Polish names - Knowledge

1578: 35: 1984:(the apostrophe means that the last consonant in the base form of the surname is softened). Although these suffixes are still used by some people, mostly the elderly and in rural areas, they are now becoming outdated and there is a tendency to use the same form of a nominal surname for both a man and a woman. Furthermore, the forms "-anka" and "-ina/-yna" are going out of fashion and being replaced by "-ówna" and "-owa" respectively. 6262: 3001:... Wymienienie czyjegoś nazwiska w herbarzu nie oznacza, że współcześnie żyjąca osoba pochodzi od rodziny w herbarzu tym występującej. Wiele pozornie szlacheckich nazwisk z końcówką "-ski" należy do osób pochodzenia chłopskiego lub mieszczańskiego, które nazwisko otrzymały od nazwiska właściciela majątku, w którym mieszkały lub na fali panującej w XIX w. mody na dodawanie do nazwiska właśnie tej końcówki. ...' 1850:, "child." For example, when talking about a child of the neighbours one may say "To małe Kowalskie jest bardzo spokojnym dzieckiem" ("That Kowalski little one is a very quiet child"), or in plural: "Wasilewskie wyjechały do babci" ("The Wasilewskis children went away to see their grandma"). Unlike the feminine form, this form is never used in official documents; it is an informal form used mostly in spoken language. 772:. Members of one clan could split into separate families with different surnames, usually derived from the name of their holdings or estates. Sometimes the family name and the clan name (associated with the arms) would be used together and form a double-barrelled name. The opposite process happened as well: different families may have joined a heraldic clans by the means of 1324:) derives from a person's nickname, usually based on his profession, occupation, physical description, character trait, etc. The occupational surnames often would come from the Medieval Polish serf-villages, where a whole village serving the prince, township or lord, or a few streets in a town block would be inhabited by the same kind of specialized workers, often a 1088:

evading criminal or civil responsibility. Every application must give a motivation for the change of name; for example, the existing name being offensive or funny, the desire to revert to a previous name, a close attachment to family members (e.g. parent, step-parent) bearing a different surname, or being commonly known in unofficial contexts by a different name.

1183:). Western languages do not distinguish between male and female surnames, even if the language has gender-specific adjectives (like German, French or Spanish). As the surname is, in most cases, inherited from the father (or accepted from the husband), the Western registries of birth and marriage ascribe the masculine form (the one ending in 1084:) with a request for a change of name or surname alongside the payment of a small administrative fee. If the change of surname is not linked to marriage, the family surname is also changed in the successful applicant's documents. A note is added to the applicant's birth certificate in the system, informing of the subsequent change of name. 2669:

It is rude to call a person by a surname in the presence of unknown people. In a random crowd, for example, a person calling another person should use a form of "Proszę Pana/Pani" ("I'm asking you, Sir/Madam") or use the semi-formal form with first name, like "Panie Włodzimierzu" ("Mr. Włodzimierz").

860:

can share the same coat of arms, even though that coat of arms bears the surname of the family who created it. Thus the total number of coats of arms in this system was relatively low — about 200 in the late Middle Ages. One side-effect of this unique arrangement was that it became customary to refer

2678:

Informal forms of address are normally used only by relatives, close friends and co-workers. In such situations diminutives are generally preferred to the standard forms of given names. At an intermediate level of familiarity (for example, among co-workers) a diminutive given name may be preceded by

1780:

The feminine form is not just a common usage form, it is also the form of the surname that appears in all official records, such as birth, death and marriage certificates, identity cards, and passports. A female first name coupled with a male surname or vice versa sounds incongruous and wrong to the

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The request is not always successful. Certain types of request are certain to be refused: for example, the surname of a famous historical figure (where the applicant cannot demonstrate a close family connection to the surname), or where there is concern that the applicant is applying with the aim of

477:

A Polish marriage certificate lists three fields, the surnames for the husband, wife, and children. The partners may choose to retain their surnames, or both adopt the surname of either partner, or a combination of both; the children must receive either the joint surname or the surname of one of the

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are more popular. Today, in Eastern Poland, birthdays remain relatively intimate celebrations, as often only relatives and close friends know a person's date of birth. Name days, on the other hand, are often celebrated together with co-workers and other less-intimate friends. Information about whose

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are the basic honorific styles used in Polish to refer to a man or woman, respectively. In the past, these styles were reserved for hereditary nobles, and played more or less the same role as "Lord" or "Sir" and "Lady" or "Madame" in English. Since the 19th century, they have come to be used in all

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of professionals. These areas would often be separate from the rest of the town due to the danger of fire (bell-makers and smiths), area ownership by the guild, or due to unpleasant pollution (tanners, wool-workers). Such serf areas would bear the plural form of the profession name, such as Piekary

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If a superior wants to behave more politely or show a friendly attitude towards the subordinate, a diminutive form of the given name may be used: "Panie Włodku!", "Pani Jadziu!". That, however, is usually not practised when the subordinate is much older than the superior, as it may be felt by the

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In situations of frequent contact, like at work, people who do not change their status from formal to familiar levels may remain for years at a semi-formal level, using the formal "Pan"/"Pani" form followed by the given name. That way of calling people is used not only to address them but also to

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It is very rude to address someone whom one does not know well without using "Pan" or "Pani", and with the second person singular instead of the polite third person singular pronouns and verb forms. Traditionally, the act of moving from this form to a friendly "you" must be acknowledged by both

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In the past, there was no restrictions on the number of the given names. In formal situations, multiple given names were presented in the following style: "Zygmunt, Józef, Erazm 3-ga imion Kaczkowski, urodził sie dnia 2 maja 1825 roku..." (Zygmunt, Józef, Erazm of three names

1506:) usually derive from the name of a village or town, or the name of a topographic feature. These names are almost always of the adjectival form. Originally they referred to the village owner (lord). In the 19th century, however, surnames were often taken from the name of a person's town. 2703:

parties and it is usually a mark of a close friendly relationship between the two people. The change can only be proposed by the older or more respected person; a similar suggestion initiated by the younger or less respected person will usually be perceived as presumptuous and arrogant.

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When addressing people, scientific and other titles are always used together with "Pan" and "Pani" and the name itself is dropped. However, when a person is spoken of but not addressed directly, then both the title and the name are used and the words "Pan"/"Pani" are often omitted.

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Plural forms of surnames follow the pattern of the masculine and feminine forms, respectively, if such exist. For a married couple or a family where there is a mix of males and females, the masculine plural is used. Plural forms of names rarely follow the patterns of

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That comes from a general rule that one has the right to be anonymous in a crowd of unknown people, and the rule is observed in most Western countries. To disclose one's given name does not fall under that rule, as many people are "Włodzimierz", for instance.

1329:(bakers), Garbary (tanners), Winiary (winemakers). Furthermore, the suffix -czyk, -yk, -ek was used to describe a profession as a diminutive, often, but not always, indicating a trainee - the learning assistant before achieving a full job title or seniority. 236:

A child in Poland is usually given one or two names; Polish registry offices do not register more than two. Among Catholics, who form the vast majority of the population, it is customary to adopt the name of a saint as an informal, third given name at

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The choice of a given name is largely influenced by fashion. Many parents name their child after a national hero or heroine, or a character from a book, film, or TV show. In spite of this, a great number of popular names have been in use since the

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If two people do not have the same status, such as an employer and employee, a subordinate person is addressed by his or her given name by their superior, but the subordinate never uses the given name of the superior but instead uses the title.

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suffix in their family surname or merely sharing the same toponymic surname as members of Poland's nobility, does not in itself denote that person too is a member of the nobility, of noble origin, or indeed connected to that particular family.

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There is a class of surnames derived from past tense participles. These names usually have the formally feminine (-ła) or neuter (-ło) ending of the (ancient, now obsolete) gender-neutral active past participle, meaning "the one who has ...".

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The given name(s) normally comes before the surname. However, in a list of people sorted alphabetically by surname, the surname usually comes first. Hence some people may also use this order in spoken language (e.g. introducing themselves as

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strata of society and may be considered equivalent to the English "Mr." and "Ms." or the Japanese "san" suffix, while nobles would be addressed "Jego/Jej Miłość Pan/Pani" (His/Her Grace Lord/Lady). There used to be a separate style,

1963:

Nominal surnames may or may not change with gender. Like other Slavic languages, Polish has special feminine suffixes which were added to a woman's surname. A woman who was never married used her father's surname with the suffix

3416: 494:). However, if she already has a double-barrelled name, she must leave one of the parts out—it is illegal to use a triple- or more-barrelled name. An exception is when one of the surnames is composed of a surname proper plus 2460:

Poles pay great attention to the correct way of referring to, or addressing other people, depending on the level of social distance, familiarity and politeness. The differences between formal and informal language include:

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are popular in everyday usage and are by no means reserved for children. The Polish language allows for a great deal of creativity in this field. Most diminutives are formed by adding a suffix. For male names it may be

358:. Non-Christian, but traditional, Slavic names are usually accepted, but the priest may encourage parents to pick at least one Christian name. In the past, two Christian names were given to a child so that they had two 1305:), and are considered to be either typically Polish or typical for the Polish nobility. In the case of '-ski', it holds true if the surname contains the name of a city, town, village or other geographical location. 2698:

Using the honorific style with a surname only, if used to refer to a given person directly, is generally perceived as rude. In such case, it is more polite to use just the form "Pan", without given or family name.

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When Polish individuals emigrate to countries with different languages and cultures, the often-difficult spelling and pronunciation of Polish names commonly cause them to be misspelled, changed, shortened, or

2595:), but this is generally considered incorrect or a throwback to the Communist era when this order was sometimes heard in official situations. In many formal situations, the given name is omitted altogether. 255:

Kaczkowski, was born on the day of the 2nd of May, in the year of 1825...) In the case of two first names the qualifier "of two names" (dwojga imion) was used; four names: "of 4 names" (4-ga imion), etc.

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Although a remarried woman who takes the new husband's surname does not formally retain the surname(s) from the previous marriages, on biographical occasions all her surnames may be listed as follows: "

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alphabet, such as Russian or Ukrainian, alterations are usually much less drastic, as the languages involved are Slavic and less difficult for the natives, and feminine forms are preserved although the

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DĄBROWSCY h. RADWAN z Dąbrówki pod Piasecznem, w ziemi warszawskiej, w różnych stronach osiedli, przeważnie w ziemi rożańskiej. Przydomek ich "Żądło". Żyjący w połowie XV-go wieku Jakub z Dąbrówki, ...

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Surnames ending with consonants usually have no additional feminine form. In the past, when the masculine form ended in a consonant, the feminine surname could have been derived by adding the suffix

514:, who did both, taking his wife's name on his first marriage, and later appending his second wife's name to it). Polish triple-barreled surnames are known to exist; an example is the one borne by 6505: 1742: 603:

whose name in Polish is "Jan z Tarnowa" was equally known by the name "Jan Tarnowski"; this highlighted his nobility unlike the preposition of "z" alone which could be construed as a regular

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bearing territorial toponymic surnames once a characteristic only borne by the nobility. As such, and contrary to a popular modern-day misconception, the fact of a person simply bearing the

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In 2009, the most popular female names in Poland were Anna, Maria and Katarzyna (Katherine). The most popular male names were Piotr (Peter), Krzysztof (Christopher) and Andrzej (Andrew).

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Daniel is her husband's surname. It is also possible, though rare, for the husband to adopt his wife's surname or to add his wife's surname to his family name (an example is businessman

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ending is altered slightly to the corresponding ending in Russian (-ский/-ская) or Ukrainian (-ський/-ська). Similar alterations occur to Polish names in Belarus, Lithuania and Latvia.

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The most striking concept of the Polish heraldic system is that a coat of arms may originate from a single family, but come to be carried by several non-related families of the Polish

3442: 599:) suffix are preceded by a place name (toponymic) or other territorial designation derived from their main court, holdings, castle, manor or estate. For example, the Polish nobleman 6306: 6371: 1663: 515: 3335: 3198: 6080: 2984: 3766: 1805: 6281: 1808:. The unmarried daughter of Jędrzejewicz would have the official surname Jędrzejewiczówna. In modern times, Jędrzejewicz may be both a masculine and a feminine surname. 6301: 6356: 2609:

On the other hand, it is not common to refer to public figures, while not addressing them, with "Pan" or "Pani". This is true for politicians, artists, and athletes.

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apply even to some women from non-Slavic countries, not just outside Poland or English-speaking ones, who have Polish parentage or are half-Polish, namely Britain's

3166:. Although time has scattered most families far from their original home, nearly all the names of the genuinely Polish szlachta can be traced back to some locality. 6291: 6346: 6326: 2945:. Vol. 3. Łódź: Journal of the Waldemar Ceran Research Centre for the History and Culture of the Mediterranean Area and South-East Europe. pp. 187–196. 6530: 3113:

Later on each family began to take the name of some village or town, with the addition of -ski, which is the Polish equivalent for the French de or German von.

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Originally a member of the Polish szlachta used simply his Christian name, and the title of the coat of arms which was common to all the members of his clan.

6459: 567:", which defined affiliation to something. It was also used with names of territories and settlements to denote possession or place of origin. The suffix, 6454: 6394: 2451: 3577: 478:

partners. However, a married woman usually adopts her husband's name, and the children usually bear the surname of the father. The wife may keep her

1737:

and then pursued by the authorities, assumed another name. Subsequently, rather than lose one of his identities, he merged them using the disjunct,

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The table below shows the full declension of adjectival surnames ending in -ki (-ski, -cki, -dzki), using the surname "Kowalski" as an example.

6409: 6389: 5409: 4941: 575:), has been restricted to the nobility in eastern Europe and some parts of central Europe since the High Middle Ages. It was the equivalent to 6449: 6399: 5019: 1811:

Another pair of archaic feminine forms are these derived from the masculine surname based on a nickname ending in vowel: "-ina" for married (

1103: 3014: 1710: 6228: 6404: 1370: 5660: 3838: 3473: 6480: 6520: 6439: 5125: 2622:"Złoty medal zdobyła Anna Kowalska." ("The gold medal was won by Anna Kowalska.") and never: "Złoty medal zdobyła pani Anna Kowalska." 6434: 4401: 3655: 2691:

Pan Włodek (but also standard semi-formal form "Pan Włodzimierz") - in direct address "Panie Włodku" (standard: "Panie Włodzimierzu")

1747: 1187:) to the female members of the family. Slavic countries, in contrast, would use the feminine form of the surname (the one ending in 6444: 6424: 4472: 3665: 2894: 3716: 2616:"Jan Kowalski uważa, że" or "Minister Kowalski uważa, że" ("Mr Kowalski maintains that") is better than "Pan Kowalski uważa, że". 17: 2862: 6419: 6414: 4313: 2646:

a subordinate to the superior: "Panie Dyrektorze!" (literally: "Mr Principal!"), "Pani Kierownik!" (literally: "Mrs Manager!").

448:) may be colloquially used, often with scornful or disdainful intention. For example, Maria may be called Marycha or Marychna. 437:; now the archaic form "Maryja" is used for this), has diminutives Marysia, Maryśka, Marysieńka, Mania, Mańka, Maniusia, etc. 169:, which are very old and uncommon, such as Barnaba, Bonawentura, Boryna, Jarema, Kosma, Kuba (a diminutive of Jakub) and Saba. 6296: 6429: 3751: 2991:(in Polish). Warsaw: Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych (The Head Office of the State Archives Poland) www.archiwa.gov.pl 2985:"Akta instytucji powołanych do badania szlachectwa (XIX w. deputacje szlacheckie i Heroldia Królestwa Polskiego): Literatura" 2964: 2849: 1159:

Another typical change is the loss of the gender distinction in adjectival surnames, especially visible for those ending in

564: 3802: 3782: 3756: 3532:: Birth, Marriage and Death Records, Northbrook, Illinois, Jewish Genealogical Society of Illinois, 1989 (second edition); 99: 503: 5946: 5793: 4099: 4019: 3828: 3044: 2619:"Film reżyserował Jan Kowalski." ("The film was directed by Jan Kowalski.") and not: "Film reżyserował pan Jan Kowalski." 366:, people usually adopt yet another (second or third) Christian name, however, it is never used outside church documents. 71: 3397: 5465: 5367: 3935: 3864: 1308:

Based on origin, Polish family names may be generally divided into three groups: cognominal, toponymic and patronymic.

241:, however, this does not have any legal effect. (This is reminiscent of the pre-Christian rite of the "first haircut" ( 3678: 3438: 2613:"Jan Kowalski był dziś w Gdańsku." ("Jan Kowalski was in Gdansk today") and not "Pan Jan Kowalski był dziś w Gdańsku." 902:, forming a double-barrelled name (nazwisko złożone). Later, the double-barrelled name would be joined with a hyphen: 6490: 4104: 4046: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3774: 3537: 2836: 1625: 520: 118: 1607: 78: 6221: 6075: 5951: 5798: 4159: 4134: 4034: 1233:. Those endings are common in Czech, Slovak and Ukrainian, as well as in English, but they never occur in Polish. 1050:

to their original family names. This was yet another reason for creating double-barrelled names. Examples include

6495: 5867: 324: 2561:"Panie profesorze" ("Professor"), "Pan profesor powiedział" ("Professor (X) said" or "you have said, professor") 6664: 6603: 1603: 157:

The law requires a given name to indicate the person's gender. Almost all Polish female names end in the vowel

56: 85: 6588: 6085: 5514: 5501: 5082: 4053: 3823: 1797: 1599: 931: 887: 52: 3660: 2942:

Studia Ceranea; Possessive Adjectives Formed from Personal Names in Polish Translations of the New Testament

1015: 970: 5218: 4845: 4797: 4465: 604: 587: 6321: 6276: 2923: 2455: 733:) instead. Historically, female versions of surnames were more complex, often formed by adding the suffix 6583: 6214: 5323: 4523: 4336: 4024: 3965: 3940: 3884: 3709: 3262: 945: 67: 713:) are the only ones in Polish that have feminine forms, where women have the feminine version ending in 6593: 5612: 4873: 4594: 4371: 4303: 4186: 3833: 3818: 3743: 3225: 3126: 3089: 2591: 6366: 2626:

In such circumstances, preceding a name with "Pan" or "Pani" would usually be seen as being ironical.

1646:) derives from the given name of a person, and usually ends in a suffix suggesting a family relation. 833:

translates as "Jacob from Dąbrówka, with the Radwan coat of arms". But with the later addition of his

6669: 6535: 6055: 5924: 4406: 4283: 4164: 4114: 3992: 3899: 3874: 3434: 1063: 801: 796: 6336: 6311: 6286: 3687:

Repartition of Polish surnames in present day Poland (interactive maps) according to the 2001 census

1059: 6515: 6510: 6351: 6026: 5882: 5419: 4708: 3945: 3909: 3889: 1588: 1521: 363: 320: 151: 3159: 2694:

Pani Jadzia (but also "Pani Jadwiga") - in direct address "Pani Jadziu" (standard: "Pani Jadwigo")

2564:"Pani doktor" ("Doctor"), "Pani doktor powiedziała" ("Doctor (X) said" or "you have said, doctor") 1055: 6540: 6525: 6195: 5765: 4458: 4124: 4094: 4002: 3879: 3761: 3022: 1713:

are examples of these names. A smaller number of surnames use the masculine ending, for example,

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would never be met within Poland, whereas it is commonly found in the US, Germany and Argentina.

1051: 879: 795:

means "oak grove". Then, by analogy with German surnames associated with noble provenance using

348: 308: 209:), which alone, in the early years, had such suffix distinctions. They are widely popular today. 45: 5097: 3514: 2635:

refer to them to a third person with whom one remains at the same level of semi-formal contact.

6361: 6316: 6251: 5783: 5692: 5459: 5330: 5187: 4816: 4384: 4379: 4323: 4216: 4154: 3970: 3950: 3702: 3419:[DĄBROWSKI MANOR/MANSION IN MICHAŁOWICE - New Life of the Manor/Mansion (Exhibition)]. 3362: 3243: 3144: 3107: 2940: 2118: 1826:

or syllables starting with '-g': in this case the unmarried feminine form would use the suffix

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name is associated with a given day can be found in most Polish calendars and on the Internet.

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Family names first appeared in Poland around the 13th century and were only used by the upper

212:

Minor regional spelling differences also exist depending on whether the surname originated in

6659: 5534: 4579: 4356: 4308: 4139: 4084: 3975: 990: 638:(from a person's place of residence, birth or family origin). This caused a blur between the 487: 511: 6624: 5822: 5554: 5289: 4394: 4258: 4119: 4014: 3955: 3297: 2797: 610:

In the 19th century, a wave of seemingly noble sounding surnames began to appear among the

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suffix was thus attached to surnames derived from a person's occupation, characteristics,

92: 8: 6182: 5919: 5909: 5832: 5807: 5130: 4864: 4840: 4361: 4351: 4278: 4243: 4149: 4041: 4029: 4009: 3982: 3960: 3852: 2850:"Zygmunt Kaczkowski i jego czasy : na podstawie źródeł i materyałów rękopiśmiennych" 2824: 2802: 2767: 1067: 1041: 984: 951: 780: 340: 2483:

using the third person singular (formal) or the second person singular (informal) forms.

6381: 6045: 5988: 5752: 5432: 5225: 5107: 4787: 4761: 4637: 4528: 4341: 4288: 4248: 3923: 3285: 2902: 2744: 1762: 1333: 1317: 779:

To explain the formation of a particular Polish nobleman's name, e.g. Jakub Dąbrowski,

745:

for unmarried women. In most cases, this practice is now considered archaic or rustic.

576: 430: 288: 170: 2712: 2519:("Miss"), applied to unmarried women, but this is now outdated and mostly replaced by 6563: 6131: 5897: 5386: 5266: 4660: 4626: 4621: 4425: 4298: 4253: 4208: 4198: 4144: 4129: 4072: 3904: 3869: 3734: 3603: 3533: 3391: 3274:

Herbarz Polski - Część I.; Wiadomości Historyczno-Genealogiczne O Rodach Szlacheckich

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Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych (The Head Office of the State Archives Poland)

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to noblemen by both their family name and their coat of arms/clan name. For example:

857: 773: 635: 4058: 3670: 3618: 1010: 247: 6573: 6261: 6016: 5892: 5887: 5788: 5709: 5606: 5274: 5243: 5150: 5009: 4730: 4226: 4109: 4089: 3997: 3239: 3163: 3140: 3103: 1846:

The neuter form ("rodzaj nijaki") may be used in reference to neuter nouns such as

1831: 1729:("or"). This arises when an ancestor was known by a given family name and under an 1141: 1117: 1045: 806: 177: 4450: 3430: 1436: 1432: 600: 6237: 6021: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5862: 5827: 5778: 5736: 5702: 5630: 5507: 5414: 5256: 5233: 5192: 4946: 4906: 4718: 4434: 4346: 4293: 4268: 4263: 2787: 2651: 1734: 1553: 1340: 1237: 1137: 761: 650:

When referring to two or more members of the same family and surname, the suffix

374: 270: 242: 221: 213: 4169: 3530:

A Translation Guide to 19th-Century Polish-Language Civil-Registration Documents

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Photographs from the family archive of Jan Majewski; Tadeusz Żądło Dąbrowski ...

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Parents normally choose from a long list of traditional names, which includes:

217: 2526:"Państwo" is widely used when referring to a married couple (instead of using 6653: 6558: 5904: 5812: 5731: 5620: 5601: 5586: 5491: 5454: 5337: 5304: 5284: 5207: 5182: 5177: 5164: 5135: 5092: 5029: 4936: 4921: 4892: 4805: 4599: 4481: 4439: 4331: 3987: 3366: 3235: 3136: 3099: 2959:(Polish historical grammar..), Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warsaw 2009, p. 114, 2655: 1406: 1203: 810: 296: 143: 2575:"Pani doktor Maria Kowalska" or "doktor Maria Kowalska" or "doktor Kowalska" 1535: 1378: 537: 173:

is a female name that can be used also as a middle (second) name for males.

6578: 6500: 6170: 6158: 6108: 6102: 6097: 5956: 5650: 5596: 5591: 5544: 5478: 5404: 5394: 5373: 5317: 5251: 5202: 5064: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5014: 4989: 4979: 4886: 4667: 4485: 3289: 2792: 2782: 1792: 862: 769: 757: 560: 441: 359: 276: 238: 3551:"Everything You Need To Know About 'Charlie's Angels' Star, Ella Balinska" 1698: 1690: 1686: 1424: 1374: 507: 381:) on the day of their patron saint. On the other hand, in Western Poland, 6143: 6065: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5635: 5549: 5539: 5399: 5357: 5352: 5169: 5145: 5087: 5054: 5024: 5004: 4999: 4974: 4964: 4931: 4926: 4742: 4723: 4677: 4672: 4553: 4236: 3151: 2762: 878:

From the 15th to the 17th century, the formula seems to copy the ancient

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Other common surname suffixes are -czyk, -czek, -czak, -czuk, and -wicz.

615: 479: 434: 391: 369:

In Eastern Poland, as in many other Catholic countries, people celebrate

316: 1972:. A married woman or a widow used her husband's surname with the suffix 1816: 1725: 1682: 1678: 1539: 915:

Jakub: Radwan Żądło-Dąbrowski (sometimes Jakub: Radwan Dąbrowski-Żądło)

6136: 6119: 6060: 6040: 5697: 5625: 5572: 5568: 5496: 5312: 5279: 5212: 5115: 5059: 4881: 4835: 4792: 4747: 4698: 4631: 4611: 4574: 4548: 4504: 4499: 4221: 3421: 3403: 3266: 2339: 2258: 1891: 1886: 1650: 1639: 1392: 1360: 1356: 1261: 631: 397: 304: 135: 2643:

the superior to a subordinate: "Panie Włodzimierzu!", "Pani Jadwigo!";

1812: 1694: 1206:, whose father has the masculine Balinski(-Jundzill), and Australians 1033:) by the end of the 17th century, then the peasantry, and finally the 6619: 6568: 6148: 6035: 6011: 5773: 5665: 5425: 5140: 4823: 4757: 4703: 4650: 4645: 4518: 2572:"Pan profesor Jan Nowak" or "profesor Jan Nowak" or "profesor Nowak", 1730: 1544: 1526: 1517: 1450: 1410: 1352: 1348: 1274: 1026: 1025:

Gradually the use of family names spread to other social groups: the

619: 470:

Surnames, like those in most of Europe, are hereditary and generally

370: 328: 312: 3426: 3331: 3194: 2097: 1786: 1714: 1706: 1702: 1577: 1548: 1530: 1253:

Based on grammatical features, Polish surnames may be divided into:

961: 541: 34: 6640: 6598: 6165: 6153: 6114: 6092: 5983: 5872: 5817: 5640: 5439: 4899: 4852: 4811: 4782: 4770: 4713: 4693: 4655: 4616: 3500:

Ustawa z dnia 17 pazdziernika 2008 r. o zmianie imienia i nazwiska

2414: 2393: 2288: 1912: 1907: 1657: 1557: 1414: 1344: 989:

Other examples: Braniecki, Czcikowski, Dostojewski, Górski, Nicki,

895: 834: 611: 533: 452: 382: 344: 336: 307:), belong to both of these groups. Slavic names used by historical 284: 205: 200: 6206: 3694: 1210:

and her sister, Jess, who have the same ending as their mother's.

6006: 5978: 5446: 5074: 4829: 4735: 4584: 4558: 4509: 3417:"DWÓR DĄBROWSKICH W MICHAŁOWICACH - "Nowe życie dworu" (wystawa)" 2730: 2084: 1561: 1396: 1152:, for example, where a more rigorous transcription would produce 1000: 495: 355: 332: 300: 139: 4776: 3686: 1822:

Still another archaic feminine forms are for surnames ending in

6175: 6050: 5160: 4606: 3725: 3281: 2315: 1741:

to indicate he was known under one or other name. For example,

1446: 1113: 868: 856:(nobility). Unrelated families who have joined the nobility by 184: 161:, and most male names end in a consonant or a vowel other than 147: 3015:"Special Report, Law Enforcement Guide to International Names" 2737: 2673: 821:

mean the same thing: hailing "from Dąbrówka". More precisely,

760:

of society. Over time the Polish nobility became grouped into

6125: 5854: 5840: 5836: 2071: 1388: 1325: 678:(plural masculine or both masculine and feminine) as well as 529: 3373:. Kraków, POLAND, EU: Dr Minakowski Publikacje Elektroniczne 579:

appearing in the names of nobility, such as in the Germanic

1265: 980: 957: 891: 559:

in other regions) is an adjective-forming suffix, from the

3400:(ed.), The Polish Nobility in the Middle Ages: Anthologies 1403:(the new one). (Nowak is the most popular Polish surname.) 1806:

Cezaria Baudouin de Courtenay Ehrenkreutz Jędrzejewiczowa

1034: 581: 451:

As in many other cultures, a person may informally use a

2987:[Official documents for the heraldry searches]. 2863:"The most Common Baby names in Poland - History, Trends" 2666:

subordinate as being overly patronised by the superior.

1853: 486:) or add her husband's surname to hers, thus creating a 3076: 525:, a university professor and writer, living in Canada. 2735:

literally meaning "of house" is basically the same as

1761:

Adjectival surnames, like all Polish adjectives, have

3177: 3175: 2706: 1733:. A case in point was when a soldier took part in an 591:. Almost all surnames borne by the nobility with the 251:), which also involved giving the child a new name.) 180:, Polish-sounding surnames ending with the masculine 3467: 3465: 2957:

Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego z ćwiczeniami

2196: 2121:, even if the name is identical with a common name. 1790:(possessive form) for married women and the suffix 898:(surname), following the Renaissance fashion. Thus, 751: 4480: 3067: 3065: 1815:–> Puchalina) and "-anka/-ianka" for unmarried ( 1796:(patronymic form) for maiden surname. For example, 1080:

A Polish citizen may apply to the registry office (

829:, but not necessarily originating from there. Thus 805:, which means "from", followed by the name of the 327:, are common as well. Additionally, a few names of 165:. There are, however, a few male names that end in 59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3576: 3474:"Chcesz zmienić nazwisko? Musisz mieć ważny powód" 3172: 1037:. The process ended only in the mid-19th century. 3462: 3314: 3312: 2650:This style is to a certain degree similar to the 1281:Adjectival names very often end in the suffixes, 1213:Another modification is changing the final vowel 6651: 3062: 2753:marks the surname by the second marriage, etc. 2629: 2130:Plural masculine or both masculine and feminine 1881:or: Children (of unspecified sex) only - plural 1236:When transliterated into languages that use the 1198:However, as an exception, feminine endings like 1097:The Polish names, of course, are unpronounceable 783:, the process might be the following. In Polish 474:, being passed from the father to his children. 433:(a name which was once reserved to refer to the 354:Traditionally, the names are given at a child's 154:, church law, personal taste and family custom. 2541:Pan Kowalski + Pani Kowalska = Państwo Kowalscy 2187:- (Ziębianki, Ziębiny, new: Ziębówny, Ziębowe) 2184:- (Ziębianka, Ziębina, new: Ziębówna, Ziębowa) 890:: praenomen (or given name), nomen gentile (or 3578:"Crimson Peak's Mia Wasikowska in sharp focus" 3309: 2899:Polish Ministry of Interior and Administration 6222: 4466: 3710: 3506: 2579: 2468:using or not using honorific titles, such as 3519:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 198. 3012: 1874:or: Entire family (Mr. & Mrs.) - plural 2674:Semi-informal and informal forms of address 2139:Plural of the common name (for comparison) 1606:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1040:After the First and Second World Wars some 6229: 6215: 4473: 4459: 3717: 3703: 2749:marks the surname by the first marriage, 2544:Pan Nowak + Pani Nowak = Państwo Nowakowie 2445: 3637:Practical Handbook of the Polish Language 3512: 3075:(Chicago, Cook county, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.: 3045:"Polish Patronymics and Surname Suffixes" 2889: 2887: 1720:Another class of surnames uses the Latin 1626:Learn how and when to remove this message 119:Learn how and when to remove this message 3261: 3255: 2938: 528:The most widespread Polish surnames are 195:, and the corresponding feminine suffix 3318: 3224: 3181: 3125: 3088: 3073:"Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings" 2831:(History of Polish), PWN, Warsaw 1985, 2492: 799:, the equivalent Polish preposition is 768:) whose names survived in their shared 697:ending and similar adjectival endings ( 14: 6652: 3656:Meaning of Polish Lastnames / Surnames 3632: 3630: 3548: 3406:; Wrocław, POLAND, EU; 1984, page 154. 3396:"Knight Clans in Medieval Poland," in 3385: 3367:"Żądło-Dąbrowski z Dąbrówki h. Radwan" 3361: 3077:POLISH GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2895:"20 most common given names in Poland" 2884: 2820: 2818: 1765:forms. If a masculine surname ends in 1460:Piekarski, Piekara, Piekarczyk – from 1106:received nicknames during World War II 6210: 4454: 3698: 3334:: Franciscus Caesarius. p. 572. 3197:: Franciscus Caesarius. p. 564. 3006: 1854:Examples of feminine and neuter forms 843:Jakub z Dąbrówki, Żądło, herbu Radwan 3349:Dąbrowfcij, cognominati Zedlowie ... 1604:adding citations to reliable sources 1571: 845:- or he could be called just plain, 825:actually means owner of the estate, 614:, where a significant number of the 283:The names of Slavic saints, such as 57:adding citations to reliable sources 28: 6236: 3724: 3627: 3574: 3371:Genealogia Potomków Sejmu Wielkiego 2970: 2815: 1471:(barrel maker), or Garcarek – from 622:, began to adopt or bear the noble 547: 24: 3441:. 12 December 2016. Archived from 2932: 2707:Multiple surnames of married women 2487: 1773:; its feminine equivalent ends in 1273:, derived from and declined as an 1014:(prior to the 17th century, was a 25: 6681: 3775:Partitions, duchies and kingdoms 3649: 3471: 2949: 2848:Example from Krechowiecki, Adam, 2687:(semi-informal form of address): 2197:Declension of adjectival surnames 1756: 1743:Przemysław Żurawski vel Grajewski 1248: 1075: 752:History, heraldry, and clan names 504:Maria Gąsienica Daniel-Szatkowska 6260: 5121:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4160:Upper Silesian Industrial Region 3516:Report on England, November 1940 3404:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich 3338:from the original on 8 June 2017 3267:"DĄBROWSCY h. RADWAN z Dąbrówki" 3201:from the original on 8 June 2017 2043:Examples of old feminine forms: 1869:e.g. a child of unspecified sex 1752:. The family then kept the form. 1576: 33: 3612: 3597: 3568: 3542: 3523: 3491: 3439:Małopolska Institute of Culture 3409: 3355: 3218: 3119: 3082: 3037: 2123: 2111: 2045: 1986: 1857: 1091: 873:Jan Zamoyski of the clan Jelita 351:, are quite popular in Poland. 44:needs additional citations for 6604:List of Polish titled nobility 6531:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 3679:Most common surnames in Poland 3671:Database of Polish given names 3575:Dow, Steve (31 October 2015). 2917: 2855: 2842: 2001:ending in a consonant (except 1841: 1486:(shoemaker), Tokarczyk – from 662:) is replaced with the plural 516:Ludwik Kos-Rabcewicz-Zubkowski 459:) or instead of a given name. 231: 13: 1: 3549:Wagner, Kate (27 July 2018). 3290:Vistula land (Russian POLAND) 2808: 2630:Semi-formal levels of address 2465:using surnames or given names 2089:Konopczanka, new: Konopkówna 1798:Cezaria Baudouin de Courtenay 1666:– derived from Łukasz (Luke). 1567: 1311: 1044:fighters added their wartime 831:Jakub z Dąbrówki herbu Radwan 813:. In Polish the expressions, 409:; for female names it may be 3021:. p. 11. Archived from 1494: 1144:can be even more extreme; a 841:, he would become known as, 134:have two main elements: the 7: 6584:Armorial of Polish nobility 3941:Central European Initiative 3752:Prehistory and protohistory 3437:, Southern Poland, POLAND: 3263:Boniecki, Adam Józef Feliks 2901:(in Polish). Archived from 2756: 2102:Zarębianka, new: Zarębówna 2092:Konopczyna, new: Konopkowa 1876:(with or without children) 1467:Bednarski, Bednarek – from 1136:. Similar changes occur in 465: 429:respectively. For example, 10: 6686: 5784:Imperial, royal, and noble 3330:(in Latin). Vol. II. 3193:(in Latin). Vol. II. 2602:Pan Włodzimierz Malinowski 2580:Given name / surname order 2534:) or even a whole family. 2449: 1482:(tailor), Szewczyk – from 979:name of the family branch/ 956:nomen gentile—name of the 909: 6638: 6612: 6549: 6473: 6380: 6269: 6258: 6244: 6191: 5999: 5971: 5868:Imperial, royal and noble 5853: 5764: 5745: 5678: 5567: 5477: 5385: 5303: 5265: 5242: 5159: 5106: 5073: 4988: 4955: 4872: 4861: 4756: 4686: 4567: 4541: 4492: 4419: 4370: 4322: 4207: 4194: 4185: 4080: 4071: 3931: 3922: 3860: 3851: 3811: 3742: 3733: 3513:Ingersoll, Ralph (1940). 3435:Lesser Poland voivodeship 3049:kehilalinks.jewishgen.org 2829:Historia języka polskiego 2548: 2452:T-V distinction in Polish 2435: 2405: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2360: 2351: 2330: 2306: 2300: 2279: 2218:(masculine and feminine) 2215: 2212: 2209: 405:or the more affectionate 199:were associated with the 150:is generally governed by 4709:Maiden and married names 3936:Administrative divisions 3226:Boswell, Alexander Bruce 3127:Boswell, Alexander Bruce 3090:Boswell, Alexander Bruce 2939:Zarębski, Rafał (2013). 2605:Pani Jadwiga Kwiatkowska 2105:Zarębina, new: Zarębowa 2020:ending in a vowel or in 1800:, after her marriage to 1670: 1062:. Some artists, such as 362:instead of just one. At 279:of pre-Christian origin. 6474:Cultural and historical 6196:Category:Lists of names 4135:Regional GDP per capita 3363:Minakowski, Marek Jerzy 2446:Formal and informal use 2055:Married woman or widow 1996:Married woman or widow 1879:Feminine only - plural 1872:Masculine only - plural 880:Roman naming convention 791:means "oak forest" and 18:Polish-language surname 6521:Sandomierz Voivodeship 6252:Coat of arms of Poland 5126:Eritrean and Ethiopian 4402:Orders and decorations 3324:"RADWAN alias WIRBOW." 3244:Dodd, Mead and Company 3187:"RADWAN alias WIRBOW." 3145:Dodd, Mead and Company 3108:Dodd, Mead and Company 2170:- (Wilkówne, Wilkowe) 2167:- (Wilkówna, Wilkowa) 1763:masculine and feminine 1109: 1060:Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski 737:for married women and 605:prepositional particle 378: 246: 6665:Slavic-language names 6056:Galton–Watson process 5661:Ancient Tamil country 5083:Australian Aboriginal 3212:LINEA FAMILIAE RADWAN 3013:Angela Adams (2010). 1861:Masculine (singular) 1322:nazwisko przezwiskowe 1095: 1082:Urząd Stanu Cywilnego 1056:Jan Nowak-Jeziorański 488:double-barrelled name 6589:Polish coats of arms 6481:Augustów Voivodeship 5823:Post-nominal letters 4942:Indigenous Taiwanese 4314:World Heritage Sites 3231:POLAND AND THE POLES 3154:called himself John 3132:POLAND AND THE POLES 3095:POLAND AND THE POLES 3071:William F. Hoffman, 2798:Slavic name suffixes 2456:Honorifics in Polish 1864:Feminine (singular) 1819:–> Przybylanka). 1600:improve this section 1504:nazwisko odmiejscowe 1453:, Kucharczyk – from 1124:is often changed to 1064:Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński 618:class, and even the 53:improve this article 6486:Chełmno Voivodeship 6395:Kuyavian-Pomeranian 6297:Gorzów Wielkopolski 6183:Surnames by country 5808:Pre-nominal letters 4865:Surnames by country 4054:Political prisoners 3604:"Polskie nazwiska." 3025:on October 29, 2013 2955:Stanisław Rospond, 2926:Zygmunt Solorz-Żak 2825:Zenon Klemensiewicz 2768:Family name affixes 1867:Neuter (singular), 1802:Janusz Jędrzejewicz 1660:– derived from Adam 1334:cognominal surnames 1260:, derived from and 1116:. For example, in 1072:to their surnames. 1066:, also added their 916: 904:Jan Jelita-Zamoyski 900:Jan Jelita Zamoyski 781:Radwan coat of arms 690:(plural feminine). 577:nobiliary particles 484:nazwisko panieńskie 6506:Kalisz Voivodeship 6046:Endonym and exonym 5989:Calendar of saints 5972:Related traditions 5746:Manners of address 5108:Sub-Saharan Africa 4529:Nobiliary particle 3583:The Saturday Paper 3398:Antoni Gąsiorowski 3286:Warsaw governorate 3019:ROCIC Publications 2905:on August 26, 2009 2727:Piłsudska", where 2127:Surname masculine 2119:regular declension 1838:-> Szeliżanka. 1834:-> Fertiżanka, 1644:nazwisko odimienne 1511:toponymic surnames 1500:Toponymic surnames 1318:cognominal surname 1148:may become simply 1052:Edward Rydz-Śmigły 914: 636:toponymic surnames 512:Zygmunt Solorz-Żak 6647: 6646: 6594:Polish heraldists 6564:Heraldic adoption 6491:Central Lithuania 6204: 6203: 6132:Personal identity 5967: 5966: 5674: 5673: 5615: 5563: 5562: 5524: 5517: 5510: 5468: 5449: 5442: 5435: 5428: 5376: 5347: 5340: 5333: 5326: 5228: 5221: 4916: 4909: 4902: 4895: 4687:By life situation 4640: 4448: 4447: 4415: 4414: 4337:Ethnic minorities 4181: 4180: 4067: 4066: 4020:Political parties 3966:Foreign relations 3918: 3917: 3847: 3846: 3803:Poland since 1989 3478:Gazeta Wrocławska 3298:Gebethner i Wolff 2965:978-83-01-13992-6 2773:History of Polish 2443: 2442: 2194: 2193: 2133:Surname feminine 2109: 2108: 2049:Father / husband 2041: 2040: 1990:Father / husband 1961: 1960: 1636: 1635: 1628: 1104:Polish RAF pilots 1023: 1022: 1009:nickname, Polish 964:or knights' clan 882:with the classic 858:heraldic adoption 774:heraldic adoption 612:common population 129: 128: 121: 103: 16:(Redirected from 6677: 6670:Names by country 6574:Test of Nobility 6460:Warmian-Masurian 6264: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6208: 6207: 6017:Anthropomorphism 5762: 5761: 5710:Buddhist surname 5611: 5520: 5513: 5506: 5466:Hispanic America 5464: 5445: 5438: 5431: 5424: 5372: 5343: 5336: 5331:African-American 5329: 5322: 5240: 5239: 5224: 5217: 5188:Ashkenazi Jewish 4993:and Western Asia 4958:and Central Asia 4912: 4905: 4898: 4891: 4870: 4869: 4731:Placeholder name 4636: 4580:Double-barrelled 4475: 4468: 4461: 4452: 4451: 4428: 4192: 4191: 4173: 4100:Economic history 4090:Balcerowicz Plan 4078: 4077: 3929: 3928: 3865:Cities and towns 3858: 3857: 3798:Communist Poland 3778: 3770: 3740: 3739: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3683: 3675: 3643: 3634: 3625: 3624: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3580: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3546: 3540: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3452: 3450: 3413: 3407: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3345: 3343: 3316: 3307: 3306: 3271: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3206: 3179: 3170: 3169: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3086: 3080: 3069: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2998: 2996: 2981: 2968: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2891: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2878: 2869:. Archived from 2859: 2853: 2846: 2840: 2822: 2204: 2203: 2178:Zięba ('finch') 2136:Plural feminine 2124: 2052:Unmarried woman 2046: 1993:Unmarried woman 1987: 1858: 1751: 1631: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1611: 1580: 1572: 1478:Krawczyk – from 1107: 917: 913: 894:/Clan name) and 548:Suffix -ski/-ska 524: 492:nazwisko złożone 457:pseudonim, ksywa 331:origin, such as 178:High Middle Ages 124: 117: 113: 110: 104: 102: 61: 37: 29: 21: 6685: 6684: 6680: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6643: 6634: 6608: 6551: 6545: 6501:Duchy of Czersk 6496:Congress Poland 6469: 6465:West Pomeranian 6376: 6265: 6256: 6240: 6238:Polish heraldry 6235: 6205: 6200: 6187: 6022:Personification 5995: 5963: 5849: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5737:Theophoric name 5670: 5575: 5559: 5473: 5381: 5299: 5261: 5238: 5167: 5155: 5102: 5069: 4992: 4984: 4957: 4951: 4863: 4857: 4752: 4719:Posthumous name 4682: 4563: 4537: 4488: 4479: 4449: 4444: 4431: 4424: 4411: 4366: 4318: 4284:Public holidays 4203: 4177: 4171: 4165:Venture capital 4063: 3993:Law enforcement 3914: 3900:Protected areas 3843: 3807: 3776: 3768: 3729: 3723: 3689: 3681: 3673: 3666:Slavic calendar 3661:Polish surnames 3652: 3647: 3646: 3635: 3628: 3622: 3617: 3613: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3573: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3547: 3543: 3528: 3524: 3511: 3507: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3472:Semik, Teresa. 3470: 3463: 3448: 3446: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3390: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3360: 3356: 3341: 3339: 3320:Okolski, Szymon 3317: 3310: 3269: 3260: 3256: 3246:. p. 109. 3223: 3219: 3204: 3202: 3183:Okolski, Szymon 3180: 3173: 3162:called himself 3147:. p. 109. 3124: 3120: 3110:. p. 109. 3087: 3083: 3070: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3011: 3007: 2994: 2992: 2983: 2982: 2971: 2954: 2950: 2937: 2933: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2908: 2906: 2893: 2892: 2885: 2876: 2874: 2867:Polish culture/ 2861: 2860: 2856: 2847: 2843: 2823: 2816: 2811: 2803:T–V distinction 2788:Polish heraldry 2759: 2713:Maria Piłsudska 2709: 2676: 2632: 2582: 2551: 2505: 2490: 2488:Formal language 2458: 2448: 2241: 2234: 2227: 2217: 2199: 2114: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1868: 1856: 1844: 1759: 1745: 1673: 1632: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1597: 1581: 1570: 1497: 1314: 1251: 1217:of the endings 1108: 1101: 1094: 1078: 912: 754: 550: 518: 468: 444:forms (Polish: 440:Alternatively, 309:Polish monarchs 263:Christian names 234: 197:-ska/-cka/-dzka 142:. The usage of 125: 114: 108: 105: 62: 60: 50: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6683: 6673: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6616: 6614: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6555: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6477: 6475: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6455:Świętokrzyskie 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6410:Lower Silesian 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6390:Greater Poland 6386: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6266: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6254: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6241: 6234: 6233: 6226: 6219: 6211: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6146: 6141: 6140: 6139: 6129: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6070: 6069: 6068: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6029: 6014: 6009: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5981: 5975: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5952:Ecclesiastical 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5865: 5859: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5844: 5843: 5830: 5820: 5810: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5801: 5799:Ecclesiastical 5791: 5786: 5781: 5770: 5768: 5759: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5688:Christian name 5684: 5682: 5676: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5583: 5581: 5578:Southeast Asia 5565: 5564: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5502:Eastern Slavic 5499: 5494: 5489: 5483: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5471: 5470: 5469: 5457: 5452: 5451: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5429: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5391: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5377: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5341: 5334: 5327: 5315: 5309: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5271: 5269: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5248: 5246: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5222: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5112: 5110: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5079: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4996: 4994: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4961: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4910: 4903: 4896: 4884: 4878: 4876: 4867: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4833: 4826: 4821: 4820: 4819: 4809: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4780: 4773: 4767: 4765: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4728: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4582: 4577: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4534: 4533: 4532: 4531: 4521: 4507: 4502: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4489: 4482:Personal names 4478: 4477: 4470: 4463: 4455: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4430: 4429: 4421: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4398: 4397: 4387: 4382: 4376: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4328: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4213: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4140:Stock exchange 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4059:Visegrád Group 4056: 4051: 4050: 4049: 4042:Prime Minister 4039: 4038: 4037: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4006: 4005: 4003:Prison Service 4000: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3946:Climate change 3943: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3895:Poland A and B 3892: 3890:National parks 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3788:Interwar years 3785: 3780: 3772: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3748: 3746: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3728: articles 3722: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3684: 3676: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3651: 3650:External links 3648: 3645: 3644: 3626: 3611: 3596: 3567: 3555:Elle Australia 3541: 3522: 3505: 3498:Dziennik Ustaw 3490: 3461: 3445:on 3 June 2017 3408: 3392:Janusz Bieniak 3384: 3354: 3308: 3294:RUSSIAN EMPIRE 3254: 3217: 3171: 3118: 3081: 3061: 3036: 3005: 2969: 2948: 2931: 2916: 2883: 2854: 2841: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2778:Name of Poland 2775: 2770: 2765: 2758: 2755: 2751:"secundo voto" 2708: 2705: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2675: 2672: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2607: 2606: 2603: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2504: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2466: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2366: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2312: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2238: 2231: 2224: 2220: 2219: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2161:Wilk ('wolf') 2158: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2039: 2038: 2029: 2024: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2006: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1910: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1870: 1865: 1862: 1855: 1852: 1843: 1840: 1758: 1757:Feminine forms 1755: 1754: 1753: 1718: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1661: 1634: 1633: 1584: 1582: 1575: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1551: 1542: 1533: 1524: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1476: 1465: 1458: 1444: 1443:(wheelwright). 1422: 1404: 1386: 1368: 1313: 1310: 1279: 1278: 1268: 1250: 1249:Classification 1247: 1208:Mia Wasikowska 1154:de Spichiñsqui 1099: 1093: 1090: 1077: 1076:Change of name 1074: 1047:noms de guerre 1021: 1020: 1007: 1004: 996: 995: 977: 974: 966: 965: 954: 949: 941: 940: 938: 935: 927: 926: 923: 921: 911: 908: 762:heraldic clans 758:social classes 753: 750: 549: 546: 467: 464: 281: 280: 274: 267:Biblical names 233: 230: 144:personal names 127: 126: 68:"Polish names" 41: 39: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6682: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6642: 6637: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6625:Landed gentry 6623: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6611: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6559:Heraldic clan 6557: 6556: 6554: 6548: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6472: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6450:Subcarpathian 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6400:Lesser Poland 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6263: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6232: 6227: 6225: 6220: 6218: 6213: 6212: 6209: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6190: 6184: 6181: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6002: 5998: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5732:Mandaean name 5730: 5726: 5723: 5722: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5693:Biblical name 5691: 5690: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5614: 5610: 5609: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5512: 5509: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5437: 5434: 5430: 5427: 5423: 5422: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5384: 5375: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5264: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5232: 5227: 5223: 5220: 5219:Ancient Greek 5216: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5166: 5165:North America 5162: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4956:Northern Asia 4954: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4890: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4860: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4807: 4806:Nom de guerre 4803: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4662: 4659: 4658: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4639: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4493:Personal name 4491: 4487: 4483: 4476: 4471: 4469: 4464: 4462: 4457: 4456: 4453: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4396: 4393: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4184: 4174: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4120:Merchant Navy 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3773: 3771: 3767:Early Modern 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3727: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3708: 3706: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3688: 3685: 3680: 3677: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3631: 3621:MoiKrewni.pl 3620: 3615: 3605: 3600: 3585:. No. 84 3584: 3579: 3571: 3556: 3552: 3545: 3539: 3538:0-9613512-1-7 3535: 3531: 3526: 3518: 3517: 3509: 3499: 3494: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3466: 3458: 3457: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3431:Kraków county 3428: 3425:(in Polish). 3424: 3423: 3418: 3412: 3405: 3401: 3399: 3393: 3388: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3351: 3350: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3328:Orbis Polonus 3325: 3321: 3315: 3313: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3270:(online book) 3268: 3264: 3258: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3236:New York City 3233: 3232: 3227: 3221: 3214: 3213: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3191:Orbis Polonus 3188: 3184: 3178: 3176: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3158:, Stephen of 3157: 3153: 3150:Thus John of 3146: 3142: 3138: 3137:New York City 3134: 3133: 3128: 3122: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3100:New York City 3097: 3096: 3091: 3085: 3078: 3074: 3068: 3066: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3009: 3002: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2967:. (in Polish) 2966: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2944: 2943: 2935: 2925: 2920: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2888: 2873:on 2011-09-30 2872: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2851: 2845: 2839:. (in Polish) 2838: 2837:83-01-06443-9 2834: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2819: 2814: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2734: 2732: 2726: 2723:Juszkiewicz, 2722: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2700: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2555: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2438: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2402: 2399: 2398:"Miejscownik" 2395: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2354: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2232: 2230: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2206: 2205: 2202: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2173:wilki, wilcy 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2044: 2037: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1878: 1871: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1851: 1849: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1788: 1782: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1717:or Niechciał. 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1674: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1630: 1627: 1619: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1585:This section 1583: 1579: 1574: 1573: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1490:(wood-turner) 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1437:Kołodziejczyk 1434: 1433:Kołodziejczak 1430: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1367:(blacksmith). 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1246: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1204:Ella Balinska 1201: 1196: 1194: 1193:Anna Kowalski 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1140:. Changes in 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1105: 1098: 1089: 1085: 1083: 1073: 1071: 1070: 1069:noms de plume 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1019: 1017: 1012: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1002: 998: 997: 994: 992: 986: 982: 978: 975: 973: 972: 968: 967: 963: 959: 955: 953: 950: 948: 947: 943: 942: 939: 936: 934: 933: 929: 928: 924: 922: 919: 918: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 876: 874: 870: 867: 864: 859: 855: 850: 848: 844: 840: 837:or nickname, 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 803: 798: 794: 790: 787:means "oak", 786: 782: 777: 775: 771: 770:coats of arms 767: 763: 759: 749: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 691: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 648: 645: 641: 637: 634:surnames, or 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 608: 606: 602: 601:Jan of Tarnów 598: 594: 590: 589: 584: 583: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 526: 522: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 475: 473: 463: 460: 458: 454: 449: 447: 443: 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 399: 395: 393: 387: 384: 380: 376: 372: 367: 365: 361: 360:patron saints 357: 352: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 297:St Stanislaus 294: 290: 286: 278: 275: 272: 271:saint's names 268: 264: 261: 260: 259: 256: 252: 250: 249: 244: 240: 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 210: 208: 207: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 183: 179: 174: 172: 168: 164: 160: 155: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 123: 120: 112: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: – 69: 65: 64:Find sources: 58: 54: 48: 47: 42:This article 40: 36: 31: 30: 27: 19: 6660:Polish names 6630:Polish names 6629: 6579:Skartabellat 6372:Zielona Góra 6171:Signum manus 6159:Royal cypher 6124: 6109:Nomen nescio 6107: 6103:Nomenclature 6098:Naming taboo 5910:Professional 5753:of authority 5703:Saint's name 5368:Scandinavian 4990:Muslim world 4828: 4804: 4775: 4627:Occupational 4486:anthroponymy 4385:Coat of arms 4324:Demographics 4274:Polish names 4273: 4244:Folk beliefs 4217:Architecture 4155:Unemployment 4095:Central bank 3971:Human rights 3951:Constitution 3793:World War II 3636: 3614: 3599: 3587:. Retrieved 3582: 3570: 3558:. Retrieved 3554: 3544: 3525: 3515: 3508: 3493: 3481:. Retrieved 3477: 3455: 3454: 3447:. Retrieved 3443:the original 3420: 3411: 3395: 3387: 3375:. Retrieved 3370: 3357: 3348: 3347: 3340:. Retrieved 3327: 3302: 3301: 3277: 3273: 3257: 3248: 3247: 3230: 3220: 3211: 3210: 3203:. Retrieved 3190: 3149: 3148: 3131: 3121: 3112: 3111: 3094: 3084: 3072: 3052:. Retrieved 3048: 3039: 3027:. Retrieved 3023:the original 3018: 3008: 3000: 2993:. Retrieved 2988: 2956: 2951: 2941: 2934: 2919: 2907:. Retrieved 2903:the original 2898: 2875:. Retrieved 2871:the original 2866: 2857: 2844: 2828: 2793:Slavic names 2783:Polish clans 2750: 2742: 2736: 2728: 2725:secundo voto 2724: 2720: 2716: 2710: 2701: 2697: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2668: 2664: 2649: 2637: 2633: 2625: 2608: 2597: 2592:Jan Kowalski 2590: 2587:Kowalski Jan 2586: 2583: 2567: 2556: 2552: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2459: 2418: 2397: 2373: 2370:Instrumental 2349:Kowalskiego 2343: 2328:Kowalskiemu 2325:Kowalskiemu 2319: 2304:Kowalskiego 2298:Kowalskiego 2293:"Dopełniacz" 2292: 2262: 2242: 2235: 2228: 2200: 2115: 2112:Plural forms 2042: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2013: 2008: 2002: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1902:Malinowskie 1896:Malinowskie 1847: 1845: 1827: 1823: 1821: 1810: 1804:, was named 1791: 1785: 1783: 1781:Polish ear. 1779: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1760: 1738: 1724: 1649:Examples of 1648: 1643: 1637: 1622: 1616:October 2017 1613: 1598:Please help 1586: 1509:Examples of 1508: 1503: 1498: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1472: 1468: 1461: 1454: 1440: 1429:Kołodziejski 1418: 1400: 1382: 1364: 1332:Examples of 1331: 1321: 1315: 1307: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1270: 1257: 1252: 1242: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1212: 1199: 1197: 1192: 1191:). The form 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1110: 1096: 1092:In diasporas 1086: 1081: 1079: 1068: 1046: 1039: 1030: 1024: 1013: 999: 991:Zebrzydowski 988: 969: 944: 930: 903: 899: 886:used by the 883: 877: 872: 865: 863:Jan Zamoyski 853: 851: 846: 842: 838: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 800: 792: 788: 784: 778: 765: 755: 747: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 692: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 649: 643: 639: 627: 626:suffix. The 623: 609: 596: 592: 586: 580: 572: 568: 561:Proto-Slavic 556: 552: 551: 527: 499: 491: 483: 476: 469: 461: 456: 450: 445: 442:augmentative 439: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 396: 388: 368: 364:confirmation 353: 282: 277:Slavic names 257: 253: 239:confirmation 235: 225: 211: 204: 196: 192: 188: 187:, including 181: 175: 166: 162: 158: 156: 132:Polish names 131: 130: 115: 106: 96: 89: 82: 75: 63: 51:Please help 46:verification 43: 26: 6144:Proper name 6066:Name change 5920:Educational 5898:Substantive 5837:decorations 5720:Jewish name 5715:Dharma name 5680:By religion 5345:Hongkongese 5170:Australasia 5010:Azerbaijani 4743:Regnal name 4724:Temple name 4554:Middle name 4542:By sequence 4519:Matrilineal 4515:Patrilineal 4357:Health care 4309:Video games 4249:Folk dances 4085:Agriculture 4025:Politicians 3824:Demographic 3783:World War I 3777:(1795–1918) 3769:(1569–1795) 3757:Middle Ages 3690:(in Polish) 3682:(in Polish) 3674:(in Polish) 3623:(in Polish) 3608:(in Polish) 3502:(in Polish) 2928:(in Polish) 2763:Family name 2719:Koplewska, 2679:formal the 2589:instead of 2409:Kowalskich 2406:Kowalskich 2403:Kowalskiej 2388:Kowalskimi 2385:Kowalskimi 2374:"Narzędnik" 2364:Kowalskich 2358:Kowalskich 2310:Kowalskich 2307:Kowalskich 2301:Kowalskiej 2263:"Mianownik" 1899:Malinowscy 1842:Neuter form 1746: [ 1664:Łukaszewski 983:within the 884:tria nomina 847:Jakub Żądło 766:ród herbowy 616:bourgeoisie 571:(feminine: 519: [ 480:maiden name 472:patrilineal 435:Virgin Mary 398:Diminutives 392:Middle Ages 289:St Adalbert 248:postrzyżyny 232:Given names 138:, and the 6654:Categories 6440:Pomeranian 6137:Identifier 6120:Onomastics 6061:Legal name 6041:Deadnaming 5937:Diplomatic 5893:Subsidiary 5888:Hereditary 5779:Diplomatic 5698:Papal name 5607:Indonesian 5573:South Asia 5569:Indosphere 5535:Macedonian 5508:Belarusian 5415:Portuguese 5257:Lithuanian 5151:Zimbabwean 4947:Vietnamese 4907:Generation 4874:East Asian 4862:By culture 4836:Stage name 4793:Hypocorism 4758:Pseudonyms 4748:Slave name 4699:Birth name 4651:Teknonymic 4632:Patronymic 4612:Matronymic 4575:Diminutive 4549:First name 4505:Given name 4500:Birth name 4304:Traditions 4254:Literature 4172:(currency) 4015:Parliament 3956:Corruption 3422:SlideShare 3242:, U.S.A.: 3143:, U.S.A.: 3106:, U.S.A.: 2877:2010-07-30 2809:References 2745:primo voto 2721:primo voto 2652:Vietnamese 2598:Examples: 2557:Examples: 2537:Examples: 2450:See also: 2436:Kowalskie 2430:Kowalskie 2382:Kowalskim 2379:Kowalskim 2361:Kowalskie 2355:Kowalskie 2340:Accusative 2334:Kowalskim 2331:Kowalskim 2320:"Celownik" 2280:Kowalskie 2274:Kowalskie 2259:Nominative 2247:Masculine 2226:Masculine 2153:Kowalskie 2076:Madejówna 2063:Nowakówna 1923:Zawadzkie 1917:Zawadzkie 1892:Malinowska 1887:Malinowski 1653:surnames: 1651:patronymic 1640:patronymic 1568:Patronymic 1536:Wrzesiński 1393:Nowakowski 1379:Młynarczyk 1361:Kowalewicz 1357:Kowalewski 1312:Cognominal 1293:(feminine 1271:adjectival 1146:Spiczyński 1042:resistance 976:Dąbrowski 888:Patricians 823:z Dąbrówki 815:z Dąbrówki 632:patronymic 538:Wiśniewski 446:zgrubienie 329:Lithuanian 305:St Casimir 176:Since the 136:given name 79:newspapers 6620:Sarmatism 6569:Indygenat 6536:Pomerania 6435:Podlaskie 6282:Bydgoszcz 6277:Białystok 6149:Signature 6036:Call sign 6012:Anonymity 5947:Religious 5873:Chivalric 5794:Religious 5789:Judiciary 5774:Honorific 5757:of honour 5656:Sinhalese 5646:Pakistani 5631:Malaysian 5626:Cambodian 5530:Kashubian 5522:Ukrainian 5487:Bulgarian 5426:Praenomen 5363:Icelandic 5234:Hungarian 5035:Pakistani 4970:Mongolian 4824:Ring name 4817:Heteronym 4783:Nicknames 4704:Code name 4656:Toponymic 4646:Sobriquet 4622:Mononymic 4617:Metonymic 4559:Last name 4362:Languages 4352:Education 4279:Name days 4150:Transport 4030:President 3983:Judiciary 3961:Elections 3885:Mountains 3853:Geography 3606:Zgapa.pl 2660:Icelandic 2439:Kowalscy 2433:Kowalscy 2427:Kowalska 2424:Kowalski 2352:Kowalską 2344:"Biernik" 2283:Kowalscy 2277:Kowalscy 2271:Kowalska 2268:Kowalski 2250:Feminine 2243:"nijakie" 2236:"żeńskie" 2210:Singular 2181:Ziębowie 2164:Wilkowie 2150:Kowalska 2147:Kowalscy 2144:Kowalski 2079:Madejowa 2066:Nowakowa 1940:Podgórne 1937:Podgórni 1934:Podgórne 1931:Podgórna 1928:Podgórny 1920:Zawadzcy 1699:Podsiadło 1691:Dopierała 1687:Napierała 1642:surname ( 1587:does not 1545:Krakowski 1527:Tarnowski 1518:Brodowski 1495:Toponymic 1451:Kucharski 1441:kołodziej 1425:Kołodziej 1411:Lisiewicz 1385:(miller). 1375:Młynarski 1353:Kowalczuk 1349:Kowalczyk 1316:A Polish 1275:adjective 1243:-ski/-ska 1027:townsfolk 1011:przydomek 932:Praenomen 819:Dąbrowski 807:patrimony 620:peasantry 508:Gąsienica 506:, where " 502:), e.g., 500:przydomek 383:birthdays 371:name days 325:Władysław 301:Kazimierz 293:Stanisław 226:-sky/-ský 152:civil law 109:July 2016 6641:Heraldry 6599:Szlachta 6552:heraldry 6516:Kociewie 6511:Kashubia 6445:Silesian 6425:Masovian 6382:Regional 6352:Szczecin 6302:Katowice 6245:National 6166:Khelrtva 6154:Monogram 6115:Misnomer 6093:Namesake 6027:National 5984:Name day 5942:Judicial 5932:Business 5925:Honorary 5915:Academic 5905:Military 5878:Courtesy 5863:Academic 5828:Academic 5818:Emeritus 5621:Javanese 5602:Filipino 5587:Balinese 5555:Suffixes 5492:Croatian 5455:Romanian 5440:Cognomen 5338:Canadian 5324:American 5305:Germanic 5290:Scottish 5208:Georgian 5198:Estonian 5183:Armenian 5178:Albanian 5136:Ghanaian 5093:Hawaiian 5030:Mandaean 4937:Okinawan 4922:Japanese 4893:Courtesy 4853:Username 4846:Mononyms 4812:Pen name 4798:Monarchs 4771:Art name 4714:Necronym 4694:Aptronym 4607:Eponymic 4568:By trait 4435:Category 4342:Refugees 4289:Religion 4010:Military 3924:Politics 3834:Military 3829:Economic 3819:Cultural 3812:By topic 3762:Monarchs 3744:Timeline 3639:, 1935, 3619:"Nowak." 3589:20 April 3560:20 April 3483:20 April 3336:Archived 3322:(1641). 3265:(1901). 3240:NEW YORK 3228:(1919). 3199:Archived 3185:(1641). 3156:Zamoyski 3141:NEW YORK 3129:(1919). 3104:NEW YORK 3092:(1919). 2757:See also 2656:Japanese 2419:"Wołacz" 2415:Vocative 2394:Locative 2289:Genitive 2233:Feminine 2229:"męskie" 2207:Number: 1913:Zawadzka 1908:Zawadzki 1817:Przybyła 1735:uprising 1722:disjunct 1711:Przybyło 1683:Przybyła 1679:Domagała 1658:Adamczyk 1558:Mazurski 1540:Września 1475:(potter) 1473:garncarz 1415:Lisowski 1345:Kowalski 1262:declined 1238:Cyrillic 1100:— 1031:burghers 1016:cognomen 971:Cognomen 925:Comment 896:cognomen 854:szlachta 835:cognomen 827:Dąbrówka 793:dąbrówka 764:(Polish 534:Kowalski 466:Surnames 453:nickname 379:imieniny 345:Vytautas 337:Algirdas 313:Bolesław 285:Wojciech 265:, i.e., 206:szlachta 203:(Polish 201:nobility 6613:Related 6541:Prussia 6526:Silesia 6367:Wrocław 6342:Rzeszów 6332:Olsztyn 6086:Surname 6007:Acronym 6000:Related 5979:Baptism 5613:Chinese 5597:Burmese 5592:Bengali 5545:Serbian 5515:Russian 5460:Spanish 5447:Agnomen 5410:Occitan 5405:Italian 5395:Catalan 5387:Romance 5374:Swedish 5318:English 5275:Cornish 5252:Latvian 5226:Cypriot 5203:Finnish 5116:Ashanti 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