2726:
633:
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606:, wrote "These are not names of the river, they are but names for small stretches of the river as known to the folk of this or that hamlet. We cannot reckon how many such names there may be in the course of more than 600 miles of the system." Since "there is no indigenous name for the whole stream", Churchill concluded that "This is clearly a case where a European designation may properly be applied." He advocated for Kaiserin-Augusta. But that name faded with the German loss of colonial control over the territory after World War One. The word
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The Sepik is one of the most profuse and diverse art producing regions of the world. The numerous different tribes living along the river produce magnificent wood carvings, clay pottery and other art and craft. Different areas along the Sepik produce distinct art styles so an experience curator will
2676:
Europeans now increased their travels and presence along the river. In the early twentieth century, several major expeditions to the river include the Südsee-Expedition sponsored by the
Hamburg Academic of Science, the German-Dutch Border Expedition and the Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluss-Expedition These
2652:
launched a smaller vessel that navigated about 50 kilometres (31 mi) upstream from its mouth. For the most part, German interest in the river was mainly to explore its economic potential, to collect artifacts, and to recruit native laborers to work on coastal and island copra plantations.
716:
The river has a total length of over 1,100 km (680 mi) and has a drainage basin of over 80,000 km (31,000 sq mi). Its meandering bed is 250–500 m (820–1,640 ft) wide and averages 8–14 m (26–46 ft) deep. There is a 5-10 kilometre-wide belt of active
2744:
Despite the thorough exploration of the Sepik and the river basin by
Europeans starting with the 1880s, and the extraordinarily keen knowledge of the region by local people and communities, many travelers today still see their tourism in the area as heroic efforts.
2809:. He described his experiences in an illustrated book. In 2012 he repeated this expedition together with his wife and Tom Deko. They reached the settlements of Oum Number 1 and Oum Number 2 and the April River, a tributary of the Sepik.
2774:. The expedition took six weeks. "The Sepik really appealed to me," said Carter, "because it conjures up images of remote tribes and wild animals. Probably the most alluring thing for me though, is just how un-travelled the area is."
2599:
Local villagers have lived along the river for many millennia and the river has formed the basis for food, transport and culture. There are at least 100 distinct villages and hamlets along the river, and most likely more.
2765:
and kayaked down the upper reaches in an inflatable kayak. After nearly drowning in a section of rapids near
Telefomin, they decided to walk through the jungle, following the river until it was calm enough to take a
2725:
2660:
were conducted by the
Germans and over 600 kilometres (370 mi) were explored. In 1887, the Samoa returned with another scientific expedition as well as a dozen Malays, eight men from the island of
2864:
plane landed 10 kilometres (6 mi) from
Timbunke the Japanese suspected that the villagers had collaborated with the Australians and proceeded to massacre 100 of the villagers.
2513:, each corresponding to one or more culture regions of related villages that exhibit similar social characteristics. The largest language and culture group along the river is the
3661:
Huber, Mary Taylor. 1988. The
Bishops’ Progress: A Historical Ethnography of Catholic Missionary Experience on the Sepik Frontier. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
3208:
Forschungen im Innern der Insel
Neuginea: Bericht des Führers über die wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse der deutschen Grenzexpedition in das westliche Kaiser-Wilhelmsland 1910
3652:
For a diary of the voyage, see Claas, Ulrike and Paul Rosco. 2009. Manuscript XXI: A Journey Up The Sepik River in 1887. The
Journal of Pacific History 44 (3) 333-43.
3643:
See, e.g., Buschmann, Rainer F. 2009. Anthropology's Global
Histories: The Ethnographic Frontier in German New Guinea, 1870-1935. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
2717:, the new administrator of the Territory of New Guinea, travelled up length of the Sepik to "have a look at the river people and the kind of country along the banks".
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3688:
Hoehn, Matthew, ed., 1948, Catholic
Authors Contemporary Biographical Sketches, 1930-1947: Newark, NJ, St. Marys Abbey, p. 293-295, cited on "Grimshaw Origin"
3670:
Bragge, Lawrence, Ulrike Claas, and Paul Roscoe. 2006. On the edge of empire: Military brokers in the Sepik “tribal zone.” American Anthropologist 33 (1) 100-113.
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4117:
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be visually able to distinguish individual styles. The Sepik area is well known for its sculpture masks shields and other artifacts. Many tribes use
717:
meanders along most of its course, that has created a floodplain up to 70 kilometres wide, with extensive backwater swamps. There are around 1,500
3308:
2761:
For example, in 2010 Clark Carter and Andrew Johnson traveled the length of the Sepik River from source to sea. They hiked to the source from
3268:
4066:
3827:
Grant, Lachlan (2016). "Given a Second Rate Job: Campaigns in Aitape–Wewak and New Britain, 1944–45". In Dean, Peter J. (ed.).
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and mountains. Biologically, the river system is often said to be possibly the largest uncontaminated freshwater wetland system in the
3176:
2692:, and the Sepik region came under their jurisdiction. During this period the Australians established a station on the middle Sepik at
2896:
2703:
attached herself to an expedition, and claimed to be the first white woman to ascent the Sepik, commenting on the widespread use of "
5016:
4386:
3476:"Application of Regional Flood Frequency Analysis to Large Tropical Catchments: A Case Study in the Sepik Basin, Papua New Guinea"
2978:
3788:
661:. From there it flows into Indonesian Papua, before turning back north-east, for the majority of its journey following the great
3878:
2677:
expeditions, mainly German, collected flora and fauna, studied local tribes, and produced the first maps. The station town of
5011:
4103:
3836:
3581:
3556:
4126:
3808:. The United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. pp. 53–83.
2885:
drums in rituals; the drums are formed from long, hollowed-out tree trunks carved into the shape of various totem animals.
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region. But, in fact, numerous fish and plant species have been introduced into the Sepik since the mid-20th century.
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3428:
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Part of this fantasy is that the river tribes are often said to have "little contact with the modern world," as the
3107:
887:
632:
3370:
752:
4947:
4914:
3317:"Phytoplankton distribution in the Bismarck Sea north of Papua New Guinea: The effect of the Sepik River outflow"
3284:
3238:
2936:
2253:
674:
428:
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put it as late as 2017. But that is just not true, and certainly not for a sizable tourist vessel operated by
4649:
4509:
3239:"Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 90: Notes on the echidnas (Mammalia, Tachyglossidae) of New Guinea"
594:—used by the natives living at the mouth of the river. A few years later, Leonhard Schultze applied the term
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4362:
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529:
17:
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After the first World War the Australian government took trusteeship of the German colony, creating the
150:
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3751:
3572:
Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.).
2670:
2666:
2588:
2533:
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From the headwaters to the mouth, the river basin flows through the territories of spoken of dozens of
4071:
3051:
3049:
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4035:
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560:
3347:
2853:, was hard-fought and drawn out due to the terrain lasting until the end of the war in August 1945.
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was established in 1913 as a base on the lower Sepik for explorations, but with the beginning of
598:
to the entire watercourse, and it took, although Schultze also noted another name for the river,
3380:
704:
whatsoever, but flows straight into the sea, about 100 km (62 mi) east of the town of
613:
Of course, each language group had one or more of its own names for the river. For example, the
4719:
4161:
4047:. UNESCO-IHP Regional Steering Committee for Southeast Asia and the Pacific. pp. 243–253.
3294:
2834:
2818:
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580:
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31:
4072:
Guide to Sepik River Carvings (Art-Pacific.com: New Guinea tribal art and Indonesian folk art)
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The Sepik basin is largely an undisturbed environment, with no major urban settlements, or
670:
646:
136:
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in May 1885. But the river, in fact, did not yet have a European name. It was thus termed
8:
3728:"Papua New Guinea river cruise takes you to see remote villages and ancient rain forests"
2729:
748:
564:
536:
107:
3950:
3547:
Palmer, Bill (2018). "Language families of the New Guinea Area". In Palmer, Bill (ed.).
3491:
3332:
3073:
2986:
4130:
3977:
Amazon.com listing for the "Four Corners: A Journey into the Heart of Papua New Guinea"
3499:
3085:
2838:
2553:
2537:
3925:
3774:"Interview/debrief: Papua New Guinea Sepik River, hard as it comes," 15 January 2011,
3576:. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432.
590:
was first reported by A. Full as one of two names for the watercourse—the other being
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3398:
Richard, Ibbitt; Kaoru, Takara; Mohd. Nor bin, Mohd. Desa; Hidayat, Pawitan (2002).
3195:
Deutsches Kolonialblatt: Amtsblatt für die Schutzgebiete in Afrika und in der Südsee
68:
4430:
4406:
4311:
4034:
Ibbitt, Richard; Takara, Kaoru; Mohd. Nor bin Mohd, Desa; Pawitan, Hidayat (2002).
3551:. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–20.
3495:
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666:
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513:
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99:
85:
2825:. By the end of the war though, the Japanese had been completely surrounded after
2576:
4684:
4211:
3127:
2850:
2806:
2794:
2758:. Traveling the river is said to be "one of the last great adventures on earth".
2714:
2608:
2584:
2560:
2529:
2510:
509:
700:
off northern Papua New Guinea. Unlike many other large rivers, the Sepik has no
692:
For most of the Sepik's length, the river winds in serpentine fashion, like the
4957:
4904:
4874:
4859:
4794:
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In 1884, Germany asserted control over the northeast quadrant of the island of
401:
4085:
3598:
3340:
3221:
The Sepik River, Papua New Guinea: Nourishing Tradition and Modern Catastrophe
3220:
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2603:
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are by far the three most internally diverse language families of the region.
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4191:
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3951:"Sepik shields | Sepik River Shields | sell Sepik shield | wooden war shield"
3813:
3599:
Wewak: The Gateway to the Sepik: Maps of Wewak, West and East Sepik Provinces
2733:
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1369:
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The Sepik has a large catchment area, and landforms that include swamplands,
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4236:
4231:
4171:
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4146:
3926:"Sepik masks | Sepik River masks | sell sepik mask | sell sepik river mask"
3574:
The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide
3549:
The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide
2771:
2767:
2183:
697:
693:
540:
442:
393:
211:
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3831:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. pp. 213–214.
2778:
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559:. The colony was initially managed by the Deutsche Neuguinea-Kompagnie or
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1937:
701:
576:
450:
196:
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636:
Fresh/Saline water interface in the sea 80 km from the Sepik River Mouth
62:
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1969:
718:
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552:
521:
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446:
3058:"The Water-fern Salvinia molesta in the Sepik River, Papua New Guinea"
2856:
The Australians eventually pushed the Japanese back to the village of
4654:
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4181:
4033:
3253:
2762:
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1347:
654:
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89:
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3475:
3356:
A report prepared for the Sepik River Fish Stock Enhancement Project
3160:
Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World’s Large River Systems
2755:
3101:
3099:
2826:
733:
3602:, published by Wirui Press, Wewak, Papua New Guinea, in the 1980s.
3423:
3421:
4331:
3302:"GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP"
2802:
2693:
2678:
2621:
1440:
937:
880:
517:
501:
364:
339:
3901:"Sepik Sculpture | Sepik river Sculpture | sell Sepik Sculpture"
3401:
CATALOGUE OF RIVERS FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-Volume IV
3397:
3096:
725:. Its annual sediment load is estimated at 115 million tonnes.
721:
and other lakes in the floodplain, the largest of which are the
4044:
Catalogue of rivers for Southeast Asia and the Pacific, vol. IV
3418:
3260:
2830:
2786:
2782:
2781:, accompanied by the local artist Tomulopa Deko, traveled from
2620:
European contact with the river started in 1885, shortly after
729:
657:, it travels north-west and leaves the mountains abruptly near
3679:
See Reche 1913, Schultz 1914, Behrmann 1922, Schindlbeck 1997.
3056:
David S., Mitchell; Tomislav, Petr; Anthony B., Viner (1980).
2648:, entered only the estuary. He returned a year later, and the
4176:
2798:
2790:
705:
665:. Along its course it receives numerous tributaries from the
567:. The first European ship to enter the Sepik estuary was the
493:
4435:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2918:
perching on a boy's head at Kaminabit village, Middle Sepik
2861:
2521:
475:
52:
3596:
Still the best, most detailed map the river and region is
3193:
Full, A. 1909. "Eine Fahrt auf dem Kaiserin Augustafluß".
3055:
4017:"Includes photos of Art of Sepik River, Papua New Guinea"
3034:
481:
3968:
2993:
563:, a commercial enterprise that christened the territory
4002:"Nonfiction book about Papua New Guinea,"Four Corners""
3321:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
3315:
H. W., Higgins; D. J., Mackey; L., Clementson (2006).
2860:
on the middle Sepik in July 1945. After an Australian
51:
Sediment plumes at the mouth of the Sepik (right) and
3705:. Melbourne: F.W Cheshire Pty Ltd. pp. 139–149.
3301:
484:
472:
3531:
The Ndu language family (Sepik District, New Guinea)
3030:
3028:
2837:
were captured by Allied forces in April 1944 during
478:
4008:
3511:
3509:
2902:
Korogo Village, Sepik River, PNG, 1975. Franz Luthi
2849:, the battle to defeat the remaining forces by the
469:
3791:. I. Kühl – via Deutsche Nationalbibliothek.
3126:
610:henceforth became the official name of the river.
3879:"Chapter Seven: Voices from Asia and the Pacific"
3776:https://explorersweb.com/oceans/news.php?id=19891
3237:Van Deusen, Hobart M.; George, Graeme G. (1969).
3025:
4998:
4125:
3506:
3236:
3829:Australia 1944–45: Victory in the Pacific
3623:(6 ed.). Lonely Planet. pp. 249–252.
3619:Lipscomb, Adrian; et al. (February 1998).
3225:Island Rivers: Fresh Water and Place in Oceania
3223:", in John R. Wagner and Jerry K. Jacka, eds.,
3125:
2628:or Kaiser Wilhelmsland. The river was named by
4401:
3993:
3752:"Departures | 200 Miles Along the Sepik River"
512:. The majority of the river flows through the
4387:
4111:
2673:or SVD begin to proselytize along the river.
604:Bulletin of the American Geographical Society
427:Iram, Brucken, Oklip, Hauser, Horden, North,
3540:
3533:. Canberra: Australian National University.
3314:
2973:
2971:
2969:
3565:
3285:"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (EGU)"
2942:Snapshot of the daily life of the villagers
2805:and to the villages of Maliwai, Yambon and
2644:(Neuguinea-Kompagnie). Finsch, in the ship
524:, with a small section flowing through the
4394:
4380:
4118:
4104:
2640:. The colony was initially managed by the
708:. It is navigable for most of its length.
376:5,000 m/s (180,000 cu ft/s)
3855:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
3450:OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
2985:. Watersheds of the World. Archived from
2966:
2656:In 1886 and 1887, further expeditions by
3871:
3700:
3694:
3618:
2871:
2740:, Tomulopa Deko and indigenous men, 2012
2724:
2602:
2504:
631:
3725:
2801:and from there on the Sepik upriver to
282:80,321 km (31,012 sq mi)
14:
4999:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3546:
3353:
3266:
3171:
3169:
3167:
2669:. In the 1890s, missionaries from the
4375:
4099:
3974:
3826:
3801:
3571:
3473:
3105:
2821:held the area throughout most of the
2720:
1873:The main tributaries from the mouth:
1503:
3786:
3446:
3371:"WORLD WATER RESOURCES AND PROBLEMS"
3368:
3147:participating institution membership
2770:the remaining 900 kilometres to the
2615:
743:Its catchment is classified as type
736:activities, in the river catchment.
653:. From its mountain headwaters near
602:. William Churchill, writing in the
445:, Wario, Wagamush, April, Karawari,
300:400–500 m (1,300–1,600 ft)
3845:
3605:
3227:, pp. 187–221, Canberra: ANU Press.
3164:
738:April Salome Forest Management Area
24:
4086:Papua New Guinea Sepik River Video
3500:10.1111/j.1467-9493.1990.tb00013.x
3035:Colonel K. L. Duncan (RL) (2007).
2954:List of rivers of Papua New Guinea
2930:A warm welcome to foreign visitors
2624:established colonial control over
25:
5038:
4081:A Report on the Sepik River Basin
4027:
4014:
3999:
3429:"Global River Discharge Database"
3179:. Rainbow Habitat. Archived from
3109:Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea
2696:to conduct further explorations.
1443:station (period from 1963—1994):
740:is located in Sepik River basin.
3726:McClure, Rosemary (2017-09-06).
3354:Anders, Faaborg Povisen (1993).
2935:
2923:
2907:
2895:
2888:
1436:1969/1970 water year 8,964 m/s.
465:
338:35–55 m (115–180 ft) (
61:
45:
5017:International rivers of Oceania
4091:The Sepik River Expedition 2010
3943:
3918:
3893:
3820:
3805:The Approach to the Philippines
3795:
3780:
3768:
3744:
3719:
3682:
3673:
3664:
3655:
3646:
3637:
3590:
3523:
3362:
3270:Ausztrália, Óceánia, Antarktisz
3230:
3213:
3200:
2812:
1439:Sepik River discharge (m/s) at
755:, with a rainfall of 3,390 mm.
4036:"Papua New Guinea: Sepik Wara"
3369:Etko, Kuusisto (26 Aug 2004).
3187:
3153:
3119:
1868:
640:
575:by the explorer and scientist
504:by discharge volume after the
318:2 m (6 ft 7 in)
223: • coordinates
144: • coordinates
13:
1:
2959:
2611:, at work in the middle Sepik
1370:5.168262000°S 141.615262000°E
1209:4.254204000°S 141.895208000°E
1151:4.288241000°S 142.017804000°E
1093:4.311924000°S 142.328653000°E
960:4.218916000°S 142.825703000°E
805:3.842539000°S 144.543171000°E
753:Köppen climate classification
114:Physical characteristics
5012:International rivers of Asia
2867:
758:
711:
677:to the south, including the
649:in the central highlands of
645:The river originates in the
262: • elevation
187:2,170 m (7,120 ft)
183: • elevation
7:
3802:Smith, Robert Ross (1953).
3529:Laycock, Donald C. (1965).
2947:
2685:, the explorations ceased.
2636:, after the German Empress
1375:-5.168262000; 141.615262000
1267:3.935399000°S 141.2731500°E
1214:-4.254204000; 141.895208000
1156:-4.288241000; 142.017804000
1098:-4.311924000; 142.328653000
965:-4.218916000; 142.825703000
810:-3.842539000; 144.543171000
579:, after the German Empress
555:, which became part of the
500:, and the third largest in
360: • location
328:8–14 m (26–46 ft)
274:1,126 km (700 mi)
207: • location
132: • location
10:
5043:
5022:Rivers of Papua (province)
5007:Rivers of Papua New Guinea
3219:Silverman, Eric K. 2018. "
3062:Environmental Conservation
2777:Also in 2010, the painter
2671:Society of the Divine Word
2667:Rhenish Missionary Society
2665:, and, two members of the
2607:Australian anthropologist
2594:
903:4.062703000°S 144.074750°E
520:(formerly West Sepik) and
441:Hak, August, May, Seniap,
372: • average
334: • maximum
324: • average
314: • minimum
296: • average
29:
4966:
4928:
4464:
4413:
4360:
4137:
3341:10.1016/j.dsr.2006.09.001
3246:American Museum Novitates
3206:Schultz, Leonhard. 1914.
3134:Oxford English Dictionary
3082:10.1017/S0376892900007116
3015:Sepik Development Project
2642:German New Guinea Company
2475:
2444:
2354:
2227:
2180:
2124:
2086:
2017:
1921:
1917:
1895:
1860:
1345:
1272:-3.935399000; 141.2731500
1244:
1186:
1128:
1070:
935:
878:
782:
561:German New Guinea Company
435:
421:
413:
399:
389:
384:
380:
370:
358:
350:
346:
332:
322:
312:
304:
294:
286:
278:
270:
260:
221:
205:
195:
191:
181:
142:
130:
122:
118:
113:
95:
81:
76:
60:
44:
39:
3474:Glenn, McGregor (1990).
3210:. Berlin: E. S. Mittler.
3197:20 (15) 739-41; 744–745.
2732:, Maprik District, in a
1891:Average discharge (m/s)
908:-4.062703000; 144.074750
621:, a compound of "bone" (
437: • right
3979:. National Geographic.
3853:"Aitape–Wewak Campaign"
3701:McCarthy, J.K. (1963).
3139:Oxford University Press
3106:Ernst, Löffler (1977).
2690:Territory of New Guinea
546:
423: • left
67:Sepik River watershed (
3955:new guinea tribal arts
3930:new guinea tribal arts
3905:new guinea tribal arts
3883:War Compensation Forum
3691:accessed 6 August 2016
3447:Joël, Danloux (1997).
3267:Balázs, Dénes (1978).
2983:Water Resources eAtlas
2877:
2835:Netherlands New Guinea
2741:
2612:
637:
557:German colonial empire
32:Sepik (disambiguation)
4147:Baliem (Vriendschaps)
4062:The Sepik–Ramu System
3703:Patrol into yesterday
3358:(Report). p. 18.
3042:(Report). p. 16.
2875:
2847:Aitape-Wewak campaign
2728:
2606:
2524:basin is home to the
2505:Peoples and languages
2294:Fanngi (Green River)
2071:Black River—Huastein
673:to the north and the
635:
431:, Sanchi, Yimi, Nagam
245:3.84167°S 144.54167°E
3975:Salak, Kira (2004).
671:Torricelli Mountains
647:Victor Emanuel Range
573:Kaiserin Augustafluß
537:tropical rainforests
266:0 m (0 ft)
137:Victor Emanuel Range
30:For other uses, see
5027:Rivers of Indonesia
4363:Rivers of Indonesia
3787:Kühl, Ingo (2011).
3492:1990SJTG...11....1M
3333:2006DSRI...53.1845H
3137:(Online ed.).
3074:1980EnvCo...7..115M
2876:Garamut ritual drum
2839:Operations Reckless
2715:Sir Walter McNicoll
2699:In 1923 journalist
1366: /
1263: /
1205: /
1147: /
1089: /
956: /
899: /
801: /
749:tropical rainforest
565:Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
516:(PNG) provinces of
385:Basin features
250:-3.84167; 144.54167
241: /
162: /
27:River on New Guinea
4131:Western New Guinea
3789:"Papua New Guinea"
3517:"Papua New Guinea"
3480:Tropical Geography
3037:NOTICE TO MARINERS
2878:
2742:
2721:Modern 'explorers'
2613:
2432:Iugum (Casuarina)
663:Central Depression
638:
4994:
4993:
4369:
4368:
3838:978-1-107-08346-2
3732:Los Angeles Times
3583:978-3-11-028642-7
3558:978-3-11-028642-7
3327:(11): 1845-1863.
3145:(Subscription or
2916:black-capped lory
2756:Coral Expeditions
2751:Los Angeles Times
2701:Beatrice Grimshaw
2626:German New Guinea
2616:Early exploration
2565:language isolates
2561:language families
2542:Leonhard Schultze
2500:
2499:
2339:August (Yapsiei)
2043:Kwatit (Parchee)
1864:
1863:
1434:
1433:
496:on the island of
492:) is the longest
457:
456:
166:5.217°S 141.817°E
16:(Redirected from
5034:
4720:Leonard Schultze
4407:Papua New Guinea
4396:
4389:
4382:
4373:
4372:
4262:Pulau (Eilanden)
4120:
4113:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4058:
4040:
4021:
4020:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3885:. Archived from
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3859:on 13 March 2012
3849:
3843:
3842:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3621:Papua New Guinea
3616:
3603:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3544:
3538:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3471:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3444:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3395:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3243:
3234:
3228:
3217:
3211:
3204:
3198:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3173:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3142:
3130:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3053:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3010:
2991:
2990:
2975:
2939:
2927:
2911:
2899:
2823:Second World War
2634:Kaiserin Augusta
2589:Lower Sepik-Ramu
2534:Lower Sepik-Ramu
1888:Basin size (km)
1882:Right tributary
1876:
1875:
1446:
1445:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:141°36′54.9432″E
1359:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:141°53′42.7488″E
1198:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:142°19′43.1508″E
1082:
971:
970:
968:
967:
966:
961:
957:
954:
953:
952:
951:142°49′32.5308″E
949:
914:
913:
911:
910:
909:
904:
900:
897:
896:
895:
892:
816:
815:
813:
812:
811:
806:
802:
799:
798:
797:
796:144°32′35.4156″E
794:
763:
762:
651:Papua New Guinea
514:Papua New Guinea
491:
490:
487:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
438:
424:
404:
373:
361:
335:
325:
315:
297:
256:
255:
253:
252:
251:
246:
242:
239:
238:
237:
234:
216:Papua New Guinea
184:
177:
176:
174:
173:
172:
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
145:
133:
86:Papua New Guinea
65:
49:
37:
36:
21:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5031:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4962:
4924:
4460:
4409:
4400:
4370:
4365:
4356:
4133:
4124:
4055:
4038:
4030:
4025:
4024:
4013:
4009:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3973:
3969:
3960:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3935:
3933:
3924:
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3919:
3910:
3908:
3899:
3898:
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3877:
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3851:
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3839:
3825:
3821:
3800:
3796:
3785:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3760:
3758:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3736:
3734:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3699:
3695:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3617:
3606:
3595:
3591:
3584:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3545:
3541:
3528:
3524:
3515:
3514:
3507:
3472:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3396:
3381:
3373:
3367:
3363:
3352:
3348:
3313:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3265:
3261:
3241:
3235:
3231:
3218:
3214:
3205:
3201:
3192:
3188:
3175:
3174:
3165:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3104:
3097:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3033:
3026:
3018:
3012:
3011:
2994:
2977:
2976:
2967:
2962:
2950:
2943:
2940:
2931:
2928:
2919:
2912:
2903:
2900:
2891:
2870:
2851:Australian Army
2815:
2730:East Sepik area
2723:
2618:
2609:Ernest Chinnery
2597:
2511:Sepik languages
2507:
1879:Left tributary
1871:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1075:
964:
962:
958:
955:
950:
947:
945:
943:
942:
907:
905:
901:
898:
893:
890:
888:
886:
885:
809:
807:
803:
800:
795:
792:
790:
788:
787:
761:
751:) according to
714:
643:
617:call the river
549:
468:
464:
436:
422:
400:
371:
359:
333:
323:
313:
295:
263:
249:
247:
243:
240:
235:
232:
230:
228:
227:
224:
208:
182:
171:-5.217; 141.817
170:
168:
164:
161:
156:
153:
151:
149:
148:
143:
131:
72:
69:Interactive map
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5040:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
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4926:
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4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
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4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
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4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
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4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
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4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4471:
4469:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
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4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4410:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4227:Maro (Merauke)
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4123:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4029:
4028:External links
4026:
4023:
4022:
4007:
3992:
3985:
3967:
3942:
3917:
3892:
3889:on 2011-09-28.
3870:
3844:
3837:
3819:
3794:
3779:
3767:
3743:
3718:
3711:
3693:
3681:
3672:
3663:
3654:
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3629:
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3589:
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3557:
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3459:
3434:
3417:
3410:
3379:
3361:
3346:
3307:
3293:
3276:
3259:
3229:
3212:
3199:
3186:
3183:on 2007-05-31.
3163:
3152:
3118:
3095:
3068:(2): 115–122.
3045:
3024:
2992:
2989:on 2007-12-14.
2964:
2963:
2961:
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2957:
2956:
2949:
2946:
2945:
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2934:
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2904:
2901:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2869:
2866:
2814:
2811:
2722:
2719:
2705:pidgen-English
2617:
2614:
2596:
2593:
2563:, while local
2506:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Elip (Donner)
2457:
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1258:141°16′23.34″E
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1197:4°15′15.1344″S
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1139:4°17′17.6676″S
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793:3°50′33.1404″S
780:
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681:formed by the
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4207:Lorentz/Undir
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4054:4-9900653-1-X
4050:
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4018:
4015:Salak, Kira.
4011:
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4000:Salak, Kira.
3996:
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3712:0-7015-0327-0
3708:
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3697:
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3177:"Sepik River"
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2889:Image gallery
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2710:lingua franca
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2225:Wanibe Creek
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1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1358:5°10′5.7432″S
1350:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
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1300:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
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1282:
1279:
1276:
1255:3°56′7.4364″S
1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
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1218:
1189:
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1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
975:
972:
969:
948:4°13′8.0976″S
940:
939:
934:
931:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
915:
912:
891:4°3′45.7308″S
883:
882:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
865:
864:
861:
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821:
820:
817:
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785:
781:
777:
774:
771:
768:
766:Year, period
765:
764:
756:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
723:Chambri Lakes
720:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:Central Range
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
634:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:Iatmul people
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
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135:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
75:
70:
64:
59:
55:(left) rivers
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4420:
4414:Major rivers
4266:
4043:
4010:
3995:
3976:
3970:
3959:. Retrieved
3957:. 2018-03-07
3954:
3945:
3934:. Retrieved
3932:. 2018-03-02
3929:
3920:
3909:. Retrieved
3907:. 2018-04-11
3904:
3895:
3887:the original
3882:
3873:
3861:. Retrieved
3857:the original
3847:
3828:
3822:
3804:
3797:
3782:
3770:
3759:. Retrieved
3755:
3746:
3735:. Retrieved
3731:
3721:
3702:
3696:
3684:
3675:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3620:
3597:
3592:
3573:
3567:
3548:
3542:
3530:
3525:
3483:
3479:
3449:
3400:
3364:
3349:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3296:
3279:
3269:
3262:
3245:
3232:
3224:
3215:
3207:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3181:the original
3155:
3132:
3121:
3108:
3065:
3061:
3014:
2987:the original
2982:
2979:"OC05 Sepik"
2882:
2879:
2855:
2816:
2813:World War II
2776:
2772:Bismarck Sea
2768:dugout canoe
2760:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2708:
2698:
2687:
2675:
2655:
2649:
2645:
2633:
2619:
2598:
2519:
2508:
2501:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1885:Length (km)
1872:
1865:
1438:
1435:
1351:
1346:
1248:
1245:
1227:
1190:
1187:
1169:
1132:
1129:
1111:
1074:
1071:
941:
936:
930:
894:144°4′29.1″E
884:
879:
786:
783:
744:
742:
727:
715:
698:Bismarck Sea
691:
686:
682:
662:
658:
644:
626:
622:
618:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
585:
572:
568:
550:
541:Asia-Pacific
534:
528:province of
460:
458:
407:
402:River system
394:Bismarck Sea
212:Bismarck Sea
4968:New Ireland
4930:New Britain
4890:Wassi Kussa
4067:Sepik River
3535:OCLC 810186
2843:Persecution
2683:World War I
2663:New Britain
2630:Otto Finsch
2447:Hak (East)
1869:Tributaries
1461:Water year
1449:Water year
1373: /
1270: /
1246:Green River
1226:1994—1999,
1212: /
1168:1994—1999,
1154: /
1110:1994—1999,
1096: /
963: /
906: /
808: /
772:Mean (m/s)
769:Min (m/s)
641:Description
577:Otto Finsch
414:Tributaries
408:Sepik River
390:Progression
248: /
236:144°32′30″E
169: /
18:Sepik River
5001:Categories
4467:New Guinea
4431:Strickland
4312:Van Daalen
3986:0792274172
3961:2018-11-13
3936:2018-11-13
3911:2018-11-13
3761:2023-06-14
3756:Departures
3737:2023-06-14
3404:. UNESCO.
3149:required.)
2960:References
2713:. In 1935
2658:steam boat
2581:Torricelli
2558:Amto-Musan
2546:Upper Yuat
2526:Torricelli
2520:The Sepik-
2393:Hollander
1419:1963/1964
1403:1970—1993
1387:1975—1994
1330:1963/1964
1314:1969—1996
1298:1970—1993
1284:1971—2000
1228:2008—2015
1170:2008—2015
1112:2008—2015
1055:1963/1964
1039:1966—1994
1023:1966—1997
1007:1970—1992
993:1978—1987
977:1980—1984
920:1968—1980
850:1972/1973
836:1979/1980
822:1979—2015
775:Max (m/s)
679:Yuat River
553:New Guinea
526:Indonesian
522:East Sepik
498:New Guinea
279:Basin size
108:East Sepik
4685:Kaukombar
4465:Mainland
4212:Mamberamo
3814:570739529
3486:(1): 12.
3254:2246/2593
2868:Sepik art
2827:Hollandia
2779:Ingo Kühl
2763:Telefomin
2738:Ingo Kühl
2140:Wagamush
2002:Karawari
1977:11,952.5
1348:Telefomin
1188:May River
986:4,598.75
980:2,836.75
759:Discharge
712:Hydrology
696:, to the
655:Telefomin
586:The word
510:Mamberamo
351:Discharge
233:3°50′30″S
90:Indonesia
4958:Warangoi
4905:Wogamush
4875:Veimauri
4860:Torokina
4795:Pahoturi
4755:Morehead
4740:Masaweng
4715:Left May
4660:Hongorai
4555:Bensbach
4495:Arafundi
4347:Wiriagar
4342:Wildeman
4302:Taritatu
4282:Songgato
4197:Kamundan
3248:(2383).
3090:44517096
2948:See also
2858:Timbunke
2819:Japanese
2554:Left May
2538:Kwomtari
2419:Brucken
2380:Raadsel
2352:October
2329:1,149.3
2286:2,103.1
2273:1,995.8
2260:1,769.8
2232:1,618.4
2217:3,301.4
2158:1,893.6
2132:2,552.2
2117:1,068.8
2091:1,468.3
2061:3,204.3
2022:1,036.7
2015:Hambili
2007:7,565.9
1959:1,757.2
1944:5,598.7
1929:1,344.8
1907:80,386.2
1849:1978/79
1835:1993/94
1823:1977/78
1809:1992/93
1797:1976/77
1783:1991/92
1771:1975/76
1757:1990/91
1745:1974/75
1731:1989/90
1719:1973/74
1705:1988/89
1693:1972/73
1679:1987/88
1667:1971/72
1653:1986/87
1641:1970/71
1627:1985/86
1615:1969/70
1601:1984/85
1589:1968/69
1575:1983/84
1563:1967/68
1549:1982/83
1537:1966/67
1523:1981/82
1520:1965/66
1506:1980/81
1501:1964/65
1487:1979/80
1475:1963/64
1289:1,119.4
1238:3,047.8
1235:1,559.4
1180:4,524.1
1177:2,367.9
1119:3,338.7
1116:1,274.3
1016:8,938.8
1013:3,643.5
998:3,099.7
734:forestry
685:and the
592:Abschima
157:141°49′E
77:Location
4953:Johanna
4910:Yaganon
4835:Sogeram
4775:Ok Tedi
4765:Numagen
4745:Mindjim
4730:Mambare
4675:Kabenau
4625:Gilagil
4600:Elevala
4525:Ateltem
4456:Markham
4332:Warswai
4327:Warenai
4272:Seremuk
4257:Pauwasi
4252:Ok Tedi
4217:Mandobo
4192:Kampung
4152:Becking
4142:Apauwar
3863:30 July
3488:Bibcode
3329:Bibcode
3290:. 2021.
3128:"Sepik"
3070:Bibcode
3021:. 2022.
2883:garamut
2803:Ambunti
2707:" as a
2694:Ambunti
2679:Angoram
2638:Augusta
2622:Germany
2595:History
2322:Hauser
2281:Horden
2199:Seniap
2112:Wagasu
2099:Namblo
2084:Sanchi
2030:Atilem
1441:Ambunti
1072:Kubkain
938:Ambunti
881:Angoram
859:10,963
784:Estuary
619:Avusett
581:Augusta
518:Sandaun
502:Oceania
365:Angoram
340:Angoram
100:Sandaun
82:Country
4981:Lossuk
4976:Aparam
4948:Balima
4915:Yellow
4880:Wanang
4870:Vanapa
4850:Timper
4845:Tabali
4820:Segero
4815:Samaia
4790:Oriomo
4710:Lamari
4705:Kumusi
4680:Kaugel
4610:Frieda
4605:Evapia
4590:Chimbu
4575:Boiken
4505:Aramia
4485:Aitape
4451:Turama
4446:Purari
4441:Kikori
4403:Rivers
4337:Waruta
4322:Wapoga
4297:Tariku
4277:Sobger
4242:Muturi
4237:Momats
4232:Mimika
4172:Bulaka
4167:Brazza
4157:Bewani
4127:Rivers
4051:
3983:
3835:
3812:
3709:
3627:
3580:
3555:
3408:
3088:
2845:. The
2831:Aitape
2807:Yessan
2795:Maprik
2787:Madang
2783:Goroka
2587:, and
2575:, and
2556:, and
2493:176.6
2480:388.7
2465:227.6
2452:464.3
2437:201.4
2424:465.8
2414:193.4
2411:1,042
2406:Oklip
2398:269.4
2372:529.4
2359:604.3
2347:208.5
2344:1,838
2314:440.4
2299:750.8
2289:124.1
2276:123.7
2268:North
2263:111.2
2254:Yellow
2245:479.5
2220:405.5
2204:538.9
2194:271.9
2191:1,466
2184:Frieda
2173:992.5
2166:Nopan
2161:279.9
2153:Wario
2145:964.7
2135:226.8
2127:April
2104:663.4
2048:611.3
2035:954.6
2010:376.3
1992:655.1
1985:Pasik
1980:625.4
1974:373.4
1952:Nagam
1947:306.9
1858:5,606
1855:3,450
1852:1,153
1844:5,061
1841:4,020
1838:2,825
1832:5,636
1829:3,830
1826:1,538
1818:5,017
1815:3,180
1812:1,320
1806:5,622
1803:4,030
1800:2,205
1792:4,938
1789:3,350
1786:1,747
1780:5,164
1777:3,220
1774:1,183
1766:4,926
1763:3,210
1760:1,482
1754:5,989
1751:3,730
1748:1,452
1740:5,809
1737:3,870
1734:1,907
1728:4,893
1725:3,010
1722:1,082
1714:6,203
1711:3,790
1708:1,448
1702:7,081
1699:4,540
1696:2,326
1688:5,008
1685:3,880
1682:2,736
1676:4,757
1673:3,320
1670:1,074
1662:5,502
1659:3,080
1650:4,240
1647:3,040
1644:1,822
1636:4,808
1633:3,190
1624:8,964
1621:4,950
1618:2,696
1610:5,232
1607:3,680
1604:2,111
1598:5,606
1595:3,740
1592:1,821
1584:4,703
1581:3,360
1578:1,828
1572:4,883
1569:3,080
1566:1,242
1558:5,999
1555:4,060
1552:1,509
1546:4,331
1543:3,390
1540:2,429
1532:5,465
1529:3,310
1526:1,142
1515:5,602
1512:3,850
1509:1,632
1496:5,509
1493:4,080
1490:2,009
1484:7,038
1481:5,316
1478:3,398
1428:1,538
1412:1,576
1339:3,144
1336:2,505
1333:2,117
1323:1,550
1320:1,191
1307:3,573
1304:1,297
1232:514.7
1174:707.1
1122:6,022
1064:7,038
1061:5,316
1058:3,398
1048:5,448
1045:3,615
1042:1,702
1032:4,730
1029:3,664
1026:2,600
1010:934.7
983:4,208
925:5,000
870:4,800
856:7,663
853:4,363
841:7,000
827:4,565
730:mining
694:Amazon
667:Bewani
659:Yapsei
600:Azimar
453:, Bien
443:Frieda
429:Yellow
417:
354:
308:
290:
271:Length
201:
154:5°13′S
126:
123:Source
96:Region
4986:Lumis
4938:Aemoi
4900:Wawoi
4895:Watut
4885:Waria
4855:Tomul
4800:Piore
4785:Omosa
4780:Omati
4725:Malas
4700:Kumil
4695:Kokun
4690:Keram
4640:Guabe
4635:Gogol
4630:Girua
4620:Genga
4595:Dimir
4570:Bitoi
4565:Birim
4560:Bigei
4540:Bae'e
4535:Awung
4520:Atara
4515:Asaro
4490:Ajova
4475:Abede
4421:Sepik
4352:Wowei
4317:Wamma
4287:Tabai
4267:Sepik
4222:Mappi
4202:Kumbe
4187:Grime
4177:Digul
4039:(PDF)
3454:(PDF)
3374:(PDF)
3288:(PDF)
3242:(PDF)
3143:
3113:(PDF)
3086:JSTOR
3040:(PDF)
3019:(PDF)
2799:Pagwi
2791:Wewak
2650:Samoa
2646:Samoa
2585:Sepik
2573:Taiap
2530:Sepik
2496:23.8
2488:Nong
2483:64.9
2473:Iram
2468:26.6
2455:54.7
2427:76.4
2401:40.4
2388:39.7
2375:46.8
2367:West
2362:44.5
2332:74.1
2317:35.2
2309:Idam
2302:41.4
2248:31.4
2240:Yula
2207:57.7
2176:60.1
2148:81.6
2120:59.4
2107:36.5
2094:77.4
2079:64.4
2064:87.8
2056:Yimi
2038:23.1
2025:31.1
1995:15.1
1962:41.9
1938:Keram
1932:67.7
1924:Bien
1912:5,000
1902:1,126
1897:Sepik
1467:Mean
1455:Mean
1396:66.8
1393:54.4
1130:Iniok
778:Ref.
719:oxbow
706:Wewak
702:delta
687:Jimmi
608:Sepik
596:Sepik
588:Sipik
569:Samoa
530:Papua
494:river
461:Sepik
451:Keram
305:Depth
287:Width
197:Mouth
104:Papua
40:Sepik
4943:Apmi
4920:Yuat
4840:Song
4830:Siki
4825:Senu
4810:Pual
4805:Piva
4770:Nuru
4760:Musa
4750:Moam
4735:Mape
4670:Jimi
4665:Jaba
4650:Guga
4645:Guam
4615:Gama
4585:Busu
4580:Bumi
4550:Bapi
4545:Bamu
4530:Atob
4510:Aroa
4500:Arai
4480:Afai
4436:Ramu
4292:Tami
4247:Nawa
4162:Bian
4049:ISBN
3981:ISBN
3865:2010
3833:ISBN
3810:OCLC
3707:ISBN
3625:ISBN
3578:ISBN
3553:ISBN
3406:ISBN
2862:RAAF
2841:and
2829:and
2817:The
2793:and
2785:via
2577:Yadë
2569:Busa
2567:are
2550:Yuat
2522:Ramu
2385:269
2212:May
2076:917
1970:Yuat
1656:932
1630:999
1470:Max
1464:Min
1458:Max
1452:Min
1425:636
1422:235
1317:841
1301:436
732:and
669:and
627:tset
547:Name
508:and
459:The
447:Yuat
53:Ramu
4865:Tua
4655:Gum
4426:Fly
4405:of
4307:Tor
4182:Fly
4129:of
3496:doi
3337:doi
3250:hdl
3078:doi
2833:in
2797:to
2440:32
2235:98
2188:70
2051:15
1409:51
1406:15
1390:40
683:Lai
629:).
623:ava
506:Fly
5003::
4041:.
3953:.
3928:.
3903:.
3881:.
3754:.
3730:.
3607:^
3508:^
3494:.
3484:11
3482:.
3478:.
3462:^
3437:^
3420:^
3382:^
3335:.
3325:53
3323:.
3319:.
3244:.
3166:^
3131:.
3098:^
3084:.
3076:.
3064:.
3060:.
3048:^
3027:^
2995:^
2981:.
2968:^
2914:A
2789:,
2736:,
2632:,
2583:,
2579:.
2571:,
2552:,
2548:,
2544:,
2540:,
2536:,
2532:,
2528:,
2517:.
745:Af
689:.
583:.
532:.
449:,
214:,
106:,
102:,
88:,
4395:e
4388:t
4381:v
4119:e
4112:t
4105:v
4057:.
4019:.
4004:.
3989:.
3964:.
3939:.
3914:.
3867:.
3841:.
3816:.
3764:.
3740:.
3715:.
3633:.
3586:.
3561:.
3537:.
3519:.
3502:.
3498::
3490::
3456:.
3431:.
3414:.
3376:.
3343:.
3339::
3331::
3304:.
3273:.
3256:.
3252::
3141:.
3115:.
3092:.
3080::
3072::
3066:7
747:(
488:/
485:k
482:ɪ
479:p
476:ɛ
473:s
470:ˈ
467:/
463:(
342:)
71:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
