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2355:. There are two native frameworks, the so-called S3 and S4 systems. The former, being more informal, supports single dispatch on the first argument and objects are assigned to a class by just setting a "class" attribute in each object. The latter is a
1790:
One of R's strengths is the ease of creating new functions. Objects in the function body remain local to the function, and any data type may be returned. In R, almost all functions and all user-defined functions are
2266:
Another alternative to nested functions, in contrast to using the pipe character, is using intermediate objects. However, some argue that using the pipe operator will produce code that is easier to read.
653:
Base packages are immediately available when starting R and provide the necessary syntax and commands for programming, computing, graphics production, basic arithmetic, and statistical functionality.
55:
7407:
676:. CRAN originally had three mirrors and 12 contributed packages. As of June 2024, it has 104 mirrors and 20,853 contributed packages. Packages are also available on
1050:
which features short to medium-length articles on the use and development of R. It includes articles on packages, programming tips, CRAN news, and foundation news.
576:, comes from being both an S language successor as well as the shared first letter of the authors, Ross and Robert. In August 1993, Ihaka and Gentleman posted a
5078:
2494:
The R language has built-in support for data modeling and graphics. The following example shows how R can generate and plot a linear model with residuals.
6492:
3222:
version naming system. Dalgaard also noted that another reason for the use of
Peanuts references for R codenames is because, "everyone in statistics is a
10056:
6883:
The R language and related software play a major role in computing for data science. ... R packages provide tools for a wide range of purposes and users.
10748:
4283:
3200:
In 2018, core R developer Peter
Dalgaard presented a history of R releases since 1997. Some notable early releases before the named releases include:
10798:
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9793:
7294:
5903:
5040:
10803:
10793:
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5352:
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2109:
Since version 4.1.0 functions can be written in a short notation, which is useful for passing anonymous functions to higher-order functions:
1298:
and use of the command-line interface. (An expanded list of standard language features can be found in the R manual, "An
Introduction to R".)
7236:
Talbot, Justin; DeVito, Zachary; Hanrahan, Pat (1 January 2012). "Riposte: A trace-driven compiler and parallel VM for vector code in R".
10753:
2490:
Diagnostic plots from plotting “model” (q.v. “plot.lm()” function). Notice the mathematical notation allowed in labels (lower left plot).
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6742:
6614:
1492:# Transpose the matrix, multiply every element by 2, subtract 2 from each element in the matrix, and return the results to the terminal.
10813:
6187:
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4884:
4172:
4710:
4141:
4107:
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6522:
6192:
4374:
4703:
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2178:, was introduced. This operator allows users to chain functions together one after another, instead of a nested function call.
17:
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1552:# Create a new data.frame object that contains the data from a transposed z_matrix, with row names 'A' and 'B'
10743:
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7169:
6810:
6182:
5299:
4247:
4218:
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6653:
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1026:. The R Foundation for Statistical Computing was founded in April 2003 to provide financial support. The R Consortium is a
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3577:
5923:
5896:
5087:
4182:
131:
788:
package is an "umbrella" package that bundles together several subsidiary packages that are designed to work together.
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5869:
5345:
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857:
673:
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are collections of functions, documentation, and data that expand R. For example, packages add report features such as
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https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-qc6bb7/images/stencil/1280x1280/products/11697/21379/pzl7274__10391.1456100538.jpg?c=2
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81:
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that dispatches to different methods depending on whether its argument is a numeric vector or a "factor":
1206:
implementation. As of 30 June 2021, Microsoft started to phase out MRO in favor of the CRAN distribution.
7450:
6229:
6124:
6119:
6062:
6042:
5799:
5769:
5699:
5101:
2352:
1295:
985:
958:
339:
210:
139:
10600:
6294:, partially annotated list of books that are related to S or R and may be useful to the R user community
6430:
6257:
depends upon. It may also display warnings showing namespace conflicts, which may typically be ignored.
6215:
6067:
5963:
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5629:
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We set a goal of developing enough of a language to teach introductory statistics courses at
Auckland.
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8992:
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7238:
Proceedings of the 21st international conference on
Parallel architectures and compilation techniques
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6032:
3859:
892:
6852:
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6701:
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5704:
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when version 0.60 was released. On
February 29, 2000, the first official 1.0 version was released.
551:
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344:
63:
59:
43:
9794:"METLIFE : Brush Up on Fire Safety Basics -October 07, 2008 at 04:03 pm EDT | MarketScreener"
218:
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CD of R Version 1.0.0, autographed by the core team of R, photographed R in Quebec City in 2019
1681:# The data.frame column Z can be accessed using $ Z, , or syntax and the values are the same.
853:
547:
488:
151:
147:
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Version 2.0.0 released on
October 4, 2004 (2004-10-04), "which at least had a nice ring to it"
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781:
400:
7317:"An Introduction to R. Notes on R: A Programming Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics"
989:
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7363:
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5912:
5664:
5402:
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2368:
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1224:
1146:
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668:, executable files, documentation, and user-created packages. Its name and scope mimic the
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8:
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408:
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table with a single row for each observation and a single column for each variable. The
10068:
https://i.etsystatic.com/12512391/r/il/23f45c/5091663835/il_680x540.5091663835_dqpa.jpg
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1053:
The R community hosts many conferences and in-person meetups. These groups include:
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1765:# Access and then change the row.names attribute; can also be done using rownames()
1075:
1047:
1027:
762:
754:
746:
696:
646:. Easy package installation and use have contributed to the language's adoption in
527:
473:
270:
6319:"Evaluating the design of the R language: objects and functions for data analysis"
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5819:
5804:
5659:
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5526:
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1132:
773:
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562:
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6998:
6334:
6280:
2676:"Mandelbrot.gif" graphic created in R. (Note: Colors differ from actual output.)
2672:
737:
Packages add the capability to implement various statistical techniques such as
10551:
7122:
5669:
5611:
5415:
4992:
4894:
4572:
4532:
4471:
4399:
2681:
2005:
1863:# an explicit return() statement is optional, could be replaced with simply `z`
1183:
708:
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817:
To load the functions, data, and documentation of a package, one executes the
10727:
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4814:
4683:
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4335:
1038:
927:
704:
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6547:
Giorgi, Federico M.; Ceraolo, Carmine; Mercatelli, Daniele (27 April 2022).
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954:
6592:
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5007:
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978:
962:
719:
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592:
275:
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6317:
Morandat, Frances; Hill, Brandon; Osvald, Leo; Vitek, Jan (11 June 2012).
6275:
1152:
519:
9221:
https://collectpeanuts.com/Collection/ImagesW/Plaques/201405/IMG_4892.jpg
7185:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2486:
691:
on the CRAN web site list packages in fields such as finance, genetics,
688:
9819:"MetLife Advises People to Brush Up on Fire Safety Basics to Stay Safe"
6047:
5828:
5784:
5463:
5392:
5330:
5141:
4919:
4913:
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4547:
4481:
861:
727:
539:
469:
167:
10553:
It's the Easter Beagle, Charlie Brown! (TV Short 1974) - Quotes - IMDb
7474:
Chapter 5 R Release Names | Data
Science with R: A Resource Compendium
6940:
4207:
R for data science: import, tidy, transform, visualize, and model data
1447:# Create a new matrix that turns the vector z into a 3x2 matrix object
617:
7514:
6675:
6144:
5779:
5654:
5596:
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5208:
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Wickham, Hadley; Cetinkaya-Rundel, Mine; Grolemund, Garrett (2023).
6797:
Wickham, Hadley; Cetinkaya-Rundel, Mine; Grolemund, Garrett (2023).
6224:
4229:
4205:
Wickham, Hadley; Çetinkaya-Rundel, Mine; Grolemund, Garrett (2023).
6895:
Davies, Tilman M. (2016). "Installing R and
Contributed Packages".
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660:(CRAN) was founded in 1997 by Kurt Hornik and Fritz Leisch to host
62:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
10601:"Our Favorite Quotes and Sayings from "A Charlie Brown Christmas""
1169:
546:
as a programming language to teach introductory statistics at the
10196:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for September 03, 1971 | GoComics.com"
9338:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for September 09, 1965 | GoComics.com"
8089:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for September 25, 1969 | GoComics.com"
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10247:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for November 22, 1953 | GoComics.com"
9743:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for December 18, 1980 | GoComics.com"
9621:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for February 20, 1964 | GoComics.com"
9259:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for February 19, 1967 | GoComics.com"
8812:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for February 29, 2000 | GoComics.com"
8710:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for February 06, 1962 | GoComics.com"
8531:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for February 27, 2006 | GoComics.com"
8403:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for February 12, 1986 | GoComics.com"
8300:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for November 01, 1967 | GoComics.com"
8141:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for February 08, 1974 | GoComics.com"
8037:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for November 22, 1970 | GoComics.com"
7884:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for November 26, 1964 | GoComics.com"
7155:
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4204:
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10652:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for October 29, 1973 | GoComics.com"
10400:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for October 31, 1969 | GoComics.com"
10349:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for October 23, 1965 | GoComics.com"
10145:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for January 11, 1965 | GoComics.com"
9465:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for October 30, 1968 | GoComics.com"
9172:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for January 27, 1973 | GoComics.com"
9070:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for January 25, 1960 | GoComics.com"
8608:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for October 23, 1972 | GoComics.com"
8167:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for January 08, 1970 | GoComics.com"
8115:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for October 13, 1973 | GoComics.com"
7986:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for October 30, 1962 | GoComics.com"
7730:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for October 31, 1996 | GoComics.com"
6549:"The R Language: An Engine for Bioinformatics and Data Science"
6104:
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1004:
923:
919:
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681:
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10703:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for August 17, 1967 | GoComics.com"
6766:"The R Project: A Brief History and Thoughts About the Future"
6608:"The R Project: A Brief History and Thoughts About the Future"
6285:
4638:
2653:
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
10502:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for April 11, 1971 | GoComics.com"
9922:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for April 07, 1966 | GoComics.com"
9871:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for March 10, 1969 | GoComics.com"
9121:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for March 09, 1972 | GoComics.com"
9019:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for March 11, 1959 | GoComics.com"
8968:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for March 03, 1963 | GoComics.com"
8917:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for March 22, 1971 | GoComics.com"
8761:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for April 24, 1970 | GoComics.com"
8659:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for April 14, 1962 | GoComics.com"
8557:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for March 13, 1959 | GoComics.com"
8505:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for March 02, 1959 | GoComics.com"
8221:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for March 06, 1967 | GoComics.com"
7935:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for March 30, 2001 | GoComics.com"
7781:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for April 28, 1979 | GoComics.com"
6012:
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Statistical frameworks which use R in the background include
984:
General purpose programming languages that support R include
639:
259:
115:
10451:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for June 06, 1987 | GoComics.com"
10298:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for June 23, 1981 | GoComics.com"
10046:
https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/9XoAAOSwI51iIBwR/s-l1600.webp
9516:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for June 15, 1967 | GoComics.com"
9414:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for June 29, 1966 | GoComics.com"
8863:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for July 12, 1965 | GoComics.com"
8454:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for July 30, 1978 | GoComics.com"
8326:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for July 12, 1967 | GoComics.com"
8063:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for July 29, 1971 | GoComics.com"
7858:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for June 16, 1980 | GoComics.com"
7832:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for June 13, 1980 | GoComics.com"
7679:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for June 29, 1980 | GoComics.com"
7628:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for June 29, 1980 | GoComics.com"
7073:
3204:
Version 1.0.0 released on
February 29, 2000 (2000-02-29), a
434:, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data.
314:
9567:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for May 07, 1971 | GoComics.com"
8352:"Peanuts by Charles Schulz for May 17, 1978 | GoComics.com"
6899:. San Francisco, California: No Starch Press. p. 739.
6897:
The Book of R: A First Course in Programming and Statistics
6094:
5724:
5617:
5495:
5478:
5425:
5410:
5178:
5136:
5106:
4844:
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1008:
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3214:
The idea of naming R version releases was inspired by the
8268:
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7519:, The R-hub project of the R Consortium, 29 February 2024
7295:"Looking to the future for R in Azure SQL and SQL Server"
7210:
6129:
6099:
4774:
4318:
4209:(2nd ed.). Beijing Boston Farnham Sebastopol Tokyo:
1240:
946:
915:
106:
2659:
Multiple R-squared: 0.9583, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9478
1086:
6546:
6316:
1806:# The function returns a linear combination of x and y.
8263:
6826:
2656:
Residual standard error: 3.055 on 4 degrees of freedom
1702:# Print attributes information about the new_df object
1408:# Return the contents of z to the current environment.
1079:
588:. At the same time, they announced the posting on the
6641:
6458:
6213:
1093:
722:
project provides packages for genomic data analysis,
7546:"What's in a name? 20 years of R release management"
7235:
2688:. It models the first 20 iterations of the equation
2662:
F-statistic: 91.88 on 1 and 4 DF, p-value: 0.000662
2647:
x 7.0000 0.7303 9.585 0.000662 ***
1336:# Create a numeric vector in the current environment
1220:
project, some companies provide commercial support:
1019:
The R Core Team was founded in 1997 to maintain the
7339:
2644:(Intercept) -9.3333 2.8441 -3.282 0.030453 *
1085:
SatRdays: R-focused conferences held on Saturdays (
6323:European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
1112:The main R implementation is written primarily in
1057:UseR!: an annual international R user conference (
860:(IDE). IDEs for R include R.app (OSX/macOS only),
791:Installing a package occurs only once. To install
6469:. 3.3 What are the differences between R and S?.
2004:It is possible to define functions to be used as
46:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
10725:
8582:"[Rd] R 4.0.4 scheduled for February 15"
7390:"Advanced R - Functional programming - Closures"
1597:# Set the column names of new_df as X, Y, and Z.
1399:# Create a new vector that is the sum of x and y
554:, with most S programs able to run unaltered in
6642:Hornik, Kurt; The R Core Team (12 April 2022).
6459:Hornik, Kurt; The R Core Team (12 April 2022).
5086:
5041:Free Software Foundation anti-Windows campaigns
3189:All R version releases from 2.14.0 onward have
1099:posit::conf (formerly known as rstudio::conf) (
776:for tasks related to accessing and processing "
9791:
7488:McGowan, Lucy D’Agostino (28 September 2017).
6354:
2635:3.3333 -0.6667 -2.6667 -2.6667 -0.6667 3.3333
2346:
7211:"IDE/Editor para Linguagem R | Tinn-R - Home"
7074:"The Omega Project for Statistical Computing"
6288:, curated list of R-related programming books
5897:
5346:
5072:
4654:
4277:
1237:, which integrates R into its other products.
1227:provides commercial support for Revolution R.
6844:
6790:
4291:
2357:Common Lisp Object System (CLOS)-like system
2012:where "name" is the function variable name:
1294:The following examples illustrate the basic
879:General purpose IDEs that support R include
6969:
6693:
6485:
5232:
1064:Directions in Statistical Computing (DSC) (
941:Scripting languages that support R include
430:language is augmented by a large number of
10599:McGough, Nellah Bailey (20 January 2023).
6757:
6599:
6312:
6310:
6308:
6170:
5904:
5890:
5353:
5339:
5079:
5065:
4661:
4647:
4284:
4270:
4227:
2641:Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
2559:# Display an in-depth summary of the model
1785:
322:
217:
10749:Data mining and machine learning software
6868:
6582:
6572:
5911:
4300:
4173:Comparison of numerical-analysis software
3578:It was a dark and stormy night#Literature
1708:"X" "Y" "Z"
1357:# Create vector based on the values in x.
856:. Available for installation are various
624:created from the R visualization package
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
9331:
9329:
8910:
8908:
7543:
7361:
6850:
6375:
6373:
5360:
3180:
2696:represents different complex constants.
2671:
2485:
2481:
1135:, attempts to improve memory management.
616:
526:
518:
10799:Numerical analysis software for Windows
10759:Dynamically typed programming languages
10598:
7487:
6454:
6452:
6305:
2532:# Linear regression model y = A + B * x
2165:
2157:# here \(i) is the same as function(i)
14:
10726:
10700:
10649:
10575:"R 2.14.2 is released + R anniversary"
10499:
10448:
10397:
10346:
10295:
10244:
10193:
10142:
9970:
9919:
9868:
9740:
9618:
9614:
9612:
9564:
9513:
9462:
9411:
9335:
9256:
9169:
9118:
9067:
9016:
8965:
8914:
8860:
8809:
8758:
8707:
8656:
8605:
8554:
8528:
8502:
8451:
8400:
8349:
8323:
8297:
8218:
8164:
8138:
8112:
8086:
8060:
8034:
7983:
7932:
7881:
7855:
7829:
7778:
7727:
7676:
7625:
7151:
7149:
7147:
6922:
6918:
6916:
6894:
2958:# reshape as matrix of complex numbers
2699:Install the package that provides the
2607:# Output diagnostic plots of the model
2351:The R language has native support for
10804:Programming languages created in 1993
10794:Numerical analysis software for macOS
10789:Numerical analysis software for Linux
9326:
8905:
8214:
8212:
8087:Schulz, Charles (25 September 1969).
7539:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7278:TIBCO offers free R to the enterprise
6925:"The Comprehensive R Archive Network"
6778:from the original on 28 December 2022
6745:from the original on 12 February 2023
6732:
6714:from the original on 28 December 2022
6656:from the original on 28 December 2022
6620:from the original on 28 December 2022
6515:
6473:from the original on 28 December 2022
6431:"R Data Format Family (.rdata, .rda)"
6370:
5885:
5334:
5060:
4642:
4265:
4142:It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown
4108:It's the Easter Beagle, Charlie Brown
2359:of formal classes (also derived from
1305:is an arrow made from two characters
1209:
10245:Schulz, Charles (22 November 1953).
10194:Schulz, Charles (3 September 1971).
9975:. New York : Penguin Workshop.
9741:Schulz, Charles (18 December 1980).
9619:Schulz, Charles (20 February 1964).
9336:Schulz, Charles (9 September 1965).
9257:Schulz, Charles (19 February 1967).
8810:Schulz, Charles (29 February 2000).
8529:Schulz, Charles (27 February 2006).
8401:Schulz, Charles (12 February 1986).
8035:Schulz, Charles (22 November 1970).
7882:Schulz, Charles (26 November 1964).
6449:
4759:GNAT Modified General Public License
4327:
3721:It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown
2574:# Create a 2 by 2 layout for figures
2363:) and generic methods that supports
1233:provides commercial support for the
558:. The language was also inspired by
531:Robert Gentleman, co-originator of R
26:
10650:Schulz, Charles (29 October 1973).
10398:Schulz, Charles (31 October 1969).
10347:Schulz, Charles (23 October 1965).
10143:Schulz, Charles (11 January 1965).
9609:
9463:Schulz, Charles (30 October 1968).
9170:Schulz, Charles (27 January 1973).
9068:Schulz, Charles (25 January 1960).
8708:Schulz, Charles (6 February 1962).
8606:Schulz, Charles (23 October 1972).
8298:Schulz, Charles (1 November 1967).
8139:Schulz, Charles (8 February 1974).
8113:Schulz, Charles (13 October 1973).
7984:Schulz, Charles (30 October 1962).
7728:Schulz, Charles (31 October 1996).
7576:"Race for Your Life, Charlie Brown"
7470:
7387:
7144:
6913:
6649:The Comprehensive R Archive Network
6466:The Comprehensive R Archive Network
6253:a listing of all the packages that
4183:List of numerical-analysis software
2216:# Nested without the pipe character
1803:# The input parameters are x and y.
1243:provides commercial support for in-
1155:and Riposte are implementations of
858:integrated development environments
550:. The language was inspired by the
94:Programming language for statistics
24:
10754:Data-centric programming languages
10701:Schulz, Charles (17 August 1967).
8633:"[Rd] R 4.0.3 is released"
8479:"[Rd] R 4.0.5 is released"
8428:"[Rd] R 4.1.0 is released"
8377:"[Rd] R 4.1.1 is released"
8274:"[Rd] R 4.1.2 is released"
8246:"[Rd] R 4.2.0 is released"
8209:
8192:"[Rd] R 4.2.1 is released"
8165:Schulz, Charles (8 January 1970).
8011:"[Rd] R 4.2.2 is released"
7960:"[Rd] R 4.2.3 is released"
7909:"[Rd] R 4.3.0 is released"
7806:"[Rd] R 4.3.1 is released"
7755:"[Rd] R 4.3.2 is released"
7530:
7158:R for Data Science, Second Edition
7016:
6991:
6799:R for Data Science, Second Edition
6652:. 2.13 What is the R Foundation?.
4198:
4178:Comparison of statistical packages
3939:You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown
1107:
674:Comprehensive Perl Archive Network
501:integrated development environment
25:
10825:
10814:Statistical programming languages
10500:Schulz, Charles (11 April 1971).
10119:"[R] R 3.1.0 is released"
10094:"[R] R 3.1.1 is released"
10022:"[R] R 3.1.2 is released"
9947:"[R] R 3.2.0 is released"
9869:Schulz, Charles (10 March 1969).
9792:MarketScreener (7 October 2008).
9592:"[R] R 3.3.0 is released"
9541:"[R] R 3.3.1 is released"
9490:"[R] R 3.3.2 is released"
9439:"[R] R 3.3.3 is released"
9017:Schulz, Charles (11 March 1959).
8915:Schulz, Charles (22 March 1971).
8759:Schulz, Charles (24 April 1970).
8657:Schulz, Charles (14 April 1962).
8555:Schulz, Charles (13 March 1959).
7933:Schulz, Charles (30 March 2001).
7779:Schulz, Charles (28 April 1979).
7364:"Quick-R: User-Defined Functions"
7342:"Assignments with the = Operator"
7099:"Build software better, together"
6763:
6699:
6605:
6264:
4749:GNU Affero General Public License
4744:GNU Lesser General Public License
3075:# the central difference equation
2667:
1194:implementation to integrate with
1124:. Other implementations include:
670:Comprehensive TeX Archive Network
491:. Moreover, multiple third-party
10694:
10669:
10643:
10618:
10592:
10567:
10544:
10519:
10493:
10468:
10442:
10417:
10391:
10366:
10340:
10315:
10296:Schulz, Charles (23 June 1981).
10289:
10264:
10238:
10213:
10187:
10162:
10136:
10111:
10086:
10072:
10061:
10050:
10039:
10014:
9989:
9964:
9939:
9920:Schulz, Charles (7 April 1966).
9913:
9888:
9862:
9837:
9811:
9785:
9760:
9734:
9709:
9684:
9659:
9638:
9584:
9558:
9533:
9514:Schulz, Charles (15 June 1967).
9507:
9482:
9456:
9431:
9412:Schulz, Charles (29 June 1966).
9405:
9380:
9355:
9301:
9276:
9250:
9225:
9214:
9189:
9163:
9138:
9119:Schulz, Charles (9 March 1972).
9112:
9087:
9061:
9036:
9010:
8985:
8966:Schulz, Charles (3 March 1963).
8959:
8861:Schulz, Charles (12 July 1965).
8503:Schulz, Charles (2 March 1959).
8452:Schulz, Charles (30 July 1978).
8324:Schulz, Charles (12 July 1967).
8219:Schulz, Charles (6 March 1967).
8061:Schulz, Charles (29 July 1971).
7856:Schulz, Charles (16 June 1980).
7830:Schulz, Charles (13 June 1980).
7677:Schulz, Charles (29 June 1980).
7626:Schulz, Charles (29 June 1980).
7544:Dalgaard, Peter (15 July 2018).
6223:
6198:
6197:
6169:
4317:
3176:
1256:
376:
114:
105:
31:
10449:Schulz, Charles (6 June 1987).
8934:
8880:
8854:
8829:
8803:
8778:
8752:
8727:
8701:
8676:
8650:
8625:
8599:
8574:
8548:
8522:
8496:
8471:
8445:
8420:
8394:
8369:
8350:Schulz, Charles (17 May 1978).
8343:
8317:
8291:
8238:
8184:
8158:
8132:
8106:
8080:
8054:
8028:
8003:
7977:
7952:
7926:
7901:
7875:
7849:
7823:
7798:
7772:
7747:
7721:
7696:
7670:
7645:
7619:
7594:
7568:
7507:
7481:
7464:
7443:
7418:
7400:
7381:
7355:
7333:
7309:
7287:
7270:
7229:
7203:
7178:
7131:Journal of Statistical Software
7116:
7091:
7066:
7041:
6963:
6888:
6819:
6733:Ihaka, Ross (5 December 1997).
6726:
6668:
6635:
6355:Peter Dalgaard (14 June 2024).
6243:
4668:
4453:
1289:
898:Editors that support R include
658:Comprehensive R Archive Network
9565:Schulz, Charles (7 May 1971).
6929:WIREs Computational Statistics
6540:
6423:
6398:
6292:Books Related to R - R Project
4754:GNU Free Documentation License
2684:example highlights the use of
1375:# Print the vector’s contents.
1301:In R, the generally preferred
1202:Microsoft R Open (MRO) was an
523:Ross Ihaka, co-originator of R
13:
1:
9896:"[R] R 3.2.1 liftoff"
9692:"R 3.2.4-revised is released"
7276:Jackson, Joab (16 May 2013).
7024:"CRAN - Contributed Packages"
6970:Kurt Hornik (23 April 1997).
6381:"R - Free Software Directory"
6298:
2170:In R version 4.1.0, a native
1074:: an organization to promote
847:
456:. It is written primarily in
407:. It has been adopted in the
10744:Cross-platform free software
6999:"The Status of CRAN Mirrors"
6702:"R: Past and Future History"
5029:GNU/Linux naming controversy
4188:List of statistical software
2991:# initialize output 3D array
1615:# Print the current results.
1014:
584:on StatLib — a data archive
7:
10739:Array programming languages
10080:"Peanuts Springbok Puzzles"
9971:Schulz, Charles M. (2019).
6335:10.1007/978-3-642-31057-7_6
5102:Advanced Simulation Library
5088:Numerical-analysis software
4166:
2446:Length Class Mode
2353:object-oriented programming
2347:Object-oriented programming
1714:"A" "B"
1313:can be used in some cases.
1251:
606:
193:; 31 years ago
10:
10830:
6851:Chambers, John M. (2020).
4727:GNU General Public License
4228:Gagolewski, Marek (2024).
3144:"Mandelbrot.gif"
2258:# Using the pipe character
732:high-throughput sequencing
693:high-performance computing
610:
572:The name of the language,
538:was started by professors
514:
454:GNU General Public License
10769:Free statistical software
10563:– via www.imdb.com.
9973:Happiness is a warm puppy
7494:livefreeordichotomize.com
7362:Kabacoff, Robert (2012).
7340:R Development Core Team.
7284:. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
7217:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
6344:– via SpringerLink.
6165:
5942:
5919:
5857:
5818:
5714:
5587:
5578:
5540:
5401:
5368:
5313:
5252:
5094:
5021:
4965:
4767:
4719:
4676:
4618:
4586:
4510:
4452:
4355:
4326:
4315:
4299:
4257:
3860:A Charlie Brown Christmas
3825:Very, Very Secure Dishes
3045:# loop with 20 iterations
1284:"Hello, World!"
1278:"Hello, World!"
893:R Tools for Visual Studio
852:R comes installed with a
493:graphical user interfaces
472:are provided for various
373:
363:
358:
335:
330:
309:
281:
269:
253:
241:
237:
209:
205:
187:
177:
161:
125:
113:
104:
10734:R (programming language)
6853:"S, R, and Data Science"
6735:"New R Version for Unix"
6276:Free Software Foundation
6236:
5705:World Programming System
4711:History of free software
4689:Free Software Foundation
4293:R (programming language)
4156:Unsuffered Consequences
3498:Bunny-Wunnies Freak Out
2724:
2705:
2626:
2496:
2383:
2269:
2180:
2111:
2014:
2008:with the special syntax
1885:
1800:
1315:
1266:
1172:is an implementation of
1141:is an implementation of
827:
797:
452:and available under the
448:. It is licensed by the
7246:10.1145/2370816.2370825
7240:. ACM. pp. 43–52.
7141::10.18637/jss.v059.i10.
4467:Emacs Speaks Statistics
3889:World-Famous Astronaut
3810:Supposedly Educational
3193:that make reference to
2499:# Create x and y values
1786:Structure of a function
1262:"Hello, World!" program
780:", data contained in a
680:R-Forge, Omegahat, and
595:. On December 5, 1997,
495:are available, such as
10764:Free plotting software
10677:"R 2.14.0 is released"
10626:"R 2.14.1 is released"
10527:"R 2.15.0 is released"
10476:"R 2.15.1 is released"
10425:"R 2.15.2 is released"
10374:"R 2.15.3 is released"
9798:www.marketscreener.com
6527:pandas Getting started
4611:(formerly RStudio PBC)
4240:10.5281/ZENODO.7490464
3855:Wooden Christmas-Tree
3780:Sincere Pumpkin Patch
3573:Dark and Stormy Night
3393:Vigorous Calisthenics
3363:Innocent and Trusting
3186:
2677:
2491:
2449:5 character character
1720:"data.frame"
1296:syntax of the language
628:
552:S programming language
548:University of Auckland
532:
524:
489:command line interface
224:; 3 months ago
18:R programming language
10323:"R 3.0.0 is released"
10272:"R 3.0.1 is released"
10221:"R 3.0.2 is released"
10170:"R 3.0.3 is released"
9997:"R 3.1.3 is released"
9845:"R 3.2.2 is released"
9768:"R 3.2.3 is released"
9717:"R 3.2.4 is released"
9667:"R 3.2.5 is released"
9388:"R 3.4.0 is released"
9363:"R 3.4.1 is released"
9309:"R 3.4.2 is released"
9284:"R 3.4.3 is released"
9233:"R 3.4.4 is released"
9197:"R 3.5.0 is released"
9146:"R 3.5.1 is released"
9095:"R 3.5.2 is released"
9044:"R 3.5.3 is released"
8993:"R 3.6.0 is released"
8942:"R 3.6.1 is released"
8888:"R 3.6.2 is released"
8837:"R 3.6.3 is released"
8786:"R 4.0.0 is released"
8735:"R 4.0.1 is released"
8684:"R 4.0.2 is released"
7704:"R 4.3.3 is released"
7653:"R 4.4.0 is released"
7602:"R 4.4.1 is released"
7125:(2014). "Tidy Data" (
7053:r-forge.r-project.org
6923:Hornik, Kurt (2012).
6357:"R 4.4.1 is released"
5913:Programming languages
4073:Roasted Marshmallows
3558:Holding the Windsock
3184:
3099:# capture the results
2703:function beforehand:
2675:
2489:
2482:Modeling and plotting
2473:a b c NA's
1639:# Output the Z column
809:"tidyverse"
768:One popular package,
620:
530:
522:
401:statistical computing
10784:Literate programming
10779:GNU Project software
10774:Functional languages
9367:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
9313:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
9288:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
9237:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
9201:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8997:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8946:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8892:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8841:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8790:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8739:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8688:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8586:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8483:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8432:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8381:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
8278:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
7708:hypatia.math.ethz.ch
6870:10.32614/RJ-2020-028
6676:"Index of /datasets"
6574:10.3390/life12050648
6230:Computer programming
5665:Revolution Analytics
5362:Statistical software
5265:FEATool Multiphysics
4599:Revolution Analytics
4122:December Snowflakes
4103:Gift-Getting Season
3904:Full of Ingredients
3750:You Stupid Darkness
3230:R release codenames
2369:multiple inheritance
2166:Native pipe operator
1225:Revolution Analytics
1147:Java Virtual Machine
1078:in the R community (
990:Rserve socket server
854:command line console
759:time-series analysis
749:modeling, classical
481:interpreted language
397:programming language
52:improve this article
6565:2022Life...12..648G
6523:"Comparison with R"
6410:mercury.webster.edu
5046:Defective by Design
5013:Richard M. Stallman
4343:(Revolution R Open)
3840:Very Secure Dishes
3682:Someone to Lean On
3607:Planting of a Tree
3592:Action of the Toes
3258:Race for Your Life
3231:
2805:"#7F0000"
2793:"#FF7F00"
2781:"#7FFF7F"
2769:"#007FFF"
2714:"caTools"
1798:Create a function:
1303:assignment operator
1030:project to develop
283:Filename extensions
188:First appeared
101:
64:footnote references
7430:cran.r-project.org
7190:cran.r-project.org
7049:"R-Forge: Welcome"
7028:cran.r-project.org
7003:cran.r-project.org
6271:R Technical Papers
4978:Benjamin Mako Hill
4231:Deep R Programming
3483:Lost Library Book
3378:Funny-Looking Kid
3244:Peanuts reference
3229:
3197:comics and films.
3187:
2678:
2492:
2320:mtcars_subset_rows
2275:mtcars_subset_rows
1235:Big Data Appliance
1210:Commercial support
1190:, wrote TERR — an
821:function. To load
743:generalized linear
713:spatial statistics
629:
533:
525:
509:notebook interface
432:extension packages
405:data visualization
99:
9982:978-1-5247-8995-4
9825:. 12 October 2005
7490:"R release names"
7471:Monkman, Martin.
7388:Wickham, Hadley.
7171:978-1-492-09740-2
6941:10.1002/wics.1212
6812:978-1-492-09740-2
6385:directory.fsf.org
6249:This displays to
6211:
6210:
6193:Non-English-based
5879:
5878:
5853:
5852:
5328:
5327:
5248:
5247:
5054:
5053:
4998:Georg C. F. Greve
4905:GNU Privacy Guard
4732:linking exception
4636:
4635:
4538:Dirk Eddelbuettel
4249:978-0-6455719-2-9
4220:978-1-4920-9740-2
4164:
4163:
4043:Security Blanket
3795:Bug in Your Hair
3697:Kite-Eating Tree
3513:Taking Off Again
3348:Shortstop Beagle
3333:Already Tomorrow
2787:"white"
2757:"green"
2365:multiple dispatch
2335:num_mtcars_subset
2308:num_mtcars_subset
1216:Although R is an
751:statistical tests
724:complementary DNA
474:operating systems
390:
389:
243:Typing discipline
92:
91:
84:
16:(Redirected from
10821:
10809:Science software
10718:
10717:
10715:
10713:
10698:
10692:
10691:
10689:
10687:
10673:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10662:
10647:
10641:
10640:
10638:
10636:
10622:
10616:
10615:
10613:
10611:
10596:
10590:
10589:
10587:
10585:
10571:
10565:
10564:
10562:
10560:
10548:
10542:
10541:
10539:
10537:
10523:
10517:
10516:
10514:
10512:
10497:
10491:
10490:
10488:
10486:
10472:
10466:
10465:
10463:
10461:
10446:
10440:
10439:
10437:
10435:
10421:
10415:
10414:
10412:
10410:
10395:
10389:
10388:
10386:
10384:
10370:
10364:
10363:
10361:
10359:
10344:
10338:
10337:
10335:
10333:
10319:
10313:
10312:
10310:
10308:
10293:
10287:
10286:
10284:
10282:
10268:
10262:
10261:
10259:
10257:
10242:
10236:
10235:
10233:
10231:
10217:
10211:
10210:
10208:
10206:
10191:
10185:
10184:
10182:
10180:
10166:
10160:
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7078:www.omegahat.net
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6972:"Announce: CRAN"
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6805:. p. xvii.
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6499:. Archived from
6497:The Julia Manual
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4543:Robert Gentleman
4341:Microsoft R Open
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3998:Frisbee Sailing
3919:Smooth Sidewalk
3702:Kite-Eating Tree
3637:Eggshell Igloos
3468:Shake and Throw
3453:Camp Pontanezen
3288:Angel Food Cake
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2745:colorRampPalette
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1076:gender diversity
1048:academic journal
1034:infrastructure.
1028:Linux Foundation
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803:install.packages
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774:common interface
697:machine learning
544:Robert Gentleman
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276:GPL-2.0-or-later
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191:August 1993
172:Robert Gentleman
163:Designed by
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10605:Southern Living
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7583:
7582:. 3 August 1977
7574:
7573:
7569:
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7548:
7542:
7531:
7522:
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7516:r-hub/rversions
7513:
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7508:
7498:
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7486:
7482:
7469:
7465:
7455:
7453:
7451:"Class Methods"
7449:
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7424:
7423:
7419:
7406:
7405:
7401:
7394:adv-r.had.co.nz
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7368:statmethods.net
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7209:
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7184:
7183:
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7154:
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7123:Wickham, Hadley
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6503:on 20 June 2018
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6214:
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6161:
5938:
5915:
5910:
5880:
5875:
5849:
5814:
5805:The Unscrambler
5710:
5607:GraphPad InStat
5574:
5536:
5522:SOFA Statistics
5397:
5364:
5359:
5329:
5324:
5309:
5244:
5228:
5090:
5085:
5055:
5050:
5017:
4983:Bradley M. Kuhn
4973:Alexandre Oliva
4961:
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4715:
4672:
4667:
4637:
4632:
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4582:
4558:Brian D. Ripley
4506:
4448:
4351:
4328:Implementations
4322:
4313:
4295:
4290:
4260:
4250:
4221:
4201:
4199:Further reading
4169:
4058:Trick or Treat
3934:Pumpkin Helmet
3667:Joy in Playing
3528:See Things Now
3179:
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2832:# define height
2831:
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2799:"red"
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2722:R Source code:
2720:
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2686:complex numbers
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2022:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2006:infix operators
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
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1759:"two"
1758:
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1753:"one"
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1292:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1259:
1254:
1247:execution of R.
1212:
1133:Radford M. Neal
1110:
1108:Implementations
1017:
850:
845:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
818:
815:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
785:
782:two-dimensional
709:social sciences
701:medical imaging
615:
609:
567:local variables
565:, allowing for
563:lexical scoping
517:
354:
313:
305:
233:
228:
226:
223:
197:
195:
192:
140:object-oriented
121:
95:
88:
77:
71:
68:
49:
40:This article's
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10827:
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10806:
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10390:
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10263:
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10060:
10049:
10038:
10013:
9988:
9981:
9963:
9938:
9912:
9887:
9861:
9836:
9823:Claims Journal
9810:
9784:
9759:
9733:
9708:
9683:
9658:
9646:"VERSION-NICK"
9637:
9608:
9583:
9557:
9532:
9506:
9481:
9455:
9430:
9404:
9379:
9354:
9325:
9300:
9275:
9249:
9224:
9213:
9188:
9162:
9137:
9111:
9086:
9060:
9035:
9009:
8984:
8958:
8933:
8904:
8879:
8853:
8828:
8802:
8777:
8751:
8726:
8700:
8675:
8649:
8624:
8598:
8573:
8547:
8521:
8495:
8470:
8444:
8419:
8393:
8368:
8342:
8316:
8290:
8262:
8237:
8208:
8183:
8157:
8131:
8105:
8079:
8053:
8027:
8002:
7976:
7951:
7925:
7900:
7874:
7848:
7822:
7797:
7771:
7746:
7720:
7695:
7669:
7644:
7618:
7593:
7567:
7529:
7506:
7480:
7463:
7442:
7417:
7399:
7380:
7354:
7332:
7308:
7297:. 30 June 2021
7286:
7269:
7254:
7228:
7202:
7177:
7170:
7143:
7115:
7090:
7065:
7040:
7015:
6990:
6962:
6935:(4): 394–398.
6912:
6905:
6887:
6863:(1): 462–476.
6843:
6818:
6811:
6789:
6771:. p. 18.
6756:
6725:
6692:
6667:
6634:
6613:. p. 12.
6598:
6539:
6514:
6493:"Introduction"
6484:
6448:
6422:
6397:
6369:
6347:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6289:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6266:
6265:External links
6263:
6260:
6259:
6251:standard error
6241:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6195:
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6185:
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5807:
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5632:
5627:
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5612:GraphPad Prism
5609:
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5599:
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5589:Cross-platform
5582:
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5486:(statsmodels,
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4993:Federico Heinz
4990:
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4907:
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4895:GNU Archimedes
4892:
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4573:Hadley Wickham
4570:
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4533:Peter Dalgaard
4530:
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4472:Java GUI for R
4469:
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4137:Great Pumpkin
4135:
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4120:
4117:
4113:
4112:
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4104:
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4088:Easter Beagle
4086:
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4028:Masked Marvel
4026:
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4019:
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4008:
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3999:
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3978:
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3953:Sock it to Me
3951:
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3790:
3786:
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3765:Another Canoe
3763:
3760:
3756:
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3753:
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3748:
3745:
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3740:
3738:
3736:
3735:Single Candle
3733:
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3707:
3706:
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3698:
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3652:Feather Spray
3650:
3647:
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3343:
3339:
3338:
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3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3318:Beagle Scouts
3316:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3286:
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3249:
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3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3178:
3175:
2820:# define width
2725:
2706:
2682:Mandelbrot set
2669:
2668:Mandelbrot set
2666:
2627:
2497:
2483:
2480:
2384:
2348:
2345:
2270:
2181:
2167:
2164:
2112:
2015:
1886:
1883:Usage output:
1801:
1787:
1784:
1316:
1291:
1288:
1267:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1211:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1184:TIBCO Software
1181:
1164:
1150:
1136:
1129:pretty quick R
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1092:R Conference (
1090:
1083:
1069:
1062:
1016:
1013:
876:, and Tinn-R.
849:
846:
828:
798:
611:Main article:
608:
605:
516:
513:
468:. Precompiled
417:bioinformatics
388:
387:
386:
385:
371:
370:
361:
360:
356:
355:
353:
352:
347:
342:
336:
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279:
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267:
266:
257:
251:
250:
245:
239:
238:
235:
234:
222:/ 14 June 2024
215:
213:
211:Stable release
207:
206:
203:
202:
189:
185:
184:
181:
175:
174:
165:
159:
158:
132:Multi-paradigm
129:
123:
122:
119:
111:
110:
93:
90:
89:
72:September 2024
44:external links
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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10807:
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7412:r-project.org
7409:
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7384:
7369:
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7343:
7336:
7318:
7312:
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7290:
7283:
7279:
7273:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7255:9781450311823
7251:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7232:
7216:
7212:
7206:
7191:
7187:
7186:"R for macOS"
7181:
7173:
7167:
7163:
7159:
7152:
7150:
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7140:
7136:
7132:
7128:
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6926:
6919:
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6908:
6906:9781593276515
6902:
6898:
6891:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6862:
6858:
6857:The R Journal
6854:
6847:
6832:
6828:
6822:
6814:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6793:
6774:
6767:
6764:Ihaka, Ross.
6760:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6729:
6710:
6707:. p. 4.
6703:
6700:Ihaka, Ross.
6696:
6681:
6677:
6671:
6655:
6651:
6650:
6645:
6638:
6631:
6616:
6609:
6606:Ihaka, Ross.
6602:
6594:
6590:
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6580:
6575:
6570:
6566:
6562:
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6518:
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6437:. 9 June 2017
6436:
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6407:
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6336:
6332:
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6311:
6309:
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6293:
6290:
6287:
6286:Big Book of R
6284:
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6088:Object Pascal
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5370:Public domain
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5035:Revolution OS
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
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5003:John Sullivan
5001:
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4704:Latin America
4702:
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4684:GNU Manifesto
4682:
4681:
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4675:
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4664:
4659:
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4627:The R Journal
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4587:Organisations
4585:
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4553:Thomas Lumley
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4528:John Chambers
4526:
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4336:Distributed R
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3968:Spring Dance
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3716:Short Summer
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3238:Release date
3237:
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3221:
3217:
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3198:
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3177:Version names
2723:
2704:
2697:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2638:Coefficients:
2625:
2495:
2488:
2419:"a"
2413:"c"
2407:"b"
2401:"a"
2382:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2268:
2179:
2173:
2172:pipe operator
2160:1 4 9 16 25
2110:
2013:
2007:
1884:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1591:"Z"
1585:"Y"
1579:"X"
1546:"B"
1540:"A"
1314:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1265:
1263:
1257:Hello, World!
1246:
1242:
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1214:
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1039:The R Journal
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921:
917:
913:
909:
908:Nvim-R plugin
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
889:Visual Studio
886:
885:StatET plugin
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
826:
824:
796:
794:
789:
783:
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772:, provides a
771:
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748:
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733:
729:
725:
721:
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705:meta-analysis
702:
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683:
679:
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671:
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659:
654:
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541:
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494:
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487:has a native
486:
482:
477:
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467:
463:
459:
455:
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446:free software
443:
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435:
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429:
424:
422:
421:data analysis
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
383:
382:R Programming
379:
375:
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372:
369:
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351:
348:
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343:
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337:
334:
331:Influenced by
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97:
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83:
75:
65:
61:
60:inappropriate
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10706:
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10681:stat.ethz.ch
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10604:
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3604:2019-04-26
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4910:Gnuzilla
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4720:Licenses
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10712:7 April
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10610:8 April
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7586:18 June
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