520:), leaving Qifu Chipan in command of Yuanchuan. In summer 412, while at Tanjiao, Qifu Gangui was assassinated by Qifu Guoren's son Qifu Gongfu (乞伏公府), who also killed more than 10 brothers of Qifu Chipan. Qifu Gongfu then took up a defense position at Daxia (大夏, in modern Linxia as well). Qifu Chipan sent his brothers Qifu Zhida (乞伏智達) and Qifu Muyigan (乞伏木奕干) to attack Qifu Gongfu, while moving the capital to Fuhan. Qifu Zhida, meanwhile, defeated Qifu Gongfu and executed him, his sons, and his brother Qifu Achai (乞伏阿柴). Qifu Chipan was now the undisputed heir, and he claimed the title Prince of Henan.
543:), Qiifu Chipan decided to make a surprise attack on Ledu. He quickly arrived at Ledu and put it under siege. Soon, Ledu fell, and he relocated Tufa Hutai and his subordinates to Fuhan, while sending his army further to face Tufa Rutan. Tufa Rutan's troops, hearing that Ledu had fallen, collapsed, and Tufa Rutan surrendered, ending Southern Liang and allowing Qifu Chipan to seize the remaining Southern Liang territory. Qifu Chipan welcomed him as an honored guest, creating him the Duke of Zuonan, and created Tufa Rutan's daughter his princess. However, in 415 he poisoned Tufa Rutan to death.
453:, and later, when Qifu Chipan tried to flee to Later Qin to join his father but was captured on the way, Tufa Rutan urged for his life against Tufa Lilugu's initial desire to execute him, and Tufa Lilugu agreed with Tufa Rutan. After Tufa Lilugu died in 402 and was succeeded by Tufa Rutan, Qifu Chipan successfully escaped and fled to his father, who by then had been made a key Later Qin general. Tufa Rutan sent Qifu Chipan's wife and children to him. Qifu Gangui, who was then in control of his old capital Yuanchuan (苑川, in modern
22:
434:), a suggestion that Tufa Lilugu rejected. However, worried that Qifu Gangui would try to reestablish his state, he sent an army to watch over him. Qifu Gangui, fearing that he would be executed, then regained trust from Tufa Lilugu by sending Qifu Chipan, his brothers, and their mother to the Southern Liang capital Xiping as hostages. He himself, however, as soon as the Southern Liang guard was down, fled to Fuhan (枹罕, in modern
480:) to both prepare to defend himself against Later Qin's enemies and against a potential Later Qin campaign against him. In 409, he captured Fuhan from the Later Qin rebel Peng Xi'nian (彭奚念) and secretly sent messengers to inform Qifu Gangui of this. Qifu Gangui, who was then attending Yao Xing at Pingliang (平涼, in modern
621:), and while Western Qin was able to hold Yuanchuan, Nan'an fell, at great loss. In winter 426, Xia forces commanded by Hulu and Wei attacked Fuhan, forcing Qifu Chipan to move the capital to Dinglian (定連, also in Linxia), and Hulu and Wei then captured another important Western Qin city, Xiping (西平, in modern
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In 411, Qifu Gangui, after some campaigns against Later Qin, agreed to nominally resubmit as a vassal, and Yao Xing created him the Prince of Henan and Qifu Chipan the Duke of
Pingchang. Later that year, Qifu Gangui sent Qifu Chipan and his brother Qifu Shenqian (乞伏審虔) on a campaign against Southern
563:, he sent messengers to Liu Yu offering to be a vassal, and Liu Yu gave him the title Duke of Henan. By 417, Liu Yu had destroyed Later Qin, but he did not further head west to attack Western Qin, which seized a number of Later Qin cities on the borders. By 418, however, Jin had against lost the
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In 407, concerned that Qifu Gangui was becoming stronger and more difficult to control, Yao Xing detained him while he was visiting Chang'an, and had Qifu Chipan take over his post. Later that year, when Tufa Rutan, who had nominally been a Later Qin vassal, considered renouncing that status, he
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was the state favored by the gods, and that its emperors were capable, and so he would offer to be a
Northern Wei vassal. He then sent messengers to Northern Wei, offering suggestions on how to conquer Xia. In 426, he again requested that Northern Wei attack Xia. (There were little records of
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Having annexed
Southern Liang into his state, in 414 Qifu Chipan claimed the greater title of Prince of Qin. He also resumed his attacks on Later Qin. However, now that there was no longer Southern Liang serving as a buffer between them, he soon got into constant warfare with
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Qifu Chipan became the person that his father relied on the most on military matters. He made the scholar Jiao Yi (焦遺) Qifu Chipan's teacher, and told Qifu Chipan to serve Jiao like a father, and Qifu Chipan did so.
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In summer 428, Qifu Chipan, after telling Qifu Mumo to try to make peace with
Northern Liang by returning Juqu Mengxun's advisor Juqu Chengdu (沮渠成都), whom he had captured in 422), died, and Qifu Mumo succeeded him.
422:, and most of his state was seized by Later Qin. Qifu Gangui concluded that he could not sustain a state any more, and instructed his officials to surrender to Later Qin, while he himself surrendered to
430:, who welcomed him as an honored guest. Tufa Lilugu's brother Tufa Juyan (禿髮俱延) suspected Qifu Gangui's intentions, and suggested that Tufa Lilugu exile him to the Yifu (乙弗) tribe (probably west of the
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Later in 426, Qifu Chipan would suffer a major defeat that would debilitate his state. He was attacking
Northern Liang when Northern Liang's prince Juqu Mengxun persuaded the Xia emperor
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In 414, upon receiving news that Tufa Rutan was attacking rebellious
Tuoqihan (唾契汗) and Yifu (乙弗) tribes, leaving Tufa Hutai in command of the Southern Liang capital Ledu (樂都, in modern
613:(Helian Bobo's son and successor) to attack Fuhan. Helian Chang, in response, sent his general Hulu Gu (呼盧古) to attack Yuanchuan and Wei Fa (韋伐) to attack Nan'an (南安, in modern
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496:) but left Qifu Chipan in command of Fuhan. Late that year, Qifu Gangui redeclared independence with the title Prince of Qin, and he created Qifu Chipan crown prince again.
648:), he sent his uncle Qifu Wotou (乞伏握頭) to offer tributes to Northern Wei. By this point, however, Western Qin was also still under constant attack by Northern Liang and
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in 420 and now could concentrate on warfare with its southern neighbor
Western Qin. The battles were often inconclusive, but the war continued to wear Western Qin down.
406:. By this point, he was already described as brave and intelligent, and more capable than his father. He quickly became a key official in his father's administration.
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conflicts between
Western Qin and Xia at this stage, but the repeated pleas Qifu Chipan made to Northern Wei may suggest that he was suffering losses to Xia.)
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crown prince. That year, Qifu Chipan also received a nominal commission as a major general from Liu Yu, who had by now seized the Jin throne and established
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sent messengers to Qifu Chipan urging him to join the rebellion. Qifu Chipan beheaded Tufa Rutan's messengers and sent their heads to Chang'an.
391:, nor is it known for certain who his mother was. However, it appears likely that he was born prior to Western Qin's establishment by his uncle
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Northern Wei had captured the Xia capital Tongwan (統萬, in modern
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It is not known when Qifu Chipan was born to his father
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711:(乞伏暮末), the Crown Prince (created 420), later prince
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266:Grand General, Prince of Henan (大將軍 河南王, 412–414)
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375:captured and then killed by the Hu Xia emperor
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461:), sent Qifu Chipan to the Later Qin capital
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50:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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700:Left Consort Tufa, daughter of Tufa Rutan
682:(created 414, executed 423), daughter of
114:Learn how and when to remove this message
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410:As Southern Liang and Later Qin subject
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583:In 420, Qifu Chipan created his son
48:adding citations to reliable sources
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500:During Qifu Gangui's second reign
514:Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture
442:) and surrendered to Later Qin.
436:Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture
383:During Qifu Gangui's first reign
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735:Prince Wenzhao of (Western) Qin
339:; died 428), also known by his
822:Reason for succession failure:
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1900:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
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345:Prince Wenzhao of Western Qin
132:Prince Wenzhao of Western Qin
1985:5th-century Chinese monarchs
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268:Prince of Qin (秦王, 414–428)
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249:Yǒngkāng (永康): 412–419
201:Wuping Mausoleum (武平陵)
1834:Western Shu (405–413)
807:— TITULAR —
720:Qifu Chenglong (乞伏成龍)
717:Qifu Keshuluo (乞伏軻殊羅)
280:Prince Wénzhāo (文昭王,
126:Prince of Western Qin
660:Personal information
44:improve this article
1975:Northern Wei people
1955:Western Qin princes
357:Western Qin dynasty
1995:4th-century births
1965:Later Qin generals
1818:Huan Chu (403–404)
1653:Son of Tuoba Pugen
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65: –
64:
63:"Qifu Chipan"
60:
59:Find sources:
53:
49:
45:
39:
38:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1888:N. Dynasties
1884:S. Dynasties
1780:Murong Zhong
1760:Murong Chong
1686:Tuoba Yihuai
1673:Tuoba Yihuai
1619:Yang Nandang
1614:Yang Baozong
1514:Northern Yan
1499:Helian Chang
1432:Southern Yan
1403:Juqu Mengxun
1308:
1304:Qifu Qiangui
1241:Murong Sheng
1225:Murong Xiang
1134:Murong Huang
1059:Zhang Tianxi
1008:Former Liang
812:
811:
806:
770:
746:
738:
686:, prince of
654:
631:
611:Helian Chang
608:
603:Northern Wei
600:
593:
582:
553:Juqu Mengxun
545:
534:
527:
511:
507:
503:
471:
467:
444:
432:Qinghai Lake
413:
404:crown prince
401:
386:
344:
328:
327:
139:
110:
104:January 2015
101:
91:
84:
77:
70:
58:
42:Please help
30:
1880:16 Kingdoms
1785:Murong Yong
1755:Murong Hong
1746:Western Yan
1689:(2nd reign)
1681:(2nd reign)
1648:Tuoba Pugen
1624:Yang Baochi
1552:Yang Maosou
1504:Helian Ding
1494:Helian Bobo
1446:Murong Chao
1421:Juqu Anzhou
1408:Juqu Mujian
1374:Tufa Lilugu
1324:Later Liang
1309:Qifu Chipan
1299:Qifu Guoren
1290:Western Qin
1214:Murong Chui
800:Qifu Gangui
773:Western Qin
765:Qifu Gangui
669:Qifu Gangui
573:Helian Bobo
571:'s emperor
524:Early reign
428:Tufa Lilugu
393:Qifu Guoren
389:Qifu Gangui
377:Helian Ding
329:Qifu Chipan
321:Western Qin
290:Temple name
260:Regnal name
233:Chìpán (熾磐)
220:Family name
169:Qifu Gangui
165:Predecessor
151:Western Qin
142:Western Qin
1960:428 deaths
1949:Categories
1872:3 Kingdoms
1775:Murong Yao
1678:Tuoba Hena
1668:Tuoba Hena
1663:Tuoba Heru
1658:Tuoba Yulü
1643:Tuoba Yilu
1604:Yang Sheng
1557:Yang Nandi
1414:Juqu Wuhui
1379:Tufa Rutan
1251:Murong Yun
1230:Murong Lin
1219:Murong Bao
1154:Former Qin
1144:Murong Wei
1139:Murong Jun
1125:Former Yan
1069:Later Zhao
845:Tufa Rutan
771:Prince of
727:References
696:Concubines
684:Tufa Rutan
579:Late reign
567:region to
551:'s prince
451:Tufa Rutan
426:'s prince
397:Queen Bian
296:Tàizǔ (太祖)
229:Given name
140:Prince of
74:newspapers
1841:Qiao Zong
1825:Huan Xuan
1809:Zhai Zhao
1804:Zhai Liao
1797:(388–392)
1770:Murong Yi
1748:(384–394)
1706:(350–352)
1636:(310–376)
1609:Yang Xuan
1599:Yang Ding
1594:Yang Cuan
1588:Yang Tong
1545:(296–443)
1533:Feng Hong
1516:(407–436)
1487:(407–431)
1458:(400–421)
1441:Murong De
1434:(398–410)
1391:(397–460)
1369:Tufa Wugu
1362:(397–414)
1326:(386–403)
1314:Qifu Mumo
1292:(385–431)
1270:Yao Chang
1263:(384–417)
1261:Later Qin
1246:Murong Xi
1207:(384–409)
1205:Later Yan
1189:Dou Chong
1156:(351–394)
1127:(337–370)
1071:(319–351)
1049:Zhang Zuo
1034:Zhang Jun
1029:Zhang Mao
1024:Zhang Shi
1018:Zhang Gui
1010:(318–376)
955:(304–329)
895:(304–347)
893:Cheng-Han
835:Qifu Mumo
783:Qifu Mumo
709:Qifu Mumo
705:Children
585:Qifu Mumo
565:Guanzhong
482:Pingliang
416:Later Qin
373:Qifu Mumo
242:Era dates
224:Qǐfú (乞伏)
211:Full name
179:Qifu Mumo
175:Successor
149:Ruler of
31:does not
1795:Zhai Wei
1765:Duan Sui
1736:Duan Kan
1582:Yang Shi
1577:Yang Jun
1572:Yang Guo
1567:Yang Chu
1333:Lü Guang
1280:Yao Hong
1275:Yao Xing
1195:Fu Chong
1168:Fu Sheng
1114:Liu Xian
1103:Shi Jian
1083:Shi Hong
985:Jin Zhun
974:Liu Cong
962:Liu Yuan
953:Han-Zhao
916:Li Xiong
777:412–428
642:Tianshui
589:Liu Song
559:general
463:Chang'an
447:daughter
420:Yao Xing
418:emperor
1719:Ran Zhi
1713:Ran Min
1704:Ran Wei
1562:Yang Yi
1543:Chouchi
1528:Feng Ba
1523:Gao Yun
1398:Duan Ye
1350:Lü Long
1345:Lü Zuan
1339:Lü Shao
1235:Lan Han
1183:Fu Deng
1173:Fu Jiān
1163:Fu Jiàn
1108:Shi Zhi
1098:Shi Zun
1093:Shi Shi
991:Liu Yao
979:Liu Can
942:Fan Ben
931:Li Shou
819:412–428
665:Father
650:Chouchi
638:Shaanxi
627:Qinghai
541:Qinghai
530:Tuyuhun
474:Lanzhou
353:Xianbei
351:of the
343:as the
333:Chinese
316:Dynasty
160:412–428
88:scholar
52:removed
37:sources
1912:W. Xia
1475:Li Xun
1470:Li Xin
1465:Li Gao
1088:Shi Hu
1078:Shi Le
997:Liu Xi
968:Liu He
936:Li Shi
921:Li Ban
910:Li Liu
745:
694:Major
623:Xining
615:Dingxi
561:Liu Yu
490:Baiyin
455:Baiyin
349:prince
335::
197:Burial
90:
83:
76:
69:
61:
1856:Shang
1178:Fu Pi
926:Li Qi
903:Li Te
747:Died:
676:Wife
646:Gansu
634:Yulin
619:Gansu
518:Gansu
494:Gansu
486:Gansu
478:Gansu
459:Gansu
440:Gansu
306:House
157:Reign
134:西秦文昭王
95:JSTOR
81:books
1928:Qing
1924:Ming
1920:Yuan
1908:Song
1904:Liao
1896:Tang
1860:Zhou
367:and
337:乞伏熾磐
310:Qifu
282:lit.
189:Died
67:news
35:any
33:cite
1936:PRC
1932:ROC
1916:Jīn
1892:Sui
1876:Jìn
1868:Han
1864:Qin
1852:Xia
1634:Dai
1485:Xia
749:428
569:Xia
557:Jin
192:428
46:by
1951::
1934:/
1930:→
1926:→
1922:→
1918:→
1914:/
1910:/
1906:/
1902:→
1898:→
1894:→
1890:→
1886:/
1882:→
1878:/
1874:→
1870:→
1866:→
1862:→
1858:→
1854:→
652:.
644:,
636:,
625:,
617:,
591:.
539:,
516:,
492:,
484:,
476:,
457:,
438:,
379:.
231::
222::
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876:e
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331:(
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111:(
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102:(
92:·
85:·
78:·
71:·
54:.
40:.
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