192:, he invited all of the peoples that were interested to destroy the remainder. The Sicambri responded to Caesar's call. They took large amounts of cattle, slaves and plunder. Caesar commented that "these men are born for war and raids". "No swamp or marsh will stop them". After the raid on the Eburones they moved on against the Romans. They destroyed some of Caesar's units, in revenge for his campaign against them, and when the remains of the legion withdrew into the city of
1882:
32:
389:
181:, who then proceeded to move south. When these two peoples were routed by Caesar, their cavalry escaped and found asylum back across the river with the Sicambri. Caesar then built a bridge across the river to punish the Sicambri. In 53 BC, Caesar confronted a raiding army of Sicambri who had crossed the Rhine to take advantage of the Roman war with the
20:
236:
and other peoples. Elsewhere Strabo mentions that the Rhine valley
Germans have been mainly displaced: "there are but few remaining, and some portion of them are Sicambri". He apparently understood their position on the Rhine to literally be on the coast. With the German wars still on-going, he
271:
now settled to their north. In 9 BC the
Sicambri battled the Romans in an alliance with the Cherusci and Suevi and lost. At least a part was forced to move to the south side of the lower Rhine, where they possibly merged into Romanized populations such as the
433:
These stories have obvious difficulties. Historians, including eyewitnesses like Caesar, have given us accounts that place the
Sicambri firmly at the delta of the Rhine, and archaeologists have confirmed ongoing settlement of peoples. Frankish historian
359:. At the crucial moment of Clovis's baptism, Remigius declared, "bend down your head, you proud Sicamber. Honour what you have burnt. Burn what you have honoured." It is likely that this recalled a link between the Sicambri and the Franks.
316:, a series of epigrams written to celebrate the games in the Colosseum under Titus or Domitian, noted the attendance of numerous peoples, including the Sicambri: "With locks twisted into a knot, are come the Sicambrians..."
335:
played an important role in the transmission of culture. One of the ritual customs of these poems is the use of archaic names for contemporary things. Romans were often called
Trojans, and
101:, which was a new name that possibly represented a new alliance of older tribes, possibly including the Sicambri. However, many Sicambri had been moved into the Roman empire by this time.
232:
near its mouth, in marshes and low thorny woods. It is opposite to these
Menapii that the Sicambri are situated". Strabo describes them as Germanic, and that beyond them are the
669:. Bd. 1, 4. Auflage, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1983 (Publications of the Central Institute for Ancient History and Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Bd. 4).
283:
In contrast to those
Sicambri who were moved west of the Rhine, the main part of the Sicambri "migrated deep into the country anticipating the Romans" according to
370:
376:
306:, Tacitus reports that the Sicambri could be mentioned as an historical example of a tribe who "had been formerly destroyed or transplanted into Gaul".
472:
606:
514:
503:
731:
Fredegar - The 4th book of the chronicle of
Fredegar with its continuations, translated by J. M. Wallace-Hadrill. Books on Demand, reprint 2005.
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were a part of the
Sicambri who managed to stay east of the Rhine after most had been moved from the area to join the Eburones and other
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If the
Sicambri were not Celtic speakers themselves, this could also indicate intense contacts with Celtic peoples across the Rhine in
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By the 3rd century, the region in which they and their neighbours had lived had become part of the territory of the
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In 16 BC their leader Melo, brother of
Baetorix, organised a raid and defeated a Roman army under the command of
1852:
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925:
785:
656:
1001:
713:
157:
529:
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Die Germanen – Geschichte und Kultur der germanischen Stämme in Mitteleuropa. Ein Handbuch in zwei Bänden
128:, many names of Sicambrian leaders end in typical Celtic suffixes like -rix (Baetorix, Deudorix, etc.).
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and Emperor Valentinian (the late 4th century AD), who renamed them Franks, they moved to the Rhine.
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In 26 AD some Sicambrian auxiliaries allied to Rome were involved in crushing an uprising of
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moved the Sicambri, presumably only a part of them, to the west bank of the Rhine, like the
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were called Sicambri. An example of this custom is remembered by the 6th-century historian
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who inhabit the coast north of the river. Matching the much earlier description of Caesar,
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zone where these two language families came into contact and were both influential.
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language, or something else, is not certain, because they lived in the so-called
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also has the Franks originate in Troy but lets them move straight to the Rhine.
244:, which sparked a reaction from the Roman Empire and helped start the series of
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describes them as being one of the most well-known Germanic tribes in his time.
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located the Sicambri next to the Menapii, “who dwell on both sides of the river
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248:. Later the Sicambri under Deudorix, son of Baetorix, joined the rebellion of
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The Sicambri appear in history around 55 BC, during the time of conquests of
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Die Schlacht im Teutoburger Wald. Arminius, Varus und das römische Germanien
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Roman Gaul and Germania east of the Rhine around 70 A. D.
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More examples of Franks being called Sicamber can be found in the
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561:"De ¹⁴C Chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre- en Protohistorie VI"
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The material culture of the Sicambri which was a variant of the
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651:] (in German). Vol. 30. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter.
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Ian Wood - The Merovingian Kingdoms. Pearson Education, 1994.
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and founded a city called Sicambria. After altercations the
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tribesmen. By the time of Rome's conflict with the British
207:
144:
132:
343:(II, 31), who states that the Merovingian Frankish leader
220:, at the most northern part of the Rhine and south of the
263:
show that the tribe was living to the south of the river
764:
559:
J. N. Lanting & J. van der Plicht (Dec 15, 2010).
252:
which subsequently annihilated the 3 Roman legions of
322:
27:
reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the 1st century.
259:In 12BC and 11 BC, the descriptions of the wars of
124:, and like their neighbours across the Rhine, the
383:
1898:
786:
817:origin primarily identified as speakers of
645:Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde
456:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
196:, the Sicambri went back across the Rhine.
793:
779:
347:, on the occasion of his baptism into the
634:
454:Heinrichs, Johannes (2005), "Sugambrer",
453:
649:Dictionary of Germanic antiquity studies
387:
216:located the Sicambri, together with the
30:
18:
1858:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
639:. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter;
169:a battle took place in the land of the
1899:
351:faith, was addressed as a Sicamber by
774:
800:
82:Whether or not the Sicambri spoke a
59:lived on the east bank of the river
765:Archaeological search for Sicambria
13:
483:
402:states that following the fall of
323:Sicambri as poetic name for Franks
75:, who described them as Germanic (
23:The approximate positions of some
14:
1933:
752:
719:Martial - Liber De Spectaculis, 3
716:, particularly Book 6, Chapter 35
287:. It has been suggested that the
1881:
1880:
396:An anonymous work of 727 called
161:that near the confluence of the
1863:Christianization of Scandinavia
628:
612:
599:
406:, 12,000 Trojans led by chiefs
1853:Christianization of the Franks
926:Continental Germanic mythology
759:Le mythe de l'origine troyenne
587:
552:
535:
520:
508:
496:
477:
462:
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384:Sicambri in Frankish mythology
71:. They were first reported by
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674:Die altgermanischen Ethnonyme
1907:Netherlands in the Roman era
714:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
635:Heinrichs, Johannes (2005).
158:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
7:
1868:Christianization of Iceland
735:
113:, which is associated with
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67:, near the border with the
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1938:
676:. Fassbaender, Wien 2008,
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1838:
1119:
1081:
871:
825:
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399:Liber Historiae Francorum
254:Publius Quinctilius Varus
188:When Caesar defeated the
151:and his expansion of the
16:Roman-era Germanic people
1106:North Germanic languages
1091:Germanic parent language
742:List of Germanic peoples
728:Ptolemy - The Geography
441:
418:(Don) river, settled in
1111:West Germanic languages
1101:East Germanic languages
1096:Proto-Germanic language
916:Proto-Germanic folklore
853:Romano-Germanic culture
173:with a large number of
155:. Caesar wrote in his
1912:Early Germanic peoples
691:. Beck, München 2008,
665:Bruno Krüger (Hrsg.),
393:
371:Life of King Sigismund
36:
28:
921:Anglo-Saxon mythology
811:Ethnolinguistic group
391:
380:and other old texts.
377:Life of King Dagobert
34:
22:
622:, epigram 3, line 9.
620:Liber de spectaculis
593:Tacitus, The Annals
549:). Also see Orosius.
314:Liber De Spectaculis
261:Nero Claudius Drusus
43:, also known as the
1848:Gothic Christianity
567:. 51/52. Barkhuis.
1231:Germani cisrhenani
939:Funerary practices
843:Pre-Roman Iron Age
819:Germanic languages
725:Strabo - Geography
687:Reinhard Wolters,
394:
392:Building Sicambria
355:, the officiating
293:Germani cisrhenani
37:
29:
1894:
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1066:Gothic and Vandal
858:Germanic Iron Age
833:Nordic Bronze Age
815:Northern European
697:978-3-406-57674-4
682:978-3-902575-07-4
605:Tacitus, Annals,
471:, Divus Augustus
365:Panegyrici Latini
63:, in what is now
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1840:Christianization
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641:Steuer, Heiko
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574:9789077922736
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515:book 7 chap 2
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504:book 7 chap 1
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246:Germanic Wars
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149:Julius Caesar
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73:Julius Caesar
70:
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58:
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50:
46:
42:
33:
26:
21:
1682:
1166:Anglo-Saxons
1156:Adrabaecampi
1139:Bucinobantes
881:Architecture
706:
705:
688:
673:
666:
648:
644:
629:Bibliography
619:
614:
601:
589:
578:. Retrieved
564:
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510:
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187:
156:
153:Roman Empire
142:
130:
119:
108:
96:
81:
76:
48:
44:
40:
38:
1606:Nahanarvali
1529:Hilleviones
1442:Frisiavones
1310:Cananefates
1300:Burgundians
1211:Banochaemae
1061:Anglo-Saxon
1012:Anglo-Saxon
978:Anglo-Saxon
961:Anglo-Saxon
944:Anglo-Saxon
761:(in French)
637:"Sugambrer"
527:Cassius Dio
424:Sea of Azov
329:Merovingian
267:, with the
69:Netherlands
57:Roman times
55:who during
49:Sicambrians
1922:Istvaeones
1901:Categories
1825:Vinoviloth
1613:Marcomanni
1596:Helveconae
1574:Heaðobards
1544:Istvaeones
1534:Ingaevones
1519:Hermunduri
1487:Ostrogoths
1477:Greuthungi
1355:Chattuarii
1181:Angrivarii
1176:Ampsivarii
1144:Lentienses
973:Literature
863:Viking Age
747:Cimmerians
658:3110183854
580:2015-04-25
333:panegyrics
202:says that
1820:Vidivarii
1815:Victohali
1805:Vangiones
1738:Thuringii
1643:Nuithones
1539:Irminones
1502:Visigoths
1492:Thervingi
1452:Gambrivii
1405:Dulgubnii
1400:Dauciones
1350:Chasuarii
1290:Brondings
1216:Bastarnae
1206:Baiuvarii
1186:Armalausi
1149:Raetovari
1083:Languages
1051:Symbology
911:Folklore
906:Festivals
618:Martial,
541:Florus,
490:Geography
469:Suetonius
422:near the
312:, in his
200:Suetonius
120:Like the
51:, were a
1886:Category
1793:Hasdingi
1778:Usipetes
1758:Tubantes
1743:Toxandri
1723:Tencteri
1698:Suarines
1683:Sicambri
1678:Semnones
1658:Reudigni
1628:Mattiaci
1618:Marsacii
1569:Lombards
1559:Lacringi
1554:Juthungi
1385:Corconti
1370:Cherusci
1345:Charudes
1325:Chaedini
1295:Bructeri
1280:Bateinoi
1251:Eburones
1246:Condrusi
1241:Caeroesi
1236:Atuatuci
1171:Ambrones
1134:Brisgavi
1129:Alemanni
1007:Paganism
896:Clothing
891:Calendar
838:Germania
736:See also
643:(eds.).
484:Strabo,
436:Fredegar
420:Pannonia
349:Catholic
345:Clovis I
300:Thracian
269:Usipetes
250:Arminius
204:Augustus
194:Atuatuca
190:Eburones
183:Eburones
179:Usipetes
175:Tencteri
126:Eburones
105:Language
84:Germanic
45:Sugambri
41:Sicambri
1810:Varisci
1798:Silingi
1788:Vandals
1763:Tulingi
1753:Triboci
1748:Treveri
1728:Teutons
1718:Taifals
1693:Sitones
1633:Nemetes
1591:Helisii
1564:Lemovii
1482:Gutones
1415:Firaesi
1410:Favonae
1390:Cugerni
1380:Cobandi
1335:Chamavi
1330:Chaemae
1320:Casuari
1315:Caritni
1285:Betasii
1256:Paemani
1191:Auiones
1056:Warfare
1034:Scripts
1002:Numbers
826:History
502:Strabo
412:Antenor
331:times,
310:Martial
304:Silures
278:Cugerni
171:Menapii
139:History
77:Germani
65:Germany
1830:Warini
1783:Vagoth
1768:Tungri
1733:Thelir
1713:Swedes
1708:Sunici
1673:Saxons
1668:Rugini
1601:Manimi
1586:Diduni
1524:Heruli
1462:Gepids
1447:Frisii
1425:Franks
1375:Cimbri
1365:Chauci
1360:Chatti
1273:Nervii
1268:Morini
1226:Belgae
1221:Batavi
1196:Avarpi
1161:Angles
1121:Groups
1071:Viking
1017:Gothic
995:Gothic
901:Family
695:
680:
655:
571:
545:(also
416:Tanais
337:Franks
285:Strabo
274:Tungri
226:Strabo
222:Frisii
122:Cimbri
99:Franks
88:Celtic
1703:Suebi
1688:Sciri
1663:Rugii
1653:Quadi
1638:Njars
1623:Marsi
1581:Lugii
1549:Jutes
1514:Harii
1509:Gutes
1467:Goths
1457:Geats
1395:Danes
1340:Chali
1261:Segni
1201:Baemi
1044:Runes
1029:Rings
1022:Norse
990:Names
983:Norse
966:Norse
949:Norse
647:[
607:12.39
543:II.30
442:Notes
428:Alans
408:Priam
289:Marsi
265:Lippe
234:Suevi
230:Rhine
167:Meuse
163:Rhine
61:Rhine
1773:Ubii
1420:Fosi
1305:Buri
693:ISBN
678:ISBN
653:ISBN
595:4.47
569:ISBN
547:here
532:.32.
410:and
404:Troy
208:Ubii
177:and
165:and
145:Gaul
133:Gaul
39:The
1648:Osi
956:Law
886:Art
813:of
486:"3"
276:or
147:by
86:or
47:or
1903::
563:.
530:54
488:,
473:21
374:,
368:,
295:.
280:.
256:.
210:.
185:.
135:.
117:.
933:)
794:e
787:t
780:v
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684:.
661:.
609:.
583:.
517:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
