960:, without meeting the strict definition. Many pene-exclaves partially border the sea or another body of water, which comprises their own territorial waters (i.e., they are not surrounded by other nations' territorial waters). They border their own territorial waters in addition to a land border with another country, and hence they are not true exclaves. Still, one cannot travel to them on land without going through another country. Attribution of a pene-enclave status to a territory can sometimes be disputed, depending on whether the territory is considered to be practically inaccessible from the mainland or not.
55:
969:
647:
565:(attached to C and also bounded by water that only touches C's territorial water). Although A2 is an exclave of A, it cannot be classed as an enclave because it shares borders with B and C. The territory A3 is both an exclave of A and an enclave from the viewpoint of B. The singular territory D, although an enclave, is not an exclave.
419:(to close with a key). Originally, it was a term of property law that denoted the situation of a land or parcel of land surrounded by land owned by a different owner, and that could not be reached for its exploitation in a practical and sufficient manner without crossing the surrounding land. In law, this created a
434:
Later, the term enclave began to be used also to refer to parcels of countries, counties, fiefs, communes, towns, parishes, etc. that were surrounded by alien territory. This French word eventually entered
English and other languages to denote the same concept, although local terms have continued to
374:
is a part of the territory of one country that can be conveniently approached â in particular, by wheeled traffic â only through the territory of another country. Pene-exclaves are also called functional exclaves or practical exclaves. Many pene-exclaves partially border their own territorial waters
599:
The definition of a territory comprises both land territory and territorial waters. In the case of enclaves in territorial waters, they are called maritime (those surrounded by territorial sea) or lacustrine (if in a lake) enclaves. Most of the true national-level enclaves now existing are in Asia
861:
also border only one foreign state, but they are not enclosed in the geographical, political, or economic sense. They have vast access to international waters. At the same time, there are states that, although in possession of sea access, are still enclosed by the territories of a foreign state."
513:
Residing in an enclave within another country has often involved difficulties in such areas as passage rights, importing goods, currency, provision of utilities and health services, and host nation cooperation. Thus, over time, enclaves have tended to be eliminated. For example, two-thirds of the
60:
Different territories (countries, states, counties, municipalities, etc.) are represented by different colours and letters; separated parts of the same territory are represented by the same colour and letter, with a different number added to each smaller part of that territory (the main part is
940:
Pene-enclaves are also called functional enclaves or practical enclaves. They can exhibit continuity of state territory across territorial waters but, nevertheless, a discontinuity on land, such as in the case of Point
Roberts. Along rivers that change course, pene-enclaves can be observed as
941:
complexes comprising many small pene-enclaves. A pene-enclave can also exist entirely on land, such as when intervening mountains render a territory, although geographically attached, inaccessible from other parts of a country except through alien territory. A commonly cited example is the
505:
in Europe, the ownership of feudal domains was often transferred or partitioned, either through purchase and sale or through inheritance, and often such domains were or came to be surrounded by other domains. In particular, this state of affairs persisted into the 19th century in the
1020:, or as another form of sanction. The same seems to be possible in profit-driven moving or drilling under any of the sites below, providing safeguards as the structure or a new replacement site. The same possible curtailments and alterations never apply to proper exclaves.
1430:
states, "Contiguous territories of states which for all regular commercial and administrative purposes can be reached only through the territory of other states are called pene-enclaves (pene-exclaves). These have virtually the same characteristics as complete enclaves
1016:, including giving warnings, the enforced reduction of scope of a foreign embassy has always been a possibility, even to the point of expelling the foreign embassy entirely, usually on a breakdown of relations, in reaction to extreme actions such as
316:
is a portion of a state or district geographically separated from the main part, by some surrounding alien territory. Many exclaves are also enclaves, but not all: an exclave surrounded by the territory of more than one state is not an enclave. The
522:
implemented a Land
Boundary Agreement that exchanged 162 first-order enclaves (111 Indian and 51 Bangladeshi). This exchange thus effectively removed another two dozen second-order enclaves and one third-order enclave, eliminating 197 of the
600:
and Europe. While subnational enclaves are numerous the world over, there are only a few national-level true enclaves in Africa, Australia and the
Americas (each such enclave being surrounded by the territorial waters of another country).
351:), would otherwise be enclaves or exclaves. Semi-enclaves and enclaves are mutually exclusive. Likewise, semi-exclaves and exclaves are mutually exclusive. Enclaves and semi-enclaves can exist as independent states (
1011:
enjoy many different legal statuses approaching quasi-sovereignty, depending on the agreements reached and in practice upheld from time-to-time by host nations. Subject to hosts adhering to basic due process of
383:. A pene-exclave can also exist entirely on land, such as when intervening mountains render a territory inaccessible from other parts of a country except through alien territory. A commonly cited example is the
980:
One or more parcels/holdings of land in most countries is owned by other countries. Most instances are exempt from taxes. In the special case of embassies/consulates these enjoy special privileges driven by
928:
was defined in
Robinson (1959) as "parts of the territory of one country that can be approached conveniently â in particular by wheeled traffic â only through the territory of another country." Thus, a
580:
An enclave is a part of the territory of a state that is enclosed within the territory of another state. To distinguish the parts of a state entirely enclosed in a single other state, they are called
435:
be used. In India, the word "pocket" is often used as a synonym for enclave (such as "the pockets of
Puducherry district"). In British administrative history, subnational enclaves were usually called
989:, such as being exempt from major hindrances and host-country arrests in ordinary times on the premises. Most non-embassy lands in such ownership are also not enclaves as they fall legally short of
833:
are areas that, except for possessing an unsurrounded sea border, would otherwise be enclaves or exclaves. Semi-enclaves can exist as independent states that border only one other state, such as
510:, and these domains (principalities, etc.) exhibited many of the characteristics of sovereign states. Prior to 1866 Prussia alone consisted of more than 270 discontiguous pieces of territory.
949:, Austria, that is only accessible from Germany to the north, being separated from the rest of Austria by high mountains traversed by no roads. Another example is the Spanish village of
933:, although having land borders, is not completely surrounded by the other's land or territorial waters. Catudal (1974) and Vinokurov (2007) further elaborate upon examples, including
906:
Sometimes, administrative divisions of a country, for historical or practical reasons, caused some areas to belong to one division while being attached to another. Examples include:
285:
is sometimes used improperly to denote a territory that is only partly surrounded by another state. Enclaves that are not part of a larger territory are not exclaves, for example
997:
in criminal matters is more likely than elsewhere, assuming the perpetrator is found in the prosecuting authority's homeland. Devoid of permanent residents, formally defined new
3364:
1588:
1343:
A right possessed by one person with respect to another's property, consisting either of a right to use the other's property, or a power to prevent certain uses of it
937:. "Although physical connections by water with Point Roberts are entirely within the sovereignty of the United States, land access is only possible through Canada."
3344:
993:, they are subject to alike court jurisdiction as before their grant/sale in most matters. Nonetheless, for a person's offence against the property itself,
1357:
1094:
588:
called this the restrictive definition of "enclave" given by international law, which thus "comprises only so-called 'true enclaves'". Two examples are
1104:
1952:
1581:
2002:
74:(A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5): it is impossible to go from the main part of A to any of these parts going only through territory of A; however:
3359:
1381:
As can be seen on 18th century maps of
Germany and other European countries by British cartographers and publishers such as R. Wilkinson.
1611:
2733:
1574:
2639:
1002:
663:. In order to access a true exclave from the mainland, a traveller must go through the territory of at least one other state.
1205:"The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region"
1520:
584:. A true enclave cannot be reached without passing through the territory of a single other state that surrounds it. In 2007,
2853:
1891:
2582:
1054:
has direct access to international waters; a sovereign semi-en/exclave must have a land boundary longer than its coastline
2858:
2286:
1790:
891:
affirms that "no similar quantitative criterion is needed to define the scope of non-sovereign semi-enclaves/exclaves."
363:
are semi-enclaves), while exclaves and semi-exclaves proper always constitute just a part of a sovereign state (like the
2785:
2671:
2619:
2528:
17:
2808:
2748:
2708:
2614:
2592:
2376:
2031:
2026:
1697:
1546:
423:
of passage for the benefit of the owner of the surrounded land. The first diplomatic document to contain the word
2873:
2634:
1798:
1361:
3385:
3315:
2868:
2117:
2048:
650:
322:
185:: it is territorially continuous, but its territory is totally surrounded by a single "foreign" territory (B).
3390:
3167:
2242:
1099:
915:
900:
820:
640:
574:
524:
3395:
2985:
2792:
2604:
2142:
2019:
1858:
2728:
2473:
1391:
527:
in all. The residents in these enclaves had complained of being effectively stateless. Only
Bangladesh's
2843:
2354:
1942:
1418:, p. 29, also refers to semi-exclaves as a type of "mere exclave with sea connection to the mainland."
3043:
3015:
2833:
2597:
2349:
1962:
376:
277:. An enclave can be an independent territory or part of a larger one. Enclaves may also exist within
1566:
3048:
2813:
2154:
1831:
31:
589:
514:
then-existing national-level enclaves were extinguished on 1 August 2015, when the governments of
2656:
2516:
2494:
2259:
1851:
1598:
428:
3095:
3172:
3008:
3003:
2533:
2371:
2271:
2007:
1927:
528:
243:
347:
are areas that, except for possessing an unsurrounded sea border (a coastline contiguous with
3268:
2504:
2188:
2172:
2132:
2122:
1957:
1821:
1803:
1649:
1510:
471:
3235:
2127:
1687:
1109:
1001:
is not warranted or asserted in the examples below. Nonetheless, minor laws, especially on
593:
348:
1547:"Tangled Territories" 2005 review article on exclaves and enclaves in Europe published in
976:
was deeded outright to the
British government by the independent nation of Hawaii in 1877.
8:
3243:
3080:
2738:
2361:
2319:
2207:
2137:
2112:
1899:
1846:
1659:
1654:
1077:
1067:
870:
if it borders on just one state, and its land boundary is longer than its sea coastline.
1005:, are sometimes relaxed to accommodate the needs of the accommodated nation's monument.
3354:
3075:
3063:
2998:
2993:
2713:
2499:
2383:
2266:
2149:
2082:
1974:
1932:
1772:
1497:
1493:
1298:
1294:
1072:
986:
364:
278:
909:
3117:
3105:
2753:
2743:
2366:
2344:
2249:
2213:
2107:
1994:
1984:
1969:
1826:
1759:
1516:
1013:
982:
914:
For broader coverage of practical enclaves, exclaves and inaccessible districts, see
507:
3162:
2960:
2523:
2429:
2182:
2066:
1937:
1917:
1881:
1754:
1725:
1664:
1489:
1457:
1290:
1216:
1140:
888:
881:
have each gained a second bordering state â each other â with the 2022 division of
585:
27:
Territory (or part of one) entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state
3349:
3334:
Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in
3210:
2838:
2541:
2444:
2388:
2325:
2296:
2281:
2061:
2056:
2014:
1979:
1779:
1744:
1719:
404:
380:
306:
237:
1221:
1204:
628:
2681:
2649:
2511:
2449:
2439:
2434:
2254:
2220:
2088:
2038:
1989:
1682:
1560:
1555:
973:
942:
546:
474:
460:
384:
270:
3142:
950:
619:
treated East Berlin as an integral part of East
Germany, so West Berlin was a
375:(i.e., they are not surrounded by other nations' territorial waters), such as
3379:
2863:
2703:
2465:
2314:
2177:
1947:
1922:
1765:
1536:
994:
934:
550:
502:
923:
3263:
3255:
3250:
3215:
2723:
2718:
2629:
2099:
1749:
1711:
1644:
1563:â a comprehensive economic and political treatment of enclaves and exclaves
1163:
Melamid, Alexander (1968). "Enclaves and Exclaves". In Sills, David (ed.).
1144:
1082:
968:
624:
616:
498:
452:
302:
286:
249:
3157:
54:
2883:
2828:
2691:
2686:
2676:
2411:
2406:
2304:
2276:
1841:
1836:
1703:
998:
882:
604:
553:, people, goods and services flow freely with little or no restrictions.
534:
3070:
596:, a true enclave of Italy, both of which are surrounded by Switzerland.
2770:
2309:
2164:
1863:
1501:
1302:
946:
838:
615:
by the four Allied powers. However, the East German government and the
519:
490:
407:
and first appeared in the mid-15th century as a derivative of the verb
388:
356:
318:
290:
117:): territories belonging to A that are encroached inside the enclave E;
3189:
3147:
3122:
2980:
2935:
2823:
2765:
2587:
2336:
1596:
1462:
1445:
1017:
494:
266:
3225:
3220:
1333:
Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language
1183:
Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language
2975:
2945:
2775:
2698:
2609:
2421:
2199:
1909:
850:
228:
3285:
3179:
3030:
325:
is an example of an exclave that is not an enclave, as it borders
3280:
3205:
3035:
3025:
2965:
2878:
2848:
2780:
2661:
1873:
1674:
1008:
878:
854:
608:
538:
326:
298:
646:
81:: neither of them is surrounded by a single "foreign" territory;
3310:
3300:
3295:
3230:
3184:
3100:
2970:
2955:
2950:
2940:
2624:
2231:
1813:
899:
For broader coverage of subnational enclaves and exclaves, see
874:
858:
842:
834:
542:
360:
352:
330:
274:
269:
that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other
3055:
1541:
1395:
1045:
called maritime enclave if surrounded by alien territorial sea
391:, Austria, that is accessible only from Germany to the north.
126:(E): "foreign" territory totally surrounded by territory of A;
3305:
3290:
3275:
3152:
3137:
3127:
3112:
3090:
3085:
3020:
2818:
2760:
2644:
819:
For broader coverage of semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves, see
515:
294:
3132:
2398:
1736:
631:, were separated from the city, some by only a few meters.
334:
2930:
910:"Practical" enclaves, exclaves and inaccessible districts
1167:. Vol. 5. The Macmillan Company & Free Press.
545:. As both Netherlands and Belgium are members of the
1095:
List of countries that border only one other country
1036:
including sea territory, excluding international sea
894:
864:
the land boundary must be longer than the coastline.
40:
Explanatory diagram of territorial discontinuities:
2913:
963:
814:
541:decided to keep the enclave and exclave system in
1482:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
1480:Robinson, G. W. S. (September 1959). "Exclaves".
1283:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
1281:Robinson, G. W. S. (September 1959). "Exclaves".
1202:
1165:International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
561:For illustration, in the figure (above), A1 is a
3377:
1358:"Government Jobs in BSNL : 01 Jobs Opening"
1105:List of ethnic enclaves in North American cities
1473:
1176:
1174:
666:
627:. Also, 12 small West Berlin enclaves, such as
30:"Enclave" redirects here. For other uses, see
1582:
862:Therefore, a quantitative principle applies:
1171:
985:particularly the mutual wish to ensure free
708:Number of distinct alien territory bordered
455:history, subnational enclaves were known as
408:
3360:List of administrative divisions by country
956:Hence, such areas are enclaves or exclaves
639:For broader coverage of true exclaves, see
611:. Since 1945, all of Berlin had been ruled
573:For broader coverage of true enclaves, see
414:
1589:
1575:
1276:
1274:
1508:
1461:
1262:
1220:
1158:
1156:
1154:
556:
1627:
1479:
1280:
1133:Annuaire Français de Droit International
1110:List of former foreign enclaves in China
967:
645:
2565:
1443:
1271:
1162:
1126:
1124:
222:as viewed by A and contained within A5.
14:
3378:
1439:
1437:
1151:
1131:Raton, Pierre (1958). "Les enclaves".
2912:
2564:
1626:
1609:
1570:
1561:Evgeny Vinokurov's Theory of Enclaves
1537:Rolf Palmberg's Enclaves of the world
1314:
1312:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1130:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1121:
873:(Since Vinokurov's writing in 2007,
92:: it has an unsurrounded sea border;
1434:
1322:, 2001, vol. III, p. 946.
1320:Dictionnaire de la Langue Française
697:Both semi-enclave and semi-exclave
394:
24:
1494:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1959.tb01614.x
1360:. jobresultsnic.in. Archived from
1309:
1295:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1959.tb01614.x
1189:
703:Semi-exclave but not semi-enclave
700:Semi-enclave but not semi-exclave
659:is an extension of the concept of
484:
413:(1283), from the colloquial Latin
231:terms, A and E are each (sets of)
163:continuous territory, contains no
25:
3407:
1610:
1530:
1229:
895:Subnational enclaves and exclaves
592:, a true enclave of Germany, and
2377:Organized incorporated territory
1203:Rozhkov-Yuryevsky, Yuri (2013).
866:Thus a state is classified as a
634:
568:
489:Enclaves exist for a variety of
106:: it is totally surrounded by B;
61:identified by the letter only).
53:
3365:Slavic administrative divisions
1450:Cahiers de Géographie du Québec
1421:
1409:
1384:
1375:
1048:
1039:
1030:
964:Land owned by a foreign country
815:Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves
778:Has unsurrounded sea border(s)
670:
247:, while B is not (it has first
2914:Non-English terms or loanwords
2118:Direct-controlled municipality
1350:
1325:
1267:. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
743:Belongs to a larger territory
651:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
254:, the number of "holes" in B).
13:
1:
2243:Special administrative region
1100:List of enclaves and exclaves
916:List of enclaves and exclaves
901:List of enclaves and exclaves
821:List of enclaves and exclaves
641:List of enclaves and exclaves
575:List of enclaves and exclaves
501:reasons. For example, in the
99:of A: it is separated from A;
2143:Mountain resort municipality
2020:Intermediate school district
2003:Educational service district
1859:Regional county municipality
1474:General and cited references
1115:
667:Related constructs and terms
607:before the reunification of
241:. However, C and D are also
7:
2474:Autonomous territorial unit
1444:Catudal, Honoré M. (1974).
1222:10.5922/2079-8555-2013-2-11
1061:
953:, accessible from Andorra.
443:, and national enclaves as
10:
3412:
2355:National capital territory
2076:Indian reserve/reservation
1943:Indian government district
1597:Designations for types of
1509:Vinokurov, Evgeny (2007).
1263:Vinokurov, Evgeny (2007).
995:equally valid jurisdiction
913:
898:
818:
638:
572:
29:
3345:Autonomous administration
3332:
3198:
2923:
2919:
2908:
2801:
2575:
2571:
2560:
2484:
2458:
2420:
2397:
2350:Federal capital territory
2335:
2295:
2230:
2198:
2163:
2098:
2075:
2047:
1963:Non-metropolitan district
1953:Local government district
1908:
1890:
1872:
1812:
1789:
1735:
1710:
1696:
1673:
1637:
1633:
1622:
1618:
1605:
1556:Barry Smith's Baarle Site
688:Both enclave and exclave
525:IndiaâBangladesh enclaves
377:Point Roberts, Washington
244:simply connected surfaces
2155:Specialized municipality
1832:Consolidated city-county
1088:
1023:
849:declares, "Technically,
694:Exclave but not enclave
691:Enclave but not exclave
603:A historical example is
32:Enclave (disambiguation)
2517:Military exclusion zone
2495:Exclusive economic zone
2260:National capital region
1852:Non-metropolitan county
1599:administrative division
983:international consensus
220:counter-counter-enclave
207:(A4 and A5), which are
131:counter-counter-enclave
2534:Self-administered zone
2372:Incorporated territory
2239:Administrative region
2008:Local service district
1928:Congressional district
1542:Jan S. Krogh's Geosite
1335:. 1989. p. 1304.
1265:The Theory of Enclaves
1145:10.3406/afdi.1958.1373
977:
958:for practical purposes
868:sovereign semi-enclave
653:
557:Enclave versus exclave
415:
409:
3386:Enclaves and exclaves
2505:Special economic zone
2189:Praetorian prefecture
2173:Autonomous prefecture
2133:Regional municipality
2123:District municipality
1958:Metropolitan district
1822:Administrative county
1804:Residential community
1650:Local government area
974:Captain Cook Monument
971:
649:
590:BĂŒsingen am Hochrhein
235:, and B, C and D are
115:second-order enclaves
3391:Border-related lists
3096:Njësi administrative
2128:Neutral municipality
2067:Subdivision of India
1799:Autonomous community
1688:Metropolitan borough
1628:Common English terms
1512:A Theory of Enclaves
1185:. 1989. p. 497.
349:international waters
233:unconnected surfaces
3396:Political geography
2739:Autonomous republic
2667:Enclave and exclave
2566:Other English terms
2362:Dependent territory
2208:Autonomous province
2138:Resort municipality
2113:County municipality
1900:Overseas department
1847:Metropolitan county
1660:Unincorporated area
1515:. Lexington Books.
1068:Flagpole annexation
991:extraterritoriality
987:diplomatic missions
945:, a valley part of
387:, a valley part of
135:third-order enclave
3355:Electoral district
2672:Federal dependency
2500:Free economic zone
2384:Overseas territory
2267:Development region
2150:Rural municipality
2083:Indian reservation
1975:Municipal district
1933:Electoral district
1773:Free imperial city
1073:Landlocked country
978:
654:
531:enclave remained.
529:DahagramâAngarpota
472:logically extended
449:detached dominions
445:detached districts
431:, signed in 1526.
379:, and Minnesota's
365:Kaliningrad Oblast
293:(both enclaved by
279:territorial waters
238:connected surfaces
198:enclaved territory
183:enclaved territory
77:A1 and A2 are not
3373:
3372:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2470:Territorial unit
2367:Federal territory
2345:Capital territory
2250:Autonomous region
2214:Overseas province
2108:City municipality
1999:Service district
1995:Sanitary district
1985:Regional district
1970:Military district
1827:Autonomous county
1760:Incorporated city
1522:978-0-7391-2403-1
1392:"Berlin Exclaves"
1318:Le Grand Robert,
1014:international law
812:
811:
594:Campione d'Italia
508:Holy Roman Empire
218:(E1), which is a
200:: it is inside A;
18:Practical enclave
16:(Redirected from
3403:
2961:Regierungsbezirk
2921:
2920:
2910:
2909:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2561:
2524:Free speech zone
2430:Charter township
2183:Super-prefecture
2027:Special district
1938:Federal district
1918:Capital district
1882:Overseas country
1755:Independent city
1726:Imperial capital
1665:Unorganized area
1635:
1634:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1607:
1606:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1526:
1505:
1488:(3, ): 283â295.
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:10.7202/021178ar
1441:
1432:
1425:
1419:
1416:Vinokurov (2007)
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1394:. Archived from
1388:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1329:
1323:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1289:(3, ): 283â295.
1278:
1269:
1268:
1260:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1200:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1149:
1148:
1128:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
847:Vinokurov (2007)
671:
586:Evgeny Vinokurov
429:Treaty of Madrid
418:
412:
395:Origin and usage
307:sovereign states
209:counter-enclaves
192:
177:
159:
144:
111:counter-enclaves
66:
57:
21:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3350:Census division
3320:
3194:
2915:
2888:
2839:Imperial Circle
2797:
2567:
2548:
2542:Free-trade zone
2480:
2454:
2445:Survey township
2416:
2393:
2389:Union territory
2331:
2326:Sovereign state
2291:
2282:Overseas region
2226:
2194:
2159:
2094:
2085:(United States)
2071:
2062:Police division
2057:Census division
2043:
2015:School district
1980:Police district
1904:
1886:
1868:
1808:
1785:
1780:Royal free city
1745:Autonomous city
1731:
1720:Federal capital
1706:
1692:
1669:
1629:
1614:
1601:
1595:
1533:
1523:
1476:
1471:
1456:(43): 107â136.
1442:
1435:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1317:
1310:
1279:
1272:
1261:
1230:
1201:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1161:
1152:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1091:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1026:
966:
919:
912:
904:
897:
824:
817:
669:
644:
637:
623:enclave within
578:
571:
559:
487:
485:Characteristics
397:
381:Northwest Angle
305:) are enclaved
259:
258:
257:
256:
255:
216:counter-enclave
190:
175:
157:
142:
113:(also known as
64:
58:
49:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3409:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2569:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2512:Exclusion zone
2509:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2491:Economic zone
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2450:Urban township
2447:
2442:
2440:Paper township
2437:
2435:Civil township
2432:
2426:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2255:Capital region
2252:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2236:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2221:Roman province
2217:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2089:Indian reserve
2086:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2039:Urban district
2036:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1990:Rural district
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1683:County borough
1679:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1616:
1615:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1553:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1531:External links
1529:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1506:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1433:
1428:Melamid (1968)
1420:
1408:
1383:
1374:
1349:
1324:
1308:
1270:
1228:
1215:(2): 113â123.
1188:
1170:
1150:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1022:
965:
962:
943:Kleinwalsertal
911:
908:
896:
893:
816:
813:
810:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
775:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
705:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
668:
665:
636:
633:
570:
567:
558:
555:
547:European Union
486:
483:
475:back-formation
461:royal peculiar
441:detached parts
396:
393:
385:Kleinwalsertal
226:
225:
224:
223:
212:
201:
188:
187:
186:
173:
172:
171:
155:
154:
153:
140:
139:
138:
127:
120:
119:
118:
109:A4 and A5 are
107:
100:
93:
82:
59:
52:
51:
50:
39:
38:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3408:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3331:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:Kommun/Kunta
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2907:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Roman diocese
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Neighbourhood
2702:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:Alpine resort
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2559:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2466:Regional unit
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2315:Federal state
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Subprefecture
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1948:Land district
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1923:City district
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1766:Imperial city
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1612:English terms
1608:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1549:Hidden Europe
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1499:
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1478:
1477:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1398:on 2013-04-29
1397:
1393:
1387:
1378:
1364:on 2014-12-24
1363:
1359:
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1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:Baltic Region
1206:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1146:
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1125:
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1029:
1021:
1019:
1015:
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1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
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988:
984:
975:
972:Land for the
970:
961:
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954:
952:
948:
944:
938:
936:
935:Point Roberts
932:
927:
925:
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880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:semi-exclaves
828:
827:Semi-enclaves
822:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
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772:
769:
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734:
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728:
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722:
719:
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713:
710:
707:
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702:
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693:
690:
687:
685:Semi-exclave
684:
682:Semi-enclave
681:
678:
675:
673:
672:
664:
662:
658:
652:
648:
642:
635:True exclaves
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:true enclaves
576:
569:True enclaves
566:
564:
554:
552:
551:Schengen Area
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
530:
526:
521:
517:
511:
509:
504:
503:feudal system
500:
496:
492:
482:
480:
476:
473:
469:
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458:
454:
451:. In British
450:
446:
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438:
432:
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417:
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402:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
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368:
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354:
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345:semi-exclaves
342:
341:Semi-enclaves
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
310:
308:
304:
301:(enclaved by
300:
296:
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69:
68:
63:
62:
56:
47:
43:
33:
19:
3335:
3256:Maalaiskunta
3216:Heerlijkheid
3056:LĂ€n (Sweden)
2724:Protectorate
2719:Principality
2666:
2640:Constituency
2529:Neutral zone
2324:
2219:
2212:
2187:
2100:Municipality
1778:
1771:
1764:
1750:Charter city
1724:
1655:Special area
1645:Insular area
1548:
1511:
1485:
1481:
1453:
1449:
1431:(exclaves)."
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1400:. Retrieved
1396:the original
1386:
1377:
1366:. Retrieved
1362:the original
1352:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1319:
1286:
1282:
1264:
1212:
1208:
1182:
1164:
1136:
1132:
1083:Inner suburb
1050:
1041:
1032:
1007:
990:
979:
957:
955:
939:
931:pene-exclave
930:
922:
920:
905:
887:
872:
867:
863:
846:
830:
826:
825:
661:true enclave
660:
657:True exclave
656:
655:
629:SteinstĂŒcken
625:East Germany
620:
617:Soviet Union
612:
602:
598:
581:
579:
563:semi-enclave
562:
560:
533:
512:
499:geographical
488:
478:
467:
465:
456:
453:ecclesiastic
448:
444:
440:
436:
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424:
420:
400:
398:
372:pene-exclave
371:
369:
344:
340:
339:
313:
311:
303:South Africa
287:Vatican City
282:
262:
260:
250:Betti number
248:
242:
236:
232:
219:
215:
214:possesses 1
208:
204:
197:
182:
168:
164:
149:
134:
130:
123:
114:
110:
103:
96:
90:semi-exclave
89:
86:semi-enclave
85:
78:
71:
70:possesses 5
45:
41:
3251:Landskommun
3143:SavivaldybÄ
3009:Switzerland
3004:South Tyrol
2884:Viceroyalty
2677:Governorate
2635:Condominium
2538:Trade zone
2412:Market town
2407:Census town
2305:Proto-state
2277:Microregion
1842:County town
1837:County seat
1704:Half-canton
1337:Servitude:
1181:"Exclave".
1003:flag flying
999:sovereignty
951:Os de CivĂs
883:Hans Island
605:West Berlin
535:Netherlands
437:detachments
321:exclave of
319:Azerbaijani
229:topological
203:contains 2
152:(A3 and D).
148:contains 2
129:contains 1
122:contains 1
3380:Categories
3199:Historical
3163:ShahrestÄn
3106:Autonomous
2854:Presidency
2802:Historical
2771:Suzerainty
2754:Autonomous
2598:Autonomous
2320:Free state
2310:City-state
2272:Mesoregion
2165:Prefecture
1892:Department
1446:"Exclaves"
1402:2013-05-02
1368:2014-02-24
947:Vorarlberg
839:the Gambia
520:Bangladesh
491:historical
459:(see also
389:Vorarlberg
357:The Gambia
323:Nakhchivan
291:San Marino
3240:Landskap
3236:LÀn/LÀÀni
3190:Vingtaine
3158:Seniƫnija
3148:Selsoviet
3123:Poblacion
3060:Landskap
2990:Gemeinde
2981:Freguesia
2936:Apskritis
2859:Residency
2824:Exarchate
2766:Sultanate
2657:Eldership
2588:Bailiwick
2337:Territory
2287:Subregion
2032:in the US
1864:Viscounty
1791:Community
1116:Citations
1078:Panhandle
1018:espionage
1009:Embassies
921:The term
889:Vinokurov
495:political
466:The word
457:peculiars
421:servitude
416:inclavare
399:The word
267:territory
102:A3 is an
95:A2 is an
3341:See also
3076:Maakunta
3071:LocalitĂ
3016:Gemeente
2976:Frazione
2946:Barangay
2776:Townland
2714:Precinct
2699:Muftiate
2650:District
2610:Cadastre
2422:Township
2200:Province
2091:(Canada)
2049:Division
1910:District
1551:magazine
1062:See also
926:-exclave
851:Portugal
679:Exclave
676:Enclave
621:de facto
427:was the
410:enclaver
205:enclaves
150:enclaves
84:A1 is a
79:enclaves
72:exclaves
46:exclaves
42:Enclaves
3336:italics
3296:Satrapy
3281:Pargana
3206:Commote
3064:Finland
3044:Finland
3036:Kampong
3026:Hromada
2999:Germany
2994:Austria
2966:Comarca
2924:Current
2879:Tithing
2849:Monthon
2834:Hundred
2781:Village
2734:Regency
2729:Quarter
2662:Emirate
2630:Commune
2620:Circuit
2576:Current
1874:Country
1712:Capital
1675:Borough
1502:2561461
1303:2561461
1139:: 186.
879:Denmark
855:Denmark
613:de jure
609:Germany
539:Belgium
479:enclave
468:exclave
425:enclave
401:enclave
327:Armenia
314:exclave
299:Lesotho
283:Enclave
263:enclave
169:exclave
165:enclave
124:enclave
104:enclave
97:exclave
3311:Syssel
3301:Socken
3269:Greece
3244:Sweden
3231:Korale
3226:Köping
3221:Komunë
3185:Tehsil
3101:Oblast
3049:Sweden
2971:Comune
2956:Bezirk
2951:Bashki
2941:Bakhsh
2814:Barony
2809:Agency
2786:Summer
2749:Sector
2744:Riding
2709:Parish
2682:Hamlet
2625:Colony
2615:Circle
2593:Banner
2232:Region
1814:County
1698:Canton
1519:
1500:
1301:
875:Canada
859:Canada
857:, and
843:Brunei
835:Monaco
752:Maybe
746:Maybe
738:>1
729:>1
543:Baarle
405:French
361:Brunei
353:Monaco
331:Turkey
297:) and
275:entity
196:is an
191:
181:is an
176:
158:
143:
88:and a
65:
3306:Subah
3291:Rreth
3286:PlasÄ
3276:Pagus
3264:Egypt
3260:Nome
3180:SĂœsla
3173:China
3153:Sitio
3138:Raion
3128:Purok
3118:OstÄn
3113:Okrug
3091:Mukim
3086:Muban
3081:Megye
3031:JudeÈ
3021:Gmina
2874:Tenth
2844:March
2819:Burgh
2761:Shire
2692:Royal
2687:Manor
2645:Duchy
2605:Block
2297:State
1498:JSTOR
1299:JSTOR
1089:Lists
1024:Notes
516:India
470:is a
295:Italy
271:state
265:is a
211:of A;
137:(E1).
133:, or
3316:Zhou
3133:Qark
2869:Seat
2829:Hide
2793:Ward
2485:Zone
2459:Unit
2399:Town
1737:City
1638:Area
1517:ISBN
924:pene
877:and
841:and
829:and
808:Yes
805:Yes
802:Yes
790:Yes
787:Yes
773:Yes
767:Yes
764:Yes
758:Yes
755:Yes
749:Yes
549:and
537:and
518:and
497:and
359:and
343:and
335:Iran
333:and
289:and
44:and
3211:Gau
3168:Sum
2931:Amt
1490:doi
1458:doi
1339:Law
1291:doi
1217:doi
1141:doi
885:.)
799:No
796:No
793:No
784:No
781:No
770:No
761:No
720:â„1
714:â„1
477:of
463:).
447:or
439:or
403:is
367:).
312:An
273:or
261:An
227:In
193:E:
178:D:
167:or
160:C:
145:B:
67:A:
3382::
3338:.
2986:Fu
1496:.
1486:49
1484:.
1454:18
1452:.
1448:.
1436:^
1341:.
1311:^
1297:.
1287:49
1285:.
1273:^
1231:^
1211:.
1207:.
1191:^
1173:^
1153:^
1135:.
1123:^
853:,
845:.
837:,
735:1
732:1
726:1
723:1
717:1
711:1
493:,
481:.
370:A
355:,
337:.
329:,
309:.
281:.
1590:e
1583:t
1576:v
1525:.
1504:.
1492::
1466:.
1460::
1405:.
1371:.
1345:.
1305:.
1293::
1225:.
1219::
1213:2
1147:.
1143::
1137:4
918:.
903:.
823:.
643:.
577:.
252:2
34:.
20:)
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