664:
1257:, have reduced the attractiveness of paper mail for many applications. These modern alternatives have some advantages: in addition to their speed, they may be more secure, e.g., because the general public cannot learn the address of the sender or recipient from the envelope, and occasionally traditional items of mail may fail to arrive, e.g. due to vandalism to mailboxes, unfriendly pets, and adverse weather conditions. Mail carriers due to perceived hazards or inconveniences, may refuse, officially or otherwise, to deliver mail to a particular address (for instance, if there is no clear path to the door or mailbox). On the other hand, traditional mail avoids the possibility of computer malfunctions and
1368:
828:
4631:
933:
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and require affixing an adhesive stamp (though there have been some cases of a postal authority's issuing non-stamped postcards). Postcards are often printed to promote tourism, with pictures of resorts, tourist attractions or humorous messages on the front and allowing for a short message from the sender to be written on the back. The postage required for postcards is generally less than postage required for standard letters; however, certain technicalities such as their being oversized or having cut-outs, may result in payment of the first-class rate being required.
528:
1150:
513:, under the Ministry of Rites. During the Nguyen dynasty, official documents were transported by horse and other primitive means to stations built about 25-30 kilometers apart. In 1904, three wireless communication offices were established, and in early 1906 they were merged with the postal service to form the Post and Wireless Office. In 1945, after the August Revolution, the Post and Wireless Office was renamed the Post Office under the Ministry of Transportation. In 1955, the Post Office was upgraded to the Ministry of Post.
139:
1616:), third class (bulk advertisements), and fourth-class mail (books and media packages). First-Class Mail prices are based on both the shape and weight of the item being mailed. Pieces over 13 ounces can be sent as Priority Mail. As of 2011 42% of First-Class Mail arrived the next day, 27% in two days, and 31% in three. The USPS expected that changes to the service in 2012 would cause about 51% to arrive in two days and most of the rest in three. The Canada Post counterpart is Lettermail.
57:
4525:
809:
1049:
4537:
679:
1314:). There have been methods which have combined mail and some of these newer methods, such as temporary emails, that combine facsimile transmission with overnight delivery. These vehicles commonly use a mechanical or electro-mechanical standardised writing (typing), that on the one hand makes for more efficient communication, while on the other hand makes impossible characteristics and practices that traditionally were in conventional mail, such as
267:
1397:. In some cases, when demand greatly exceeds supply, their commercial value on this specific market may become enormously greater than face value, even after use. For some postal services the sale of stamps to collectors who will never use them is a significant source of revenue; for example, stamps from Tokelau, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, Tristan da Cunha, Niuafoʻou and many others. Stamp collecting is commonly known as
1728:
1680:) to be attached to the outside of envelopes and bulk mailings, afterwards extending the test for an unspecified period. The repositionable note may be fixed directly to the address side of First-Class Mail and Standard Mail letter-size mailpieces. These mailpieces must meet the standards in 7.2 through 7.6. The note is included as an integral part of the mailpiece for weight and postage rate and must be accounted for in pricing.
392:
1638:
4549:
1522:
882:
4157:
716:, taking advantage of a singular quality of this bird, which when taken far from its nest is able to find its way home due to a particularly developed sense of orientation. Messages were then tied around the legs of the pigeon, which was freed and could reach its original nest. By the 19th century, homing pigeons were used extensively for military communications.
1461:
984:
process of sending letter-like messages nearly instantaneous, and in many cases and situations correspondents use email where they previously would have used letters. The volume of paper mail sent through the U.S. Postal
Service has declined by more than 15% since its peak at 213 billion pieces per annum in 2006.
1408:, a document written on a single robust sheet of paper, usually decorated with photographic pictures or artistic drawings on one of the sides, and short messages on a small part of the other side, that also contained the space for the address. In strict philatelic usage, the postcard is to be distinguished from the
568:(1368 to 1644) sought a postal system to deliver mail quickly, securely, and cheaply. Adequate speed was always a problem, because of the slow overland transportation system, and underfunding. Its network had 1,936 posthouses every 60 li along major routes, with fresh horses available every 10 li between them. The
1975:
In
Australia, Canada, and the U.S., the term "mail" is commonly used for the postal system and for the letters, postcards, and parcels it carries; in New Zealand, "post" is more common for the postal system and "mail" for the material delivered; in the UK, "post" prevails in both senses. However, the
1161:
Documents should generally not be read by anyone other than the addressee; for example, in the United States of
America it is a violation of federal law for anyone other than the addressee and the government to open mail. There are exceptions however: executives often assign secretaries or assistants
1745:
Larger envelopes are also sent through the mail. These are often composed of a stronger material than standard envelopes and are often used by businesses to transport documents that may not be folded or damaged, such as legal documents and contracts. Due to their size, larger envelopes are sometimes
1703:
for new subscriptions. Inside many magazines are postage-paid subscription cards that a reader can fill out and mail back to the publishing company to be billed for a subscription to the magazine. In this fashion, magazines also use postcards for other purposes, including reader surveys, contests or
1695:
are small message cards that are sent by mail unenveloped; the distinction often, though not invariably and reliably, drawn between them is that "postal cards" are issued by the postal authority or entity with the "postal indicia" (or "stamp") preprinted on them, while postcards are privately issued
429:
were sometimes used as mail chariots in ancient India. Couriers were used militarily by kings and local rulers to deliver information through runners and other carriers. The postmaster, the head of the intelligence service, was responsible for ensuring the maintenance of the courier system. Couriers
456:
of 1837 provided that the
Governor-General of India in Council had the exclusive right of conveying letters by post for hire within the territories of the East India Company. The mails were available to certain officials without charge, which became a controversial privilege as the years passed. On
1555:
companies and other service providers. These letters often contain a self-addressed envelope that allows the receiver to remit payment back to the company easily. While still very common, many people now opt to use online bill payment services, which eliminate the need to receive bills through the
1547:
Handwritten correspondence, while once a major means of communications between distant people, is now used less frequently due to the advent of more immediate forms of communication, such as the telephone or email. Traditional letters, however, are often considered to hark back to a "simpler time"
1325:
from standard keyboards. However, the increased use of typewritten or computer-printed letters for personal communication and the advent of email have sparked renewed interest in calligraphy, as a letter has become more of a "special event". Long before email and computer-printed letters, however,
1228:
Mail sent to and from inmates in jails or prisons within the United States is subject to opening and review by jail or prison staff to determine if the mail has any criminal action dictated or provides means for an escape. The only mail that is not able to be read is attorney-client mail, which is
1083:
Before about the mid-nineteenth century, in regions where postal systems existed, the payment models varied, but most mail was sent unpaid requiring the recipient to pay the postage fee. In some regions a partial payment was made by the sender. Today, worldwide, the most common method of prepaying
983:
Modern mail is organized by national and privatized services, which are reciprocally connected by international regulations, organizations and international agreements. Paper letters and parcels can be sent to almost any country in the world relatively easily and cheaply. The
Internet has made the
378:
described the system in this way: "It is said that as many days as there are in the whole journey, so many are the men and horses that stand along the road, each horse and man at the interval of a day's journey; and these are stayed neither by snow nor rain nor heat nor darkness from accomplishing
1802:
of mail from the mail generator's computer directly to a Postal
Service provider. The Postal Service provider is then able to use electronic means to have the mail piece sorted, routed and physically produced at a site closest to the delivery point. It is a type of mail growing in popularity with
1134:
that it is no longer valid for pre-payment of postage. The exceptions are when the agent forgets or neglects to cancel the mailpiece, for stamps that are pre-cancelled and thus do not require cancellation and for, in most cases, metered mail. (The "personalized stamps" authorized by the USPS and
1115:
to be printed out on a PC printer, obviating the necessity to license a dedicated franking machine and allowing companies with smaller mail programs to make use of the option; this was later expanded to test the use of personalized postage. The service provided by the U.S. Postal
Service in 2003
1036:
in most other countries) in order to facilitate the automation of operations. This also includes placing additional marks on the address portion of the letter or mailed object, called "bar coding". Bar coding of mail for delivery is usually expressed either by a series of vertical bars, usually
798:, is often considered the first modern postal service in the world, which initiated a revolution in communication in Europe. The system combined contemporary technical and organization means to create a stable transcontinental service which was also the first to offer (fee-based) public access.
640:
The modern
Japanese system was developed in the mid-19th century, closely copying European models. Japan was highly innovative in developing the world's largest and most successful postal savings system and later a postal life insurance system as well. Postmasters play a key role in linking the
1749:
Packages are often sent through some postal services, usually requiring additional postage than an average letter or postcard. Many postal services have limitations as to what a package may or may not contain, usually placing limits or bans on perishable, hazardous or flammable materials. Some
1204:
There have been cases over the millennia of governments opening and copying or photographing the contents of private mail. Subject to the laws in the relevant jurisdiction, correspondence may be openly or covertly opened, or the contents determined via some other method, by the police or other
1224:
to and from soldiers is often subject to surveillance. The mail is censored to prevent leaking tactical secrets, such as troop movements or weather conditions. Depending on the country, civilian mail containing military secrets can also be monitored and censored.
1649:
Registered mail allows the location and in particular the correct delivery of a letter to be tracked. It is usually considerably more expensive than regular mail, and is typically used for valuable items. Registered mail is constantly tracked through the system.
1212:
The mail service may be allowed to open the mail if neither addressee nor sender can be located, in order to attempt to locate either. Mail service may also open the mail to inspect if it contains materials that are hazardous to transport or violate local laws.
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the task of handling their mail; and postcards do not require opening and can be read by anyone. For mail contained within an envelope, there are legal provisions in some jurisdictions allowing the recording of identities of sender and recipient.
572:
operated 1,785 posthouses throughout their lands. More efficient, however, was the system linking the international settlements, centered around
Shanghai and the Treaty ports. It was the main communication system for China's international trade.
903:
In the United
Kingdom, prior to 1840 letters were paid for by the recipient and the cost was determined by the distance from sender to recipient and the number of sheets of paper rather than by a countrywide flat rate with weight restrictions.
641:
Japanese political system to local politics. The postmasters are high prestige, and are often hereditary. To a large extent, the postal system generated the enormous funding necessary to rapidly industrialize Japan in the late 19th century.
616:
By the end of Kublai Khan's rule, there were more than 1400 postal stations in China alone, which in turn had at their disposal about 50,000 horses, 1,400 oxen, 6,700 mules, 400 carts, 6,000 boats, more than 200 dogs, and 1,150 sheep.
627:
Each station was maintained by up to twenty five families. Work for postal service counted as military service. The system was still operational in 18th century when 64 stations were required for a message to cross Mongolia from the
3106:"The Paris Hotel de la Poste / VB mansion, connecting point of the Post in the Bourbon territories and operated by the Pajot & Rouille family and the Post in the Habsburg territories operated by the Thurn & Taxis family"
564:(618 to 907 AD) operated a recorded 1,639 posthouses, including maritime offices, employing around 20,000 people. The system was administered by the Ministry of War and private correspondence was forbidden from the network. The
612:
but were also available for travelling officials, military men, and foreign dignitaries. These stations aided and facilitated the transport of foreign and domestic tribute specifically and the conduct of trade in general.
1619:
The British Royal Mail's 1st Class, as it is styled, is simply a priority option over 2nd Class, at a slightly higher cost. Royal Mail aims (but does not guarantee) to deliver all 1st Class letters the day after posting.
855:
847:, into real estate, most of it continuing to exist today. The Phone Book of the World has its roots in the long history of the avant-garde telecommunications family Thurn & Taxis. The directory is the result of
1353:, postal services in industrialized nations have seen a major shift to item shipping. This has been seen as a boost to the system's usage in the wake of lower paper mail volume due to the accessibility of email.
3398:
339:(722 BCE). Mail may not have been the primary mission of this postal service, however. The role of the system as an intelligence gathering apparatus is well documented, and the service was (later) called
777:
In 1716, Correos y Telégrafos was established in Spain as public mail service, available to all citizens. Delivery postmen were first employed in 1756 and post boxes were installed firstly in 1762.
88:. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a
4797:
1803:
some Post Office operations and individual businesses venturing into this market. In some countries, these services are available to print and deliver emails to those who are unable to receive
1608:
in the U.S. includes postcards, letters, large envelopes (flats), and small packages, providing each piece weighs 13 ounces (370 g) or less. Delivery is given priority over second-class (
1776:
are also sent through postal services. Many magazines are simply placed in the mail normally (but in the U.S., they are printed with a special bar code that acts as pre-paid postage – see
1784:
to protect the loose contents of the magazine. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, newspapers and magazines were normally posted using
1653:
Recorded mail is handled just like ordinary mail with the exception that it has to be signed for on receipt. This is useful for legal documents where proof of delivery is required.
1589:) and then send letters advertising their product or service to all recipients. Other times, commercial solicitations are sent by local companies advertising local products, like a
851:
transmitting PTT culture to a student and helping with the opening of a small Telephone Boutique next to a historic Postal mansion his ancestors used to go to centuries earlier.
1597:
store sending their weekly advertising circular to a general area. Bulk mail is also often sent to companies' existing subscriber bases, advertising new products or services.
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continue to use the Thurn & Taxis Post Horn in their company logo just like the global Phone Book of the World based in the old Postal mansion of King Louis XIV in Paris.
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The practice of communication by written documents carried by an intermediary from one person or place to another almost certainly dates back nearly to the invention of
3627:
4508:
4503:
4498:
2166:
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327:(550 BCE), who mandated that every province in his kingdom would organize reception and delivery of post to each of its citizens. Other writers credit his successor
1127:
Internet-based system, allowing printing on ordinary adhesive labels or envelopes. Similar systems are being considered by postal administrations around the world.
820:
For 500 years the postal business based in Brussels and in Frankfurt was passed from one generation to another. Following the abolition of the Empire in 1806, the
2378:
2548:
1548:
and are still used when someone wishes to be deliberate and thoughtful about their communication. An example would be a letter of sympathy to a bereaved person.
1412:, which has a pre-printed postage on the card. The fact that this communication is visible by other than the receiver often causes the messages to be written in
383:, although it uses the translation "Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds".
920:
as alternative ways of getting the sender to pay for the postage, at a time when prepayment was optional, which led to the invention of the postage stamp, the
2191:
Long-Distance Trade and Economy before and during the Age of Empires." Revolutionizing a World: From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East
293:
used couriers to send out decrees throughout the territory of the state (2400 BCE). The earliest surviving piece of mail is also Egyptian, dating to 255 BCE.
2497:
3218:
2111:
3280:
1585:, although it has other uses as well. The senders of these messages sometimes purchase lists of addresses (which are sometimes targeted towards certain
2653:
Lane J. Harris, "Stumbling towards empire: the Shanghai Local Post Office, the transnational British community and informal empire in China, 1863–97".
824:
system continued as a private organization into the postage stamp era before being absorbed into the postal system of the new German Empire after 1871.
123:
1096:
is a method of creating postage-prepaid envelopes under licence using a special machine. They are used by companies with large mail programs, such as
3508:
425:. The Mauryans developed early Indian mail service as well as public wells, rest houses, and other facilities for the public. Common chariots called
3163:
1664:. Under this legislation any document which its relevant law requires service by registered post can also be lawfully served by recorded delivery.
2449:
755:
system managed routes between the cities of Jerusalem, Ramla, Tyre, Ascalon, Damascus, Aleppo, and Fustat with year-round, regular mail delivery.
620:
The stations were 25 to 65 km (16 to 40 mi) apart and had reliable attendants working for the mail service. Foreign observers, such as
3339:
3938:
1567:
are sent to their owners through the mail. The card and number are usually mailed separately several days or weeks apart for security reasons.
844:
832:
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2250:
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When the pre-paid envelope or package is accepted into the mail by an agent of the postal service, the agent usually indicates by means of a
3758:
3192:
999:
The worldwide postal system constituting the individual national postal systems of the world's self-governing states is coordinated by the
2839:
Alvaro Escribano, Patricia González, and Julio Lasheras. "Evolution and Analysis of the Market Structure of Postal Services in Spain" in
1261:, and the recipient does not need to print it out if they wish to have a paper copy, though scanning is required to make a digital copy.
1068:, on 9 September 1911. Some methods of airmail proved ineffective, however, including the United States Postal Service's experiment with
813:
3653:
2904:
650:
448:
By the end of the 18th century, a postal system in India was in operation. Later this system underwent complete modernization when the
3427:
1056:
The ordinary mail service was improved in the 20th century with the use of planes for a quicker delivery. The world's first scheduled
3703:
1556:
mail. Paperwork for the confirmation of large financial transactions is often sent through the mail. Many tax documents are as well.
1321:
This epoch is undoubtedly mainly dominated by mechanical writing, with a general use of no more of half a dozen standard typographic
1045:. The "block of dots" method allows for the encoding of proof of payment of postage, exact routing for delivery, and other features.
3787:
3573:
180:
began to appear as a reference for a bag that contained letters: "bag full of letter" (1654). Over the next hundred years the word
107:(PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for
3524:
4456:
4387:
4141:
4091:
3361:
3302:
2133:
1536:
Letter-sized mail constitutes the bulk of the contents sent through most postal services. These are usually documents printed on
4035:
2795:
2072:
3081:"Thurn & Taxis pushing a comeback of Telecom activities in Paris, next to the last, still existing historic Postal mansion"
3449:
2285:
1419:
Letters are often studied as an example of literature, and also in biography in the case of a famous person. A portion of the
374:) would ride to the next post, whereupon he would swap his horse with a fresh one for maximum performance and delivery speed.
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3983:
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3821:
3678:
3039:
3005:
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2937:
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2207:
1186:
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3251:
2617:
2158:
445:
used mail service for espionage purposes thereby acquiring knowledge related to matters that took place at great distances.
160:, referring to a travelling bag or pack. It was spelled in that manner until the 17th century and is distinct from the word
4694:
2813:
Goldberg, Jessica, "Trade and Institutions in the Medieval Mediterranean : The Geniza Merchants and Their Business World".
2473:
608:, this system also covered the territory of China. Postal stations were used not only for the transmission and delivery of
2221:
4362:
2022:
1182:
549:, which would be the oldest mailing service in the world. The earliest credible system of couriers was initiated by the
4425:
4367:
4136:
3598:
2105:
655:
The postal service was one of Korea's first attempts at modernization. The Joseon Post Office was established in 1884.
3759:"Marketing 'Notes' Extended for Additional Year: U.S. Postal Service Governors Issue Decision on Repositionable Notes"
2593:
1264:
Physical mail is still widely used in business and personal communications for such reasons as legal requirements for
4131:
4121:
2898:
2751:
1359:
have emerged to give recipients a means of receiving traditional correspondence mail in a scanned electronic format.
1135:
manufactured by Zazzle and other companies are in fact a form of meter label and thus do not need to be cancelled.)
270:
Many early post systems consisted of fixed courier routes. Here, a post house on a postal route in the 19th century
4852:
4420:
2774:
1732:
789:
122:(UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a
3300:
Article 8(1): Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.
281:. However, the development of formal postal systems occurred much later. The first documented use of an organized
4649:
4478:
4126:
3215:
2095:
1564:
39:
3505:
3905:
3109:
3084:
905:
104:
17:
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3619:
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1950:
1821:
1492:
Numerous countries, including Sweden (1 January 1993), New Zealand (1998 and 2003), Germany (2005 and 2007),
792:
established a postal system in the Empire, appointing Franz von Taxis to run it. This system, originally the
501:. This service was reserved for government correspondence. Yet another service for citizens was later added.
4430:
3894:
3423:
2402:
1981:
1858:
1807:, such as the elderly or infirm. Services provided by Hybrid mail providers are closely related to that of
1673:
1473:
1209:(largely in the past, though there is apparently some continuance of their use today) opened extralegally.
1108:
858:
848:
228:
1750:
hazardous materials in limited quantities may be shipped with appropriate markings and packaging, like an
663:
4084:
1925:
1435:
to Christian congregations in various parts of the Roman Empire. See below for a list of famous letters.
1284:
1201:
control, with the mail and packages often surveyed and their contents sometimes edited out (or even in).
805:
family, then known as Tassis, had operated postal services between Italian city-states from 1290 onward.
43:
3155:
1758:
concerns, the U.S. Postal Service subjects their packages to numerous security tests, often scanning or
1075:
Receipt services were made available in order to grant the sender a confirmation of effective delivery.
4116:
1008:
839:
1867 July 1 the State of Prussia had to make a compensation payment of 3.000.000 Thalers reinvested by
331:(521 BCE). Other sources claim much earlier dates for an Assyrian postal system, with credit given to
4792:
4659:
4580:
4194:
3336:
2856:
Kommunikation und Konfrontation: Diplomatie und Gesandtschaftswesen Kaiser Maximilians I. (1486–1519)
1504:, this included (from 2003) its right to be the sole New Zealand postal administration member of the
1178:
992:
Some countries have organized their mail services as public limited liability corporations without a
840:
546:
1976:
British, American, Australian, and Canadian national postal services are called, respectively, the "
1088:
to be applied to the envelope before mailing; a much less common method is to use a postage-prepaid
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3480:
1170:
380:
3737:
2242:
854:
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4410:
4058:
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3062:
2720:
1893:
1827:
522:
412:
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3185:
2549:"70 năm Ngành Bưu điện Việt Nam: Thông tin liên lạc trong 9 năm kháng chiến chống thực dân Pháp"
870:
4468:
4077:
4043:
3134:
2246:
1888:
1505:
1367:
1174:
1166:
1000:
894:
794:
119:
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The postal system was important in the development of modern transportation. Railways carried
103:
Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a
4553:
3649:
2961:
2888:
2854:
1642:
1551:
Bills and invoices are often sent through the mail, like regular billing correspondence from
1469:
1311:
1287:". Occasionally, the term "white mail" has also been used as a neutral term for postal mail.
827:
35:
3419:
2790:
François L. Ganshof, "The impact of Charlemagne on the institutions of the Frankish realm".
975:
opened new business opportunities as people often get items bought online through the mail.
92:, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive
4857:
4573:
4269:
3872:
2695:
The people's post office: The history and politics of the Japanese postal system, 1871–2010
821:
336:
256:
to distinguish it from the quicker email. Various dates have been given for its first use.
3699:
2640:
Chelsea Zi Wang, "More Haste, Less Speed: Sources of Friction in the Ming Postal System".
1445:
tells a fictional story in the form of the correspondence between two or more characters.
8:
4865:
4189:
3783:
3557:
2574:"Dấu mốc ngành Bưu điện từ thời kháng chiến đến thời tách quản lý nhà nước và kinh doanh"
2281:
1905:
1850:
1799:
1785:
1541:
1449:
1131:
945:
932:
913:
527:
89:
1375:
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4341:
4310:
4156:
3932:
3814:
Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India
3535:
2213:
1883:
1711:
to their members with a message to be signed and sent to a politician (e.g. to promote
1480:. Different mailboxes are also provided for local and express service. (The USPS has a
1356:
1065:
909:
898:
786:
510:
328:
3832:
1275:, which is almost always much faster, the postal system has come to be referred to in
4680:
4610:
4146:
3979:
3960:
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3817:
3565:
3035:
3001:
2967:
2933:
2894:
2860:
2747:
2271:
Herodotus, Herodotus, trans. A.D. Godley, vol. 4, book 8, verse 98, pp. 96–97 (1924).
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2101:
2064:
1833:
1465:
1217:
1149:
1144:
972:
964:
705:, for the name of the towers built to protect the roads by which couriers travelled.
701:
442:
379:
their appointed course with all speed". The verse prominently features on New York's
363:
3457:
1268:, requirements of etiquette, and the requirement to enclose small physical objects.
4687:
4529:
4463:
4295:
4174:
4017:
2195:
1997:
1878:
1716:
1582:
1578:
1501:
1477:
1440:
1390:
1003:, which among other things sets international postage rates, defines standards for
808:
731:
85:
81:
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From Thurn & Taxis to Phone Book of the World - 7 centuries of Telecom History
3674:
3247:
3131:"Phone Book of the World using the Thurn & Taxis Posthorn in the company logo"
1731:
This antique "letter-box" style U.S. mailbox is both on display and in use at the
952:
became the transport of choice for inter-continental mail. Postmen started to use
421:(322–185 BCE) stimulated sustained development of civil infrastructure in ancient
4827:
4300:
4244:
3912:
A Concise History of the French Post Office: From Its Origins to the Present Time
3343:
3284:
3222:
3029:
2802:
2778:
2725:
1945:
1808:
1632:
802:
771:
629:
481:
476:
466:
438:
399:
adhesive stamps to signify the prepayment of postage began on 1 July 1852 in the
324:
108:
47:
1205:
authorities in some cases relating to a suspected criminal conspiracy, although
1111:
authorised the first tests of a secure system of sending digital franks via the
315:
The first credible claim for the development of a real postal system comes from
4720:
4264:
4108:
3558:"Handwritten Notes Are a Rare Commodity. They're Also More Important Than Ever"
2217:
2189:
1985:
1838:
1552:
1481:
1276:
993:
968:
418:
316:
151:
127:
2010:
4880:
4776:
4735:
4715:
4615:
4473:
4415:
4331:
4254:
4249:
4224:
3876:
3569:
3512:
1677:
1537:
1420:
1382:
1346:
1229:
covered under the attorney-client confidentiality laws in the United States.
1221:
1085:
1042:
1004:
917:
866:
816:(1681–1739), still today part of the logo of the Whitepages in many countries
709:
609:
597:
543:
371:
367:
344:
306:
138:
97:
93:
56:
4822:
4010:
3594:
2498:"Công tác thông tin liên lạc từ sau Cách mạng tháng 8 năm 1945 đến năm 1954"
2199:
1060:
post service took place in the United Kingdom between the London suburbs of
963:
came to change the conditions for physical mail. Email (and in recent years
592:
582:
407:
district, as part of a comprehensive reform of the district's postal system.
4847:
4842:
4837:
4756:
4377:
4326:
4305:
4290:
1915:
1868:
1739:
1586:
1560:
1525:
1428:
1350:
1327:
1206:
1194:
912:
and prepayment. In his proposal, Hill also called for official pre-printed
740:
601:
587:
569:
565:
561:
184:
began to be applied strictly to the letters themselves and the sack as the
4069:
3186:"USPS volume report by The Boston Consulting Group on USPS public website"
2425:"Lịch sử Bưu điện Việt Nam: Hành trình từ thời Nguyễn đến thời Pháp thuộc"
2403:"Lịch sử Bưu điện Việt Nam: Hành trình từ thời Nguyễn đến thời Pháp thuộc"
2379:"Lịch sử Bưu điện Việt Nam: Hành trình từ thời Nguyễn đến thời Pháp thuộc"
2354:"Lịch sử Bưu điện Việt Nam: Hành trình từ thời Nguyễn đến thời Pháp thuộc"
1508:, thus the ending of its monopoly on stamps bearing the name New Zealand.
1294:
has combined electronic and paper delivery. Electronic mechanisms include
1048:
4832:
4771:
4766:
4725:
4259:
4239:
4219:
4214:
3999:
3920:
1993:
1989:
1955:
1940:
1930:
1791:
1688:
1623:
In Austria priority delivery mail is called Prio, in Switzerland A-Post.
1409:
1315:
1299:
1291:
1101:
1069:
1032:
921:
886:
759:
719:
713:
678:
605:
550:
539:
449:
434:
396:
232:
2771:
391:
4817:
4761:
4372:
4336:
4199:
1977:
1910:
1844:
1781:
1769:
1712:
1641:
Multi-franked registered mail from Crete using Greek stamps during the
1590:
1386:
1190:
1120:
1116:
allows the franks to be printed out on special adhesive-backed labels.
953:
621:
509:
In 1802, the first Vietnamese postal service was established under the
490:
302:
220:
201:
1762:
packages for materials that might be found in biological materials or
457:
this basis the Indian Post Office was established on October 1, 1837.
266:
4707:
4451:
4234:
4179:
3902:
Spreading the News: The American Postal System from Franklin to Morse
3105:
3080:
2740:
Silverstein, Adam (2006). "Post, or Barid". In Meri, Josef W. (ed.).
1763:
1755:
1708:
1676:
introduced a test allowing "repositionable notes" (for example, 3M's
1609:
1570:
1500:
opened up the postal services market to new entrants. In the case of
1493:
1398:
1331:
1265:
1242:
1238:
1014:
In most countries a system of codes has been created (referred to as
767:
554:
538:
Some Chinese sources claim mail or postal systems dating back to the
375:
332:
248:, short for "electronic mail", first appeared in the 1970s. The term
2929:
The Holy Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]
2743:
Medieval Islamic Civilization, An Encyclopedia, Volume 2: L–Z, Index
1727:
1165:
The privacy of correspondence is guaranteed by the constitutions of
668:
4751:
4229:
4209:
4184:
4023:
3248:"United States Code: Title 18, 1702. Obstruction of correspondence"
1935:
1920:
1773:
1700:
1692:
1613:
1405:
1401:, although strictly the latter term refers to the study of stamps.
1335:
1322:
1295:
1280:
1112:
1093:
1089:
1016:
960:
949:
770:, and churches. The best organization, however, was created by the
590:
installed an empire-wide messenger and postal station system named
352:
320:
310:
253:
112:
77:
4054:
2859:(in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 98, 99.
1448:
A makeshift mail method after stranding on a deserted island is a
4596:
4446:
4392:
4285:
1777:
1637:
1574:
1529:
1432:
1258:
1198:
1057:
1038:
1026:
937:
722:
extended to the whole territory of his empire the system used by
683:
290:
282:
278:
271:
61:
3250:. Legal Information Institute of Cornell University Law School.
2282:"First Issues Collectors Club of stamps and philatelic material"
1544:(8.5×11 inches), or smaller paper and placed in envelopes.
967:
sites) became a fierce competitor to physical mail systems, but
155:
3723:
for example documents served under The Law of Property Act 1925
3456:. United States Embassy, Bulgaria. 25 June 1990. Archived from
1795:
1594:
1413:
1189:. The control of the contents inside private citizens' mail is
1061:
758:
Many religious orders had a private mail service. Notably, the
744:
723:
695:
672:
624:, have attested to the efficiency of this early postal system.
400:
348:
204:
2826:
Marco Mostert, "New approaches to medieval communication?" in
2522:
2450:"70 năm truyền thống của Ngành Bưu điện: Những dấu ấn lịch sử"
2187:
1521:
1157:
for unsticking of envelopes during correspondence surveillance
881:
3812:
Aiyangar, Sakkottai Krishnaswami; S. Krishnaswami A. (2004).
1873:
1804:
1759:
1751:
1497:
1424:
1394:
1307:
1272:
1254:
1246:
763:
690:
531:
493:, a parallel service was established with two-wheeled carts (
422:
404:
356:
286:
244:
210:
31:
2841:
Competitive Transformation of the Postal and Delivery Sector
1460:
3063:"Thurn and Taxis postal system European history Britannica"
2594:"Ngành TT&TT: Tiếp bước cội nguồn - Khởi tạo tương lai"
1342:
1097:
727:
498:
472:
192:
to refer to letters being sent abroad (i.e. on a ship) and
176:
is the Irish term for a bag. In the 17th century, the word
161:
4565:
3811:
3734:"Postal Service Helps Businesses "Stick" to their Message"
2890:
Digital Communication: Communication, Multimedia, Security
2708:
Beyond Our Means: Why America Spends While the World Saves
1153:"The Steamboat" – mobile steaming equipment used by Czech
27:
System for transporting documents and other small packages
4028:
3031:
Alphabet to Internet: Mediated Communication in Our Lives
1656:
In the United Kingdom recorded delivery mail (branded as
1593:
delivery service advertising to their delivery area or a
1303:
1250:
1154:
343:, a term that in time came to indicate a tax system. The
285:
service for the dissemination of written documents is in
209:, which ultimately stems from the past participle of the
3848:
Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction
3845:
1532:, Portugal (1st class mail in blue and 2nd class in red)
747:, Egypt wrote about using a postal service known as the
1577:, and processing at reduced rates. It is often used in
3925:
Encyclopedia of British Empire Postage Stamps (v. III)
3481:"How Did Mail Art Develop into a Global Art Movement?"
2997:
History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders
956:. The handling of mail became increasingly automated.
417:
The economic growth and political stability under the
4063:
2893:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 31.
2721:"Korea's first modern postal service started in 1884"
2297:
First Issues Collectors Club (retrieved 25 September)
1290:
Mainly during the 20th century, experimentation with
1193:
and concerns social, political, and legal aspects of
471:
The first well-documented postal service was that of
3954:
3130:
2926:
Pavlac, Brian A.; Lott, Elizabeth S. (1 June 2019).
2746:. Leiden and New York: Routledge. pp. 631–632.
1645:
to Egypt in 1914 showing numbered registration label
1573:
is mail that is prepared for bulk mailing, often by
1232:
908:
reformed the postal system based on the concepts of
689:
Another important postal service was created in the
553:(206 BCE – 220 CE), who had relay stations every 30
196:
to refer to letters for domestic delivery. The word
2618:"Lịch sử 70 năm phát triển của ngành GTVT Việt Nam"
739:In the mid-11th century, flax traders known as the
2994:Rossum, Gerhard Dohrn-van; Dohrn, Gerhard (1996).
2959:
2000:" are found throughout the English-speaking world.
927:
188:. In the 19th century, the British typically used
3391:"A Blind Spot in Attorney-Client Confidentiality"
2474:"Kỷ niệm 75 năm Ngày truyền thống ngành Bưu điện"
1464:In the United States, private companies, such as
1197:. International mail and packages are subject to
359:, used couriers for communicating his decisions.
4878:
3487:. Widewalls Modern & Contemporary Art Source
2194:. University College London Press. p. 177.
2038:, G. & C. Merriam Company, 1963, pp. 662–63.
452:established its control over most of India. The
3291:, January 17, 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
2966:. Princeton University Press. pp. 46, 47.
2681:Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World
2478:Trang Tin Điện Tử Đảng Bộ Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh
2094:Radden, Günter; Dirven, René (1 January 2007).
1626:
323:) attributes the invention to the Persian King
3620:"Postal service cuts mean slower mail in 2012"
845:Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
833:Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
4581:
4085:
3955:Mote, Frederick W.; John K. Fairbank (1998).
2546:
1683:
667:An example of a main post office building in
534:4-cent on 100-dollar silver overprint of 1949
3919:
3525:"Frycklund, Jonas "Private Mail in Sweden",
3362:"History comes to life with censored covers"
3000:. University of Chicago Press. p. 336.
2655:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
2093:
430:were also used to deliver personal letters.
219:'to lay down or place'. So in the U.K., the
165:
4099:
3976:Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India
3846:Dorn, Harold; MacClellan, James E. (2006).
3612:
3337:CIA Intelligence Collection About Americans
2993:
2960:Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara (11 May 2021).
2739:
2678:
2036:Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary
814:Anselm Franz, 2nd Prince of Thurn and Taxis
214:
171:
4588:
4574:
4092:
4078:
3948:The Imperial Post Offices of British India
3937:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3420:"Significant Years in U.S. Postal History"
2925:
2886:
2766:Carter W. Clarke, "Signal Corps Pigeons".
859:Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn & Taxis
849:Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn & Taxis
843:, daughter-in-law of the last postmaster,
651:Postage stamps and postal history of Korea
3273:
3271:
3269:
2553:Tạp chí điện tử Thông tin và Truyền thông
2188:Altaweel, Mark; Andrea Squitieri (2018).
1341:In the 2000s (decade) with the advent of
1138:
479:(62 BCE – 14 CE), the service was called
3945:
3885:. London: John Murray. pp. 288–317.
2887:Meinel, Christoph; Sack, Harald (2014).
2828:New approaches to medieval communication
2134:"Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country"
2100:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 4.
1742:are usually less than 2 kg (4 lb).
1726:
1636:
1520:
1472:, compete with the federal government's
1459:
1385:are also object of a particular form of
1366:
1148:
1047:
931:
880:
853:
826:
807:
762:had one which connected more than 6,000
730:and connected this service with that of
677:
662:
526:
489:) pulled by fast horses. By the time of
390:
265:
137:
76:is a system for physically transporting
55:
4024:The British Postal Museum & Archive
3555:
3160:The British Postal Museum & Archive
2665:
2663:
1992:"; in addition, such fixed phrases as "
1667:
1662:The Recorded Delivery Services Act 1962
861:(1926–1990), heir of the Postal fortune
485:and was provided with light carriages (
14:
4879:
3973:
3891:The history of the British post office
3871:
3866:Royal Mail: The Post Office Since 1840
3830:
3266:
3254:from the original on September 4, 2010
2963:The Holy Roman Empire: A Short History
2907:from the original on 26 September 2021
2852:
1722:
370:), whence the message carrier (called
351:, VIII) makes mention of this system:
4569:
4073:
3430:from the original on 27 February 2015
3356:
3354:
3352:
3303:"European Convention on Human Rights"
2062:
2021:(Unabridged (v 1.1) ed.). 2007.
1187:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1123:in the United Kingdom introduced its
1024:in the United Kingdom and Australia,
366:system worked using stations (called
4548:
4038:British Army Postal Services History
3166:from the original on 22 January 2023
3027:
2660:
2520:
2253:from the original on 10 January 2022
2063:Bauer, Patricia (31 December 2018).
1754:label. Additionally, as a result of
865:Several European Post Carriers like
4363:Mail Isolation Control and Tracking
3630:from the original on 8 October 2013
3278:Back when spies played by the rules
2853:Metzig, Gregor (21 November 2016).
2169:from the original on April 14, 2023
1404:Another form of collecting regards
1183:European Convention on Human Rights
24:
4368:Multiline Optical Character Reader
4155:
4014:(First U.S. street mailbox patent)
3850:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
3805:
3478:
3349:
3216:First Class Mail Volume, 1926–2010
2165:. November 22, 1968. p. NY3.
2114:from the original on 14 April 2023
2075:from the original on 12 March 2017
780:
699:Mu'awiyya; the service was called
227:, while in North America both the
164:. The French have a similar word,
25:
4898:
3993:
3893:(Harvard University Press, 1912)
1660:by the Royal Mail) is covered by
1237:Modern alternatives, such as the
1233:Rise of electronic correspondence
1084:postage is by buying an adhesive
889:, the world's first postage stamp
876:
557:(about 15km) along major routes.
4629:
4547:
4536:
4535:
4523:
3974:Prasad, Prakash Chandra (2003).
3878:"Imperial Postal Services"
3784:"Cut-Out Postcard – Postage Due"
3626:. Associated Press. 2011-12-05.
3235:Fifty Years of British Air Mails
2422:
2351:
2052:. Oxford University Press. 2019.
2025:from the original on 2007-02-19.
1733:Smithsonian Institution Building
1707:Postcards are sometimes sent by
1485:
658:
576:
296:
170:, for a trunk or large box, and
4457:most expensive philatelic items
3950:. Calcutta: Phila Publications.
3868:(Athlone, 1985), Great Britain.
3790:from the original on 2006-03-09
3776:
3751:
3726:
3717:
3706:from the original on 2022-05-29
3692:
3681:from the original on 2018-04-23
3667:
3656:from the original on 2018-04-23
3642:
3601:from the original on 2011-10-15
3587:
3576:from the original on 2019-05-29
3549:
3517:
3499:
3472:
3442:
3412:
3401:from the original on 2022-07-01
3383:
3372:from the original on 2022-10-28
3330:
3315:from the original on 2009-01-04
3294:
3240:
3227:
3209:
3198:from the original on 2015-10-25
3178:
3156:"Rowland Hill's Postal Reforms"
3148:
3137:from the original on 2021-10-17
3123:
3112:from the original on 2021-02-27
3098:
3087:from the original on 2021-02-27
3073:
3055:
3021:
2987:
2953:
2919:
2880:
2846:
2833:
2820:
2807:
2784:
2760:
2733:
2713:
2700:
2687:
2672:
2647:
2634:
2610:
2586:
2566:
2540:
2514:
2490:
2466:
2442:
2416:
2395:
2371:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2288:from the original on 2012-09-04
2274:
2265:
2235:
2224:from the original on 2022-01-21
2140:from the original on 2023-04-14
1900:Components of a postal system:
1780:), but many are now shipped in
1565:personal identification numbers
1455:
1041:coding or a block of dots as a
987:
928:Modern transport and technology
105:postal, telegraph and telephone
100:is also used for bulk mailing.
40:Postal service (disambiguation)
4066:, a part of the United Nations
3959:. Cambridge University Press.
3957:The Cambridge History of China
3816:. Asian Educational Services.
2181:
2151:
2126:
2087:
2056:
2041:
2029:
2003:
1969:
1600:
978:
13:
1:
3946:Mazumdar, Mohini Lal (1990).
3910:Le Roux, Muriel, et al. eds.
3839:Institute of European History
3233:Baldwin, N. C. (1960), p. 5,
2843:(Springer, 2003) pp. 287–309.
1822:Category Postal organizations
1362:
1334:formed part of the medium of
1310:, and short message service (
319:. The best-documented claim (
3761:. 2007-07-06. Archived from
3736:. 2005-04-05. Archived from
3556:Coleman, John (2013-04-05).
3424:United States Postal Service
3034:. Rada Press. p. 2008.
2547:ictvietnam.vn (2015-11-03).
1982:United States Postal Service
1859:United States Postal Service
1746:charged additional postage.
1674:United States Postal Service
1627:Registered and recorded mail
1488:and Standard Mail delivery.)
1474:United States Postal Service
841:Helene von Thurn & Taxis
835:(1802–1871), last Postmaster
708:By 3000 BC, Egypt was using
142:Mail envelope (back to back)
133:
111:and handle applications for
64:collecting mail for delivery
7:
4595:
4490:List of entities that have
4230:Post box / Mailbox
4055:U.S. National Postal Museum
1814:
1794:, sometimes referred to as
1699:Postcards are also used by
1438:A style of writing, called
1181:, and is alluded to in the
1052:An automated postal machine
1009:international reply coupons
1007:and operates the system of
948:. During the 20th century,
475:. Organized at the time of
44:Snail Mail (disambiguation)
10:
4903:
4117:Timeline of postal history
3889:Hemmeon, Joseph Clarence.
3883:The Empire and the century
2815:Cambridge University Press
2679:Weatherford, Jack (2004).
1684:Postal cards and postcards
1630:
1516:
1142:
1078:
892:
648:
580:
520:
504:
464:
410:
300:
259:
29:
4810:
4793:American Air Mail Society
4785:
4744:
4706:
4642:
4627:
4603:
4517:
4489:
4439:
4426:Postal systems by country
4401:
4350:
4319:
4278:
4195:Information-Based Indicia
4167:
4153:
4107:
3834:Humanistic Letter-Writing
2932:. ABC-CLIO. p. 255.
2521:Trần, Lành (2021-08-15).
2177:– via Google Books.
2122:– via Google Books.
2097:Cognitive English Grammar
4403:Institutions and systems
4358:Intelligent Mail barcode
4311:Surface Air Lifted (SAL)
3978:. Abhinav Publications.
3700:"Comparison of services"
3028:Fang, Irving E. (2008).
2693:Patricia L. Maclachlan,
1962:
1563:and their corresponding
1511:
1502:New Zealand Post Limited
1393:has been a very popular
644:
635:
516:
386:
381:James Farley Post Office
4101:Mail and postal systems
4059:Smithsonian Institution
4001:A Hundred Years by Post
3562:Harvard Business Review
2770:25.140 (1933): 133–138
2200:10.2307/j.ctt21c4td4.10
2069:Encyclopedia Britannica
1894:List of postal entities
1828:Deutsche Post DHL Group
1043:two-dimensional barcode
940:flight in Germany, 1912
682:Delivery by bicycle in
523:Postal history of China
460:
413:Postal history of India
205:
156:
4479:Philatelic terminology
4161:
4142:Pan-American countries
4064:Universal Postal Union
4044:London Review of Books
4036:Royal Engineers Museum
3831:Almási, Gábor (2010).
3529:Vol. 13, No. 1 (1993)"
3346:(400 KB download)
3237:, Francis J.Field Ltd.
2247:Universal Postal Union
1889:Universal Postal Union
1788:with a stamp imprint.
1736:
1704:information requests.
1646:
1533:
1506:Universal Postal Union
1489:
1379:
1158:
1139:Privacy and censorship
1053:
1020:in the United States,
1001:Universal Postal Union
941:
895:Uniform Fourpenny Post
890:
862:
836:
817:
795:Kaiserliche Reichspost
686:
675:
535:
408:
274:
215:
172:
166:
143:
120:Universal Postal Union
65:
4853:Humber-Sommer biplane
4492:issued postage stamps
4159:
4049:In the Sorting Office
2768:The Military Engineer
2657:46.3 (2018): 418–445.
2136:. 1843. p. 662.
1730:
1640:
1631:Further information:
1524:
1463:
1370:
1326:decorated envelopes,
1152:
1051:
935:
884:
857:
830:
811:
681:
666:
530:
394:
269:
141:
59:
36:Mail (disambiguation)
4530:Philately portal
4270:Variable value stamp
4160:Envelope for mailing
3460:on 19 September 2015
2644:40.2 (2019): 89–140.
2523:"Nhật Minh Expresss"
2243:"About UPU: History"
1800:electronic lodgement
1668:Repositionable notes
1271:Since the advent of
1216:While in most cases
946:railway post offices
871:Österreichische Post
822:Thurn-und-Taxis Post
454:Post Office Act XVII
30:For other uses, see
4636:Curtis "Jenny" JN-4
3873:Heaton, J. Henniker
3786:. Members.aol.com.
3395:www.americanbar.org
2794:40.1 (1965): 47–62
2642:Late Imperial China
1906:Fire sign (address)
1851:Post Office Limited
1811:service providers.
1723:Other mail services
1540:(210×297 mm),
1476:, particularly for
1450:message in a bottle
1427:is composed of the
1357:Online post offices
1109:U.S. Postal Service
441:(1399–1947) of the
229:U.S. Postal Service
90:government monopoly
4731:First flight cover
4643:Specific countries
4383:Package forwarding
4342:Postmaster General
4162:
4137:Oceanian countries
4132:European countries
3595:"First-Class Mail"
3342:2008-12-27 at the
3283:2007-03-11 at the
3221:2012-01-14 at the
3067:www.britannica.com
2817:, (2012): 189–193.
2801:2020-07-27 at the
2777:2020-02-29 at the
2333:Aiyangar 2004: 302
2249:. 2 October 2013.
1884:Shipping insurance
1824:, examples being:
1737:
1647:
1534:
1490:
1380:
1159:
1066:Windsor, Berkshire
1054:
942:
899:Uniform Penny Post
891:
863:
837:
818:
787:Holy Roman Emperor
687:
676:
536:
409:
329:Darius I of Persia
275:
144:
124:Specialized Agency
66:
4874:
4873:
4801:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4681:Air Mail Facility
4655:
4637:
4611:Airmail etiquette
4563:
4562:
4147:Postal censorship
4122:African countries
4047:, 28 April 2011,
4004:by J. Wilson Hyde
3985:978-81-7017-053-2
3966:978-0-521-24333-9
3900:John, Richard R.
3857:978-0-8018-8359-0
3823:978-0-8018-8359-0
3506:City Mail, Sweden
3041:978-1-933011-90-5
3007:978-0-226-15511-1
2973:978-0-691-21731-4
2939:978-1-4408-4856-8
2866:978-3-11-045673-8
2830:(1999) pp. 15–37.
2710:(2012) pp 143–67.
2209:978-1-911576-65-5
1834:La Poste (France)
1643:Union with Greece
1528:on the island of
1345:and other online
1145:Postal censorship
973:Internet shopping
965:social networking
443:Kingdom of Mysore
16:(Redirected from
4894:
4799:
4693:
4688:Air Mail scandal
4686:
4679:
4653:
4635:
4633:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4567:
4566:
4551:
4550:
4539:
4538:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4464:Stamp collecting
4296:Package delivery
4175:Advertising mail
4094:
4087:
4080:
4071:
4070:
4057:, a part of the
4018:US patent office
4013:
4007:Potts, Albert, "
3989:
3970:
3951:
3942:
3936:
3928:
3886:
3880:
3861:
3842:
3827:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3534:. Archived from
3533:
3521:
3515:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3366:Linns Stamp News
3358:
3347:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3314:
3307:
3298:
3292:
3275:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3244:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3197:
3190:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2850:
2844:
2837:
2831:
2824:
2818:
2811:
2805:
2788:
2782:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2717:
2711:
2704:
2698:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2324:Mazumdar 1990: 1
2322:
2316:
2315:Prasad 2003: 104
2313:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2007:
2001:
1973:
1879:Parcel (package)
1717:third world debt
1606:First-Class Mail
1583:advertising mail
1579:direct marketing
1478:package delivery
1391:Stamp collecting
1376:François Barraud
1220:is exceptional,
906:Sir Rowland Hill
218:
208:
200:is derived from
175:
169:
159:
109:savings accounts
21:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4828:Boeing Model 40
4806:
4781:
4740:
4702:
4638:
4634:
4625:
4599:
4594:
4564:
4559:
4524:
4522:
4513:
4491:
4485:
4435:
4421:Postal services
4411:Postal entities
4404:
4397:
4346:
4315:
4274:
4245:Post office box
4163:
4151:
4127:Asian countries
4103:
4098:
4009:
3996:
3986:
3967:
3930:
3929:
3864:Daunton, M. J.
3858:
3824:
3808:
3806:Further reading
3803:
3802:
3793:
3791:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3768:
3766:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3743:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3709:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3684:
3682:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3659:
3657:
3652:. Canada Post.
3648:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3604:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3579:
3577:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3479:Kordic, Angie.
3477:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3404:
3402:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3375:
3373:
3360:
3359:
3350:
3344:Wayback Machine
3335:
3331:
3325:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3285:Wayback Machine
3276:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3232:
3228:
3223:Wayback Machine
3214:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3090:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2901:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2851:
2847:
2838:
2834:
2825:
2821:
2812:
2808:
2803:Wayback Machine
2789:
2785:
2779:Wayback Machine
2765:
2761:
2754:
2738:
2734:
2726:The Korea Times
2719:
2718:
2714:
2706:Sheldon Garon,
2705:
2701:
2692:
2688:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2661:
2652:
2648:
2639:
2635:
2626:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2558:
2556:
2555:(in Vietnamese)
2545:
2541:
2532:
2530:
2529:(in Vietnamese)
2519:
2515:
2506:
2504:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2482:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2458:
2456:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2432:
2431:(in Vietnamese)
2429:VietNamNet News
2421:
2417:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2387:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2361:
2360:(in Vietnamese)
2358:VietNamNet News
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2225:
2218:j.ctt21c4td4.10
2210:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2108:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2065:"Ray Tomlinson"
2061:
2057:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1946:Post-office box
1898:
1817:
1809:mail forwarding
1725:
1719:cancellation).
1686:
1670:
1635:
1633:Registered mail
1629:
1603:
1519:
1514:
1458:
1372:Le Philateliste
1365:
1235:
1218:mail censorship
1147:
1141:
1081:
1030:in Ireland and
990:
981:
969:online auctions
930:
901:
879:
803:Thurn und Taxis
783:
781:Thurn und Taxis
772:Knights Templar
743:Merchants from
661:
653:
647:
638:
630:Altai Mountains
585:
579:
525:
519:
507:
482:cursus publicus
477:Augustus Caesar
469:
467:cursus publicus
463:
439:Wodeyar dynasty
415:
395:The use of the
389:
335:(1700 BCE) and
325:Cyrus the Great
313:
301:Main articles:
299:
262:
150:comes from the
136:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4900:
4890:
4889:
4887:Postal systems
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4721:Astrophilately
4718:
4712:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4650:Berlin Airlift
4646:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4593:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4570:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4545:
4533:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4469:notable stamps
4461:
4460:
4459:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4416:Postal museums
4413:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4265:Postal marking
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4097:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4061:
4052:
4039:
4033:
4026:
4021:
4005:
3995:
3994:External links
3992:
3991:
3990:
3984:
3971:
3965:
3952:
3943:
3916:
3915:
3908:
3898:
3887:
3869:
3862:
3856:
3843:
3828:
3822:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3775:
3750:
3725:
3716:
3702:. Swiss Post.
3691:
3677:. Royal Mail.
3675:"Sending Mail"
3666:
3641:
3611:
3586:
3548:
3541:on 2007-01-29.
3516:
3511:2005-07-30 at
3498:
3471:
3454:Postal Matters
3441:
3411:
3382:
3348:
3329:
3293:
3265:
3239:
3226:
3208:
3177:
3147:
3122:
3097:
3072:
3054:
3040:
3020:
3006:
2986:
2972:
2952:
2938:
2918:
2899:
2879:
2865:
2845:
2832:
2819:
2806:
2783:
2759:
2752:
2732:
2712:
2699:
2697:(Brill, 2012).
2686:
2671:
2669:Mote 1978: 450
2659:
2646:
2633:
2609:
2598:lamdong.gov.vn
2585:
2565:
2539:
2513:
2489:
2465:
2454:dangcongsan.vn
2441:
2415:
2394:
2383:lamdong.gov.vn
2370:
2344:
2342:Lowe 1951: 134
2335:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2306:Dorn 2006: 145
2299:
2273:
2264:
2234:
2208:
2180:
2150:
2125:
2107:978-1556196638
2106:
2086:
2055:
2048:"email, n.2".
2040:
2028:
2019:Dictionary.com
2002:
1986:Australia Post
1967:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1842:
1839:Poste Italiane
1836:
1831:
1816:
1813:
1724:
1721:
1685:
1682:
1669:
1666:
1628:
1625:
1602:
1599:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1482:legal monopoly
1457:
1454:
1383:Postage stamps
1364:
1361:
1277:Internet slang
1234:
1231:
1207:black chambers
1143:Main article:
1140:
1137:
1080:
1077:
1005:postage stamps
994:legal monopoly
989:
986:
980:
977:
929:
926:
918:postage stamps
878:
877:Postal reforms
875:
782:
779:
733:missi dominici
710:homing pigeons
660:
657:
649:Main article:
646:
643:
637:
634:
581:Main article:
578:
575:
521:Main article:
518:
515:
511:Nguyen dynasty
506:
503:
465:Main article:
462:
459:
419:Mauryan Empire
411:Main article:
388:
385:
317:Ancient Persia
298:
295:
261:
258:
152:Middle English
135:
132:
128:United Nations
26:
18:Postal service
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4899:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4860:Graf Zeppelin
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:Organizations
4784:
4778:
4777:Zeppelin mail
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4736:Postage stamp
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4716:Aerophilately
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4675:United States
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4632:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4616:Airmail stamp
4614:
4612:
4609:
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3765:on 2007-07-11
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1740:Small packets
1734:
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1421:New Testament
1417:
1415:
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1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
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1373:
1369:
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1354:
1352:
1351:online stores
1348:
1347:auction sites
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:rubber stamps
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:, facsimile (
1301:
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1222:military mail
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1128:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:In 1998, the
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:postage stamp
1076:
1073:
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1067:
1063:
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947:
939:
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925:
923:
919:
916:and adhesive
915:
911:
910:penny postage
907:
900:
896:
888:
883:
874:
872:
868:
867:Deutsche Post
860:
856:
852:
850:
846:
842:
834:
829:
825:
823:
815:
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804:
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769:
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750:
746:
742:
737:
735:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
715:
711:
706:
704:
703:
698:
697:
693:world by the
692:
685:
680:
674:
670:
665:
659:Other systems
656:
652:
642:
633:
631:
625:
623:
618:
614:
611:
610:official mail
607:
603:
600:. During the
599:
598:Mongol Empire
595:
594:
589:
584:
577:Mongol Empire
574:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
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398:
393:
384:
382:
377:
373:
369:
368:Chapar-Khaneh
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:Old Testament
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
312:
308:
307:Chapar-Khaneh
304:
297:Persia (Iran)
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
273:
268:
264:
257:
255:
251:
247:
246:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:delivers the
222:
217:
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168:
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110:
106:
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99:
98:postage meter
95:
94:postage stamp
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
63:
58:
52:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4859:
4848:Douglas O-38
4843:Douglas DC-4
4838:Curtiss JN-4
4757:Balloon mail
4620:
4552:
4540:
4521:
4431:Trade unions
4378:Mail sorting
4327:Mail carrier
4204:
4100:
4042:
4041:James Meek,
4029:
4008:
4000:
3975:
3956:
3947:
3924:
3921:Lowe, Robson
3911:
3901:
3890:
3882:
3865:
3847:
3833:
3813:
3792:. Retrieved
3778:
3767:. Retrieved
3763:the original
3753:
3742:. Retrieved
3738:the original
3728:
3719:
3708:. Retrieved
3694:
3683:. Retrieved
3669:
3658:. Retrieved
3650:"Lettermail"
3644:
3632:. Retrieved
3623:
3614:
3603:. Retrieved
3589:
3578:. Retrieved
3561:
3551:
3536:the original
3527:Cato Journal
3526:
3519:
3501:
3489:. Retrieved
3484:
3474:
3462:. Retrieved
3458:the original
3453:
3444:
3432:. Retrieved
3414:
3403:. Retrieved
3394:
3385:
3374:. Retrieved
3365:
3332:
3317:. Retrieved
3296:
3288:
3256:. Retrieved
3242:
3234:
3229:
3211:
3200:. Retrieved
3180:
3168:. Retrieved
3159:
3150:
3139:. Retrieved
3125:
3114:. Retrieved
3100:
3089:. Retrieved
3075:
3066:
3057:
3045:. Retrieved
3030:
3023:
3011:. Retrieved
2996:
2989:
2977:. Retrieved
2962:
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2928:
2921:
2911:20 September
2909:. Retrieved
2889:
2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2855:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2827:
2822:
2814:
2809:
2791:
2786:
2767:
2762:
2742:
2735:
2724:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2694:
2689:
2680:
2674:
2654:
2649:
2641:
2636:
2625:. Retrieved
2621:
2612:
2601:. Retrieved
2597:
2588:
2577:. Retrieved
2568:
2557:. Retrieved
2552:
2542:
2531:. Retrieved
2527:thanhnien.vn
2526:
2516:
2505:. Retrieved
2501:
2492:
2481:. Retrieved
2477:
2468:
2457:. Retrieved
2453:
2444:
2433:. Retrieved
2428:
2423:Tran, Lanh.
2418:
2407:. Retrieved
2405:. 2022-08-25
2397:
2386:. Retrieved
2382:
2373:
2362:. Retrieved
2357:
2352:Tran, Lanh.
2347:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2290:. Retrieved
2276:
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2237:
2226:. Retrieved
2190:
2183:
2171:. Retrieved
2162:
2159:"Snail Mail"
2153:
2142:. Retrieved
2128:
2116:. Retrieved
2096:
2089:
2077:. Retrieved
2068:
2058:
2049:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2018:
2012:
2005:
1971:
1951:Postage rate
1916:Mail carrier
1899:
1869:Express mail
1790:
1768:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1706:
1698:
1689:Postal cards
1687:
1671:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1622:
1618:
1605:
1604:
1587:demographics
1569:
1561:credit cards
1558:
1550:
1546:
1542:Letter-sized
1535:
1526:Pillar boxes
1491:
1456:Deregulation
1447:
1439:
1437:
1429:Apostle Paul
1418:
1403:
1381:
1371:
1355:
1340:
1320:
1289:
1270:
1263:
1236:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1195:civil rights
1164:
1160:
1132:cancellation
1129:
1124:
1119:In 2004 the
1118:
1106:
1082:
1074:
1055:
1033:postal codes
1031:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1013:
998:
991:
988:Organization
982:
958:
943:
902:
864:
838:
819:
800:
793:
790:Maximilian I
784:
776:
757:
752:
748:
741:Cairo Geniza
738:
732:
726:in northern
718:
707:
700:
694:
688:
654:
639:
626:
619:
615:
602:Yuan dynasty
591:
588:Genghis Khan
586:
566:Ming dynasty
562:Tang dynasty
559:
537:
508:
497:) pulled by
494:
486:
480:
470:
453:
447:
432:
426:
416:
361:
340:
314:
276:
263:
249:
243:
241:
236:
235:deliver the
224:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
147:
145:
117:
102:
73:
69:
67:
48:
4833:Boeing P-12
4811:Conveyances
4772:Rocket mail
4767:Pigeon post
4726:Crash cover
4260:Postal code
4240:Post office
4215:Meter stamp
3013:24 February
2979:24 February
1994:post office
1990:Canada Post
1956:Postal code
1941:Post office
1931:Packstation
1792:Hybrid mail
1601:First-Class
1486:First Class
1410:postal card
1316:calligraphy
1292:hybrid mail
1104:companies.
1102:direct mail
1070:rocket mail
979:Modern mail
954:mail trucks
922:Penny Black
887:Penny Black
831:Postmaster
812:Postmaster
768:monasteries
760:Cistercians
720:Charlemagne
714:pigeon post
606:Kublai Khan
596:within the
551:Han dynasty
450:British Raj
435:South India
397:Scinde Dawk
233:Canada Post
4823:Blériot XI
4818:Airco DH.4
4762:Mail plane
4474:catalogues
4373:Mail cover
4351:Processing
4337:Postmaster
4301:Registered
4200:Letter box
4168:Components
3794:2008-10-24
3769:2007-07-17
3744:2007-07-17
3710:2022-05-31
3685:2018-04-22
3660:2018-04-22
3605:2009-01-09
3580:2019-05-29
3450:"Treaties"
3405:2022-07-01
3376:2022-10-28
3319:2007-01-18
3202:2019-09-02
3170:22 January
3141:2022-01-12
3116:2022-01-12
3091:2022-01-12
2945:7 February
2872:7 February
2627:2023-12-28
2603:2023-12-28
2579:2023-12-28
2559:2023-12-28
2533:2023-12-28
2507:2023-12-28
2483:2023-12-28
2459:2023-12-28
2435:2023-12-28
2409:2023-12-28
2388:2023-12-28
2364:2023-12-28
2292:2007-07-28
2257:10 January
2228:2022-01-21
2144:2016-02-16
2079:22 January
2050:OED Online
1978:Royal Mail
1926:Mail train
1911:Letter box
1847:, British
1845:Royal Mail
1782:shrinkwrap
1770:Newspapers
1764:mail bombs
1713:fair trade
1658:signed for
1610:newspapers
1591:restaurant
1581:and other
1575:presorting
1441:epistolary
1387:collecting
1363:Collecting
1332:artistamps
1285:snail mail
1266:signatures
1191:censorship
1125:SmartStamp
1121:Royal Mail
936:The first
893:See also:
632:to China.
622:Marco Polo
491:Diocletian
355:, king of
303:Royal Road
250:snail mail
221:Royal Mail
202:Old French
4708:Philately
4452:Philately
4235:Relay box
4180:Bulk mail
3933:cite book
3927:. London.
3837:. Mainz:
3570:0017-8012
3485:Widewalls
2622:mt.gov.vn
1998:junk mail
1853:, British
1830:, Germany
1798:, is the
1774:magazines
1756:terrorism
1709:charities
1701:magazines
1693:postcards
1614:magazines
1571:Bulk mail
1494:Argentina
1406:postcards
1399:philately
1251:facsimile
1243:telephone
1239:telegraph
1179:Venezuela
1022:postcodes
1017:ZIP codes
914:envelopes
785:In 1505,
547:dynasties
376:Herodotus
353:Ahasuerus
337:Sargon II
333:Hammurabi
242:The term
146:The word
134:Etymology
113:passports
78:postcards
4881:Category
4752:Aerogram
4542:Category
4279:Delivery
4210:Mail bag
4185:Envelope
4011:US19,578
3923:(1951).
3875:(1905).
3788:Archived
3704:Archived
3679:Archived
3654:Archived
3628:Archived
3624:CBS News
3599:Archived
3597:. USPS.
3574:Archived
3509:Archived
3428:Archived
3426:. 2015.
3399:Archived
3370:Archived
3340:Archived
3310:Archived
3281:Archived
3252:Archived
3219:Archived
3193:Archived
3164:Archived
3135:Archived
3110:Archived
3085:Archived
3047:14 March
2905:Archived
2799:Archived
2796:Online .
2792:Speculum
2775:Archived
2286:Archived
2251:Archived
2222:Archived
2173:March 1,
2167:Archived
2138:Archived
2118:March 1,
2112:Archived
2073:Archived
2023:Archived
1988:", and "
1980:", the "
1936:Post box
1921:Mail bag
1815:See also
1786:wrappers
1760:x-raying
1433:epistles
1336:mail art
1296:telegram
1281:retronym
1185:and the
1171:Colombia
1113:Internet
1094:Franking
1090:envelope
1079:Payment
1027:eircodes
961:Internet
950:air mail
341:angariae
321:Xenophon
311:Angarium
291:Pharaohs
289:, where
254:retronym
96:, but a
4866:more...
4858:LZ 127
4745:Methods
4670:Ireland
4660:Denmark
4654:Germany
4604:General
4597:Airmail
4554:Commons
4447:Courier
4440:Related
4393:POSTNET
4306:Surface
4291:Express
4286:Airmail
4190:Indicia
4109:History
4051:, 33(9)
3906:excerpt
3904:(1995)
3491:24 June
2011:"mail,
1841:, Italy
1778:POSTNET
1553:utility
1530:Madeira
1517:Letters
1423:of the
1279:by the
1259:malware
1199:customs
1058:airmail
1039:POSTNET
1037:called
938:airmail
749:kutubi.
691:Islamic
684:Germany
505:Vietnam
364:Persian
283:courier
279:writing
272:Finland
260:History
186:mailbag
126:of the
86:parcels
82:letters
62:postman
51:(album)
49:Postage
4800:French
4798:FISA (
4695:Stamps
4665:Greece
4388:PLANET
4220:Parcel
4020:. 1858
3982:
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3914:(2018)
3895:online
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3634:8 July
3568:
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3464:13 May
3434:13 May
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2772:Online
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1796:L-mail
1595:retail
1414:jargon
1378:(1929)
1253:, and
1175:Brazil
1167:Mexico
1062:Hendon
764:abbeys
753:kutubi
745:Fustat
724:Franks
696:caliph
673:Poland
669:Kraków
604:under
495:birotæ
437:, the
427:Dagana
401:Scinde
372:Chapar
349:Esther
309:, and
216:ponere
84:, and
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4320:Staff
3539:(PDF)
3532:(PDF)
3313:(PDF)
3306:(PDF)
3196:(PDF)
3189:(PDF)
2214:JSTOR
1963:Notes
1874:EPPML
1805:email
1752:ORM-D
1512:Types
1498:Chile
1466:FedEx
1425:Bible
1395:hobby
1323:fonts
1308:email
1300:telex
1273:email
1255:email
1247:telex
1098:banks
702:barid
645:Korea
636:Japan
593:Örtöö
583:Örtöö
544:Shang
532:China
517:China
487:rhedæ
423:India
405:Sindh
387:India
357:Medes
287:Egypt
252:is a
245:email
213:verb
211:Latin
206:poste
167:malle
154:word
32:Email
4621:Mail
4205:Mail
3980:ISBN
3961:ISBN
3939:link
3852:ISBN
3818:ISBN
3636:2013
3566:ISSN
3493:2023
3466:2015
3436:2015
3260:2010
3172:2023
3049:2022
3036:ISBN
3015:2022
3002:ISBN
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2968:ISBN
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2934:ISBN
2913:2021
2895:ISBN
2874:2022
2861:ISBN
2748:ISBN
2259:2022
2204:ISBN
2175:2017
2163:Life
2120:2017
2102:ISBN
2081:2020
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1820:See
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1691:and
1672:The
1612:and
1559:New
1496:and
1468:and
1349:and
1343:eBay
1330:and
1177:and
1100:and
1064:and
971:and
959:The
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885:The
801:The
751:The
728:Gaul
712:for
570:Qing
560:The
499:oxen
473:Rome
461:Rome
362:The
237:mail
231:and
225:post
198:Post
194:post
190:mail
182:mail
178:mail
173:mála
162:male
157:male
148:mail
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4504:F–L
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