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or hard-spun woollen cloth, the product in this case being called ‘mungo’. Samuel Parr was the first producer of mungo in 1834. He used old coats and trousers, tailors clippings, ground up to produce shorter fibres than shoddy. In the shoddy preparation process, the rags were sorted, and any seams,
189:
The bone-picker and rag-gatherer may be known at once by the greasy bag which he carries on his back. Usually he has a stick in his hand, and this is armed with a spike or hook, for the purpose of more easily turning over the heaps of ashes or dirt that are thrown out of the houses, and discovering
435:
helped to maintain the rag-and-bone man's status in
British folklore, but by the 1980s they were all-but gone. However, in more recent years, rising scrap metal prices have prompted their return, although most drive vans rather than horses and carts, and they announce their presence by megaphone,
200:
These bone-grubbers, as they were sometimes known, would typically spend nine or ten hours per day searching the streets of London for anything of value, before returning to their lodgings to sort whatever they had found. In rural areas where no rag merchants were present, rag-and-bone men often
270:', cloth made from recycled wool, was first manufactured (and probably invented) by Benjamin Law in Batley, West Yorkshire, in 1813. The process involved grinding woollen rags into a fibrous mass and mixing this with some fresh wool. Law's nephews later came up with a similar process involving
213:, depending on condition (all rag had to be dry before it could be sold). Coloured rag was worth about two pence per pound. Bones, worth about the same, could be used as knife handles, toys and ornaments, and, when treated, for chemistry. The grease extracted from them was also useful for
262:
the materials themselves. They would simply collect whatever they could find and turn it over to a "master ragpicker" (usually a former ragpicker) who would, in turn, sell it—generally by weight—to wealthy investors with the means to convert the materials into something more profitable.
279:. The remaining wool rags were then sent to the shoddy mills for processing. For several decades shipments of rags even arrived from continental Europe. Shoddy and mungo manufacture was, by the 1860s, a huge industry in West Yorkshire, particularly in and around the
246:
Mayhew's report indicates that many who worked as rag-and-bone men did so after falling on hard times, and generally lived in squalor. Although they usually started work well before dawn, they were not immune to the public's ire; in 1872, several rag-and-bone men in
388:
and other furniture, Bibby made about £2. Shoddy and Mungo manufacture in West
Yorkshire continued into the 1950s and the rag man would set up his cart in local streets and weigh the wool or rags brought by the women whom they then paid.
1289:
1319:
139:, but the trade declined during the latter half of the 20th century. In the 21st century, rag-and-bone-style collection continues, partly as the result of the soaring price of scrap metal, particularly in the
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stated that, as a defence against the spread of disease, rag-and-bone men could not give children under 14 "any article whatsoever". Goldfish, popular items for trade, were later declared not to be
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1273:
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A 1965 newspaper report estimated that in London, only a "few hundred" rag-and-bone men remained, possibly because of competition from more specialised trades, such as corporation
314:, ragpickers were regulated by law and could operate only at night. They were required to return unusually valuable items either to the items' owners or to the authorities. When
483:, which can most likely be attributed to ragpicking, considering the lack of solid-waste management and under-developed waste collection and recycling culture in that country.
1190:
461:
266:
In the West Riding of
Yorkshire, rag and bone men would collect waste woollen and rag products from householders to sell on to the Shoddy factories. '
124:
to make clothes. Traditionally, this was a task performed on foot, with the scavenged materials (which included rags, bones and various metals to be
460:, where it offers the poorest in society around the rubbish and recycling areas a chance to earn a hand-to-mouth supply of money. In 2015, the
163:
In the UK, 19th-century rag-and-bone men scavenged unwanted rags, bones, metal and other waste from the towns and cities in which they lived.
1604:
657:, the character Vargouleme is a ragpicker. He considers himself fortunate because, unlike many on the streets of Paris, he has a profession.
56:
described one bone-grubber he encountered as wearing a "ragged coat ... greased over, probably with the fat of the bones he gathered."
1347:
1055:
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603:(1888) includes a poem where the ragpicker character has a prominent role, entitled "Le Vin de chiffonniers" ("The Rag-Picker's Wine").
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or parts of the rag not suitable, were left to rot and then sold onto to farmers to manure crops, or they were used for bedding or
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135:, surviving on the proceeds of what they collected each day. Conditions for rag-and-bone men in general improved following the
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were valued at about four to five pence per pound. In a typical day, a rag-and-bone man might expect to earn about sixpence.
1208:
540:
400:-metal trade. Local merchants blamed several factors, including demographic changes, for the decline of their industry.
128:) kept in a small bag slung over the shoulder. Some rag-and-bone men used a cart, sometimes pulled by a horse or pony.
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mentioned that some men could make as much as £25 (roughly equivalent to £865 now) per day collecting rags. Most used
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declared a national award to recognise the service rendered by ragpickers. The award, with a cash prize of Rs. 1.5
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had, between them, around 60 rag merchants, but this had dropped to about 12 by 1978, many having moved into the
219:
112:, collects unwanted household items and sells them to merchants. Scraps of cloth and paper could be turned into
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It had long been customary for rag-and-bone men to "purchase" items from children with a small gift, but the
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35:
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By the mid-1960s the rag-and-bone trade as a whole had fallen into decline; in the 1950s, Manchester and
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became known as Rag-picker's Court, as this was the profession of most of its residents. In 1879,
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468:, is for three best rag pickers and three associations involved in innovation of best practices.
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describes how "street-grubber" could be seen scraping away the dirt between the paving stones of
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that his father was a ragman in New York and "young people nowadays don't know what is ragman."
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in 1884, he was criticised by French newspapers for meddling with the ragpickers' livelihood.
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makers, but in London they sold rag to the local traders. White rag could fetch two to three
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whether they contain anything that is saleable at the rag-and-bottle or marine-store shop.
8:
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671:"Any Rags", a Ragtime-era song about a ragpicker recorded in 1913 by Arthur Collins.
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infrastructure. In India, the economic activity of ragpicking is worth about ₹3200
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384:. For his handcart's load, which comprised rags, furs, shoes, scrap car parts, a
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1177:
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1146:"A Day in the Life of the Rag-And-Bone Man: Plenty of Muck, but Little Money",
635:
613:(1890) includes a poem about ragpickers entitled "The Old Rag-picker of Paris".
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reporter accompanied rag-and-bone man John Bibby as he made his rounds through
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1312:"India recycles 90% of its PET waste, outperforms Japan, Europe and US: Study"
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521: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1255:, The Daily Telegraph, hosted at infoweb.newsbank.com, 27 October 2011
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could be melted down and reused, and even dead cats and dogs could be
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752:
712:
A segment from the 1967 CBS News
Special Report television broadcast
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335:
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728:(1962–74) portrayed an eponymous pair of fictional rag and bone men.
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41:
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Gibson, William (1884), "Wool and
Worsted IX: Shoddy and Mungo",
665:
404:
347:
276:
259:
224:
845:"RAG-AND-BONE MAN | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary"
151:
720:
664:" is an 1899 musical medley for piano, an early example of the
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307:
288:
280:
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240:
236:
182:
174:
1394:"State Of The Blues Harp - George "Mojo" Buford | Album"
686:, told from the point of view of two rag and bone collectors.
668:
genre, that makes reference to rag picking, as well as a pun.
648:
as part of a series of engravings focused on inner-city life.
628:
476:
471:
Ragpicking has a positive impact on urban spaces with a weak
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rather than a bag, and some used a pony and cart, giving out
334:
A rag-and-bone man with his horse and cart on the streets of
311:
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to search for rags, bones and paper, blocking people's path.
232:
125:
117:
766:, a group of people in Egypt who operate in a similar manner
465:
271:
214:
1439:
Old and New Paris: Its history, its people, and its places
1011:
Old and New Paris: Its history, its people, and its places
368:
in exchange for the items that they collected. In 1958, a
258:
The ragpickers in the 19th and early 20th century did not
1128:, Guardian Newspapers Limited, p. 3, 5 August 1954,
1007:
426:
131:
In the 19th century, rag-and-bone men typically lived in
185:
and "ill-furnished rooms in the lowest neighbourhoods."
1150:, Guardian Newspapers Limited, p. 5, 2 June 1958,
251:
caused complaint when they emptied the contents of two
1339:
1168:
Finnigan, Roger (17 July 1978), "The Rag End Trade",
1046:
436:
causing some members of the public to complain about
1535:
For a description of 19th-century French ragmen, or
716:
portrays the work of a local rag picker in
Chicago.
294:Although it was solely a job for the lowest of the
1499:Productivity and Performance in the Paper Industry
1252:Rag and Bone men told to scrap their loudspeakers
751:, a counterpart similar to a rag-and-bone man in
1596:
1540:
1417:
983:
1462:, vol. 1, Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co
217:. Metal was more valuable; an 1836 edition of
1367:
1232:, The Express, hosted at infoweb.newsbank.com
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953:
951:
949:
947:
623:(1896) is set amongst the chiffoniers of the
1588:The end of the road for the rag-and-bone man
1541:Chambers, William; Chambers, Robert (1860).
701:"Picking Rags" is a song by singer/musician
694:is a song and album by songwriter/guitarist
1172:, Guardian Newspapers Limited, p. 12,
1309:
944:
479:. India was also found to have a near-90%
877:"Rag-and-bone man definition and meaning"
581:Learn how and when to remove this message
155:Rag-and-bone man in Paris in 1899 (Photo
1466:
1211:. Youtube. 5 August 2006. Archived from
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1111:
341:
329:
150:
40:
27:Traditional name for some income-seekers
1435:
1274:"Now, a National Award for rag pickers"
1225:
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1001:
429:'s popular 1960s-70s television comedy
14:
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1515:
1455:
1209:"JOHNNY CARSON INTERVIEW KIRK DOUGLAS"
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298:, ragpicking was considered an honest
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634:A section of tenement buildings near
411:to build on rag merchants' premises.
1605:Cleaning and maintenance occupations
1545:. 33–34. W & R Chambers: 53–55.
1470:Order and Rebellion in Tribal Africa
1014:. Cassell and Co. pp. 360–365.
519:adding citations to reliable sources
490:
1148:The Manchester Guardian (1901–1959)
1126:The Manchester Guardian (1901–1959)
24:
1528:
1436:Edwards, Henry Sutherland (1893),
1372:. Dover Publications. p. 62.
1370:New York in the nineteenth century
1008:Edwards, Henry Sutherland (1893).
827:"RAGPICKER definition and meaning"
642:drew the rag-strewn courtyard for
486:
448:Ragpicking is still widespread in
25:
1631:
1580:
1519:London Labour and the London Poor
1459:Great Industries of Great Britain
895:"Regulating the Rag and Bone Man"
739:Glossary of textile manufacturing
170:London Labour and the London Poor
1310:Chatterjee, Badri (2017-02-19).
859:"Definition of RAG-AND-BONE MAN"
495:
1489:French Life in Town and Country
1386:
1361:
1350:from the original on 2021-10-06
1333:
1322:from the original on 2021-07-04
1303:
1292:from the original on 2021-04-29
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1058:from the original on 2021-10-06
1048:"The Workers in Waste Products"
1039:
1028:from the original on 2021-10-06
989:
977:
965:
912:Kuper, Jeremy (5 August 2006).
782:
506:needs additional citations for
443:
418:mentioned in an interview with
325:
146:
1502:, Cambridge University Press,
1340:Francis Saltus Saltus (1890).
1226:Edwards, Adam (30 July 2011),
1124:"The Rag-And-Bone Collector",
932:
920:
916:. Guardian Newspapers Limited.
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851:
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13:
1:
1431:, vol. IV, Orr and Smith
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462:Environment Minister of India
414:In the 1980s, Hollywood star
36:Rag and Bone (disambiguation)
1428:Chambers's Edinburgh Journal
984:Chambers & Chambers 1836
678:" is a song by the American
481:recycle rate for PET bottles
220:Chambers's Edinburgh Journal
84:(US English), also called a
7:
1197:. 9 March 1965. p. 23.
1191:"Squeezing Out the Rag Men"
732:
10:
1636:
1496:Magee, Gary Bryan (2002),
899:Law Librarians of Congress
881:Collins English Dictionary
338:, southwest London in 1985
29:
636:Chatham Square, Manhattan
1170:The Guardian (1959–2003)
929:, p. 136, 139
707:State of the Blues Harp
357:The Manchester Guardian
302:, more on the level of
1591:, at independent.co.uk
1566:Cite journal requires
1516:Mayhew, Henry (1851),
1487:Lynch, Hannah (1901),
1467:Gluckman, Max (2004),
1368:Grafton, John (1977).
790:Public Health Act 1936
621:The Burial of the Rats
351:
346:A rag-and-bone man in
339:
198:
160:
57:
34:. For other uses, see
831:Collinsdictionary.com
691:The Ragpicker's Dream
607:Francis Saltus Saltus
345:
333:
227:roads, searching for
187:
154:
44:
1610:Informal occupations
1543:"Chambers's Journal"
705:from his 1998 album
703:George "Mojo" Buford
640:William Allen Rogers
515:improve this article
450:developing countries
407:, and pressure from
201:dealt directly with
30:For the singer, see
1442:, Cassell and Co.,
1280:. PTI. 2015-07-03.
863:Merriam-webster.com
409:property developers
370:Manchester Guardian
1343:Shadows and Ideals
1114:, pp. 202–203
1102:, pp. 278–279
1090:, pp. 360–365
974:, pp. 107–108
914:"Final collection"
651:In the 1862 novel
611:Shadows and Ideals
595:Charles Baudelaire
530:"Rag-and-bone man"
352:
350:, London, May 2011
340:
173:estimates that in
161:
58:
1509:978-0-521-89217-9
1480:978-0-415-32983-5
1419:Chambers, William
1379:978-0-486-23516-5
1346:. C. W. Moulton.
698:released in 2002.
684:The White Stripes
600:Les Fleurs du Mal
591:
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354:A 1954 report in
16:(Redirected from
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1620:Scrap collectors
1615:Waste collection
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473:waste management
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141:developing world
137:Second World War
68:(UK English) or
62:rag-and-bone man
46:The Bone-Grubber
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487:Cultural impact
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432:Steptoe and Son
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296:working classes
225:non-macadamised
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167:'s 1851 report
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1537:chiffonniers
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1411:Bibliography
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1352:. Retrieved
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1324:. Retrieved
1315:
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1294:. Retrieved
1277:
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1228:
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1213:the original
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1088:Edwards 1893
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627:district of
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513:Please help
508:verification
505:
470:
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444:21st century
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416:Kirk Douglas
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326:20th century
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157:Eugène Atget
147:19th century
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98:rag-gatherer
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86:bone-grubber
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1076:Gibson 1884
960:Mayhew 1851
939:Mayhew 1851
927:Mayhew 1851
814:Mayhew 1851
749:Karung guni
719:The BBC TV
680:garage rock
617:Bram Stoker
320:rubbish bin
253:dust trucks
249:Westminster
94:chiffonnier
90:bone-picker
82:junk dealer
1599:Categories
1354:2016-10-29
1326:2021-10-06
1318:. Mumbai.
1296:2021-10-06
1259:5 December
1236:5 December
1100:Lynch 1901
1062:2016-10-29
1032:2016-10-29
996:Magee 2002
972:Magee 2002
771:References
571:April 2024
541:newspapers
382:Manchester
306:than of a
300:occupation
215:soapmaking
102:rag-picker
1551:846681048
1286:0971-751X
1278:The Hindu
1195:The Times
1178:185958597
1156:480247834
1134:479599435
793:articles.
776:Footnotes
764:Zabbaleen
753:Singapore
625:Montrouge
378:Stretford
362:handcarts
336:Streatham
229:horseshoe
203:rag paper
114:cardboard
106:bag board
66:ragpicker
18:Ragpicker
1491:, Putnam
1425:(1836),
1399:AllMusic
1348:Archived
1320:Archived
1290:Archived
1174:ProQuest
1152:ProQuest
1130:ProQuest
1056:Archived
1026:Archived
744:Junk man
733:See also
631:in 1850.
374:Chorlton
285:Dewsbury
277:stuffing
193:—
126:scrapped
666:ragtime
555:scholar
405:dustmen
394:Salford
380:, near
348:Croydon
291:areas.
260:recycle
231:nails.
183:garrets
122:skinned
78:junkman
1549:
1539:, see
1522:, S.N.
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536:
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454:Mumbai
386:settee
308:beggar
289:Ossett
281:Batley
268:Shoddy
241:pewter
237:copper
175:London
110:totter
108:, or
70:ragman
801:Notes
682:band
629:Paris
562:JSTOR
548:books
477:crore
458:India
398:scrap
312:Paris
310:. In
233:Brass
211:pound
207:pence
118:glass
80:, or
1572:help
1547:OCLC
1504:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1282:ISSN
1261:2011
1238:2011
1016:ISBN
534:news
466:lakh
425:The
376:and
287:and
272:felt
239:and
209:per
597:'s
517:by
427:BBC
64:or
48:by
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1563::
1561:}}
1557:{{
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559:·
552:·
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159:)
38:.
20:)
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