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595:, wrote "These are not names of the river, they are but names for small stretches of the river as known to the folk of this or that hamlet. We cannot reckon how many such names there may be in the course of more than 600 miles of the system." Since "there is no indigenous name for the whole stream", Churchill concluded that "This is clearly a case where a European designation may properly be applied." He advocated for Kaiserin-Augusta. But that name faded with the German loss of colonial control over the territory after World War One. The word
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The Sepik is one of the most profuse and diverse art producing regions of the world. The numerous different tribes living along the river produce magnificent wood carvings, clay pottery and other art and craft. Different areas along the Sepik produce distinct art styles so an experience curator will
2665:
Europeans now increased their travels and presence along the river. In the early twentieth century, several major expeditions to the river include the Südsee-Expedition sponsored by the
Hamburg Academic of Science, the German-Dutch Border Expedition and the Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluss-Expedition These
2641:
launched a smaller vessel that navigated about 50 kilometres (31 mi) upstream from its mouth. For the most part, German interest in the river was mainly to explore its economic potential, to collect artifacts, and to recruit native laborers to work on coastal and island copra plantations.
705:
The river has a total length of over 1,100 km (680 mi) and has a drainage basin of over 80,000 km (31,000 sq mi). Its meandering bed is 250–500 m (820–1,640 ft) wide and averages 8–14 m (26–46 ft) deep. There is a 5-10 kilometre-wide belt of active
2733:
Despite the thorough exploration of the Sepik and the river basin by
Europeans starting with the 1880s, and the extraordinarily keen knowledge of the region by local people and communities, many travelers today still see their tourism in the area as heroic efforts.
2798:. He described his experiences in an illustrated book. In 2012 he repeated this expedition together with his wife and Tom Deko. They reached the settlements of Oum Number 1 and Oum Number 2 and the April River, a tributary of the Sepik.
2763:. The expedition took six weeks. "The Sepik really appealed to me," said Carter, "because it conjures up images of remote tribes and wild animals. Probably the most alluring thing for me though, is just how un-travelled the area is."
2588:
Local villagers have lived along the river for many millennia and the river has formed the basis for food, transport and culture. There are at least 100 distinct villages and hamlets along the river, and most likely more.
2754:
and kayaked down the upper reaches in an inflatable kayak. After nearly drowning in a section of rapids near
Telefomin, they decided to walk through the jungle, following the river until it was calm enough to take a
2714:
2649:
were conducted by the
Germans and over 600 kilometres (370 mi) were explored. In 1887, the Samoa returned with another scientific expedition as well as a dozen Malays, eight men from the island of
2853:
plane landed 10 kilometres (6 mi) from
Timbunke the Japanese suspected that the villagers had collaborated with the Australians and proceeded to massacre 100 of the villagers.
2502:, each corresponding to one or more culture regions of related villages that exhibit similar social characteristics. The largest language and culture group along the river is the
3650:
Huber, Mary Taylor. 1988. The
Bishops’ Progress: A Historical Ethnography of Catholic Missionary Experience on the Sepik Frontier. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
3197:
Forschungen im Innern der Insel
Neuginea: Bericht des Führers über die wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse der deutschen Grenzexpedition in das westliche Kaiser-Wilhelmsland 1910
3641:
For a diary of the voyage, see Claas, Ulrike and Paul Rosco. 2009. Manuscript XXI: A Journey Up The Sepik River in 1887. The
Journal of Pacific History 44 (3) 333-43.
3632:
See, e.g., Buschmann, Rainer F. 2009. Anthropology's Global
Histories: The Ethnographic Frontier in German New Guinea, 1870-1935. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
2706:, the new administrator of the Territory of New Guinea, travelled up length of the Sepik to "have a look at the river people and the kind of country along the banks".
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3677:
Hoehn, Matthew, ed., 1948, Catholic
Authors Contemporary Biographical Sketches, 1930-1947: Newark, NJ, St. Marys Abbey, p. 293-295, cited on "Grimshaw Origin"
3659:
Bragge, Lawrence, Ulrike Claas, and Paul Roscoe. 2006. On the edge of empire: Military brokers in the Sepik “tribal zone.” American Anthropologist 33 (1) 100-113.
3449:
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be visually able to distinguish individual styles. The Sepik area is well known for its sculpture masks shields and other artifacts. Many tribes use
706:
meanders along most of its course, that has created a floodplain up to 70 kilometres wide, with extensive backwater swamps. There are around 1,500
3297:
2750:
For example, in 2010 Clark Carter and Andrew Johnson traveled the length of the Sepik River from source to sea. They hiked to the source from
3257:
4055:
3816:
Grant, Lachlan (2016). "Given a Second Rate Job: Campaigns in Aitape–Wewak and New Britain, 1944–45". In Dean, Peter J. (ed.).
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and mountains. Biologically, the river system is often said to be possibly the largest uncontaminated freshwater wetland system in the
3165:
2681:, and the Sepik region came under their jurisdiction. During this period the Australians established a station on the middle Sepik at
2885:
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attached herself to an expedition, and claimed to be the first white woman to ascent the Sepik, commenting on the widespread use of "
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4375:
3465:"Application of Regional Flood Frequency Analysis to Large Tropical Catchments: A Case Study in the Sepik Basin, Papua New Guinea"
2967:
3777:
650:. From there it flows into Indonesian Papua, before turning back north-east, for the majority of its journey following the great
3867:
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expeditions, mainly German, collected flora and fauna, studied local tribes, and produced the first maps. The station town of
5000:
4092:
3825:
3570:
3545:
4115:
3797:. The United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. pp. 53–83.
2874:
drums in rituals; the drums are formed from long, hollowed-out tree trunks carved into the shape of various totem animals.
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region. But, in fact, numerous fish and plant species have been introduced into the Sepik since the mid-20th century.
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3417:
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Part of this fantasy is that the river tribes are often said to have "little contact with the modern world," as the
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876:
621:
3359:
741:
4936:
4903:
3306:"Phytoplankton distribution in the Bismarck Sea north of Papua New Guinea: The effect of the Sepik River outflow"
3273:
3227:
2925:
2242:
663:
417:
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put it as late as 2017. But that is just not true, and certainly not for a sizable tourist vessel operated by
4638:
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3228:"Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 90: Notes on the echidnas (Mammalia, Tachyglossidae) of New Guinea"
583:—used by the natives living at the mouth of the river. A few years later, Leonhard Schultze applied the term
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518:
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After the first World War the Australian government took trusteeship of the German colony, creating the
139:
3792:
3740:
3561:
Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.).
2659:
2655:
2577:
2522:
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From the headwaters to the mouth, the river basin flows through the territories of spoken of dozens of
4060:
3040:
3038:
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549:
3336:
2842:, was hard-fought and drawn out due to the terrain lasting until the end of the war in August 1945.
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was established in 1913 as a base on the lower Sepik for explorations, but with the beginning of
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to the entire watercourse, and it took, although Schultze also noted another name for the river,
3369:
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whatsoever, but flows straight into the sea, about 100 km (62 mi) east of the town of
602:
Of course, each language group had one or more of its own names for the river. For example, the
4708:
4150:
4036:. UNESCO-IHP Regional Steering Committee for Southeast Asia and the Pacific. pp. 243–253.
3283:
2823:
2807:
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569:
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20:
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Guide to Sepik River Carvings (Art-Pacific.com: New Guinea tribal art and Indonesian folk art)
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The Sepik basin is largely an undisturbed environment, with no major urban settlements, or
659:
635:
125:
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in May 1885. But the river, in fact, did not yet have a European name. It was thus termed
8:
3717:"Papua New Guinea river cruise takes you to see remote villages and ancient rain forests"
2718:
737:
553:
525:
96:
3939:
3536:
Palmer, Bill (2018). "Language families of the New Guinea Area". In Palmer, Bill (ed.).
3480:
3321:
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2975:
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3966:
Amazon.com listing for the "Four Corners: A Journey into the Heart of Papua New Guinea"
3488:
3074:
2827:
2542:
2526:
3914:
3763:"Interview/debrief: Papua New Guinea Sepik River, hard as it comes," 15 January 2011,
3565:. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432.
579:
was first reported by A. Full as one of two names for the watercourse—the other being
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Richard, Ibbitt; Kaoru, Takara; Mohd. Nor bin, Mohd. Desa; Hidayat, Pawitan (2002).
3184:
Deutsches Kolonialblatt: Amtsblatt für die Schutzgebiete in Afrika und in der Südsee
57:
4419:
4395:
4300:
4023:
Ibbitt, Richard; Takara, Kaoru; Mohd. Nor bin Mohd, Desa; Pawitan, Hidayat (2002).
3540:. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–20.
3484:
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655:
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502:
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74:
2814:. By the end of the war though, the Japanese had been completely surrounded after
2565:
4673:
4200:
3116:
2839:
2795:
2783:
2747:. Traveling the river is said to be "one of the last great adventures on earth".
2703:
2597:
2573:
2549:
2518:
2499:
498:
689:
off northern Papua New Guinea. Unlike many other large rivers, the Sepik has no
681:
For most of the Sepik's length, the river winds in serpentine fashion, like the
4946:
4893:
4863:
4848:
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In 1884, Germany asserted control over the northeast quadrant of the island of
390:
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3587:
3329:
3210:
The Sepik River, Papua New Guinea: Nourishing Tradition and Modern Catastrophe
3209:
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are by far the three most internally diverse language families of the region.
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4180:
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3940:"Sepik shields | Sepik River Shields | sell Sepik shield | wooden war shield"
3802:
3588:
Wewak: The Gateway to the Sepik: Maps of Wewak, West and East Sepik Provinces
2722:
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1358:
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The Sepik has a large catchment area, and landforms that include swamplands,
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4160:
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4135:
3915:"Sepik masks | Sepik River masks | sell sepik mask | sell sepik river mask"
3563:
The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide
3538:
The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide
2760:
2756:
2172:
686:
682:
529:
431:
382:
200:
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3820:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. pp. 213–214.
2767:
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548:. The colony was initially managed by the Deutsche Neuguinea-Kompagnie or
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185:
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Fresh/Saline water interface in the sea 80 km from the Sepik River Mouth
51:
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1958:
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435:
3047:"The Water-fern Salvinia molesta in the Sepik River, Papua New Guinea"
2845:
The Australians eventually pushed the Japanese back to the village of
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2751:
2693:
1336:
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78:
35:
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3345:
A report prepared for the Sepik River Fish Stock Enhancement Project
3149:
Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World’s Large River Systems
2744:
3090:
3088:
2815:
722:
3591:, published by Wirui Press, Wewak, Papua New Guinea, in the 1980s.
3412:
3410:
4320:
3291:"GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP"
2791:
2682:
2667:
2610:
1429:
926:
869:
506:
490:
353:
328:
3890:"Sepik Sculpture | Sepik river Sculpture | sell Sepik Sculpture"
3390:
CATALOGUE OF RIVERS FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-Volume IV
3386:
3085:
714:. Its annual sediment load is estimated at 115 million tonnes.
710:
and other lakes in the floodplain, the largest of which are the
4033:
Catalogue of rivers for Southeast Asia and the Pacific, vol. IV
3407:
3249:
2819:
2775:
2771:
2770:, accompanied by the local artist Tomulopa Deko, traveled from
2609:
European contact with the river started in 1885, shortly after
718:
646:, it travels north-west and leaves the mountains abruptly near
3668:
See Reche 1913, Schultz 1914, Behrmann 1922, Schindlbeck 1997.
3045:
David S., Mitchell; Tomislav, Petr; Anthony B., Viner (1980).
2637:, entered only the estuary. He returned a year later, and the
4165:
2787:
2779:
694:
654:. Along its course it receives numerous tributaries from the
556:. The first European ship to enter the Sepik estuary was the
482:
4424:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2907:
perching on a boy's head at Kaminabit village, Middle Sepik
2850:
2510:
464:
41:
3585:
Still the best, most detailed map the river and region is
3182:
Full, A. 1909. "Eine Fahrt auf dem Kaiserin Augustafluß".
3044:
4006:"Includes photos of Art of Sepik River, Papua New Guinea"
3023:
470:
3957:
2982:
552:, a commercial enterprise that christened the territory
3991:"Nonfiction book about Papua New Guinea,"Four Corners""
3310:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
3304:
H. W., Higgins; D. J., Mackey; L., Clementson (2006).
2849:
on the middle Sepik in July 1945. After an Australian
40:
Sediment plumes at the mouth of the Sepik (right) and
3694:. Melbourne: F.W Cheshire Pty Ltd. pp. 139–149.
3290:
473:
461:
3520:
The Ndu language family (Sepik District, New Guinea)
3019:
3017:
2826:
were captured by Allied forces in April 1944 during
467:
3997:
3500:
3498:
2891:
Korogo Village, Sepik River, PNG, 1975. Franz Luthi
2838:, the battle to defeat the remaining forces by the
458:
3780:. I. Kühl – via Deutsche Nationalbibliothek.
3115:
599:henceforth became the official name of the river.
3868:"Chapter Seven: Voices from Asia and the Pacific"
3765:https://explorersweb.com/oceans/news.php?id=19891
3226:Van Deusen, Hobart M.; George, Graeme G. (1969).
3014:
4987:
4114:
3495:
3225:
3818:Australia 1944–45: Victory in the Pacific
3612:(6 ed.). Lonely Planet. pp. 249–252.
3608:Lipscomb, Adrian; et al. (February 1998).
3214:Island Rivers: Fresh Water and Place in Oceania
3212:", in John R. Wagner and Jerry K. Jacka, eds.,
3114:
2617:or Kaiser Wilhelmsland. The river was named by
4390:
3982:
3741:"Departures | 200 Miles Along the Sepik River"
501:. The majority of the river flows through the
4376:
4100:
2662:or SVD begin to proselytize along the river.
593:Bulletin of the American Geographical Society
416:Iram, Brucken, Oklip, Hauser, Horden, North,
3529:
3522:. Canberra: Australian National University.
3303:
2962:
2960:
2958:
3554:
3274:"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (EGU)"
2931:Snapshot of the daily life of the villagers
2794:and to the villages of Maliwai, Yambon and
2633:(Neuguinea-Kompagnie). Finsch, in the ship
513:, with a small section flowing through the
4383:
4369:
4107:
4093:
2629:. The colony was initially managed by the
697:. It is navigable for most of its length.
365:5,000 m/s (180,000 cu ft/s)
3844:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
3439:OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
2974:. Watersheds of the World. Archived from
2955:
2645:In 1886 and 1887, further expeditions by
3860:
3689:
3683:
3607:
2860:
2729:, Tomulopa Deko and indigenous men, 2012
2713:
2591:
2493:
620:
3714:
2790:and from there on the Sepik upriver to
271:80,321 km (31,012 sq mi)
4988:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3535:
3342:
3255:
3160:
3158:
3156:
2658:. In the 1890s, missionaries from the
4364:
4088:
3963:
3815:
3790:
3560:
3462:
3094:
2810:held the area throughout most of the
2709:
1862:The main tributaries from the mouth:
1492:
3775:
3435:
3360:"WORLD WATER RESOURCES AND PROBLEMS"
3357:
3136:participating institution membership
2759:the remaining 900 kilometres to the
2604:
732:Its catchment is classified as type
725:activities, in the river catchment.
642:. From its mountain headwaters near
591:. William Churchill, writing in the
434:, Wario, Wagamush, April, Karawari,
289:400–500 m (1,300–1,600 ft)
3834:
3594:
3216:, pp. 187–221, Canberra: ANU Press.
3153:
727:April Salome Forest Management Area
13:
4075:Papua New Guinea Sepik River Video
3489:10.1111/j.1467-9493.1990.tb00013.x
3024:Colonel K. L. Duncan (RL) (2007).
2943:List of rivers of Papua New Guinea
2919:A warm welcome to foreign visitors
2613:established colonial control over
14:
5027:
4070:A Report on the Sepik River Basin
4016:
4003:
3988:
3418:"Global River Discharge Database"
3168:. Rainbow Habitat. Archived from
3098:Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea
2685:to conduct further explorations.
1432:station (period from 1963—1994):
729:is located in Sepik River basin.
3715:McClure, Rosemary (2017-09-06).
3343:Anders, Faaborg Povisen (1993).
2924:
2912:
2896:
2884:
2877:
1425:1969/1970 water year 8,964 m/s.
454:
327:35–55 m (115–180 ft) (
50:
34:
5006:International rivers of Oceania
4080:The Sepik River Expedition 2010
3932:
3907:
3882:
3809:
3794:The Approach to the Philippines
3784:
3769:
3757:
3733:
3708:
3671:
3662:
3653:
3644:
3635:
3626:
3579:
3512:
3351:
3259:Ausztrália, Óceánia, Antarktisz
3219:
3202:
3189:
2801:
1428:Sepik River discharge (m/s) at
744:, with a rainfall of 3,390 mm.
4025:"Papua New Guinea: Sepik Wara"
3358:Etko, Kuusisto (26 Aug 2004).
3176:
3142:
3108:
1857:
629:
564:by the explorer and scientist
493:by discharge volume after the
307:2 m (6 ft 7 in)
212: • coordinates
133: • coordinates
1:
2948:
2600:, at work in the middle Sepik
1359:5.168262000°S 141.615262000°E
1198:4.254204000°S 141.895208000°E
1140:4.288241000°S 142.017804000°E
1082:4.311924000°S 142.328653000°E
949:4.218916000°S 142.825703000°E
794:3.842539000°S 144.543171000°E
742:Köppen climate classification
103:Physical characteristics
5001:International rivers of Asia
2856:
747:
700:
666:to the south, including the
638:in the central highlands of
634:The river originates in the
251: • elevation
176:2,170 m (7,120 ft)
172: • elevation
7:
3791:Smith, Robert Ross (1953).
3518:Laycock, Donald C. (1965).
2936:
2674:, the explorations ceased.
2625:, after the German Empress
1364:-5.168262000; 141.615262000
1256:3.935399000°S 141.2731500°E
1203:-4.254204000; 141.895208000
1145:-4.288241000; 142.017804000
1087:-4.311924000; 142.328653000
954:-4.218916000; 142.825703000
799:-3.842539000; 144.543171000
568:, after the German Empress
544:, which became part of the
489:, and the third largest in
349: • location
317:8–14 m (26–46 ft)
263:1,126 km (700 mi)
196: • location
121: • location
10:
5032:
5011:Rivers of Papua (province)
4996:Rivers of Papua New Guinea
3208:Silverman, Eric K. 2018. "
3051:Environmental Conservation
2766:Also in 2010, the painter
2660:Society of the Divine Word
2656:Rhenish Missionary Society
2654:, and, two members of the
2596:Australian anthropologist
2583:
892:4.062703000°S 144.074750°E
509:(formerly West Sepik) and
430:Hak, August, May, Seniap,
361: • average
323: • maximum
313: • average
303: • minimum
285: • average
18:
4955:
4917:
4453:
4402:
4349:
4126:
3330:10.1016/j.dsr.2006.09.001
3235:American Museum Novitates
3195:Schultz, Leonhard. 1914.
3123:Oxford English Dictionary
3071:10.1017/S0376892900007116
3004:Sepik Development Project
2631:German New Guinea Company
2464:
2433:
2343:
2216:
2169:
2113:
2075:
2006:
1910:
1906:
1884:
1849:
1334:
1261:-3.935399000; 141.2731500
1233:
1175:
1117:
1059:
924:
867:
771:
550:German New Guinea Company
424:
410:
402:
388:
378:
373:
369:
359:
347:
339:
335:
321:
311:
301:
293:
283:
275:
267:
259:
249:
210:
194:
184:
180:
170:
131:
119:
111:
107:
102:
84:
70:
65:
49:
33:
28:
3463:Glenn, McGregor (1990).
3199:. Berlin: E. S. Mittler.
3186:20 (15) 739-41; 744–745.
2721:, Maprik District, in a
1880:Average discharge (m/s)
897:-4.062703000; 144.074750
610:, a compound of "bone" (
426: • right
3968:. National Geographic.
3842:"Aitape–Wewak Campaign"
3690:McCarthy, J.K. (1963).
3128:Oxford University Press
3095:Ernst, Löffler (1977).
2679:Territory of New Guinea
535:
412: • left
56:Sepik River watershed (
3944:new guinea tribal arts
3919:new guinea tribal arts
3894:new guinea tribal arts
3872:War Compensation Forum
3680:accessed 6 August 2016
3436:Joël, Danloux (1997).
3256:Balázs, Dénes (1978).
2972:Water Resources eAtlas
2866:
2824:Netherlands New Guinea
2730:
2601:
626:
546:German colonial empire
21:Sepik (disambiguation)
4136:Baliem (Vriendschaps)
4051:The Sepik–Ramu System
3692:Patrol into yesterday
3347:(Report). p. 18.
3031:(Report). p. 16.
2864:
2836:Aitape-Wewak campaign
2717:
2595:
2513:basin is home to the
2494:Peoples and languages
2283:Fanngi (Green River)
2060:Black River—Huastein
662:to the north and the
624:
420:, Sanchi, Yimi, Nagam
234:3.84167°S 144.54167°E
3964:Salak, Kira (2004).
660:Torricelli Mountains
636:Victor Emanuel Range
562:Kaiserin Augustafluß
526:tropical rainforests
255:0 m (0 ft)
126:Victor Emanuel Range
19:For other uses, see
5016:Rivers of Indonesia
4352:Rivers of Indonesia
3776:Kühl, Ingo (2011).
3481:1990SJTG...11....1M
3322:2006DSRI...53.1845H
3126:(Online ed.).
3063:1980EnvCo...7..115M
2865:Garamut ritual drum
2828:Operations Reckless
2704:Sir Walter McNicoll
2688:In 1923 journalist
1355: /
1252: /
1194: /
1136: /
1078: /
945: /
888: /
790: /
738:tropical rainforest
554:Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
505:(PNG) provinces of
374:Basin features
239:-3.84167; 144.54167
230: /
151: /
16:River on New Guinea
4120:Western New Guinea
3778:"Papua New Guinea"
3506:"Papua New Guinea"
3469:Tropical Geography
3026:NOTICE TO MARINERS
2867:
2731:
2710:Modern 'explorers'
2602:
2421:Iugum (Casuarina)
652:Central Depression
627:
4983:
4982:
4358:
4357:
3827:978-1-107-08346-2
3721:Los Angeles Times
3572:978-3-11-028642-7
3547:978-3-11-028642-7
3316:(11): 1845-1863.
3134:(Subscription or
2905:black-capped lory
2745:Coral Expeditions
2740:Los Angeles Times
2690:Beatrice Grimshaw
2615:German New Guinea
2605:Early exploration
2554:language isolates
2550:language families
2531:Leonhard Schultze
2489:
2488:
2328:August (Yapsiei)
2032:Kwatit (Parchee)
1853:
1852:
1423:
1422:
485:on the island of
481:) is the longest
446:
445:
155:5.217°S 141.817°E
5023:
4709:Leonard Schultze
4396:Papua New Guinea
4385:
4378:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4251:Pulau (Eilanden)
4109:
4102:
4095:
4086:
4085:
4047:
4029:
4010:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3874:. Archived from
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3848:on 13 March 2012
3838:
3832:
3831:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3610:Papua New Guinea
3605:
3592:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3533:
3527:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3493:
3492:
3460:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3433:
3422:
3421:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3384:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3232:
3223:
3217:
3206:
3200:
3193:
3187:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3162:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3131:
3119:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3042:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3021:
3012:
3011:
3009:
2999:
2980:
2979:
2964:
2928:
2916:
2900:
2888:
2812:Second World War
2623:Kaiserin Augusta
2578:Lower Sepik-Ramu
2523:Lower Sepik-Ramu
1877:Basin size (km)
1871:Right tributary
1865:
1864:
1435:
1434:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:141°36′54.9432″E
1348:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1189:141°53′42.7488″E
1187:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1073:142°19′43.1508″E
1071:
960:
959:
957:
956:
955:
950:
946:
943:
942:
941:
940:142°49′32.5308″E
938:
903:
902:
900:
899:
898:
893:
889:
886:
885:
884:
881:
805:
804:
802:
801:
800:
795:
791:
788:
787:
786:
785:144°32′35.4156″E
783:
752:
751:
640:Papua New Guinea
503:Papua New Guinea
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
427:
413:
393:
362:
350:
324:
314:
304:
286:
245:
244:
242:
241:
240:
235:
231:
228:
227:
226:
223:
205:Papua New Guinea
173:
166:
165:
163:
162:
161:
156:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
134:
122:
75:Papua New Guinea
54:
38:
26:
25:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5020:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4951:
4913:
4449:
4398:
4389:
4359:
4354:
4345:
4122:
4113:
4044:
4027:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4002:
3998:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3962:
3958:
3949:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3924:
3922:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3899:
3897:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3851:
3849:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3814:
3810:
3789:
3785:
3774:
3770:
3762:
3758:
3749:
3747:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3725:
3723:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3688:
3684:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3606:
3595:
3584:
3580:
3573:
3559:
3555:
3548:
3534:
3530:
3517:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3461:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3385:
3370:
3362:
3356:
3352:
3341:
3337:
3302:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3254:
3250:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3207:
3203:
3194:
3190:
3181:
3177:
3164:
3163:
3154:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3113:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3086:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3022:
3015:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2983:
2966:
2965:
2956:
2951:
2939:
2932:
2929:
2920:
2917:
2908:
2901:
2892:
2889:
2880:
2859:
2840:Australian Army
2804:
2719:East Sepik area
2712:
2607:
2598:Ernest Chinnery
2586:
2500:Sepik languages
2496:
1868:Left tributary
1860:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1064:
953:
951:
947:
944:
939:
936:
934:
932:
931:
896:
894:
890:
887:
882:
879:
877:
875:
874:
798:
796:
792:
789:
784:
781:
779:
777:
776:
750:
740:) according to
703:
632:
606:call the river
538:
457:
453:
425:
411:
389:
360:
348:
322:
312:
302:
284:
252:
238:
236:
232:
229:
224:
221:
219:
217:
216:
213:
197:
171:
160:-5.217; 141.817
159:
157:
153:
150:
145:
142:
140:
138:
137:
132:
120:
61:
58:Interactive map
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5029:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4961:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4365:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4216:Maro (Merauke)
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4112:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4018:
4017:External links
4015:
4012:
4011:
3996:
3981:
3974:
3956:
3931:
3906:
3881:
3878:on 2011-09-28.
3859:
3833:
3826:
3808:
3783:
3768:
3756:
3732:
3707:
3700:
3682:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3625:
3618:
3593:
3578:
3571:
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3546:
3528:
3511:
3494:
3448:
3423:
3406:
3399:
3368:
3350:
3335:
3296:
3282:
3265:
3248:
3218:
3201:
3188:
3175:
3172:on 2007-05-31.
3152:
3141:
3107:
3084:
3057:(2): 115–122.
3034:
3013:
2981:
2978:on 2007-12-14.
2953:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2923:
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2893:
2890:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2858:
2855:
2803:
2800:
2711:
2708:
2694:pidgen-English
2606:
2603:
2585:
2582:
2552:, while local
2495:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:Elip (Donner)
2446:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2418:
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1128:4°17′17.6676″S
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4196:Lorentz/Undir
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4039:
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4004:Salak, Kira.
4000:
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3989:Salak, Kira.
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3697:
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3166:"Sepik River"
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2878:Image gallery
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2214:Wanibe Creek
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1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
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1374:
1371:
1368:
1347:5°10′5.7432″S
1339:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
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1311:
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1280:
1277:
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1268:
1265:
1244:3°56′7.4364″S
1236:
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1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1214:
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1207:
1178:
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986:
984:
981:
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977:
974:
971:
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964:
961:
958:
937:4°13′8.0976″S
929:
928:
923:
920:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
904:
901:
880:4°3′45.7308″S
872:
871:
866:
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861:
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856:
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774:
770:
766:
763:
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755:Year, period
754:
753:
745:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
712:Chambri Lakes
709:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:Central Range
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
623:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:Iatmul people
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
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573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
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547:
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87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
64:
59:
53:
48:
44:(left) rivers
43:
37:
32:
27:
22:
4409:
4403:Major rivers
4255:
4032:
3999:
3984:
3965:
3959:
3948:. Retrieved
3946:. 2018-03-07
3943:
3934:
3923:. Retrieved
3921:. 2018-03-02
3918:
3909:
3898:. Retrieved
3896:. 2018-04-11
3893:
3884:
3876:the original
3871:
3862:
3850:. Retrieved
3846:the original
3836:
3817:
3811:
3793:
3786:
3771:
3759:
3748:. Retrieved
3744:
3735:
3724:. Retrieved
3720:
3710:
3691:
3685:
3673:
3664:
3655:
3646:
3637:
3628:
3609:
3586:
3581:
3562:
3556:
3537:
3531:
3519:
3514:
3472:
3468:
3438:
3389:
3353:
3338:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3285:
3268:
3258:
3251:
3234:
3221:
3213:
3204:
3196:
3191:
3183:
3178:
3170:the original
3144:
3121:
3110:
3097:
3054:
3050:
3003:
2976:the original
2971:
2968:"OC05 Sepik"
2871:
2868:
2844:
2805:
2802:World War II
2765:
2761:Bismarck Sea
2757:dugout canoe
2749:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2697:
2687:
2676:
2664:
2644:
2638:
2634:
2622:
2608:
2587:
2508:
2497:
2490:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1874:Length (km)
1861:
1854:
1427:
1424:
1340:
1335:
1237:
1234:
1216:
1179:
1176:
1158:
1121:
1118:
1100:
1063:
1060:
930:
925:
919:
883:144°4′29.1″E
873:
868:
775:
772:
733:
731:
716:
704:
687:Bismarck Sea
680:
675:
671:
651:
647:
633:
615:
611:
607:
601:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
574:
561:
557:
539:
530:Asia-Pacific
523:
517:province of
449:
447:
396:
391:River system
383:Bismarck Sea
201:Bismarck Sea
4957:New Ireland
4919:New Britain
4879:Wassi Kussa
4056:Sepik River
3524:OCLC 810186
2832:Persecution
2672:World War I
2652:New Britain
2619:Otto Finsch
2436:Hak (East)
1858:Tributaries
1450:Water year
1438:Water year
1362: /
1259: /
1235:Green River
1215:1994—1999,
1201: /
1157:1994—1999,
1143: /
1099:1994—1999,
1085: /
952: /
895: /
797: /
761:Mean (m/s)
758:Min (m/s)
630:Description
566:Otto Finsch
403:Tributaries
397:Sepik River
379:Progression
237: /
225:144°32′30″E
158: /
4990:Categories
4456:New Guinea
4420:Strickland
4301:Van Daalen
3975:0792274172
3950:2018-11-13
3925:2018-11-13
3900:2018-11-13
3750:2023-06-14
3745:Departures
3726:2023-06-14
3393:. UNESCO.
3138:required.)
2949:References
2702:. In 1935
2647:steam boat
2570:Torricelli
2547:Amto-Musan
2535:Upper Yuat
2515:Torricelli
2509:The Sepik-
2382:Hollander
1408:1963/1964
1392:1970—1993
1376:1975—1994
1319:1963/1964
1303:1969—1996
1287:1970—1993
1273:1971—2000
1217:2008—2015
1159:2008—2015
1101:2008—2015
1044:1963/1964
1028:1966—1994
1012:1966—1997
996:1970—1992
982:1978—1987
966:1980—1984
909:1968—1980
839:1972/1973
825:1979/1980
811:1979—2015
764:Max (m/s)
668:Yuat River
542:New Guinea
515:Indonesian
511:East Sepik
487:New Guinea
268:Basin size
97:East Sepik
4674:Kaukombar
4454:Mainland
4201:Mamberamo
3803:570739529
3475:(1): 12.
3243:2246/2593
2857:Sepik art
2816:Hollandia
2768:Ingo Kühl
2752:Telefomin
2727:Ingo Kühl
2129:Wagamush
1991:Karawari
1966:11,952.5
1337:Telefomin
1177:May River
975:4,598.75
969:2,836.75
748:Discharge
701:Hydrology
685:, to the
644:Telefomin
575:The word
499:Mamberamo
340:Discharge
222:3°50′30″S
79:Indonesia
4947:Warangoi
4894:Wogamush
4864:Veimauri
4849:Torokina
4784:Pahoturi
4744:Morehead
4729:Masaweng
4704:Left May
4649:Hongorai
4544:Bensbach
4484:Arafundi
4336:Wiriagar
4331:Wildeman
4291:Taritatu
4271:Songgato
4186:Kamundan
3237:(2383).
3079:44517096
2937:See also
2847:Timbunke
2808:Japanese
2543:Left May
2527:Kwomtari
2408:Brucken
2369:Raadsel
2341:October
2318:1,149.3
2275:2,103.1
2262:1,995.8
2249:1,769.8
2221:1,618.4
2206:3,301.4
2147:1,893.6
2121:2,552.2
2106:1,068.8
2080:1,468.3
2050:3,204.3
2011:1,036.7
2004:Hambili
1996:7,565.9
1948:1,757.2
1933:5,598.7
1918:1,344.8
1896:80,386.2
1838:1978/79
1824:1993/94
1812:1977/78
1798:1992/93
1786:1976/77
1772:1991/92
1760:1975/76
1746:1990/91
1734:1974/75
1720:1989/90
1708:1973/74
1694:1988/89
1682:1972/73
1668:1987/88
1656:1971/72
1642:1986/87
1630:1970/71
1616:1985/86
1604:1969/70
1590:1984/85
1578:1968/69
1564:1983/84
1552:1967/68
1538:1982/83
1526:1966/67
1512:1981/82
1509:1965/66
1495:1980/81
1490:1964/65
1476:1979/80
1464:1963/64
1278:1,119.4
1227:3,047.8
1224:1,559.4
1169:4,524.1
1166:2,367.9
1108:3,338.7
1105:1,274.3
1005:8,938.8
1002:3,643.5
987:3,099.7
723:forestry
674:and the
581:Abschima
146:141°49′E
66:Location
4942:Johanna
4899:Yaganon
4824:Sogeram
4764:Ok Tedi
4754:Numagen
4734:Mindjim
4719:Mambare
4664:Kabenau
4614:Gilagil
4589:Elevala
4514:Ateltem
4445:Markham
4321:Warswai
4316:Warenai
4261:Seremuk
4246:Pauwasi
4241:Ok Tedi
4206:Mandobo
4181:Kampung
4141:Becking
4131:Apauwar
3852:30 July
3477:Bibcode
3318:Bibcode
3279:. 2021.
3117:"Sepik"
3059:Bibcode
3010:. 2022.
2872:garamut
2792:Ambunti
2696:" as a
2683:Ambunti
2668:Angoram
2627:Augusta
2611:Germany
2584:History
2311:Hauser
2270:Horden
2188:Seniap
2101:Wagasu
2088:Namblo
2073:Sanchi
2019:Atilem
1430:Ambunti
1061:Kubkain
927:Ambunti
870:Angoram
848:10,963
773:Estuary
608:Avusett
570:Augusta
507:Sandaun
491:Oceania
354:Angoram
329:Angoram
89:Sandaun
71:Country
4970:Lossuk
4965:Aparam
4937:Balima
4904:Yellow
4869:Wanang
4859:Vanapa
4839:Timper
4834:Tabali
4809:Segero
4804:Samaia
4779:Oriomo
4699:Lamari
4694:Kumusi
4669:Kaugel
4599:Frieda
4594:Evapia
4579:Chimbu
4564:Boiken
4494:Aramia
4474:Aitape
4440:Turama
4435:Purari
4430:Kikori
4392:Rivers
4326:Waruta
4311:Wapoga
4286:Tariku
4266:Sobger
4231:Muturi
4226:Momats
4221:Mimika
4161:Bulaka
4156:Brazza
4146:Bewani
4116:Rivers
4040:
3972:
3824:
3801:
3698:
3616:
3569:
3544:
3397:
3077:
2834:. The
2820:Aitape
2796:Yessan
2784:Maprik
2776:Madang
2772:Goroka
2576:, and
2564:, and
2545:, and
2482:176.6
2469:388.7
2454:227.6
2441:464.3
2426:201.4
2413:465.8
2403:193.4
2400:1,042
2395:Oklip
2387:269.4
2361:529.4
2348:604.3
2336:208.5
2333:1,838
2303:440.4
2288:750.8
2278:124.1
2265:123.7
2257:North
2252:111.2
2243:Yellow
2234:479.5
2209:405.5
2193:538.9
2183:271.9
2180:1,466
2173:Frieda
2162:992.5
2155:Nopan
2150:279.9
2142:Wario
2134:964.7
2124:226.8
2116:April
2093:663.4
2037:611.3
2024:954.6
1999:376.3
1981:655.1
1974:Pasik
1969:625.4
1963:373.4
1941:Nagam
1936:306.9
1847:5,606
1844:3,450
1841:1,153
1833:5,061
1830:4,020
1827:2,825
1821:5,636
1818:3,830
1815:1,538
1807:5,017
1804:3,180
1801:1,320
1795:5,622
1792:4,030
1789:2,205
1781:4,938
1778:3,350
1775:1,747
1769:5,164
1766:3,220
1763:1,183
1755:4,926
1752:3,210
1749:1,482
1743:5,989
1740:3,730
1737:1,452
1729:5,809
1726:3,870
1723:1,907
1717:4,893
1714:3,010
1711:1,082
1703:6,203
1700:3,790
1697:1,448
1691:7,081
1688:4,540
1685:2,326
1677:5,008
1674:3,880
1671:2,736
1665:4,757
1662:3,320
1659:1,074
1651:5,502
1648:3,080
1639:4,240
1636:3,040
1633:1,822
1625:4,808
1622:3,190
1613:8,964
1610:4,950
1607:2,696
1599:5,232
1596:3,680
1593:2,111
1587:5,606
1584:3,740
1581:1,821
1573:4,703
1570:3,360
1567:1,828
1561:4,883
1558:3,080
1555:1,242
1547:5,999
1544:4,060
1541:1,509
1535:4,331
1532:3,390
1529:2,429
1521:5,465
1518:3,310
1515:1,142
1504:5,602
1501:3,850
1498:1,632
1485:5,509
1482:4,080
1479:2,009
1473:7,038
1470:5,316
1467:3,398
1417:1,538
1401:1,576
1328:3,144
1325:2,505
1322:2,117
1312:1,550
1309:1,191
1296:3,573
1293:1,297
1221:514.7
1163:707.1
1111:6,022
1053:7,038
1050:5,316
1047:3,398
1037:5,448
1034:3,615
1031:1,702
1021:4,730
1018:3,664
1015:2,600
999:934.7
972:4,208
914:5,000
859:4,800
845:7,663
842:4,363
830:7,000
816:4,565
719:mining
683:Amazon
656:Bewani
648:Yapsei
589:Azimar
442:, Bien
432:Frieda
418:Yellow
406:
343:
297:
279:
260:Length
190:
143:5°13′S
115:
112:Source
85:Region
4975:Lumis
4927:Aemoi
4889:Wawoi
4884:Watut
4874:Waria
4844:Tomul
4789:Piore
4774:Omosa
4769:Omati
4714:Malas
4689:Kumil
4684:Kokun
4679:Keram
4629:Guabe
4624:Gogol
4619:Girua
4609:Genga
4584:Dimir
4559:Bitoi
4554:Birim
4549:Bigei
4529:Bae'e
4524:Awung
4509:Atara
4504:Asaro
4479:Ajova
4464:Abede
4410:Sepik
4341:Wowei
4306:Wamma
4276:Tabai
4256:Sepik
4211:Mappi
4191:Kumbe
4176:Grime
4166:Digul
4028:(PDF)
3443:(PDF)
3363:(PDF)
3277:(PDF)
3231:(PDF)
3132:
3102:(PDF)
3075:JSTOR
3029:(PDF)
3008:(PDF)
2788:Pagwi
2780:Wewak
2639:Samoa
2635:Samoa
2574:Sepik
2562:Taiap
2519:Sepik
2485:23.8
2477:Nong
2472:64.9
2462:Iram
2457:26.6
2444:54.7
2416:76.4
2390:40.4
2377:39.7
2364:46.8
2356:West
2351:44.5
2321:74.1
2306:35.2
2298:Idam
2291:41.4
2237:31.4
2229:Yula
2196:57.7
2165:60.1
2137:81.6
2109:59.4
2096:36.5
2083:77.4
2068:64.4
2053:87.8
2045:Yimi
2027:23.1
2014:31.1
1984:15.1
1951:41.9
1927:Keram
1921:67.7
1913:Bien
1901:5,000
1891:1,126
1886:Sepik
1456:Mean
1444:Mean
1385:66.8
1382:54.4
1119:Iniok
767:Ref.
708:oxbow
695:Wewak
691:delta
676:Jimmi
597:Sepik
585:Sepik
577:Sipik
558:Samoa
519:Papua
483:river
450:Sepik
440:Keram
294:Depth
276:Width
186:Mouth
93:Papua
29:Sepik
4932:Apmi
4909:Yuat
4829:Song
4819:Siki
4814:Senu
4799:Pual
4794:Piva
4759:Nuru
4749:Musa
4739:Moam
4724:Mape
4659:Jimi
4654:Jaba
4639:Guga
4634:Guam
4604:Gama
4574:Busu
4569:Bumi
4539:Bapi
4534:Bamu
4519:Atob
4499:Aroa
4489:Arai
4469:Afai
4425:Ramu
4281:Tami
4236:Nawa
4151:Bian
4038:ISBN
3970:ISBN
3854:2010
3822:ISBN
3799:OCLC
3696:ISBN
3614:ISBN
3567:ISBN
3542:ISBN
3395:ISBN
2851:RAAF
2830:and
2818:and
2806:The
2782:and
2774:via
2566:Yadë
2558:Busa
2556:are
2539:Yuat
2511:Ramu
2374:269
2201:May
2065:917
1959:Yuat
1645:932
1619:999
1459:Max
1453:Min
1447:Max
1441:Min
1414:636
1411:235
1306:841
1290:436
721:and
658:and
616:tset
536:Name
497:and
448:The
436:Yuat
42:Ramu
4854:Tua
4644:Gum
4415:Fly
4394:of
4296:Tor
4171:Fly
4118:of
3485:doi
3326:doi
3239:hdl
3067:doi
2822:in
2786:to
2429:32
2224:98
2177:70
2040:15
1398:51
1395:15
1379:40
672:Lai
618:).
612:ava
495:Fly
4992::
4030:.
3942:.
3917:.
3892:.
3870:.
3743:.
3719:.
3596:^
3497:^
3483:.
3473:11
3471:.
3467:.
3451:^
3426:^
3409:^
3371:^
3324:.
3314:53
3312:.
3308:.
3233:.
3155:^
3120:.
3087:^
3073:.
3065:.
3053:.
3049:.
3037:^
3016:^
2984:^
2970:.
2957:^
2903:A
2778:,
2725:,
2621:,
2572:,
2568:.
2560:,
2541:,
2537:,
2533:,
2529:,
2525:,
2521:,
2517:,
2506:.
734:Af
678:.
572:.
521:.
438:,
203:,
95:,
91:,
77:,
4384:e
4377:t
4370:v
4108:e
4101:t
4094:v
4046:.
4008:.
3993:.
3978:.
3953:.
3928:.
3903:.
3856:.
3830:.
3805:.
3753:.
3729:.
3704:.
3622:.
3575:.
3550:.
3526:.
3508:.
3491:.
3487::
3479::
3445:.
3420:.
3403:.
3365:.
3332:.
3328::
3320::
3293:.
3262:.
3245:.
3241::
3130:.
3104:.
3081:.
3069::
3061::
3055:7
736:(
477:/
474:k
471:ɪ
468:p
465:ɛ
462:s
459:ˈ
456:/
452:(
331:)
60:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
