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retreated into the São
Francisco Fort. Some 200 French fell prisoners into the hands of the Portuguese. The Portuguese, having no artillery, blockaded the French for four days. On the fifth day, when all was ready for the final assault to be carried out by escalating the fort, Silveira gave Messenger an ultimatum, under which he should surrender without conditions. Messenger then requested an hour of truce to take a decision. After the time given had ended, and still without a response, Silveira issued a final request, warning Messenger that if he did not surrender in five minutes, he would give orders to storm the fort. The French commander immediately surrendered without conditions. 25 officers, 23 civilians and surgeons, and about 1,300 soldiers were captured and escorted to Vila Real. The 114 Spanish left in Chaves as prisoners by Soult were restored to liberty.
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This wise and gentle proceeding was much blamed by some of his officers, especially those who had served under Junot. They desired that Chaves might be assaulted and the garrison put to the sword, for they were embued with a personal hatred of the
Portuguese and, being adverse to serve in the present
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Soult summoned Chaves's stronghold to surrender, but no answer was given. But soon, it was evident in the fort that defense was useless. Although fire from the artillery and muskets persisted since the French arrival, the defenders ultimately recognized that
Silveira's retreat was the most sensible
1374:. Then General Soult decided to go around the mountainous border of the Upper Minho and cross the drywall of Trás-os-Montes. His forces numbered around 23,000 men (among them 4,000 on horse) and 50 artillery pieces. Some of these troops were experienced since they had participated in the battles of
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valley and attacked the Chaves stronghold on 21 March. The small French garrison tried to resist, but the
Portuguese knew the town well and could penetrate the walls through the "Opening of the Butchershops." There was hand-to-hand combat in the streets, and the French, leaving almost 300 dead,
1394:, whose forces, numbering 2,800 regular troops, 2,500 militia, and only 50 cavalry, were concentrated around the stronghold of Chaves. The fortifications, which were in bad conditions, were protected by 50 pieces of artillery, but with only a few of them fit for service, they were commanded by
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one. Soult sent a second message calling for the surrender of the stronghold, and it was accepted on 12 March. Chaves surrendered, and the French troops marched into the town on 13 March. Soult, with so many prisoners on his hands, released the civilians of the militias and
1412:(3rd line). Silveira tried to change his mind, even calling a war council to discuss the problem, but he couldn't get a formal decision, especially since the French who arrived on the 10th of March were now preparing to attack the more northerly fort of
1450:. Soult, though, had decided to make his way south by way of the Barroso, due west instead of south. He left a small garrison of a few hundred men in Chaves under the command of Major Messenger, and the hospital he had transferred from
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in
Galicia, Spain. In the final phase of this retreat, Silveira could almost intercept the French troops near Montealegre. Some of his detachments even saw the rearguard crossing the border near the rugged mountains of Larouco.
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This decision caused great unrest among the militias and the population. Prudently, the brigadier led his forces south, avoiding any risk against the superior forces. Pressured by the people and the militias, Lieutenant
Colonel
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had come up to Chaves and let the opportunity to destroy the French slip away. Once the danger had passed, Beresford, under the insistence of
Silveira, called a court martial for Francisco Pizarro. This War Council occurred in
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Several months later, Soult received orders to invade
Portugal from the north and expel the British from Portuguese soil. The carrying out of order was, however, strongly impeded by the winter, which had made the
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and upset with the failure of the expedition of his forces, decided to come personally to the
Peninsula, in whose submission he would eventually invest 300,000 men. The British, who had disembarked in 1807 in
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disobeyed orders and accepted the command of the popular forces, preparing to resist the invading forces with 500 troops (1st line), 2,000 militia (2nd line) and 1,200
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in 1912, gave Chaves the deserved title of the Heroic City of Chaves (Cidade Heróica de Chaves), the name of many streets and avenues in Portugal.
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gave the town of Chaves an essential place in Portuguese history. It, together with the
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Historia da guerra civil e do estabelecimento do governo parlamentar em Portugal
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from 10 to 12 March 1809, and the subsequent siege and recapture of the fort by
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in 1809 and found the reckless lieutenant colonel innocent of the charges.
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The defense of the border of Trás-os-Montes was in the hands of brigadier
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Historia antiga e moderna da sempre leal e antiquissima villa de Amarante
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Monument to commemorate the recapture of Chaves by the Portuguese forces.
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and retreated farther south to a low pass between Vila Pouca and
1770:. Vol. II (New, in 6 volumes ed.). London: John Murray
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Meanwhile, the Portuguese forces had left their positions near
1318:. As soon as news came of the disembarkation of the British in
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History of the war in the Peninsula and in the south of France
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History of the war in the Peninsula and in the south of France
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History of the war in the Peninsula and in the south of France
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Portugal suffered three invasions by French forces during the
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This successful defeat of the French by the poorly equipped
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to retreat quickly to its starting point, the city of
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1310:, as all the country, had succumbed to the
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1828:. Vol. III. London: T. & W. Boone
1540:Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil
1382:. The border was crossed on 7 March 1809.
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1729:. Vol. II. London: T. & W. Boone
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
1807:. Vol. I. London: T. & W. Boone
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73:This article includes a list of general
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651:First invasion of Portugal 1807–1808
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16:1809 siege during the Peninsular War
1742:Soriano, Simão José da Luz (1834).
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1766:History of the Peninsular War
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1508:defeat of pro-Royalist forces
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591:War of the Pyrenees 1793-1795
1880:Sieges of the Peninsular War
1700:Esdaile, Charles J. (2003).
1298:French invasions (1807-1811)
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1322:, the rebellion broke out.
630:Mediterranean Campaign 1798
10:
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1875:Sieges involving Portugal
1820:Napier, William (1828c).
1799:Napier, William (1828a).
1762:Southey, Robert (1828b).
1721:Napier, William (1828b).
1330:, proclaimed liberation.
1306:. The northern region of
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1870:Sieges involving France
644:War of the Oranges 1801
608:Sant Llorenç de la Muga
94:more precise citations.
1479:Second Battle of Porto
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1320:Portuguese Estremadura
276:Commanders and leaders
1456:First Battle of Porto
1430:
1270:siege and capture of
385:Casualties and losses
1856:at Wikimedia Commons
1708:. Palgrave MacMillan
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234:French victory (1st)
215:41.74417°N 7.47194°W
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1525:John VI of Portugal
1520:History of Portugal
663:Padrões de Teixeira
419:12 cannons captured
396:50 cannons captured
211: /
184:21 to 25 March 1809
179:10 to 12 March 1809
1704:The Peninsular War
1396:Lieutenant Colonel
1392:Francisco Silveira
1348:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
1316:Jean-Andoche Junot
1272:Fort São Francisco
831:Arroyo dos Molinos
394:3,500 men captured
308:Francisco Silveira
220:41.74417; -7.47194
1890:March 1809 events
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1673:Soriano 1834
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1644:Esdaile 2003
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1632:Menezes 1814
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1620:Soriano 1834
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1584:Napier 1828b
1565:Napier 1828b
1501:
1477:. After the
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1463:Tâmega River
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150:Part of the
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36:Please help
33:
1364:Minho River
1314:regency of
871:Tordesillas
861:Majadahonda
841:3rd Badajoz
816:2nd Badajoz
806:1st Badajoz
784:2nd Almeida
734:1st Almeida
613:Villelongue
476:Villafranca
355:50 cannons
218: /
92:introducing
1864:Categories
1694:References
1422:ordenanças
1414:São Neutel
1409:ordenanças
1380:Austerlitz
1344:John Moore
1312:Napoleonic
1284:Portuguese
876:San Millan
769:Casal Novo
603:2nd Boulou
380:12 cannons
371:50 cannons
369:23,000 men
203:41°44′39″N
100:April 2023
75:references
39:improve it
1492:Beresford
1483:Wellesley
1448:Vila Real
1376:Friedland
856:Salamanca
729:River Côa
717:2nd Porto
702:1st Porto
516:2nd Porto
501:1st Porto
378:1,800 men
361:6,000 men
353:3,500 men
206:7°28′19″W
45:talk page
1514:See also
1473:and the
1452:Monterey
1368:Cerveira
1324:Bragança
1280:Portugal
977:Overseas
965:Toulouse
940:Bidassoa
916:Sorauren
901:Pyrenees
891:Pamplona
826:El Bodón
764:Condeixa
707:Amarante
569:Portugal
521:Santiago
486:Amarante
463:Portugal
415:300 dead
343:Strength
258:Portugal
189:Location
1487:Ourense
1372:Valença
1340:Galicia
1290:in the
1233:1807
1198:Sabugal
1182:Redinha
1150:Bussaco
1134:Almeida
1054:Vimeiro
970:Bayonne
945:Nivelle
921:Lizasso
881:Vitoria
846:Almaraz
811:Barrosa
779:Sabugal
759:Redinha
739:Bussaco
678:Vimeiro
623:Bascara
618:Capmany
571:in the
526:Sanpayo
88:improve
1832:19 May
1811:19 May
1753:19 May
1733:19 May
1712:19 May
1497:Lisbon
1444:Vidago
1356:Coruña
1328:Chaves
1276:Chaves
1268:French
1070:Chaves
1038:Roliça
1022:Lisbon
988:Guiana
960:Orthez
955:Garris
928:Buenza
886:Tolosa
866:Burgos
821:Usagre
754:Pombal
692:Chaves
673:Roliça
598:Toulon
496:Chaves
231:Result
77:, but
1774:6 May
1546:Notes
1475:Vouga
1471:Douro
1426:Junot
1335:Spain
1251:1810
1245:1809
1239:1808
1118:Porto
1102:Grijó
1086:Braga
712:Grijó
697:Braga
668:Évora
658:Olhão
637:Malta
506:Grijó
481:Braga
1834:2021
1813:2021
1776:2021
1755:2021
1735:2021
1714:2021
1378:and
1370:and
1352:Lugo
1262:The
1257:1811
950:Nive
906:Maya
575:and
511:Vigo
491:Lugo
173:Date
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