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490:. By this point Rajasingha did not trust the Dutch at all and insisted that the city should be ceded to the Kandyan the moment it fell. When this happened in 1656, however, the Dutch shut the gates and left the Kandyans in the hinterlands. Faced with what he saw as yet another example of Dutch perfidy, Rajasingha repeated his devastations of the mid-1640s in the hinterlands of Colombo and withdrew to Kandy. The Dutch in the meanwhile secured power over the kingdom of Jaffna in 1658 and essentially replaced the Portuguese as Kandy's natural enemy on the island.
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383:) in Sri Lanka's mountainous interior. Since the Portuguese annexation of much of Sri Lanka's coastal areas the kingdom had represented the sole independent native polity on the island. Near incessant warfare had significantly embittered the Kandyans towards the Portuguese; furthermore the brief success of the warlike kingdom of Sitawaka a century earlier had convinced many in the kingdom that the total expulsion of the colonial power was a distinct possibility.
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511:. In 1664, he faced open rebellion from a noble known as Ambanwela Rala, and, unable in his fury to think of a suitable punishment, sent him to the Dutch, assuming they would execute him as a Kandyan noble. It was a mistake — Ambanwela Rala traded his knowledge of the workings of Kandy for a large coconut estate in Dutch territory and died a rich man.
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The situation inside the
Kandyan kingdom became increasingly unstable and during Rajasingha's reign many of the powerful families that came to dominate Kandyan politics in the 18th century acquired greater power. Attempts on Rajasingha's life appear to have been rather commonplace. Rajasingha's reign
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however soon resulted in a truce being called between Dutch and
Portuguese forces in Sri Lanka (the crowns of Spain and Portugal were united between 1580–1640) sometime between 1641 and 1645. Rajasinga, and many of his advisers, furiously concluded that the Dutch intended to carve Sri Lanka up with
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The single most important trend of
Rajasingha's long reign was the replacement of the Portuguese by the Dutch. The strategy of bringing in one European power to help fend off another had backfired spectacularly, and the Kandyan kingdom found itself in much the same position as it had been with the
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In Kandy, Rajasingha faced discontented nobles and a populace who had always been opposed to the alliance with the Dutch. The internal situation became so unstable that for a while
Rajasingha was forced to abandon the palace and allow rebels to seize control of Sengkadagala, and even suspended the
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had secured Dutch independence in Europe in 1648 and they could now pursue colonial and mercantile expansion without fighting a ruinous war on their doorstep simultaneously. In contrast the kingdom of Kandy was exhausted by constant war, and still without access to
Batticaloa, Trincomalee, and the
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policy in eastern Sri Lanka. Capturing and annexing Dutch held territory was out of the question for the
Kandyans who could muster neither the firepower nor the manpower for an occupation. Nevertheless, Rajasingha's policy of intentionally burning crops and depopulation villages drove the Dutch to
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Nevertheless, from 1652 joint
Kandyan-Dutch forces waged an increasingly brutal war against Portuguese strongholds along the coast. During this time Rajasingha had to request support from the sub-king — Patabanda — of Koggala, which suggests that the Kandyan kingdom had by this time become very
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and then to the
Portuguese), and Rajasingha was eager to acquire it as soon as possible. The Dutch, however, demurred, demanding full payment for their assistance in displacing the Portuguese. Despite a rising suspicion that the Dutch were not in Sri Lanka to expel the Portuguese, so much as to
371:(Literal meaning: Like one exchanged ginger for chili) was originated - in reference that the Dutch Rule was much more of a menace to the king and cruel to the people in the island than the Portuguese. From 1645 onwards Rajasingha was engaged in sporadic warfare with his erstwhile allies.
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Rajasingha's father had long courted the Dutch as a potential ally against the
Portuguese. A treaty had been signed between Kandy and Dutch envoy Marcelis Boschouwer but had not amounted to much. Soon after Rajasingha's accession however the Dutch, now firmly established in
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and lived there until 1679; his writings provide one of the best sources on the
Kandyan kingdom in the 17th century. Rajasingha may also have considered involving the French in Sri Lankan politics in an attempt to get yet another European power to displace the Dutch.
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Safe in his mountain fastness Rajasingha now adopted the same tactics he had deployed against the Portuguese to harass the Dutch. In 1660 his army is known to have been in the vicinity of Dutch-held Trincomalee, and seized the Englishman
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Portuguese. Despite the Dutch being less determined to convert the mass populace and impose their cultural dominance, Europeans increasingly came to be seen as rapacious adventurers who were simply incapable of honouring their deals.
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from the island, which they successfully did in 1656. By this time however it had become clear to the Kandyans that the Dutch not only intended to expel the Portuguese but to replace them as the major
482:
The landlocked Kandyans were successful in the inland area of the Korales and Sabaragamuwa but relied heavily on Dutch sea power. Accordingly, in August 1655 a large Dutch fleet commanded by
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the Portuguese, to the detriment of native power. The alliance of 1638 came to an abrupt end and Kandy launched into what was to be a hundred years of intermittent warfare with the Dutch.
422:
on 18 May 1639 and a joint Kandyan–Dutch campaign began to make inroads into Portugal's lowland territories. The alliance was however deeply unpopular with the inhabitants of Kandy.
418:. Soon after this, Rajasingha sent a request for aid to the admiral Adam Westerwolt and by 23 May 1638 had signed an extensive military and trade treaty with them. The Dutch seized
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Despite this the king managed to retain control of the crown and expanded the sacred precinct of Kandy, the Dalada Maligawa, adding an extra storey to the central building.
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replace them, the alliance was one that was too valuable for Rajasingha to simply cancel, and joint Dutch–Kandyan efforts resulted in the seizure of
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Rajasingha was the son of Senarat (Senarath), the second ruler of the kingdom of Kandy, based at the city of Senkadagala (modern
339:(pre coronation, Prince Dewa Astana/Dewarajasinghe), was a Sinhalese King, reigned 1629 – 6 December 1687; seventh king of the
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As a young man Rajasingha participated in the 1612 counteroffensive that routed a Portuguese invasion into Kandyan territory.
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the negotiating table and in 1649 and the Kandyan-Dutch alliance was resurrected, albeit on slightly different terms.
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Padma Edirisinghe (2006). "The Historical Background that Influenced the Personality of Rajasinghe 11 (1635-1687)".
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Padma Edirisinghe (2006). "The Historical Background that Influenced the Personality of Rajasinghe 11 (1635-1687)".
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arrived and the war entered its final phase with the siege by land and sea of the Portuguese colonial capital
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also saw a gradual diminution of the Kandyans' dreams of reuniting Sri Lanka under a single, native, crown.
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Tensions soon arose between the two parties. Batticaloa was the traditional port of the Kandyan kingdom (
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under a blockade. On 28 March 1638, Rajasingha led his army to victory against the Portuguese forces at
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lowlands. Furthermore, it had limited resources, and was increasingly wracked by internal instability.
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Despite the resurrection of the treaty tensions remained between the Dutch and the Kandyans. The
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on 13 March 1640 and the restriction of Portuguese power to the west coast of Sri Lanka by 1641.
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power on the island. This transfer of power is also believed to be where the Sinhala
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The fort of Galle in southern Sri Lanka, first a Portuguese, then a Dutch stronghold
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Reconstructed emblem(device) of Rajasinghe II featuring a Red Lion on a gold ground.
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decentralised, and that local leaders held considerable power.
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later; Royal Cremation Yard, Asgiri Temple, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
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The period between 1645 and 1649 saw the Kandyan adopting a
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Monarchs from 1473 to 1592 were only regional rulers
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347:. Rajasingha requested aid from the newly formed
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667:. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, p. 32.
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833:"Sacred Tooth Relic in Senkadagala ( Kandy )"
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714:. Archived from the original on 2001-08-14.
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150:A Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon
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663:Pieris, P. E. (Paul Edward) (1999).
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683:"The Kings of Kandy (Senkadagala)"
530:at the court of Rajasingha II (by
148:Rajasingha II, from Robert Knox's
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429:had long been lost, first to the
393:Early reign: arrival of the Dutch
740:"The Dalada Procession of Kandy"
653:. WWW Virtual Library-Sri Lanka.
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897:25 November or 6 December 1687
856:Kings & Rulers of Sri Lanka
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498:. Knox subsequently moved to
369:Inguru di miris gaththa wagay
367:“ඉඟුරු දී මිරිස් ගත්තා වාගේ”
922:1635–25 November 1687
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868:Lanka Library - Rajasinghe2
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882:Konnapu Bandara Dynasty
526:The arrival of general
307:Dona Catherina of Kandy
975:House of Siri Sanga Bo
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1073:Sri Vijaya Rajasinha
1046:Vimaladharmasurya II
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815:"LANKALIBRARY FORUM"
563:History of Sri Lanka
441:The slow end of the
375:Birth and early life
353:expel the Portuguese
286:Vimaladharmasurya II
197:Vimaladharmasurya II
130:Thrisinhaladisuwara
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38:Please help
33:verification
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1135:1608 births
1125:1687 deaths
1093:(1798–1815)
1087:(1782–1798)
1081:(1747–1782)
1075:(1739–1747)
1066:(1739–1815)
1054:(1707–1739)
1048:(1687–1707)
1042:(1635–1687)
1036:(1604–1635)
1030:(1590–1604)
1021:(1590–1739)
1011:(1581–1591)
1009:Rajasinha I
1005:(1581–1581)
999:(1551–1581)
993:(1511–1551)
987:(1473–1511)
978:(1473–1592)
500:Senkadagala
496:Robert Knox
427:Trincomalee
217:1628 – 1635
183:Predecessor
132:Lankeshwara
1114:Categories
843:2008-03-24
800:2006-06-22
750:2006-06-22
712:atimes.com
693:2006-06-22
631:(1): 163.
604:(1): 160.
420:Batticaloa
174:Coronation
66:newspapers
558:Mahavamsa
416:Gannoruwa
345:Sri Lanka
243:Sri Lanka
193:Successor
720:cite web
637:23731304
610:23731304
547:See also
509:Perahara
357:colonial
351:to help
313:Religion
134:Bhupathi
1034:Senarat
911:Senarat
569:Sources
507:annual
488:Colombo
408:Batavia
297:Senarat
226:Senarat
222:Monarch
187:Senarat
80:scholar
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259:Burial
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204:Regent
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381:Kandy
361:idiom
281:Issue
208:Kandy
165:Reign
87:JSTOR
73:books
890:1608
726:link
249:Died
239:1608
236:Born
178:1635
59:news
412:Goa
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