Upper Canada - Knowledge

4303:). Committed to the voluntarist principle of rejecting government funding they decided against joining the "United Synod of Upper Canada" and on Christmas Day 1834 formed the "Missionary Presbytery of the Canadas". Although this new presbytery was formed at Rev. James Harris's church in Toronto, he and his congregation remained independent from it. However, the voluntarist, Rev. Jenkins and his congregation in Richmond Hill joined the Missionary Presbytery a few years later. Rev. Eastman had left the United Synod in 1833 to form the "Niagara Presbytery" of the Presbyterian Church in the USA. After this presbytery dissolved following the Rebellion of 1837, he rejoined the United Synod which then joined the Church of Scotland. Outside of these four Presbyterian denominations, only two others gained a foothold in the province. The small "Stamford Presbytery" of the American Secessionist tradition was formed in 1835 in the Niagara region, and the Scottish Reformed Presbyterian or "Covenanter" tradition was represented in the province to an even lesser extent. Despite the numerous denominations, by the late 1830s, the Church of Scotland was the main expression of Presbyterianism in Upper Canada. 4514:, made for a tight bond between the nominally private company and the state. Forty-four men served as bank directors during the 1830s; eleven of them were executive councillors, fifteen of them were legislative councillors, and thirteen were magistrates in Toronto. More importantly, all 11 men who had ever sat on the Executive Council also sat on the board of the Bank at one time or another. 10 of these men also sat on the Legislative Council. The overlapping membership on the boards of the Bank of Upper Canada and on the Executive and Legislative Councils served to integrate the economic and political activities of church, state, and the "financial sector." These overlapping memberships reinforced the oligarchic nature of power in the colony and allowed the administration to operate without any effective elective check. The Bank of Upper Canada was a political sore point for the 4299:

belonging to the Church of Scotland remained separate. Instead, in 1831, they formed their own "Synod of the Presbyterian Church of Canada in Connection with the Established Church of Scotland". That same year the "Presbytery of the Canadas", having grown and been re-organized, became the "United Synod of Upper Canada". In its continued pursuit for Presbyterian unity (and a share of government funding from the clergy reserves for established churches) the United Synod sought a union with the Church of Scotland synod which it finally joined in 1840. However, some ministers had left the United Synod prior to this merger (including, notably, Rev. James Harris, Rev. William Jenkins, and Rev. Daniel Eastman). In the 1832 new Secessionist missionaries began to arrive, belonging to "The United Associate Synod in Scotland" (after 1847, the

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1812, this had become acutely problematic since the American settlers outnumbered the original Loyalists by more than ten to one. Following the War of 1812, the colonial government under Lt. Governor Gore took active steps to prevent Americans from swearing allegiance, thereby making them ineligible to obtain land grants. The tensions between the Loyalists and late Loyalists erupted in the "Alien Question" crisis in 1820–21 when the Bidwells (Barnabas and his son Marshall) sought election to the provincial assembly. They faced opponents who claimed they could not hold elective office because of their American citizenship. If the Bidwells were aliens so were the majority of the province. The issue was not resolved until 1828 when the Colonial government retroactively granted them citizenship.

2040: 1708:. Gourlay was a well-connected Scottish emigrant who arrived in 1817, hoping to encourage "assisted emigration" of the poor from Britain. He solicited information on the colony through township questionnaires, and soon became a critic of government mismanagement. When the local legislature ignored his call for an inquiry, he called for a petition to the British Parliament. He organised township meetings, and a provincial convention – which the government considered dangerous and seditious. Gourlay was tried in December 1818 under the 1804 Sedition Act and jailed for 8 months. He was banished from the province in August 1819. His expulsion made him a martyr in the reform community. 2290:

could pay and reward the services and loyalty of the "United Empire Loyalists" who, originated outside of Canada, without encumbrance of debt by being awarded with small portions of land (under 200 acres or 80 hectares) with the proviso that it be settled by those to which it was granted; Second, portions would be reserved for the future use of the Crown and the clergy that did not require settlement by which to gain control. Lt. Governor Simcoe saw this as the mechanism by which an aristocracy might be created, and that compact settlement could be avoided with the grants of large tracts of land to those Loyalists not required to settle on it as the means of gaining control.

2362:, Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada. Talbot convinced the government to allow him to implement a land settlement scheme of 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) in Elgin County in the townships of Dunwich and Aldborough in 1803. According to his government agreement, he was entitled to 200 acres (80 ha) for every settler who received 50 acres (20 ha); in this way he gained an estate of 20,000 acres (8,000 ha). Talbot's administration was regarded as despotic. He was infamous for registering settlers' names on the local settlement map in pencil and if displeased, erasing their entry. Talbot's abuse of power was a contributing factor in the 417: 3195:

forest is commenced. Credit is obtained at a neighbouring store ... During this period he has led a life of toil and privation... On the arrival of the fourth harvest, he is reminded by the storekeeper to pay his account with cash, or discharge part of it with his disposable produce, for which he gets a very small price. He is also informed that the purchase money of the land has been accumulating with interest ... he finds himself poorer than when he commenced operation. Disappointment preys on his spirit... the land ultimately reverts to the former proprietor, or a new purchaser is found.

4984: 1021: 4703: 1742: 1622: 4510:, a Toronto merchant and Executive Councillor. York was too small to warrant such an institution as indicated by the inability of its promoters to raise even the minimal 10% of the £200,000 authorised capital required for start-up. It succeeded where the Bank of Kingston had failed only because it had the political influence to have this minimum reduced by half, and because the provincial government subscribed for two thousand of its eight thousand shares. The administration appointed four of the bank's fifteen directors that, as with the 2282: 4537:, which established their legality here. Duncombe's report drew in large part on an increasingly dominant banking orthodoxy in the United Kingdom which challenged the English system of chartered banks. Duncombe's Select Committee on Currency offered a template for the creation of joint-stock banks based on several successful British banks. Within weeks two Devonshire businessmen, Capt. George Truscott and John Cleveland Green, established the "Farmer's Bank" in Toronto. The only other successful bank established under this law was " 4826:

keep the canal in Upper Canadian hands, the province had passed a law barring Americans from the company's directorate. The company was thus controlled by the Family Compact, even though they had few shares. By 1834, it was clear the canal would never make money and that the province would be on the hook for the large loans; the canal and the canal company thus became a political issue, as local farmers argued the huge expense would ultimately only benefit American farmers in the west and the merchants who transported their grain.

1150: 8128: 5346: 4716: 1607: 65: 4854:. Hamilton then became a major port and quickly expanded as a centre of trade and commerce. In 1826 a group of Dundas businessmen incorporated to compete with Hamilton and increase the value of their real estate holdings. The project to build Desjardins Canal continued for ten years, from 1827 to 1837, and required constant infusions of money from the province. In 1837, the year it opened, the company's income was £6,000, of which £5,000 was from a government loan and £166 was received from canal tolls. 4818:. The Legislature authorised the joint-stock Welland Canal Company on 19 January 1824, with a capitalisation of $ 150,000, and Merritt as the agent. The canal was officially opened exactly five years later on 30 November 1829. However, the original route to Lake Erie followed the Welland and Niagara Rivers and was difficult and slow to navigate. The Welland Canal Company obtained a loan of 50,000 pounds from the province of Upper Canada in March 1831 to cut a canal directly to Gravelly Bay (now 1167: 1653: 3186: 442: 104: 2127:, despite his aristocratic pretensions. This combination of free trade and aristocratic pretensions needs to be underscored; although a liberal capitalist, Sydenham was no radical democrat. Sydenham approached the task of implementing those aspects of Durham's report that the colonial office approved of, municipal reform, and the union of the Canadas, with a "campaign of state violence and coercive institutional innovation ... empowered not just by the British state but also by his 1962: 1976: 881: 506: 2005: 1637: 1948: 9963: 8115: 4495: 9973: 5318: 1991: 1592: 698: 2236: 830:, who often were granted land to settle in Upper Canada. Already populated by Indigenous peoples, land for settlement in Upper Canada was made by treaties between the new British government and the Indigenous peoples, exchanging land for one-time payments or annuities. The new province was characterized by its British way of life, including bicameral parliament and separate civil and criminal law, rather than mixed as in 4326: 93: 5332: 3242: 3728:

helpfully provided below: Roman Catholics were 15% of the population, and adherents to this religion were, at the time, mainly drawn from the Irish and the French settlers. The Roman Catholic faith also numbered some votaries from amongst the Scottish settlers. The category of "other" religious adherents, somewhat under 5% of the population, included the Aboriginal and Metis culture.

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The Prime Minister agreed to provide free transportation from Quebec to Upper Canada, a 100-acre (40 ha) land grant, and a year's supply of provisions to any of the rebellious weavers who could pay their own way to Quebec. In all, in 1820 and 1821, a private charity helped 2,716 Lanarkshire and Glasgow emigrants to Upper Canada to take up their free grants, primarily in the

3213:, then studying law at Lincoln's Inn in London. The Lt. Governor's financial crisis led to a quick adoption of Robinson's scheme to sell the Crown reserves to a new land company which would provide the provincial government with annual payments of between £15,000 to £20,000. The Canada Company was chartered in London in 1826; after three years of mismanagement by 4445:, who opposed all "legislated monopolies," saw joint stock associations as the only protection against "the whole property of the country... being tied up as an irredeemable appendage to incorporated institutions, and put beyond the reach of individual possession." As a result, most of the joint-stock companies formed in this period were created by 1013:, but did not yet specify official borders for Upper Canada. The division was effected so that Loyalist American settlers and British immigrants in Upper Canada could have English laws and institutions, and the French-speaking population of Lower Canada could maintain French civil law and the Catholic religion. The first lieutenant-governor was 4368:

province arrived totally destitute, forwarded by their parishes in the United Kingdom. The pauper immigrants arriving in Toronto were the excess agricultural workers and artisans whose growing ranks sent the cost of parish-based poor relief in England spiralling; a financial crisis that generated frenetic public debate and the overhaul of the

4794:), then southwest via the canal to Kingston and out into Lake Ontario. Because the Rideau Canal was easier to navigate than the St. Lawrence River due to the series of rapids between Montreal and Kingston, it became a busy commercial artery from Montreal to the Great Lakes. The construction of the canal was supervised by Lieutenant-Colonel 4546:

the harrow of the storekeeper. You will be shewn how to break this degraded yoke of mortgages, ejectments, judgments and bonds. Money bound you – money shall loose you". During the financial panic of 1836, the Family Compact sought to protect its interests in the nearly bankrupt Bank of Upper Canada by making joint-stock banks illegal.

4850:. Access to Lake Ontario from Dundas was made difficult by the topography of the area, which included a natural sand and gravel barrier, across Burlington Bay which allowed only boats with a shallow draft through. In 1823 a canal was dug through the sandbar. In 1826 the passage was completed, allowing schooners to sail to neighbouring 5159:). This incident has been used to establish the principle of "anticipatory self-defense" in international politics, which holds that it may be justified only in cases in which the "necessity of that self-defense is instant, overwhelming, and leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation". This formulation is part of the 2428:, in which he created 24 of them). They were granted lands amounting to 21,638 acres (8,757 ha), of which 15,048 acres (6,090 ha) were drawn from the clergy reserves and other glebe lots, while 6,950 acres (2,810 ha) were taken from ordinary Crown lands. A later suit to have this action annulled was dismissed by the 4145:(Presbyterians) sought a proportional share of the revenues. The Church of England was never numerically dominant in the province, as it was in England, especially in the early years when most of the American born Later Loyalists arrived. The growth of the Church of England depended largely on later British emigration for growth. 3206:

to be allocated to each, these duties were withheld, forcing the Lieutenant Governor to search for new sources of revenue. The Canada Company was created as a means of generating government revenue that was not under the control of the elected Assembly, thereby granting the Lt. Governor greater independence from local voters.

991:. The British authorities encouraged the movement of people to this area from the United States, offering free land to encourage population growth. For settlers, the head of the family received 100 acres (40 ha) and 50 acres (20 ha) per family member, and soldiers received larger grants. These settlers are known as 4353:. The Quakers (Society of Friends) immigrated from New York, the New England States and Pennsylvania. The Children of Peace were founded during the War of 1812 after a schism in the Society of Friends in York County. A further schism occurred in 1828, leaving two branches, "Orthodox" Quakers and "Hicksite" Quakers. 4271:. Ryerson (1803–1882) was an itinerant minister – or circuit rider – in the Niagara area for the Methodist Episcopal Church – an American branch of Methodism. As British immigration increased, Methodism in Upper Canada was torn between those with ties to the Methodist Episcopal Church and the British 4384:

was setting sail for Canada on a ship called Psyche. After the week-long violence, the rebellion was easily crushed; the participants were driven less by treason than distress. In a city of 147,000 people without a regular parish system of poor relief, between ten and fifteen thousand were destitute.

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The land grant policy changed after 1825 as the Upper Canadian administration faced a financial crisis that would otherwise require raising local taxes, thereby making it more dependent on a local elected legislature. The Upper Canadian state ended its policy of granting land to "unofficial" settlers

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was appointed to the Executive Council, the advisory body to the Lieutenant Governor, in 1815, he began to push for the Church of England's autonomous control of the clergy reserves on the model of the Clergy Corporation created in Lower Canada in 1817. Although all clergymen in the Church of England

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The Crown reserves, one seventh of all lands granted, were to provide the provincial executive with an independent source of revenue not under the control of the elected Assembly. The clergy reserves, also one seventh of all lands granted in the province, were created "for the support and maintenance

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Following the War of 1812, European settlers came in increasing numbers. The Indian Department focussed on converting the Indigenous peoples to abandon their old way of life and adopt agriculture. The treaties shifted from one-time payments in exchange to annual annuities from the sale of surrendered

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Sydenham introduced a vast expansion of the state apparatus through the introduction of municipal government. Areas not already governed through civic corporations or police boards would be governed through centrally controlled District Councils with authority over roads, schools, and local policing.

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was held four times a year in each district composed of all the resident justices. The Quarter Sessions met to oversee the administration of the district and deal with legal cases. They formed, in effect, the municipal government until an area was incorporated as either a Police Board or a City after

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to establish the newspaper The Constitution in 1836 in the lead up to the Rebellion of 1837. Mackenzie wrote at the time: "Archdeacon Strachan's bank (the old one) ... serve the double purpose of keeping the merchants in chains of debt and bonds to the bank manager, and the Farmer's acres under

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missionaries, yet independently of their mother denomination in the hope of including Presbyterian ministers of all stripes in Upper and Lower Canada. Although successfully including members from Irish Associate, and American Presbyterian and Reformed denominations, the growing group of missionaries

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were thinly settled across the province in the mid-1780s, a far larger number of "late-Loyalists" arrived in the late 1790s and were required to take an oath of allegiance to the Crown to obtain land if they came from the US. Their fundamental political allegiances were always considered dubious. By

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In the decade ending in 1837, the population of Upper Canada doubled, to 397,489, fed in large part by erratic spurts of displaced paupers, the "surplus population" of the British Isles. Historian Rainer Baehre estimated that between 1831 and 1835 a bare minimum of one-fifth of all emigrants to the

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Few chose to lease the Crown reserves as long as free grants of land were still available. The Lieutenant Governor increasingly found himself depending upon the customs duties shared with, but collected in Lower Canada for revenue; after a dispute with the lower province on the relative proportions

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with the United States, Upper Canada was the chief target of the Americans, since it was weakly defended and populated largely by American immigrants. However, division in the United States over the war, a lackluster American militia, the incompetence of American military commanders, and swift and

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According to the Canada Company, "the poorest individual can here procure for himself and family a valuable tract; which, with a little labour, he can soon convert into a comfortable home, such as he could probably never attain in any other country – all his own!" However, recent studies have

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The greater portion of British emigrants, arriving in Canada without funds and the most exalted ideas of the value and productiveness of land, purchase extensively on credit... Everything goes on well for a short time. A log-house is erected with the assistance of old settlers, and the clearing of

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In the years between 1809 and 1837 just over 100 steamboats were launched by Upper and Lower Canadians for the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes trade, of which ten operated on Lake Ontario. The single largest engine foundry in British North America before 1838 was the Eagle Foundry of Montreal,

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By the time the canal was finished in 1837, it had cost the province £425,000 in loans and stock subscriptions. The company was supposed to have been a private one using private capital; but the province had little private capital available, hence most of the original funds came from New York. To

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from 1815 to 1850 has been numbered at 800,000. The population of Upper Canada in 1837 is documented at 409,000. Given the lack of detailed census data, it is difficult to assess the relative size of the American and Canadian born "British" and the foreign-born "British." By the time of the first

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Crown land policy to 1825 was multi-fold in the use of a "free" resource that had value to people who themselves may have little or no money for its purchase and for the price of settling upon it to support themselves and a create a new society. First, the cash-strapped Crown government in Canada

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is the epithet applied to an oligarchic group of men who exercised most of the political and judicial power in Upper Canada from the 1810s to the 1840s. It was noted for its conservatism and opposition to democracy. The uniting factors amongst the Compact were its loyalist tradition, hierarchical

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Upper Canada was in the unenviable position of having few exports with which to pay for all its imported manufactured needs. For the vast majority of those who settled in rural areas, debt could be paid off only through the sale of wheat and flour; yet, throughout much of the 1820s, the price of

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and Company were one of the largest of the new wholesalers. Isaac Buchanan was a Scots merchant in Toronto, in partnership with his brother Peter, who remained in Glasgow to manage the British end of the firm. They established their business in Toronto in 1835, having bought out Isaac's previous

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The difference between the chartered banks and the joint-stock banks lay almost entirely on the issue of liability and its implications for the issuance of bank notes. The joint-stock banks lacked limited liability, hence every partner in the bank was responsible for the bank's debts to the full

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had a similar function to the Cabinet in England but was not responsible to the Legislative Assembly. They held a consultative position, however, and did not serve in administrative offices as cabinet ministers do. Members of the Executive Council were not necessarily members of the Legislative

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wheat went through periodic cycles of boom and bust depending upon the British markets that ultimately provided the credit upon which the farmer lived. In the decade 1830–39, exports of wheat averaged less than £1 per person a year (less than £6 per household), and in the 1820s just half that.

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After the Napoleonic Wars, as industrial production in Britain took off, English manufacturers began dumping cheap goods in Montreal; this allowed an increasing number of shopkeepers in York to obtain their goods competitively from Montreal wholesalers. It was during this period that the three

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Given the small amounts of saleable wheat and flour, and the rarity of cash, some have questioned how market oriented these early farmers were. Instead of depending on the market to meet their needs, many of these farmers depended on networks of shared resources and cooperative marketing. For

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In 1797, lands in twelve townships (six east of York, and six west, totalling about 500,000 acres (200,000 ha), were set aside, from which revenues arising from their sale or lease were dedicated to support the establishment of grammar schools and a university for the Province. They were

2063:. Long term grievances included antagonism between Later Loyalists and British Loyalists, political corruption, the collapse of the international financial system and the resultant economic distress, and a growing republican sentiment. While public grievances had existed for years, it was the 3727:

of 1837, there was range of ethnic groups in Upper Canada. However, due to the lack of a detailed breakdown, it is difficult to count each group, and this may be considered abuse of statistics. An idea of the ethnic breakdown can be had if one considers the religious census of 1842, which is

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and implemented a broad plan of revenue-generating sales. The Crown replaced its old policy of land grants to ordinary settlers in newly opened districts with land sales by auction. It also passed legislation that allowed the auctioning of previously granted land for payment of back-taxes.

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in Europe. The United Kingdom required a new source of timber for its navy and shipbuilding. Later the UK's application of gradually increasing preferential tariffs increased Canadian imports. The trade in squared timber lasted until the 1850s. The transportation of raw timber by means of

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founded by John Dod Ward in the fall of 1819 which manufactured 33 of the steam engines. The largest Upper Canadian engine manufacturer was Sheldon & Dutcher of Toronto, who made three engines in the 1830s before being driven to Bankruptcy by the Bank of Upper Canada in 1837.

4433:. The joint stock company was popular in building public works, since it should be for general public benefit, as the benefit would otherwise be sacrificed to legislated monopolies with exclusive privileges. or lie dormant. An example of the legislated monopoly is found in the 5185:. The Neutrality Act of 1794 made it illegal for an American to wage war against any country at peace with the United States. Application of the Neutrality Act during the Patriot War led to the largest use of US government military force against its own citizens since the 92: 91: 1764:

The Canadian Alliance Society was reborn as the Constitutional Reform Society (1836), when it was led by the more moderate reformer, Dr William W. Baldwin. After the disastrous 1836 elections, it took the final form as the Toronto Political Union in 1837. It was the

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The Rideau Canal's purpose was military and hence was paid for by the British and not the local treasury. It was intended to provide a secure supply and communications route between Montreal and the British naval base in Kingston. The objective was to bypass the

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The government of Upper Canada never issued a provincial currency. A variety of coins, mainly of French, Spanish, English and American origin circulated. The government used the Halifax standard, where one pound Halifax equalled four Spanish dollars. One

2405:, also appointed the Inspector General and the Surveyor General to the board, and made a quorum of three for meetings; these two public officers also sat on the Legislative Council with Strachan. These three were usually members of the Family Compact. 861:

attempted to overthrow the undemocratic system. Representative government would be established in the 1840s. Upper Canada existed from its establishment on 26 December 1791 to 10 February 1841, when it was united with adjacent Lower Canada to form the

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Between 1783 and 1812, fifteen land surrender treaties were concluded in Upper Canada. These involved one-time payments of money or goods to the Indigenous peoples. Some of the treaties spelled out designated reserve lands for the Indigenous peoples.

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was the upper house governing the province of Upper Canada. Although modelled after the British House of Lords, Upper Canada had no aristocracy. Members of the Legislative council, appointed for life, formed the core of the oligarchic group, the

2071:) that emboldened rebels in Upper Canada to revolt openly soon after. The Upper Canada Rebellion was largely defeated shortly after it began, although resistance lingered until 1838 (and became more violent) – mainly through the support of the 2267:

lands. Between 1825 and 1860, treaties were concluded for nearly all of the land-mass of the future province of Ontario. In 1836, Manitoulin Island was designated as a reserve for dispossessed natives, but much of this was ceded in 1862.

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came into effect. At that time, there were 20 districts; legislation to create a new Kent District was never completed. Up until 1841, the district officials were appointed by the lieutenant-governor, although usually with local input.

2393:. These reserves were directly administered by the Crown; which, in turn, came under increasing political pressure from other Protestant bodies. The Reserve lands were to be a focal point of dissent within the Legislative Assembly. 5216:

across the province and incorporating them into a network of eight new, public grammar schools (secondary schools), one for each of the eight districts (Eastern, Johnstown, Midland, Newcastle, Home, Niagara, London, and Western):

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and were primarily English-speaking Protestants. The first townships (Royal and Cataraqui) along the St. Lawrence and eastern Lake Ontario were laid out in 1784, populated mainly with decommissioned soldiers and their families.

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were at the corner of Parliament and Front Streets, in buildings that were burned by US forces in the War of 1812, rebuilt, then burned again by accident in 1824. The site was eventually abandoned for another, to the west.

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The 1795 Jay Treaty officially set the borders between British North America and the United States north to the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. On 1 February 1796, the capital of Upper Canada was moved from Newark (now

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These groups of later Loyalists were proportionately larger in the early decades of the province's settlement. The Mennonites, Tunkers, Quakers and Children of Peace are the traditional Peace churches. The Mennonites and

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of the province. To that end, he created the clergy reserves, the revenues of which were to support the church. The clergy reserves proved to be a long-term political issue, as other denominations, particularly the

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in 1834. "Assisted emigration", a second solution to the problem touted by the Parliamentary Under-Secretary in the Colonial Office, Robert Wilmot Horton, would remove them permanently from the parish poor rolls.

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suggested that a minimum of £100 to £200 plus the cost of land was required to start a new farm in the bush. As a result, few of these poor settlers had any hope of starting their own farm, although many tried.

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organised by the Reverend Thomas Sockett, who chartered ships and sent emigrants from England to Canada in each of the six years between 1832 and 1837. This area in the south of England was terrorised by the

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The earliest Presbyterian ministers in Upper Canada came from various denominations based in Scotland, Ireland, and the United States. The "Presbytery of the Canadas" was formed in 1818 primarily by Scottish

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passed in Upper Canada on 9 July 1793. The 1793 "Act against Slavery" forbade the importation of any additional slaves and freed children. It did not grant freedom to adult slaves—they were finally freed

4437:. However, the benefit of the joint-stock shareholders, as the risk takers, was whole and entire; and the general public benefitted only indirectly. As late as 1849, even the moderate reform politician 2139:

A strengthened Executive Council would further usurp much of the elected assembly's legislative role, leaving elected politicians to simply review the administration's legislative program and budgets.

4200:. When the regiment was disbanded, Rev. Macdonell appealed to the government to grant its members a tract of land in Canada, and, in 1804, 160,000 acres (60,000 ha) were provided in what is now 2343:

arrived in the community of Scott's Plains. The British Parliament had approved an experimental emigration plan to transport poor Irish families to Upper Canada in 1822. The scheme was managed by

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that called for a Constitutional Convention in July 1837, and began organising local "Vigilance Committees" to elect delegates. This became the organizational structure for the Rebellion of 1837.

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example, rather than hire labour, they met their labour needs through "work bees." such farmers are said to be 'subsistence oriented' and not to respond to market cues; rather, they engage in a

2085:" undercut the Tories and gradually led the public to reject what it viewed as poor administration, unfair land and education policies, and inadequate attention to urgent transportation needs. 1793: 4279:

to argue for the rights of Methodists in the province and, later, to help convince rank-and-file Methodists that a merger with British Wesleyans (effected in 1833) was in their best interest.

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in the Ohio Valley came north to Ontario, a good portion settling on land lots and began farming. It is estimated that thousands of escaped slaves entered Upper Canada from the United States.

4243:. Tensions between the Scottish and Irish came to a head when O'Grady was defrocked, in part for his activities in the Reform movement. He went on to edit a Reform newspaper in Toronto, the 2416:

to be assigned and vested in the Crown (for which 22,345 acres (9,043 ha) were set aside), where the revenues would be remitted to the Church. The act also provided for the creation of

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between Great Britain and the United States, leading to several battles in Upper Canada. The United States attempted to capture Upper Canada, but the war ended with the situation unchanged.

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functioned as the lower house in the Parliament of Upper Canada. Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Lieutenant Governor, Executive Council, and Legislative Council.

4156:. Strachan was part of the oligarchic ruling class of the province, and besides leading the Church of England, also sat on the Executive Council, the Legislative Council, helped found the 3881:/Windsor area came in the 18th century during the French regime. A second wave came in the 19th and early 20th centuries to the areas of Eastern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. In the 9950: 930:

The territories of contemporary southern Ontario and southern Quebec were initially maintained as the single province of Quebec, as it had been under the French. From 1763 to 1791, the

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The Act of Union 1840, passed 23 July 1840 by the British Parliament and proclaimed by the Crown on 10 February 1841, merged Upper Canada with Lower Canada to form the short-lived

1731:, all of Toronto. They were critical to introducing the British Political Unions to Upper Canada. Political Unions were not parties. The unions organised petitions to Parliament. 1522: 3933:. As a consequence, many Canadian slaves fled south to New England and New York, where slavery was no longer legal. Many American slaves who had escaped from the South via the 4480:

Paper currency was issued primarily by the Bank of Upper Canada, although with the diversification of the banking system, each bank would issue its own distinctive notes.

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partners, William Guild and Co., who had established themselves in Toronto in 1832. As a wholesale firm, the Buchanan's had invested more than £10,000 in their business.

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Justices of the Peace were appointed by the Lt. Governor. Any two justices meeting together could form the lowest level of the justice system, the Courts of Request. A

3885:, in particular, some families have moved back and forth across the Ottawa River for generations (the river is the border between Ontario and Quebec). In the city of 4398:, a series of clandestine attacks on large farmers who refused relief to unemployed agricultural workers. The area hardest hit – Kent – was the area where 1621: 5297:

from 10 February 1841, to 1 July 1867. Its boundaries were identical to those of the former province of Upper Canada. Lower Canada would also become Canada East.

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that burned the villages of the Iroquois in New York State in 1779 the refugees fled to Fort Niagara and other British posts, and remained permanently in Canada.

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This union was reorganised as the Canadian Alliance Society (1835). It shared a large meeting space in the market buildings with the Mechanics Institute and the

1336: 838:. The division was created to ensure the exercise of the same rights and privileges enjoyed by loyal subjects elsewhere in the North American colonies. In 1812, 4441:

was to complain that "unless a stop were made to it, there would be nothing but corporations from one end of the country to the other." Radical reformers, like

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Schrauwers, Albert (Spring 2010). "The Gentlemanly Order & the Politics of Production in the Transition to Capitalism in the Home District, Upper Canada".

1779: 1738:

was in England. This union collected 19,930 signatures on a petition protesting Mackenzie's unjust expulsion from the House of Assembly by the Family Compact.

1407: 1372: 10064: 7874: 3793: 2213: 7412:

Grabb, Edward; Duncan, Jeff; Baer, Douglas (2000). "Defining Moments and Recurring Myths: Comparing Canadians and Americans after the American Revolution".

8620: 8094: 6448: 1402: 4204:, Canada. In 1815, he began his service as the first Roman Catholic Bishop at St. Raphael's Church in the Highlands of Ontario. In 1819, he was appointed 3723:

Although the province is frequently referred to as "English Canada" after the Union of the Canadas, and its ethnic homogeneity said to be a factor in the

10054: 1452: 7353:

The Statutes of the Province of Upper Canada: Together with Such British Statutes, Ordinances of Quebec, and Proclamationsas relate to the said province

5181:

On 13 January 1838, under attack by British armaments, the rebels fled. Mackenzie went to the United States where he was arrested and charged under the

10059: 4782:

bordering New York; a route which would have left British supply ships vulnerable to an attack. Westward from Montreal, travel would proceed along the

1304:

proclaimed it an ideal government, especially as contrasted with the rowdy democracy in the nearby United States. The Family Compact emerged from the

9334: 1636: 4670:'s major industry in terms of employment and value of the product. The largest supplier of square red and white pine to the British market was the 4569:

in 1822. Toronto and Kingston then underwent a boom in the number of increasingly specialised shops and wholesalers. The Toronto wholesale firm of

1442: 1085: 103: 9928:

Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the

1652: 1462: 674: 7787: 1591: 6574:

Schrauwers, Albert (2011). "'Money bound you – money shall loose you': Micro-credit, Social Capital and the Meaning of Money in Upper Canada".

2086: 659: 10069: 9493: 4706:

The complete First Welland Canal including the Feeder Canal and the extension to Port Colborne. The present-day canal is marked in pale grey.

4533:

extent of their personal property. The formation of new joint-stock banks blossomed in 1835 in the aftermath of a parliamentary report by Dr

1113: 9921: 9904: 9782: 7764: 7501: 5239: 4810:

The Welland Canal was created to directly link Lake Erie with Lake Ontario, bypassing Niagara Falls and the Erie Canal. It was the idea of

987:

ended in 1783, Britain retained control of the area north of the Ohio River. The official boundaries remained undefined until 1795 and the

726: 621: 4345:

were generally German-speaking and immigrated as Later Loyalists from Pennsylvania. Many of their descendants continue to speak a form of

9373: 7549: 2220:

Prior to the creation of Upper Canada in 1791, much land had already been ceded by the First Nations to the Crown in accordance with the

2120: 2110: 1329: 117: 9063: 9057: 8159: 7990: 7985: 1766: 1612: 1507: 1297: 1267:

Additional districts were created from the existing districts as the population grew until 1849, when local government mainly based on

1125: 1097: 1089: 1061:

Upper Canada's constitution was said to be "the very image and transcript" of the British constitution, and based on the principle of "

4878:(110 feet; 34 m), launched in the spring of 1817 at Sacketts Harbor, New York, was the first steamboat on the Great Lakes. While 10034: 9119: 7558: 5359: 5226: 4534: 4272: 1878: 300: 7892: 7387:(McGill-Queen's University Press; 2012) 248 pages; building a common system of schooling in the late-18th and early 19th centuries. 6290: 4181: 3291: 1417: 1101: 17: 6320: 2224:. The first treaty was between the Seneca and the British in 1764, giving access to lands adjoining the Niagara River. During the 2075:, a secret anti-British American militia that emerged in states around the Great Lakes. They launched the Patriot War in 1838–39. 10039: 4761:

to New York city after its completion in 1825. Upper Canadians sought to build a similar system that would tie this trade to the

1562: 1467: 10074: 8967: 8004: 7759: 7624: 4300: 1734:

The Upper Canada Central Political Union was organised in 1832–33 by Dr Thomas David Morrison (mayor of Toronto in 1836) while

1322: 9328: 8152: 7975: 7774: 7711: 7313: 7278: 7228: 7122: 7075: 7003: 5197: 2347:, a member of the Family Compact and brother of the Attorney General. Scott's Plains was renamed Peterborough in his honour. 1537: 4561:

largest pre-war merchants who imported directly from Britain retired from business as a result; Quetton St. George in 1815,

9666: 9276: 8502: 7820: 7807: 7722: 7698: 4362: 4213: 1542: 1216: 1196: 1188: 920: 916: 631: 596: 290: 6114: 5014:(10 September 1813) and forced the British to retreat from the western areas. On the retreat they were intercepted at the 9606: 8388: 8273: 8045: 7851: 7599: 7566: 7483: 4265:

The undisputed leader of the highly fractious Methodists in Upper Canada was Egerton Ryerson, editor of their newspaper,

4217: 4193: 3889:

some areas such as Vanier and Orleans have a rich Franco-heritage where families often have members on both sides of the

2135:

for often violent support. It was Sydenham who played a critical role in transforming Compact Tories into Conservatives.

1492: 1204: 1184: 1069: 854: 275: 6789: 2039: 9324: 7928: 6199: 4906: 4515: 4446: 2240: 2043:

Drawing showing the fatal shooting of Col. Robert Moodie outside John Montgomery's tavern in Toronto on 4 December 1837

1914: 1802: 931: 764: 606: 543: 422: 2247:

Land was granted to these allied Six Nations who had served on the British side during the American Revolution by the

9486: 8679: 7377: 7185: 7101: 7056: 7033: 6100: 6066: 4316: 2429: 2424:

a corporate identity so that they could hold property (although none were created until 1836, prior to the recall of

1753:. The Canadian Alliance Society adopted much of the platform (such as secret ballot & universal suffrage) of the 1132: 1073: 249: 4925:

or footpaths used for transportation by horse or stagecoaches along the key settlements between London to Kingston.

179: 9359: 9346: 8035: 7270:

Union is Strength: W.L. Mackenzie, the Children of Peace and the Emergence of Joint Stock Democracy in Upper Canada

6868: 2436:

would later pass an Act in 1866 to authorize the disposal of such glebe and rectory lands not specifically used as

2078: 875: 719: 222: 198: 5443: 5393: 4585:. The Storehouse expedited the sale of farmer's wheat to Montreal, and provided them with cheaper consumer goods. 3862: 9575: 9306: 8144: 8084: 7542: 6092: 5262: 5155:

on 13 December. They obtained supplies from supporters in the United States, resulting in British reprisals (see

4223:

Macdonell's role on the Legislative Council was one of the tensions with the Toronto congregation, led by Father

1615:, acknowledged leader of the Family Compact, member of the Legislative Assembly and later the Legislative Council 636: 210: 2324:, Scotland in the 18th century. In the early 19th century, many of the weavers emigrated to Canada, settling in 10044: 9869: 9397: 9011: 8905: 8722: 8406: 6970: 4863: 4578: 4236: 2572: 2344: 1679: 1437: 1412: 1397: 1249: 1237: 1231: 1227:

Local government in the province of Upper Canada was based on districts. In 1788, four districts were created:

1109: 823: 934:

maintained its French language, cultural behavioural expectations, practices and laws. The British passed the

9679: 9443: 9194: 8635:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003. 8532: 8464: 8055: 6815: 5903: 4288: 3850: 3272: 2698: 2385:

of a Protestant clergy" in lieu of tithes. The revenue from the lease of these lands was claimed by the Rev.

31: 7385:

The Idea of Popular Schooling in Upper Canada: Print Culture, Public Discourse, and the Demand for Education

5487: 2401:

were members of the body corporate, the act prepared in 1819 by Strachan's former student, Attorney General

9479: 8929: 8853: 8829: 8823: 8180: 6214: 6058: 5201: 2355: 1121: 245: 6930: 6179: 5192:

The extended series of incidents comprising the Patriot War were finally settled by US Secretary of State

64: 9990: 9896: 9562: 8412: 7704: 6873: 6359: 5792:

McKay, Ian (2000). "The Liberal Order Framework: A prospectus for a reconnaissance of Canadian History".

5373: 5252: 5238:

Midland Grammar School – created to replace Kingston Grammar School established in 1792 and later became

5126: 5072: 5029: 4910: 4815: 4594: 4420: 4350: 4177: 3938: 2255:. The nature of the grant and the administration of land sales by Upper Canada and Canada is a matter of 1392: 1117: 1000: 712: 626: 616: 513: 488: 6850:

The Battle of the Thames: In Which Kentuckians Defeated the British, French and Indians, 5 October 1813.

4502:

The Bank of Upper Canada was "captured" from Kingston merchants by the York elite at the instigation of

2408:

The clergy reserves were not the only types of landed endowment for the Anglican Church and clergy. The

9634: 9411: 9385: 9282: 9051: 8118: 8040: 7980: 7897: 7535: 6166: 4390: 4260: 3930: 3906: 2303: 2225: 2221: 2098: 1961: 1180: 1005: 984: 313: 1975: 9925:; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena. 9568: 9524: 9246: 8957: 8632: 8602: 8360: 7025:

The Emigrant's Handbook of Facts Concerning Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Cape of Good Hope, &c

6423: 6364: 5492: 5294: 5281: 5091: 4637: 4562: 4376:

The roots of Wilmot-Horton's "assisted emigration" policies began in April 1820, in the middle of an

4201: 4123: 4108: 3956: 3950: 3858: 3709: 1716: 1512: 1045: 157: 6137: 4886:

began active service first. The first steamboat on the upper Great Lakes was the passenger-carrying

1077: 9749: 9457: 9404: 9312: 9270: 9234: 9188: 8803: 8452: 8394: 7654: 6398: 6345:

Cooper, Afua, "Acts of Resistance: Black Men and Women Engage Slavery in Upper Canada, 1793–1803,"

5640: 4811: 4582: 3737: 3724: 2256: 2153: 1947: 1853: 1689: 901: 756: 563: 524: 5939: 4425:

There were two types of corporate actors at work in the Upper Canadian economy: the legislatively

9966: 9798: 9673: 9641: 9622: 9288: 9240: 9182: 8891: 8835: 8211: 8000: 7511: 7288: 5140: 4541:" which was set up by Toronto's Reformers. The Bank of the People provided the loan that allowed 4467: 4224: 3912: 3271:

to the east. The tract was purchased by the Canada Company for resale to settlers. Influenced by

3260: 2325: 1857: 1832: 1828: 1724: 1720: 1693: 1482: 1447: 6863: 5687: 5669: 4581:. The Farmers Storehouse Company was formed in the Home District and is probably Canada's first 3969: 1771: 9437: 9418: 9294: 9258: 9030: 9018: 8917: 8797: 8785: 8673: 8628: 8616: 8247: 7965: 7923: 7693: 7678: 7644: 7629: 7453: 7351: 5302: 5182: 5130: 5114: 5048: 4819: 4566: 4542: 4507: 4442: 4381: 4267: 3902: 3218: 2363: 2276: 2248: 2082: 2064: 2060: 2030: 1967: 1953: 1892: 1870: 1849: 1845: 1820: 1735: 1712: 1705: 1697: 1675: 1527: 1377: 1357: 1156: 992: 889: 858: 679: 664: 641: 611: 7345:. Toronto: Toronto : Printed by S. Derbishire and G. Desbarats, law printer to the Queen. 7303: 6156: 5010:

was held under British control until it was abandoned in 1813. The Americans won the decisive

2396:

The Clergy Corporation was incorporated in 1819 to manage the clergy reserves. After the Rev.

1757:

National Union of the Working Classes in London, England, that were to be integrated into the

10029: 9976: 9582: 8737: 8514: 8496: 8305: 8236: 7879: 7589: 7218: 6399:"The Parish of St. Raphael Glengarry Emigration of 1786 Bishop Alexander Macdonell 1762–1840" 6052: 5054: 5042: 4959: 4757:, threatened to divert all of the grain and other trade on the upper Great Lakes through the 4617: 4403: 4399: 4386: 4334: 4320: 4228: 4165: 3980: 3394: 3210: 3144: 2402: 2131:

certainties." Like governors Bond Head before him, and Metcalfe after, he was to turn to the

1982: 1910: 1750: 1728: 1627: 1502: 1387: 1020: 941: 897: 760: 7797: 7527: 7392:

Government on fire: the history and archaeology of Upper Canada's first Parliament Buildings

7268: 7112: 6993: 6193: 5550: 4702: 2004: 9887: 9705: 9618: 9552: 9530: 9431: 9391: 9300: 9264: 9202: 9127: 8815: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8099: 7995: 7950: 7913: 7908: 7864: 5251:, later becoming Royal Grammar School, Toronto High School and finally to the current name 5098:

Many other battles were fought in American territory bordering Upper Canada, including the

5066: 5015: 4874:(170 feet; 52 m), launched on 7 September 1816, at Ernestown, Ontario or the US-built 4802:. The work started in 1826, and was completed 6 years later in 1832 at a cost of £822,000. 4643: 4489: 4434: 4295: 4186:

Father Alexander Macdonell was a Scottish Catholic priest who formed his evicted clan into

4161: 4157: 3991: 3934: 3276: 3214: 2496: 1427: 1367: 1191:. When the capital was first moved to Toronto (then called York) from Newark (present-day 924: 808: 669: 7220:

The Capacity To Judge: Public Opinion and Deliberative Democracy in Upper Canada,1791-1854

7023: 908:, which had been defeated in the French and Indian War. The British had won control after 8: 9366: 9169: 9076: 9024: 8911: 8899: 8879: 8867: 8779: 8570: 8482: 7688: 7668: 7634: 5099: 5079: 5060: 5011: 4732: 4624:) are a well documented example. They were the most prosperous agricultural community in 4555: 4430: 4426: 3925: 3389: 3364: 3222: 2461:

Townships reserved for Common School Lands in Upper Canada - Lands disposable (in acres)

2229: 1990: 1643: 1477: 1192: 1030: 953: 893: 827: 127: 7475:

Mapping Upper Canada 1780–1867: an annotated bibliography of manuscript and printed maps

6298: 4983: 9612: 9594: 9534: 9425: 9151: 9113: 9089: 9070: 8961: 8508: 8434: 8400: 8299: 8279: 8205: 7960: 7955: 7468: 7425: 7340: 7206: 7174: 7045: 6912: 6904: 6771: 6591: 6462: 6324: 6241: 6125: 6035:

The Political and Administrative History of the Upper Canada Clergy Reserves, 1790–1855

5878: 5809: 5248: 5152: 5085: 5007: 4944: 4779: 4683: 4538: 4527: 4511: 4240: 4142: 4137: 4133: 3960:

census in 1841, only half of the population of Upper Canada were foreign-born British.

3454: 3437: 3338: 3303: 2664: 2433: 2379: 2359: 2114: 2090: 2072: 2026: 1918: 1900: 1836: 1382: 1309: 1034: 1014: 863: 688: 650: 573: 497: 435: 132: 7176:

The Canada Company and the Huron Tract, 1826–1853: Personalities, Profits and Politics

3806: 9972: 9558: 9176: 9141: 8873: 8761: 8709: 8703: 8687: 8526: 8520: 8470: 8440: 8370: 7970: 7649: 7373: 7309: 7274: 7257: 7224: 7181: 7118: 7097: 7090: 7085: 7071: 7052: 7029: 6999: 6916: 6775: 6595: 6106: 6096: 6062: 5813: 5364: 5233: 5222: 5186: 5171: 4967: 4963: 4948: 4851: 4762: 4750: 3384: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3313: 2437: 2390: 2281: 1684:

There were many outstanding individual reform politicians in Upper Canada, including

1567: 1105: 778: 533: 326: 84: 7683: 1711:

The next wave of organised Reform activity emerged in the 1830s through the work of

9929: 9862: 9854: 9846: 9774: 9685: 9653: 9540: 9340: 9252: 9037: 8563: 8556: 8458: 8343: 8288: 8068: 8010: 7918: 7421: 6896: 6763: 6583: 6321:"Complete History of the Canadian Metis Culturework=Metis nation of the North West" 5832: 5801: 5762: 5648: 5268: 5103: 4754: 4740: 3854: 3776: 3448: 3424: 3348: 3246: 2336: 2198: 1432: 1260: 1081: 772: 768: 147: 8174: 6887:

Bonthius, Andrew (2003). "The Patriot War of 1837–1838: Locofocoism with a Gun?".

6221:. Vol. II (1831-1836). Toronto: Warwick Bros. & Rutter. pp. 102–105. 4913:, and Henry Gildersleeve, each of whom would have invested a substantial fortune. 4715: 3811:

Many British and French-Canadian fur traders married First Nations women from the

1741: 1296:

class structure and adherence to the established Anglican Church. Leaders such as

1149: 9882: 9659: 9588: 9379: 9318: 9157: 8841: 8743: 8446: 8020: 7745: 7672: 7487: 7338: 6966: 5890: 5156: 5110: 4940: 4932: 4839: 4799: 4724: 4652: 4621: 4346: 4256: 4205: 3873:, and later part of the province of Quebec until Quebec was split into Upper and 3844: 3840: 3828: 3824: 3414: 3404: 3353: 3343: 3209:

The plan for the Canada Company was promoted by the province's Attorney General,

2509: 2313: 1497: 1093: 38: 7517: 7450:

Kingston, Ont. : Institute for Economic Research, Queen's University, 1997.

6816:"The First Generation of Marine Engines in Central Canadian Steamers, 1809–1837" 6271:

Ankli, Robert E.; Duncan, Kenneth (1984). "Farm Making Costs in Early Ontario".

6083: 3259:

The Huron Tract lies in the counties of Huron, Perth, Middlesex and present-day

2166:

The First Nations occupying the territory that was to become Upper Canada were:

1314: 9767: 9755: 9600: 9216: 9145: 9134: 8923: 8885: 8791: 8755: 8749: 8715: 8253: 8176: 7841: 7639: 7292: 6037:. Toronto: PhD Thesis, Dept. of History, University of Toronto. pp. 133ff. 5337: 5323: 5213: 5193: 5175: 5036: 4936: 4902: 4843: 4656: 4648: 4570: 4474: 4450: 4438: 4153: 3768: 3428: 3419: 3399: 3280: 3180: 2375: 2299: 2190: 2094: 2056: 1996: 1874: 1866: 1658: 1532: 1345: 1286: 1209: 1062: 850: 835: 702: 601: 234: 172: 161: 7480: 6767: 6587: 5419: 4663:, which had large exporting facilities and easy access to the Atlantic Ocean. 71: 10023: 10005: 9992: 9808: 9628: 8809: 8693: 8132: 7945: 7143: 6110: 5351: 5160: 5148: 4675: 4609: 4503: 4395: 4330: 4149: 4127: 3882: 3784: 3433: 3229:," and Allan to sell the Crown reserves already surveyed in other districts. 3185: 2906: 2445: 2425: 2397: 2386: 1824: 1685: 1597: 1547: 1457: 1301: 1243: 1166: 940:

in 1774, which expanded the Quebec colony's authority to include part of the

796: 7506: 5271:– grammar school is gone and is now the site of General Brock Public School. 880: 803:. The "upper" prefix in the name reflects its geographic position along the 9838: 9546: 9101: 9082: 8847: 8582: 8489: 8428: 8422: 8030: 7933: 7749: 5212:

In 1807 the Grammar School Act allowed the government to take over various

4869: 4847: 4783: 4758: 4736: 4720: 4671: 4667: 3890: 3874: 2252: 2132: 2010: 1888: 1487: 1422: 1010: 909: 831: 812: 788: 108:

Map of Upper Canada (orange) with 21st-century Canada (pink) surrounding it

7448:

Growth and standard of living in a pioneer economy: Upper Canada 1826–1851

5946:. Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. 15 February 2013 5766: 5170:

affair is also now invoked frequently in the course of the dispute around

4477:

equalled £1 2s 2¾d (until 1820), and £1 2s 6½d Halifax pounds after 1820.

3225:

to manage the company's Upper Canadian business. Jones was to manage the "

2235: 505: 9955: 9451: 9352: 9163: 8767: 8667: 8382: 8376: 7940: 6496:

Baehre, Rainer (1981). "Pauper Emigration to Upper Canada in the 1830s".

6215:"V: Educational Provisions of the Upper Canada Legislature in 1832, 1833" 6054:

Anglicans in Canada: Controversies and Identity in Historical Perspective

5940:"Upper Canada Land Surrenders and the Williams Treaties (1764-1862/1923)" 5805: 5144: 5134: 5000: 4995: 4988: 4660: 4625: 4406:. One of his jobs was to force the unemployed into "Houses of Industry." 4377: 4197: 3747: 3254: 3226: 3125:

In place of lands in reserved townships that had been sold to individuals

2340: 2317: 2157: 2124: 2093:

in 1841. Responsible government did not occur until the late 1840s under

2034: 1896: 1517: 1472: 1305: 949: 839: 804: 752: 284: 269: 6949:"Western District Grammar School – Southwestern Ontario Digital Archive" 6908: 6245: 5473: 9228: 9209: 8952: 8731: 8350: 8267: 7902: 7613: 7441:

The Firebrand: William Lyon Mackenzie and the Rebellion in Upper Canada

7092:

The Union of the Canadas: The Growth of Canadian Institutions 1841–1857

5018:(5 October 1813) and destroyed in a major American victory that killed 4746: 4613: 4494: 3870: 3318: 3283:. The Canada Company was the administrative agent for the Huron Tract. 3264: 2128: 2089:

led to the administrative unification of Upper and Lower Canada as the

1362: 988: 936: 905: 800: 792: 784: 7068:

The Scottish pioneers of Upper Canada, 1784–1855: Glengarry and beyond

6195:

The Origin, History and Management of the University of King's College

4306: 1155:

The third Parliament Building in York, built between 1829 and 1832 at

999:"Upper Canada" became a political entity on 26 December 1791 with the 9874: 8727: 8476: 8260: 8025: 7735: 7406:

The lion, the eagle, and Upper Canada: a developing colonial ideology

7208:

Planting the Province: The Economic History of Upper Canada 1784–1870

7047:

Assisting Emigration to Upper Canada: The Petworth Project, 1832–1837

6900: 4922: 4891: 4598: 4409: 4369: 4312: 3820: 3369: 3268: 2441: 2228:

most of the First Nations supported the British. After the Americans

2052: 977: 973: 7249:

Seeds of Empire: The American Revolutionary Conquest of the Iroquois

7197:

The Upper Canada Trade 1834–1872: A Study of the Buchanan's Business

6948: 6180:

An Act to provide for the sale of the Rectory Lands in this Province

4943:

by 1794. The road was further extended eastward with new capital of

4449:

who objected to the legislated monopolies granted to members of the

9802: 9717: 8996: 8948: 8697: 8624: 8610: 8606: 8576: 8364: 5019: 4766: 4679: 2161: 1758: 965: 957: 913: 748: 6754:

Aitken, Hugh G.T. (1953). "Yates and McIntyre: Lottery Managers".

4105:

Source: Statistics Canada website Censuses of Canada 1665 to 1871.

3706:

Source: Statistics Canada website Censuses of Canada 1665 to 1871.

9711: 9044: 9004: 8597: 8354: 8313: 7579: 7305:

Popular Politics and Political Culture in Upper Canada, 1800-1850

5285: 4795: 4342: 4239:

in 1828. From January 1829 he was pastor of St. Paul's church in

4209: 3878: 3764: 3442: 3307: 2417: 2329: 2321: 2186: 1801: 1754: 1038: 961: 945: 472: 136: 7294:

The Family Compact: A Chronicle of the Rebellion in Upper Canada

7165:

British Emigration Policy 1815–1830: 'Shovelling Out the Paupers

4838:, named after its promoter Pierre Desjardins, was built to give 4659:

which held living quarters for men on their six-week journey to

2312:

were a community of handweavers established in the community of

1212:, that came to dominate government and economy in the province. 849:

came to be dominated by a small group of persons, known as the "

9721: 9096: 8861: 8639: 8241: 7619: 4791: 4787: 4691: 4687: 4325: 4232: 3886: 3816: 3772: 3409: 3378: 3374: 2421: 2194: 2068: 1268: 1041:), which was judged to be less vulnerable to attack by the US. 846: 816: 463: 7114:

Upper Canada: The Formative Years, 1784-1841, republished 2013

5865: 5258:

St. Catherine's and District Grammar School (Niagara District)

4192:

regiment, of which he was chaplain. He was the first Catholic

1136:

Assembly but were usually members of the Legislative Council.

9222: 8944: 8416: 7557: 6788:

The debate is addressed by Barlow Cumberland in Chapter 2 of

5859: 5838: 4901:

The major owner-operators of steamships on Lake Ontario were

3241: 2413: 1630:, 8th Mayor of Toronto and member of the Legislative Assembly 1068:

The Executive arm of government in the colony consisted of a

7481:

Moving Here, Staying Here: The Canadian Immigrant Experience

6449:"Why is Canada the most tolerant country in the world? Luck" 5025:

Major battles fought on territory in Upper Canada included:

4642:

The Ottawa River timber trade resulted from Napoleon's 1806

4521: 4208:

of Upper Canada, which in 1826 was erected into a suffragan

8773: 5850: 5844: 5267:

Western District Grammar School in Sandwich or current day

3812: 3286: 2147: 969: 7522: 7339:

Stewart Derbishire and George Desbarats, printers (1859).

5856: 5006:

Detroit was captured by the British on 6 August 1812. The

1179:

The Legislative branch of the government consisted of the

130:

1792–1797 (renamed Niagara 1798, Niagara-on-the-Lake 1970)

10050:

Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas

4227:. O'Grady, like Macdonell, had been an army chaplain (to 2358:

emigrated in 1791, where he became personal secretary to

2251:(1784). Haldimand had purchased a tract of land from the 1661:, 13th Parliament of Upper Canada representing Brockville 1646:, 1st Baronet of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada 7370:

Land Power and Economics on the Frontier of Upper Canada

5753:

Greer, Allan (1995). "1837–38: Rebellion Reconsidered".

4745:

The early nineteenth century was the age of canals. The

2104: 1600:, the acknowledged Anglican leader of the Family Compact 1009:. The act divided the province of Quebec into Upper and 5221:

Eastern Grammar School in New Johnstown or current day

4868:

There is disagreement as to whether the Canadian-built

3849:

Early settlements in the region include the Mission of

952:

including much of what would become the United States'

923:

took formal control of the Great Lakes region in 1760.

7507:

Upper Canada - History of Ontario - Ontario Government

7051:. Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. 6159: (C.C.U.C. 12 May 1856).; affirmed on appeal, 5225:– founded as Cornwall Grammar School and later became 4402:, later Lt. Governor of Upper Canada in 1836, was the 3823:

First Nations. The majority of these fur traders were

2270: 1065:" – a balance of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy. 9827: 8960:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the 5862: 5847: 5632: 5300:

The area was named the province of Ontario under the

5200:, in the course of their negotiations leading to the 4727:

and the old "Union Station" visible in the background

4651:

down the Ottawa River was proved possible in 1806 by

6959: 6270: 5841: 5313: 4697: 4694:), was a major lumber and sawmill centre of Canada. 767:

since 1763. Upper Canada included all of modern-day

7015:

Where Rivers Meet: An Illustrated History of Ottawa

5885:, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999), and 5853: 5835: 5003:, kept Upper Canada part of British North America. 4307:

Mennonites, Tunkers, Quakers, and Children of Peace

1076:, and the Officers of the Crown (equivalent to the 7205: 7173: 7142: 7089: 7044: 6862:Armstrong, Frederick H.; Stagg, Ronald J. (1976). 5448:, Revised Statutes of Canada 1985, App. II, No. 3. 5113:(ratified in 1815) ended the war and restored the 4962:from 1799 to 1900 and later extended eastwards to 4577:Another of those new wholesale businesses was the 4410:Trade, monetary policy, and financial institutions 7454:Rea, J. Edgar. "Rebellion in Upper Canada, 1837" 7414:The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 7349: 5639:Mills, David; Panneton, Daniel (20 March 2017) . 5120: 4814:who owned a sawmill, grist mill and store on the 2020: 1344: 10021: 7136:. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. 6790:A Century of Sail and Steam on the Niagara River 6219:Documentary History of Education in Upper Canada 5825: 5823: 5022:and broke the power of Britain's Indian allies. 3143:King's College University, later renamed as the 1090:Auditor General of Land Patents for Upper Canada 7411: 7372:McGill-Queen's University Press (2001) 747pp. ( 4822:) as the new Lake Erie terminus for the canal. 8090:Areas disputed by Canada and the United States 7043:Cameron, Wendy; Maude, Mary McDougall (2000). 6872:. Vol. IX (1861–1870) (online ed.). 6861: 6225: 4999:decisive action by the British commander, Sir 4921:Besides marine travel, Upper Canada had a few 948:), and other western territories south of the 826:and settlers from the United States after the 799:, excluding any lands within the watershed of 759:, to govern the central third of the lands in 10080:States and territories disestablished in 1841 9487: 8160: 7543: 7465:Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine and Robert Baldwin 6931:"Education in Upper Canada From 1783 To 1844" 6283: 6183:, S.Prov.C. 1866, c. 16 , as amended by c. 17 5820: 5638: 5261:London District Grammar School latter became 4250: 3877:in 1791. The first wave of settlement in the 3834: 1803:Members of the Reform Movement (Upper Canada) 1787: 1561:Mackenzie, William Lyon (19 September 1833). 1330: 853:", who held most of the top positions in the 720: 10065:1841 disestablishments in the British Empire 9922:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 9905:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 9783:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 8095:Proposed provinces and territories of Canada 7242:. Belleville, Ont.: Mika Publishing Company. 7158:. Mississauga, Ontario: Heirloom Publishing. 7042: 6965: 6526: 6046: 6044: 5240:Kingston Collegiate and Vocational Institute 3896: 2369: 1056: 822:Upper Canada was the primary destination of 776: 4857: 4136:, sought to make the Church of England the 3299:Incorporated in Upper Canada era (to 1841) 2121:Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham 2111:Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham 1114:Provincial Secretary and Registrar's Office 1024:Map of Upper Canada by J. Arrowsmith (1837) 10055:States and territories established in 1791 9494: 9480: 8167: 8153: 7550: 7536: 7523:Early Canadiana Online digital collections 7502:Upper Canada - Library and Archives Canada 7477:. University of Toronto Press, 1991.erdvrv 7399:Political unrest in Upper Canada 1815–1836 7342:The consolidated statutes for Upper Canada 7266: 6668: 6644: 6620: 6608: 6576:Comparative Studies in Society and History 6573: 6561: 6537: 6231: 5740: 5728: 4978: 4973: 4947:in 1795. his road was eventually known as 4380:, where a young, already twice bankrupted 3865:in 1701. Southern Ontario was part of the 3154: 3152: 1794: 1780: 1337: 1323: 727: 713: 102: 10060:1791 establishments in the British Empire 7559:Former colonies and territories in Canada 6991: 6041: 5670:"Biography – ROBINSON, Sir JOHN BEVERLEY" 5591: 5579: 5412: 5360:Former colonies and territories in Canada 5244:Newcastle District Grammar School, Coburg 5227:Cornwall Collegiate and Vocational School 4655:. Squared timber would be assembled into 4522:Bank wars: the Scottish joint-stock banks 3158:Later merged to form Nottawasaga Township 2475:Townships set aside as substituted lands 1560: 1256:The name changes all took place in 1792. 349:258,999 km (100,000 sq mi) 8966:Legitimacy of territorial establishment 7456:Manitoba Historical Society Transactions 7162: 7140: 7084: 6886: 6704: 6692: 6514: 5779: 5456: 5454: 5386: 4982: 4966:in 1817. This road was later renamed as 4714: 4701: 4493: 4324: 4182:Alexander Macdonell (bishop of Kingston) 3359:Incorporated in Canada West (1841-1867) 3290: 3287:List of cities and towns of Upper Canada 3240: 3184: 2280: 2234: 2148:First Nations dispossession and reserves 2119:After the Rebellions, the new governor, 2038: 1740: 1019: 927:was occupied by Roger's forces in 1761. 879: 7287: 7216: 7212:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 7203: 7199:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 7194: 6836: 6801: 6656: 6632: 6549: 6212: 5627: 5567: 4612:seeking 'subsistence insurance' and a ' 4483: 4456: 3149: 2293: 14: 10022: 9951:Historical flags of the British Empire 9935:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985 7408:McGill-Queen's University Press, 1987. 7301: 7255: 7153: 7065: 7021: 6753: 6495: 6483: 6385: 6313: 6081: 6032: 5996: 5984: 5978: 5934: 5932: 5716: 5460: 5106:and naval battles in the Great Lakes. 4301:United Presbyterian Church of Scotland 3970:Irish Canadian § Irish in Ontario 3911:After an initial group of about 7,000 3479: 2451: 1704:collective reform activity began with 1308:and collapsed in the aftermath of the 27:Former British colony in North America 9826: 9738: 9475: 8984: 8656: 8331: 8224: 8148: 7531: 7322: 7246: 7131: 7110: 7096:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. 6995:Handbook of Upper Canadian Chronology 6813: 6741: 6680: 6349:Spring 2007, Vol. 99 Issue 1, pp 5–17 6091:. Historical Booklet No. 23. Ottawa: 6050: 6020: 6008: 5964: 5924: 5791: 5752: 5704: 5615: 5603: 5537: 5525: 5513: 5451: 5198:Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton 5151:, where they declared themselves the 3763:. The plural form of the word is the 2185:. The plural form of the word is the 2105:Sydenham and the Union of the Canadas 1775: 1318: 944:to the west (i.e., parts of southern 857:and appointed officials. In 1837, an 807:, mostly above the headwaters of the 10070:1791 establishments in North America 7262:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. 7237: 7149:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. 7012: 6977:(online ed.). Historica Canada. 6729: 6716: 6120:from the original on 9 October 2022. 5975:Calton is now within Glasgow itself. 5688:"Biography – BOULTON, WILLIAM HENRY" 5445:Section 38, Constitutional Act, 1791 4939:and then to the proposed capital of 4363:Imprisonment for debt (Upper Canada) 4117: 2350: 2332:, where they continued their trade. 1217:Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada 1197:Parliament Buildings of Upper Canada 1078:Officers of the Parliament of Canada 787:, essentially the watersheds of the 9762:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands 8605:. British Cameroons is now part of 7518:Maritime History of the Great Lakes 7458:Series 3, Number 22, 1965–66 online 7308:. McGill-Queen's University Press. 7180:. Toronto: Natural Heritage Books. 7171: 6992:Armstrong, Frederick Henry (1985). 6258: 6085:The Clergy Reserves of Upper Canada 5929: 5232:Johnstown District Grammar School, 4829: 4588: 4216:. In 1826, he was appointed to the 3165: 2271:Loyalists and the land grant system 1222: 1205:Legislative Council of Upper Canada 675:Burning of the Parliament Buildings 24: 8621:unilaterally declared independence 8316:1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802 7446:Lewis, Frank, and M. C. Urquhart. 7426:10.1111/j.1755-618X.2000.tb00595.x 7361: 4171: 4010: 3474: 3134:In lieu of lands granted elsewhere 2285:An 1824 land deed for Upper Canada 1669: 1582:Some Members of the Family Compact 1096:(only one appointment ever made), 25: 10091: 9828:Antarctica and the South Atlantic 9807:Occupied by Argentina during the 9739: 8985: 7495: 7434:Historical essays on Upper Canada 7356:. Kingston: Printed by F.M. Hill. 6969:; Foot, Richard (4 March 2015) . 6866:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). 5551:"Biography – SIMCOE, JOHN GRAVES" 4931:was built beginning in 1793 from 4723:in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, with 4698:Transportation and communications 4498:The Bank of Upper Canada, Toronto 4317:Society of Friends (Upper Canada) 3931:by the British Parliament in 1833 3279:and other businessmen formed the 3174: 2430:Court of Chancery of Upper Canada 2328:and other communities in eastern 1280: 1133:Executive Council of Upper Canada 956:, including the modern states of 904:retained control over the former 250:Executive Council of Upper Canada 10035:1841 disestablishments in Canada 9971: 9962: 9961: 9374:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8126: 8114: 8113: 8085:Territorial evolution after 1867 7240:Bytown: The Early Days of Ottawa 6869:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 6273:Canadian Papers in Rural History 5831: 5692:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 5674:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 5555:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 5344: 5330: 5316: 5247:Home District Grammar School in 4987:Painting depicting the death of 4805: 4506:in 1821, with the assistance of 4282: 3981:Scottish Canadian § Ontario 3731: 3718: 2051:was an insurrection against the 2003: 1989: 1974: 1960: 1946: 1651: 1635: 1620: 1605: 1590: 1165: 1148: 1118:Receiver General of Upper Canada 876:Constitutional history of Canada 869: 696: 504: 440: 415: 89: 63: 7273:. University of Toronto Press. 7238:Mika, Nick & Helma (1982). 7223:. University of Toronto Press. 6941: 6923: 6880: 6855: 6842: 6830: 6807: 6795: 6782: 6756:The Journal of Economic History 6747: 6735: 6722: 6710: 6698: 6686: 6674: 6662: 6650: 6638: 6626: 6614: 6602: 6567: 6555: 6543: 6531: 6520: 6508: 6498:Historie Sociale/Social History 6489: 6477: 6455: 6441: 6416: 6391: 6379: 6352: 6339: 6264: 6252: 6206: 6186: 6172: 6144: 6093:Canadian Historical Association 6075: 6026: 6014: 6002: 5990: 5969: 5958: 5918: 5896: 5785: 5773: 5746: 5734: 5722: 5710: 5698: 5680: 5662: 5621: 5609: 5597: 5585: 5573: 5561: 5543: 5293:was the western portion of the 5263:London Central Secondary School 5102:(most in modern-day Michigan), 4772: 4710: 4666:The timber trade was Upper and 4414: 4404:Assistant Poor Law Commissioner 4389:area. A second project was the 4235:). O'Grady followed Baldwin to 4148:The Church was led by the Rev. 3992:English Canadian § Ontario 3919: 3137: 3128: 3119: 1745:Second market in York (Toronto) 919:in 1760, and the British under 884:Map of Upper Canada's districts 637:Book & newspaper publishers 10040:History of Ontario by location 9870:Australian Antarctic Territory 8726:since 1965 (before as part of 8723:British Indian Ocean Territory 8609:, while Tanganyika is part of 8240:since 1960 (before as part of 7490:at Library and Archives Canada 6852:Louisville, Ky.: Morton, 1903. 5904:"Upper Canada Land Surrenders" 5531: 5519: 5507: 5480: 5466: 5437: 5275: 5121:1837 Rebellion and Patriot War 4864:Great Lakes passenger steamers 3245:Huron Tract Purchase area, in 3236: 2021:Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837 1938:Members of the Reform Movement 1680:Reform movement (Upper Canada) 1172:The Great Seal of Upper Canada 423:Province of Quebec (1763–1791) 13: 1: 10075:1791 establishments in Canada 7436:McClelland and Stewart, 1975. 7401:McClelland and Stewart, 1963. 7325:Ottawa: The Capital of Canada 7323:Woods, Shirley E. Jr (1980). 7259:The Trail of the Black Walnut 7156:Allegiance: the Ontario Story 7134:Land Policies of Upper Canada 6998:(revised ed.). Dundurn. 6985: 6971:"Province of Canada, 1841–67" 4958:which was built from York to 4391:Petworth Emigration Committee 4289:Presbyterian Church in Canada 4152:(1778–1867), a pillar of the 4002:1842 Religion in Upper Canada 3863:Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit 3851:Sainte-Marie among the Hurons 3460: 2142: 1346:Members of the Family Compact 1139: 1051: 32:Upper Canada (disambiguation) 8181:British Overseas Territories 7991:British Columbia (1866–1871) 7986:British Columbia (1858–1866) 7514:at The Canadian Encyclopedia 7327:. Toronto: Doubleday Canada. 7251:. New York University Press. 7217:McNairn, Jeffrey L. (2000). 7013:Bond, Courtney C.J. (1984). 6463:"Bishop Alexander MacDonell" 6059:University of Illinois Press 5883:Tuscarora English Dictionary 5207: 4954:A second route was known as 4890:, built in 1818 to navigate 4620:in the village of Hope (now 4194:chaplain in the British Army 4132:The first Lt. Governor, Sir 3957:Great Migration from Britain 2472:Original Royal grant (1797) 985:American War of Independence 912:had surrendered in 1759 and 622:Work and labour organization 7: 9897:British Antarctic Territory 9607:Western Pacific Territories 9501: 7332: 7267:Schrauwers, Albert (2009). 7154:Humber, Charles J. (1991). 7066:Campey, Lucille H. (2005). 6874:University of Toronto Press 6213:Hodgins, J. George (1894). 6169: (C.E.A.U.C. 1857). 5906:. The Canadian Encyclopedia 5374:Timeline of Ontario history 5309: 5253:Jarvis Collegiate Institute 5143:and 200 supporters fled to 5030:Battle of Queenston Heights 4956:Lakeshore Road or York Road 4595:Agriculture in Upper Canada 4579:Farmers' Storehouse Company 4461: 4421:Corporations (Upper Canada) 4178:Roman Catholicism in Canada 3996: 3974: 3755:—or more properly (plural) 3742:See above: Land Settlement 3189:Canada Company Office, 1834 2177:—or more properly (plural) 1275: 1001:Parliament of Great Britain 755:established in 1791 by the 10: 10096: 9635:Gilbert and Ellice Islands 9052:British Arctic Territories 8332: 8225: 7898:British Arctic Territories 7350:James Nickalls Jr (1831). 7256:Reaman, G. Elmore (1957). 7167:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 7117:. McClelland and Stewart. 6848:Young, Bennett Henderson, 6527:Cameron & Maude (2000) 6162:Attorney-General v Grasett 6152:Attorney-General v Grasett 6033:Wilson, George A. (1959). 5794:Canadian Historical Review 5755:Canadian Historical Review 5676:. Vol. IX. 1861–1870. 5279: 5124: 4861: 4730: 4635: 4592: 4553: 4525: 4487: 4465: 4418: 4360: 4356: 4310: 4286: 4261:Methodist Episcopal Church 4254: 4251:Ryerson and the Methodists 4175: 4121: 4111:for population after 1840. 3989: 3985: 3978: 3967: 3948: 3944: 3907:Expulsion of the Loyalists 3900: 3838: 3835:Canadiens/French-Canadians 3804: 3735: 3712:for population after 1840. 3310:), capital of Upper Canada 3252: 3178: 2373: 2304:Petworth Emigration Scheme 2297: 2274: 2226:American Revolutionary War 2222:Royal Proclamation of 1763 2151: 2108: 2099:Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine 2024: 1696:, William Ketchum and Dr. 1673: 1284: 1006:Constitutional Act of 1791 873: 689:Province of Ontario topics 314:Constitutional Act of 1791 262:Parliament of Upper Canada 36: 29: 9946: 9915: 9875:Commonwealth of Australia 9833: 9822: 9793: 9745: 9734: 9700: 9507: 9471: 9277:Newfoundland and Labrador 8991: 8980: 8958:League of Nations mandate 8939: 8663: 8652: 8633:Lancaster House Agreement 8603:League of Nations mandate 8592: 8338: 8327: 8231: 8220: 8187: 8108: 8077: 8054: 7873: 7850: 7829: 7806: 7773: 7721: 7598: 7565: 7486:30 September 2007 at the 7204:McCalla, Douglas (1993). 7195:McCalla, Douglas (1979). 7163:Johnston, H.J.M. (1972). 7111:Craig, Gerald M. (1963). 6975:The Canadian Encyclopedia 6792:. Retrieved 26 March 2011 6768:10.1017/S0022050700070030 6588:10.1017/s0010417511000077 6428:The Canadian Encyclopedia 6365:The Canadian Encyclopedia 6293:What was the Huron Tract? 5694:. Vol. X. 1871–1880. 5645:The Canadian Encyclopedia 5557:. Vol. V. 1801–1820. 5493:The Canadian Encyclopedia 5488:"Constitutional Act 1791" 5303:British North America Act 5295:United Province of Canada 5282:United Province of Canada 4638:Ottawa River timber trade 4631: 4124:Anglican Church of Canada 4109:United Province of Canada 4104: 3951:Great Migration of Canada 3897:Loyalists/Later Loyalists 3710:United Province of Canada 3705: 3492:— 3084: 2905: 2697: 2571: 2508: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2370:Crown and clergy reserves 2079:John Lambton, Lord Durham 2059:in December 1837, led by 1809: 1557: 1352: 1261:Court of Quarter Sessions 1057:Provincial administration 1046:United Province of Canada 783:which had formed part of 651:Province of Canada Topics 456: 394: 386: 382: 372: 362: 358: 353: 345: 340: 336: 323: 310: 306: 296: 281: 266: 258: 244: 240: 228: 216: 204: 192: 188: 178: 168: 153: 143: 123: 113: 101: 79: 60: 55: 48: 9405:Turks and Caicos Islands 8712:(protectorate) 1907–1949 8657: 8284:(integrated into the UK) 7028:. Glasgow: W.R. M'Phun. 6864:"McKenzie, William Lyon" 6465:. catholic-hierarchy.org 5379: 5202:Webster–Ashburton Treaty 5073:Battle of Crysler's Farm 4916: 4858:Lake traffic: steamships 4812:William Hamilton Merritt 4549: 3963: 3800: 3738:First Nations in Ontario 2481:Reinvested in the Crown 2457:distributed as follows: 2154:First Nations in Ontario 896:global conflict and the 757:Kingdom of Great Britain 741:Province of Upper Canada 50:Province of Upper Canada 37:Not to be confused with 18:Province of Upper Canada 9688:1919–1942 and 1945–1968 9513:18th and 19th centuries 9329:Queen Charlotte Islands 9289:North-Western Territory 9261:1665–1674 and 1702–1776 8864:1781–1784 and 1795–1819 8529:1923–1965 and 1979–1980 8212:Commonwealth of Nations 8001:North-Western Territory 7976:Queen Charlotte Islands 7432:Johnston, James Keith. 7172:Lee, Robert C. (2004). 7141:Greening, W.E. (1961). 7132:Gates, Lillian (1968). 7022:Butler, Samuel (1843). 7017:. Windsor Publications. 6051:Hayes, Alan L. (2004). 5944:www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca 5127:Rebellions of 1837–1838 4979:War of 1812 (1812–1815) 4974:United States relations 4468:Coinage of Upper Canada 4378:insurrection in Glasgow 4189:The Glengarry Fencibles 3913:United Empire Loyalists 3261:Lambton County, Ontario 3249:, highlighted in yellow 1858:Marshall Spring Bidwell 1767:Toronto Political Union 1694:Marshall Spring Bidwell 993:United Empire Loyalists 771:and all those areas of 763:, formerly part of the 745:province du Haut-Canada 85:God Save the King/Queen 9438:West Indies Federation 8627:) and continued as an 8210:Current member of the 7302:Wilton, Carol (2001). 7247:Mintz, Max M. (1999). 6814:Lewis, Walter (1997). 6360:"Underground Railroad" 5131:Upper Canada Rebellion 5115:status quo ante bellum 5092:Battle of Lundy's Lane 5049:Battle of Stoney Creek 4991: 4728: 4707: 4543:William Lyon Mackenzie 4539:The Bank of the People 4518:throughout the 1830s. 4499: 4443:William Lyon Mackenzie 4382:William Lyon Mackenzie 4337: 4296:Associate Presbyterian 4268:The Christian Guardian 4245:Canadian Correspondent 3903:United Empire Loyalist 3792:or the "People of the 3725:Upper Canada Rebellion 3296: 3273:William "Tiger" Dunlop 3250: 3203: 3200:Patrick Shirreff, 1835 3190: 2364:Upper Canada Rebellion 2286: 2277:United Empire Loyalist 2249:Haldimand Proclamation 2244: 2212:or the "People of the 2123:, proved an exemplary 2083:responsible government 2065:Lower Canada Rebellion 2061:William Lyon Mackenzie 2049:Upper Canada Rebellion 2044: 2031:Upper Canada Rebellion 1968:William Lyon Mackenzie 1954:Robert Fleming Gourlay 1871:William Warren Baldwin 1821:William Lyon Mackenzie 1746: 1736:William Lyon Mackenzie 1713:William Lyon Mackenzie 1706:Robert Fleming Gourlay 1698:William Warren Baldwin 1676:William Lyon Mackenzie 1298:John Beverley Robinson 1025: 885: 859:unsuccessful rebellion 845:The government of the 777: 744: 665:Responsible Government 612:Upper Canada Rebellion 10045:British North America 9360:Saint Kitts and Nevis 8631:state until the 1979 8237:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 7070:. Dundurn Press Ltd. 6082:Wilson, Alan (1969). 5767:10.3138/chr-076-01-01 5139:Mackenzie, Duncombe, 5055:Battle of Beaver Dams 5043:Battle of Fort George 4986: 4718: 4705: 4618:The Children of Peace 4497: 4431:joint-stock companies 4400:Sir Francis Bond Head 4328: 4321:The Children of Peace 4237:Toronto Gore Township 4229:Connell James Baldwin 4214:Archdiocese of Quebec 4166:University of Toronto 3294: 3244: 3211:John Beverly Robinson 3192: 3188: 3145:University of Toronto 2403:John Beverly Robinson 2284: 2238: 2042: 1761:movement in England. 1744: 1628:William Henry Boulton 1503:William Dummer Powell 1388:William Henry Boulton 1023: 898:French and Indian War 883: 761:British North America 632:Imprisonment for debt 144:Common languages 9888:Realm of New Zealand 9886:(transferred to the 9873:(transferred to the 9706:Realm of New Zealand 9307:Prince Edward Island 9185:1671–1816, 1833–1960 8100:Population of Canada 7951:Prince Edward Island 7463:Saul, John Ralston. 7383:Di Mascio, Anthony. 6820:The Northern Mariner 6057:. Urba and Chicago: 5806:10.3138/chr.81.4.616 5398:Government of Canada 5067:Battle of the Thames 5016:Battle of the Thames 4882:was launched first, 4644:Continental Blockade 4583:Farmers' Cooperative 4490:Bank of Upper Canada 4484:Bank of Upper Canada 4457:Currency and banking 4435:Bank of Upper Canada 4429:and the unregulated 4162:Upper Canada College 4158:Bank of Upper Canada 3937:or fleeing from the 3935:Underground Railroad 3827:and French and were 3788:, also known as the 3217:, the company hired 2497:Upper Canada College 2294:Assisted immigration 2208:, also known as the 1833:William John O'Grady 1725:William John O'Grady 1458:Samuel Peters Jarvis 1438:Christopher Hagerman 1408:W. Allan Crookshanks 1238:Mecklenburg District 1189:legislative assembly 1084:of the Militia, the 925:Fort Michilimackinac 888:As part of the 1763 834:or elsewhere in the 819:) to the northeast. 809:Saint Lawrence River 670:Underground Railroad 660:Legislative Assembly 597:Legislative Assembly 291:Legislative Assembly 30:For other uses, see 10002: / 9919:Since 2009 part of 9811:of April–June 1982. 9398:Trinidad and Tobago 9012:Antigua and Barbuda 8912:Straits Settlements 7893:Newfoundland (1583) 7439:Kilbourn, William. 7394:Eastendbooks, 2001. 7289:Wallace, W. Stewart 6935:canada.yodelout.com 6327:on 26 February 2012 5424:The Flags of Canada 5100:Northwest Territory 5063:, 10 September 1813 5061:Battle of Lake Erie 5012:Battle of Lake Erie 4929:The Governor's Road 4842:, easier access to 4733:First Welland Canal 4556:Metropolitan thesis 4447:political reformers 4427:chartered companies 4396:Captain Swing Riots 4275:. Ryerson used the 4273:Wesleyan Methodists 4218:legislative council 4003: 3926:Act Against Slavery 3869:(Upper Country) of 3467: 3365:Niagara-on-the-Lake 3295:Map of Upper Canada 3223:Thomas Mercer Jones 2462: 2452:Common school lands 2230:launched a campaign 1644:Allan Napier MacNab 1563:"A Political Union" 1232:Lunenburgh District 1193:Niagara-on-the-Lake 1185:legislative council 1070:lieutenant-governor 1031:Niagara-on-the-Lake 954:Northwest Territory 855:Legislative Council 828:American Revolution 607:The Reform Movement 588:Upper Canada Topics 276:Legislative Council 246:Lieutenant-Governor 9071:Cape Breton Island 8962:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty 8804:Unfederated States 8619:Southern Rhodesia 8206:Commonwealth realm 7924:Nova Scotia (1710) 7788:Nova Scotia (1621) 7590:L'Anse aux Meadows 7390:Dieterman, Frank. 6744:, pp. 153–160 6647:, pp. 102–106 6611:, pp. 151–174 6424:"Multiculturalism" 6403:ontarioplaques.com 6202:. 1844. p. 9. 6061:. pp. 59–61. 6023:, pp. 171–179 6011:, pp. 142–144 5743:, pp. 192–199 5731:, pp. 181–184 5719:, pp. 146–147 5420:"Royal Union Flag" 5249:York, Upper Canada 5153:Republic of Canada 5086:Battle of Chippawa 5082:, 10 December 1813 5075:, 11 November 1813 5008:Michigan Territory 4992: 4780:St. Lawrence River 4749:, stretching from 4729: 4708: 4528:Bank of the People 4512:Clergy Corporation 4500: 4351:Pennsylvania Dutch 4338: 4277:Christian Guardian 4143:Church of Scotland 4138:Established Church 4134:John Graves Simcoe 4001: 3767:often used by the 3465: 3455:Stratford, Ontario 3438:Cambridge, Ontario 3297: 3251: 3191: 2492:Surveyor's % 2460: 2434:Province of Canada 2412:also provided for 2380:Clergy Corporation 2360:John Graves Simcoe 2287: 2245: 2241:Province of Quebec 2189:often used by the 2115:Province of Canada 2091:Province of Canada 2055:government of the 2045: 2027:Rebellions of 1837 1983:Thomas D. Morrison 1919:James Hervey Price 1911:Thomas D. Morrison 1901:Anthony Van Egmond 1837:Henry John Boulton 1815: 1747: 1543:Sir David W. Smith 1403:George Crookshanks 1383:Henry John Boulton 1310:Rebellions of 1837 1098:Crown Lands Office 1026: 1015:John Graves Simcoe 1003:'s passage of the 932:Province of Quebec 900:in North America, 886: 864:Province of Canada 811:, contrasted with 765:Province of Quebec 703:Ontario portal 602:The Family Compact 578:1867–present 544:Province of Quebec 498:History of Ontario 436:Province of Canada 139:in 1834) 1797–1841 9985: 9984: 9942: 9941: 9818: 9817: 9750:Providence Island 9730: 9729: 9695: 9694: 9563:Western Australia 9531:Van Diemen's Land 9467: 9466: 9444:Associated States 9142:Columbia District 8976: 8975: 8830:Manila and Cavite 8648: 8647: 8527:Southern Rhodesia 8521:South-West Africa 8471:Northern Rhodesia 8383:Cape of Good Hope 8323: 8322: 8200:Current territory 8142: 8141: 8133:Canada portal 7971:Columbia District 7798:Port Royal Colony 7765:Pacific Northwest 7575:Named territories 7404:Errington, Jane. 7315:978-0-7735-2054-7 7297:. Glasgow, Brook. 7280:978-0-8020-9927-3 7230:978-1-4426-3916-4 7124:978-0-19-900904-6 7077:978-1-897045-01-5 7005:978-0-919670-92-1 6953:swoda.uwindsor.ca 6889:Labour/Le Travail 6669:Schrauwers (2009) 6645:Schrauwers (2009) 6621:Schrauwers (2009) 6609:Schrauwers (2009) 6562:Schrauwers (2010) 6552:, pp. 245247 6538:Schrauwers (2009) 6486:, pp. 40–124 6261:, pp. 98–148 6234:Labour/Le Travail 5829:Haudenosaunee is 5782:, pp. 113–30 5741:Schrauwers (2009) 5729:Schrauwers (2009) 5463:, pp. 10, 20 5234:Maitland, Ontario 5223:Cornwall, Ontario 5187:Whiskey Rebellion 5172:preemptive strike 5032:, 13 October 1812 4888:Walk-In-The-Water 4816:Twelve Mile Creek 4763:St Lawrence River 4678:. They had "rich 4335:Children of Peace 4118:Church of England 4115: 4114: 3777:Algonquin peoples 3716: 3715: 3115: 3114: 2484:Lands disposable 2391:Church of England 2389:on behalf of the 2351:Talbot settlement 2339:from the city of 2199:Algonquin peoples 1933: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1751:Children of Peace 1577: 1576: 1568:Colonial Advocate 1559:Sources include: 1508:Sir John Robinson 1453:William M. Jarvis 1448:William B. Jarvis 1373:D'Arcy Boulton II 1368:G. D'Arcy Boulton 1252:, later "Western" 1240:, later "Midland" 1234:, later "Eastern" 1122:Solicitor General 1106:Inspector General 1074:executive council 824:Loyalist refugees 737: 736: 582: 581: 481: 480: 452: 451: 448: 447: 428: 427: 327:Act of Union 1840 230:• 1837–1841 218:• 1830–1837 206:• 1820–1830 194:• 1791–1820 158:Church of England 94: 16:(Redirected from 10087: 10017: 10016: 10014: 10013: 10012: 10007: 10003: 10000: 9999: 9998: 9995: 9975: 9965: 9964: 9930:Antarctic Treaty 9891: 9878: 9863:Falkland Islands 9855:Tristan da Cunha 9847:Ascension Island 9824: 9823: 9775:Falkland Islands 9736: 9735: 9704:Now part of the 9576:Pitcairn Islands 9541:Auckland Islands 9510: 9509: 9496: 9489: 9482: 9473: 9472: 9458:Windward Islands 9412:Vancouver Island 9189:MassachusettsBay 9058:British Columbia 8982: 8981: 8798:Federated States 8654: 8653: 8564:Tristan da Cunha 8533:Southern Nigeria 8465:Northern Nigeria 8344:Ascension Island 8329: 8328: 8285: 8222: 8221: 8196:Former territory 8193: 8169: 8162: 8155: 8146: 8145: 8131: 8130: 8129: 8117: 8116: 8069:Sverdrup Islands 8065: 8017: 7981:Vancouver Island 7889: 7861: 7838: 7817: 7794: 7784: 7756: 7742: 7732: 7665: 7609: 7586: 7576: 7552: 7545: 7538: 7529: 7528: 7473:Winearls, Joan. 7460:, historiography 7429: 7397:Dunham, Eileen. 7357: 7346: 7328: 7319: 7298: 7284: 7263: 7252: 7243: 7234: 7213: 7211: 7200: 7191: 7179: 7168: 7159: 7150: 7148: 7137: 7128: 7107: 7095: 7086:Careless, J.M.S. 7081: 7062: 7050: 7039: 7018: 7009: 6979: 6978: 6967:Careless, J.M.S. 6963: 6957: 6956: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6901:10.2307/25149383 6884: 6878: 6877: 6859: 6853: 6846: 6840: 6834: 6828: 6827: 6811: 6805: 6799: 6793: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6751: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6726: 6720: 6714: 6708: 6702: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6671:, pp. 41–50 6666: 6660: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6630: 6624: 6618: 6612: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6571: 6565: 6564:, pp. 22–26 6559: 6553: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6529: 6524: 6518: 6517:, pp. 51–54 6512: 6506: 6505: 6493: 6487: 6481: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6470: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6420: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6356: 6350: 6347:Ontario History, 6343: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6323:. 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Archived from 6287: 6281: 6280: 6268: 6262: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6190: 6184: 6176: 6170: 6167:6 Gr 200 6164: 6157:5 Gr 412 6154: 6148: 6142: 6141: 6135: 6131: 6129: 6121: 6119: 6090: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6048: 6039: 6038: 6030: 6024: 6018: 6012: 6006: 6000: 5994: 5988: 5982: 5976: 5973: 5967: 5962: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5936: 5927: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5900: 5894: 5872: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5827: 5818: 5817: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5707:, pp. 93–99 5702: 5696: 5695: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5649:Historica Canada 5641:"Family Compact" 5636: 5630: 5625: 5619: 5618:, pp. 30–31 5613: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5592:Armstrong (1985) 5589: 5583: 5580:Armstrong (1985) 5577: 5571: 5570:, pp. 23–62 5565: 5559: 5558: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5470: 5464: 5458: 5449: 5441: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5400:. 28 August 2017 5390: 5354: 5349: 5348: 5347: 5340: 5335: 5334: 5333: 5326: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5269:Windsor, Ontario 5104:upstate New York 5069:, 5 October 1813 4836:Desjardins Canal 4830:Desjardins Canal 4755:Albany, New York 4741:Desjardins Canal 4589:Wheat and grains 4535:Charles Duncombe 4202:Glengarry County 4012: 4004: 4000: 3859:Sault Ste. Marie 3481: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3267:to the west and 3247:Southern Ontario 3201: 3166:Land sale system 3159: 3156: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3126: 3123: 2478:Lands alienated 2463: 2459: 2418:parish rectories 2337:Irish Immigrants 2081:'s support for " 2067:(in present-day 2007: 1993: 1978: 1964: 1950: 1879:Charles Duncombe 1812: 1811: 1796: 1789: 1782: 1773: 1772: 1655: 1639: 1624: 1609: 1594: 1572: 1513:William Robinson 1433:James FitzGibbon 1339: 1332: 1325: 1316: 1315: 1223:Local government 1169: 1152: 1126:Surveyor General 1086:Attorney General 1082:Adjutant General 894:Seven Years' War 892:which ended the 782: 773:Northern Ontario 769:Southern Ontario 729: 722: 715: 701: 700: 699: 538:1500s–1763 521: 520: 508: 483: 482: 444: 443: 432: 431: 419: 418: 412: 411: 396: 395: 332:10 February 1841 319:26 December 1791 106: 96: 95: 67: 46: 45: 21: 10095: 10094: 10090: 10089: 10088: 10086: 10085: 10084: 10020: 10019: 10010: 10008: 10004: 10001: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9981: 9938: 9911: 9885: 9883:Ross Dependency 9872: 9829: 9814: 9789: 9741: 9726: 9696: 9691: 9647: 9642:Solomon Islands 9589:North Australia 9569:South Australia 9525:New South Wales 9503: 9500: 9463: 9183:Leeward Islands 8987: 8972: 8935: 8842:Muscat and Oman 8659: 8644: 8588: 8334: 8319: 8283: 8227: 8216: 8191: 8183: 8173: 8143: 8138: 8127: 8125: 8104: 8073: 8063: 8050: 8016:Important sites 8015: 7887: 7878: 7869: 7859: 7846: 7836: 7825: 7821:Russian America 7815: 7802: 7792: 7782: 7769: 7754: 7746:Fort San Miguel 7741:Important sites 7740: 7730: 7717: 7673:Annapolis Royal 7664:Important sites 7663: 7607: 7594: 7584: 7574: 7561: 7556: 7498: 7493: 7488:Wayback Machine 7364: 7362:Further reading 7335: 7316: 7281: 7231: 7188: 7125: 7104: 7078: 7059: 7036: 7006: 6988: 6983: 6982: 6964: 6960: 6947: 6946: 6942: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6885: 6881: 6860: 6856: 6847: 6843: 6835: 6831: 6812: 6808: 6800: 6796: 6787: 6783: 6752: 6748: 6740: 6736: 6727: 6723: 6715: 6711: 6705:Greening (1961) 6703: 6699: 6693:Greening (1961) 6691: 6687: 6679: 6675: 6667: 6663: 6655: 6651: 6643: 6639: 6631: 6627: 6619: 6615: 6607: 6603: 6572: 6568: 6560: 6556: 6548: 6544: 6536: 6532: 6525: 6521: 6515:Johnston (1972) 6513: 6509: 6494: 6490: 6482: 6478: 6468: 6466: 6461: 6460: 6456: 6447: 6446: 6442: 6432: 6430: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6397: 6396: 6392: 6384: 6380: 6370: 6368: 6358: 6357: 6353: 6344: 6340: 6330: 6328: 6319: 6318: 6314: 6304: 6302: 6301:on 26 July 2011 6289: 6288: 6284: 6269: 6265: 6257: 6253: 6230: 6226: 6211: 6207: 6192: 6191: 6187: 6177: 6173: 6160: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6133: 6132: 6123: 6122: 6117: 6103: 6088: 6080: 6076: 6069: 6049: 6042: 6031: 6027: 6019: 6015: 6007: 6003: 5995: 5991: 5983: 5979: 5974: 5970: 5963: 5959: 5949: 5947: 5938: 5937: 5930: 5923: 5919: 5909: 5907: 5902: 5901: 5897: 5834: 5830: 5828: 5821: 5790: 5786: 5780:Careless (1967) 5778: 5774: 5751: 5747: 5739: 5735: 5727: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5686: 5685: 5681: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5653: 5651: 5637: 5633: 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4176:Main articles: 4174: 4172:Catholic Church 4130: 4122:Main articles: 4120: 4106: 3999: 3994: 3988: 3983: 3977: 3972: 3966: 3953: 3947: 3922: 3909: 3901:Main articles: 3899: 3847: 3845:franco Ontarian 3841:French Canadian 3839:Main articles: 3837: 3809: 3807:Métis in Canada 3803: 3740: 3734: 3721: 3707: 3463: 3289: 3263:, bordering on 3257: 3239: 3202: 3199: 3183: 3177: 3168: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3150: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3120: 2489:To individuals 2454: 2382: 2374:Main articles: 2372: 2353: 2335:In 1825, 1,878 2306: 2298:Main articles: 2296: 2279: 2273: 2164: 2152:Main articles: 2150: 2145: 2117: 2109:Main articles: 2107: 2087:Durham's report 2073:Hunters' Lodges 2037: 2025:Main articles: 2023: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2008: 1999: 1994: 1985: 1979: 1970: 1965: 1956: 1951: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1922:Joseph Shepard 1921: 1917: 1913: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1805: 1800: 1729:Thomas Morrison 1682: 1674:Main articles: 1672: 1670:Reform movement 1667: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1656: 1647: 1640: 1631: 1625: 1616: 1610: 1601: 1598:Bishop Strachan 1595: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1553: 1552: 1538:George Sherwood 1528:Levius Sherwood 1498:William Osgoode 1413:William Dickson 1398:Thomas Clarkson 1348: 1343: 1289: 1283: 1278: 1244:Nassau District 1225: 1195:) in 1796, the 1177: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1153: 1142: 1094:Auditor General 1059: 1054: 890:Treaty of Paris 878: 872: 733: 697: 695: 568:1841–1867 558:1791–1841 548:1763–1791 492: 477: 441: 416: 375: 365: 329: 316: 287: 272: 231: 219: 207: 195: 135:(later renamed 131: 109: 97: 90: 75: 69: 68: 51: 42: 39:Northern Canada 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10093: 10083: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 9983: 9982: 9980: 9979: 9969: 9959: 9953: 9947: 9944: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9937: 9936: 9933: 9926: 9916: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9909: 9901: 9893: 9880: 9867: 9859: 9851: 9843: 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7563: 7562: 7555: 7554: 7547: 7540: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7509: 7504: 7497: 7496:External links 7494: 7492: 7491: 7478: 7471: 7461: 7451: 7444: 7437: 7430: 7420:(4): 373–419. 7409: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7381: 7368:Clarke, John. 7365: 7363: 7360: 7359: 7358: 7347: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7329: 7320: 7314: 7299: 7285: 7279: 7264: 7253: 7244: 7235: 7229: 7214: 7201: 7192: 7186: 7169: 7160: 7151: 7138: 7129: 7123: 7108: 7102: 7082: 7076: 7063: 7057: 7040: 7034: 7019: 7010: 7004: 6987: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6958: 6940: 6922: 6879: 6854: 6841: 6837:McCalla (1993) 6829: 6806: 6802:McCalla (1993) 6794: 6781: 6746: 6734: 6732:, p. 121) 6721: 6709: 6697: 6695:, pp. 111 6685: 6673: 6661: 6657:McCalla (1993) 6649: 6637: 6633:McCalla (1979) 6625: 6613: 6601: 6582:(2): 314–343. 6566: 6554: 6550:McCalla (1993) 6542: 6530: 6519: 6507: 6488: 6476: 6454: 6440: 6415: 6390: 6378: 6351: 6338: 6312: 6282: 6263: 6251: 6224: 6205: 6185: 6171: 6143: 6134:|journal= 6101: 6095:. p. 17. 6074: 6067: 6040: 6025: 6013: 6001: 5989: 5987:, p. 52ff 5977: 5968: 5957: 5928: 5917: 5895: 5819: 5800:(4): 616–678. 5784: 5772: 5745: 5733: 5721: 5709: 5697: 5679: 5661: 5631: 5628:Wallace (1915) 5620: 5608: 5596: 5584: 5572: 5568:McNairn (2000) 5560: 5542: 5530: 5528:, pp. 5–6 5518: 5506: 5479: 5465: 5450: 5436: 5411: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5341: 5338:History portal 5327: 5324:Ontario portal 5311: 5308: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5265: 5259: 5256: 5245: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5209: 5206: 5194:Daniel Webster 5183:Neutrality Act 5122: 5119: 5096: 5095: 5094:, 25 July 1814 5089: 5083: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5057:, 24 June 1813 5052: 5046: 5040: 5037:Battle of York 5033: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4918: 4915: 4903:Donald Bethune 4862:Main article: 4859: 4856: 4844:Burlington Bay 4831: 4828: 4807: 4804: 4774: 4771: 4712: 4709: 4699: 4696: 4690:(later called 4636:Main article: 4633: 4630: 4590: 4587: 4571:Isaac Buchanan 4563:Alexander Wood 4554:Main article: 4551: 4548: 4526:Main article: 4523: 4520: 4488:Main article: 4485: 4482: 4475:pound sterling 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4451:Family Compact 4439:Robert Baldwin 4419:Main article: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4358: 4355: 4308: 4305: 4287:Main article: 4284: 4281: 4252: 4249: 4173: 4170: 4154:Family Compact 4119: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4094: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4078: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4042: 4041:Congregational 4038: 4037: 4034: 4030: 4029: 4026: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4013: 4008: 3998: 3995: 3990:Main article: 3987: 3984: 3979:Main article: 3976: 3973: 3968:Main article: 3965: 3962: 3946: 3943: 3921: 3918: 3898: 3895: 3867:Pays d'en-haut 3836: 3833: 3805:Main article: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3780: 3736:Main article: 3733: 3730: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3681: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3447:Sandwich (now 3445: 3440: 3436:, now part of 3431: 3429:Kawartha Lakes 3427:, now part of 3422: 3420:Paris, Ontario 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3372: 3367: 3357: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3288: 3285: 3281:Canada Company 3253:Main article: 3238: 3235: 3197: 3181:Canada Company 3179:Main article: 3176: 3175:Canada Company 3173: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3148: 3136: 3127: 3117: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2995: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2937: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2453: 2450: 2446:burial grounds 2376:Clergy reserve 2371: 2368: 2352: 2349: 2345:Peter Robinson 2326:Carleton Place 2310:Calton weavers 2300:Calton weavers 2295: 2292: 2275:Main article: 2272: 2269: 2218: 2217: 2202: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2106: 2103: 2095:Robert Baldwin 2057:Family Compact 2022: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2009: 2002: 2000: 1997:Robert Baldwin 1995: 1988: 1986: 1980: 1973: 1971: 1966: 1959: 1957: 1952: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1908: 1906: 1893:Peter Matthews 1886: 1884: 1875:Francis Hincks 1867:Robert Baldwin 1864: 1862: 1843: 1841: 1818: 1816: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1799: 1798: 1791: 1784: 1776: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1663: 1659:Henry Sherwood 1657: 1650: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1632: 1626: 1619: 1617: 1611: 1604: 1602: 1596: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1533:Henry Sherwood 1530: 1525: 1523:Adiel Sherwood 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1483:James Macaulay 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1443:Charles Heward 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1418:Richard Duncan 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1378:George Boulton 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1342: 1341: 1334: 1327: 1319: 1293:Family Compact 1287:Family Compact 1285:Main article: 1282: 1281:Family Compact 1279: 1277: 1274: 1254: 1253: 1250:Hesse District 1247: 1246:, later "Home" 1241: 1235: 1224: 1221: 1210:Family Compact 1171: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1154: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1110:Kings' Printer 1063:mixed monarchy 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 942:Indian Reserve 871: 868: 851:Family Compact 836:British Empire 779:Pays d'en Haut 753:British Canada 735: 734: 732: 731: 724: 717: 709: 706: 705: 692: 691: 685: 684: 683: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 654: 653: 647: 646: 645: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 591: 590: 584: 583: 580: 579: 576: 570: 569: 566: 560: 559: 556: 550: 549: 546: 540: 539: 536: 534:Pays d'en Haut 530: 529: 527: 517: 516: 510: 509: 501: 500: 494: 493: 486: 479: 478: 476: 475: 466: 460: 458: 454: 453: 450: 449: 446: 445: 438: 429: 426: 425: 420: 408: 407: 402: 392: 391: 388: 384: 383: 380: 379: 376: 373: 370: 369: 366: 363: 360: 359: 356: 355: 351: 350: 347: 343: 342: 338: 337: 334: 333: 330: 324: 321: 320: 317: 311: 308: 307: 304: 303: 298: 297:Historical era 294: 293: 288: 282: 279: 278: 273: 267: 264: 263: 260: 256: 255: 252: 242: 241: 238: 237: 232: 229: 226: 225: 220: 217: 214: 213: 208: 205: 202: 201: 196: 193: 190: 189: 186: 185: 182: 176: 175: 173:Family Compact 170: 166: 165: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 125: 121: 120: 118:British colony 115: 111: 110: 107: 99: 98: 88: 77: 76: 74:(1801 version) 70: 62: 61: 58: 57: 53: 52: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10092: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10018: 10015: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9968: 9960: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9948: 9945: 9934: 9931: 9927: 9924: 9923: 9918: 9917: 9914: 9907: 9906: 9902: 9899: 9898: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9868: 9865: 9864: 9860: 9857: 9856: 9852: 9849: 9848: 9844: 9841: 9840: 9836: 9835: 9832: 9825: 9821: 9810: 9809:Falklands War 9806: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9795: 9792: 9785: 9784: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9772: 9769: 9766: 9763: 9760: 9757: 9754: 9751: 9748: 9747: 9744: 9740:South America 9737: 9733: 9723: 9719: 9715: 9713: 9709: 9707: 9703: 9702: 9699: 9687: 9684: 9681: 9678: 9675: 9671: 9668: 9664: 9661: 9658: 9655: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9643: 9639: 9636: 9633: 9630: 9629:Union Islands 9627: 9624: 9620: 9617: 9614: 9611: 9608: 9605: 9602: 9599: 9596: 9593: 9590: 9587: 9584: 9581: 9578: 9577: 9573: 9570: 9567: 9564: 9560: 9557: 9554: 9551: 9548: 9545: 9542: 9539: 9536: 9532: 9529: 9526: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9519: 9515: 9512: 9511: 9506: 9497: 9492: 9490: 9485: 9483: 9478: 9477: 9474: 9470: 9459: 9456: 9453: 9450: 9445: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9433: 9430: 9427: 9424: 9421: 9420: 9416: 9413: 9410: 9407: 9406: 9402: 9399: 9396: 9393: 9390: 9387: 9384: 9381: 9378: 9375: 9371: 9368: 9364: 9361: 9357: 9354: 9351: 9348: 9345: 9342: 9341:Rupert's Land 9339: 9336: 9333: 9330: 9326: 9323: 9320: 9317: 9314: 9311: 9308: 9305: 9302: 9301:Paulet affair 9299: 9296: 9293: 9290: 9287: 9284: 9281: 9278: 9275: 9272: 9269: 9266: 9263: 9260: 9257: 9254: 9251: 9248: 9247:New Hampshire 9245: 9242: 9239: 9236: 9235:New Brunswick 9233: 9230: 9227: 9224: 9221: 9218: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9207: 9204: 9201: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9184: 9181: 9178: 9174: 9171: 9168: 9165: 9162: 9159: 9156: 9153: 9150: 9147: 9143: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9132: 9129: 9126: 9121: 9118: 9115: 9112: 9109: 9106: 9103: 9100: 9099: 9098: 9094: 9091: 9087: 9084: 9081: 9078: 9075: 9072: 9069: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9053: 9050: 9047: 9046: 9042: 9039: 9035: 9032: 9029: 9026: 9023: 9020: 9016: 9013: 9009: 9006: 9002: 8999: 8998: 8994: 8993: 8990: 8986:North America 8983: 8979: 8969: 8965: 8963: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8941: 8938: 8931: 8928: 8925: 8922: 8919: 8916: 8913: 8910: 8907: 8906:South Vietnam 8904: 8901: 8898: 8893: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8881: 8878: 8875: 8872: 8869: 8866: 8863: 8860: 8855: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8834: 8831: 8828: 8825: 8822: 8817: 8814: 8811: 8808: 8805: 8802: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8787: 8784: 8781: 8778: 8775: 8772: 8769: 8766: 8763: 8760: 8757: 8754: 8751: 8748: 8745: 8742: 8739: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8724: 8720: 8717: 8714: 8711: 8708: 8705: 8702: 8699: 8695: 8692: 8689: 8686: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8669: 8666: 8665: 8662: 8655: 8651: 8641: 8637: 8634: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8615: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8595: 8594: 8591: 8584: 8581: 8578: 8575: 8572: 8569: 8566: 8565: 8561: 8558: 8555: 8552: 8549: 8546: 8543: 8540: 8537: 8534: 8531: 8528: 8525: 8522: 8519: 8516: 8513: 8510: 8507: 8504: 8501: 8498: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8487: 8484: 8481: 8478: 8475: 8472: 8469: 8466: 8463: 8460: 8457: 8454: 8451: 8448: 8445: 8442: 8439: 8436: 8433: 8430: 8427: 8424: 8421: 8418: 8414: 8411: 8408: 8405: 8402: 8399: 8396: 8393: 8390: 8387: 8384: 8381: 8378: 8375: 8372: 8369: 8366: 8362: 8359: 8356: 8352: 8349: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8340: 8337: 8330: 8326: 8315: 8312: 8307: 8304: 8301: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8281: 8278: 8275: 8272: 8269: 8266: 8263: 8262: 8258: 8255: 8252: 8249: 8246: 8243: 8239: 8238: 8234: 8233: 8230: 8223: 8219: 8213: 8209: 8207: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8195: 8190: 8189: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8170: 8165: 8163: 8158: 8156: 8151: 8150: 8147: 8135: 8134: 8123: 8121: 8120: 8111: 8110: 8107: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8076: 8070: 8067: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8053: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8026:Avalon (1620) 8024: 8022: 8019: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7966:New Caledonia 7964: 7962: 7961:United Canada 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7946:New Brunswick 7944: 7942: 7939: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7919:Rupert's Land 7917: 7915: 7914:New Yorkshire 7912: 7910: 7907: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7876: 7872: 7866: 7863: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7853: 7849: 7843: 7840: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7828: 7822: 7819: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7799: 7796: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7753: 7751: 7747: 7744: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7712:List of forts 7709: 7707: 7706: 7705:List of towns 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7674: 7670: 7667: 7662: 7661: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7611: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7597: 7591: 7588: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7573: 7572: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7553: 7548: 7546: 7541: 7539: 7534: 7533: 7530: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7489: 7485: 7482: 7479: 7476: 7472: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7452: 7449: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7410: 7407: 7403: 7400: 7396: 7393: 7389: 7386: 7382: 7379: 7378:0-7735-2062-7 7375: 7371: 7367: 7366: 7355: 7354: 7348: 7344: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7326: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7307: 7306: 7300: 7296: 7295: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7272: 7271: 7265: 7261: 7260: 7254: 7250: 7245: 7241: 7236: 7232: 7226: 7222: 7221: 7215: 7210: 7209: 7202: 7198: 7193: 7189: 7187:9781896219943 7183: 7178: 7177: 7170: 7166: 7161: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7146: 7139: 7135: 7130: 7126: 7120: 7116: 7115: 7109: 7105: 7103:9780771019128 7099: 7094: 7093: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7073: 7069: 7064: 7060: 7058:9780773520349 7054: 7049: 7048: 7041: 7037: 7035:9780665952821 7031: 7027: 7026: 7020: 7016: 7011: 7007: 7001: 6997: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6962: 6954: 6950: 6944: 6936: 6932: 6926: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6883: 6875: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6845: 6839:, p. 120 6838: 6833: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6810: 6804:, p. 119 6803: 6798: 6791: 6785: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6738: 6731: 6725: 6718: 6713: 6707:, p. 111 6706: 6701: 6694: 6689: 6682: 6677: 6670: 6665: 6658: 6653: 6646: 6641: 6634: 6629: 6623:, p. 107 6622: 6617: 6610: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6570: 6563: 6558: 6551: 6546: 6539: 6534: 6528: 6523: 6516: 6511: 6503: 6499: 6492: 6485: 6484:Reaman (1957) 6480: 6464: 6458: 6450: 6444: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6404: 6400: 6394: 6387: 6386:Wilton (2001) 6382: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6355: 6348: 6342: 6326: 6322: 6316: 6300: 6296: 6294: 6286: 6278: 6274: 6267: 6260: 6255: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6228: 6220: 6216: 6209: 6201: 6197: 6196: 6189: 6182: 6181: 6175: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6147: 6139: 6127: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6102:0-88798-057-0 6098: 6094: 6087: 6086: 6078: 6070: 6068:0-252-02902-X 6064: 6060: 6056: 6055: 6047: 6045: 6036: 6029: 6022: 6017: 6010: 6005: 5999:, p. 193 5998: 5997:Humber (1991) 5993: 5986: 5985:Campey (2005) 5981: 5972: 5966: 5961: 5945: 5941: 5935: 5933: 5926: 5921: 5905: 5899: 5892: 5888: 5887:Rotinonsionni 5884: 5880: 5876: 5875:Akunęhsyę̀niˀ 5870: 5826: 5824: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5781: 5776: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5737: 5730: 5725: 5718: 5717:Wilton (2001) 5713: 5706: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5683: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5635: 5629: 5624: 5617: 5612: 5605: 5600: 5593: 5588: 5581: 5576: 5569: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5546: 5539: 5534: 5527: 5522: 5515: 5510: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5483: 5475: 5469: 5462: 5461:Butler (1843) 5457: 5455: 5447: 5446: 5440: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5399: 5395: 5394:"Early flags" 5389: 5385: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5352:Canada portal 5342: 5339: 5328: 5325: 5314: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5287: 5283: 5270: 5266: 5264: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5219: 5218: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5190: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5163: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5149:Niagara River 5146: 5142: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5107: 5105: 5101: 5093: 5090: 5088:, 5 July 1814 5087: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5051:, 5 June 1813 5050: 5047: 5045:, 27 May 1813 5044: 5041: 5038: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5004: 5002: 4997: 4990: 4985: 4971: 4969: 4968:Kingston Road 4965: 4961: 4957: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4907:John Hamilton 4904: 4899: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4872: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4827: 4823: 4821: 4820:Port Colborne 4817: 4813: 4806:Welland Canal 4803: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4770: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4726: 4722: 4717: 4704: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4676:Ottawa Valley 4673: 4669: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4645: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4610:moral economy 4605: 4600: 4596: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4567:William Allan 4565:in 1821, and 4564: 4557: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4508:William Allan 4505: 4504:John Strachan 4496: 4491: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4469: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4422: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4383: 4379: 4374: 4371: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4336: 4332: 4331:Sharon Temple 4327: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4297: 4290: 4283:Presbyterians 4280: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4150:John Strachan 4146: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4128:John Strachan 4125: 4110: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4081:Presbyterians 4080: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4005: 3993: 3982: 3971: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3927: 3917: 3914: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3883:Ottawa Valley 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3861:in 1668, and 3860: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3842: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3785:Haudenosaunee 3781: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3732:First Nations 3729: 3726: 3719:Ethnic groups 3711: 3704: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3478: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3300: 3293: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3256: 3248: 3243: 3234: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3219:William Allan 3216: 3212: 3207: 3196: 3187: 3182: 3172: 3155: 3153: 3146: 3140: 3131: 3122: 3118: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2606:Hinchinbroke 2605: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2464: 2458: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2426:John Colborne 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2399: 2398:John Strachan 2394: 2392: 2388: 2387:John Strachan 2381: 2377: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2356:Thomas Talbot 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2320:just outside 2319: 2315: 2311: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2283: 2278: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2215: 2211: 2210:Haudenosaunee 2207: 2203: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2140: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2116: 2112: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2041: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2012: 2006: 2001: 1998: 1992: 1987: 1984: 1977: 1972: 1969: 1963: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1944: 1943: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1854:John McIntosh 1851: 1850:Samuel Hughes 1847: 1846:David Willson 1842: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1825:James Lesslie 1822: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1804: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1768: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1743: 1739: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1717:James Lesslie 1714: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1686:Robert Randal 1681: 1677: 1660: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1613:John Robinson 1608: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1588: 1587: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1556: 1549: 1548:John Strachan 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1493:Robert Nichol 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1468:Charles Jones 1466: 1464: 1463:Alpheus Jones 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1358:William Allan 1356: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1340: 1335: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1302:John Strachan 1299: 1294: 1288: 1273: 1270: 1265: 1262: 1257: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1220: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1168: 1158: 1151: 1137: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102:Indian Office 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1049: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1022: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1002: 997: 994: 990: 986: 981: 979: 976:and parts of 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 938: 933: 928: 926: 922: 921:Robert Rogers 918: 915: 911: 907: 903: 902:Great Britain 899: 895: 891: 882: 877: 870:Establishment 867: 865: 860: 856: 852: 848: 843: 841: 840:war broke out 837: 833: 829: 825: 820: 818: 815:(present-day 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 781: 780: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 730: 725: 723: 718: 716: 711: 710: 708: 707: 704: 694: 693: 690: 687: 686: 681: 680:Confederation 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 656: 655: 652: 649: 648: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 594: 593: 592: 589: 586: 585: 577: 575: 572: 571: 567: 565: 562: 561: 557: 555: 552: 551: 547: 545: 542: 541: 537: 535: 532: 531: 528: 526: 525:First Nations 523: 522: 519: 518: 515: 512: 511: 507: 503: 502: 499: 496: 495: 490: 485: 484: 474: 471: 467: 465: 462: 461: 459: 457:Today part of 455: 439: 437: 434: 433: 430: 424: 421: 414: 413: 410: 409: 406: 403: 401: 398: 397: 393: 390:Halifax pound 389: 385: 381: 377: 371: 367: 361: 357: 352: 348: 344: 339: 335: 331: 328: 322: 318: 315: 309: 305: 302: 299: 295: 292: 289: 286: 280: 277: 274: 271: 265: 261: 257: 253: 251: 247: 243: 239: 236: 233: 227: 224: 221: 215: 212: 209: 203: 200: 197: 191: 187: 183: 181: 177: 174: 171: 167: 163: 159: 156: 152: 149: 146: 142: 138: 134: 129: 126: 122: 119: 116: 112: 105: 100: 86: 82: 78: 73: 66: 59: 54: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 10030:Upper Canada 9987: 9920: 9903: 9895: 9861: 9853: 9845: 9839:Saint Helena 9837: 9781: 9773: 9623:Cook Islands 9574: 9547:New Hebrides 9516:20th century 9432:West Florida 9417: 9403: 9335:Rhode Island 9313:Pennsylvania 9271:Newfoundland 9208: 9133: 9107: 9083:East Florida 9054:16th c.–1880 9043: 8995: 8892:Crown Colony 8880:Pulo Condore 8854:Crown Colony 8848:North Borneo 8721: 8680:Protectorate 8629:unrecognised 8623:in 1965 (as 8562: 8515:South Africa 8503:Sierra Leone 8490:Saint Helena 8488: 8483:Orange River 8361:Bechuanaland 8342: 8300:Protectorate 8259: 8235: 8199: 8179:and Current 8124: 8112: 8046:Fort Langley 8031:York Factory 8021:Cuper's Cove 7937: 7760:Newfoundland 7750:Nootka Sound 7710: 7703: 7625:Isle St-Jean 7612: 7512:Upper Canada 7474: 7464: 7455: 7447: 7440: 7433: 7417: 7413: 7405: 7398: 7391: 7384: 7369: 7352: 7341: 7324: 7304: 7293: 7269: 7258: 7248: 7239: 7219: 7207: 7196: 7175: 7164: 7155: 7144: 7133: 7113: 7091: 7067: 7046: 7024: 7014: 6994: 6974: 6961: 6952: 6943: 6934: 6925: 6895:(2): 11–12. 6892: 6888: 6882: 6867: 6857: 6849: 6844: 6832: 6823: 6819: 6809: 6797: 6784: 6762:(1): 36–57. 6759: 6755: 6749: 6742:Craig (1963) 6737: 6724: 6719:, p. 43 6712: 6700: 6688: 6683:, p. 89 6681:Woods (1980) 6676: 6664: 6659:, p. 75 6652: 6640: 6635:, p. 28 6628: 6616: 6604: 6579: 6575: 6569: 6557: 6545: 6540:, p. 21 6533: 6522: 6510: 6501: 6497: 6491: 6479: 6467:. Retrieved 6457: 6443: 6431:. Retrieved 6427: 6418: 6406:. Retrieved 6402: 6393: 6381: 6369:. Retrieved 6363: 6354: 6346: 6341: 6329:. Retrieved 6325:the original 6315: 6305:17 September 6303:. Retrieved 6299:the original 6292: 6285: 6276: 6272: 6266: 6254: 6240:(1): 26–31. 6237: 6233: 6227: 6218: 6208: 6200:George Brown 6194: 6188: 6178: 6174: 6161: 6151: 6146: 6084: 6077: 6053: 6034: 6028: 6021:Craig (1963) 6016: 6009:Craig (1963) 6004: 5992: 5980: 5971: 5965:Gates (1968) 5960: 5948:. Retrieved 5943: 5925:Mintz (1999) 5920: 5908:. Retrieved 5898: 5886: 5882: 5881:(Rudes, B., 5874: 5873:in English, 5797: 5793: 5787: 5775: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5736: 5724: 5712: 5705:Craig (1963) 5700: 5691: 5682: 5673: 5664: 5652:. Retrieved 5644: 5634: 5623: 5616:Craig (1963) 5611: 5606:, p. 12 5604:Craig (1963) 5599: 5594:, p. 39 5587: 5575: 5563: 5554: 5545: 5538:Craig (1963) 5533: 5526:Craig (1963) 5521: 5514:Craig (1963) 5509: 5497:. Retrieved 5491: 5482: 5468: 5444: 5439: 5427:. Retrieved 5423: 5414: 5402:. Retrieved 5397: 5388: 5369: (1798) 5366: 5301: 5299: 5290: 5289: 5211: 5191: 5180: 5167: 5161: 5138: 5108: 5097: 5035:Burning and 5024: 5005: 4993: 4955: 4953: 4928: 4927: 4920: 4900: 4896: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4870: 4867: 4848:Lake Ontario 4835: 4833: 4824: 4809: 4784:Ottawa River 4776: 4773:Rideau Canal 4759:Hudson River 4744: 4737:Rideau Canal 4721:Rideau Canal 4711:Canal system 4672:Ottawa River 4668:Lower Canada 4665: 4641: 4606: 4602: 4576: 4559: 4531: 4501: 4479: 4471: 4424: 4415:Corporations 4387:Peterborough 4375: 4366: 4339: 4292: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4244: 4222: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4147: 4131: 3954: 3923: 3920:Freed slaves 3910: 3891:Ottawa River 3875:Lower Canada 3866: 3848: 3810: 3789: 3783: 3760: 3757:Anishinaabeg 3756: 3752: 3746: 3741: 3722: 3466:Upper Canada 3395:Peterborough 3363:Newark, now 3358: 3298: 3258: 3231: 3208: 3204: 3193: 3169: 3139: 3130: 3121: 3085: 2848:Westminster 2543:Plantagenet 2455: 2409: 2407: 2395: 2383: 2354: 2334: 2309: 2307: 2288: 2265: 2261: 2253:Mississaugas 2246: 2219: 2209: 2205: 2182: 2179:Anishinaabeg 2178: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2137: 2133:Orange Order 2118: 2077: 2048: 2046: 2011:Samuel Lount 1915:David Gibson 1909: 1889:Samuel Lount 1887: 1865: 1844: 1819: 1763: 1748: 1733: 1710: 1701: 1683: 1571:. p. 4. 1566: 1488:Allan MacNab 1478:Thomas Jones 1423:John Elmsley 1393:Thomas Clark 1292: 1290: 1266: 1258: 1255: 1226: 1214: 1202: 1178: 1157:Front Street 1130: 1067: 1060: 1043: 1027: 1011:Lower Canada 1004: 998: 982: 935: 929: 910:Fort Niagara 887: 844: 832:Lower Canada 821: 813:Lower Canada 789:Ottawa River 740: 738: 642:Orange Order 627:Corporations 587: 554:Upper Canada 553: 469: 405:Succeeded by 404: 399: 374:• 1836 364:• 1823 80: 43: 10009: / 9956:Anglosphere 9674:New Zealand 9583:New Zealand 9452:West Jersey 9367:Saint Lucia 9353:Saint Kitts 9347:Saint Croix 9327:1763–1791* 9295:Nova Scotia 9241:New England 9197:, 1691–1776 9164:East Jersey 9152:Connecticut 9031:Bay Islands 8918:Transjordan 8836:Mesopotamia 8674:Afghanistan 8668:Aden Colony 8453:Niger Coast 8419:) 1874–1957 8395:East Africa 8377:Cape Colony 8367:) 1884–1966 8357:) 1868–1966 7956:Cape Breton 7909:New Britain 7755:Expeditions 7655:Terre Neuve 6717:Bond (1984) 6433:9 September 6388:, p. 9 6371:9 September 6331:20 November 6198:. Toronto: 5761:(1): 1–30. 5654:9 September 5540:, p. 6 5516:, p. 2 5499:9 September 5474:"Juriglobe" 5291:Canada West 5276:Canada West 5178:doctrine). 5145:Navy Island 5135:Patriot War 5078:Burning of 5001:Isaac Brock 4996:War of 1812 4994:During the 4989:Isaac Brock 4960:Trent River 4949:Dundas Road 4661:Quebec City 4657:large rafts 4626:Canada West 4198:Reformation 3939:Black Codes 3761:Anishinabek 3748:Anishinaabe 3255:Huron Tract 3237:Huron Tract 3227:Huron Tract 2501:University 2318:Lanarkshire 2183:Anishinabek 2171:Anishinaabe 2158:Anishinaabe 2125:Utilitarian 2035:Patriot War 1897:Jesse Lloyd 1700:; however, 1690:Peter Perry 1518:Aeneas Shaw 1473:Jonas Jones 1306:War of 1812 1183:comprising 950:Great Lakes 917:capitulated 805:Great Lakes 617:Agriculture 564:Canada West 400:Preceded by 301:British Era 285:Lower house 270:Upper house 259:Legislature 10024:Categories 9908:since 1908 9900:since 1908 9866:since 1833 9858:since 1816 9850:since 1815 9842:since 1658 9799:department 9786:since 1908 9778:since 1833 9579:since 1838 9559:Swan River 9553:Queensland 9440:1958–1962 9422:since 1666 9408:since 1799 9259:New Jersey 9229:New Albion 9213:since 1632 9210:Montserrat 9191:1629–1691 9138:since 1670 9060:1858–1866 9048:since 1619 9000:since 1650 8953:Bangladesh 8888:1841–1946 8850:1882–1963 8816:Federation 8794:1819–1826 8732:Seychelles 8676:1839–1842 8567:since 1816 8551:Tanganyika 8509:Somaliland 8497:Seychelles 8493:since 1658 8413:Gold Coast 8407:The Gambia 8351:Basutoland 8347:since 1815 8289:Free State 8282:1542–1800 8268:Heligoland 8264:since 1713 7903:New Albion 7865:Nova Dania 7694:Louisbourg 7669:Port Royal 7630:Île Royale 7614:New France 7145:The Ottawa 6986:References 6504:(28): 340. 6259:Lee (2004) 5429:15 January 5404:15 January 5176:preemption 5141:John Rolph 4923:Post roads 4747:Erie Canal 4686:forests." 4684:white pine 4614:just price 4466:See also: 4361:See also: 4196:since the 4164:, and the 4065:Methodists 3949:See also: 3871:New France 3753:Anishinabe 3461:Population 3390:Belleville 3319:Brockville 3265:Lake Huron 3056:Sunnidale 2790:Southwold 2761:Middleton 2703:Blandford 2635:Sheffield 2442:parsonages 2414:glebe land 2316:, then in 2175:Anishinabe 2143:Settlement 2129:Benthamite 2053:oligarchic 1829:John Rolph 1721:John Rolph 1363:James Baby 1181:parliament 1140:Parliament 1052:Government 989:Jay Treaty 983:After the 937:Quebec Act 906:New France 874:See also: 801:Hudson Bay 785:New France 354:Population 223:William IV 199:George III 169:Government 72:Union Flag 10006:44°N 80°W 9892:1841–1947 9879:1841–1933 9770:1831–1966 9764:1670–1688 9758:1651–1667 9752:1631–1641 9682:1914–1962 9676:1907–1947 9669:1901–1942 9667:Australia 9662:1900–1974 9656:1900–1970 9644:1893–1978 9637:1892–1979 9631:1889–1948 9625:1888–1901 9619:Rarotonga 9615:1884–1902 9609:1877–1976 9603:1874–1970 9597:1851–1901 9591:1846–1847 9585:1841–1907 9571:1836–1901 9565:1829–1901 9555:1824–1901 9549:1824–1980 9543:1807–1863 9537:1803–1901 9527:1788–1901 9460:1833–1960 9454:1674–1702 9446:1967–1983 9434:1763–1783 9428:1607–1776 9414:1849–1866 9400:1889–1962 9394:1862–1863 9388:1712–1776 9382:1635–1644 9376:1627–1979 9369:1605–1979 9362:1882–1983 9355:1623–1983 9349:1625–1650 9343:1670–1870 9337:1636–1776 9331:1853–1863 9321:1620–1691 9315:1681–1776 9309:1763–1873 9297:1713–1867 9291:1859–1870 9285:1712–1776 9279:1583–1907 9273:1907–1949 9267:1664–1776 9255:1637–1662 9253:New Haven 9249:1680–1776 9243:1686–1689 9237:1784–1867 9225:1628–1983 9219:1655–1860 9205:1632–1776 9179:1655–1962 9172:1733–1776 9166:1674–1702 9160:1701–1776 9154:1636–1776 9148:1818–1846 9130:1663–1712 9122:1867–1931 9116:1841–1867 9110:1791–1841 9104:1791–1841 9092:1762–1974 9085:1763–1783 9079:1763–1978 9073:1754–1820 9064:1866–1871 9040:1871–1981 9033:1643–1860 9027:1624–1966 9021:1670–1973 9014:1860–1981 9007:1632–1860 8932:1898–1930 8926:1892–1971 8920:1921–1946 8914:1826–1946 8908:1945–1946 8902:1946–1963 8900:Singapore 8894:1946–1963 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