424:(1974), which dealt with the relation between the lyrical self of a song's lyrics and its composer. Performance studies scholar Philip Auslander includes further contextual frames, in which musical persona is the primary product of musical performances apart from the original text. Auslander argues that music is a primary social frame as a "principle of organization which govern events." In addition, he categorizes three types of personae transformation: lateral moves within the same frame at a given moment; movements from one frame to another; and within a single frame that changes over time and hypothesizes that personae transformation could only happen when the genre framing changes. As a strategic formation of public identity in communities, musical personae describe how music moves through cultures. Persona maintains stability of performance with the expectation from the audience matching in musical presentation.
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friends, at home, etc. Depending on the individual's circumstance, a persona which they consider stronger within their specific social situation can be created because they put a higher emphasis on social interactions. Jung warned about using personas too much, fearing that one might lose their own individuality to their persona. A study has shown that this can be true to an extent; when taking a private self-rating test, there is a high correlation between how a person rates themselves and how they present themselves in public. It is difficult to tell if people are accurately filling out the test or answering what they find desirable.
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675:(1998). Cooper play-acted fictitious characters in order to help solve design questions. These personas need to be based on user research and can also be described in narrative form. Creating personas has become synonymous with creating a document, known as persona profile, instead of an "activity of empathetic role-play".
431:, like a pianist and their playing style, although the term is more commonly used to refer to the voice and performance nuances of a vocalist in a studio album or in a live concert. In online spaces where personae are more visible, musical personae can be created through the flexible and fluid virtual bodies of avatars.
367:, any narrative voice that speaks in the first person and appears to define a particular character is often referred to as a persona. It is contrasted with a third-person narrative voice, generally taken to be more objective and impersonal. There are borderline cases, such as the “we” that occurs late in
226:
under various guises. People may choose to wear a social mask or use a persona to make themselves appear more socially desirable. This is used to impress potential partners or to make new friends. People can have multiple personas that they use in various situations; this can include work, being with
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that represents a group or segment of customers so that the company can focus its efforts. For example, online advertising agencies can monitor pictures, browsing history and the ads people surfing the internet generally select or choose to click, and based on that data they tailor their merchandise
200:, when it became apparent that different individuals could assume the same role and that legal attributes such as rights, powers, and duties followed the role. The same individuals as actors could play different roles, each with its own legal attributes, sometimes even in the same court appearance.
155:
Persona studies is an academic field developed by communication and media scholars. The term “persona” has been discussed by sociologists Robert Park and Erving
Goffman in the 1950s. It is a tool to become persons by constructing the conception of our role and connecting the inner conception to the
234:, she argues that a person's persona can range in healthiness. The more healthy a persona is, the more socially acceptable and consistent that person remains. However, once a person starts to believe they are their persona, it can have adverse effects on their personality.
1910:
The identification and application of personas improved
Development's efficiency and quality during the first development cycle in which they were used. In addition, the use of personas significantly improved corporate cohesiveness, focus and decision making at every
623:") played a key role in the group's international marketability. Spice Girl Melanie C later said the personas were "like a protection mechanism because it was like putting on this armour of being this, this character, rather than it actually being you."
360:. For Pound, the personae were a way of working through a specific poetic problem. In this sense, the persona is a transparent mask, wearing the traits of two poets and responding to two situations, old and new, which are similar and overlapping.
355:
in response to figures in
Browning’s dramatic monologues. Whereas Eliot used "masks" to distance himself from aspects of modern life which he found degrading and repulsive, Pound's personae were often poets and could be considered in good part
371:'s poem and functions something like a chorus in a Greek tragedy, but in general any identifiable narrator whose point of view or manner of speaking clearly distinguishes them from the author is considered a literary persona.
438:, though they may also be composers. Many performers make use of a persona. Some artists create various characters, especially if their career is long and they go through many changes over time. For example,
242:
figure. By losing their "ego", their persona becomes their personality in an archetypal form. However, when this occurs, the person becomes unstable and they are unable to act outside their formed persona.
189:). It is the etymology of the word "person," or "parson" in French. Latin etymologists explain that persona comes from "per/sonare" as "the mask through which (per) resounds the voice (of the actor)."
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outer world as individuals. Yet, the terminology of identity and personae has been applied loosely and both imply the impressions of self and social performances in their works.
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478:, and with his distinctive hair, nasal voice, and clothing. The persona also serves to claim a right or to draw attention to a certain subject. That is the case of
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836:"Persona and the Performance of Identity Parallel Developments in the Biographical Historiography of Science and Gender, and the Related Uses of Self Narrative"
352:
1958:
329:. These writers understood the term slightly differently and derived its use and meaning from different traditions. Examples of Eliot's personae were "
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1945:
1615:
1353:
313:, the term generally refers to a character established by an author, one in whose voice all or part of a narrative takes place. Poets such as
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Analytical
Psychology and German Classical Aesthetics: Goethe, Schiller, and Jung, Volume 1: The Development of the Personality
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513:. According to Beyoncé, Sasha is her wilder side, emerging during high octane stage performances and serving as a sort of
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163:. The usage of the word dates back to the beginnings of Latin civilization. The Latin word derived from the
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1925:"Viewed by Too Many or Viewed Too Little: Using Information Dissemination for Audience Segmentation"
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1000:. Michael Carrithers, Steven Collins, Steven Lukes. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. 1985.
454:, the personae are independent characters used in the artist's shows and albums (in this example,
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580:
962:
1524:
1223:
769:"Making Intellectual Room for Persona Studies: A New Consciousness and a Shifted Perspective"
1490:
Harvey, Trevor S. (2016). "Avatar
Rockstars". In Whiteley, Sheila; Rambarran, Shara (eds.).
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to a targeted audience or better describe a customer segments using a data driven approach.
466:). However, in music, a persona does not always mean a change. Some authors have noted that
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1180:(October 19, 2011). "Personality and persona: personality processes in self presentation".
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222:, the persona is also the mask or appearance one presents to the world. It may appear in
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152:. It is also considered "an intermediary between the individual and the institution."
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adopted personas based on nicknames given to them by the
British press. According to
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Association for
Information Science and Technology Annual Meeting 2017 (ASIST2017)
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Jansen, Bernard; An, Jisun; Kwak, Haewoon; Salminen, Joni; Jung, Soon-gyo (2017).
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Persona of Anime: A Depth
Psychological Approach to the Persona and Individuation
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552:, a Polish homosexual. The personae were heavily used in her sophomore album,
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believed that once a person loses their identity to a persona, they become an
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Its meaning in the latter Roman period changed to indicate a "character" of a
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Rambarran, Shara (2021). ""Living in a
Fantasy": Performers and Identity.".
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Reading the
Beatles: cultural studies, literary criticism, and the Fab Four
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Bob Dylan: performing artist 1986-1990 & beyond : mind out of time
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197:
470:'s charisma is due largely to his almost stereotyped image, always with a
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Usually, the performers assume a role that matches the music they sing on
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The word derives from Latin, where it originally referred to a theatrical
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and in online stories, the personas may especially reflect the authors'
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281: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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140:) is a strategic mask of identity in public, the public image of one's
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are strongly associated with such narrative voices, as is the writer
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The Category of the person : anthropology, philosophy, history
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541:: she employs multiple personae, ranging from what she calls the
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male persona, and is often used in the performance of her song, "
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402:
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Frame analysis : an essay on the organization of experience
1959:
Getting from research to personas: harnessing the power of data
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507:: the persona of Beyoncé, "Sasha Fierce", appears on the album
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Personas are used in marketing and advertising by creating a
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576:
457:
The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars
223:
1801:"Melanie C Imagines How The Spice Girls Would Fare In 2020"
636:, including the character Billy Shears "played by" drummer
340:
160:
145:
1553:(Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), ppp. 39, 51, and 108.
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1623:
1526:
Virtual Music: Sound, Music, and Image in the Digital Era
1616:"Pop Personae: Why Do Some Women Perform In Character?"
1101:"Introduction: Legal Bodies: Corpus/Persona/Communitas"
427:
The concept of persona can also be used to refer to an
19:
This article is about the concept. For other uses, see
1701:"Nicki Minaj, the Rapper With a Crush on Meryl Streep"
523:: Jo Calderone, the persona of Gaga, performed at the
1494:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 171–190.
1424:
Fairchild, Charles; Marshall, P. David (2019-07-11).
1367:
Fairchild, Charles; Marshall, P. David (2019-07-11).
1922:
1243:
Poetry Into Song: Performance and Analysis of Lieder
1099:
Horsman, Yasco; Korsten, Frans-Willem (2016-09-01).
414:The concept of personae in music was introduced by
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1869:The Beatles, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
1758:
1675:"Lady Gaga Bends Gender, Minds With VMA Monologue"
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173:," with the same meaning, and that from the Greek
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1981:
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767:Marshall, P. David; Barbour, Kim (2015-04-30).
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1809:. Archived from the original on March 14, 2021
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1098:
168:
1972:Personas and the Role of Design Documentation
1760:"Spice Girls: From Wannabes to World Beaters"
1698:
1149:. Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Vol. 7.
950:. University of Edinburgh. pp. 152, 160.
442:initially adopted a role as alien messenger
1597:(University Press of America, 2006), p.14.
1492:The Oxford Handbook of Music and Virtuality
1246:(Oxford University Press US, 2010), p.235.
183:
174:
1872:(Cambridge University Press, 1997), p.75.
1757:Barrett, Christopher (November 10, 2007).
1720:
1646:"Beyoncé Starts 'Fierce' Atop Album Chart"
1352:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
967:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 157–158.
1522:
1480:Deborah Stein and Robert Spillman, p.106.
1449:
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1088:. Cambridge University Press. p. 14.
954:
948:The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
933:The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
792:
297:Learn how and when to remove this message
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1974:." Boxes and Arrow, February 27th, 2008.
1729:"Nicki Minaj Gets 'Revenge' With Eminem"
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1044:"The Etruscan Phersu - phersuminiatures"
389:
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645:In marketing and user experience design
148:that one adopts, or simply a fictional
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1644:Jonathan, Cohen (November 26, 2008).
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633:Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
339:. Pound developed such characters as
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1500:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199321285.013.1
1426:"Music and Persona: An Introduction"
1369:"Music and Persona: An Introduction"
1167:
915:
279:adding citations to reliable sources
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
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1607:
1240:Deborah Stein and Robert Spillman,
1146:Two Essays on Analytical Psychology
498:
13:
1726:
1551:The words and music of David Bowie
673:The Inmates Are Running the Asylum
562:
14:
2006:
671:introduced personas in his book,
16:Public image of one's personality
1961:". Cooper Journal, May 15, 2008.
1948:". Cooper Journal, May 15, 2008.
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1194:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00704.x
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1799:White, Amelia (April 2, 2020).
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1699:Lizzy Goodman (June 20, 2010).
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1575:(Omnibus Press, 2004), p.229.
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629:: they present a group persona
490:and her interest in sexuality.
410:The concept of musical personae
266:needs additional citations for
41:needs additional citations for
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961:Bishop, Paul (July 30, 2007).
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834:Bosch, Mineke (January 2013).
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824:, Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2020.
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705:Dissociative identity disorder
482:and his interest in death and
1:
1442:10.21153/psj2019vol5no1art856
1385:10.21153/psj2019vol5no1art856
1118:10.1080/1535685X.2016.1232924
785:10.21153/ps2015vol1no1art464
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852:10.7767/lhomme.2013.24.2.11
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555:Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded
525:2011 MTV Video Music Awards
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385:
184:
10:
2011:
1894:"The Power of the Persona"
1850:(SUNY Press, 2006), p.21.
1673:Dinh, James (2011-09-28).
1614:Chace, Zoe (12 Aug 2010).
1281:10.1162/dram.2006.50.1.100
1263:Auslander, Philip (2006).
1218:Jackson, Danielle (2017).
1151:Princeton University Press
935:. University of Edinburgh.
667:, known as user personas.
663:Personas are also used in
648:
517:for "unladylike" behavior.
450:. More than just artistic
207:
18:
1827:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1071:Oxford English Dictionary
651:Persona (user experience)
175:
1529:. New York: Bloomsbury.
1324:. New York. p. 10.
1318:Goffman, Erving (1974).
946:Goffman, Erving (1956).
931:Goffman, Erving (1956).
583:" or of a housewife in "
575:: he takes the guise of
369:Edwin Arlington Robinson
21:Persona (disambiguation)
1656:Prometheus Global Media
401:at Maple Leaf Gardens,
169:
1946:The origin of personas
1182:Journal of Personality
1086:Category of the Person
1084:Mouss, Marcel (1985).
1028:: CS1 maint: others (
665:user experience design
581:Sympathy for the Devil
406:
230:In a study written by
1677:. MTV. Archived from
1451:10536/DRO/DU:30128841
1394:10536/DRO/DU:30128841
916:Park, Robert (1950).
794:10536/DRO/DU:30072974
393:
1662:on January 26, 2010.
1105:Law & Literature
510:I Am... Sasha Fierce
421:The Composer's Voice
275:improve this article
210:Persona (psychology)
50:improve this article
1844:and Todd F. Davis,
1591:Bhesham R. Sharma,
821:Merriam-Webster.com
603:, these personas ("
448:The Thin White Duke
399:The Thin White Duke
1990:Literary criticism
1738:. Vibe Media Group
1681:on 18 October 2011
1265:"Musical Personae"
573:the Rolling Stones
527:. Jo represents a
463:Station to Station
407:
220:Jungian psychology
1727:Dawson, Imani A.
1706:New York magazine
1549:James E. Perone,
1536:978-1-5013-3637-9
1160:978-0-691-09776-3
1141:Jung, Carl Gustav
974:978-0-203-96088-2
897:ojs.deakin.edu.au
893:"Persona Studies"
657:marketing persona
593:: each member of
365:literary analysis
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247:In literature
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1902:. Retrieved
1898:the original
1890:Rind, Bonnie
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1784:– via
1780:February 23,
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273:Please help
268:verification
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48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1742:November 4,
1269:TDR (1988-)
669:Alan Cooper
638:Ringo Starr
627:The Beatles
591:Spice Girls
569:Mick Jagger
548:persona to
539:Nicki Minaj
440:David Bowie
395:David Bowie
376:fan fiction
323:T. S. Eliot
142:personality
1984:Categories
1934:: 189–196.
1766:Music Week
1685:2011-09-28
1228:1964903170
1053:2023-05-01
980:August 27,
902:2023-04-23
878:2023-05-01
725:Stage name
600:Music Week
595:girl group
452:pseudonyms
358:alter egos
349:Propertius
319:Ezra Pound
311:literature
240:archetypal
194:theatrical
76:newspapers
1813:March 14,
1775:0265-1548
1651:Billboard
1629:19 August
1468:199177465
1460:2205-5258
1411:199177465
1403:2205-5258
1348:cite book
1289:1054-2043
1127:1535-685X
1024:cite book
868:148183584
860:2194-5071
816:"Persona"
803:2205-5258
755:Citations
735:Pseudonym
685:Alter ego
533:You and I
521:Lady Gaga
515:scapegoat
484:morbidity
472:harmonica
468:Bob Dylan
353:Mauberley
216:Carl Jung
150:character
65:"Persona"
1823:cite web
1786:ProQuest
1712:July 22,
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1224:ProQuest
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1143:(1967).
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679:See also
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494:Examples
386:In music
331:Prufrock
218:and the
185:prosōpon
177:πρόσωπον
165:Etruscan
138:personas
134:personae
132:(plural
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745:Rebirth
721:persona
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700:Costume
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488:Madonna
418:in his
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336:Sweeney
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864:S2CID
846:(2).
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585:Slave
577:Satan
436:stage
97:JSTOR
83:books
1906:2009
1874:ISBN
1852:ISBN
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1815:2021
1806:Love
1782:2021
1771:ISSN
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1736:.com
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