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1561:. Most western historians note that it appears to have fared poorly as he did not achieve his goals, even though what exactly happened is unknown. The two leaders ultimately reached an agreement, and through a treaty sealed in 303 BC, Seleucus abandoned the territories he could never securely hold in exchange for stabilizing the East and obtaining elephants, with which he could turn his attention against his great western rival, Antigonus Monophthalmus. The 500 war elephants Seleucus obtained from Chandragupta were to play a key role in the forthcoming battles, particularly at Ipsus against Antigonus and Demetrius. The Maurya king might have married the daughter of Seleucus. According to Strabo, the ceded territories bordered the Indus:
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1985:. Demetrius invaded and easily conquered Cilicia in 286 BC, which meant that Demetrius was now threatening the most important regions of Seleucus' empire in Syria. Demetrius' troops, however, were tired and had not received their payment. Seleucus, on the other hand, was known as a cunning and rich leader who had earned the adoration of his soldiers. Seleucus blocked the roads leading south from Cilicia and urged Demetrius' troops to join his side. Simultaneously he tried to evade battle with Demetrius. Finally, Seleucus addressed Demetrius personally. He showed himself in front of the soldiers and removed his helmet, revealing his identity. Demetrius' troops now started to abandon their leader
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1172:. Ptolemy gave Seleucus 800 infantry and 200 cavalry. He also had his friends accompanying him, perhaps the same 50 who escaped with him from Babylon. On the way to Babylon Seleucus recruited more soldiers from the colonies along the route. He finally had about 3,000 soldiers. In Babylon, Peithon's commander, Diphilus, barricaded himself in the city's fortress. Seleucus conquered Babylon with great speed and the fortress was also quickly captured. Seleucus' friends who had stayed in Babylon were released from captivity. His return to Babylon was afterwards officially regarded as the beginning of the
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1120:, and the others would soon have to face him. Ptolemy, Lysimachus and Cassander formed a coalition against Antigonus. The allies sent a proposition to Antigonus in which they demanded shares of his accumulated treasure and of his territory, with Phoenica and Syria going to Ptolemy, Cappadocia and Lycia to Cassander, Hellespontine Phrygia to Lysimachus, and Babylonia to Seleucus. Antigonus refused, and in the spring of 314 BC, he marched against Ptolemy in Syria. Seleucus acted as an admiral to Ptolemy during the first phase of the war. Antigonus was besieging
51:
1365:. Polyaenus reports that the troops of Seleucus and Antigonus fought for a whole day, but when night came the battle was still undecided. The two forces agreed to rest for the night and continue in the morning. Antigonus' troops slept without their equipment. Seleucus ordered his forces to sleep and eat breakfast in battle formation. Shortly before dawn, Seleucus' troops attacked the forces of Antigonus, who were still without their weapons and in disarray and thus easily defeated. The historical accuracy of the story is questionable.
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Persia. In the summer of 315 BC Antigonus arrived in
Babylon and was warmly welcomed by Seleucus. The relationship between the two soon turned cold, however. Seleucus punished one of Antigonus' officers without asking permission from Antigonus. Antigonus became angry and demanded that Seleucus give him the income from the province, which Seleucus refused to do. He was, however, afraid of Antigonus and fled to Egypt with 50 horsemen. It is told that
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cities, swamps, canals and rivers. Demetrius' troops started to besiege the fortresses of
Babylon and conquered one of them. The second fortress proved more difficult for Demetrius. He left his friend Archelaus to continue the siege, and himself returned west leaving 5,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry in Babylon. Ancient sources do not mention what happened to these troops. Perhaps Seleucus had to reconquer Babylon from Archelaus.
1232:, was allied with him. It was obvious that Seleucus' small force could not defeat the two in battle. Seleucus hid his armies in the marshes that surrounded the area where Nicanor was planning to cross the Tigris and made a surprise attack during the night. Evagoras fell in the beginning of the battle and Nicanor was cut off from his forces. The news about the death of Evagoras spread among the soldiers, who started to surrender
2157:. The road system and fortifications only seem to have been constructed in 150 CE. The small community, living around the base of the citadel, with small plots of land for each soldier in the surrounding countryside, is unlikely to have had much royal attention in this early period, but the legend surrounding Seleucus I Nicator as a city founder seems to have lead later inhabitants to attach his name to their settlement.
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1009:, but had to retreat when Antigonus reached the city. The situation was difficult for Seleucus. Eumenes and his army were north of Babylon; Antigonus was following him with an even larger army; Peithon was in Media and his opponents in Susiana. Antigenes, satrap of Susiana and commander of the Argyraspides, was allied with Eumenes. Antigenes was in Cilicia when the war between him and Peithon began.
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1350:. Antigonus had devastated their lands while fighting Eumenes. Seleucus perhaps recruited a portion of Archelaus' troops. When Antigonus finally invaded Babylon, Seleucus' army was much bigger than before. Many of his soldiers certainly hated Antigonus. The population of Babylon was also hostile. Seleucus, thus, did not need to garrison the area to keep the locals from revolting.
1422:
1392:. The city was built on the shore of the Tigris probably in 307 or 305 BC. Seleucus made Seleucia his new capital, thus imitating Lysimachus, Cassander and Antigonus, all of whom had named cities after themselves. Seleucus also transferred the mint of Babylon to his new city. Babylon was soon left in the shadow of Seleucia, and the story goes that
602:, was reportedly a very large and powerful man. Appian wrote of an incident in which a wild bull that was about to be sacrificed by Alexander broke free of its bounds, and Seleucus managed to restrain the animal just with his bare hands. This was apparently the reason for the bull horns often depicted in the coins he later minted as a sovereign.
3052:"And Theophrastus says that some contrivances are of wondrous efficacy in such matters . And Phylarchus confirms him, by reference to some of the presents which Sandrakottus, the king of the Indians, sent to Seleucus; which were to act like charms in producing a wonderful degree of affection, while some, on the contrary, were to banish love"
1534:. This established Mauryan control to the banks of the Indus. Chandragupta's victories convinced Seleucus that he needed to secure his eastern flank. Seeking to hold the Macedonian territories there, Seleucus thus came into conflict with the emerging and expanding Mauryan Empire over the Indus Valley.
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in Syria, for instance, uncovered a cult relief from a temple showing
Seleucus, as the founder of the city, crowning the Gad of Dura. Clearer evidence that the city considered Seleucus to be its founder come from a fragmentary papyrus document, P. Dura 32, which designates Dura-Europos as "the colony
1922:
Seleucus, however, did not manage to enlarge his kingdom to the west. The main reason was that he did not have enough Greek troops. During the battle of Ipsus, he had less infantry than
Lysimachus. His strength was in his war elephants and in traditional Persian cavalry. In order to enlarge his army,
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A story of the founding of the city goes as follows: Seleucus asked the
Babylonian priests which day would be best to found the city. The priest calculated the day, but, wanting the founding to fail, told Seleucus a different date. The plot failed however, because when the correct day came, Seleucus'
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In 311 BC Antigonus made peace with
Cassander, Lysimachus and Ptolemy, which gave him an opportunity to deal with Seleucus. Antigonus' army had at least 80,000 soldiers. Even if he left half of his troops in the west, he would still have a numerical advantage over Seleucus. Seleucus may have received
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to defend the city. Babylon was defended in an unusual way. It had two strong fortresses, in which
Seleucus had left his garrisons. The inhabitants of the city were transferred out and settled in the neighbouring areas, some as far as Susa. The surroundings of Babylon were excellent for defence, with
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Seleucus apparently minted coins during his stay in India, as several coins in his name are in the Indian standard and have been excavated in India. These coins describe him as "Basileus" ("King"), which implies a date later than 306 BC. Some of them also mention
Seleucus in association with his son
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Some authors say that the argument relating to
Seleucus handing over more of what is now southern Afghanistan is an exaggeration originating in a statement by Pliny the Elder referring not specifically to the lands received by Chandragupta, but rather to the various opinions of geographers regarding
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Little information is available about the conflict between
Antigonus and Seleucus; only a very rudimentary Babylonian chronicle detailing the events of the war remains. The description of the year 310 BC has completely disappeared. It seems that Antigonus conquered Babylon. His plans were disturbed,
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Seleucus spread different stories among the provinces and the soldiers. According to one of them, he had in a dream seen Alexander standing beside him. Eumenes had tried to use a similar propaganda trick. Antigonus, who had been in Asia Minor while Seleucus had been in the east with Alexander, could
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Peithon arrived at Babylon in the autumn or winter of 317 BC. Peithon had lost a large number of troops, but Seleucus had even fewer soldiers. Eumenes decided to march to Susa in the spring of 316 BC. The satraps in Susa had apparently accepted Eumenes' claims of his fighting on behalf of the lawful
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Antigonus sent his son Demetrius along with 15,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry to reconquer Babylon. Apparently, he gave Demetrius a time limit, after which he had to return to Syria. Antigonus believed Seleucus was still ruling only Babylon. Perhaps Nicanor had not told him that Seleucus now had at
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always lying in wait for the neighboring nations, strong in arms and persuasive in council, he acquired Mesopotamia, Armenia, 'Seleucid' Cappadocia, Persis, Parthia, Bactria, Arabia, Tapouria, Sogdia, Arachosia, Hyrcania, and other adjacent peoples that had been subdued by Alexander, as far as the
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Even though Seleucus now had about 20,000 soldiers, they were not enough to withstand the forces of Antigonus. He also did not know when Antigonus would begin his counterattack. On the other hand, he knew that at least two eastern provinces did not have a satrap. A great majority of his own troops
1004:
After the death of Antipater in 319 BC, the satrap of Media began to expand his power. Peithon assembled a large army of perhaps over 20,000 soldiers. Under the leadership of Peucestas the other satraps of the region brought together an opposing army of their own. Peithon was finally defeated in a
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as his successor. During his invasion of Egypt, Perdiccas sent Docimus along with his detachments to Babylon. Archon waged war against him, but fell in battle. Thus, Docimus was not intending to give Babylon to Seleucus without a fight. It is not certain how Seleucus took Babylon from Docimus, but
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waged war against each other. Just like Peithon and Seleucus, Eumenes was one of the former supporters of Perdiccas. Seleucus' biggest problem was, however, Babylon itself. The locals had rebelled against Archon and supported Docimus. The Babylonian priesthood had great influence over the region.
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Seleucus now held the whole of Alexander's conquests except Egypt and moved to take possession of Macedonia and Thrace. He intended to leave Asia to Antiochus and content himself for the remainder of his days with the Macedonian kingdom in its old limits. He had, however, hardly crossed into the
1408:
The struggle among the Diadochi reached its climax when Antigonus, after the extinction of the old royal line of Macedonia, proclaimed himself king in 306 BC. Ptolemy, Lysimachus, Cassander and Seleucus, the other four principal Macedonian chiefs, soon followed and assumed the title and style of
1058:
Antigonus spent the winter of 316 BC in Media, whose ruler was once again Peithon. Peithon's lust for power had grown, and he tried to get a portion of Antigonus' troops to revolt to his side. Antigonus, however, discovered the plot and executed Peithon. He then superseded Peucestas as satrap of
614:
as a gift to Laodice. Seleucus had a birthmark shaped like an anchor. It was told that Seleucus' sons and grandsons also had similar birthmarks. The story is similar to the one told about Alexander. Most likely the story is propaganda invented to present Seleucus as the natural successor of
499:
Seleucus' victories against Antigonus and Lysimachus left the Seleucid dynasty virtually unopposed amongst the Diadochi. However, Seleucus also hoped to take control of Lysimachus' European territories, primarily Thrace and Macedon itself. But upon arriving in Thrace in 281 BC, Seleucus was
1575:
The geographical position of the tribes is as follows: along the Indus are the Paropamisadae, above whom lies the Paropamisus mountain: then, towards the south, the Arachoti: then next, towards the south, the Gedroseni, with the other tribes that occupy the seaboard; and the Indus lies,
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In the spring of 316 BC, Seleucus and Peithon joined Antigonus, who was following Eumenes to Susa. From Susa Antigonus went to Media, from where he could threaten the eastern provinces. He left Seleucus with a small number of troops to prevent Eumenes from reaching the Mediterranean.
1128:, which had a strategic location and a navy capable of preventing the allies from combining their forces. Because of the threat of Rhodes, Ptolemy gave Seleucus a hundred ships and sent him to the Aegean Sea. The fleet was too small to defeat Rhodes, but it was big enough to force
767:
was blown off his head and landed on some reeds near the tombs of Assyrian kings. Seleucus swam to fetch the diadem back, placing it on his own head while returning to the boat to keep it dry. The validity of the story is dubious. In the second, he took part in the dinner party of
2055:
Few of the letters Seleucus sent to different cities and temples still exist. All cities in Asia Minor sent embassies to their new ruler. It is reported that Seleucus complained about the number of letters he received and was forced to read. He was apparently a popular ruler. In
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of the Argyraspides to join him, but this did not happen. Seleucus also sent messages to Antigonus. Because of his lack of troops, Seleucus apparently had no plans to actually stop Eumenes. He opened the flood barriers of the river, but the resulting flood did not stop Eumenes.
970:
according to one Babylonian chronicle an important building was destroyed in the city during the summer or winter of 320 BC. Other Babylonian sources state that Seleucus arrived in Babylon in October or November 320 BC. Despite the presumed battle, Docimus was able to escape.
1275:, who had remained neutral during the conflicts. After the defeat of Nikanor's army, there was no force in the east that could have opposed Seleucus. It is uncertain how Seleucus arranged the administration of the provinces he had conquered. Most satraps had died. In theory,
1576:
latitudinally, alongside all these places; and of these places, in part, some that lie along the Indus are held by Indians, although they formerly belonged to the Persians. Alexander took these away from the Arians and established settlements of his own, but
957:
and Peithon of Media. Babylon was one of the wealthiest provinces of the empire, but its military power was insignificant. It is possible that Antipater divided the eastern provinces so that no single satrap could rise above the others in power.
1304:
least 20,000 soldiers. It seems that the scale of Nicanor's defeat was not clear to all parties. Antigonus did not know Seleucus had conquered the majority of the eastern provinces and perhaps cared little about the eastern parts of the empire.
475:
annexing the eastern satrapies. Additionally, a marriage alliance was formed, with Chandragupta marrying a daughter of Seleucus, according to Strabo and Appian. Furthermore, the Seleucid Empire received a considerable military force of 500
1148:
along with 10,000 mercenaries and 100 ships. Seleucus and Menelaos began to besiege Kition. Antigonus sent most of his fleet to the Aegean Sea and his army to Asia Minor. Ptolemy now had an opportunity to invade Syria, where he defeated
1978:. Seleucus reportedly instigated the marriage after discovering that his son was in danger of dying of love sickness. Seleucus was thus able to get Stratonice out of the way, as her father Demetrius had now become king of Macedonia.
2116:
It appears certain that after taking Macedonia and Thracia, Seleucus would have tried to conquer Greece. He had already prepared this campaign using the numerous gifts presented to him. He was also nominated an honorary citizen of
2039:
Before his death, Seleucus tried to deal with the administration of Asia Minor. The region was ethnically diverse, consisting of Greek cities, a Persian aristocracy and indigenous peoples. Seleucus perhaps tried to defeat
605:
A number of legends, similar to those told of Alexander the Great, were told of Seleucus. It was said Antiochus told his son before he left to battle the Persians with Alexander that his real father was actually the god
1279:
was still the lawful successor of Antipater and the official regent of the Macedonian kingdom. It was his duty to select the satraps. However, Polyperchon was still allied with Antigonus and thus an enemy of Seleucus.
1487:("Successors") split his empire apart; as his generals fought for control of Alexander's empire. In the eastern territories, Seleucus I Nicator took control of Alexander's conquests. According to the Roman historian
1071:. Antigonus executed Blitor, the new satrap of Mesopotamia, for helping Seleucus. Modern scholars are skeptical of the prophecy story. It seems certain, however, that the Babylonian priesthood was against Seleucus.
1240:
were from these provinces. Some of Evagoras' troops were Persian. Perhaps a portion of the troops were Eumenes' soldiers, who had a reason to hate Antigonus. Seleucus decided to take advantage of this situation.
508:. The assassination of Seleucus destroyed Seleucid prospects in Thrace and Macedon, and paved the way for Ptolemy Ceraunus to absorb much of Lysimachus' former power in Macedon. Seleucus was succeeded by his son
2124:
Antiochus founded the cult of his father. A cult of personality formed around the later members of the Seleucid dynasty and Seleucus was later worshipped as a son of Zeus Nikator. One inscription found in Ilium
2060:
he was celebrated as a liberator and a temple was built to honour him. According to a local custom, Seleucus was always offered an extra cup of wine during dinner time. His title during this period was Seleucus
1883:
The war elephants Seleucus received from Chandragupta proved to be useful when the Diadochi finally decided to deal with Antigonus. Cassander, Seleucus and Lysimachus defeated Antigonus and Demetrius in the
9196:
1042:, saw the situation as hopeless and returned to his own province. The armies of Eumenes and his allies were at breaking point. Antigonus and Eumenes had two encounters during 316 BC, in the battles of
564:
invaded the region. Philip defeated the invaders and only a few years later utterly subdued them under Macedonian rule. Seleucus' year of birth is unclear. Justin claims he was 77 years old during the
693:. It is unknown the extent in which Seleucus participated in the actual planning of the battle, as he is not mentioned as holding any major independent position during the battle. This contrasts with
1950:
It is said of Seleucus that "few princes have ever lived with so great a passion for the building of cities. He is reputed to have built in all nine Seleucias, sixteen Antiochs, and six Laodiceas".
1063:
astrologers prophesied to Antigonus that Seleucus would become master of Asia and would kill Antigonus. After hearing this, Antigonus sent soldiers after Seleucus, who had however first escaped to
776:
shortly before Alexander's death in the hope that his health might improve. The validity of this story is also questionable, as the Graeco-Egyptian Serapis had not yet been invented at the time.
2840:
Certain areas in the north-west were acquired through the treaty with Seleucus... It has been suggested that the territory ceded consisted of Gedrosia, Arachosia, Aria, and the Paropamisadae.
1831:
Antiochus as king, which would also imply a date as late as 293 BC. No Seleucid coins were struck in India thereafter and confirm the reversal of territory west of the Indus to Chandragupta.
1668:
thus forming the extreme boundary of India. According to other writers, however, all these territories, are reckoned as belonging to the country of the Aria. — Pliny, Natural History VI, 23
2149:
of the Europeans of Seleucs Nicator". The sparse archaeological remains from the Hellenistic period of the site, however, indicate that the site began life as a small garrison settlement (a
5284:
772:
with Alexander. The story of the dinner party of Medeios may be true, but the plot to poison the King is unlikely. In the final story, Seleucus reportedly slept in the temple of the god
941:, however, prevented this. For betraying Perdiccas, Seleucus was awarded the rich province of Babylon. This decision may have been Antigonus' idea. Seleucus' Babylon was surrounded by
1368:
The Babylonian war finally ended in Seleucus' victory. Antigonus was forced to retreat west. Both sides fortified their borders. Antigonus built a series of fortresses along the
1050:. Eumenes was defeated and executed. The events of the Second War of the Diadochi revealed Seleucus' ability to wait for the right moment. Blazing into battle was not his style.
1244:
not use Alexander in his own propaganda. Seleucus, being Macedonian, had the ability to gain the trust of the Macedonians among his troops, which was not the case with Eumenes.
1679:). Chandragupta or his son may have married a daughter of Seleucus, or perhaps there was diplomatic recognition of intermarriage between Indians and Greeks. As well, an Indian
1974:
as his co-ruler and viceroy of the eastern provinces in 292 BC, the vast extent of the empire seeming to require a double government. In 294 BC Stratonice married her stepson
544:'s generals, but no such general is mentioned in any other sources, and nothing is known of his supposed career under Philip. It is possible that Antiochus was a member of an
1947:
became his chief seat of government. The new Seleucia was supposed to become his new naval base and a gateway to the Mediterranean. Seleucus also founded six smaller cities.
1496:
river Indus, so that the boundaries of his empire were the most extensive in Asia after that of Alexander. The whole region from Phrygia to the Indus was subject to Seleucus.
1557:, had conquered the Indus valley and several other parts of the easternmost regions of Alexander's empire. Seleucus began a campaign against Chandragupta and crossed the
440:. Seleucus was only able to return to Babylon in 312 BC with the support of Ptolemy. From 312 BC, Seleucus ruthlessly expanded his dominions and eventually conquered the
1396:, the son of Seleucus, moved the whole population of Babylon to his father's namesake capital in 275 BC. The city flourished until AD 165, when the Romans destroyed it.
759:
Ancient sources report several anecdotes about Seleucus' activities during the life of Alexander. In the first of these episodes, he participated in a sailing trip near
1112:
After arriving in Egypt, Seleucus sent his friends to Greece to inform his fellow Diadochi Cassander (ruler of Macedon and overlord of Greece) and Lysimachus (ruler of
1094:, still a young child, and his mother Roxane were held guarded at Amphipolis and died under mysterious circumstances in 310 BC, probably murdered at the instigation of
821:
became the regent of all of Alexander's empire, while Alexander's physically and mentally disabled half-brother Arrhidaeus was chosen as the next king under the name
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845:, which made him the senior officer in the Royal Army after the regent and commander-in-chief Perdiccas. Several other powerful men supported Perdiccas, including
1334:
Over the course of nine years (311–302 BC), while Antigonus was occupied in the west, Seleucus brought the whole eastern part of Alexander's empire as far as the
1005:
battle waged in Parthia. He escaped to Media, but his opponents did not follow him and rather returned to Susiana. Meanwhile, Eumenes and his army had arrived at
1888:. Antigonus fell in battle, but Demetrius escaped. After the battle, Syria was placed under Seleucus' rule. He understood Syria to encompass the region from the
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1992:
Lysimachus and Ptolemy had supported Seleucus against Demetrius, but after the latter's defeat the alliance started to break apart. Lysimachus ruled Macedonia,
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The two rulers seem to have been on very good terms, as classical sources have recorded that following their treaty, Chandragupta sent various presents such as
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while several other Macedonians married Persian women. After Alexander's death (323 BC), when the other senior Macedonian officers unloaded their "Susa wives"
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Babylon also had a sizeable population of Macedonian and Greek veterans of Alexander's army. Seleucus won over the priests with monetary gifts and bribes.
2031:, 281 BC. Lysimachus fell in battle. In addition, Ptolemy had died a few years earlier. Seleucus was thus now the only living contemporary of Alexander.
1161:, whom Antigonus had nominated as the new satrap of Babylon, fell in the battle. The death of Peithon gave Seleucus an opportunity to return to Babylon.
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Seleucus soon turned his attention once again eastward. The Persian provinces in what is now modern Afghanistan, together with the wealthy kingdom of
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1604:. On the other hand, he was accepted by other satraps of the eastern provinces. His Persian wife, Apama, may have helped him implement his rule in
1247:
After becoming once again satrap of Babylon, Seleucus became much more aggressive in his politics. In a short time he conquered Media and Susiana.
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were constantly under Alexander's eye and at his disposal. They later participated in the Indus Valley campaign, in the battles fought against the
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1867:: Portrait of male figure (probably Seleucus, but possibly Alexander or Dionysus), wearing a leopard-skin helmet, with a bull's ear and horns.
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in order to drive Cassander out. She held great respect among the Macedonian army but lost some of this when she had Philip III and his wife
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2023:(285 BC), had at first taken refuge with Lysimachus and then with Seleucus. Seleucus then invaded Asia Minor and defeated his rival in the
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833:" however, Perdiccas effectively divided the enormous Macedonian dominion among Alexander's generals. Seleucus was chosen to command the
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625:, who had sons called Nicanor and Nicomedes. It is most likely the sons are fictitious. Didymeia might refer to the oracle of Apollo in
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591:). It was customary for all male offspring of noble families to first serve in this position and later as officers in the king's army.
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1612:. This would tend to be corroborated archaeologically, as concrete indications of Mauryan influence, such as the inscriptions of the
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Nevertheless, it is usually considered today that Arachosia and the other three regions did become dominions of the Mauryan Empire.
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beginning in late in 327 BC, he had risen to the command of the elite infantry corps in the Macedonian army, the "Shield-bearers" (
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222:
3019:. Original Sanskrit of the first two verses: "Chandragupta Sutah Paursadhipateh Sutam. Suluvasya Tathodwahya Yavani Baudhtatapar".
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or Silver-Shields, an elite Macedonian infantry unit. After the death of Alexander in June 323 BC, Seleucus initially supported
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and so to the mouth of the Ganges where he falleth into the sea 638 miles. — Pliny the Elder, Natural history, Book 6, Chap 21
1124:, when Seleucus sailed past him and went on to threaten the coast of Syria and Asia Minor. Antigonus allied with the island of
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336:. Initially a secondary player in the power struggles following Alexander's death, Seleucus rose to become the total ruler of
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3301:
2792:
2566:
919:
756:, Seleucus was one of the very few who kept his wife, and Apama remained his consort (later Queen) for the rest of her life.
5238:
5233:
11472:
3667:
1537:
In the year 306 BC, Seleucus I Nicator went to India and apparently occupied territory as far as the Indus, and eventually
861:. Perdiccas' power depended on his ability to hold Alexander's enormous empire together, and on whether he could force the
5286:
3003:. The paragraph of the Pratisarga Parva mentioning this marriage is: "Chandragupta married with a daughter of Suluva, the
2052:
independently. On the other hand, based on their names, Seleucus apparently founded a number of new cities in Asia Minor.
11432:
11427:
9617:
7112:
6964:
6821:
1648:
Most geographers, in fact, do not look upon India as bounded by the river Indus, but add to it the four satrapies of the
745:
196:
10287:
7966:
5209:
880:
began when Perdiccas sent Alexander's corpse to Macedonia for burial. Ptolemy however captured the body and took it to
3538:
2882:
2144:
Seleucus’ reputation as a founder of cities also seems to have persisted after his death. Excavations at the site of
657:
In spring 334 BC, as a young man of about twenty-three, Seleucus accompanied Alexander into Asia. By the time of the
552:, but nothing else is known of her. Later, Seleucus named a number of cities after his parents. Seleucus was born in
8633:
5296:
5318:
3768:
2065:("saviour"). When Seleucus left for Europe, the organizational rearrangement of Asia Minor had not been completed.
17:
973:
Meanwhile, the empire was once again in turmoil. Peithon, the satrap of Media, assassinated Philip, the satrap of
937:
At Triparadisos the soldiers had become mutinous and were planning to murder their master Antipater. Seleucus and
55:
Bust of Seleucus I Nicator, Roman artwork of the Imperial era made in a Syrian workshop after a Hellenistic model.
10281:
5293:
5271:
5252:
5243:
2133:, the ancestor of Antiochus' family. Several anecdotes of Seleucus' life became popular in the classical world.
453:
10354:
9901:
9825:
5274:
4892:
4784:
2012:
2001:
658:
5269:
5261:
5246:
4973:
1357:
We do know that Seleucus defeated Antigonus in at least one decisive battle. This battle is only mentioned in
432:. But almost immediately, the wars between the Diadochi resumed and one of the most powerful of the Diadochi,
11462:
11206:
11186:
10468:
10375:
10360:
10198:
10068:
9869:
9568:
9253:
6637:
5250:
5033:
5019:
4887:
4872:
4027:
1909:
1453:
mint. Obverse shows Seleucus wearing helmet covered with leopard skin and bull's horn and ear. Reverse shows
1144:, a nephew of Antigonus, attacked Asander. Seleucus returned to Cyprus, where Ptolemy I had sent his brother
11007:
10816:
10792:
10192:
9172:
5292:
5290:
5267:
5259:
5258:
5177:
4882:
4867:
4842:
4819:
4799:
3210:
1913:
1519:
200:
5273:
5272:
5264:
5255:
3087:
2859:
1847:
930:. Perdiccas' opponents gathered in Triparadisos, where the empire of Alexander was partitioned again (the
11407:
10429:
9468:
9267:
8814:
8808:
7055:
6411:
6148:
5775:
5501:
5081:
5066:
4877:
4862:
4847:
4832:
4789:
4761:
3972:
3761:
3105:
1086:
killed as well as many nobles whom she took revenge upon for supporting Antipater during his long reign.
557:
119:
5275:
3232:
3120:
Marest-Caffey, L. (2016). "Seleukos I's Victory Coinage of Susa Revisited: A Die Study and Commentary".
1764:, the farthest extent of Alexander's conquests were discovered and surveyed by Seleucus Nicator: namely
1445:
884:. Perdiccas and his troops followed him to Egypt, whereupon Ptolemy conspired with the satrap of Media,
11492:
11467:
11056:
10912:
10675:
10366:
10176:
9522:
9184:
9152:
9146:
7353:
6176:
4897:
4852:
4827:
4804:
4774:
4595:
3219:
2984:
2698:
2333:
2185:
1958:
1074:
During Seleucus' escape to Egypt, Macedonia was undergoing great turmoil. Alexander the Great's mother
999:
11193:
10801:
10687:
10669:
10519:
10181:
10045:
9746:
9561:
8458:
6122:
6034:
5805:
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3877:
2015:
gave Seleucus an opportunity to remove his last rival. His intervention in the west was solicited by
1198:
1107:
982:
938:
877:
634:
595:
572:
tells us Seleucus was 73 years old during the battle, which means 354 BC would be the year of birth.
512:
as ruler of the Seleucid Empire. Seleucus founded a number of new cities during his reign, including
433:
421:
5247:
5242:
3521:
1400:
soldiers spontaneously started building the city. When questioned, the priests admitted their deed.
11179:
10824:
10821:
10744:
10714:
10657:
10643:
10049:
9033:
8771:
8188:
7972:
6815:
5417:
5300:
5124:
5056:
5042:
5037:
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5014:
5000:
4990:
4857:
4779:
4707:
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4525:
4238:
3393:
3016:
1584:, upon terms of intermarriage and of receiving in exchange five hundred elephants. — Strabo 15.2.9
1568:
1538:
1466:
1457:, holding in both hands a wreath that she places on trophy. Greek legend reads: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣEΛEYKOY,
468:
9026:
5297:
5295:
2319:
1164:
Seleucus had prepared his return to Babylon well. After the battle of Gaza Demetrius retreated to
11412:
10839:
10767:
10741:
10717:
10711:
10696:
10608:
10544:
10509:
10453:
10402:
9975:
8452:
8233:
7978:
7286:
6744:
5104:
5071:
5024:
5010:
4902:
4769:
4716:
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4007:
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3735:
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1531:
1154:
1145:
1091:
826:
212:
83:
5299:
11482:
11417:
11002:
10992:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10732:
10723:
10666:
10646:
10640:
10634:
10631:
10622:
10550:
10547:
10538:
10438:
10417:
10031:
9805:
9737:
9647:
9391:
9385:
8866:
8321:
8180:
7745:
7526:
7066:
7040:
7000:
6643:
6416:
5405:
5294:
5202:
5139:
5005:
4837:
4726:
4721:
4687:
4644:
4613:
4485:
4410:
4347:
4324:
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4228:
4218:
4213:
4198:
4138:
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3053:
1932:
1308:
1158:
1150:
1083:
931:
686:
599:
11313:
7619:
6648:
5187:
1919:
The fleet of Demetrius destroyed Ptolemy's fleet and thus Seleucus did not need to fight him.
1549:. Only a few sources mention his activities in India. Chandragupta (known in Greek sources as
11362:
Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History
11283:
11246:
11168:
11045:
10705:
10681:
10637:
10625:
10619:
10616:
10571:
10565:
10541:
10506:
10462:
10450:
10447:
10444:
10432:
10426:
10414:
10408:
10227:
10137:
10134:
10125:
9688:
7765:
6059:
5795:
5626:
5165:
5160:
5144:
5114:
4980:
4746:
4702:
4639:
4435:
4425:
4372:
4367:
4223:
4203:
4193:
4188:
4173:
4163:
4123:
4002:
3997:
3977:
3967:
3951:
3946:
3811:
3411:
3261:
3205:
3000:
2302:
1511:
1043:
965:
was chosen satrap of Babylon. Perdiccas, however, had plans to supersede Archon and nominate
822:
580:. This is most likely propaganda on Seleucus' part to make him seem comparable to Alexander.
576:, however, mentions the age of 75, and thus the year 356 BC, making Seleucus the same age as
560:. Just a year before his birth (if the year 358 BC is accepted as the most likely date), the
11360:
11212:
7025:
5279:
2271:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
2189:
1710:
In addition to this matrimonial recognition or alliance, Seleucus dispatched an ambassador,
154:
10613:
10562:
10471:
10465:
10435:
10037:
9990:
9978:
9802:
9743:
9367:
9261:
9084:
8611:
7759:
7280:
6697:
6230:
6209:
6054:
5914:
5877:
5843:
5663:
5616:
5487:
5353:
5150:
5129:
4932:
4751:
4603:
4178:
4158:
4075:
4065:
4032:
3982:
3887:
3859:
3839:
3801:
2870:
2208:
2024:
1484:
873:
830:
573:
565:
549:
541:
493:
397:
393:
232:
10074:
5310:
1755:(276–194 BC), incorporating information from the campaigns of Alexander and his successors
1236:. Almost all of them agreed to fight under Seleucus. Nicanor escaped with only a few men.
8:
11118:
10973:
10678:
10628:
10553:
10503:
10456:
10441:
10420:
10119:
10105:
9993:
9926:
9749:
9640:
9582:
9346:
9019:
8859:
8578:
8383:
8200:
8013:
7329:
6540:
6245:
6112:
5934:
5683:
5399:
5341:
5099:
5051:
5046:
4937:
4741:
4634:
4628:
4490:
4208:
4143:
4085:
4012:
3992:
3956:
3902:
3897:
3806:
3577:
3421:
3140:
2894:
2110:
2102:
2020:
1905:
1696:
1546:
1518:
The Mauryans then annexed the areas around the Indus governed by the four Greek satraps:
1480:
1293:
950:
895:
577:
553:
464:
417:
325:
321:
177:
141:
115:
817:
Alexander the Great died without a successor in Babylon on June 10, 323 BC. His general
11344:
11158:
11035:
10596:
10535:
10057:
10021:
9934:
9915:
9811:
9808:
9761:
9727:
9724:
9679:
9370:
9355:
9340:
9016:
9013:
9004:
8763:
7938:
7666:
6939:
6792:
6709:
6512:
6092:
6074:
6044:
5572:
5119:
4550:
4402:
4113:
4070:
3907:
3826:
3784:
3509:
2999:
Foreign Influence on Ancient India, Krishna Chandra Sagar, Northern Book Centre, 1992,
2988:
2935:
2094:
1989:. Demetrius was finally imprisoned in Apameia and died a few years later in captivity.
1897:
359:
9814:
2833:
1228:
of the eastern provinces. His army had about 17,000 soldiers. Evagoras, the satrap of
11366:
11319:
11289:
10582:
10556:
10532:
10514:
10314:
10235:
10143:
10012:
9984:
9799:
9767:
9758:
9700:
9697:
9694:
9682:
9670:
9585:
9506:
9358:
9352:
9319:
9313:
8884:
8757:
8621:
8443:
8169:
7768:
7762:
7570:
7538:
7083:
6292:
6204:
6166:
6029:
5833:
5582:
5361:
5195:
5155:
5134:
5089:
4736:
4664:
4510:
4148:
4108:
3923:
3869:
3854:
3745:
3638:
3619:
3600:
3581:
3553:
3534:
3486:
3467:
3448:
3425:
3397:
3297:
3248:
2927:
2878:
2788:
2193:
1975:
1928:
1923:
Seleucus tried to attract colonists from mainland Greece by founding four new cities—
1748:
1527:
1393:
1141:
1047:
978:
834:
769:
741:
584:
537:
385:
192:
187:
93:
8746:
3664:
3161:
1981:
The alliance between Seleucus and Demetrius ended in 294 BC when Seleucus conquered
1326:
1220:
Soon after Seleucus' return, the supporters of Antigonus tried to get Babylon back.
1136:, to ally with Ptolemy. To demonstrate his power, Seleucus also invaded the city of
50:
11242:
11154:
11100:
11031:
11018:
10997:
10962:
10811:
10599:
10568:
10423:
10399:
10167:
10164:
10158:
10113:
10006:
9987:
9981:
9937:
9920:
9764:
9755:
9752:
9676:
9673:
9511:
9396:
8983:
8073:
8007:
7995:
7688:
7235:
6525:
6181:
6117:
5853:
5673:
4912:
4731:
4382:
4266:
4168:
3961:
3936:
3685:
3083:
3015:
was born and ruled for the same number of years as his father. His son was Ashoka."
2570:
2106:
2016:
1889:
1872:
1815:
and Ganges, where both meet together, 225 miles, and many put thereto 13 miles more
1691:
1685:
1613:
1577:
1454:
1307:
When Demetrius arrived in Babylon, Seleucus was somewhere in the east. He had left
1248:
1221:
1165:
902:
mentions that Seleucus also took part in this conspiracy, but this is not certain.
714:
501:
333:
246:
6260:
3245:
744:, at least two legitimate daughters (Laodice and Apama) and possibly another son (
11163:
11149:
11124:
11077:
11040:
11026:
10850:
10699:
10652:
10559:
10524:
10396:
10391:
10319:
10293:
10149:
10024:
10018:
10003:
9996:
9950:
9940:
9773:
9718:
9712:
9709:
9655:
9603:
9439:
9373:
9361:
9349:
9337:
9322:
9301:
9220:
9124:
9121:
9095:
9010:
8989:
8977:
8944:
8938:
8908:
8830:
8640:
7992:
7947:
7901:
7895:
7885:
7675:
6775:
6753:
6520:
6196:
6156:
6024:
5924:
5918:
5867:
5699:
5693:
5606:
5465:
4608:
4565:
4500:
4460:
4276:
4153:
4095:
4060:
4052:
3931:
3671:
3658:
3571:
3415:
3389:
The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire
3387:
3094:
3061:
3011:. Thus, he mixed the Buddhists and the Yavanas. He ruled for 60 years. From him,
2897:(1919). "The Importance of Hellenism from the Point of View of Indic-Philology",
1924:
1893:
1885:
1876:
1737:
1523:
1173:
962:
899:
846:
796:
788:
678:
545:
485:
401:
367:
349:
329:
65:
11202:
6440:
1661:
471:(305–303 BC). The conflict was ultimately resolved by a treaty resulting in the
11061:
10605:
10498:
10387:
10340:
10301:
10244:
10146:
10082:
10000:
9959:
9953:
9943:
9931:
9715:
9703:
9691:
9611:
9500:
9454:
9364:
9334:
9298:
9162:
9007:
8986:
8980:
8971:
8923:
8893:
8875:
8850:
8838:
8750:
8607:
8478:
8329:
8191:
8185:
8088:
8080:
8016:
7989:
7953:
7786:
7553:
7550:
7451:
6859:
6624:
6530:
6507:
6399:
5972:
5713:
5447:
5386:
4985:
4555:
4495:
4183:
3793:
3616:
The Legend of Seleucus: Kingship, Narrative and Mythmaking in the Ancient World
3567:
3383:
3008:
2214:
1936:
1632:
1628:
1601:
1554:
1321:
1229:
784:
445:
363:
341:
279:
1251:
reports that Seleucus also conquered other nearby areas, which might refer to
748:). At the same event, Alexander married the daughter of the late Persian King
11401:
11356:
11279:
11264:
11136:
11068:
10948:
10593:
10590:
10343:
10337:
10297:
10253:
10161:
10122:
9956:
9895:
9796:
9793:
9721:
9706:
9667:
9664:
9607:
9546:
9428:
9134:
9127:
9104:
8998:
8992:
8956:
8878:
8834:
8791:
8583:
8481:
8475:
8433:
8332:
8135:
8097:
7870:
7756:
7670:
7480:
7431:
7186:
7170:
6863:
6789:
6750:
6724:
6718:
6679:
6620:
6591:
6316:
4953:
4942:
4440:
4430:
4387:
4352:
4080:
3200:
2931:
2291:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 603–604.
2282:
2272:
1940:
1675:
The alliance between Chandragupta and Seleucus was affirmed with a marriage (
1597:
1542:
1288:
1256:
1025:
and some smaller ships to stop the crossing. He also tried to get the former
725:
666:
472:
8218:
2231:
Boiy "The Reigns of the Seleucid Kings According the Babylonian King List."
1962:
Coin of Demetrius I Poliorcetes, with the Greek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ,
709:– each of whom had sizable detachments under their control. Seleucus' Royal
11309:
11106:
10984:
10918:
10836:
10827:
10758:
10684:
10587:
10331:
10232:
10155:
10009:
9965:
9845:
9770:
9730:
9661:
9658:
9652:
9591:
9543:
9531:
9445:
9422:
9415:
9331:
9325:
9295:
9107:
9079:
9061:
9052:
9001:
8794:
8788:
8782:
8687:
8657:
8463:
8375:
8272:
8209:
8157:
7986:
7711:
7646:
7636:
7547:
7498:
7383:
7363:
7359:
7144:
7008:
6868:
6848:
6801:
6760:
6547:
6502:
6351:
6336:
4995:
4958:
4922:
4575:
4560:
4475:
4415:
4377:
4357:
4342:
4017:
3157:
2145:
1835:
1752:
1588:
From this, it seems that Seleucus surrendered the easternmost provinces of
1581:
1476:
1373:
1369:
1177:
890:
670:
618:
477:
1726:). Only short extracts remain of Megasthenes' description of the journey.
1013:
ruling family against the usurper Antigonus. Eumenes marched his army 300
11121:
11112:
10967:
10921:
10906:
10897:
10891:
10833:
10735:
10693:
10663:
10660:
10602:
10459:
10411:
10322:
10241:
10238:
10221:
10131:
9946:
9889:
9886:
9883:
9858:
9848:
9836:
9685:
9626:
9579:
9555:
9549:
9540:
9534:
9479:
9442:
9425:
9409:
9343:
9328:
9316:
9304:
9275:
9242:
9239:
9101:
9076:
9073:
9067:
8974:
8935:
8932:
8920:
8905:
8902:
8890:
8797:
8785:
8776:
8725:
8719:
8669:
8666:
8654:
8651:
8587:
8564:
8547:
8533:
8524:
8294:
8223:
8213:
8065:
8050:
8044:
8028:
8025:
7928:
7907:
7817:
7780:
7703:
7544:
7334:
7259:
7254:
7247:
7217:
7203:
7166:
7016:
6925:
6840:
6810:
6796:
6565:
6551:
6496:
6431:
6361:
6331:
6107:
6014:
5898:
5861:
5647:
5600:
5441:
4535:
4530:
4470:
4455:
4392:
4337:
4314:
4309:
4284:
4022:
2078:
2045:
1971:
1856:
1819:
1730:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1665:
1339:
1276:
1079:
1064:
915:
698:
509:
345:
8287:
2939:
2915:
150:
11130:
11127:
11109:
11086:
11071:
11065:
10945:
10942:
10900:
10888:
10882:
10867:
10738:
10729:
10726:
10720:
10702:
10672:
10480:
10405:
10346:
10212:
10152:
10015:
9909:
9880:
9877:
9874:
9862:
9854:
9842:
9830:
9576:
9552:
9537:
9473:
9435:
9412:
9406:
9310:
9049:
8881:
8779:
8738:
8728:
8722:
8684:
8681:
8678:
8672:
8660:
8648:
8645:
8615:
8561:
8558:
8371:
8350:
8326:
8302:
8131:
8022:
8019:
8010:
8001:
7920:
7811:
7697:
7652:
7640:
7484:
7322:
7318:
7267:
7088:
6996:
6922:
6918:
6662:
6535:
6485:
6479:
6039:
5857:
5785:
5596:
5518:
5423:
5094:
5061:
4927:
4585:
4445:
4332:
4299:
4261:
4253:
2041:
1997:
1805:
1736:
Seleucus obtained knowledge of most of northern India, as explained by
1636:
1564:
1297:
1214:
1202:
1090:
reclaimed Macedon the following year at Pydna and then had her killed.
881:
850:
749:
737:
690:
682:
489:
412:. Perdiccas was betrayed and assassinated in a conspiracy by Seleucus,
375:
337:
9281:
2073:
1801:
119, and some say, that between them two it is no less than 325 miles.
1743:
872:. To cement his position, Perdiccas tried to marry Alexander's sister
11139:
11082:
10939:
10909:
10903:
10894:
10879:
10873:
10855:
10830:
10708:
10690:
10477:
10474:
10334:
10261:
10247:
10218:
10206:
10128:
10099:
9839:
9833:
9598:
9528:
9485:
9482:
9431:
9214:
9131:
9117:
9114:
9070:
9064:
9046:
8968:
8959:
8929:
8926:
8917:
8899:
8896:
8734:
8731:
8595:
8591:
8567:
8515:
8502:
8472:
8367:
8363:
8241:
8101:
7838:
7833:
7829:
7798:
7715:
7692:
7656:
7541:
7464:
7387:
7379:
7346:
7243:
7227:
7199:
7162:
7031:
6989:
6806:
6685:
6571:
6217:
6191:
6049:
6009:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5968:
5948:
5887:
5823:
5817:
5771:
5727:
5723:
5717:
5640:
5636:
5566:
5528:
5497:
5471:
5459:
5453:
5371:
5366:
4963:
4947:
4580:
4570:
4545:
4515:
4420:
4362:
4294:
4289:
4042:
4037:
3912:
3834:
3753:
3293:
3012:
1904:. In 299 BC, Seleucus allied with Demetrius and married his daughter
1901:
1653:
1617:
1589:
1388:
The next event connected to Seleucus was the founding of the city of
1362:
1210:
1206:
1095:
1087:
1039:
1035:
942:
927:
926:
The most powerful man in the empire after the death of Perdiccas was
842:
818:
706:
674:
561:
449:
429:
389:
381:
289:
2000:. He also had problems with his family. Lysimachus executed his son
1852:
11089:
10915:
10876:
10870:
10747:
10328:
10325:
10270:
10267:
10209:
10140:
10090:
10053:
9906:
9448:
9307:
9289:
9272:
9210:
9137:
9111:
9058:
9040:
8950:
8825:
8716:
8707:
8695:
8663:
8627:
8603:
8553:
8521:
8497:
8469:
8439:
8427:
8420:
8406:
8400:
8335:
8245:
8227:
8139:
8117:
8113:
7998:
7924:
7753:
7707:
7684:
7679:
7610:
7605:
7574:
7391:
7315:
7311:
7304:
7182:
7103:
6948:
6780:
6770:
6765:
6756:
6692:
6675:
6446:
6393:
6222:
6171:
6097:
6084:
6064:
6019:
5990:
5962:
5954:
5745:
5731:
5709:
5703:
5558:
5411:
5344:
5218:
4540:
4465:
4450:
3199: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2049:
2005:
1769:
1761:
1676:
1649:
1609:
1593:
1472:
1426:
1410:
1389:
1347:
1335:
1272:
1268:
1137:
1075:
869:
812:
800:
718:
694:
521:
505:
460:
409:
354:
61:
41:
11318:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables).
10307:
898:, both serving as officers under Perdiccas, and assassinated him.
11142:
10970:
10951:
10936:
10930:
10924:
10258:
10203:
10096:
10093:
10041:
9892:
9634:
9573:
9494:
9488:
9229:
9223:
8995:
8965:
8820:
8710:
8675:
8466:
8409:
8310:
8279:
7983:
7532:
7475:
7404:
7299:
7291:
7156:
7091:
6898:
6895:
6880:
6876:
6688:
6682:
6666:
6544:
6186:
6161:
6140:
6001:
5958:
5938:
5928:
5904:
5847:
5809:
5799:
5756:
5738:
5687:
5677:
5653:
5630:
5592:
5586:
5548:
5542:
5532:
5512:
5482:
5435:
5376:
5109:
4505:
3723:
1993:
1982:
1944:
1812:
1780:
1680:
1605:
1377:
1264:
1260:
1157:
in 312 BC. It is probable that Seleucus took part in the battle.
1129:
1113:
1060:
1022:
1006:
986:
974:
966:
954:
885:
858:
854:
804:
773:
760:
702:
630:
513:
437:
425:
413:
207:
124:
27:
Macedonian general, Diadochus, and founder of the Seleucid Empire
8395:
2140:
Cult relief showing Seleucus I Nicator crowning the Gad of Dura.
1330:
Coin of Lysimachus with an image of a horned Alexander the Great
463:
and in eastern India. However these ambitions were contested by
10933:
10927:
10885:
10796:
10264:
10215:
9790:
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")
9588:
9491:
9476:
9460:
9205:
9190:
9055:
8962:
8953:
8887:
8844:
8713:
8704:
8701:
8698:
8599:
8571:
8512:
8403:
8298:
8125:
8004:
7916:
7904:
7535:
7492:
7457:
7438:
7410:
7307:
7239:
7177:
7120:
7072:
6981:
6952:
6908:
6905:
6855:
6785:
6703:
6656:
6606:
6581:
6576:
6555:
6372:
6346:
6321:
6069:
5789:
5779:
5522:
5505:
5217:
4520:
3004:
2851:
2130:
2118:
2090:
2057:
1791:
1784:
1773:
1700:
1502:
1488:
1434:
1252:
1125:
1018:
946:
862:
792:
764:
626:
611:
607:
569:
524:(c. 305 BC), a foundation that eventually depopulated Babylon.
517:
481:
441:
358:(king). The Seleucid Empire was one of the major powers of the
158:
145:
128:
8390:
7942:
7614:
7212:
7207:
7035:
7020:
5228:
3441:
Dividing the Spoils - The War for Alexander the Great's Empire
2019:, who, on the accession to the Egyptian throne of his brother
1116:) about Antigonus. Antigonus was now the most powerful of the
779:
11133:
11115:
9630:
9236:
9217:
8283:
8194:
8165:
8092:
7824:
7488:
7375:
7294:
7222:
7099:
7095:
6977:
6915:
6911:
6872:
6659:
6601:
6596:
6586:
6559:
6341:
5908:
5881:
5871:
5837:
5827:
5813:
5657:
5620:
5610:
5576:
5562:
5552:
2028:
1912:. Seleucus had a daughter by Stratonice, who was also called
1719:
1657:
1558:
1421:
1169:
1133:
1121:
1068:
791:, an officer under Alexander the Great, was nominated as the
733:
504:, who had taken refuge at the Seleucid court with his sister
405:
373:
While serving under Alexander, Seleucus was commander of the
283:
261:
172:
8507:
7469:
1875:, holding a wreath over a trophy, probably referring to the
1354:
however, by Ptolemy, who made a surprise attack in Cilicia.
645:
484:, which would play a decisive role against Antigonus at the
10087:
9851:
9778:
9622:
9378:
8489:
8344:
8266:
8107:
8035:
7864:
7750:
7581:
7556:
7444:
7425:
7194:
7152:
7107:
7047:
6985:
6932:
6901:
6830:
6730:
6672:
6669:
6616:
6460:
6452:
6422:
6382:
6366:
6356:
6326:
5891:
5667:
5340:
2126:
1908:. Stratonice was also the daughter of Antipater's daughter
1860:
1450:
1430:
1403:
1193:
729:
689:(326 BC), Seleucus led his troops against the elephants of
267:
583:
As a teenager, Seleucus was chosen to serve as the king's
8084:
2916:"A Faience Head of a Graeco-Bactrian King from Ai Khanum"
1416:
669:"). It is said by Arrian that when Alexander crossed the
640:
252:
11253:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.
3665:
Seleucus I Nicator entry in 'Genealogy of the Seleucids'
1483:
and become part of his empire. When Alexander died, the
7721:
6377:
2813:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2736:
2734:
459:
Seleucus further made claim to the former satrapies in
11232:
Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.
6252:
Son of Parmenion, d. 330 BC; to be distinguished from
6241:
Son of Parmenion, d. 330 BC; to be distinguished from
3138:
3022:
2153:) on royal land that did not yet have the status of a
1848:
Diadochi § Fourth War of the Diadochi, 308-301 BC
1740:
through his numerous embassies to the Mauryan Empire:
1437:
with elephants, with Greek legend: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣEΛEYKOY,
1346:
help from Cossaians, whose ancestors were the ancient
384:, the regent of Alexander's empire, and was appointed
8753:
Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu
1953:
1101:
548:
noble family. Seleucus' mother was supposedly called
420:
in Pelusium sometime in either 321 or 320 BC. At the
270:
264:
249:
7821:
Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter
3550:
Seleukos Nikator: Constructing a Hellenistic Kingdom
3531:
Seleukos Nikator: Constructing a Hellenistic Kingdom
3034:
2801:
2758:
2731:
1808:, a great town 167 miles-and-a-half, others say 265.
1188:
258:
6290:
2011:The unpopularity of Lysimachus after the murder of
1183:
1098:to allow the diadochs to assume the title of king.
914:Roman copy of a bronze statue of Seleucus found in
905:
868:War soon broke out between Perdiccas and the other
255:
7624:(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
1787:) as much: and some copies add 5 miles more therto
3661:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
3376:
3251:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
3088:Pliny the Elder, Natural history, Book 6, Chap 21
829:) was also named his father's successor. In the "
568:, which would place his year of birth at 358 BC.
370:in the late second and early first centuries BC.
11399:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
2436:
2434:
3246:http://virtualreligion.net/iho/antiochus_1.html
3214:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
2567:"Alexander's successors: The Third Diadoch War"
2034:
1616:which are known to be located in, for example,
610:. The god had left a ring with a picture of an
3461:
3287:
1631:ruler, with royal diadem. Temple of the Oxus,
396:in 323 BC. However, after the outbreak of the
6276:
5326:
5203:
3769:
3632:
3272:
3166:
3119:
2831:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2431:
1372:while Seleucus built a few cities, including
993:
400:in 322, Perdiccas' military failures against
11267:. cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.
11241:
8745:: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk
7338:"King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk
2913:
11277:
10494:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
1747:The Hellenistic world view after Seleucus:
780:Senior officer under Perdiccas (323–321 BC)
295:
6283:
6269:
5333:
5319:
5210:
5196:
3776:
3762:
3438:
3106:Coinage of Seleucus and Antiochus in India
2672:
2564:
2167:Chronology of European exploration of Asia
1760:The other parts of the country beyond the
732:in the spring of 324 BC, Seleucus married
49:
11194:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
7790:"King of the four quarters of the world"
6244:Satrap at Partition of Babylon; possibly
2782:
1017:away from Babylon and tried to cross the
685:and also Seleucus. During the subsequent
11365:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5.
3566:
3547:
3528:
3499:
3480:
3410:
3028:
2819:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2135:
2072:
1957:
1851:
1834:Seleucus may have founded a navy in the
1742:
1622:
1563:
1444:
1420:
1404:King of the Seleucid empire (306–281 BC)
1325:
1287:
1192:
909:
783:
740:. They had his eldest son and successor
644:
11210:
3597:Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylon
3084:Pliny, Natural History, Book 6, Chap 17
2778:
2776:
488:in 301 BC. In 281 BC, he also defeated
14:
11400:
11339:
11337:
11335:
11075:
10305:
10103:
7883:
7874:(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
7778:
6702:
3783:
3483:A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer
3382:
3334:
3204:
3040:
2807:
2767:
2752:
2740:
2665:
2663:
2608:
2606:
2457:
2455:
2213:
2044:, but failed. Lysimachus' old officer
1417:Chandragupta and the Eastern Provinces
1168:while Ptolemy advanced all the way to
641:Early career under Alexander the Great
621:tells us Seleucus had a sister called
11355:
11200:
11167:
11162:
11153:
11105:
11044:
11039:
11030:
11025:
11016:
11006:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10982:
10848:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10800:
10791:
10781:
10776:
10765:
10756:
10650:
10385:
10292:
10190:
10180:
10066:
9914:
9823:
9645:
9638:
9596:
9520:
9498:
9466:
9452:
9421:
9405:
9279:
9251:
9227:
9182:
9143:
9088:
9024:
8857:
8842:
8819:
8806:
8769:
8619:
8576:
8450:
8426:
8418:
8381:
8319:
8308:
8278:
8262:
8231:
8198:
8178:
8156:
8123:
8032:
7964:
7952:
7911:
7823:
7815:
7743:
7524:
7278:
7271:
7233:
7160:
7142:
7111:
7064:
7030:
7015:
7007:
6994:
6975:
6963:
6946:
6930:
6893:
6846:
6820:
6742:
6707:
6635:
6459:
6428:
6421:
6410:
6391:
6264:
5314:
5191:
4708:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos
3757:
3613:
3364:
3349:
3337:Dura-Europos: Crossroads of Antiquity
3319:
3315:
3313:
3115:
3113:
2993:
2692:
2533:Grainger 1990, pp. 49–51, Boiy p. 122
2425:
2320:Seleucus | Collins English dictionary
2276:
2238:
1627:Portrait of Seleucus I or possibly a
920:Naples National Archaeological Museum
11308:
5176:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by
3594:
2907:
2835:Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas
2773:
2464:
2401:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2329:
2327:
1896:, but Ptolemy had already conquered
1644:the definition of the word "India":
1224:was the new satrap of Media and the
1078:had been invited back to Macedon by
977:, and replaced him with his brother
653:during Alexander's Persian campaign.
637:was actually the uncle of Seleucus.
496:, adding Asia Minor to his empire.
11332:
3188:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2549:
2527:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2473:
2452:
2443:
2068:
1811:And to the confluent of the rivers
1703:") princess, daughter of Seleucus (
1425:Tetradrachm of Seleucus I from the
1021:. Seleucus had to act. He sent two
799:independent and proclaimed himself
527:
408:led to the mutiny of his troops in
328:who went on to found the eponymous
24:
11488:People from Kilkis (regional unit)
11448:Royal pages of Alexander the Great
11288:. Getty Publications. p. 14.
11207:Chronology of the Neolithic period
10859:
10489:
10306:
10288:First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
10073:
9964:
9280:
9252:
9195:
9025:
8632:
8286:
6647:
5219:The division of Alexander's empire
3502:An Empire Builder—Seleukos Nikator
3369:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 21.
3354:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 20.
3324:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 19.
3310:
3110:
2392:
2371:
2362:
2129:) advises priests to sacrifice to
1954:Defeat of Demetrius and Lysimachus
1841:
1176:and that year as the first of the
1102:Admiral under Ptolemy (316–311 BC)
1053:
633:. It has also been suggested that
556:, located in the northern part of
424:in 321 BC, Seleucus was appointed
324:general, officer and successor of
25:
11504:
11478:Ancient Macedonian murder victims
11458:Satraps of the Alexandrian Empire
10864:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
9200:Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos
7011:("made the land of Elam submit")
3652:
3417:Chandragupta Maurya and his times
2648:Grainger 1990, p. 83; Boiy p. 127
2612:Grainger 1990, p. 79; Boyi p. 126
2353:
2339:
2324:
2085:: Seleucus I, with bull's horns.
1695:, also described the marriage of
1620:in today's southern Afghanistan.
1315:
1189:Conquest of the eastern provinces
673:on a boat, he was accompanied by
540:claims that Antiochus was one of
452:, but the entire eastern part of
11443:3rd-century BC Seleucid monarchs
11423:3rd-century BC murdered monarchs
11285:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins
11211:
11201:
8506:
8394:
8389:
8217:
7946:
7941:
7772:
7618:
7613:
7468:
7367:
7298:
7211:
7206:
7076:
7039:
7034:
7024:
7019:
6814:
6464:
6451:
6439:
6404:
3194:
2838:. Internet Archive. p. 16.
2264:
2008:escaped to Babylon to Seleucus.
1429:mint. Obverse shows the head of
1184:Satrap of Babylonia (311–306 BC)
906:Satrap of Babylonia (321–316 BC)
594:Seleucus, like his later rivals
245:
11453:Generals of Alexander the Great
11349:
11302:
11271:
11257:
11235:
11226:
10282:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
3633:Paranavithana, Senarat (1971).
3504:. Vol. 43. pp. 25–30.
3358:
3343:
3328:
3281:
3254:
3239:
3151:
3132:
3122:American Journal of Numismatics
3099:
3077:
3066:
3046:
2974:
2959:
2954:The Greeks in Bactria and India
2946:
2888:
2864:
2845:
2825:
2787:. Grove Press. pp. 85–86.
2722:
2713:
2686:
2558:
2536:
2518:
2410:
2380:
2233:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
2215:[sé.leu̯.kosni.ká.to:r]
1271:. The satrap of the former was
1153:, the son of Antigonus, in the
981:as the new satrap. In the west
841:) and appointed first or court
448:lands. Seleucus ruled not only
362:, until it was overcome by the
11217:Rulers of Ancient Central Asia
10355:Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
9902:Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
9826:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
8388:"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"
6249:Satrap at Partition of Babylon
3618:. Cambridge University Press.
3377:References and further reading
2920:Bulletin of the Asia Institute
2877:. Asian Educational Services.
2313:
2295:
2225:
2201:
2179:
961:After the death of Alexander,
13:
1:
11438:4th-century BC Greek monarchs
11187:Muslim conquest of the Levant
10433:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
10376:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
10361:Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
10199:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
10069:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
9870:Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
9569:Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
5180:in most of their territories.
3978:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
3694:
2914:Bopearachchi, Osmund (1998).
2277:Bevan, Edwyn Robert (1911). "
312:
139:September 281 BC (aged c. 77)
108:
9736:Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("
6470:(Uruk influence or control)
3139:Metropolitan Museum of Art.
2697:. Livius.org. Archived from
2569:. Livius.org. Archived from
2172:
2105:when he was assassinated by
2093:, with a bow, seated on the
2035:Administration of Asia Minor
1449:Coin of Seleucus I from the
825:. Alexander's unborn child (
290:
7:
11473:Ancient Macedonian generals
10430:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
9469:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
9268:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
8815:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
8809:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
8069:(Vassals of the Akkadians)
7056:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
6457:(Anonymous "King-priests")
6412:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
3973:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
3466:. Oxford University Press.
3141:"Tetradrachm of Seleucus I"
2981:Hindu Nationalism, A Reader
2160:
1970:Seleucus nominated his son
1383:
1283:
888:, and the commander of the
717:and in the crossing of the
386:Commander of the Companions
10:
11509:
11433:3rd-century BC Macedonians
11428:4th-century BC Macedonians
11222:
11057:Sasanian conquest of Egypt
10484:
10367:Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
10251:
10225:
10177:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
9523:Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
9288:Third Babylonian dynasty (
9185:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
9147:Second Intermediate Period
7957:(vassal of the Akkadians)
7345:
6490:Early or legendary kings:
3635:The Greeks and the Mauryas
3548:Grainger, John D. (1990).
3529:Grainger, John D. (1997).
3500:Grainger, John D. (1993).
3481:Grainger, John D. (1997).
3439:Waterfield, Robin (2011).
2985:Princeton University Press
1845:
1714:, to the Mauryan court at
1464:
1319:
1292:Seleucus I coin depicting
1105:
1000:Second War of the Diadochi
997:
994:Second War of the Diadochi
810:
436:, forced Seleucus to flee
284:
11191:
11184:
11177:
11148:
11098:
11095:
11054:
11013:
10979:
10960:
10802:Parthamaspates of Parthia
10788:
10753:
10612:
10580:
10373:
10352:
10279:
10276:
10182:Assyrian conquest of Elam
10175:
10063:
10029:
9963:
9924:
9788:
9777:
9734:
9562:Third Intermediate Period
9377:
9248:
9092:Second Babylonian dynasty
9037:("Old Babylonian Period")
8803:
8755:
8519:
8487:
8459:Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
8431:
8415:
8362:
8359:
8342:
8264:
8249:
8208:
8175:
8121:
8105:
8079:
8071:
8042:
7967:First Intermediate Period
7961:
7937:
7893:
7878:
7862:
7837:
7828:
7802:
7797:
7609:
7588:
7569:
7560:
7521:
7496:
7479:
7455:
7442:
7437:
7423:
7408:
7399:
7351:
7327:
7252:
7192:
7175:
7140:
7119:
7113:Early Dynastic Period III
7061:
7045:
6973:
6971:
6960:
6887:
6838:
6828:
6739:
6716:
6632:
6563:
6494:
6477:
6474:
6415:
6388:
6315:
6299:
6239:
6131:
6123:Ptolemy (son of Seleucus)
6083:
6000:
5762:Partition of Triparadisus
5755:
5481:
5430:Ptolemy (son of Seleucus)
5385:
5352:
5225:
5174:
5080:
4911:
4818:
4760:
4673:
4594:
4401:
4323:
4275:
4252:
4094:
4051:
3922:
3878:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
3868:
3825:
3792:
3742:
3733:
3716:
3711:
3679:
3211:Easton's Bible Dictionary
2983:, Christopher Jeffrelot,
2669:Grainger 1990, pp. 89– 91
1879:. Legend "King Seleucus".
1859:of Seleucus I, minted at
1838:and in the Indian Ocean.
1263:. Seleucus did not reach
1108:Third War of the Diadochi
878:First War of the Diadochi
635:Ptolemy (son of Seleucus)
596:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
422:Partition of Triparadisus
228:
218:
206:
186:
165:
135:
104:
100:
96:(co-ruler from c. 292 BC)
89:
79:
71:
60:
48:
39:
34:
11180:Muslim conquest of Egypt
10644:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
10475:Cleopatra VII Philopator
9972:Eight Babylonian Dynasty
9034:First Babylonian dynasty
8772:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
8276:(vassal of the Gutians)
7973:Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
6965:Early Dynastic Period II
5392:(Alexander's bodyguards)
4239:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
4038:Cleopatra VII Philopator
3568:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra
3394:Harvard University Press
3365:Baird, Jennifer (2018).
3350:Baird, Jennifer (2018).
3320:Baird, Jennifer (2018).
2639:Grainger 1990, pp. 82–83
2600:Grainger 1990, pp. 74–75
2591:Grainger 1990, pp. 56–72
2555:Grainger 1990, pp. 53–55
2497:Grainger 1990, pp. 39–42
2488:Grainger 1990, pp. 33–37
2479:Grainger 1990, pp. 30–32
2461:Grainger 1990, pp. 21–29
2449:Grainger 1990, pp. 20–24
1818:from thence to the town
532:Seleucus was the son of
352:, assuming the title of
11265:"Rulers of Mesopotamia"
11008:Province of Mesopotamia
10817:Province of Mesopotamia
10793:Province of Mesopotamia
10768:Roman conquest of Egypt
10609:Antigonus II Mattathias
10403:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
9976:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
8453:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
7979:Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
7287:Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
6822:Early Dynastic Period I
6745:Second Dynasty of Egypt
5036:'s attempted rule with
4717:Mithridates V Euergetes
4129:Antiochus III the Great
3942:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
3883:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
3807:Alexander III the Great
3464:The Legacy of Alexander
3462:A. B. Bosworth (2005).
3445:Oxford University Press
3288:Graham Shipley (1999).
3185:Grainger 1997, p. 55–56
2515:Grainger 1990, p. 44–45
2398:Grainger 1990, pp. 9–10
2288:Encyclopædia Britannica
2113:in September (281 BC).
1479:, had all submitted to
795:of Egypt. Ptolemy made
726:great marriage ceremony
649:Seleucus led the Royal
305:Seleucus the Victorious
10865:
10647:Philip II Philoromaeus
10641:Antiochus XII Dionysus
10635:Demetrius III Eucaerus
10632:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
10623:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
10495:
10463:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
10418:Arsinoe III Philopator
10311:
10079:
9969:
9806:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
9738:Second Dynasty of Isin
9285:
9258:
9201:
9030:
8913:(Non-dynastic usurpers
8637:
8322:Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
8291:
8181:Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
7746:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
7527:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
7354:Second kingdom of Mari
7067:Third Dynasty of Egypt
7001:Dumuzid, the Fisherman
6653:
6644:First Dynasty of Egypt
4820:Monarchs of Cappadocia
4722:Mithridates VI Eupator
4244:Philip II Philoromaeus
4229:Antiochus XII Dionysus
4219:Demetrius III Eucaerus
4214:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
4199:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
4139:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
4134:Seleucus IV Philopator
4119:Seleucus II Callinicus
4018:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
3893:Demetrius II Aetolicus
3670:15 August 2016 at the
3614:Ogden, Daniel (2017).
3599:. Peeters Publishers.
3443:(hardback). New York:
3206:Easton, Matthew George
3054:Athenaeus of Naucratis
2832:Romila Thapar (1963).
2359:Grainger 1990, pp. 4–5
2141:
2097:
1967:
1933:Antioch on the Orontes
1880:
1828:
1756:
1670:
1640:
1635:, 3rd-2nd century BC,
1586:
1571:
1516:
1475:and the states of the
1462:
1442:
1331:
1300:
1217:
1159:Peithon, son of Agenor
932:Treaty of Triparadisus
923:
808:
770:Medeios the Thessalian
687:Battle of the Hydaspes
665:, later known as the "
654:
600:Demetrius I of Macedon
522:Seleucia on the Tigris
75:305 – September 281 BC
11251:The Ancient Near East
11169:Byzantine Mesopotamia
11083:Province of Asoristan
11046:Byzantine Mesopotamia
10863:
10856:Province of Asoristan
10638:Philip I Philadelphus
10626:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
10620:Antiochus VIII Grypus
10617:Seleucus V Philometor
10572:Antiochus VII Sidetes
10566:Antiochus VI Dionysus
10493:
10466:Berenice IV Epiphanea
10427:Ptolemy VI Philometor
10415:Ptolemy IV Philopator
10412:Berenice II Euergetis
10409:Ptolemy III Euergetes
10310:
10228:Neo-Babylonian Empire
10138:Marduk-apla-iddina II
10135:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
10126:Marduk-apla-iddina II
10077:
10032:Humban-Tahrid dynasty
9968:
9689:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
9379:Middle Elamite period
9284:
9256:
9199:
9029:
8636:
8290:
8045:Third kingdom of Mari
7766:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
6841:First kingdom of Mari
6651:
6638:Early Dynastic Period
6480:Proto-Dynastic period
5800:Hellespontine Phrygia
5533:Hellespontine Phrygia
5342:Alexander the Great's
4762:Monarchs of Commagene
4683:Mithridates I Ctistes
4224:Philip I Philadelphus
4204:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
4194:Antiochus VIII Grypus
4189:Seleucus V Philometor
4174:Antiochus VII Sidetes
4164:Antiochus VI Dionysus
4124:Seleucus III Ceraunus
4023:Berenice IV Epiphanea
3968:Ptolemy VI Philometor
3952:Ptolemy IV Philopator
3947:Ptolemy III Euergetes
3812:Philip III Arrhidaeus
3412:Mookerji, Radha Kumud
3335:Kosmin, Paul (2011).
3290:The Hellenistic World
3017:Pratisarga Parva p.18
2544:Bibliotheca Historica
2139:
2076:
1961:
1855:
1758:
1746:
1646:
1626:
1573:
1567:
1493:
1448:
1424:
1342:under his authority.
1329:
1291:
1196:
913:
823:Philip III of Macedon
787:
648:
428:under the new regent
11463:Hellenistic generals
10614:Alexander II Zabinas
10478:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
10454:Ptolemy XI Alexander
10436:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
9991:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
9979:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
9803:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
9744:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
9368:Marduk-apla-iddina I
9262:New Kingdom of Egypt
9085:Early Kassite rulers
8379:(Vassals of Ur III)
8360:(Vassals of UR III)
7760:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
7730:Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II
7281:Old Kingdom of Egypt
6055:Laomedon of Mytilene
5878:Laomedon of Mytilene
5617:Laomedon of Mytilene
5488:Partition of Babylon
5354:Philip II's Generals
4596:Monarchs of Bithynia
4179:Alexander II Zabinas
4159:Demetrius II Nicator
4076:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
4043:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
4008:Ptolemy XI Alexander
3983:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
3888:Antigonus II Gonatas
3296:. pp. 301–302.
3278:Grainger 1997, p. 57
3262:"Seleucus I Nicator"
3093:28 July 2013 at the
2728:Grainger 1990, s.101
2695:"The Babylonian war"
2683:Grainger 1997, p. 54
2657:Grainger 1990, p. 86
2630:Grainger 1990, p. 81
2621:Grainger 1990, p. 80
2506:Grainger 1990, p. 43
2407:Grainger 1990, p. 12
2303:"Seleucus I Nicator"
2025:Battle of Corupedium
1966:"of king Demetrius".
1964:Basileо̄s Dēmētriou,
1707:in Indian sources).
1569:Seleucid–Mauryan war
1485:Wars of the Diadochi
1467:Seleucid–Mauryan war
953:, the new satrap of
918:(now located at the
831:Partition of Babylon
763:, where Alexander's
574:Eusebius of Caesarea
566:battle of Corupedium
542:Philip II of Macedon
494:Battle of Corupedium
469:Seleucid–Mauryan War
398:Wars of the Diadochi
394:Partition of Babylon
11119:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
10629:Antiochus X Eusebes
10457:Ptolemy XII Auletes
10448:Ptolemy X Alexander
10442:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
10421:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
10106:Neo-Assyrian Empire
9994:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
9927:Neo-Assyrian Empire
9750:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
9641:Syro-Hittite states
9347:Shagarakti-Shuriash
9020:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
8014:Neferkare Pepiseneb
7913:Akkadian Governors:
6417:Pre-Dynastic period
6246:Nicanor of Stageira
5178:Hellenistic satraps
4209:Antiochus X Eusebes
4144:Antiochus V Eupator
4086:Cleopatra Selene II
4013:Ptolemy XII Auletes
3998:Ptolemy X Alexander
3993:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
3957:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
3898:Antigonus III Doson
3681:Seleucus I Nicator
3578:Motilal Banarsidass
3422:Motilal Banarsidass
2899:Classical Philology
2895:Walter Eugene Clark
2573:on 18 November 2012
2377:Grainger 1990, p. 3
2368:Grainger 1990, p. 1
2350:Grainger 1990, p. 2
2235:70(1) (2011): 1–12.
2103:Thracian Chersonese
1547:Chandragupta Maurya
1481:Alexander the Great
1461:"of king Seleucus".
1459:Basileо̄s Seleukou,
1441:"of king Seleucus".
1439:Basileо̄s Seleukou,
1294:Alexander the Great
578:Alexander the Great
467:, resulting in the
465:Chandragupta Maurya
326:Alexander the Great
11408:Seleucus I Nicator
11345:Sumerian King List
11159:Palaestina Secunda
11036:Palaestina Secunda
10866:
10597:Alexander Jannaeus
10496:
10486:Hellenistic Period
10312:
10080:
10058:Humban-haltash III
10022:Nabu-shuma-ukin II
9970:
9935:Tukulti-Ninurta II
9916:Kingdom of Samaria
9812:Mar-biti-apla-usur
9809:Shirikti-shuqamuna
9779:Neo-Elamite period
9762:Marduk-shapik-zeri
9747:Itti-Marduk-balatu
9728:Tiglath-Pileser II
9725:Ashur-resh-ishi II
9680:Enlil-kudurri-usur
9371:Zababa-shuma-iddin
9356:Kadashman-Harbe II
9341:Kadashman-Enlil II
9286:
9259:
9202:
9031:
9017:Ashur-rim-nisheshu
9014:Ashur-bel-nisheshu
9005:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
8764:Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
8638:
8292:
7667:Lugal-kinishe-dudu
7048:Old Elamite period
6940:Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
6793:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
6710:Jemdet Nasr period
6654:
6075:Ariston of Paionia
5082:Monarchs of Epirus
4915:Cimmerian Bosporus
4675:Monarchs of Pontus
4234:Cleopatra Selene I
4114:Antiochus II Theos
4104:Seleucus I Nicator
4071:Demetrius the Fair
4053:Monarchs of Cyrene
3722:Independence from
3659:Seleucus I Nicator
3058:The Deipnosophists
2783:John Keay (2001).
2701:on 31 October 2012
2542:Diodorus Siculus,
2142:
2098:
1968:
1881:
1757:
1641:
1572:
1553:), founder of the
1510:, The Syrian Wars
1463:
1443:
1332:
1301:
1218:
924:
809:
655:
454:Alexander's empire
241:Seleucus I Nicator
35:Seleucus I Nicator
11493:Founding monarchs
11468:Ancient Orestians
11395:
11394:
11389:
11388:
11385:
11384:
11372:978-1-62564-606-4
11357:Unger, Merrill F.
11325:978-0-14-193825-7
11295:978-1-60606-649-2
11062:Province of Egypt
10993:Province of Egypt
10773:Province of Egypt
10515:Antigonid dynasty
10315:Achaemenid Empire
10236:Nebuchadnezzar II
10144:Ashur-nadin-shumi
10013:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
9985:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
9800:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
9768:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
9759:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
9701:Asharid-apal-Ekur
9698:Tiglath-Pileser I
9695:Ashur-resh-ishi I
9683:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
9671:Tukulti-Ninurta I
9618:Kingdom of Israel
9586:Osorkon the Elder
9507:Shutrukid dynasty
9392:Igehalkid dynasty
9359:Adad-shuma-iddina
9353:Enlil-nadin-shumi
9320:Kadashman-Enlil I
9314:Kadashman-harbe I
8758:Sukkalmah dynasty
8622:Isin-Larsa period
8444:Shimashki Dynasty
8170:Puzur-Inshushinak
7769:Netjerkare Siptah
7539:Neferirkare Kakai
7084:Egyptian pyramids
6293:Ancient Near East
6258:
6257:
6167:Cleitus the White
6085:Infantry Generals
6030:Cleitus the Black
5834:Cleitus the White
5308:
5307:
5185:
5184:
4665:Socrates Chrestus
4154:Alexander I Balas
4149:Demetrius I Soter
4109:Antiochus I Soter
3855:Antipater Etesias
3752:
3751:
3746:Antiochus I Soter
3743:Succeeded by
3730:
3644:978-95-565-8204-8
3637:. Stamford Lake.
3625:978-1-107-16478-9
3606:978-90-429-1449-0
3595:Boiy, T. (2004).
3587:978-81-208-0436-4
3559:978-0-415-04701-2
3492:978-90-04-10799-1
3473:978-0-19-928515-0
3454:978-0-19-957392-9
3431:978-81-208-0433-3
3403:978-0-674-72882-0
3303:978-0-415-04618-3
3249:Antiochus I Soter
3227:Missing or empty
3220:cite encyclopedia
3145:www.metmuseum.org
2952:Debated by Tarn,
2904:(4), pp. 297–313.
2794:978-0-8021-3797-5
2755:, pp. 32–33.
2194:King of the Lands
1931:on the coast and
1929:Laodicea in Syria
1768:from thence (the
1749:ancient world map
1600:and perhaps also
1505:
1359:Stratagems in War
835:Companion cavalry
742:Antiochus I Soter
538:Junianus Justinus
426:Satrap of Babylon
360:Hellenistic world
238:
237:
193:Antiochus I Soter
94:Antiochus I Soter
16:(Redirected from
11500:
11377:
11376:
11353:
11347:
11341:
11330:
11329:
11306:
11300:
11299:
11278:Thomas, Ariane;
11275:
11269:
11268:
11261:
11255:
11254:
11239:
11233:
11230:
11215:
11205:
11155:Palaestina Prima
11101:Byzantine Empire
11032:Palaestina Prima
11019:Byzantine Empire
10998:Syria Palaestina
10963:Palmyrene Empire
10949:Bahram VI Chobin
10812:Syria Palaestina
10600:Salome Alexandra
10583:Kingdom of Judea
10569:Diodotus Tryphon
10424:Cleopatra I Syra
10400:Ptolemy Keraunos
10168:Ashur-uballit II
10165:Sin-shumu-lishir
10159:Ashur-etil-ilani
10114:Sargonid dynasty
10007:Marduk-apla-usur
9988:Nabu-apla-iddina
9982:Shamash-mudammiq
9938:Ashurnasirpal II
9921:Kingdom of Judah
9765:Adad-apla-iddina
9756:Enlil-nadin-apli
9753:Nebuchadnezzar I
9677:Ashur-nirari III
9674:Ashur-nadin-apli
9512:Shutruk-Nakhunte
9397:Untash-Napirisha
9386:Kidinuid dynasty
8984:Shamshi-Adad III
8692:Dynasty of Larsa
8510:
8398:
8393:
8221:
8074:Shar-Kali-Sharri
8008:Neferkare Tereru
7996:Neferkare Khendu
7950:
7945:
7776:
7735:Kiku-siwe-tempti
7622:
7617:
7472:
7401:Kish III dynasty
7371:
7302:
7215:
7210:
7115:(2600–2340 BCE)
7080:
7043:
7038:
7028:
7023:
6967:(2700–2600 BCE)
6824:(2900–2700 BCE)
6818:
6735:(3100–2700 BCE)
6714:(3100–2900 BCE)
6468:
6455:
6443:
6419:(4000–2900 BCE)
6408:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6285:
6278:
6271:
6262:
6261:
6132:Other or unknown
6002:Cavalry Generals
5456:(to 323 BC)
5335:
5328:
5321:
5312:
5311:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5189:
5188:
4977:
4893:Ariobarzanes III
4267:Ptolemy Epigonos
4169:Diodotus Tryphon
3962:Cleopatra I Syra
3937:Ptolemy Keraunos
3778:
3771:
3764:
3755:
3754:
3721:
3717:Preceded by
3707:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3686:Seleucid dynasty
3677:
3676:
3648:
3629:
3610:
3591:
3563:
3544:
3525:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3505:
3496:
3477:
3458:
3435:
3420:(4th ed.).
3407:
3371:
3370:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3258:
3252:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3215:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3164:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3117:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3081:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
2997:
2991:
2978:
2972:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2911:
2905:
2892:
2886:
2871:Vincent A. Smith
2868:
2862:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2785:India: A History
2780:
2771:
2765:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2670:
2667:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2601:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2565:Jona Lendering.
2562:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2386:Arrian Anabasis
2384:
2378:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2337:
2331:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2279:Seleucid Dynasty
2270:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2236:
2229:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2205:
2199:
2183:
2107:Ptolemy Keraunos
2069:Death and legacy
2017:Ptolemy Keraunos
1890:Taurus mountains
1692:Bhavishya Purana
1686:Pratisarga Parva
1614:Edicts of Ashoka
1578:Seleucus Nicator
1514:
1501:
1433:. Reverse shows
1249:Diodorus Siculus
1197:The kingdoms of
1132:, the satrap of
945:, the satrap of
659:Indian campaigns
546:upper Macedonian
528:Youth and family
502:Ptolemy Ceraunus
500:assassinated by
334:Seleucid dynasty
322:Macedonian Greek
319:
317:
314:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
293:
291:Séleukos Nikátōr
287:
286:
285:Σέλευκος Νικάτωρ
277:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
113:
110:
53:
32:
31:
21:
18:Seleucus Nicator
11508:
11507:
11503:
11502:
11501:
11499:
11498:
11497:
11398:
11397:
11396:
11391:
11390:
11381:
11380:
11373:
11354:
11350:
11342:
11333:
11326:
11307:
11303:
11296:
11276:
11272:
11263:
11262:
11258:
11240:
11236:
11231:
11227:
11164:Byzantine Syria
11150:Byzantine Egypt
11125:Farrukh Hormizd
11085:
11081:
11078:Sasanian Empire
11064:
11060:
11041:Byzantine Syria
11027:Byzantine Egypt
10966:
10858:
10854:
10851:Sasanian Empire
10771:
10676:Mithridates III
10656:
10653:Parthian Empire
10586:
10525:Seleucid Empire
10522:
10512:
10488:
10397:Ptolemy I Soter
10395:
10392:Ptolemaic Egypt
10364:
10358:
10318:
10300:
10296:
10294:Kings of Byblos
10285:
10257:
10231:
10202:
10196:
10170:
10150:Mushezib-Marduk
10120:Tiglath-Pileser
10118:
10109:
10086:
10072:
10056:
10052:
10048:
10044:
10040:
10036:
10035:
10027:
10025:Nabu-mukin-zeri
10019:Nabu-nadin-zeri
10004:Marduk-bel-zeri
9997:Baba-aha-iddina
9974:
9951:Adad-nirari III
9941:Shalmaneser III
9930:
9919:
9918:
9905:
9899:
9898:
9896:Menkheperre Ini
9873:
9866:
9865:
9829:
9815:Nabû-mukin-apli
9792:
9781:(1100–540 BCE)
9774:Nabu-shum-libur
9742:
9719:Ashur-nirari IV
9713:Ashurnasirpal I
9710:Shamshi-Adad IV
9656:Ashur-uballit I
9651:
9633:
9629:
9625:
9621:
9615:
9614:
9610:
9606:
9604:Kings of Byblos
9602:
9572:
9565:
9559:
9558:
9527:
9526:
9510:
9504:
9472:
9459:
9458:
9440:Neferneferuaten
9400:
9399:
9395:
9389:
9383:
9382:(1500–1100 BCE)
9374:Enlil-nadin-ahi
9362:Adad-shuma-usur
9350:Kashtiliashu IV
9338:Kadashman-Turgu
9323:Burnaburiash II
9302:Kashtiliash III
9294:
9271:
9265:
9235:
9234:(1600–1260 BCE)
9233:
9203:
9194:
9188:
9176:
9170:
9166:
9160:
9156:
9150:
9130:
9125:Peshgaldaramesh
9120:
9110:
9100:
9096:Sealand Dynasty
9093:
9090:
9089:
9083:
9082:
9045:
9038:
9036:
9011:Ashur-nirari II
8990:Puzur-Ashur III
8978:Shamshi-Adad II
8949:
8947:
8945:Adaside dynasty
8942:
8941:
8916:
8914:
8912:
8911:
8874:
8872:
8870:
8863:
8854:
8848:
8837:
8833:
8831:Kings of Byblos
8829:
8823:
8812:
8775:
8762:
8761:
8743:Uruk VI dynasty
8741:
8690:
8641:Dynasty of Isin
8631:
8625:
8614:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8598:
8594:
8590:
8586:
8582:
8557:
8551:
8544:
8540:
8539:
8538:
8536:
8532:
8528:
8511:
8505:
8501:
8495:
8492:
8462:
8456:
8438:
8399:
8387:
8378:
8374:
8370:
8366:
8349:
8339:
8325:
8309:
8301:
8297:
8293:
8282:
8275:
8271:
8257:
8253:
8244:
8240:
8239:
8237:
8226:
8222:
8216:
8212:
8203:(2150–2000 BCE)
8184:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8154:
8150:
8146:
8142:
8138:
8134:
8130:
8116:
8112:
8100:
8096:
8072:
8068:
8064:
8060:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8048:
8038:
7993:Djedkare Shemai
7982:
7976:
7970:
7956:
7927:
7923:
7919:
7915:
7902:Sargon of Akkad
7900:
7899:
7896:Akkadian Empire
7888:(2340–2150 BCE)
7886:Akkadian Period
7873:
7869:
7857:
7853:
7832:
7820:
7810:
7806:
7789:
7785:
7771:
7749:
7728:
7726:
7714:
7710:
7706:
7695:
7691:
7687:
7678:
7669:
7655:
7651:
7639:
7635:
7623:
7594:
7591:
7585:
7573:
7564:
7531:
7530:
7514:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7491:
7487:
7483:
7474:
7473:
7467:
7463:
7462:
7450:
7449:
7433:
7430:
7418:
7414:
7403:
7394:
7390:
7386:
7382:
7378:
7374:
7373:
7372:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7357:
7349:(2500-539 BCE)
7337:
7333:
7303:
7297:
7290:
7284:
7266:
7262:
7258:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7226:
7220:
7216:
7202:
7198:
7188:
7185:
7181:
7169:
7165:
7155:
7151:
7149:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7123:
7087:
7081:
7075:
7071:
7070:
7054:
7053:
7052:(2700–1500 BCE)
7051:
6999:
6988:
6951:("conqueror of
6937:
6921:
6914:
6904:
6890:
6871:
6867:
6862:
6853:
6844:
6836:
6833:
6813:
6749:
6748:
6734:
6728:
6722:
6713:
6655:
6641:
6628:
6569:
6500:
6489:
6483:
6469:
6463:
6456:
6450:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6436:(4000–3100 BCE)
6435:
6429:
6403:
6397:
6369:
6350:
6340:
6313:
6311:
6295:
6289:
6259:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6242:
6235:
6133:
6127:
6079:
5996:
5764:
5760:
5751:
5490:
5486:
5477:
5391:
5381:
5348:
5347:
5339:
5309:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5221:
5216:
5186:
5181:
5170:
5076:
5067:Mithridates III
4971:
4914:
4913:Monarchs of the
4907:
4888:Ariobarzanes II
4873:Ariarathes VIII
4814:
4800:Mithridates III
4756:
4698:Mithridates III
4669:
4590:
4397:
4325:Greco-Bactrians
4319:
4271:
4248:
4090:
4047:
3932:Ptolemy I Soter
3918:
3864:
3821:
3788:
3782:
3748:
3739:
3731:
3720:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3689:
3682:
3672:Wayback Machine
3655:
3645:
3626:
3607:
3588:
3560:
3541:
3517:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3493:
3474:
3455:
3432:
3404:
3384:Kosmin, Paul J.
3379:
3374:
3363:
3359:
3348:
3344:
3333:
3329:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3244:
3240:
3228:
3226:
3217:
3216:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3167:
3156:
3152:
3137:
3133:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3100:
3095:Wayback Machine
3082:
3078:
3071:
3067:
3051:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3023:
2998:
2994:
2979:
2975:
2968:Natural History
2964:
2960:
2951:
2947:
2912:
2908:
2893:
2889:
2869:
2865:
2850:
2846:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2781:
2774:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2739:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2673:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:Bosworth p. 211
2469:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2432:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2340:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2239:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2163:
2077:Tetradrachm of
2071:
2037:
1956:
1925:Seleucia Pieria
1886:battle of Ipsus
1877:Battle of Ipsus
1850:
1844:
1842:Battle of Ipsus
1790:from thence to
1738:Pliny the Elder
1699:with a Greek ("
1515:
1508:History of Rome
1500:
1469:
1419:
1406:
1386:
1324:
1318:
1286:
1191:
1186:
1174:Seleucid Empire
1110:
1104:
1056:
1054:Escape to Egypt
1002:
996:
963:Archon of Pella
908:
900:Cornelius Nepos
815:
797:Ptolemaic Egypt
789:Ptolemy I Soter
782:
679:Ptolemy I Soter
643:
530:
486:Battle of Ipsus
368:Parthian Empire
350:Iranian plateau
330:Seleucid Empire
315:
311:
307:
304:
301:
298:
248:
244:
199:
195:
182:
148:
140:
122:
114:
111:
66:Seleucid Empire
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11506:
11496:
11495:
11490:
11485:
11480:
11475:
11470:
11465:
11460:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11430:
11425:
11420:
11415:
11413:350s BC births
11410:
11393:
11392:
11387:
11386:
11383:
11382:
11379:
11378:
11371:
11348:
11331:
11324:
11301:
11294:
11280:Potts, Timothy
11270:
11256:
11234:
11224:
11223:
11220:
11219:
11209:
11198:
11197:
11190:
11183:
11176:
11172:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11152:
11146:
11145:
11104:
11097:
11093:
11092:
11074:
11053:
11049:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11029:
11023:
11022:
11015:
11011:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10989:
10988:
10981:
10977:
10976:
10959:
10955:
10954:
10847:
10843:
10842:
10819:
10814:
10809:
10805:
10804:
10799:
10790:
10786:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10763:
10762:
10755:
10754:30 BCE–116 CE
10751:
10750:
10688:Mithridates IV
10670:Mithridates II
10649:
10611:
10606:Aristobulus II
10579:
10575:
10574:
10499:Argead dynasty
10483:
10388:Argead dynasty
10384:
10380:
10379:
10371:
10370:
10350:
10349:
10341:Artaxerxes III
10304:
10302:Kings of Sidon
10291:
10278:
10274:
10273:
10250:
10245:Labashi-Marduk
10224:
10189:
10185:
10184:
10179:
10173:
10172:
10147:Nergal-ushezib
10102:
10083:Black Pharaohs
10065:
10061:
10060:
10028:
10001:Ninurta-apla-X
9962:
9960:Ashur-nirari V
9954:Shalmaneser IV
9944:Shamshi-Adad V
9932:Adad-nirari II
9923:
9913:
9822:
9818:
9817:
9787:
9783:
9782:
9776:
9733:
9716:Shalmaneser II
9704:Ashur-bel-kala
9692:Mutakkil-Nusku
9648:Middle Assyria
9644:
9637:
9612:Kings of Sidon
9595:
9519:
9518:1155–1025 BCE
9515:
9514:
9501:Elamite Empire
9497:
9464:
9463:
9455:Hittite Empire
9451:
9419:
9418:
9403:
9402:
9376:
9365:Meli-Shipak II
9335:Nazi-Maruttash
9299:Burnaburiash I
9278:
9250:
9249:1531–1155 BCE
9246:
9245:
9226:
9181:
9141:
9140:
9087:
9023:
9008:Enlil-Nasir II
8987:Ashur-nirari I
8981:Ishme-Dagan II
8972:Sharma-Adad II
8924:Ashur-apla-idi
8915:1735–1701 BCE)
8894:Ashur-apla-idi
8876:Shamshi-Adad I
8871:1808–1736 BCE)
8856:
8851:Yamhad dynasty
8841:
8839:Kings of Sidon
8818:
8805:
8804:1800–1595 BCE
8801:
8800:
8767:
8766:
8754:
8618:
8608:Puzur-Ashur II
8575:
8518:
8485:
8484:
8479:Mentuhotep III
8448:
8447:
8430:
8425:
8417:
8416:2025-1763 BCE
8413:
8412:
8384:Ur III dynasty
8380:
8361:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8341:
8330:Neferkare VIII
8318:
8314:
8313:
8306:
8305:
8277:
8263:
8261:
8248:
8234:Gutian dynasty
8230:
8206:
8205:
8197:
8192:Nebkaure Khety
8186:Meryibre Khety
8177:
8173:
8172:
8155:
8122:
8120:
8104:
8077:
8076:
8070:
8041:
8031:
8017:Neferkamin Anu
7990:Neferkare Neby
7963:
7959:
7958:
7954:Lugal-ushumgal
7951:
7936:
7932:
7931:
7910:
7891:
7890:
7882:
7880:
7876:
7875:
7861:
7848:
7846:
7842:
7841:
7836:
7827:
7822:
7814:
7801:
7796:
7792:
7791:
7787:Lugalannemundu
7777:
7742:
7738:
7737:
7732:
7718:
7701:
7682:
7673:
7664:
7659:
7643:
7630:
7626:
7625:
7608:
7603:
7599:
7598:
7587:
7578:
7577:
7568:
7559:
7554:Djedkare Isesi
7551:Menkauhor Kaiu
7523:
7519:
7518:
7495:
7478:
7454:
7452:Pabilgagaltuku
7441:
7436:
7422:
7411:Akshak dynasty
7407:
7398:
7350:
7344:
7340:
7339:
7326:
7277:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7251:
7236:Enun-dara-anna
7231:
7230:
7191:
7174:
7159:
7141:
7139:
7117:
7116:
7110:
7063:
7059:
7058:
7044:
7029:
7013:
7012:
7005:
7004:
6993:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6944:
6943:
6929:
6892:
6885:
6884:
6860:Kullassina-bel
6845:
6837:
6826:
6825:
6819:
6741:
6737:
6736:
6715:
6706:
6701:
6652:Narmer Palette
6634:
6633:3100–2900 BCE
6630:
6629:
6562:
6492:
6491:
6476:
6475:3200–3100 BCE
6472:
6471:
6458:
6426:
6425:
6420:
6414:
6409:
6390:
6389:4000–3200 BCE
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6344:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6291:Rulers of the
6288:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6265:
6256:
6255:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6228:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6151:
6146:
6143:
6137:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6006:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5980:
5966:
5952:
5942:
5932:
5922:
5912:
5902:
5895:
5885:
5875:
5865:
5851:
5841:
5831:
5821:
5803:
5793:
5783:
5768:
5766:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5742:
5735:
5721:
5707:
5697:
5691:
5681:
5671:
5661:
5651:
5644:
5634:
5624:
5614:
5604:
5590:
5580:
5570:
5556:
5546:
5536:
5526:
5516:
5509:
5494:
5492:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5439:
5433:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5403:
5396:
5394:
5389:Somatophylakes
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5358:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5338:
5337:
5330:
5323:
5315:
5306:
5305:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5215:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5192:
5183:
5182:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5125:Neoptolemus II
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5086:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5040:
5031:
5022:
5020:Mithridates II
5017:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4986:Paerisades III
4983:
4978:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4919:
4917:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4883:Ariobarzanes I
4880:
4875:
4870:
4868:Ariarathes VII
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4843:Ariarathes III
4840:
4835:
4830:
4824:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4790:Mithridates II
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4693:Mithridates II
4690:
4685:
4679:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4556:Apollodotus II
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4281:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4184:Cleopatra Thea
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3758:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3741:
3732:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3712:Regnal titles
3709:
3708:
3683:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3662:
3654:
3653:External links
3651:
3650:
3649:
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2822:, p. 105.
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2323:
2312:
2294:
2283:Chisholm, Hugh
2237:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2211:pronunciation:
2200:
2186:King of Persia
2177:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
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2162:
2159:
2070:
2067:
2036:
2033:
1955:
1952:
1846:Main article:
1843:
1840:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1777:
1633:Takht-i Sangin
1629:Greco-Bactrian
1555:Mauryan empire
1498:
1465:Main article:
1418:
1415:
1405:
1402:
1385:
1382:
1322:Babylonian War
1320:Main article:
1317:
1316:Babylonian War
1314:
1285:
1282:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1155:battle of Gaza
1106:Main article:
1103:
1100:
1055:
1052:
998:Main article:
995:
992:
907:
904:
811:Main article:
781:
778:
736:, daughter of
671:Hydaspes river
642:
639:
529:
526:
364:Roman Republic
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
204:
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190:
184:
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106:
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58:
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36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11505:
11494:
11491:
11489:
11486:
11484:
11483:City founders
11481:
11479:
11476:
11474:
11471:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11424:
11421:
11419:
11418:281 BC deaths
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11405:
11403:
11374:
11368:
11364:
11363:
11358:
11352:
11346:
11340:
11338:
11336:
11327:
11321:
11317:
11316:
11311:
11310:Roux, Georges
11305:
11297:
11291:
11287:
11286:
11281:
11274:
11266:
11260:
11252:
11248:
11244:
11238:
11229:
11225:
11221:
11218:
11214:
11208:
11204:
11199:
11196:
11195:
11189:
11188:
11182:
11181:
11174:
11173:
11170:
11165:
11160:
11156:
11151:
11147:
11144:
11141:
11138:
11137:Yazdegerd III
11135:
11132:
11129:
11126:
11123:
11120:
11117:
11114:
11111:
11108:
11103:
11102:
11094:
11091:
11088:
11084:
11080:
11079:
11073:
11070:
11069:Sahralanyozan
11067:
11063:
11058:
11051:
11050:
11047:
11042:
11037:
11033:
11028:
11024:
11021:
11020:
11012:
11009:
11004:
10999:
10994:
10990:
10987:
10986:
10978:
10975:
10972:
10969:
10965:
10964:
10957:
10956:
10953:
10950:
10947:
10944:
10941:
10938:
10935:
10932:
10929:
10926:
10923:
10920:
10917:
10914:
10911:
10908:
10905:
10902:
10899:
10896:
10893:
10890:
10887:
10884:
10881:
10878:
10875:
10872:
10869:
10862:
10857:
10853:
10852:
10845:
10844:
10841:
10838:
10835:
10832:
10829:
10826:
10825:Mithridates V
10823:
10822:Sinatruces II
10818:
10813:
10807:
10806:
10803:
10798:
10794:
10787:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10761:
10760:
10752:
10749:
10746:
10745:Artabanus III
10743:
10740:
10737:
10734:
10731:
10728:
10725:
10722:
10719:
10716:
10715:Tiridates III
10713:
10710:
10707:
10704:
10701:
10698:
10695:
10692:
10689:
10686:
10683:
10680:
10677:
10674:
10671:
10668:
10665:
10662:
10659:
10658:Mithridates I
10655:
10654:
10648:
10645:
10642:
10639:
10636:
10633:
10630:
10627:
10624:
10621:
10618:
10615:
10610:
10607:
10604:
10601:
10598:
10595:
10594:Aristobulus I
10592:
10591:John Hyrcanus
10589:
10585:
10584:
10577:
10576:
10573:
10570:
10567:
10564:
10561:
10560:Alexander III
10558:
10555:
10552:
10549:
10546:
10545:Antiochus III
10543:
10540:
10537:
10534:
10531:
10527:
10526:
10521:
10517:
10516:
10511:
10508:
10505:
10504:Alexander III
10501:
10500:
10492:
10487:
10482:
10479:
10476:
10473:
10470:
10467:
10464:
10461:
10458:
10455:
10452:
10449:
10446:
10443:
10440:
10439:Cleopatra III
10437:
10434:
10431:
10428:
10425:
10422:
10419:
10416:
10413:
10410:
10407:
10404:
10401:
10398:
10394:
10393:
10389:
10382:
10381:
10378:
10377:
10372:
10369:
10368:
10363:
10362:
10357:
10356:
10351:
10348:
10345:
10344:Artaxerxes IV
10342:
10339:
10338:Artaxerxes II
10336:
10333:
10330:
10327:
10324:
10321:
10317:
10316:
10309:
10303:
10299:
10298:Kings of Tyre
10295:
10289:
10284:
10283:
10275:
10272:
10269:
10266:
10263:
10260:
10256:
10255:
10254:Median Empire
10249:
10246:
10243:
10240:
10237:
10234:
10230:
10229:
10223:
10220:
10217:
10214:
10211:
10208:
10205:
10201:
10200:
10195:
10194:
10187:
10186:
10183:
10178:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10163:
10162:Sinsharishkun
10160:
10157:
10154:
10151:
10148:
10145:
10142:
10139:
10136:
10133:
10130:
10127:
10124:
10121:
10117:
10115:
10108:
10107:
10101:
10098:
10095:
10092:
10089:
10084:
10076:
10071:
10070:
10062:
10059:
10055:
10051:
10047:
10043:
10039:
10034:
10033:
10026:
10023:
10020:
10017:
10014:
10011:
10008:
10005:
10002:
9999:(five kings)
9998:
9995:
9992:
9989:
9986:
9983:
9980:
9977:
9973:
9967:
9961:
9958:
9957:Ashur-Dan III
9955:
9952:
9948:
9945:
9942:
9939:
9936:
9933:
9929:
9928:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9911:
9908:
9904:
9903:
9897:
9894:
9891:
9888:
9885:
9882:
9879:
9876:
9872:
9871:
9864:
9861:
9860:
9856:
9853:
9850:
9847:
9844:
9841:
9838:
9835:
9832:
9828:
9827:
9820:
9819:
9816:
9813:
9810:
9807:
9804:
9801:
9798:
9797:Ea-mukin-zeri
9795:
9794:Simbar-shipak
9791:
9786:1025–934 BCE
9785:
9784:
9780:
9775:
9772:
9769:
9766:
9763:
9760:
9757:
9754:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9741:
9739:
9732:
9729:
9726:
9723:
9722:Ashur-rabi II
9720:
9717:
9714:
9711:
9708:
9707:Eriba-Adad II
9705:
9702:
9699:
9696:
9693:
9690:
9687:
9684:
9681:
9678:
9675:
9672:
9669:
9668:Shalmaneser I
9666:
9665:Adad-nirari I
9663:
9660:
9657:
9654:
9650:
9649:
9643:
9642:
9636:
9632:
9628:
9624:
9620:
9619:
9613:
9609:
9608:Kings of Tyre
9605:
9601:
9600:
9594:
9593:
9590:
9587:
9584:
9581:
9578:
9575:
9571:
9570:
9564:
9563:
9557:
9554:
9551:
9548:
9547:Ramesses VIII
9545:
9542:
9539:
9536:
9533:
9530:
9525:
9524:
9517:
9516:
9513:
9509:
9508:
9503:
9502:
9496:
9493:
9490:
9487:
9484:
9481:
9478:
9475:
9471:
9470:
9465:
9462:
9457:
9456:
9450:
9447:
9444:
9441:
9438:
9437:
9433:
9430:
9429:Amenhotep III
9427:
9424:
9420:
9417:
9414:
9411:
9408:
9404:
9401:
9398:
9394:
9393:
9388:
9387:
9380:
9375:
9372:
9369:
9366:
9363:
9360:
9357:
9354:
9351:
9348:
9345:
9342:
9339:
9336:
9333:
9330:
9327:
9324:
9321:
9318:
9315:
9312:
9309:
9306:
9303:
9300:
9297:
9293:
9291:
9283:
9277:
9274:
9270:
9269:
9264:
9263:
9255:
9247:
9244:
9241:
9238:
9232:
9231:
9225:
9222:
9219:
9216:
9213:
9212:
9208:
9207:
9198:
9192:
9187:
9186:
9180:
9179:
9175:
9174:
9169:
9165:
9164:
9159:
9155:
9154:
9149:
9148:
9142:
9139:
9136:
9135:Melamkurkurra
9133:
9129:
9128:Ayadaragalama
9126:
9123:
9119:
9116:
9113:
9109:
9106:
9105:Itti-ili-nibi
9103:
9099:
9097:
9086:
9081:
9078:
9075:
9072:
9069:
9066:
9063:
9060:
9057:
9054:
9051:
9048:
9044:
9042:
9035:
9028:
9022:
9021:
9018:
9015:
9012:
9009:
9006:
9003:
9000:
8999:Ashur-shaduni
8997:
8994:
8993:Enlil-nasir I
8991:
8988:
8985:
8982:
8979:
8976:
8973:
8970:
8967:
8964:
8961:
8958:
8957:Sharma-Adad I
8955:
8952:
8948:1700–722 BCE)
8946:
8940:
8937:
8934:
8931:
8928:
8925:
8922:
8919:
8910:
8907:
8904:
8901:
8898:
8895:
8892:
8889:
8886:
8883:
8880:
8879:Ishme-Dagan I
8877:
8868:
8862:
8861:
8852:
8847:
8846:
8840:
8836:
8835:Kings of Tyre
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8816:
8811:
8810:
8802:
8799:
8796:
8793:
8792:Amenemhat III
8790:
8787:
8784:
8781:
8778:
8774:
8773:
8768:
8765:
8760:
8759:
8752:
8748:
8744:
8740:
8736:
8733:
8730:
8727:
8724:
8721:
8718:
8715:
8712:
8709:
8706:
8703:
8700:
8697:
8693:
8689:
8686:
8683:
8680:
8677:
8674:
8671:
8668:
8665:
8662:
8659:
8656:
8653:
8650:
8647:
8643:
8642:
8635:
8629:
8624:
8623:
8617:
8613:
8609:
8605:
8601:
8597:
8593:
8589:
8585:
8584:Puzur-Ashur I
8581:
8580:
8573:
8569:
8566:
8563:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8549:
8543:
8535:
8531:
8526:
8523:
8517:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8491:
8490:Third Eblaite
8486:
8483:
8482:Mentuhotep IV
8480:
8477:
8476:Mentuhotep II
8474:
8471:
8468:
8465:
8461:
8460:
8455:
8454:
8449:
8445:
8441:
8437:
8435:
8429:
8424:
8422:
8414:
8411:
8408:
8405:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8386:
8385:
8377:
8373:
8369:
8365:
8356:
8355:
8352:
8348:
8346:
8340:
8337:
8334:
8333:Wahkare Khety
8331:
8328:
8324:
8323:
8316:
8315:
8312:
8307:
8304:
8300:
8296:
8289:
8285:
8281:
8274:
8270:
8268:
8260:
8256:
8252:
8247:
8243:
8236:
8235:
8229:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8201:Ur III period
8196:
8193:
8190:
8189:Neferkare VII
8187:
8183:
8182:
8174:
8171:
8167:
8163:
8159:
8153:
8149:
8145:
8141:
8137:
8136:Ur-Ningirsu I
8133:
8129:
8127:
8119:
8115:
8111:
8109:
8103:
8099:
8094:
8090:
8086:
8082:
8078:
8075:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8052:
8047:
8046:
8040:
8037:
8030:
8027:
8024:
8021:
8018:
8015:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8003:
8000:
7997:
7994:
7991:
7988:
7985:
7981:
7980:
7975:
7974:
7969:
7968:
7960:
7955:
7949:
7944:
7940:
7934:
7933:
7930:
7926:
7922:
7918:
7914:
7909:
7906:
7903:
7898:
7897:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7881:
7877:
7872:
7868:
7866:
7860:
7856:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7843:
7840:
7835:
7831:
7826:
7819:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7788:
7784:
7782:
7775:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7761:
7758:
7755:
7752:
7748:
7747:
7740:
7739:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7717:
7713:
7709:
7705:
7702:
7699:
7694:
7690:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7671:Lugal-kisalsi
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7648:
7644:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7631:
7628:
7627:
7621:
7616:
7612:
7607:
7604:
7601:
7600:
7597:
7593:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7576:
7572:
7567:
7563:
7558:
7555:
7552:
7549:
7546:
7543:
7540:
7537:
7534:
7529:
7528:
7520:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7500:
7494:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7477:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7459:
7453:
7448:
7446:
7440:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7412:
7406:
7402:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7370:
7365:
7361:
7356:
7355:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7336:
7332:
7331:
7325:
7324:
7320:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7309:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7293:
7289:
7288:
7283:
7282:
7275:
7274:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7256:
7250:
7249:
7245:
7241:
7237:
7232:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7196:
7190:
7184:
7180:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7158:
7154:
7148:
7146:
7138:
7134:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7118:
7114:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7093:
7090:
7085:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7068:
7060:
7057:
7050:
7049:
7042:
7037:
7033:
7027:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7003:
7002:
6998:
6992:
6991:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6970:
6966:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6950:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6936:
6934:
6928:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6903:
6900:
6897:
6891:
6886:
6883:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6870:
6865:
6864:Nangishlishma
6861:
6857:
6852:
6850:
6843:
6842:
6835:
6832:
6831:First Eblaite
6827:
6823:
6817:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6804:
6803:
6799:
6798:
6794:
6791:
6790:Seth-Peribsen
6788:
6787:
6783:
6782:
6778:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6767:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6755:
6752:
6751:Hotepsekhemwy
6747:
6746:
6738:
6732:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6720:
6719:Proto-Elamite
6712:
6711:
6705:
6700:
6699:
6695:
6694:
6690:
6687:
6684:
6681:
6677:
6674:
6671:
6668:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6650:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6639:
6631:
6627:
6626:
6622:
6621:Double Falcon
6619:
6618:
6614:
6613:
6609:
6608:
6604:
6603:
6599:
6598:
6594:
6593:
6589:
6588:
6584:
6583:
6579:
6578:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6567:
6561:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6549:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6510:
6509:
6505:
6504:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6487:
6482:
6481:
6473:
6467:
6462:
6454:
6448:
6442:
6434:
6433:
6427:
6424:
6418:
6413:
6407:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6395:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6298:
6294:
6286:
6281:
6279:
6274:
6272:
6267:
6266:
6263:
6251:
6247:
6238:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6130:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5897:Amphimachus (
5896:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5758:
5754:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5484:
5480:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5384:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5346:
5343:
5336:
5331:
5329:
5324:
5322:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5224:
5220:
5213:
5208:
5206:
5201:
5199:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5179:
5173:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5105:Neoptolemus I
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
5001:Mithridates I
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4991:Paerisades IV
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4954:Paerisades II
4952:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4943:Spartokos III
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4878:Ariarathes IX
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4863:Ariarathes VI
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4848:Ariarathes IV
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:Ariarathes II
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4805:Antiochus III
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4780:Mithridates I
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4655:Nicomedes III
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4486:Demetrius III
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4441:Antimachus II
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4431:Apollodotus I
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:Eucratides II
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4353:Euthydemus II
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4081:Ptolemy Apion
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
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4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:Cleopatra III
3986:
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3979:
3976:
3974:
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3779:
3774:
3772:
3767:
3765:
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3759:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3737:
3736:Seleucid King
3729:
3725:
3719:New creation
3715:
3710:
3705:
3698: 358 BC
3693:
3688:
3687:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
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3646:
3640:
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3621:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3573:Ancient India
3569:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:. Routledge.
3551:
3546:
3542:
3540:0-415-04701-3
3536:
3533:. Routledge.
3532:
3527:
3523:
3511:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3465:
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3446:
3442:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3368:
3361:
3353:
3346:
3339:. p. 97.
3338:
3331:
3323:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3250:
3247:
3242:
3234:
3221:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3201:public domain
3191:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3043:, p. 35.
3042:
3037:
3031:, p. 38.
3030:
3029:Mookerji 1988
3025:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
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2949:
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2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2884:
2883:81-206-1303-1
2880:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2828:
2821:
2820:Majumdar 2003
2816:
2810:, p. 37.
2809:
2804:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2777:
2770:, p. 33.
2769:
2764:
2762:
2754:
2749:
2743:, p. 34.
2742:
2737:
2735:
2725:
2716:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2666:
2664:
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2545:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2456:
2446:
2440:Heckel p. 256
2437:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
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2328:
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2316:
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2298:
2290:
2289:
2284:
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2274:
2273:public domain
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2197:Lord of Asia
2195:
2191:
2190:King of Kings
2187:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2132:
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2066:
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2059:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2004:, whose wife
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1960:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1941:Orontes River
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
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1874:
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1858:
1854:
1849:
1839:
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1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:to the river
1778:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1733:to Seleucus.
1732:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
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1630:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:Paropamisadae
1595:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1580:gave them to
1579:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
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1066:
1062:
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1045:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
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1020:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1001:
991:
988:
984:
980:
976:
971:
968:
964:
959:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
929:
921:
917:
912:
903:
901:
897:
893:
892:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
865:to obey him.
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
814:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
777:
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771:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:Silvershields
664:
660:
652:
647:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
613:
609:
603:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:war elephants
474:
473:Maurya Empire
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
377:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:, led by the
331:
327:
323:
292:
281:
275:
242:
234:
231:
227:
224:
221:
217:
214:
211:
209:
205:
202:
198:
194:
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185:
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171:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
143:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
117:
112: 358 BC
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
59:
52:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
11361:
11351:
11315:Ancient Iraq
11314:
11304:
11284:
11273:
11259:
11250:
11237:
11228:
11192:
11185:
11178:
11107:Ardashir III
11099:
11076:
11017:
10985:Roman Empire
10983:
10961:
10919:Yazdegerd II
10849:
10840:Artabanus IV
10837:Vologases VI
10828:Vologases IV
10759:Roman Empire
10757:
10742:Vologases II
10718:Artabanus II
10712:Artabanus II
10697:Tiridates II
10685:Phraates III
10651:
10588:Simon Thassi
10581:
10563:Demetrius II
10551:Antiochus IV
10542:Seleucus III
10536:Antiochus II
10529:
10523:
10513:
10510:Alexander IV
10497:
10485:
10469:Ptolemy XIII
10451:Berenice III
10445:Cleopatra IV
10386:
10383:331–141 BCE
10374:
10365:
10359:
10353:
10332:Artaxerxes I
10313:
10280:
10277:539–331 BCE
10252:
10233:Nabopolassar
10226:
10197:
10191:
10188:626–539 BCE
10156:Ashurbanipal
10111:
10110:
10104:
10067:
10064:745–609 BCE
10030:
10010:Eriba-Marduk
9971:
9925:
9900:
9868:
9867:
9857:
9846:Shoshenq III
9824:
9821:911–745 BCE
9789:
9771:Marduk-zer-X
9735:
9731:Ashur-dan II
9662:Arik-den-ili
9659:Enlil-nirari
9653:Eriba-Adad I
9646:
9639:
9616:
9597:
9592:Psusennes II
9567:
9566:
9560:
9544:Ramesses VII
9532:Ramesses III
9521:
9505:
9499:
9467:
9453:
9434:
9423:Amenhotep II
9416:Thutmose III
9390:
9384:
9381:
9332:Kurigalzu II
9326:Kara-hardash
9296:Agum-Kakrime
9287:
9266:
9260:
9228:
9211:'Aper-'Anati
9209:
9204:
9183:
9177:
9171:
9167:
9161:
9157:
9151:
9145:
9144:
9108:Damqi-ilishu
9091:
9080:Samsu-Ditana
9062:Sin-muballit
9053:Sin-muballit
9032:
9002:Ashur-rabi I
8867:Shamshi-Adad
8864:
8858:
8843:
8813:
8807:
8795:Amenemhat IV
8789:Senusret III
8783:Amenemhat II
8770:
8756:
8742:
8691:
8688:Damiq-ilishu
8658:Lipit-Eshtar
8639:
8620:
8577:
8545:
8541:
8525:Shakkanakkus
8488:
8464:Mentuhotep I
8457:
8451:
8432:
8419:
8382:
8376:Puzur-Ishtar
8343:
8338:
8320:
8273:Lugalannatum
8265:
8232:
8199:
8179:
8158:Hishep-Ratep
8124:
8106:
8043:
8033:
7987:Neferkare II
7977:
7971:
7965:
7912:
7894:
7884:
7863:
7816:Invasion by
7779:
7744:
7720:
7712:Enannatum II
7676:E-iginimpa'e
7645:
7637:Igrish-Halam
7548:Nyuserre Ini
7525:
7499:Awan dynasty
7497:
7456:
7443:
7424:
7409:
7400:
7384:Ishtup-Ishar
7364:Iku-Shamagan
7360:Ikun-Shamash
7352:
7330:Ur I dynasty
7328:
7321:
7310:
7285:
7279:
7253:
7234:
7193:
7176:
7161:
7143:
7102:
7094:
7065:
7046:
7009:Enmebaragesi
6995:
6976:
6947:
6938:
6931:
6894:
6889:
6869:En-tarah-ana
6854:
6847:
6839:
6829:
6805:
6802:Neferkasokar
6800:
6795:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6743:
6723:
6717:
6708:
6696:
6691:
6642:
6636:
6623:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6564:
6550:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6503:Finger Snail
6501:
6495:
6478:
6447:Anu Ziggurat
6430:
6398:
6392:
6310:Territories/
6243:
6102:
5944:
5388:
5140:Alexander II
4996:Paerisades V
4959:Spartokos IV
4923:Paerisades I
4898:Ariarathes X
4853:Ariarathes V
4828:Ariarathes I
4810:Antiochus IV
4795:Antiochus II
4727:Pharnaces II
4688:Ariobarzanes
4660:Nicomedes IV
4650:Nicomedes II
4576:Apollophanes
4561:Hippostratos
4476:Heliokles II
4436:Demetrius II
4416:Antimachus I
4378:Eucratides I
4373:Demetrius II
4358:Antimachus I
4343:Euthydemus I
4103:
4028:Ptolemy XIII
4003:Berenice III
3850:Antipater II
3817:Alexander IV
3734:
3728:Alexander IV
3703:
3691:
3684:
3634:
3615:
3596:
3572:
3549:
3530:
3501:
3482:
3463:
3440:
3416:
3388:
3367:Dura-Europos
3366:
3360:
3352:Dura-Europos
3351:
3345:
3336:
3330:
3322:Dura-Europos
3321:
3289:
3283:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3241:
3229:|title=
3209:
3190:
3158:John Malalas
3153:
3144:
3134:
3125:
3121:
3101:
3079:
3068:
3057:
3048:
3036:
3024:
2995:
2980:
2976:
2967:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2901:
2898:
2890:
2874:
2866:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2815:
2803:
2784:
2748:
2724:
2715:
2703:. Retrieved
2699:the original
2688:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2596:
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2571:the original
2560:
2551:
2543:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2445:
2428:, p. 64
2421:
2420:76; Arrian,
2417:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2286:
2232:
2227:
2203:
2181:
2154:
2150:
2146:Dura-Europos
2143:
2123:
2115:
2099:
2086:
2082:
2062:
2054:
2038:
2010:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1969:
1963:
1949:
1921:
1918:
1882:
1868:
1864:
1836:Persian Gulf
1833:
1829:
1759:
1753:Eratosthenes
1735:
1731:aphrodisiacs
1728:
1709:
1704:
1697:Chandragupta
1690:
1684:
1683:source, the
1674:
1671:
1666:River Cophes
1662:Paropamisadë
1647:
1642:
1587:
1582:Sandrocottus
1574:
1551:Sandrokottos
1550:
1536:
1517:
1507:
1494:
1477:Indus Valley
1470:
1458:
1438:
1407:
1398:
1387:
1374:Dura-Europos
1370:Balikh River
1367:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1344:
1340:Indus Rivers
1333:
1306:
1302:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1225:
1219:
1178:Seleucid era
1163:
1117:
1111:
1092:Alexander IV
1073:
1067:and then to
1057:
1038:, satrap of
1032:
1026:
1011:
1003:
972:
960:
936:
925:
891:Argyraspides
889:
867:
838:
827:Alexander IV
816:
758:
753:
723:
710:
662:
656:
650:
619:John Malalas
617:
604:
593:
588:
582:
536:. Historian
531:
498:
458:
374:
372:
353:
240:
239:
149:(modern-day
123:(modern-day
84:Alexander IV
40:
29:
11247:Simpson, W.
11175:639–651 CE
11122:Azarmidokht
11113:Khosrow III
11096:628–641 CE
11052:618–628 CE
11014:395–618 CE
10980:273–395 CE
10968:Vaballathus
10958:270–273 CE
10922:Hormizd III
10907:Yazdegerd I
10898:Ardashir II
10892:Adur Narseh
10846:224–270 CE
10834:Vologases V
10808:117–224 CE
10789:116–117 CE
10736:Vardanes II
10733:Vologases I
10724:Gotarzes II
10694:Phraates IV
10664:Hyspaosines
10603:Hyrcanus II
10578:141–30 BCE
10557:Demetrius I
10554:Antiochus V
10548:Seleucus IV
10539:Seleucus II
10533:Antiochus I
10520:Antigonus I
10472:Ptolemy XIV
10460:Cleopatra V
10242:Neriglissar
10239:Amel-Marduk
10222:Psamtik III
10193:Late Period
10132:Sennacherib
10123:Shalmaneser
10050:Tammaritu I
9947:Shammuramat
9890:Takelot III
9887:Osorkon III
9884:Shoshenq VI
9859:Pedubast II
9849:Shoshenq IV
9837:Shoshenq II
9686:Ashur-dan I
9627:Ish-bosheth
9580:Psusennes I
9556:Ramesses XI
9550:Ramesses IX
9541:Ramesses VI
9535:Ramesses IV
9480:Ramesses II
9443:Tutankhamun
9426:Thutmose IV
9410:Thutmose II
9344:Kudur-Enlil
9329:Nazi-Bugash
9317:Kurigalzu I
9305:Ulamburiash
9276:Amenhotep I
9257:Tutankhamun
9243:Parshatatar
9240:Shuttarna I
9173:Seventeenth
9102:Ilum-ma-ili
9077:Ammi-saduqa
9074:Ammi-ditana
9068:Samsu-iluna
8975:Erishum III
8936:Adad-salulu
8933:Ipqi-Ishtar
8921:Ashur-dugul
8906:Adad-salulu
8903:Ipqi-Ishtar
8891:Ashur-dugul
8860:Old Assyria
8855:(Amorites)
8798:Sobekneferu
8786:Senusret II
8777:Amenemhat I
8749:Sîn-iribam
8726:Sin-Iqisham
8720:Sin-Iddinam
8670:Erra-imitti
8667:Lipit-Enlil
8655:Ishme-Dagan
8652:Iddin-Dagan
8588:Shalim-ahum
8579:Old Assyria
8565:Yasmah-Adad
8542:Lim Dynasty
8534:Hanun-Dagan
8530:Hitial-Erra
8295:Ur-Ningirsu
8251:Kuda (Uruk)
8224:Ishgum-Addu
8214:Ishtup-Ilum
8066:Ishma-Dagan
8051:Shakkanakku
8029:Neferirkare
8026:Neferkauhor
7929:Ili-ishmani
7908:Manishtushu
7871:Lugalzagesi
7867:III dynasty
7851:Puzur-Nirah
7566:Ishar-Malik
7545:Shepseskare
7335:Mesannepada
7260:Nin-kisalsi
7248:Lugal-kitun
7218:Meskalamdug
7204:Ur-Pabilsag
7017:Aga of Kish
6926:Barsal-nuna
6811:Khasekhemwy
6797:Neferkara I
6776:Weneg-Nebty
6754:Nebra/Raneb
6566:Lower Egypt
6552:Scorpion II
6497:Upper Egypt
6449:, 4000 BCE)
6432:Uruk period
6145:Amphimachus
6108:Polyperchon
6060:Neoptolemus
6015:Hephaestion
5899:Mesopotamia
5862:Paphlagonia
5744:Scythaeus (
5648:Mesopotamia
5646:Arcesilas (
5627:Neoptolemus
5601:Paphlagonia
5474:(to 323 BC)
5468:(to 323 BC)
5462:(to 323 BC)
5450:(to 330 BC)
5444:(to 324 BC)
5442:Hephaestion
5438:(to 323 BC)
5432:(to 333 BC)
5426:(to 323 BC)
5420:(to 331 BC)
5414:(to 333 BC)
5408:(to 332 BC)
5402:(to 323 BC)
5161:Pyrrhus III
5145:Olympias II
5115:Alexander I
4972: [
4969:Spartokos V
4838:Ariamnes II
4785:Antiochus I
4747:Pythodorida
4703:Pharnaces I
4624:Zipoetes II
4619:Nicomedes I
4536:Artemidoros
4531:Menander II
4471:Antialcidas
4456:Agathokleia
4411:Demetrius I
4403:Indo-Greeks
4393:Heliocles I
4348:Demetrius I
4338:Diodotus II
4315:Eumenes III
4310:Attalus III
4285:Philetaerus
4254:Lysimachids
4066:Berenice II
4033:Ptolemy XIV
3915:(pretender)
3845:Alexander V
3827:Antipatrids
3785:Hellenistic
3740:305–281 BC
3518:|work=
3041:Kosmin 2014
2808:Kosmin 2014
2768:Kosmin 2014
2753:Kosmin 2014
2741:Kosmin 2014
2693:Polyaenus.
2524:Boyi p. 121
2209:Attic Greek
2079:Antiochus I
2046:Philetairos
1972:Antiochus I
1857:Tetradrachm
1804:From it to
1724:Bihar state
1716:Pataliputra
1712:Megasthenes
1277:Polyperchon
1080:Polyperchon
1065:Mesopotamia
1044:Paraitacene
916:Herculaneum
711:Hypaspistai
699:Hephaistion
663:Hypaspistai
651:Hypaspistai
615:Alexander.
510:Antiochus I
376:Hypaspistai
346:Mesopotamia
80:Predecessor
11402:Categories
11131:Khosrow IV
11128:Hormizd VI
11110:Shahrbaraz
11087:Khosrow II
11072:Shahrbaraz
11066:Shahrbaraz
10946:Khosrow II
10943:Hormizd IV
10901:Shapur III
10889:Hormizd II
10883:Bahram III
10868:Ardashir I
10739:Pacorus II
10730:Vonones II
10727:Meherdates
10721:Vardanes I
10706:Orodes III
10703:Phraates V
10682:Sinatruces
10530:Seleucus I
10507:Philip III
10481:Arsinoe IV
10406:Arsinoe II
10347:Darius III
10213:Psamtik II
10153:Esarhaddon
10046:Ummanigash
10016:Nabonassar
9910:Bakenranef
9881:Pedubast I
9878:Takelot II
9875:Harsiese A
9863:Osorkon IV
9855:Shoshenq V
9843:Osorkon II
9831:Shoshenq I
9577:Amenemnisu
9553:Ramesses X
9538:Ramesses V
9486:Amenmesses
9474:Ramesses I
9436:Smenkhkare
9413:Hatshepsut
9407:Thutmose I
9311:Karaindash
9050:Sumu-la-El
8882:Mut-Ashkur
8873:(Amorites)
8780:Senusret I
8739:Rim-Sin II
8729:Silli-Adad
8723:Sin-Eribam
8685:Suen-magir
8682:Ur-du-kuga
8679:Iter-pisha
8673:Enlil-bani
8661:Ur-Ninurta
8649:Shu-Ilishu
8646:Ishbi-Erra
8616:Erishum II
8562:Yahdun-Lim
8559:Yaggid-Lim
8372:Tura-Dagan
8351:Utu-hengal
8327:Meryhathor
8303:Nam-mahani
8269:II dynasty
8238:(21 kings)
8132:Puzer-Mama
8128:II dynasty
8110:IV dynasty
8023:Neferkaure
8020:Qakare Ibi
8011:Neferkahor
8002:Neferkamin
7921:Ilshu-rabi
7812:Ishqi-Mari
7808:Ikun-Ishar
7804:Enna-Dagan
7724:II dynasty
7698:Bara-irnun
7653:Puzur-Suen
7649:IV dynasty
7641:Irkab-Damu
7586:(3 kings)
7512:Ukkutahesh
7485:Meskiagnun
7481:A'annepada
7428:II dynasty
7323:Thamphthis
7319:Shepseskaf
7268:Lugal-dalu
7167:Udulkalama
7147:II dynasty
7089:Sekhemkhet
6997:Lugalbanda
6923:Melem-Kish
6919:En-me-nuna
6704:Canaanites
6698:Horus Bird
6663:Neithhotep
6536:Scorpion I
6486:Naqada III
6231:Tlepolemus
6210:Philoxenus
6040:Lysimachus
5915:Tlepolemus
5858:Cappadocia
5844:Philoxenus
5796:Arrhidaeus
5786:Lysimachus
5696:(Pelasgia)
5664:Tlepolemus
5597:Cappadocia
5519:Lysimachus
5424:Lysimachus
5400:Aristonous
5151:Pyrrhus II
5130:Alcetas II
5095:Tharrhypas
5062:Gepaepyris
5034:Scribonius
4928:Satyros II
4858:Orophernes
4770:Ptolemaeus
4752:Polemon II
4645:Prusias II
4614:Zipoetes I
4586:Strato III
4511:Theophilos
4491:Philoxenus
4446:Menander I
4426:Agathocles
4368:Agathocles
4333:Diodotus I
4305:Attalus II
4300:Eumenes II
4262:Lysimachus
3870:Antigonids
2719:Boiy p. 45
2705:7 November
2577:7 November
2426:Ogden 2017
2416:Plutarch,
2111:Lysimachia
2042:Cappadocia
2021:Ptolemy II
2013:Agathocles
2002:Agathocles
1998:Asia Minor
1906:Stratonice
1806:Calinipaxa
1660:, and the
1637:Tajikistan
1298:Bucephalus
1215:Lysimachus
1203:Seleucus I
882:Alexandria
851:Lysimachus
807:in 305 BC.
750:Darius III
738:Spitamenes
691:King Porus
683:Lysimachus
516:(300 BC),
490:Lysimachus
348:, and the
338:Asia Minor
316: 358
178:Stratonice
142:Lysimachia
11243:Hallo, W.
11140:Peroz III
10974:Antiochus
10940:Khosrow I
10910:Shapur IV
10904:Bahram IV
10895:Shapur II
10880:Bahram II
10874:Hormizd I
10831:Osroes II
10709:Vonones I
10691:Orodes II
10667:Artabanus
10335:Darius II
10262:Phraortes
10248:Nabonidus
10219:Ahmose II
10207:Psamtik I
10100:Tanutamun
9949:(regent)
9840:Takelot I
9834:Osorkon I
9599:Phoenicia
9583:Amenemope
9529:Setnakhte
9483:Merneptah
9432:Akhenaten
9215:Sakir-Har
9153:Sixteenth
9132:Akurduana
9118:Gulkishar
9115:Shushushi
9071:Abi-eshuh
9065:Hammurabi
9047:Sumu-abum
8969:Shu-Ninua
8960:Iptar-Sin
8930:Sin-namir
8927:Nasir-Sin
8918:Puzur-Sin
8900:Sin-namir
8897:Nasir-Sin
8751:Sîn-gāmil
8747:Sîn-kāšid
8735:Rim-Sin I
8732:Warad-Sin
8612:Naram-Sin
8596:Erishum I
8592:Ilu-shuma
8568:Zimri-Lim
8516:Indilimma
8503:Ibbit-Lim
8473:Intef III
8436:invasions
8423:invasions
8368:Ili-Ishar
8364:Iddi-ilum
8357:2100 BCE
8347:V dynasty
8317:2125 BCE
8255:Puzur-ili
8242:La-erabum
8176:2150 BCE
8102:Shu-turul
8095:(3 years)
8062:Shu-Dagan
7962:2200 BCE
7939:Naram-Sin
7935:2250 BCE
7879:2340 BCE
7845:2350 BCE
7839:Luh-ishan
7834:Urukagina
7830:Lugalanda
7799:Isar-Damu
7795:2370 BCE
7741:2380 BCE
7716:Enentarzi
7704:Enannatum
7693:Gishakidu
7657:Ur-Zababa
7633:Adub-Damu
7629:2400 BCE
7602:2425 BCE
7596:Napilhush
7584:invasions
7562:Enar-Damu
7542:Neferefre
7522:2450 BCE
7465:Ur-Nanshe
7460:I dynasty
7447:I dynasty
7388:Ikun-Mari
7347:Phoenicia
7343:2500 BCE
7276:2575 BCE
7244:Melamanna
7228:Akalamdug
7200:A-Imdugud
7163:Ur-Nungal
7150:(5 kings)
7137:Baba-Damu
7133:Ibbi-Damu
7062:2600 BCE
7032:Gilgamesh
6990:Iltasadum
6961:2700 BCE
6935:I dynasty
6888:2800 BCE
6851:I dynasty
6807:Hudjefa I
6740:2900 BCE
6686:Semerkhet
6678:(regent)
6665:(regent)
6572:Hedju Hor
6400:Naqada II
6227:Stasander
6218:Sibyrtius
6214:Scythaeus
6192:Peucestas
6153:Arcesilas
6113:Antigenes
6050:Leonnatus
6035:Antigonus
6010:Perdiccas
5987:Arachosia
5983:Sibyrtius
5977:Drangiana
5969:Stasander
5949:Babylonia
5935:Antigenes
5888:Peucestas
5824:Cassander
5818:Pamphylia
5806:Antigonus
5772:Antipater
5737:Amyntas (
5728:Arachosia
5724:Sibyrtius
5718:Drangiana
5684:Antigenes
5641:Babylonia
5637:Peucestas
5567:Pamphylia
5539:Antigonus
5529:Leonnatus
5498:Antipater
5472:Peucestas
5460:Perdiccas
5454:Leonnatus
5418:Demetrius
5372:Antipater
5367:Parmenion
5135:Pyrrhus I
5100:Alcetas I
5006:Pharnaces
4981:Kamasarye
4964:Leukon II
4948:Hygiainon
4903:Archelaus
4742:Polemon I
4640:Prusias I
4581:Strato II
4571:Zoilos II
4566:Dionysios
4546:Archebius
4516:Peukolaos
4481:Polyxenos
4421:Pantaleon
4363:Pantaleon
4295:Attalus I
4290:Eumenes I
4096:Seleucids
3924:Ptolemies
3913:Philip VI
3860:Sosthenes
3840:Philip IV
3835:Cassander
3802:Philip II
3570:(2003) .
3520:ignored (
3510:cite book
3485:. Brill.
3414:(1988) .
3294:Routledge
3013:Vindusara
2932:0890-4464
2856:Geography
2546:XIX 57,1.
2418:Alexander
2173:Citations
1976:Antiochus
1902:Phoenicia
1898:Palestine
1822:425 miles
1820:Palibotta
1794:112 miles
1776:168 miles
1772:) to the
1618:Kandhahar
1590:Arachosia
1541:with the
1539:waged war
1394:Antiochus
1363:Polyaenus
1309:Patrocles
1296:'s horse
1226:strategos
1211:Cassander
1207:Ptolemy I
1199:Antigonus
1151:Demetrius
1142:Polemaios
1096:Cassander
1088:Cassander
1040:Arachosia
1036:Sibyrtius
983:Antigonus
951:Antigenes
943:Peucestas
939:Antigonus
934:321 BC).
928:Antipater
896:Antigenes
874:Cleopatra
843:chiliarch
819:Perdiccas
719:Gedrosian
707:Leonnatus
675:Perdiccas
562:Paeonians
558:Macedonia
534:Antiochus
450:Babylonia
434:Antigonus
430:Antipater
418:Antigenes
390:chiliarch
382:Perdiccas
223:Antiochus
155:Çanakkale
90:Successor
11359:(2014).
11312:(1992).
11282:(2020).
11249:(1971).
11090:Kavad II
10916:Bahram V
10877:Bahram I
10871:Shapur I
10748:Osroes I
10679:Orodes I
10673:Gotarzes
10661:Phraates
10326:Darius I
10323:Cambyses
10271:Astyages
10268:Cyaxares
10210:Necho II
10141:Bel-ibni
10091:Shebitku
10054:Indabibi
9907:Tefnakht
9449:Horemheb
9308:Agum III
9290:Kassites
9273:Ahmose I
9138:Ea-gamil
9122:DIŠ+U-EN
9112:Ishkibal
9059:Apil-Sin
9041:Amorites
8951:Bel-bani
8826:Biblical
8717:Nur-Adad
8708:Gungunum
8696:Naplanum
8664:Bur-Suen
8628:Amorites
8604:Sargon I
8554:Amorites
8498:Amorites
8470:Intef II
8440:Kindattu
8428:Ibbi-Sin
8407:Amar-Sin
8401:Ur-Nammu
8336:Merykare
8228:Apil-kin
8140:Pirig-me
8118:Ur-gigir
8114:Ur-nigin
8054:dynasty)
7999:Merenhor
7925:Epirmupi
7754:Userkare
7708:Entemena
7685:Ur-Lumma
7680:Meskigal
7611:Eannatum
7606:Kun-Damu
7590:Shushun-
7575:Enakalle
7434:kushanna
7420:Undalulu
7392:Iblul-Il
7316:Menkaure
7312:Bikheris
7305:Djedefre
7264:Me-durba
7189:shaengur
7183:En-hegal
7171:Labashum
7129:Agur-lim
7125:Abur-lim
7104:Qahedjet
6949:Enmerkar
6781:Wadjenes
6771:Horus Sa
6766:Nubnefer
6757:Nynetjer
6731:Susa III
6693:Sneferka
6676:Merneith
6394:Naqada I
6223:Stasanor
6205:Philotas
6172:Nearchus
6103:Seleucus
6098:Craterus
6093:Meleager
6065:Erigyius
6045:Menander
6020:Philotas
5991:Gedrosia
5963:Sogdiana
5955:Stasanor
5945:Seleucus
5919:Carmania
5765:(321 BC)
5746:Sogdiana
5732:Gedrosia
5710:Stasanor
5704:Hyrcania
5583:Philotas
5573:Menander
5559:Nearchus
5491:(323 BC)
5412:Balacrus
5345:Generals
5166:Deidamia
5147:(regent)
5120:Aeacides
5057:Aspurgus
4950:(regent)
4933:Prytanis
4775:Sames II
4631:(regent)
4604:Boteiras
4551:Telephos
4541:Hermaeus
4496:Diomedes
4466:Strato I
4451:Zoilos I
4277:Attalids
3964:(regent)
3903:Philip V
3668:Archived
3386:(2014).
3208:(1897).
3162:viii.198
3091:Archived
3007:king of
2956:, p. 100
2940:24049090
2873:(1998).
2422:Anabasis
2336:, p. 55.
2161:See also
2151:phourion
2095:omphalus
2050:Pergamon
2006:Lysandra
1987:en masse
1943:valley.
1799:Rhodapha
1774:Hesudrus
1770:Hydaspes
1762:Hydaspes
1718:(Modern
1677:Epigamia
1654:Arachotë
1610:Sogdiana
1594:Gedrosia
1545:Emperor
1499:—
1473:Gandhara
1427:Seleucia
1413:(king).
1411:basileus
1390:Seleucia
1384:Seleucia
1348:Kassites
1336:Jaxartes
1284:Response
1273:Stasanor
1269:Sogdiana
1234:en masse
1146:Menelaos
1138:Erythrai
1118:Diadochi
1084:Eurydice
1076:Olympias
1061:Chaldean
1027:hypasiti
1023:triremes
1015:stadions
870:Diadochi
839:hetairoi
813:Diadochi
801:Basileus
754:en masse
721:desert.
695:Craterus
623:Didymeia
506:Lysandra
461:Gandhara
410:Pelusium
355:basileus
320:) was a
318:– 281 BC
213:Seleucid
151:Kavakköy
62:Basileus
42:Basileus
11143:Narsieh
10971:Zenobia
10952:Vistahm
10937:Kavad I
10931:Kavad I
10925:Peroz I
10913:Khosrow
10259:Deioces
10216:Wahibre
10204:Necho I
10097:Taharqa
10094:Shabaka
10078:Taharqa
10042:Teumman
9893:Rudamun
9635:Solomon
9574:Smendes
9495:Twosret
9489:Seti II
9230:Mitanni
9224:Khamudi
9178:Dynasty
9168:Dynasty
9158:Dynasty
8996:Nur-ili
8966:Lullaya
8869:dynasty
8821:Abraham
8711:Abisare
8676:Zambiya
8570:(Queen
8522:Amorite
8493:Kingdom
8467:Intef I
8434:Elamite
8421:Amorite
8410:Shu-Sin
8311:Tirigan
8280:Ur-Baba
8210:Nûr-Mêr
8148:Lu-gula
8144:Lu-Baba
8058:Ididish
8039:Kingdom
8036:Eblaite
8034:Second
7984:Menkare
7859:Shu-Sin
7855:Ishu-Il
7783:dynasty
7763:Pepi II
7696:(Queen
7582:Elamite
7533:Userkaf
7476:Akurgal
7405:Ku-Baba
7221:(Queen
7157:Mesilim
7092:Sanakht
7082:(First
6899:Zuqaqip
6896:Kalumum
6881:Kalibum
6877:Puannum
6834:Kingdom
6683:Anedjib
6667:Hor-Aha
6612:Nat-Hor
6545:Iry-Hor
6541:Shendjw
6513:Pen-Abu
6461:Susa II
6187:Peithon
6182:Nicanor
6177:Nicanor
6162:Asander
6149:Amyntas
6141:Alcetas
6134:command
6025:Ptolemy
5959:Bactria
5939:Susiana
5929:Parthia
5905:Peithon
5868:Ptolemy
5854:Nicanor
5848:Cilicia
5810:Phrygia
5776:Macedon
5759:at the
5757:Satraps
5739:Bactria
5688:Susiana
5678:Parthia
5674:Nicanor
5654:Peithon
5631:Armenia
5607:Ptolemy
5593:Eumenes
5587:Cilicia
5549:Asander
5543:Phrygia
5513:Illyria
5511:Philo (
5502:Macedon
5483:Satraps
5466:Ptolemy
5436:Peithon
5406:Arybbas
5377:Eumenes
5362:Attalus
5156:Ptolemy
5110:Arybbas
5090:Admetus
5072:Cotys I
5052:Polemon
5047:Polemon
5043:Dynamis
5038:Dynamis
5029:Dynamis
5025:Asander
5015:Dynamis
5011:Asander
4938:Eumelos
4737:Arsaces
4712:Laodice
4635:Ziaelas
4629:Etazeta
4506:Epander
4501:Amyntas
3908:Perseus
3794:Argeads
3724:Macedon
3203::
3128:: 1–64.
3009:Pausasa
2987:, 2007
2966:Pliny,
2285:(ed.).
2275::
1994:Thracia
1983:Cilicia
1945:Antioch
1939:in the
1937:Apameia
1813:Iomanes
1689:of the
1681:Puranic
1650:Gedrose
1606:Bactria
1532:Peithon
1528:Eudemus
1524:Phillip
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