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43:
471:
303:
and become important symbols of the nation. They can build and legitimise the nation and are intended to foster national unity, social cohesion and popular identification. They provide national governments with annual opportunities to reinforce the status of the nation. Sabine
Marschall argues that
286:
is used to refer to days established as public holidays in statute law. In
England and Wales, Good Friday and Christmas Day are known as common law holidays, as they have been celebrated by custom since time immemorial. Bank holidays were introduced in the late 19th century to extend the labour
295:
The major social function of public holidays is the co-ordination of leisure time. This co-ordination has costs, such as congestion and overcrowding (in leisure facilities, on transport systems) and benefits (easier for people to arrange social occasions).
407:
In the United States, there is no national law requiring that employers pay employees who do not work on public holidays (although the U.S. states of Rhode Island and
Massachusetts have paid holiday laws).
389:
Sabie
Marschall argues that the revised set of public holidays in post-Apartheid South Africa attempts to produce and celebrate a particular national identity in line with the political goal of the
258:
The term may also be used to distinguish between days that may be celebrated as secular holidays rather than religious holidays such as the celebration of New Year's Day on
January 1 (
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1222:
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there may also be different holidays for the constituent states or provinces, as in the United States where holidays that were established by the federal government are called
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375:. If a worker works on a public holiday, they are to be paid 1.5 times their regular rate of pay and be given another alternate day off.
1532:
602:
1817:
443:. This has also led to protests, with many Australians seeing the date as a symbol of the beginning of European oppression towards the
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357:
enjoy 17 public breaks a year. Some countries (e.g. Cambodia) with a longer, six-day workweek, have more holidays (28) to compensate.
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807:
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In some countries, there are national laws that make some or all public holidays paid holidays, and in other countries, there are no
2207:
758:
2700:
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2418:
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860:
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718:
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2061:
1954:
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107:
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2020:
1792:
1367:
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956:
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402:
79:
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86:
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126:
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1992:
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996:
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Some public holidays are controversial. For example, in the United States a federal holiday commemorates explorer
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1997:
1959:
1527:
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1447:
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1096:
901:
451:' Whilst the national date has yet to be changed, many Australia day staples, such as citizenship ceremonies and
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60:
17:
93:
2428:
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2122:
1939:
1417:
1412:
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931:
372:
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64:
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1909:
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1407:
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1497:
1377:
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695:
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515:
333:, Nepal is the country with the highest number of public holidays but it observes six working days a week.
308:, which preserve particular representations of historical events and particular national or public heroes.
75:
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1342:
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489:
2015:
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1982:
1944:
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1802:
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1031:
991:
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640:
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330:
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926:
53:
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444:
846:
237:
587:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
424:
parades and calls for the public holiday to be changed. Some states have adopted the day as
100:
456:
448:
417:
780:"Australia Day wasn't always on 26 January. Why is the national holiday on that date now?"
8:
2688:
1597:
1270:
723:
750:
420:, who is said to have discovered the Americas by Europeans. This has led to protests at
259:
305:
1652:
666:
662:
658:
267:
476:
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233:
181:
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generally established by law and is usually a non-working day during the year.
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31:
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185:
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A civic holiday, also known as a civil or work holiday, is a day that is
606:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 320.
323:
229:
221:
197:
354:
287:
rights citizens have on common law holidays to four additional days.
27:
Holiday generally established by law and is usually a non-working day
645:: nation-building and the politics of public memory in South Africa"
42:
452:
338:
252:
201:
189:
326:, though many firms provide days off as paid or unpaid holidays.
244:
209:
205:
177:
160:
470:
271:
217:
30:"Civic holiday" redirects here. For the Canadian holiday, see
719:"Can Cambodia stay competitive with so many public holidays?"
350:
346:
334:
225:
213:
236:. Such days may or may not be counted in calculating the
180:
recognized and celebrated as a holiday in a particular
2607:
2104:
466:
337:
ranks second with 21 national holidays, followed by
439:first arrived in the country on 26 January 1788 at
255:or relationship according to a parenting schedule.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
717:O'Byrne, Brendan; Hor, Kimsay (22 February 2018).
2729:
619:"Keeping in Touch: A Benefit of Public Holidays"
329:They vary by country and may vary by year. With
299:Public holidays constitute an important part of
447:. The holiday has since garnered the nickname '
220:as a non-working day when the official arms of
2385:
829:
716:
318:List of countries by number of public holidays
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2371:
2090:
1699:
1685:
1278:
868:
854:
815:
311:
2712:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
495:Category:Lists of public holidays by country
1292:
240:in legal actions and are usually days when
2600:
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2378:
2364:
2097:
2083:
1692:
1678:
1285:
1271:
861:
847:
822:
808:
677:
617:Merz, Joachim; Osberg, Lars (2006-04-01).
616:
638:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
592:
459:, have been moved to alternative dates.
188:subdivision of such, e.g., a state or a
14:
2730:
2581:
2359:
2078:
1673:
1266:
842:
803:
751:"Why Columbus Day Courts Controversy"
731:from the original on 22 February 2018
543:
541:
526:from the original on 16 February 2020
513:
634:
632:
403:Public holidays in the United States
371:In New Zealand, a national law sets
247:are given alternating visitation or
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
683:
514:Pyper, Douglas (18 December 2015).
304:public holidays can be regarded as
24:
639:Marschall, Sabine (January 2013).
554:. TUC. 22 May 2007. Archived from
538:
520:Research briefings - UK Parliament
25:
2749:
2105:Public holidays in North America
629:
625:. Rochester, NY – via SSRN.
2608:Public holidays in South America
2218:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1651:
1642:
1641:
1167:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
937:Democratic Republic of the Congo
580:
469:
396:
192:. It is usually a day that the
171:
41:
761:from the original on 2022-12-26
385:Public holidays in South Africa
378:
282:In the British Isles, the term
277:
251:to their children from a prior
52:needs additional citations for
2404:Federated States of Micronesia
1609:British Indian Ocean Territory
772:
743:
710:
684:Jha, Manish (7 October 2016).
663:10.1080/23323256.2013.11500039
610:
573:
507:
435:commemorates the day when the
367:Public holidays in New Zealand
360:
13:
1:
500:
2343:United States Virgin Islands
650:Anthropology Southern Africa
411:
270:Christian countries such as
7:
490:List of holidays by country
462:
10:
2754:
2386:Public holidays in Oceania
516:"Bank and public holidays"
428:rather than Columbus Day.
400:
382:
364:
315:
312:Public holidays by country
290:
29:
2686:
2613:
2577:
2495:
2472:
2391:
2355:
2318:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2236:
2110:
2074:
2054:
2006:
1968:
1705:
1700:Public holidays in Europe
1669:
1637:
1596:
1556:
1298:
1262:
1180:
1155:
874:
869:Public holidays in Africa
838:
2550:Northern Mariana Islands
2338:Turks and Caicos Islands
1358:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
922:Central African Republic
549:"Bank Holiday Fact File"
166:
2515:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1619:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1293:Public holidays in Asia
603:Encyclopædia Britannica
426:Indigenous People's Day
373:12 paid public holidays
2268:British Virgin Islands
1748:Bosnia and Herzegovina
345:at 18 each. Likewise,
238:statute of limitations
2498:and other territories
2208:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1082:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
942:Republic of the Congo
445:indigenous population
1533:United Arab Emirates
641:"Public holidays as
623:IZA Discussion Paper
418:Christopher Columbus
61:improve this article
2223:Trinidad and Tobago
2118:Antigua and Barbuda
1969:States with limited
1560:limited recognition
1157:States with limited
724:The Phnom Penh Post
2158:Dominican Republic
698:on 10 October 2016
262:) and January 14 (
260:Gregorian calendar
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2693:other territories
2573:
2572:
2565:Wallis and Futuna
2473:Associated states
2351:
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2240:other territories
2070:
2069:
1665:
1664:
1602:other territories
1258:
1257:
1184:other territories
957:Equatorial Guinea
228:are closed. In
153:statutory holiday
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
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2701:Falkland Islands
2615:Sovereign states
2602:
2595:
2588:
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2555:Pitcairn Islands
2525:French Polynesia
2510:Christmas Island
2439:Papua New Guinea
2419:Marshall Islands
2392:Sovereign states
2380:
2373:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2308:Saint Barthélemy
2238:Dependencies and
2111:Sovereign states
2099:
2092:
2085:
2076:
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2007:Dependencies and
1706:Sovereign states
1694:
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1614:Christmas Island
1300:Sovereign states
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1244:(United Kingdom)
1240:Tristan da Cunha
1236:Ascension Island
1228:
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1182:Dependencies and
875:Sovereign states
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694:. Archived from
686:"Regular breaks"
681:
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643:lieux de mémoire
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268:eastern Orthodox
234:federal holidays
208:has declared by
145:national holiday
132:
125:
121:
118:
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76:"Public holiday"
69:
45:
37:
21:
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2738:Public holidays
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1988:Northern Cyprus
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1880:North Macedonia
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1573:Northern Cyprus
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834:
831:Public holidays
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596:, ed. (1911). "
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477:Holidays portal
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306:sites of memory
301:nation building
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264:Julian Calendar
182:sovereign state
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149:federal holiday
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58:
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35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Public holidays
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11:
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2507:
2505:American Samoa
2501:
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2492:
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2476:
2475:of New Zealand
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2009:other entities
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1768:Czech Republic
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1249:Western Sahara
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1193:Canary Islands
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657:(1–2): 11–21.
628:
609:
594:Chisholm, Hugh
572:
561:on 3 June 2013
537:
505:
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499:
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2021:Faroe Islands
2019:
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1993:South Ossetia
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598:Bank Holidays
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589:public domain
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449:Invasion Day.
446:
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433:Australia day
429:
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397:United States
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172:Civic holiday
164:
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157:legal holiday
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117:November 2017
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78: –
77:
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72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
32:Civic Holiday
19:
2689:Dependencies
2496:Dependencies
2482:Cook Islands
2333:Sint Maarten
2313:Saint Martin
1998:Transnistria
1960:Vatican City
1598:Dependencies
1528:Turkmenistan
1493:Saudi Arabia
1232:Saint Helena
1203:
1107:South Africa
1097:Sierra Leone
902:Burkina Faso
830:
787:. Retrieved
783:
774:
763:. Retrieved
754:
745:
733:. Retrieved
722:
712:
700:. Retrieved
696:the original
691:Nepali Times
689:
679:
654:
648:
642:
622:
612:
601:
575:
563:. Retrieved
556:the original
528:. Retrieved
519:
509:
485:Bank holiday
430:
422:Columbus Day
415:
406:
388:
379:South Africa
370:
328:
321:
298:
294:
284:bank holiday
281:
278:Bank holiday
257:
226:court system
224:such as the
175:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2429:New Zealand
2303:Puerto Rico
2213:Saint Lucia
2163:El Salvador
2036:Isle of Man
1971:recognition
1940:Switzerland
1875:Netherlands
1657:Asia portal
1558:States with
1478:Philippines
1418:South Korea
1413:North Korea
1308:Afghanistan
1159:recognition
1112:South Sudan
1002:Ivory Coast
735:23 February
530:27 December
457:Hottest 100
441:Sydney Cove
437:First Fleet
431:Similarly,
361:New Zealand
343:Philippines
194:legislature
2298:Montserrat
2293:Martinique
2288:Guadeloupe
2143:Costa Rica
1910:San Marino
1870:Montenegro
1850:Luxembourg
1830:Kazakhstan
1733:Azerbaijan
1538:Uzbekistan
1513:Tajikistan
1428:Kyrgyzstan
1408:Kazakhstan
1328:Bangladesh
1318:Azerbaijan
1214:(Portugal)
1172:Somaliland
1092:Seychelles
1057:Mozambique
1042:Mauritania
1027:Madagascar
982:The Gambia
917:Cape Verde
833:by country
789:2024-01-25
765:2022-12-27
702:14 October
565:12 January
501:References
222:government
198:parliament
87:newspapers
2678:Venezuela
2623:Argentina
2399:Australia
2283:Greenland
2198:Nicaragua
2173:Guatemala
2026:Gibraltar
1845:Lithuania
1624:Hong Kong
1578:Palestine
1503:Sri Lanka
1498:Singapore
1378:Indonesia
1047:Mauritius
671:2332-3256
412:Criticism
355:Hong Kong
324:such laws
206:sovereign
2732:Category
2668:Suriname
2658:Paraguay
2643:Colombia
2414:Kiribati
2248:Anguilla
2183:Honduras
2153:Dominica
2128:Barbados
2046:Svalbard
2031:Guernsey
1978:Abkhazia
1925:Slovenia
1920:Slovakia
1895:Portugal
1753:Bulgaria
1647:Category
1568:Abkhazia
1518:Thailand
1473:Pakistan
1453:Mongolia
1448:Maldives
1443:Malaysia
1343:Cambodia
1238: /
1234: /
1227:(France)
1221: /
1199: /
1195: /
1147:Zimbabwe
1122:Tanzania
972:Ethiopia
967:Eswatini
947:Djibouti
912:Cameroon
897:Botswana
784:SBS News
759:Archived
729:Archived
524:Archived
463:See also
453:Triple J
341:and the
339:Colombia
253:marriage
202:congress
190:province
2673:Uruguay
2648:Ecuador
2628:Bolivia
2560:Tokelau
2464:Vanuatu
2278:Curaçao
2263:Bonaire
2258:Bermuda
2188:Jamaica
2168:Grenada
2123:Bahamas
1950:Ukraine
1900:Romania
1860:Moldova
1818:Ireland
1813:Iceland
1808:Hungary
1798:Germany
1793:Georgia
1783:Finland
1778:Estonia
1773:Denmark
1758:Croatia
1743:Belgium
1738:Belarus
1728:Austria
1723:Armenia
1718:Andorra
1713:Albania
1543:Vietnam
1458:Myanmar
1438:Lebanon
1368:Georgia
1323:Bahrain
1313:Armenia
1223:RĂ©union
1219:Mayotte
1210:Madeira
1205:(Spain)
1201:Melilla
1132:Tunisia
1102:Somalia
1087:Senegal
1072:Nigeria
1062:Namibia
1052:Morocco
1017:Liberia
1012:Lesotho
962:Eritrea
932:Comoros
907:Burundi
882:Algeria
755:HISTORY
591::
291:Impacts
245:parents
210:statute
178:legally
161:holiday
101:scholar
2653:Guyana
2633:Brazil
2535:Hawaii
2459:Tuvalu
2203:Panama
2193:Mexico
2138:Canada
2133:Belize
2041:Jersey
1983:Kosovo
1945:Turkey
1935:Sweden
1915:Serbia
1905:Russia
1890:Poland
1885:Norway
1865:Monaco
1835:Latvia
1803:Greece
1788:France
1763:Cyprus
1588:Taiwan
1523:Turkey
1488:Russia
1423:Kuwait
1403:Jordan
1393:Israel
1353:Cyprus
1338:Brunei
1333:Bhutan
1242:
1225:
1212:
1142:Zambia
1137:Uganda
1077:Rwanda
1032:Malawi
992:Guinea
887:Angola
669:
585:
272:Russia
249:access
218:decree
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2638:Chile
2454:Tonga
2444:Samoa
2434:Palau
2424:Nauru
2253:Aruba
2178:Haiti
2016:Ă…land
1930:Spain
1855:Malta
1825:Italy
1629:Macau
1548:Yemen
1508:Syria
1483:Qatar
1463:Nepal
1398:Japan
1373:India
1363:Egypt
1348:China
1197:Ceuta
1117:Sudan
1067:Niger
1022:Libya
1007:Kenya
987:Ghana
977:Gabon
952:Egypt
892:Benin
559:(PDF)
552:(PDF)
351:China
347:Japan
335:India
214:edict
167:Types
159:is a
155:, or
108:JSTOR
94:books
2663:Peru
2530:Guam
2487:Niue
2409:Fiji
2323:Saba
2148:Cuba
1468:Oman
1433:Laos
1388:Iraq
1383:Iran
1127:Togo
1037:Mali
927:Chad
737:2018
704:2016
667:ISSN
567:2010
532:2022
353:and
80:news
2691:and
1600:and
659:doi
600:".
455:'s
216:or
204:or
184:or
63:by
2734::
782:.
757:.
753:.
727:.
721:.
688:.
665:.
655:36
653:.
647:.
631:^
621:.
540:^
522:.
518:.
393:.
349:,
274:.
212:,
200:,
196:,
151:,
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143:,
139:A
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2084:v
1693:e
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1272:v
862:e
855:t
848:v
823:e
816:t
809:v
792:.
768:.
739:.
706:.
673:.
661::
569:.
534:.
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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