135:
3444:
1799:
25:
3432:
3024:
which are considered by
Unicode to be canonically equivalent to the new forms, and may not be distinguished by user agents. Therefore, depending on the user environment, it may not be possible to see the distinction between old and new forms of the characters. In particular, all Unicode normalization methods merge the old characters with the new ones.
3155:
In
Chinese, many more characters were simplified than in Japanese; some characters were simplified only in the one language, but not in the other; other characters were simplified in the same way in both languages, others in different ways. This means that those who want to learn the writing systems
3023:
These characters are
Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs for which the old form (kyūjitai) and the new form (shinjitai) have been unified under the Unicode standard. Although the old and new forms are distinguished under the JIS X 0213 standard, the old forms map to Unicode CJK Compatibility Ideographs
2884:
The latest 2010 jōyō kanji reform has added additional inconsistencies in this regard as in some instances radicals that were previously uniformly simplified across the jōyō set now first appeared in their traditional variants in some of the new jōyō characters; contrary to prior practice no new
3147:
Mainland China, Singapore, Malaysia and Japan simplified their writing systems independently from each other. After World War II, poor relations prevented cooperation between the two nations. Traditional
Chinese characters are still officially used in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, South Korea (as a
2982:
in names. The jinmeiyō kanji List also includes 631 kanji that are not elements of the jōyō Kanji List; 18 of them have a variant. For a list of traditional and modern forms of jōyō and jinmeiyō kanji, see
2881:("revolve"), but it takes a different form in 團, where instead of changing the phonetic element in a regular manner to get the expected 囩 it is shortened to the meaningless component 寸, producing 団.
2314:
In some cases a standard character was replaced by a variant character that neither is a graphical variant nor shares an On reading, but had a historical basis for standardisation. Examples include
1777:
In 332 cases, characters in the new standard have fewer strokes than old forms, in 14 cases they have the same number, and in 11 cases they have one more stroke. The most drastic simplification was
2942:
Nevertheless, the guidelines published by the
Japanese government explicitly permit simplification in handwriting, and do not object to use of alternate characters in electronic text.
3561:
2699:
Secondly, even when a simplification was done in some characters within this group, the analogous simplification was not applied to all characters. For instance, the character
2225:) group each contain a semantic component and a phonetic component. A choice was made to replace the phonetic parts with homophones which had fewer strokes. For example,
1932:. However, they are to be seen as unofficial, a position reiterated in the National Language Council's 2000 report on Characters Not Listed in the Jōyō Kanji Table.
1859:
The simplification in shinjitai were only officially applied to characters in the Tōyō and Jōyō Kanji Lists, with the kyūjitai forms remaining the official forms of
3156:
of both
Chinese and Japanese must sometimes learn three different variations of one character: traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and modern Japanese (e.g.
3142:
454:
3047:
Like one of the controversial aspects of simplified
Chinese, some shinjitai were originally separate characters with different meanings. For example, the kanji
2460:
In five basic cases and six derivations for a total of eleven cases, kanji were modified by adding a stroke, thereby rendering the composition more regular:
386:
660:
2885:
simplifications of characters have been carried out, likely in consideration of established JIS character set use spanning decades at this point. Compare
2927:
character does exist, but was likely ignored due to having no history of use in
Japanese character sets. On the other hand, former extended shinjitai
378:
2143:
was previously printed as 八 and written 丷 (as in the aforementioned examples), but the old printed form is still seen in the hyōgaiji characters
2338:
respectively. In both cases the variant character had a different meaning and reading but was adopted due to its lower stroke count anyway.
442:
397:
621:
2709:, meaning "dragon", was simplified in isolation and in some compound characters, but not others. The character itself was simplified to
895:
There have been a few stages of simplifications made since the 1950s, but the only changes that became official were the changes in the
3552:
653:
3112:
2563:– formerly the middle stroke was part of the lower left stroke, now these are separate, so the lower two strokes form the common
3644:
2185:, so the written form became standard; the old printed form is still found in the standard form in hyōgaiji characters such as
3495:"This page shows examples of these handwritten abbreviations, identical to their modern shinjitai forms, from the pre-war era"
3589:
3017:海 社 勉 暑 漢 神 福 練 者 都 器 殺 祝 節 梅 類 祖 勤 穀 視 署 層 著 諸 難 朗 欄 廊 虜 隆 塚 祥 侮 僧 免 卑 喝 嘆 塀 墨 悔 慨 憎 懲 敏 既 煮 碑 祉 祈 禍 突 繁 臭 褐 謁 謹 賓 贈 逸 響 頻
405:
3468:
646:
2601:) was simplified, with characters outside this group (the hyōgaiji) generally retaining their earlier form. For example,
89:
2629:(with the right-side element in the latter two not being identical, but merely graphically similar) were simplified as
3614:
61:
1846:
108:
3530:
1828:
534:
494:
297:
68:
3073:. Many of the original characters which have become merged are no longer used in modern Japanese: for example,
1978:(JIS) contain numerous simplified forms of Kanji following the model of the shinjitai simplifications, such as
1824:
860:
46:
326:
1975:
864:
825:
304:
75:
2767:, exists for the latter, and is used in practice rather often over the official variant, for instance in
205:
2030:
1919:
Despite this, simplified forms of hyōgaiji do exist in
Japanese character sets, and are referred to as
1820:
634:
527:
321:
281:
243:
191:
42:
57:
2597:
Simplification was not carried out uniformly. Firstly, only a select group of characters (the common
2087:
Characters in which there were two or more variants were standardized under one form. The character
1941:
newspaper is thorough in its simplification of hyōgaiji, and its in-house simplifications are called
769:
309:
146:
134:
1809:
3035:
counterpart is considered as a duplicate, and is thus not unified, even though some fonts such as
1813:
35:
892:
reading with fewer strokes, or replacing a complex component of a character with a simpler one.
3594:
464:
449:
365:
2827:("graduate") has been kept unsimplified in isolation, but in compounds has been simplified to
2119:
form became standard. The 辶 radical was previously printed with two dots (as in the hyōgaiji
908:
437:
266:
228:
183:
1990:); many of these are included in Unicode, but are not present in most kanji character sets.
2131:), so the written form with one dot became standard. The upper 丷 portion of the characters
2017:
as 㐧 ) are not a part of the shinjitai reforms and therefore do not carry official status.
755:
806:
8:
3516:
3126:
2034:
598:
593:
248:
2262:) based on this model, in which various non-kanji symbols are used as onpu, for example
3619:
1920:
200:
126:
82:
801:
258:
223:
218:
2979:
3448:
1942:
560:
3204:
3036:
2996:
2951:
2783:("gauntlet"). Note that despite simplification 龍 can still be found in Japanese.
2598:
896:
817:
415:
238:
156:
3129:, and Japanese history books have had to distinguish between the two by writing
486:
3639:
585:
347:
276:
253:
3494:
3105:, respectively, both archaic kanji for the first person pronoun "I". However,
171:
3633:
3152:, but they are no longer used in North Korea), and by many overseas Chinese.
3136:
1937:
911:
character reforms. Many were based on widely used handwritten abbreviations (
3625:
A downloadable
Shinjitai - Kyūjitai - Simplified Chinese character converter
2990:
2258:. There are also colloquial handwritten simplifications (otherwise known as
3436:
1711:
314:
3125:), uses this character. This character also has significance in classical
2954:, there are 364 pairs of simplified and traditional characters. The kanji
2690:
863:). This simplification was achieved through a process (similar to that of
3615:
A practical Shinjitai - Kyūjitai - Simplified Chinese character converter
3122:
959:
213:
2984:
1860:
840:
718:
470:
3624:
2505:. However, the character 捗 was not modified (Compare with the section "
2346:
Some kanji were simplified by removing entire components. For example,
1968:
950:
878:
513:
338:
331:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2789:
2733:
2723:
2713:
2703:
2679:
2669:
2661:
2651:
2641:
2633:
2623:
2613:
2605:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2404:
2395:
2391:
2382:
2378:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2047:
2043:
2002:
1971:-based printing, more complicated kanji could not be clearly printed.
1782:
1778:
1737:
1725:
1676:
1664:
1601:
1589:
1548:
1536:
1495:
1483:
1452:
1440:
1399:
1387:
1346:
1334:
1293:
1281:
1240:
1228:
1197:
1185:
1144:
1132:
1091:
1079:
1038:
1026:
985:
973:
2082:
1798:
24:
3443:
3007:
counterparts. Within the jōyō kanji, there are 62 characters whose
704:
690:
613:
574:
567:
271:
3609:
608:
2259:
2014:
1955:; cramp, spasm, convulsion) is simplified following the model of
1907:
920:
3203:
Same Unicode character but appearance may vary with script; see
832:
is generally not as extensive in the scope of its modification.
3149:
503:
2978:). Of these 364 traditional characters, 212 are still used as
2794:("pierce") was not simplified, nor was the compound character
3069:
was originally a separate character read with the On reading
3027:蘒 (U+8612), which is not jōyō, is displayed as an (extended)
2945:
813:
166:
161:
2206:
2037:
forms of kanji were adopted as shinjitai. Examples include:
1967:. This is also said to have been done because in the age of
3596:
The 20th Century Japanese Writing System: Reform and Change
1993:
Ryakuji for handwriting use, such as the abbreviations for
1870:, characters not included in the Tōyō and Jōyō Kanji Lists)
553:
3137:
Differences in simplification between Chinese and Japanese
2991:
Traditional characters that may cause problems displaying
1916:, remained unsimplified due to its status as a Hyōgaiji.
907:
The following forms were established as a result of the
3143:
Differences between Shinjitai and Simplified characters
3111:
poses a problem, in that Japan's first public library,
2960:
is used to simplify three different traditional kanji (
1761:
1749:
1700:
1688:
1647:
1635:
1624:
1613:
1572:
1560:
1519:
1507:
1464:
1423:
1411:
1370:
1358:
1317:
1305:
1264:
1252:
1209:
1168:
1156:
1115:
1103:
1062:
1050:
1009:
997:
957:
948:
941:
931:
918:
774:
760:
2921:("label"). For the latter an analogically simplified
2802:("accustomed"), but in the other compound character
2759:("basket"), although an extended shinjitai variant,
2696:), were kept in use in their unsimplified variants.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2083:Standardization and unification of character forms
859:, which is unsimplified kanji (usually similar to
838:were created by reducing the number of strokes in
3330:Different simplifications in Chinese and Japanese
3057:; performance, accomplishment) was simplified to
2309:
2025:
3631:
2020:
845:
792:
3410:
3379:
3348:
3317:
3286:
3255:
3224:
3170:
3116:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3084:
3074:
3064:
3058:
3048:
3015:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2934:
2928:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2787:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2731:
2721:
2711:
2701:
2688:
2677:
2667:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2603:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2512:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2441:
2428:
2415:
2402:
2389:
2376:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2297:
2283:
2273:
2263:
2253:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2088:
2074:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2041:
2008:
1994:
1985:
1979:
1962:
1956:
1946:
1925:
1911:
1897:
1891:
1873:
1865:
1756:
1744:
1735:
1723:
1695:
1683:
1674:
1662:
1642:
1630:
1619:
1608:
1599:
1587:
1567:
1555:
1546:
1534:
1514:
1502:
1493:
1481:
1459:
1450:
1438:
1418:
1406:
1397:
1385:
1365:
1353:
1344:
1332:
1312:
1300:
1291:
1279:
1259:
1247:
1238:
1226:
1204:
1195:
1183:
1163:
1151:
1142:
1130:
1110:
1098:
1089:
1077:
1057:
1045:
1036:
1024:
1004:
992:
983:
971:
912:
872:
852:
737:
723:
709:
695:
16:Modern forms of kanji used in Japan after 1946
3403:
3396:
3372:
3365:
3341:
3334:
3310:
3303:
3279:
3272:
3248:
3241:
3217:
3210:
3164:
3158:
2922:
2576:– formerly the small stroke at upper left of
2252:Other simplifications of this method include
2000:
1788:
654:
2499:) – the bottom component becomes the common
816:used in Japan since the promulgation of the
1999:(in simplified Chinese, this abbreviation,
1827:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3133:using the old form of the 艹 radical, (艸).
2946:Simplifications in jōyō and jinmeiyō kanji
661:
647:
1847:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3620:A complex Shinjitai - Kyūjitai converter
2341:
820:in 1946. Some of the new forms found in
3610:A simple Shinjitai - Kyūjitai converter
3632:
2933:("luster") has been added in favor of
3237:Same simplification in both languages
3011:forms may cause problems displaying:
2101:; island) also had the variant forms
3567:from the original on 3 February 2024
3392:Japanese simplification more drastic
3199:No simplification in either language
1825:adding citations to reliable sources
1792:
406:Standard Form of National Characters
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
3603:
3361:Chinese simplification more drastic
2582:was part of the vertical stroke in
13:
3003:characters are unified with their
2592:
2588:, but now it is a separate stroke.
2455:
2125:) but was written with one (as in
14:
3656:
3583:
2657:, respectively, but the hyōgaiji
2107:(still seen in proper names) and
2033:(also known as grass script) and
1715:
3590:Kanji - Japanese Simplifications
3442:
3430:
3042:
2810:it was simplified, resulting in
2719:, as was the compound character
2686:which contain the same element (
1797:
495:Literary and colloquial readings
133:
23:
2207:Change of character indicating
1274:'country', 'kingdom', 'nation'
877:, "sound mark") indicating the
34:needs additional citations for
3545:
3523:
3509:
3487:
3461:
3404:
3397:
3373:
3366:
3342:
3335:
3311:
3304:
3280:
3273:
3249:
3242:
3218:
3211:
3165:
3159:
2310:Adoption of variant characters
2026:Adoption of grass script forms
861:traditional Chinese characters
857:, "proper/correct characters")
775:
761:
398:Nan Min Recommended Characters
1:
3645:Japanese writing system terms
3454:
2743:simplified in the characters
2066:(religion/ceremony radical) →
1976:Japanese Industrial Standards
1872:. For example, the character
902:
826:simplified Chinese characters
3469:"Kanji list just got bigger"
3389:
3358:
3327:
3296:
3265:
3234:
3196:
2857:in some characters, such as
2173:; blue) was once printed as
2021:Methods of simplifying Kanji
1890:; raise ) was simplified as
1768:
1721:
1707:
1660:
1654:
1585:
1579:
1532:
1526:
1479:
1473:
1436:
1430:
1383:
1377:
1330:
1324:
1277:
1271:
1224:
1218:
1181:
1175:
1128:
1122:
1075:
1069:
1022:
1016:
969:
812:are the simplified forms of
7:
3423:
3299:Simplified in Japanese only
3093:; excess) were merged with
2007:, has become official) and
1910:tree) which also contained
1762:
1750:
1701:
1689:
1648:
1636:
1625:
1614:
1573:
1561:
1520:
1508:
1465:
1424:
1412:
1371:
1359:
1318:
1306:
1265:
1253:
1210:
1169:
1157:
1116:
1104:
1063:
1051:
1010:
998:
958:
949:
942:
932:
919:
846:
793:
390:(Hong Kong, 2007)
10:
3661:
3268:Simplified in Chinese only
3140:
2786:Conversely, the character
2550:) – the top right becomes
2306:; machine, opportunity) .
1789:Unofficial simplifications
1767:
1706:
1653:
1578:
1525:
1472:
1429:
1376:
1323:
1270:
1217:
1174:
1121:
1068:
1015:
867:) of either replacing the
844:("old character form") or
635:Transliteration of Chinese
192:Neolithic symbols in China
3411:
3380:
3349:
3318:
3287:
3256:
3225:
3171:
3117:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3085:
3075:
3065:
3059:
3049:
3039:may treat it as unified.
3016:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2812:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2732:
2722:
2712:
2702:
2689:
2678:
2668:
2660:
2650:
2640:
2632:
2622:
2612:
2604:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2513:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2442:
2429:
2416:
2403:
2390:
2377:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2298:
2284:
2274:
2264:
2254:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2089:
2075:
2068:
2062:
2055:
2042:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1986:
1980:
1963:
1957:
1947:
1926:
1912:
1898:
1892:
1874:
1866:
1757:
1745:
1736:
1724:
1696:
1684:
1675:
1663:
1643:
1631:
1620:
1609:
1600:
1588:
1568:
1556:
1547:
1535:
1515:
1503:
1494:
1482:
1460:
1451:
1439:
1419:
1407:
1398:
1386:
1366:
1354:
1345:
1333:
1313:
1301:
1292:
1280:
1260:
1248:
1239:
1227:
1205:
1196:
1184:
1164:
1152:
1143:
1131:
1111:
1099:
1090:
1078:
1058:
1046:
1037:
1025:
1005:
993:
984:
972:
956:
913:
873:
853:
805:
786:
768:
754:
749:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
684:
680:
675:
147:Chinese family of scripts
3553:
3531:"Unihan data for U+3427"
3475:. Tokyo. 2 December 2010
1984:(the simplified form of
1771:'(administrative) ward'
947:
940:
930:
925:) from the prewar era.
387:Commonly-Used Characters
379:Commonly Used Characters
2897:("drink") to 2010 jōyō
2851:has been simplified to
2531:) – the bottom becomes
2203:is used in some fonts.
1785:, removing 20 strokes.
810:, "new character form")
360:Collation and standards
2915:("coin") to 2010 jōyō
2366:was removed to become
622:Slavonic transcription
465:Japanese script reform
450:Traditional characters
3598:by Christopher Seeley
3517:"コラム統計計算文法考:漢字編(1-5)"
2903:("fodder, bait"), or
2342:Removal of components
1476:'(ontological) form'
438:Simplified characters
3497:. Kan-chan.stbbs.net
3449:Languages portal
3184:traditional Chinese
3121:) (built during the
1896:, but the character
1821:improve this section
1718:'round', 'circular'
1433:'expansive', 'wide'
43:improve this article
3187:simplified Chinese
3127:Japanese literature
2035:semi-cursive script
409:(Taiwan, 1982)
401:(Taiwan, 2009)
3083:; in advance) and
2869:("transmit"), and
2739:; however, it was
2296:; wisteria) , and
2215:Characters of the
1921:extended shinjitai
899:in 1981 and 2010.
865:simplified Chinese
824:are also found in
421:(Japan, 2010)
127:Chinese characters
3421:
3420:
2249:were homophones.
2013:(which exists in
1857:
1856:
1849:
1775:
1774:
790:
789:
782:
781:
671:
670:
535:Zetian characters
367:Kangxi Dictionary
119:
118:
111:
93:
3652:
3604:Glyph conversion
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3559:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3465:
3447:
3446:
3437:Japan portal
3435:
3434:
3433:
3414:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3352:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3321:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3290:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3228:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3207:
3190:modern Japanese
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3161:
3120:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3019:
3018:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2729:("waterfall") →
2728:
2727:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2664:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2608:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2474:
2473:
2451:
2450:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2411:
2399:
2398:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2356:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2301:
2300:
2287:
2286:
2282:; jubilation) ,
2277:
2276:
2267:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2160:
2159:
2155:. The character
2154:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2092:
2091:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1943:Asahi characters
1931:
1929:
1928:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1852:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1801:
1793:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1729:
1728:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1668:
1667:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1593:
1592:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1540:
1539:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1487:
1486:
1475:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1444:
1443:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1391:
1390:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1338:
1337:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1232:
1231:
1220:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1188:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1136:
1135:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1083:
1082:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1030:
1029:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1001:
996:
995:
989:
988:
977:
976:
963:
954:
945:
935:
928:
927:
924:
916:
915:
876:
875:
858:
856:
855:
849:
811:
809:
798:
778:
777:
764:
763:
747:
746:
741:
740:
727:
726:
713:
712:
699:
698:
673:
672:
663:
656:
649:
382:(PRC, 2013)
348:Digital encoding
267:Modern typefaces
150:
137:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3630:
3629:
3606:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3560:(in Japanese).
3557:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3473:The Japan Times
3467:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3205:Han unification
3202:
3201:
3176:for "dragon").
3157:
3145:
3139:
3081:YO, arakaji(me)
3045:
3037:Source Han Sans
3031:character; its
3020:
2997:Han unification
2993:
2948:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2751:("attack") and
2744:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2687:
2676:
2658:
2648:
2630:
2620:
2602:
2595:
2593:Inconsistencies
2507:Inconsistencies
2458:
2456:Adding a stroke
2344:
2312:
2231:was changed to
2213:
2179:but written as
2113:, but only the
2085:
2028:
2023:
1945:. For example,
1923:
1863:
1853:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1818:
1802:
1791:
1629:
1618:
905:
897:Jōyō Kanji List
850:
818:Tōyō Kanji List
799:
756:Revised Hepburn
667:
627:
626:
618:
605:
582:
548:
547:Derived systems
540:
539:
530:
520:
519:
509:
499:
490:
479:
478:
461:
433:
425:
424:
412:
393:
374:
361:
353:
352:
300:
296:Properties and
289:
288:
263:
235:
210:
197:
186:
157:Written Chinese
153:
144:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3658:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3592:
3585:
3584:External links
3582:
3579:
3578:
3544:
3522:
3508:
3486:
3471:. Editorials.
3459:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3439:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3148:supplement to
3141:Main article:
3138:
3135:
3044:
3041:
3014:
2992:
2989:
2980:jinmeiyō kanji
2947:
2944:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2569:
2556:
2537:
2518:
2510:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2439:
2426:
2413:
2400:
2387:
2374:
2343:
2340:
2311:
2308:
2212:
2205:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2059:
2052:
2031:Cursive script
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
1855:
1854:
1805:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1754:
1742:
1733:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1672:
1669:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1640:
1606:
1597:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1544:
1541:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1491:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1457:
1448:
1445:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1395:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1342:
1339:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1236:
1233:
1223:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1202:
1193:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1140:
1137:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1087:
1084:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1034:
1031:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1002:
990:
981:
978:
968:
967:
964:
955:
946:
939:
936:
904:
901:
788:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
772:
766:
765:
758:
752:
751:
750:Transcriptions
743:
742:
735:
729:
728:
721:
715:
714:
707:
701:
700:
693:
687:
686:
682:
681:
678:
677:
669:
668:
666:
665:
658:
651:
643:
640:
639:
638:
637:
629:
628:
625:
624:
617:
616:
611:
604:
603:
602:
601:
596:
588:
586:Jurchen script
581:
580:
579:
578:
571:
564:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:
531:
526:
525:
522:
521:
518:
517:
508:
507:
498:
497:
491:
485:
484:
481:
480:
477:
476:
475:
474:
460:
459:
458:
457:
447:
446:
445:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
422:
411:
410:
402:
392:
391:
383:
373:
372:
362:
359:
358:
355:
354:
351:
350:
345:
344:
343:
336:
324:
319:
318:
317:
307:
301:
298:classification
295:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:
279:
274:
262:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
234:
233:
232:
231:
226:
221:
209:
208:
203:
196:
195:
187:
181:
180:
177:
176:
175:
174:
169:
164:
159:
152:
151:
139:
138:
130:
129:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3657:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3563:
3556:
3548:
3533:. Unicode.org
3532:
3526:
3518:
3512:
3496:
3490:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3438:
3428:
3427:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3153:
3151:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3092:
3082:
3072:
3056:
3043:Controversies
3040:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2981:
2953:
2950:In the 2,136
2943:
2940:
2882:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2784:
2742:
2735:
2725:
2715:
2705:
2697:
2692:
2681:
2671:
2663:
2653:
2643:
2635:
2625:
2615:
2607:
2600:
2570:
2557:
2538:
2519:
2511:
2508:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2307:
2305:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2271:
2261:
2255:竊→窃, 廳→庁, 擔→担
2250:
2218:
2210:
2204:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2100:
2096:
2073:
2060:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2018:
2016:
2004:
1991:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1954:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1938:Asahi Shimbun
1933:
1922:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1862:
1851:
1848:
1840:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1806:This section
1804:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1764:
1755:
1752:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1713:
1703:
1694:
1691:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1650:
1641:
1638:
1627:
1616:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1575:
1566:
1563:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1522:
1513:
1510:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1470:
1467:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1426:
1417:
1414:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1373:
1364:
1361:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1320:
1311:
1308:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1267:
1258:
1255:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1215:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1171:
1162:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1065:
1056:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1012:
1003:
1000:
991:
987:
982:
979:
975:
970:
965:
962:
961:
953:
952:
944:
937:
934:
929:
926:
923:
922:
910:
900:
898:
893:
891:
887:
884:with another
883:
881:
870:
866:
862:
848:
843:
842:
837:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
808:
803:
797:
796:
785:
773:
771:
767:
759:
757:
753:
748:
744:
736:
734:
730:
722:
720:
716:
708:
706:
702:
694:
692:
688:
685:Japanese name
683:
679:
674:
664:
659:
657:
652:
650:
645:
644:
642:
641:
636:
633:
632:
631:
630:
623:
620:
619:
615:
612:
610:
607:
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182:Evolution of
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
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21:
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3595:
3569:. Retrieved
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3525:
3511:
3499:. Retrieved
3489:
3477:. Retrieved
3472:
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1952:
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1879:
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1843:
1837:October 2012
1834:
1819:Please help
1807:
1776:
1712:Japanese yen
906:
894:
889:
888:of the same
885:
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868:
839:
835:
834:
829:
821:
794:
791:
770:Kunrei-shiki
732:
573:
566:
559:
552:
512:
502:
489:and readings
469:
443:second round
416:
404:
396:
385:
377:
366:
339:
332:
249:Semi-cursive
190:
145:
120:
105:
99:October 2013
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3123:Nara Period
3091:YO, ama(ri)
2821:Similarly,
2818:("truth").
2517:– similarly
2358:portion of
2272:; demon) ,
2217:keisei moji
1710:'circle', '
327:Orthography
201:Oracle bone
58:"Shinjitai"
3634:Categories
3537:22 October
3501:22 October
3455:References
2952:jōyō kanji
2833:, such as
2599:jōyō kanji
2560:免 (勉, 晚→晩)
2237:, because
1969:typewriter
903:Background
561:man'yōgana
487:Homographs
340:xin zixing
333:jiu zixing
305:Components
259:Flat brush
69:newspapers
3554:常 用 漢 字 表
3029:shinjitai
3001:shinjitai
2845:"drunk";
1808:does not
1221:pedestal
943:Shinjitai
933:Kyuujitai
836:Shinjitai
830:shinjitai
822:shinjitai
795:Shinjitai
762:Shinjitai
733:Shinjitai
676:Shinjitai
229:Bird-worm
3571:12 March
3562:Archived
3424:See also
3324:benefit
3193:meaning
3033:kyūjitai
3009:kyūjitai
3005:kyūjitai
2985:Kyūjitai
1861:Hyōgaiji
1372:utsu(su)
1125:'study'
1117:mana(bu)
1064:ata(eru)
1011:kurogane
966:Meaning
960:Kun'yomi
909:post-war
841:kyūjitai
802:Japanese
776:Sinzitai
719:Kyūjitai
705:Katakana
691:Hiragana
614:Bopomofo
575:katakana
568:hiragana
528:Variants
471:kyūjitai
322:Radicals
272:Fangsong
239:Clerical
3479:12 June
2999:, some
2995:Due to
2260:ryakuji
2211:reading
2015:Unicode
1908:zelkova
1829:removed
1814:sources
1702:maru(i)
1649:aru(ku)
1529:return
1521:kae(ru)
1425:hiro(i)
1380:'copy'
1327:'gate'
1178:'body'
1072:'give'
1019:'iron'
951:On'yomi
921:ryakuji
882:reading
590:Khitan
432:Reforms
310:Strokes
254:Regular
244:Cursive
172:Chữ Hán
83:scholar
3417:round
3386:drive
3355:stack
3293:tight
3262:offer
3150:Hangul
3063:, but
2972:, and
2647:, and
2197:, but
1953:KEIREN
1904:keyaki
1582:tooth
1170:karada
1059:あた(える)
828:, but
504:Kanbun
455:debate
371:(1716)
206:Bronze
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3640:Kanji
3565:(PDF)
3558:(PDF)
3113:Untei
2573:卑 (碑)
2335:登 → 丁
2329:登 → 正
2323:燈 → 灯
2317:證 → 証
2134:半, 尊,
2099:shima
1927:拡張新字体
1888:ageru
1884:agaru
1697:まる(い)
1657:walk
1644:ある(く)
1516:かえ(る)
1420:ひろ(い)
1367:うつ(す)
1112:まな(ぶ)
999:tetsu
847:seiji
814:kanji
711:シンジタイ
697:しんじたい
609:Nüshu
599:small
594:large
419:kanji
369:forms
315:order
224:Small
219:Large
167:Hanja
162:Kanji
90:JSTOR
76:books
3573:2024
3539:2013
3503:2013
3481:2018
3231:sad
3099:and
2775:vs.
2675:and
2619:and
2350:The
2332:and
2320:and
2294:fuji
2243:and
2222:形声文字
2191:and
2149:and
2137:and
1974:The
1961:and
1935:The
1812:any
1810:cite
1716:adj.
1319:seki
1266:kuni
1254:koku
1105:gaku
1006:くろがね
886:onpu
869:onpu
554:Kana
417:Jōyō
277:Ming
214:Seal
62:news
3055:GEI
2875:to
2863:to
2839:to
2741:not
2547:錄→録
2541:綠→緑
2528:圈→圏
2522:卷→巻
2514:賓→賓
2509:").
2280:KEI
2167:SHŌ
2163:SEI
2076:晝→昼
2056:觀→観
1964:攣→挛
1958:經→経
1880:KYO
1867:表外字
1823:by
1714:';
1562:shi
1461:ジョウ
1360:sha
1307:kan
1211:dai
1165:からだ
1158:tai
807:新字体
739:新字体
725:新字體
514:Idu
282:Hei
45:by
3636::
3169:-
3163:-
3131:UN
3118:芸亭
3071:UN
2987:.
2966:,
2939:.
2909:→
2891:→
2779:籠手
2771:篭手
2691:𧶠
2666:,
2638:,
2610:,
2487:,
2304:KI
2292:,
2290:TŌ
2270:MA
2209:On
2171:ao
2169:,
2165:,
2097:,
2095:TŌ
1948:痙攣
1906:;
1886:,
1882:,
1769:n.
1763:ku
1751:ku
1708:n.
1690:en
1685:エン
1655:v.
1637:bu
1626:fu
1615:ho
1580:n.
1574:ha
1527:v.
1509:ki
1474:n.
1466:jō
1431:n.
1413:kō
1408:コウ
1378:v.
1355:シャ
1325:n.
1314:せき
1302:カン
1272:n.
1261:くに
1249:コク
1219:n.
1206:ダイ
1176:n.
1153:タイ
1123:n.
1100:ガク
1070:v.
1052:yo
1017:n.
994:テツ
917:,
914:略字
890:On
880:On
874:音符
854:正字
804::
3575:.
3541:.
3519:.
3505:.
3483:.
3412:円
3405:圆
3398:圓
3381:駆
3374:驱
3367:驅
3350:桟
3343:栈
3336:棧
3319:恵
3312:惠
3305:惠
3288:緊
3281:紧
3274:緊
3257:献
3250:献
3243:獻
3226:悲
3219:悲
3212:悲
3172:竜
3166:龙
3160:龍
3115:(
3108:芸
3102:余
3096:予
3089:(
3086:餘
3079:(
3076:豫
3066:芸
3060:芸
3053:(
3050:藝
2975:辯
2969:瓣
2963:辨
2957:弁
2936:艷
2930:艶
2924:䇳
2918:箋
2912:銭
2906:錢
2900:餌
2894:飲
2888:飮
2878:転
2872:轉
2866:伝
2860:傳
2854:云
2848:專
2842:酔
2836:醉
2830:卆
2824:卒
2814:実
2806:實
2798:慣
2790:貫
2763:篭
2755:籠
2747:襲
2734:滝
2724:瀧
2714:竜
2704:龍
2684:,
2680:牘
2670:犢
2662:贖
2652:読
2642:続
2634:売
2624:讀
2614:續
2606:賣
2585:田
2579:十
2566:儿
2553:彐
2544:(
2534:己
2525:(
2502:少
2496:頻
2493:→
2490:頻
2483:渉
2481:→
2479:涉
2475:(
2471:歩
2469:→
2467:步
2448:余
2446:→
2444:餘
2435:虫
2433:→
2431:蟲
2422:糸
2420:→
2418:絲
2409:県
2407:→
2405:縣
2396:缶
2394:→
2392:罐
2383:芸
2381:→
2379:藝
2370:応
2362:應
2354:倠
2302:(
2299:機
2288:(
2285:藤
2278:(
2275:慶
2268:(
2265:魔
2246:井
2240:韋
2234:囲
2228:圍
2219:(
2200:青
2194:蜻
2188:鯖
2182:青
2176:靑
2161:(
2158:青
2152:鮃
2146:絆
2140:平
2128:道
2122:逞
2116:島
2110:嶌
2104:嶋
2093:(
2090:島
2069:礻
2063:示
2048:図
2046:→
2044:圖
2010:第
2003:门
1996:門
1987:欅
1981:﨔
1951:(
1930:)
1924:(
1913:擧
1902:(
1899:欅
1893:挙
1878:(
1875:擧
1864:(
1850:)
1844:(
1839:)
1835:(
1831:.
1817:.
1783:庁
1781:→
1779:廳
1758:く
1746:ク
1738:区
1732:→
1726:區
1677:円
1671:→
1665:圓
1632:ブ
1621:フ
1610:ホ
1602:歩
1596:→
1590:步
1569:は
1557:シ
1549:歯
1543:→
1537:齒
1504:キ
1496:帰
1490:→
1484:歸
1453:状
1447:→
1441:狀
1400:広
1394:→
1388:廣
1347:写
1341:→
1335:寫
1294:関
1288:→
1282:關
1241:国
1235:→
1229:國
1198:台
1192:→
1186:臺
1145:体
1139:→
1133:體
1092:学
1086:→
1080:學
1047:ヨ
1039:与
1033:→
1027:與
986:鉄
980:→
974:鐵
938:→
871:(
851:(
800:(
662:e
655:t
648:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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