Road transport - Knowledge

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side. Size of stones was central to the McAdam's road building theory. The lower 200-millimetre (8 in) road thickness was restricted to stones no larger than 75 millimetres (3.0 in). The upper 50-millimetre (2 in) layer of stones was limited to 20 millimetres (1 in) size and stones were checked by supervisors who carried scales. A workman could check the stone size himself by seeing if the stone would fit into his mouth. The importance of the 20 mm stone size was that the stones needed to be much smaller than the 100 mm width of the iron

1237: 1862: 985: 1943: 127: 1483: 1196: 136: 4398: 2063: 440: 1217: 1614: 1252: 147: 958:, placing a typical macadam layer, and finally sealing the macadam with a mixture of tar and sand. Tar-grouted macadam was in use well before 1900 and involved scarifying the surface of an existing macadam pavement, spreading tar, and re-compacting. Although the use of tar in road construction was known in the 19th century, it was little used and was not introduced on a large scale until the motorcar arrived on the scene in the early 20th century. 25: 700: 732:. The basic principle was that the trustees would manage resources from the several parishes through which the highway passed, augment this with tolls from users from outside the parishes and apply the whole to the maintenance of the main highway. This became the pattern for the turnpiking of a growing number of highways, sought by those who wished to improve flow of commerce through their part of a county. 1580:, or in some cases colored electric lights, all modeled on railroad signals. In the 20th century signals were automated, at first with electromechanical devices and later with computers. Signals can be quite sophisticated: with vehicle sensors embedded in the pavement, the signal can control and choreograph the turning movements of heavy traffic in the most complex of intersections. In the 1920s 1553: 796: 899:). His road building method was simpler than Telford's, yet more effective at protecting roadways: he discovered that massive foundations of rock upon rock were unnecessary, and asserted that native soil alone would support the road and traffic upon it, as long as it was covered by a road crust that would protect the soil underneath from water and wear. 872:

to take place, a major improvement on the work of Trésaguet. The surface of his roads consisted of broken stone. He also improved on methods for the building of roads by improving the selection of stone based on thickness, taking into account traffic, alignment and slopes. During his later years, Telford was responsible for rebuilding sections of the

1514:, one which slowly will "flow" under the pounding of traffic. Concrete is a rigid pavement, which can take heavier loads but is more expensive and requires more carefully prepared subbase. So, generally, major roads are concrete and local roads are asphalt. Concrete roads are often covered with a thin layer of asphalt to create a wearing surface. 864:) is to transfer the weight of the road and its traffic to the ground, while protecting the ground from deformation by spreading the weight evenly. Therefore, the sub-base did not have to be a self-supporting structure. The upper running surface provided a smooth surface for vehicles while protecting the large stones of the sub-base. 1888:

was passed, funding non-toll roads with 90% federal dollars and 10% state match, giving little incentive for states to expand their turnpike system. Funding rules initially restricted collections of tolls on newly funded roadways, bridges, and tunnels. In some situations, expansion or rebuilding of a

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and access to highways but to not parkways and freeways; the latter two are distinguished in that the purpose of a parkway is recreation, while the purpose of a freeway is movement. Thus as originally conceived, a freeway is a strip of public land devoted to movement to which abutting property owners

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between cities and to help rural populations gain the social and economic benefits enjoyed by cities where citizens benefited from railroads, trolleys and paved streets. Even more than traditional vehicles, the newly invented bicycles could benefit from good country roads. Later on, they did not hold

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that gave the local justices powers to erect toll-gates on the roads, in exchange for professional upkeep. The toll-gate erected at Wade's Mill became the first effective toll-gate in England. The first scheme that had trustees who were not justices was established through a turnpike act in 1707, for

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The nature of road transportation of goods depends on, apart from the degree of development of the local infrastructure, the distance the goods are transported by road, the weight and volume of an individual shipment, and the type of goods transported. For short distances and light small shipments, a

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In the 20th century traffic control devices were standardized. Before then every locality decided on what its devices would look like and where they would be applied. This could be confusing, especially to traffic from outside the locality. In the United States standardization was first taken at the

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Shoulders are also an integral part of highway design. They are multipurpose; they can provide a margin of side clearance, a refuge for incapacitated vehicles, an emergency lane, and parking space. They also serve a design purpose, and that is to prevent water from percolating into the soil near the

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Since the completion of the initial portion of the Interstate Highway System, regulations were changed, and portions of toll facilities have been added to the system. Some states are again looking at toll financing for new roads and maintenance, to supplement limited federal funding. In some areas,

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With the development, mass production, and popular embrace of the automobile, faster and higher capacity roads were needed. In the 1920s limited access highways appeared. Their main characteristics were dual roadways with access points limited to (but not always) grade-separated interchanges. Their

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also made substantial advances in the engineering of new roads and the construction of bridges. His method of road building involved the digging of a large trench in which a foundation of heavy rock was set. He also designed his roads so that they sloped downwards from the centre, allowing drainage

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Modern pavements are designed for heavier vehicle loads and faster speeds, requiring thicker slabs and deeper subbase. Subbase is the layer or successive layers of stone, gravel and sand supporting the pavement. It is needed to spread out the slab load bearing on the underlying soil and to conduct

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Also unlike Telford and other road builders, McAdam laid his roads as level as possible. His 30-foot-wide (9 m) road required only a rise of three inches from the edges to the center. Cambering and elevation of the road above the water table enabled rainwater to run off into ditches on either

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in France at the same time. He wrote a memorandum on his method in 1775, which became general practice in France. It involved a layer of large rocks, covered by a layer of smaller gravel. The lower layer improved on Roman practice in that it was based on the understanding that the purpose of this

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Toll roads peaked in the mid 19th century, and by the turn of the twentieth century most toll roads were taken over by state highway departments. The demise of this early toll road era was due to the rise of canals and railroads, which were more efficient (and thus cheaper) in moving freight over

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were usually built by private companies under a government franchise. They typically paralleled or replaced routes already with some volume of commerce, hoping the improved road would divert enough traffic to make the enterprise profitable. Plank roads were particularly attractive as they greatly

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Companies were formed to build, improve, and maintain a particular section of roadway, and tolls were collected from users to finance the enterprise. The enterprise was usually named to indicate the locale of its roadway, often including the name of one of both of the termini. The word

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operate either independently – working directly for the client – or through freight carriers or shipping agents. Some big companies (e.g. grocery store chains) operate their own internal trucking operations. The market size for general freight trucking was nearly $ 125 billion in 2010.

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in current terminology). When the toll was paid the pike, which was mounted on a swivel, was turned to allow the vehicle to pass. Tolls were usually based on the type of cargo being transported, not the type of vehicle. The practice of selecting routes so as to avoid tolls is called

1568:. Most notable to the motorist are those meant to communicate directly with the driver. Broadly, these fall into three categories: signs, signals or pavement markings. They help the driver navigate; they assign the right-of-way at intersections; they indicate laws such as 1092:, contained only one lane in each direction and no interchanges. The Bronx River Parkway was the first road in North America to utilize a median strip to separate the opposing lanes, to be constructed through a park and where intersecting streets crossed over bridges. The 965:, who noticed that spilled tar on the roadway kept the dust down and created a smooth surface. He took out a patent in 1901 for tarmac. Hooley's 1901 patent involved mechanically mixing tar and aggregate prior to lay-down and then compacting the mixture with a 1599:

Besides signals, signs, and markings, other forms of traffic control are designed and built into the roadway. For instance, curbs and rumble strips can be used to keep traffic in a given lane and median barriers can prevent left turns and even U-turns.

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Two hundred years ago these devices were signs, nearly all informal. In the late 19th century signals began to appear in the biggest cities at a few highly congested intersections. They were manually operated, and consisted of semaphores, flags or

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Pavement technology is still evolving, albeit in not easily noticed increments. For instance, chemical additives in the pavement mix make the pavement more weather resistant, grooving and other surface treatments improve resistance to skidding and

492:. Transport on roads can be roughly grouped into the transportation of goods and transportation of people. In many countries licensing requirements and safety regulations ensure a separation of the two industries. Movement along roads may be by 1587:

In the 1920s pavement markings were introduced. Initially they were used to indicate the road's centerline. Soon after they were coded with information to aid motorists in passing safely. Later, with multi-lane roads they were used to define

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The quality of early turnpike roads was varied. Although turnpiking did result in some improvement to each highway, the technologies used to deal with geological features, drainage, and the effects of weather were all in their infancy.

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record the times the vehicle is in motion and stopped. Some companies use two drivers per truck to ensure uninterrupted transportation; with one driver resting or sleeping in a bunk in the back of the cab while the other is driving.

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conform to maximum allowed standards. This may involve using on-board weight gauges (load pressure gauges), knowing the empty weight of the transport vehicle and the weight of the load, or using a commercial weight scale. In route

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check that gross vehicle weights do not exceed the maximum weight for that particular jurisdiction and will include individual axle weights. This varies by country, states within a country, and may include federal standards. The

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away any water getting under the slabs. Water will undermine a pavement over time, so much of pavement and pavement joint design are meant to minimize the amount of water getting and staying under the slabs.

1456:, OIML R 134-2 (2009). The process may involve a scale house and low-speed scales or higher-speed WIM road or bridge scales with the goal of public safety, as well as road and bridge safety, according to the 696:, new roads and bridges began to be built, often based on Roman designs. Although there were attempts to rediscover Roman methods, there was little useful innovation in road building before the 18th century. 1686:

reduced rolling resistance and mitigated the problem of getting mired in mud. Another improvement, better grading to lessen the steepness of the worst stretches, allowed draft animals to haul heavier loads.

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long distances. Roads wouldn't again be competitive with rails and barges until the first half of the 20th century when the internal combustion engine replaces draft animals as the source of motive power.

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main pavement's edge. Shoulder pavement is designed to a lower standard than the pavement in the traveled way and won't hold up as well to traffic, so driving on the shoulder is generally prohibited.

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were established with the function of collecting yearly taxes based on the goods carried by the people of Dahomey and their occupation. The Royal Road was built in the late 18th century by King

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built in the 1930s introduced higher design standards and speeds, road planners and road-builders in the United States started developing and building toll roads to similar high standards. The

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used deep roadbeds of crushed stone as an underlying layer to ensure that they kept dry, as the water would flow out from the crushed stone, instead of becoming mud in clay soils. The Islamic

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state level, and late in the century at the federal level. Each country has a Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and there are efforts to blend them into a worldwide standard.

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in the 1760s. British turnpike builders began to realize the importance of selecting clean stones for surfacing while excluding vegetable material and clay, resulting in more durable roads.

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Construction of the first macadamized road in the United States (1823). In the foreground, workers are breaking stones "so as not to exceed 6 ounces in weight or to pass a two-inch ring".

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To avoid accidents caused by fatigue, truckers have to adhere to strict rules for drive time and required rest periods. In the United States and Canada, these regulations are known as

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or other non-motorized mode. Delivery services are sometimes considered a separate category from cargo transport. In many places, fast food is transported on roads by various types of

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and parking regulations; they advise of potential hazards; they indicate passing and no passing zones; and otherwise deliver information and to assure traffic is orderly and safe.

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learned how to coordinate signals along a thoroughfare to increase its speeds and volumes. In the 1980s, with computers, similar coordination of whole networks became possible.

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occurred in the United States between the late 1870s and the 1920s. Advocates for improved roads led by bicyclists turned local agitation into a national political movement.

1925: 664:, there was a need for armies to be able to travel quickly from one region to another, and the roads that existed were often muddy, which greatly delayed the movement of 2745: 2576: 1827:. Several other major toll-roads which connected with the Pennsylvania Turnpike were established before the creation of the Interstate Highway System. These were the 2885: 1986:

strip that kept the wheel from wearing out quickly. Pneumatic tyres, which had a larger footprint than iron tyres, also were less likely to get bogged down in the

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that connected the Ashanti capital with territories within its jurisdiction and influence. After significant road construction undertaken by the kingdom of

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may be used. For large shipments even if less than a full truckload a truck is more appropriate. (Also see Trucking and Hauling below). In some countries

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that traveled on the road. Macadam roads were being built widely in the United States and Australia in the 1820s and in Europe in the 1830s and 1840s.

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and maintenance was supported by national and local governments. In its early years, the main goal of the movement was education for road building in

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to drain quickly into ditches at the side. He understood the importance of good drainage, knowing it was rain that caused most problems on the roads.

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Macadam roads were adequate for use by horses and carriages or coaches, but they were very dusty and subject to erosion with heavy rain. The

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By the late 18th and early 19th centuries, new methods of highway construction had been pioneered by the work of three British engineers,

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Italy was the first country in the world to build controlled-access highways reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only. The

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In the United States, beginning in 1956, Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the

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interrupted the evolution of the highway, the US resumed building toll roads. They were to still higher standards and one road, the

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From: 'Northern Millwall: Tooke Town', Survey of London: volumes 43 and 44: Poplar, Blackwall and Isle of Dogs (1994), pp. 423-433

2005: 2000: 1026:, opened in 1908 as a private venture, was the world's first limited-access roadway. It included many modern features, including 599:

may also be locally available. There are also specialist modes of road transport for particular situations, such as ambulances.

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Outside cities, roads were dirt or gravel; mud in the winter and dust in the summer. Early organizers cited Europe where

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toll facility using Interstate Highway Program funding resulted in the removal of existing tolls. This occurred in

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Modern controlled-access highways originated in the early 1920s in response to the rapidly increasing use of the

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came into common use in the names of these roadways and companies, and is essentially used interchangeably with

1392:(in American English) or tanker lorries (in British English) (also road-tankers) or special tank containers for 75: 3060: 2987: 2390: 2265: 2077: 1377: 46: 3853: 3221: 1308:), while others transport goods from many different loading stations/shippers to various consignees per run ( 830: 807: 780: 2350: 4277: 4239: 3171: 3084: 1701:

probably originated from the gate, often a simple pike, which blocked passage until the fare was paid at a

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By 1956, most limited access highways in the eastern United States were toll roads. In that year, the

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transportation the trucker will present the cargo and documentation provided by the shipper to

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boasted the longest illuminated stretch of roadway built. A decade later, the first section of

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The newest policy passed by Congress and the Obama administration regarding highways is the

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was opened, based on earlier designs. It has since become North America's busiest highway.

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Some loads are weighed at the point of origin and the driver is responsible for ensuring

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People are transported on roads. Special modes of individual transport by road such as

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US Department of Transportation - Federal Highway Administration (Accessed 2008-10-10)

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The World Beyond the Windshield: Roads and Landscapes in the United States and Europe

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Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles That Used Them

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in 1799 and eventually extended, by several alternate routes, to near what is now

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The Polish transport company Bedmet uses a special vehicle to transport two large

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Bassett, Edward M. (February 1930). "The Freeway: A New Kind of Thoroughfare".

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improved slowly, initially through the efforts of individual surveyors such as

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Patton, Phil (9 October 2008). "A 100-Year-Old Dream: A Road Just for Cars".

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The Early State in African Perspective: Culture, Power, and Division of Labor

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issued by the shipper provides the basic document for road freight. On cross-

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Arizona - North America - Southwest - Interstate Highway System (4893585908)

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with tar date back to at least 1834 when John Henry Cassell, operating from

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Truck drivers often need special licenses to drive, known in the U.S. as a

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terminology) or haulage companies / hauliers (in British English) accept

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along with relatively gentle grades and curves allowed higher speeds.

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ever built in the world, in 1925, the year following its inauguration.

954:, patented "Pitch Macadam". This method involved spreading tar on the 146: 4016: 3966: 3913: 3828: 3782: 3752: 3742: 3682: 3636: 3593: 3583: 3502: 3472: 3457: 3400: 3256: 3114: 2208: 2185: 1682: 1668: 1301: 1300:. Some road transportation is done on regular routes or for only one 1067: 784: 752: 673: 188: 16:

Collective term for all forms of transport which takes place on roads

3437: 2309: 24: 3848: 3838: 3823: 3813: 3792: 3772: 3737: 3715: 3677: 3668: 3631: 3545: 3318: 3288: 3045: 1951: 1890: 1503: 1491: 955: 951: 904: 525: 299: 254: 204: 2990:. US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. 1718:), or simply to seek a road less traveled as a bucolic interlude. 4163: 4040: 3878: 3808: 3710: 3550: 3522: 3452: 3442: 3338: 2285:(Volume I ed.). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. 1778: 1715: 1565: 1557: 1473: 1328: 1222: 1175: 1163: 1132: 1117: 943: 896: 756: 748: 681: 585: 493: 309: 214: 167: 1357:

Hours of Work and Rest Periods (Road Transport) Convention, 1979

1335:). This also applies to shipments that are transported out of a 1263:"Trucking" redirects here. For the 1970 Grateful Dead song, see 795: 711:. The highway was deeply rutted and spread onto adjoining land. 699: 3863: 3858: 3777: 3482: 3308: 3161: 2622:, "Apparatus for the preparation of tar macadam", July 26, 1904 1384:

licence is required. For transport of hazardous materials (see

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In Canada, the first precursor with semi-controlled access was

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Asphalt and Politics: A History of the American Highway System

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Surface and Air Transportation Programs Extension Act of 2011

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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

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area, they connected the region's system of parks. When the

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Nearly all roadways are built with devices meant to control

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up to higher-speed motor vehicle use. Methods to stabilise

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As states developed and became richer, especially with the

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The first professional road builder to emerge during the

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is transported by road in horse-drawn carriages, donkey

3019:. International Organization of Legal Metrology. 2009. 2242: 1053:" and have been modernized and are still in use today. 1014:

evolved during the first half of the 20th century. The

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Modern tarmac was patented by British civil engineer

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when a second parallel roadway to the regional 1958

2937:. European Commission. 19 June 2012. Archived from 2296:Alpern, Stanley B. (1999). "Dahomey's Royal Road". 1970:were developed to decrease the apparent roughness. 1086:and was inaugurated in 1924. This motorway, called 833:, who constructed about 180 miles (290 km) of 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2829:. In Mauch, Christof & Zeller, Thomas (eds.). 2274: 1823:, had standards that became the prototype for the 969:. The tar was modified by adding small amounts of 876:, a task completed by his assistant of ten years, 2663: 2661: 2659: 2503: 2363: 4414: 707:near High gate on the approach to London before 2464: 2445: 1873:was built. It uses 12 foot (3.65m) lanes, wide 1677:Eastlink - Wellington Rd Northbound Toll Gantry 1108:(opened 1936). In Germany, construction of the 790: 536:, and may be regarded as a feature of empires. 2833:. Athens: Ohio University Press. p. 195. 2766: 2656: 2630: 2628: 3061: 2800:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. p. 2574: 2544:Construction UK: Introduction to the Industry 2494: 1792:, so called because of their often park-like 1621:The examples and perspective in this section 1510:respectively. Asphalt is known as a flexible 520:. Standard networks of roads were adopted by 462: 3014:"International Recommendation (OIML R 134-2" 2767:Shragge, John & Bagnato, Sharon (1984). 2568: 2540: 1842: 1187:do not have rights of light, air or access. 2738:"Bronx River Parkway on an Endangered List" 2625: 2175:Webb. English Local Government. pp. 157-159 1946:Tire components -- NHTSA The Pneumatic Tire 1909:new road projects have been completed with 3068: 3054: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2735: 2634: 2534: 2280: 1639:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 544:, while passengers may be transported via 469: 455: 2547:, Oxford: Blackwell Science, p. 51, 2171: 2169: 1655:Learn how and when to remove this message 1040:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices 630:The first methods of road transport were 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 2682: 2470: 2283:Dahomey: An Ancient West African Kingdom 2197: 1941: 1860: 1852: 1672: 1551: 1481: 1250: 1194: 1112:began in 1929 and was opened in 1932 by 983: 917: 882: 794: 715:Starting in the early 18th century, the 698: 617: 564:with all cross traffic grade-separated. 2906: 2860: 2847: 2360:Schools History.org, Accessed July 2011 1788:The first limited access highways were 1693:in the United States is often called a 1190: 1100:was closed in 1937 and replaced by the 922:Modes of road transport in Dublin, 1929 4415: 2967:from the original on 20 September 2018 2791: 2688: 2417: 2381: 2295: 2166: 2150:. American Auto Move. 30 August 2012. 1777:dual roadways allowed high volumes of 3049: 2909:"Truck freight - nothing easier than" 2888:from the original on 22 December 2019 2599:from the original on 9 September 2021 2483:from the original on 14 November 2020 2204:Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800 2154:from the original on 9 September 2013 1560:flow can create delays lasting hours. 3075: 2985: 2824: 2736:Hershenson, Roberta (18 June 1995). 2635:Lenarduzzi, Thea (30 January 2016). 2452:"1823 - First American Macadam Road" 2016:National Transportation Safety Board 1607: 1292:In the U.S. many truckers own their 1199:A truck transporting a container on 994:("Lakes Motorway"; now parts of the 687: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 2988:"Freight Management and Operations" 2935:"What do we want to achieve ?" 2509: 2382:Oxford, Robert (3 September 2003). 2369: 2090: 2011:Transportation in the United States 1865:San Diego Trolley over Interstate 8 1342: 1158:was first used in February 1930 by 638:or even humans carrying goods over 13: 4240:Transit-oriented development (TOD) 1931: 1533: 1139:. This highway developed into the 891:It was another Scottish engineer, 818:, and by the French road engineer 14: 4434: 3041: 2879: 1104:(opened 1931) and the contiguous 948:Cassell's Patent Lava Stone Works 4396: 4250:Transportation demand management 2915:from the original on 12 May 2013 2748:from the original on 14 May 2013 2717:from the original on 14 May 2013 2281:Herskovits, Melville J. (1967). 2061: 2026:Glossary of road transport terms 1612: 1331:for inspection (for EC see also 1235: 1215: 739:, road transport throughout the 438: 145: 134: 125: 23: 3026:from the original on 2014-01-06 3006: 2994:from the original on 2018-06-30 2986:Foxx, Anthony R. (2012-10-01). 2979: 2953: 2927: 2900: 2873: 2818: 2785: 2760: 2729: 2697: 2610: 2515: 2411: 2375: 2344: 2225:from the original on 2023-04-11 2084: 2073:Portal:Transport/Trucking media 1982:, had a tyre in the form of an 1886:Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 1463: 1351:, and in the European Union as 913: 622:Road construction, depicted on 34:needs additional citations for 2963:. CAT Scale. 4 December 2015. 2907:Bartsch, Frank (4 June 2013). 2391:Institution of Civil Engineers 2332: 2289: 2236: 2191: 2178: 2140: 2116: 2078:Portal:Transport/Highway media 1825:U.S. Interstate Highway System 1498:Today, roadways are primarily 1400:). For fresh and frozen goods 613: 1: 3222:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit 2110: 2006:Passenger vehicles in the USA 2001:National Highway System (USA) 1913:funded by tolls, such as the 1603: 1365:Electronic on-board recorders 1355:. One such regulation is the 1166:, and freeways. In Bassett's 849:Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet 820:Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet 488:is a type of transport using 4278:Passenger information system 1737:, toll roads began with the 1454:International Recommendation 1272:Intermodal freight transport 1010:The first version of modern 791:Industrial civil engineering 155:Examples of road transport: 7: 3416:Demand-responsive transport 3314:Medium-capacity rail system 2884:. Freight Broker Bootcamp. 2583:National Geographic Society 2095:. Sydney: Primavera Press. 1993: 1911:public-private partnerships 1899:Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel 1635:, discuss the issue on the 1378:commercial driver's license 1371: 10: 4439: 4179:Public transport timetable 3210:Passenger rail terminology 2792:Karnes, Thomas L. (2009). 2769:From Footpaths to Freeways 2531:Date accessed: 24 May 2009 2124:"What is 'Road Transport'" 2056:List of roads and highways 2046:Transportation forecasting 1935: 1846: 1666: 1537: 1467: 1411: 1269: 1262: 1096:opened in 1927, while the 1082:motorways, was devised by 1012:controlled-access highways 867:The surveyor and engineer 745:network of well-kept roads 728:road between Foothill and 719:began to pass a series of 606: 602: 562:controlled-access highways 4392: 4296: 4263: 4210:Green transport hierarchy 4192: 4146: 4110: 4069: 3947:Automated fare collection 3932: 3801: 3701: 3667: 3607: 3559: 3521: 3384: 3200: 3083: 1871:Interstate Highway System 1849:Interstate Highway System 1843:Interstate Highway System 1796:and, in the metropolitan 1781:, the need for no or few 1556:Disruptions in organized 1478:Controlled-access highway 1098:Long Island Motor Parkway 1016:Long Island Motor Parkway 1004:controlled-access highway 653:later built a network of 609:History of road transport 371:Green transport hierarchy 4245:Transportation authority 2384:"How old is that route?" 2244:Eisenstadt, Shmuel Noah. 1730:in current terminology. 1296:(rig), and are known as 1176:abutting property owners 1034:and reinforced concrete 724:a section of the London- 210:Armored fighting vehicle 4309:Bus rapid transit creep 4255:Transportation planning 2473:"The Colossus of Roads" 1905:was completed in 1976. 1432:FMCSA federal standards 1276:Trucking companies (in 1245:and safety sign on rear 1074:, and now parts of the 874:London to Holyhead road 860:layer (the sub-base or 660:With the advent of the 429:Transportation planning 341:Alternatives to car use 4007:Manual fare collection 3987:Farebox recovery ratio 3478:Personal rapid transit 2578:The Book of Inventions 2575:Harrison, Ian (2004), 2341:, 1840, Vol 256 xxvii. 1947: 1866: 1858: 1821:New York State Thruway 1759:Great Western Turnpike 1678: 1561: 1495: 1260: 1208: 1137:cloverleaf interchange 1102:Northern State Parkway 1094:Southern State Parkway 1007: 923: 888: 851:established the first 803: 712: 666:large masses of troops 627: 540:may be transported by 356:Cycling infrastructure 346:Bicycle transportation 250:Personal rapid transit 4364:Sustainable transport 4344:Passenger load factor 4159:Clock-face scheduling 3992:Free public transport 3844:Bus turnout (bus bay) 3541:Real-time ridesharing 3334:Platform screen doors 2882:"What is a backhaul?" 2825:Korr, Jeremy (2008). 2541:Ralph Morton (2002), 2418:Bellis, Mary (2007). 2051:Transport engineering 1945: 1864: 1856: 1813:Pennsylvania Turnpike 1806:Pennsylvania Turnpike 1741:in the 1790s, within 1676: 1555: 1485: 1353:drivers working hours 1254: 1198: 1110:Bonn-Cologne Autobahn 1106:Grand Central Parkway 987: 921: 886: 827:Industrial Revolution 798: 759:which stretched from 743:was maintained via a 702: 657:across their empire. 621: 409:Sustainable transport 366:Free public transport 4403:Transport portal 4339:Outline of transport 4032:Reduced fare program 4002:Integrated ticketing 3957:Contract of carriage 3768:Personal transporter 3324:Narrow-gauge railway 3172:Rail replacement bus 2616:Hooley, E. Purnell, 2400:on 27 September 2007 2339:Parliamentary Papers 2246:; Abitbol, Michael; 2199:Thornton, John Kelly 2068:Transport portal 1954:was replaced by the 1811:After 1940 with the 1633:improve this section 1544:Road traffic control 1394:intermodal transport 1284:for road transport. 1191:Trucking and haulage 1116:, then the mayor of 1059:Autostrada dei Laghi 991:Autostrada dei Laghi 963:Edgar Purnell Hooley 642:that often followed 445:Transport portal 43:improve this article 4379:Transport economics 4174:On-time performance 4169:Night (owl) service 3869:Interchange station 3748:Horse-drawn vehicle 3536:Flexible carpooling 3344:Metro/Rapid Transit 2619:U.S. patent 765,975 2500:McAdam (1824), p.38 2091:Lay, M. G. (1992). 1950:As the horse-drawn 1837:New Jersey Turnpike 1540:Road traffic safety 1402:refrigerator trucks 1382:large goods vehicle 1310:less-than-truckload 1178:have the rights of 1141:Queen Elizabeth Way 928:Good Roads Movement 853:scientific approach 486:road transportation 336:Accessibility level 260:Powered exoskeleton 183:Part of a series on 4133:Standing passenger 3396:Auto rickshaw taxi 3366:Suspension railway 3349:Rubber-tyred metro 3272:Heritage streetcar 3177:Share taxi/Taxibus 2742:The New York Times 2710:The New York Times 2691:The New York Times 2581:, Washington, DC: 2527:2014-01-16 at the 2356:2014-05-25 at the 2351:The Turnpike Trust 2128:The Economic Times 2041:Traffic congestion 1990:on unpaved roads. 1948: 1919:Richmond, Virginia 1915:Pocahontas Parkway 1877:, a maximum of 4% 1867: 1859: 1767:Syracuse, New York 1753:. In the state of 1739:Lancaster Turnpike 1679: 1562: 1496: 1333:Schengen Agreement 1261: 1209: 1008: 924: 893:John Loudon McAdam 889: 816:John Loudon McAdam 804: 717:British Parliament 713: 628: 592:are quite common. 542:trucking companies 532:, and other early 255:Pipeline transport 157:Nissan Tsuru (B13) 4410: 4409: 4102:Transport network 4092:Non-revenue track 3758:Inclined elevator 3693:Inclined elevator 3659:Inclined elevator 3284:Higher-speed rail 3227:Airport rail link 3110:Bus rapid transit 2961:"About CAT Scale" 2778:978-0-7743-9388-1 2592:978-0-7922-8296-9 2298:History in Africa 1829:Indiana Toll Road 1665: 1664: 1657: 1582:traffic engineers 1160:Edward M. Bassett 935:road construction 841:surface to allow 777:Road construction 688:New road networks 479: 478: 119: 118: 111: 93: 4430: 4401: 4400: 4319:Destination sign 4283:Platform display 4273:Destination sign 4230:Transit district 4225:Street hierarchy 4205:Complete streets 4200:Airport security 4082:Cross-city route 4027:Proof-of-payment 3997:Free travel pass 3488:Public light bus 3448:Hackney carriage 3267:Heritage railway 3252:Elevated railway 3247:Cross-city route 3167:Public light bus 3125:Cross-city route 3077:Public transport 3070: 3063: 3056: 3047: 3046: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3025: 3018: 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2941:on 15 March 2007 2931: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2858: 2845: 2844: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2799: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2665: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2632: 2623: 2621: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2572: 2566: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2538: 2532: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2468: 2462: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2439: 2434:on June 30, 2012 2430:. Archived from 2424:About: inventors 2420:"Thomas Telford" 2415: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2399: 2393:. Archived from 2388: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2195: 2189: 2182: 2176: 2173: 2164: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2135: 2134: 2120: 2106: 2066: 2065: 2036:Public transport 2021:German autobahns 1802:German autobahns 1660: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1640: 1616: 1615: 1608: 1380:. In the U.K. a 1349:hours of service 1343:Hours of service 1278:American English 1239: 1225:parked near the 1219: 1145:Second World War 735:In 18th century 705:Great North Road 471: 464: 457: 443: 442: 424:Transport divide 295:Uncrewed vehicle 180: 179: 149: 138: 129: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 58:"Road transport" 51: 27: 19: 4438: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4428: 4427: 4413: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4395: 4388: 4292: 4265: 4259: 4188: 4142: 4118:Checked baggage 4106: 4065: 3952:Bus advertising 3936: 3928: 3797: 3788:Trackless train 3731:Scooter-sharing 3726:Bicycle-sharing 3703: 3697: 3663: 3603: 3555: 3517: 3493:Pulled rickshaw 3463:Motorcycle taxi 3406:Combination bus 3387: 3380: 3294:Inter-city rail 3279:High-speed rail 3196: 3079: 3074: 3044: 3039: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3007: 2997: 2995: 2984: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2918: 2916: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2880:Brown, Dennis. 2878: 2874: 2859: 2848: 2841: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2790: 2786: 2779: 2765: 2761: 2751: 2749: 2734: 2730: 2720: 2718: 2713:. 6 June 1995. 2703: 2702: 2698: 2687: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2642:The Independent 2633: 2626: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2602: 2600: 2593: 2585:, p. 277, 2573: 2569: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2539: 2535: 2529:Wayback Machine 2520: 2516: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2486: 2484: 2479:, Strum.co.uk, 2469: 2465: 2450: 2446: 2437: 2435: 2416: 2412: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2386: 2380: 2376: 2368: 2364: 2358:Wayback Machine 2349: 2345: 2337: 2333: 2310:10.2307/3172135 2294: 2290: 2279: 2275: 2268: 2241: 2237: 2228: 2226: 2219: 2196: 2192: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2167: 2157: 2155: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2132: 2130: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2103: 2087: 2082: 2060: 1996: 1940: 1934: 1932:Pneumatic tyres 1851: 1845: 1761:was started in 1671: 1661: 1650: 1644: 1641: 1630: 1617: 1613: 1606: 1550: 1536: 1534:Traffic control 1508:Portland cement 1480: 1466: 1443:weigh-in-motion 1414: 1386:dangerous goods 1374: 1345: 1298:owner-operators 1274: 1268: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1220: 1193: 1174:-based system, 1125:The Middle Road 1114:Konrad Adenauer 1084:Piero Puricelli 971:Portland cement 916: 793: 690: 624:Trajan's Column 616: 611: 605: 597:cycle rickshaws 475: 437: 178: 177: 176: 175: 152: 151: 150: 141: 140: 139: 131: 130: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4436: 4426: 4425: 4423:Road transport 4408: 4407: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4334:Land transport 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4269: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4235:Transit police 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4215:Rail subsidies 4212: 4207: 4202: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4087:Network length 4084: 4079: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4051:Ticket machine 4048: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3972:Fare avoidance 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3943: 3941: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3854:Ferry terminal 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3805: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3763:Moving walkway 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3728: 3718: 3713: 3707: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3688:Moving walkway 3685: 3680: 3674: 3672: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3649: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3617:Aerial tramway 3613: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3527: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3413: 3411:Cycle rickshaw 3408: 3403: 3398: 3392: 3390: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3361:Street running 3358: 3353: 3352: 3351: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3206: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3148: 3147: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3089: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3073: 3072: 3065: 3058: 3050: 3043: 3042:External links 3040: 3038: 3037: 3005: 2978: 2952: 2926: 2899: 2872: 2846: 2839: 2817: 2810: 2784: 2777: 2759: 2728: 2696: 2681: 2655: 2624: 2609: 2591: 2567: 2553: 2533: 2514: 2502: 2493: 2471:Craig, David, 2463: 2444: 2428:New York Times 2426:. About, Inc, 2410: 2374: 2362: 2343: 2331: 2288: 2273: 2266: 2260:. p. 86. 2235: 2217: 2211:. p. 73. 2190: 2177: 2165: 2139: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2101: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2031:Neo-bulk cargo 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1936:Main article: 1933: 1930: 1847:Main article: 1844: 1841: 1783:traffic lights 1667:Main article: 1663: 1662: 1627:of the subject 1625:worldwide view 1620: 1618: 1611: 1605: 1602: 1548:Traffic lights 1535: 1532: 1465: 1462: 1450:European Union 1445:(WIM) scales. 1423:weigh stations 1413: 1410: 1373: 1370: 1344: 1341: 1321:bill of lading 1306:full truckload 1244: 1243: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1221: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1192: 1189: 915: 912: 869:Thomas Telford 812:Thomas Telford 800:Thomas Telford 792: 789: 741:Ashanti Empire 730:Stony Stafford 689: 686: 615: 612: 607:Main article: 604: 601: 482:Road transport 477: 476: 474: 473: 466: 459: 451: 448: 447: 434: 433: 432: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 405: 404: 403: 402: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 320: 319: 315: 314: 313: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 245:Animal-powered 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 199: 198: 192: 191: 185: 184: 154: 153: 144: 143: 142: 133: 132: 124: 123: 122: 121: 120: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4435: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4405: 4404: 4399: 4391: 4385: 4384:Micromobility 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4329:Hail and ride 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3924:Transport hub 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3909:Train station 3907: 3905: 3904:Taxicab stand 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3889:Park and ride 3887: 3885: 3884:Metro station 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3627:Cable railway 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3356:Regional rail 3354: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3237:Commuter rail 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3140:Intercity bus 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3059: 3057: 3052: 3051: 3048: 3022: 3015: 3009: 2993: 2989: 2982: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2940: 2936: 2930: 2914: 2911:. BB Handel. 2910: 2903: 2887: 2883: 2876: 2868: 2864: 2863:American City 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2842: 2840:9780821417676 2836: 2832: 2828: 2821: 2813: 2811:9780786442829 2807: 2803: 2798: 2797: 2788: 2780: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2732: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2700: 2692: 2685: 2670: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2629: 2620: 2613: 2598: 2594: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2579: 2571: 2556: 2554:0-632-05852-8 2550: 2546: 2545: 2537: 2530: 2526: 2523: 2518: 2512:, p. 83. 2511: 2506: 2497: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2467: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2414: 2396: 2392: 2385: 2378: 2372:, p. 72. 2371: 2366: 2359: 2355: 2352: 2347: 2340: 2335: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2292: 2284: 2277: 2269: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2248:Chazan, Naomi 2245: 2239: 2224: 2220: 2218:9781135365844 2214: 2210: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2194: 2187: 2181: 2172: 2170: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2115: 2104: 2102:1-875368-05-1 2098: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1974:and carriage 1973: 1969: 1965: 1962:and lorry or 1961: 1957: 1953: 1944: 1939: 1929: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1917:(I-895) near 1916: 1912: 1906: 1904: 1903:bridge-tunnel 1900: 1896: 1895:Interstate 64 1892: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1863: 1855: 1850: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1833:Ohio Turnpike 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1798:New York City 1795: 1791: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1774: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1745:, connecting 1744: 1740: 1736: 1735:United States 1731: 1729: 1725: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1684: 1675: 1670: 1659: 1656: 1648: 1645:November 2021 1638: 1634: 1628: 1626: 1619: 1610: 1609: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1591: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1531: 1529: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1434:that include 1433: 1429: 1428:United States 1424: 1419: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1398:animal rights 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1287: 1286:Truck drivers 1283: 1279: 1273: 1266: 1258: 1253: 1238: 1228: 1224: 1218: 1206: 1205:South Florida 1202: 1201:Interstate 95 1197: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072:Lake Maggiore 1069: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1054: 1052: 1051:dual highways 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1005: 1002:), the first 1001: 1000:Autostrada A9 997: 996:Autostrada A8 993: 992: 986: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 959: 957: 953: 949: 945: 944:macadam roads 940: 936: 931: 929: 920: 911: 909: 906: 900: 898: 894: 885: 881: 879: 878:John MacNeill 875: 870: 865: 863: 858: 857:road building 854: 850: 846: 844: 840: 836: 835:turnpike road 832: 828: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 801: 797: 788: 786: 782: 778: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 733: 731: 727: 722: 718: 710: 706: 701: 697: 695: 685: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 658: 656: 652: 648: 645: 641: 637: 633: 625: 620: 610: 600: 598: 593: 591: 590:bike couriers 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 565: 563: 559: 558:intersections 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 472: 467: 465: 460: 458: 453: 452: 450: 449: 446: 441: 436: 435: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 401: 398: 397: 396: 393: 392: 391: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 331:Accessibility 329: 327: 326:9-Euro-Ticket 324: 323: 322: 321: 317: 316: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 265:Rapid transit 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 230:Human-powered 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 202: 201: 200: 197: 194: 193: 190: 187: 186: 182: 181: 173: 169: 165: 162: 161:Flying Pigeon 158: 148: 137: 128: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: – 59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 4394: 4369:Timing point 4354:Request stop 4297:Other topics 4154:Bus bunching 4138:Travel class 4097:Radial route 4077:Circle route 4061:Transit pass 4022:Penalty fare 3982:Fare evasion 3977:Fare capping 3962:Dead mileage 3919:Transit mall 3642:Gondola lift 3421:Microtransit 3329:People mover 3242:Circle route 3157:Open top bus 3120:Circle route 3030:20 September 3028:. Retrieved 3008: 2998:20 September 2996:. Retrieved 2981: 2971:20 September 2969:. Retrieved 2955: 2945:11 September 2943:. Retrieved 2939:the original 2929: 2917:. Retrieved 2902: 2892:20 September 2890:. Retrieved 2875: 2866: 2862: 2830: 2820: 2795: 2787: 2768: 2762: 2750:. Retrieved 2741: 2731: 2719:. Retrieved 2708: 2699: 2690: 2684: 2672:. Retrieved 2646:. Retrieved 2640: 2612: 2601:, retrieved 2577: 2570: 2558:, retrieved 2543: 2536: 2517: 2505: 2496: 2485:, retrieved 2476: 2466: 2457:Carl Rakeman 2455:(Painting - 2454: 2447: 2436:. Retrieved 2432:the original 2423: 2413: 2402:. Retrieved 2395:the original 2377: 2365: 2346: 2338: 2334: 2301: 2297: 2291: 2282: 2276: 2252: 2238: 2227:. Retrieved 2203: 2193: 2180: 2158:12 September 2156:. Retrieved 2142: 2131:. Retrieved 2127: 2118: 2092: 2085:Bibliography 1949: 1923: 1907: 1883: 1868: 1817:World War II 1810: 1789: 1787: 1775: 1771: 1747:Philadelphia 1743:Pennsylvania 1732: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1688: 1680: 1651: 1642: 1622: 1598: 1594: 1586: 1574: 1570:speed limits 1563: 1528:hydroplaning 1524: 1520: 1516: 1497: 1464:Modern roads 1453: 1447: 1415: 1375: 1346: 1318: 1291: 1275: 1227:Hume Highway 1172:property law 1155: 1153: 1122: 1087: 1057: 1055: 1044: 1028:banked turns 1009: 989: 988:The Italian 960: 947: 932: 925: 914:20th century 901: 890: 866: 847: 831:John Metcalf 824: 808:John Metcalf 805: 781:John Metcalf 773: 734: 714: 691: 676:later built 662:Roman Empire 659: 629: 594: 574:pickup truck 566: 546:mass transit 485: 481: 480: 269: 105: 99:January 2007 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 4374:Transit map 4349:Public good 4266:and signage 4123:First class 4037:Smart cards 4012:Money train 3874:Kassel kerb 3834:Bus station 3622:Cable ferry 3589:Ocean liner 3569:Cable ferry 3426:Paratransit 3187:Transit bus 3182:Shuttle bus 3130:Express bus 3085:Bus service 1794:landscaping 1697:. The term 1458:Bridges Act 1390:tank trucks 1361:Tachographs 1149:Highway 401 1032:guard rails 1020:Long Island 967:steamroller 939:rural areas 862:base course 737:West Africa 694:Renaissance 670:Roman roads 655:Royal Roads 640:dirt tracks 614:Early roads 361:Engineering 351:Cyclability 172:Scania R440 4324:Dwell time 4314:Crush load 4264:Technology 4184:Short turn 4147:Scheduling 4111:Facilities 3899:Queue jump 3819:Bus garage 3721:Carsharing 3599:Water taxi 3579:Hovercraft 3531:Car jockey 3523:Carpooling 3498:Share taxi 3468:Marshrutka 3433:Dollar van 3376:Tram-train 3304:Light rail 3299:Interurban 3262:Heavy rail 3192:Trolleybus 3152:Marshrutka 3135:Guided bus 2477:Palimpsest 2438:2007-01-19 2404:2007-01-19 2267:9004083553 2229:2023-02-22 2133:2024-03-15 2111:References 1978:, made of 1712:shunpiking 1707:toll booth 1703:toll house 1683:toll roads 1604:Toll roads 1538:See also: 1468:See also: 1436:bridge law 1408:are used. 1270:See also: 1089:autostrada 1047:automobile 753:toll roads 709:turnpiking 498:automobile 305:Velomobile 280:Supersonic 174:(a truck). 166:(a bike), 69:newspapers 4288:Timetable 4017:Paid area 3967:Exit fare 3934:Ticketing 3914:Tram stop 3829:Bus stand 3802:Locations 3783:Slope car 3753:Hyperloop 3743:Escalator 3704:transport 3683:Escalator 3671:transport 3637:Funicular 3594:Vaporetto 3584:Hydrofoil 3503:Songthaew 3473:Nanny van 3458:Limousine 3401:Boda boda 3257:Funicular 3232:Cable car 3115:Charabanc 2326:161238713 2304:: 11–24. 2209:Routledge 2186:15 Cha. 2 1751:Lancaster 1728:toll road 1691:toll road 1669:Toll road 1637:talk page 1452:uses the 1337:free port 1304:per run ( 1302:consignee 1154:The word 1068:Lake Como 843:rainwater 785:Yorkshire 680:roads in 678:tar-paved 674:Caliphate 419:Timetable 189:Transport 170:(a bus), 159:(a car), 4417:Category 4304:Boarding 4220:Security 4193:Politics 4056:Transfer 3849:Dry dock 3839:Bus stop 3824:Bus lane 3814:Bus bulb 3793:Vactrain 3773:Robotaxi 3738:Elevator 3716:Airliner 3678:Elevator 3669:Building 3652:tricable 3632:Elevator 3546:Slugging 3388:for hire 3386:Vehicles 3319:Monorail 3289:Horsecar 3215:glossary 3021:Archived 2992:Archived 2965:Archived 2913:Archived 2886:Archived 2752:13 April 2746:Archived 2721:13 April 2715:Archived 2597:archived 2525:Archived 2510:Lay 1992 2481:archived 2370:Lay 1992 2354:Archived 2250:(1988). 2223:Archived 2201:(1999). 2184:Statute 2152:Archived 1994:See also 1952:carriage 1891:Virginia 1790:Parkways 1755:New York 1724:turnpike 1699:turnpike 1695:turnpike 1631:You may 1512:pavement 1504:concrete 1492:Slovakia 1486:Highway 1439:formulas 1372:Licenses 1314:backhaul 1265:Truckin' 1223:B double 1164:parkways 1129:Hamilton 1127:between 1024:New York 998:and the 956:subgrade 952:Millwall 905:carriage 763:through 651:Persians 586:vehicles 526:Persians 512:such as 508:, or by 414:Timeline 395:Personal 300:Vactrain 164:roadster 4359:Service 4164:Headway 4128:Sleeper 4070:Routing 4045:Calypso 4041:CIPURSE 3879:Layover 3809:Airport 3711:Airline 3647:bicable 3551:Vanpool 3513:Tuk tuk 3453:Jeepney 3443:Gondola 3339:Railbus 2603:23 June 2560:22 June 2487:18 June 2318:3172135 2188:. c. 1. 1897:at the 1875:medians 1779:traffic 1733:In the 1716:boycott 1578:paddles 1566:traffic 1558:traffic 1500:asphalt 1474:Highway 1418:weights 1412:Weights 1406:reefers 1329:customs 1156:freeway 1133:Toronto 1118:Cologne 897:macadam 757:Kpengla 749:Dahomey 726:Chester 682:Baghdad 603:History 554:signage 534:empires 390:Private 381:Outline 376:History 310:Walking 215:Bicycle 168:MAZ-303 83:scholar 3864:Harbor 3859:Hangar 3778:Shweeb 3483:Pesero 3438:Dolmuş 3309:Maglev 3162:Pesero 3145:driver 3098:driver 2919:8 June 2837: 2808: 2775: 2674:10 May 2648:12 May 2589: 2551: 2324: 2316: 2264: 2215: 2099: 1976:wheels 1835:, and 1763:Albany 1757:, the 1681:Early 1546:, and 1476:, and 1325:border 1168:zoning 1036:tarmac 977:, and 839:convex 769:Ouidah 767:up to 761:Abomey 649:. 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