272:
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459:, which tends to improve quality over on-site construction of each individual wall or frame. Wood construction in particular benefits from the improved quality. However, tradition often favors building by hand in many countries, and the image of prefab as a "cheap" method only slows its adoption. However, current practice already allows the modifying the floor plan according to the customer's requirements and selecting the surfacing material, e.g. a personalized brick facade can be masoned even if the load-supporting elements are timber.
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the same basic structure are being constructed. Prefabrication avoids the need to transport so many skilled workers to the construction site, and other restricting conditions such as a lack of power, lack of water, exposure to harsh weather or a hazardous environment are avoided. Against these advantages must be weighed the cost of transporting prefabricated sections and lifting them into position as they will usually be larger, more fragile and more difficult to handle than the materials and components of which they are made.
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not generally used to refer to electrical or electronic components of a machine, or mechanical parts such as pumps, gearboxes and compressors which are usually supplied as separate items, but to sections of the body of the machine which in the past were fabricated with the whole machine. Prefabricated parts of the body of the machine may be called 'sub-assemblies' to distinguish them from the other components.
471:
482:, where weather conditions may only allow brief periods of construction. Prefabricated bridge elements and systems offer bridge designers and contractors significant advantages in terms of construction time, safety, environmental impact, constructibility, and cost. Prefabrication can also help minimize the impact on traffic from bridge building. Additionally, small, commonly used structures such as
370:. Assembling sections in factories saved time on-site and the lightness of the panels reduced the cost of foundations and assembly on site. Coloured concrete grey and with flat roofs, prefab houses were uninsulated and cold and life in a prefab acquired a certain stigma, but some London prefabs were occupied for much longer than the projected 10 years.
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Today, prefabrication is used in various industries and construction sectors such as healthcare, retail, hospitality, education, and public administration, due to its many advantages and benefits over traditional on-site construction, such as reduced installation time and cost savings. Being used in
439:
concrete components on site, and delivering wet concrete to the site before it starts to set requires precise time management. Pouring concrete sections in a factory brings the advantages of being able to re-use moulds and the concrete can be mixed on the spot without having to be transported to and
592:
There are four main categories of off-site fabrication, which is often also referred to as off-site construction. These can be described as component (or sub-assembly) systems, panelised systems, volumetric systems, and modular systems. Below these categories different branches, or technologies are
344:
design features and innovative prefabricated construction methods, according to which large multistory buildings were entirely manufactured outside the city, transported in pieces and then assembled on site. The process, which lasted into the nineteenth century, lodged the city's residents in safe
169:
also applies to the manufacturing of things other than structures at a fixed site. It is frequently used when fabrication of a section of a machine or any movable structure is shifted from the main manufacturing site to another location, and the section is supplied assembled and ready to fit. It is
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The prefabricated construction market is booming. It is growing at an accelerated pace both in more established markets such as North
America and Europe and in emerging economies such as the Asia-Pacific region (mainly China and India). Considerable growth is expected in the coming years, with the
447:
Prefabrication techniques are used in the construction of apartment blocks, and housing developments with repeated housing units. Prefabrication is an essential part of the industrialization of construction. The quality of prefabricated housing units had increased to the point that they may not be
262:
techniques can be employed in prefabrication at a location where skilled labour is available, while congestion at the assembly site, which wastes time, can be reduced. The method finds application particularly where the structure is composed of repeating units or forms, or where multiple copies of
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The efficiency and speed in the execution times of these works offer that, for example, in the case of the educational sector, it is possible to execute the projects without the cessation of the operations of the educational facilities during the development of the same.
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The most commonly cited definition is by
Goodier and Gibb in 2007, which described the process of manufacturing and preassembly of a certain number of building components, modules, and elements before their shipment and installation on construction sites.
356:, founded on 30 December 1773, was quickly erected through the use of prefabricated materials en masse. The first of the prefabricated stones was laid in March 1774. By 13 May 1776, the centre of the town had been finished and was officially opened.
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distinguishable from traditionally built units to those that live in them. The technique is also used in office blocks, warehouses and factory buildings. Prefabricated steel and glass sections are widely used for the exterior of large buildings.
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500:, with components such as wings and fuselage sections often being manufactured in different countries or states from the final assembly site. However, this is sometimes for political rather than commercial reasons, such as for
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Homogeneous manufacturing allows high standardization and quality control, ensuring quality requirements subject to performance and resistance tests, which also facilitate high scalability of construction projects.
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requiring special signage, escort vehicles, and temporary road closures) than for their constituent materials, which can often be packed more densely and are more likely to fit onto standard-sized vehicles.
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at the site to form the permanent works at the site. In its fullest sense, off-site fabrication requires a project strategy that will change the orientation of the project process from construction to
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The specific production processes in industrial assembly lines allow high sustainability, which enables savings of up to 20% of the total final cost, as well as considerable savings in indirect costs.
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have used prefabricated buildings technology to erect giant structures, which dates back as far as 2000 years, where some sections were prepared separately and then fitted together, specially in the
573:
Off-site fabrication is a process that incorporates prefabrication and pre-assembly. The process involves the design and manufacture of units or modules, usually remote from the work site, and the
489:
Radio towers for mobile phone and other services often consist of multiple prefabricated sections. Modern lattice towers and guyed masts are also commonly assembled of prefabricated elements.
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prefabricated modular construction market expected to grow at a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 8% between 2022 and 2030. It is expected to reach USD 271 billion by 2030.
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single-story buildings as well as in multi-story projects and constructions. Providing the possibility of applying it to a specific part of the project or to the whole of it.
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site where the structure is to be located. Some researchers refer it to “various materials joined together to form a component of the final installation procedure“.
671:(2022) Modularity clustering of economic development and ESG attributes in prefabricated building research. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10. Retrieved from
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Detached houses, cottages, log cabin, saunas, etc. are also sold with prefabricated elements. Prefabrication of modular wall elements allows building of complex
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being developed. There are a vast number of different systems on the market which fall into these categories and with recent advances in digital design such as
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Prefabrication saves engineering time on the construction site in civil engineering projects. This can be vital to the success of projects such as bridges and
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district, was rebuilt by using prefabrication on an unprecedented scale. Under the guidance of
Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, popularly known as the
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where sections previously assembled at the final point of manufacture are assembled elsewhere instead, before being delivered for final assembly.
597:(BIM), the task of integrating these different systems into a construction project is becoming increasingly a "digital" management proposition.
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Higher-precision factory tools can aid more controlled movement of building heat and air, for lower energy consumption and healthier buildings
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are prefabricated (assembled) in a factory (possibly with window and door frames included), transported to the site, lifted into place by a
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An example from house-building illustrates the process of prefabrication. The conventional method of building a house is to transport
103:
766:"Quantitative study on external benefits of prefabricated buildings: From perspectives of economy, environment, and society"
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in the 20th century, such as in the United
Kingdom as temporary housing for thousands of urban families "bombed out" during
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Modular
Construction Market Size is projected to reach USD 271 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 8%: Straits Research.
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Transportation costs may be higher for voluminous prefabricated sections (especially sections so big that they constitute
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in 1851, was a highly visible example of iron and glass prefabricated construction; it was followed on a smaller scale by
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Large prefabricated sections may require heavy-duty cranes and precision measurement and handling to place in position.
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Prefabrication has been used since ancient times. For example, it is claimed that the world's oldest known engineered
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sections in structures where a particular part or form is repeated many times. It can be difficult to construct the
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The theory behind the method is that time and cost is saved if similar construction tasks can be grouped, and
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Factory production can facilitate more optimal materials usage, recycling, noise capture, dust capture, etc.
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Deploying resources on-site can add costs; prefabricating assemblies can save costs by reducing on-site work
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686:"'Prefabs' in South London – built as emergency housing just after WW2 and meant to last for just 10 years"
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Moving partial assemblies from a factory often costs less than moving pre-production resources to each site
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In 19th century
Australia a large number of prefabricated houses were imported from the United Kingdom.
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pumped wet on a congested construction site. Prefabricating steel sections reduces on-site cutting and
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Machine-mediated parts movement, and freedom from wind and rain can improve construction safety
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Cranes and reusable factory supports can allow shapes and sequences without expensive on-site
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Consistent indoor environments of factories eliminate most impacts of weather on production
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to installation. Examples of off-site fabrication are wall panels for homes, wooden
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became increasingly common. The most ubiquitous of these ships was the
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.977887
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The most widely used form of prefabrication in building and
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Zhou, Jingyang; Li, Yonghan; Ren, Dandan (November 2022).
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Prefabrication has become widely used in the assembly of
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A house being built with prefabricated concrete panels.
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Transportation of prefabricated Airbus wing assembly
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Globenewswire.com. 2022-06-18. Retrieved 2023-02-16
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805:Hydrodiseno.com. 2021-07-29. Retrieved 2023-03-07
754:Hydrodiseno.com. 2022-08-17. Retrieved 2023-01-05
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236:together.
150:site, and
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