644:(for instance, beliefs, ritual, values, and sociality) and whether the nature of these components could be understood using traditional biological principles. Hinde's own views were summarized when he said, "'it does not matter too much what you believe, for many different cultural beliefs bring meaning to believers' lives (though differences in religious beliefs can lead to horrendous conflict). But what does matter is how people behave." He also hypothesized about the evolution of pro-social groups, saying that groups in which members behave pro-socially and cooperate are most successful despite the conflict between the self and the group that's introduced by
613:" framework of attachment using a blend of ethology's objective observation and Bowlby's focus on relationship quality. Hinde, along with his second wife, Joan Stephenson-Hinde, conducted research using at-home questionnaires along with playgroup ethological observations to compare an individual child's interactions with his mother and the child's behavior during playgroup; they were able to establish consistency in the child's interactions over time. In addition, the studies established sex differences in the ways that children interacted with their mothers, their teachers, and their peers.
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each interaction takes place in the context of prior interactions, so the enduring relationship between individuals is key to understanding behavior. Hinde's careful quantitative ethological approach allowed observers to use their repeated observations to understand the larger social structure of the macaque groups and the relationships that constituted that structure.
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staple method of ethological and behavioral studies, and continues to be used today. Using this type of data collection, Hinde and his colleagues were able to quantitatively record interactions between individuals as well as proximities between individuals, leading to the ability to calculate rates of behaviors as a measurement of the quality of relationship.
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side, the friendship with Bowlby introduced him to psychological theories and ideas about the influence that relationships among individuals can have on observed behavior. Hinde, at Bowlby's invitation, attended a recurring seminar that included psychologists of various fields, exposing him to many ideas of learning theory and analysis.
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Initial studies at the site focused on documenting the behavior and facial expressions of the macaques, which would aid in individual identification. For this purpose, "check sheets" were developed to record behavior at half minute intervals. This type of observational data collection would become a
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colony at
Madingley. The two agreed that monkey mothers and their offspring would be an acceptable analogue for human mother-infant interactions, and would allow for experimental work to be conducted. In 1958, a building and large outdoor pens were built for six groups of rhesus macaques; four years
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Hinde and his colleagues also conducted empirical research in the form of separation studies in which mothers were separated from infants in the presence or absence of their larger social group. Such separation studies highlighted the importance of large social contexts and relationships for Hinde;
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Throughout his life, Hinde was a staunch defender of peace. During his military service, Hinde viewed war as an unfortunate necessity. However, after the end of World War II, Hinde slowly concluded that the "preciousness of peace" was far more important than wartime victory. Through the rest of his
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several times and would be integral to the introduction of his quantitative recording methods at the site. His work would make the data collected by
Goodall and colleagues more objective and more comparable across multiple observers at different time periods; this allowed for the longitudinal data
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of mother-infant attachment. Bowlby, through Hinde's ethological influence, developed a socio-emotive attachment theory for which he would later become known. The introduction of strict, objective observational data collection would become a staple of developmental psychology methods. On Hinde's
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would impact the textile branch of the Hinde family, Ernest's immediate family unit, which included Robert's older siblings John and Isobel, would remain well-off due to his medical degree. The family had a keen interest in the natural sciences that included long mountainous hikes, which allowed
430:, who arrived at Oxford in 1950. Tinbergen was on the cusp of becoming a seminal figure in the field of ethology and behavior with his "four 'why’s' of behavior", and this allowed Hinde to learn the ethological methods early on and apply them to the rest of his career. Hinde received a
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Upon leaving the RAF in 1946, Hinde enrolled as an undergraduate at St. John's
College, and read chemistry, physiology, and zoology. He received a first in Part II zoology in 1948. While at St. John's, Hinde also served as the secretary for the Cambridge Bird Club; with the help of the
382:; the group sought to avoid violent conflict by working behind-the-scenes to provide policymakers with relevant accurate scientific information. Specifically, Hinde emphasized the need to distinguish various levels of aggression, from individual conflict to group conflict to world war.
370:. While at St. John's Wood, Hinde received word that his brother, John, had been torpedoed off the coast of Africa. Hinde would remain in the RAF for 6 years, rising to the rank of Flight Lieutenant before being given an early release in 1946 for a special exhibition at
464:. Although the position included a condition that Hinde was not to carry out his own independent research, both Thorpe and Hinde ignored this stipulation. Hinde carried out a variety of research projects in avian species, in the areas of comparative ethology,
550:. Hinde agreed to take her on as a PhD student and to handle the bureaucratic issues that would arise from pursuing a PhD without a bachelor's degree but was initially her "sternest critic until he came to Gombe". Hinde would visit the site at
395:, Hinde was able to publish several papers on the behavior of several species of birds during this time. One such paper, in which he carefully recorded species of tits opening milk jugs left outside, remains a seminal work in
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in 1940 at the age of 17, one year after
England declared war on Germany. He had been in the Officers' Training Corp while at Oundle, and when he was called up in the RAF, Hinde was sent to the Air Crew Receiving Centre in
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426:. While Lack was Hinde's official supervisor, and "was enormously helpful in teaching to be critical and describe selectively and write concisely", Hinde credited the most major influence on his later work to
542:, the founder of many of the sites, and trained many of the young researchers that would become some of the best-known primatologists. For example, Leakey wanted to get formal scientific training for
601:, among many others. Hinde's supervising emphasized the objective ethological data collection methods that he had popularized in the field through his work with the rhesus macaques at Madingley.
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Hinde died on 23 December 2016, at the age of 93. He was survived by his second wife, Joan
Stevenson-Hinde, his six children, eighteen grandchildren, and seven great-grandchildren.
491:. Bowlby was intrigued by the concept of using strict ethological approaches in his observations of children; to that point, developmental psychology had been heavily focused on
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nest-building behavior. The nest-building study was particularly interesting, with its interdisciplinary approach that incorporated not only ethological methods, but
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in which they would help each other with dissections. In his last year at St. John's, Hinde also met his first wife, Hester, with whom he would have 4 children.
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and into the "harder sciences", such as chemistry. Although he would return to the natural sciences, Hinde would later credit this formal training in the
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Hinde's experience working with primates at
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Bateson, P., Stevenson-Hinde, J., & Clutton-Brock, T. (2018). Robert Aubrey Hinde CBE. 26 October 1923—23 December 2016. 65,
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1950–58 – Curator, Ornithological Field
Station, later named Sub–Department of Animal Behaviour, Department of Zoology, Cambridge
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in 1950; his thesis focused on the annual cycle and behavior of the great tit, and on comparing it to other members of the
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ideas of the mind. Hinde retired from
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During the 1970s and 1980s, Hinde was also involved in studies of human-mother interaction; he had developed a "
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1970–89 – Honorary director, Medical
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1992 – Distinguished Career Award, International Society for the Study of Interpersonal Relationships
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Hinde, R. (1951). A comparative behaviour study of the Paridae (PhD thesis). University of Oxford.
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Through the 1990s, Hinde found himself becoming more and more drawn to psychological and
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life and his career, Hinde was active in a number of war-avoidant groups, including the
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for shaping the way that he approached his career in zoology, ethology, and psychology.
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field site; Fossey came to Madingley to become Hinde's student before returning to
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Psychological and philosophical ideas of religion, relationships, and institutions
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2003 – Bowlby–Ainsworth Award for Contributions to Attachment Theory and Research
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that involved being the curator of a field station location in the village of
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Hinde, R.A. (1947) The breeding of the moustached warbler in Cambridgeshire.
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1958–63 – Assistant director of research, Sub–Department of Animal Behaviour
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http://news.janegoodall.org/2017/01/20/remembering-my-mentor-robert-hinde/
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The Development of Filial and Avoidance behaviour in the domestic chicken
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2012 – Honorary Member of the Society for Emotion and Attachment Studies
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Bateson, Patrick; Stevenson-Hinde, Joan; Clutton-Brock, Tim (2018).
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https://sounds.bl.uk/Oral-history/Science/021M-C1379X0008XX-0001V0
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Hinde, Robert (Part 1 of 7). An Oral History of British Science.
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1984 – Rivers Award in Social Anthropology, Cambridge University
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Interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 7 and 20 November 2007 (video)
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After receiving his D.Phil., Hinde accepted a position from
989:"Robert Aubrey Hinde CBE. 26 October 1923—23 December 2016"
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to support and drive the conservation of gorilla species.
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1980 – Osman Hill Medal, Primate Society of Great Britain
640:. One of his major arguments concerned the components of
285:(26 October 1923 – 23 December 2016) was a British
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Feeding and ranging behaviour of the red colobus monkey
399:. Hinde would later describe interactions with a young
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Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
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2008–16 – President, Movement for the Abolition of War
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
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1991 – Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award,
337:, an all-boys boarding school in the market town of
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1239:. Jane Goodall's Good for All News. Available at:
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620:studies with similar methods in Cambridge and in
538:in Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. He worked with
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380:Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
673:1989–94 – Master, St. John's College, Cambridge
670:1958–89; 1994–2016 – Fellow, St. John's College
518:later, a permanent laboratory space was built.
605:Child development and developmental psychology
330:Hinde to develop an interest in birdwatching.
16:British zoologist, ethologist and psychologist
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581:Hinde would collaborate with and train other
345:. At Oundle, Hinde was encouraged out of the
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183:A Comparative Behaviour Study of the Paridae
585:working in a variety of species, including
1678:Honorary Fellows of Trinity College Dublin
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480:ones as well, by incorporating a study of
1703:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
1272:Trinity College Dublin Record Volume 1991
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839:Society for Research in Child Development
749:1978 – Honorary Foreign Associate of the
1274:. Dublin: Trinity College Dublin Press.
1270:Webb, D.A. (1992). J.R., Barlett (ed.).
1260:, 3 December 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
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1693:Masters of St John's College, Cambridge
1673:Honorary Fellows of the British Academy
1044:(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
957:(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
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616:Hinde, with colleagues, also conducted
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406:In 1948, Hinde accepted a position at
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19:For the soldier and polo player, see
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1038:Clutton-Brock, Timothy Hugh (1972).
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821:1980 – Wilhelm Wundt Medal, Leipzig
667:1958–63 – Tutor, St. John's College
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21:Robert Hinde (British Army officer)
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1550:Robert Henry Stewart Thompson
845:American Psychological Association
694:University of California, Berkeley
509:Rhesus macaque colony at Madingley
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1663:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
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593:, Sandy Harcourt, Kelly Stewart,
1688:People educated at Oundle School
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763:Commander of the British Empire
751:US National Academy of Sciences
698:1983 – Green Visiting Scholar,
1296:"Zoological Society of London"
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885:1988 – Honorary Fellow of the
874:New York Psychiatric Institute
843:1993 – G. Stanley Hall Medal,
831:1981 – Honorary Fellow of the
793:2002 – Honorary Fellow of the
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321:, the county town of Norfolk,
1:
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872:1980 – Leonard Cammer Award,
833:British Psychological Society
393:British Trust for Ornithology
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1668:Fellows of the Royal Society
1570:Pierre Henry John Young
1565:Stephen Esslemont Woods
920:Zoological Society of London
692:1979 – Hitchcock Professor,
484:influence on nest-building.
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372:St John's College, Cambridge
99:St John's College, Cambridge
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887:Royal College of Psychiatry
739:Fellow of the Royal Society
657:1951–54 – Research fellow,
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1540:Roger Valentine Short
773:1990 – Honorary Fellow of
755:1986 – Honorary Fellow of
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307:developmental psychology
1515:Norman James Petch
775:Trinity College, Dublin
757:Balliol College, Oxford
408:Balliol College, Oxford
299:University of Cambridge
170:University of Cambridge
108:Balliol College, Oxford
1190:British Library Sounds
1188:Brodie, Interviewer).
1008:10.1098/rsbm.2018.0011
333:At 14, Hinde attended
1440:David Roderick Curtis
1336:Francis Harry Hinsley
901:1990 – Huxley Medal,
767:1990 – Member of the
716:Major lifetime awards
706:British Pugwash Group
1602:Renato Dulbecco
1235:Goodall, J. (2017).
783:of the Royal Society
708:. (later, president)
652:Major positions held
1683:Royal Medal winners
1612:Giuseppe Occhialini
1607:George H. Hitchings
1445:John Frank Davidson
878:Columbia University
700:University of Texas
558:Hinde also trained
248:Robert Aubrey Hinde
142:Behavioural ecology
57:Robert Aubrey Hinde
1648:English zoologists
1545:John Trevor Stuart
1058:uk.bl.ethos.451729
971:uk.bl.ethos.449192
686:Research Professor
659:St. John's College
401:David Attenborough
317:Hinde was born in
1653:English humanists
1625:
1624:
1617:Jean-Pierre Serre
1525:John Polkinghorne
1505:Peter D. Mitchell
1500:Drummond Matthews
1465:Jack Halpern
1455:Pehr Victor Edman
1359:
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1350:Succeeded by
1328:Academic offices
857:Social psychology
781:Croonian Lecturer
769:Academia Europaea
704:2002–07 – Chair,
564:mountain gorillas
548:bachelor's degree
497:learning theories
468:, motivation and
410:, studying under
361:Hinde joined the
351:physical sciences
245:
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218:Tim Clutton-Brock
206:Doctoral students
124:Scientific career
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478:endocrinological
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303:animal behaviour
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166:Institutions
123:
88:(2016-12-23)
32:Robert Hinde
25:
1643:2016 deaths
1638:1923 births
1430:John Cairns
1001:: 151–177.
916:Frink Medal
806:Primatology
788:Royal Medal
732:Fellowships
661:, Cambridge
611:dialectical
560:Dian Fossey
489:John Bowlby
470:habituation
458:W.H. Thorpe
327:World War I
223:Dian Fossey
152:Primatology
147:Ornithology
1632:Categories
1579:Statute 12
1347:1989–1994
934:References
867:Psychiatry
816:Psychology
682:1963–89 –
587:Anne Pusey
536:great apes
466:imprinting
412:David Lack
313:Early life
291:ethologist
200:David Lack
63:1923-10-26
1555:John Vane
1212:, 98–104.
1210:Br. Birds
1050:500406063
1017:0080-4606
963:500380329
642:religions
462:Madingley
424:great tit
386:Education
287:zoologist
95:Education
1398:elected
1025:80805351
826:Ethology
638:morality
622:Budapest
504:Primates
482:hormonal
416:jackdaws
157:Ethology
1595:Foreign
1407:Fellows
1400:in 1974
1394:of the
1392:Fellows
1301:1 April
914:1991 –
909:Zoology
786:1996 –
779:1990 –
761:1988 –
737:1974 –
568:Virunga
566:at the
440:Paridae
323:England
319:Norwich
137:Zoology
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572:Rwanda
474:canary
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432:D.Phil
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177:Thesis
130:Fields
1164:Hinde
1054:EThOS
1021:S2CID
967:EThOS
926:Death
552:Gombe
420:rooks
258:
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116:DPhil
43:
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1303:2019
1276:ISBN
1046:OCLC
1013:ISSN
959:OCLC
722:edit
495:and
418:and
305:and
293:and
83:Died
77:, UK
53:Born
1003:doi
341:in
260:FBA
256:FRS
252:CBE
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