525:
102:
80:
91:
120:
in 1249 as an attempt to control the Anglo-Scottish border by providing a buffer zone. On each side of the Anglo-Scottish border there was the West March, the Middle March and the East March. These regions nearly mirrored each other but there was some overlap between the
Scottish and English regions.
185:
The fluid nature of the border, and the frequent wars between
Scotland and England, made the Marches fertile ground for many bandits and reivers who exploited the situation. The wardens of the Marches on either side of the border were entrusted with the difficult task of keeping the peace and
396:
Forsamekle as the kingis majestie is resolved to purge the mydele schyres of this isle, heirtofoir callit the bordouris of
Scotland and England, of that barbarous crueltie, wickednes and incivilitie whilk be inveterat custome almaist wes become naturall to mony of the inhabitantis
148:(James I of England), the border clans would switch allegiance between the Scottish and English thrones depending on what was most favourable for the members of the clan. For a time, powerful local clans dominated a region on the border between England and Scotland, known as the
401:
Forasmuch as the king's majesty is resolved to purge the middle shires of this isle, heretofore called the borders of
Scotland and England, of that barbarous cruelty, wickedness and incivility which by inveterate custom almost was become natural to many of the inhabitants
159:
were raiders that attacked local residents. There were both
English and Scottish clans in these groups, and they would attack regardless of nationality. Local farmers would often need to make payments to the various clans as a form of
421:
The lord wardens of the marches of
England and Scotland: being a brief history of the marches, the laws of march, and the marchmen, together with some account of the ancient feud between England and Scotland
129:, who was tasked with overseeing these regions and keeping their monarch's domain secure; when it was in their interests, they would encourage cross-border raiding, or even full-scale war.
132:
Especially in the Tudor period, some inhabitants of the
Marches on either side of the border exhibited mixed national allegiances, and parts of the region were home to Riding Surnames or
186:
punishing wrongdoers; the
Scottish and English wardens would meet to co-ordinate their efforts against free-lance reivers at "days of march" (or "days of truce"), when they implemented
976:
40:
852:
981:
946:
941:
62:, characterised by violence and cross-border raids. The Scottish Marches era came to an end during the first decade of the 17th century following the
223:. It was fought over many times: between 1147 and 1482, the town changed hands between the two nations more than 13 times. As late as the reign of
625:
474:
444:
650:
289:
308:
966:
896:
667:
635:
891:
971:
687:
645:
738:
640:
838:
753:
702:
748:
936:
926:
916:
906:
697:
655:
504:
264:
187:
931:
921:
911:
901:
514:
509:
17:
672:
467:
951:
662:
368:
961:
743:
243:
The
Scottish Marches era came to an end during the first decade of the 17th century with the creation of the
728:
707:
318:
483:
712:
692:
677:
460:
126:
822:
117:
559:
630:
293:
956:
807:
760:
817:
609:
438:
224:
524:
791:
682:
599:
51:
31:
812:
584:
252:
145:
113:
193:
The reiver period produced one unique architectural feature in the old reiver country—the
8:
733:
604:
419:
220:
137:
122:
63:
201:). It has also produced a great deal of romantic literature, most famously the works of
544:
208:
198:
332:
776:
594:
589:
499:
364:
574:
269:
202:
161:
105:
59:
55:
361:
Violence, Custom and Law: The Anglo-Scottish Border Lands in the Later Middle Ages
539:
232:
149:
83:
383:
554:
248:
190:, a kind of customary law agreed upon by the two realms during times of peace.
156:
141:
94:
452:
27:
Border area between
England and Scotland in the medieval and early modern eras
885:
867:
854:
244:
228:
227:, the English considered it worth spending a fortune on the latest style of
564:
212:
786:
194:
437:
394:
Act anent fugitive persones of the borders to the in countrey (1609):
101:
216:
178:
79:
90:
579:
549:
290:"The Office of Warden of the Marches;its Origin and Early History"
215:(the traditional border in the East March), is slightly closer to
197:, a defensive structure found on many great houses (and indeed on
569:
165:
337:
164:
to ensure they were not attacked. These agreements were called
39:
133:
977:
States and territories disestablished in the 17th century
30:
For the modern border between Scotland and England, see
112:
The Marches were first conceived in a treaty between
182:entered the English language in 1530 as a result.
448:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 687–688.
363:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. xiv, 1–2.
883:
482:
171:
384:Berwick upon Tweed: The Historical Walled Town
235:) to secure the town against Scottish attack.
468:
439:"March, Earls of § II Scottish Marches"
211:, a strategic town on the north bank of the
152:, where neither monarch's writ was heeded.
86:, headquarters of the English Western March
64:union of the crowns of England and Scotland
982:States and territories established in 1249
947:17th-century disestablishments in Scotland
475:
461:
97:, headquarters of the English Middle March
942:17th-century disestablishments in England
330:
108:, fortress of the Scottish Western March
100:
89:
78:
38:
435:
358:
14:
884:
138:two kingdoms were united in March 1603
456:
417:
314:
331:Mikkelson, Barbara (26 April 2012).
24:
429:
25:
993:
292:. Oxford Journals. Archived from
523:
967:History of the Scottish Borders
897:1249 establishments in Scotland
238:
43:Regions of the Scottish marches
892:1249 establishments in England
388:
377:
352:
324:
282:
251:of Scotland and England under
176:meaning 'agreement'. The word
144:of Scotland and England under
13:
1:
972:Marches (country subdivision)
436:McNeill, Ronald John (1911).
411:
839:History of the British Isles
359:Neville, Cynthia J. (1998).
7:
485:Scotland in the Middle Ages
258:
10:
998:
127:Lord Warden of the Marches
74:
69:
50:was the term used for the
29:
831:
800:
769:
721:
618:
532:
521:
492:
170:, from an Old Norse word
121:In the late 13th century
118:Alexander III of Scotland
937:16th century in Scotland
927:15th century in Scotland
917:14th century in Scotland
907:13th century in Scotland
333:"Etymology of blackmail"
275:
247:, promulgated after the
932:16th century in England
922:15th century in England
912:14th century in England
902:13th century in England
445:Encyclopædia Britannica
172:
166:
418:Pease, Howard (1912).
255:(James I of England).
225:Elizabeth I of England
109:
98:
87:
44:
952:Anglo-Scottish border
792:Scandinavian Scotland
777:Lordship of the Isles
155:During this era, the
104:
93:
82:
52:Anglo-Scottish border
42:
32:Anglo-Scottish border
962:Henry III of England
744:Wars of Independence
424:. London: Constable.
253:James VI of Scotland
146:James VI of Scotland
125:appointed the first
114:Henry III of England
864: /
734:Davidian Revolution
123:Edward I of England
209:Berwick-upon-Tweed
199:Carlisle Cathedral
110:
99:
88:
45:
847:
846:
505:Early Middle Ages
16:(Redirected from
989:
879:
878:
876:
875:
874:
869:
868:55.183°N 2.683°W
865:
862:
861:
860:
857:
832:Related articles
729:Christianisation
527:
515:Late Middle Ages
510:High Middle Ages
486:
477:
470:
463:
454:
453:
449:
441:
425:
405:
392:
386:
381:
375:
374:
356:
350:
349:
347:
345:
328:
322:
312:
306:
305:
303:
301:
286:
270:March Pursuivant
203:Sir Walter Scott
175:
169:
162:protection money
106:Lochmaben Castle
60:Early Modern era
56:Late Middle Ages
48:Scottish Marches
21:
18:Scottish marches
997:
996:
992:
991:
990:
988:
987:
986:
882:
881:
872:
870:
866:
863:
858:
855:
853:
851:
850:
848:
843:
827:
796:
765:
717:
614:
528:
519:
488:
484:
481:
432:
430:Further reading
414:
409:
408:
393:
389:
382:
378:
371:
357:
353:
343:
341:
329:
325:
313:
309:
299:
297:
296:on 13 July 2012
288:
287:
283:
278:
261:
241:
233:trace italienne
150:Debatable Lands
84:Carlisle Castle
77:
72:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
995:
985:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
957:Border Reivers
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
873:55.183; -2.683
845:
844:
842:
841:
835:
833:
829:
828:
826:
825:
820:
815:
810:
804:
802:
798:
797:
795:
794:
789:
784:
779:
773:
771:
767:
766:
764:
763:
758:
757:
756:
751:
741:
736:
731:
725:
723:
719:
718:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
659:
658:
653:
643:
638:
633:
628:
622:
620:
616:
615:
613:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
536:
534:
530:
529:
522:
520:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
496:
494:
490:
489:
480:
479:
472:
465:
457:
451:
450:
431:
428:
427:
426:
413:
410:
407:
406:
387:
376:
369:
351:
323:
307:
280:
279:
277:
274:
273:
272:
267:
260:
257:
249:personal union
240:
237:
229:fortifications
157:Border Reivers
142:personal union
95:Alnwick Castle
76:
73:
71:
68:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
994:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
887:
880:
877:
840:
837:
836:
834:
830:
824:
823:Privy Council
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
803:
799:
793:
790:
788:
787:The Old North
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
772:
768:
762:
759:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
724:
720:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
621:
617:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
535:
531:
526:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
495:
491:
487:
478:
473:
471:
466:
464:
459:
458:
455:
447:
446:
440:
434:
433:
423:
422:
416:
415:
403:
399:(Translated:
398:
391:
385:
380:
372:
366:
362:
355:
340:
339:
334:
327:
320:
316:
311:
295:
291:
285:
281:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
256:
254:
250:
246:
245:Middle Shires
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
183:
181:
180:
174:
168:
163:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:. Before the
135:
130:
128:
124:
119:
115:
107:
103:
96:
92:
85:
81:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
849:
801:Institutions
781:
626:Architecture
533:Early Realms
443:
420:
400:
395:
390:
379:
360:
354:
342:. Retrieved
336:
326:
319:190–192, 229
310:
298:. Retrieved
294:the original
284:
242:
239:17th century
207:
192:
184:
177:
154:
140:, under the
131:
111:
47:
46:
36:
871: /
761:Renaissance
739:Great Cause
651:Agriculture
610:Strathclyde
317:, pp.
300:18 December
213:River Tweed
54:during the
886:Categories
818:Parliament
688:Literature
673:Government
641:Demography
412:References
402:thereof...
397:thairof...
370:0748610731
315:Pease 1912
195:peel tower
668:Geography
663:Education
636:Childhood
565:Dál Riata
500:Sub-Roman
265:March law
221:Newcastle
217:Edinburgh
188:March law
179:blackmail
167:black mal
698:Religion
683:Language
678:Identity
605:Scotland
580:Gododdin
575:Galloway
550:Bernicia
545:Bamburgh
344:23 April
259:See also
219:than to
58:and the
856:55°11′N
782:Marches
708:Warfare
703:Society
646:Economy
570:Fortriu
75:Origins
70:History
859:2°41′W
770:Places
754:Second
722:Events
619:Topics
600:Rhinns
595:Orkney
367:
338:Snopes
808:Court
749:First
713:Women
693:Music
656:Trade
590:Moray
585:Isles
276:Notes
134:clans
540:Alba
493:Eras
365:ISBN
346:2012
302:2011
116:and
813:Law
631:Art
555:Cat
173:mal
888::
560:Cé
442:.
335:.
205:.
66:.
476:e
469:t
462:v
404:)
373:.
348:.
321:.
304:.
231:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
