897:
Testimony to
Biblical Unitarianism, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 22–57, 1994. M. Hillar, "The Philosophical Legacy of the XVIth and XVIIth Century Socinians: Their Rationality." in the book "The Philosophy of Humanism and the Issues of Today," eds. M. Hillar and F. Prahl, pp. 117–126, American Humanist Association, Houston, 1995. Marian Hillar, “The Philosophical Legacy of the 16th and 17th Century Socinians: Their Rationality.” In The Proceedings of the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, Alan M. Olson, Executive Editor, Vol 4. Philosophies of religion, Art, and Creativity, Kevin Stoehr (ed.), (Charlottesville, Virginia: Philosophy Documentation Center, 1999) Marian Hillar, “The XVIth and XVIIth Century Socinians: Precursors of Freedom of Conscience, of Separation of Church and State, and of the Enlightenment.” In Essays in the Philosophy of Humanism, Vol. 9, pp. 35–60, 2001, eds. Robert D. Finch, Marian Hillar, American Humanist Association, Houston, TX 2001. Marian Hillar, “Laelius and Faustus Socinus Founders of Socinianism: Their Lives and Theology.” Part 1. Journal from the Radical Reformation. Testimony to Biblical Unitarianism, Vol. 10, No. 2. Winter 2002. pp. 18–38. Marian Hillar, “Laelius and Faustus Socinus Founders of Socinianism: Their Lives and Theology.” Part 2. Journal from the Radical Reformation. Testimony to Biblical Unitarianism, Vol. 10, No. 3. Spring 2002. pp. 11–24.
20:
719:
975:"Did not Christ die also, in order, properly speaking, to purchase our salvation, and literally to pay the debt of our sins? Although Christians at this time commonly so believe, yet this notion is false, erroneous, and exceedingly pernicious; since they conceive that Christ suffered an equivalent punishment for our sins, and by the price of his obedience exactly compensated our disobedience."
607:
and the obedient relation of the believer to the state became a distinct position of
Socinianism as it was formalized in the Racovian publications. Before F. Sozzini's arrival in Poland, there had been a wide range of positions from the total otherworldliness, common property, and withdrawal from the
1103:
Religious studies: Volume 17 Cambridge
University Press. Online Journals – 1981 "Our Socinian contemporaries, the Christadelphians, are singularly lacking in what the eighteenth century censured as enthusiasm; to a serious enquirer they will argue about their beliefs with endless patience, courtesy,
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Religion, secularization, and political thought: Thomas Hobbes to ... – Page 45 James E. Crimmins, Huron
College – 1989 "Socinianism denied the Trinity (nowhere mentioned in the Bible), and with it the pre-existence of Christ before the virgin birth. It denied original sin and predestination,
640:
of
Transylvania and England. Although the Polish Brethren never adopted the name "Unitarian" while in Poland, when they were disbanded in 1658, those who fled to Holland eventually embraced the term "Unitarian" (which they got from the Transylvanians), as they preferred not to be called Socinians.
1010:
Coleridge, philosophy and religion: Aids to reflection and the ... – Page 232 Douglas Hedley – 2000 "Socinian theology was severely critical of traditional dogmas. Faustus
Socinus accepted the Virgin Birth, physical resurrection of Christ, and the exaltation to the right hand of God, but the
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retroactively applied the term "Unitarian" to the Polish
Brethren. By 1676 there were at least three Socinian meeting houses in London, even if the Act of Toleration of 1689 saw Socinians and Catholics excluded from official recognition. Socinian ideas continued to have significant influence on
896:
M. Hillar: "Poland's
Contribution to the Reformation: Socinians/Polish Brethren and Their Ideas on the Religious Freedom," The Polish Review, Vol. XXXVIII, No.4, pp. 447–468, 1993. M. Hillar, "From the Polish Socinians to the American Constitution," in A Journal from the Radical Reformation. A
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G. C. Berkouwer – 1954 The Person of Christ – Page 22 "The full consequences of this criticism, it is true, were not accepted in all respects, for the
Socinians still believed that Christ was supernaturally begotten by way of the virgin birth, but the results of their criticism would
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better source needed : The faiths of the world James
Gardner – 1858 "Budny – He and his followers were not contented, like other Socinians, with denying the divinity of the Lord Jesus Christ, and affirming him to be a mere man, but they denied the inspiration of the Sacred
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The virtues – Page 62 Peter Thomas Geach – 1977 "The Socinians, or their modern successors like the Christadelphians, at least retain the traditional object of hope; the doctrine of going at death to another world in a spiritual body is an incoherent philosophical
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Page 223 "7 The distinction of Christadelphian teaching from a unitarian position is apparent, although it shares much common ground with a Socinian or Arian position, yet with some differences. Christadelphians do not deny the divinity of Jesus, ...
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Peter Thomas Geach, 1991 "were and are widely believed in the Midlands; since in his time Socinians were liable to be burned, ... but Socinianism lives on under the new label of Christadelphianism, which has its main ecclesia in Birmingham.
620:. The next generation of Polish Brethren stabilized between these two positions, carrying wooden swords to follow the letter of the law and allowing senior Socinians such as
651:
949:" was originally created mortal; that is, was so constituted that he was not only by nature capable of dying, but also, if left to himself, could not but die."
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2008. Quote: "Lelio Sozzini's Brevis explicatio in primum Johannis caput appeared in 1561, which marked the beginning of the Socinian phase among the Italian."
412:
anachronistically, using it to refer to ideas that embraced a much wider range than the narrowly defined position of the Racovian catechisms and library.
1422:
Van Vliet, Rietje (August 2019). Kuitert, Lisa (ed.). "'Wer Socinianische Bücher sucht, findet sie bey ihm am ehesten': Sebastiaan Petzold's Patrons".
1375:
Van De Waal, H. (January 1964). Kolfin, Elmer (ed.). "Rembrandt's Faust Etching a Socinian document and the iconography of the inspired scholar".
587:. However, the original Polish Socinians were believers in miracles and the virgin birth, although there were a few radicals, such as
308:. His influence continued after his death through the writings of his students published in Polish and Latin from the press of the
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later, developing his uncle's arguments. Many years after the death of his uncle in Switzerland, Fausto Sozzini consulted with the
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Socinianism And Arminianism: Antitrinitarians, Calvinists, And Cultural Exchange in Seventeenth-Century Europe
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The Socinians held that humans were created mortal in the beginning and would have died naturally whether
231:
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Nellen, Henk (January 2012). "Minimal Religion, Deism, and Socinianism: On Grotius's Motives for Writing
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orthodox Christological doctrine of two natures is rejected as contrary to sound reason (ratio sana)."
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and arguing that Jesus was the son of Joseph, for which he was excluded from the Racovian community.
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as early as 1600. Socinian theology continued in Transylvania, where Polish exiles such as
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659:, recognized as the statement of faith of the Unitarian Church of Transylvania by Emperor
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277:, but he was influential in reconciling several controversies among the Brethren: on
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862:"Chapter 28: The Rise of Unitarianism in the Magyar Reformed Synod in Transylvania"
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as a human being. This view had been put forward before by the 4th-century bishop
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belief. Sources in the 18th and 19th centuries frequently attributed the term
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but contains a number of other distinctive theological doctrines, such as the
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from the 1610s onward, as the Latin publications were circulated among early
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He moved to Poland, where he married the daughter of a leading member of the
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Reason and Religion in the English Revolution: The Challenge of Socinianism
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Reason and Religion in the English Revolution: The Challenge of Socinianism
691:, though these churches are not direct descendants of the Polish Brethren.
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was impossible and as such rejected the "hard" view of omniscience. Modern
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Unitarians in England throughout the entire period of their development.
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Modern Socinians (in Christological terms) include the small number of "
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Palladini, Fiammetta (January 2012). "The Image of Christ in Grotius's
732:
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474:
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195:
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for those doctrines seemed to deny moral responsibility and ... "
559:
happen). They believed that, if God knew every possible future, human
377:. These books circulated among English and French thinkers, including
361:(1668) in Amsterdam, along with the works of F. Sozzini, the Austrian
1424:
1203:
818:
560:
405:
270:
16:
Nontrinitarian Christian doctrine taught by Lelio and Fausto Sozzini
781:. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 93.
649:, taught in the Unitarian College (1726–1740), as evidenced in the
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The direct doctrinal descendants of the original Socinians are the
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300:, published posthumously, which set out his uncle Lelio's views on
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denial of divine foreknowledge regarding the actions of free agents
107:
35:
1225:
1188:
1159:"The Socinian Migration and the Founding of American Unitarianism"
1149:
840:
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285:. Fausto persuaded many in the Polish Brethren who were formerly
916:
A History of Unitarianism: In Transylvania, England, and America
1433:
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436:
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133:
121:
87:
27:
1519:"Center for Socinian, Philosophical & Religious Studies"
404:, Socinianism later became a catch-all term for any kind of
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was the first of the Italian anti-trinitarians to go beyond
1518:
782:
625:
603:
Although not directly a doctrinal belief, the principle of
457:
The Racovian publications, like the Sozzinis, rejected the
155:
during the same period. Socinianism is most famous for its
75:
72:
57:
1239:. Brill's Studies in Intellectual History. Vol. 134.
1120:"English Socinianism: Antecedent to American Unitarianism"
912:"The Unitarian Church under Calvinist Princes: 1604-1691"
652:
Summa Universae Theologiae Christianae secundum Unitarios
226:(1562). Lelio Sozzini considered that the "beginning" of
151:
between the 16th and 17th centuries, and embraced by the
81:
66:
583:(1823–86) asserted that Socinian theology was rooted in
991:(English trans. Thomas Rees, London 1818), pp. 332–346.
979:(English trans. Thomas Rees, London 1818), pp. 303–304.
1202:. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History.
817:. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History.
186:
The beliefs of Socinianism date from the wing of the
84:
78:
69:
63:
54:
1163:
Joseph Priestley and English Unitarianism in America
1124:
Joseph Priestley and English Unitarianism in America
714:
273:
Reformed Church in Poland. Sozzini never joined the
938:
The writings of John Calvin: an introductory guide,
811:"The Socinian Challenge to Protestant Christianity"
296:Fausto Sozzini furthered his influence through his
171:
60:
1378:Oud Holland – Journal for Art of the Low Countries
966:(English trans. Thomas Rees, London 1818), p. 326.
358:Biblioteca Fratrum Polonorum quos Unitarios vocant
953:(English trans. Thomas Rees, London 1818), p. 20.
534:
1527:
852:
850:
804:
802:
800:
616:through to the advocacy of military service by
347:. In the late 1660s, Fausto Sozzini's grandson
250:, attempting to mediate in the dispute between
847:
797:
1374:
1281:: Some Thoughts on Grotius's Socinianism".
1232:
515:or not. They also rejected the doctrine of
198:of the 1540s, such as the anti-trinitarian
1233:Mulsow, Martin; Rohls, John, eds. (2005).
766:
764:
762:
760:
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663:in 1782. Early English Unitarians such as
598:
216:Brevis explicatio in primum Johannis caput
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1276:
703:held a variant of unitarianism including
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551:happen) and did not apply to what was a
420:Socinian theology, as summarised in the
176:rejection of the pre-existence of Christ
18:
755:
304:and replaced earlier catechisms of the
238:, not the Genesis creation. His nephew
1528:
1325:
1156:
1117:
906:
503:Tree of the knowledge of good and evil
473:, but it conflicts with the mainline
218:– a commentary on the meaning of the
1491:
293:, to adopt his uncle Lelio's views.
265:, the anti-trinitarian minority, or
102:developed and co-founded during the
1171:Pennsylvania State University Press
1132:Pennsylvania State University Press
705:denial of the virgin birth of Jesus
194:and have their root in the Italian
140:), uncle and nephew, respectively.
13:
1279:De Veritate Religionis Christianae
1270:
1040:Brook P. "Conscientious objection"
694:
539:The Socinians believed that God's
281:, on prayer to Christ, and on the
14:
1567:
1485:
269:. In 1565, it had split from the
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685:Church of God General Conference
643:Unitarian Church of Transylvania
248:Unitarian Church in Transylvania
175:
157:Nontrinitarian Christian beliefs
153:Unitarian Church of Transylvania
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1111:
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699:At the time of Fausto Sozzini,
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969:
956:
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930:
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657:Mihály Lombard de Szentábrahám
641:The term had been used by the
535:Predestination and omniscience
529:propitiatory view of atonement
527:Socinianism also rejected the
446:
1:
1167:University Park, Pennsylvania
1128:University Park, Pennsylvania
870:University Park, Pennsylvania
748:
574:
571:advance a similar viewpoint.
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522:
7:
874:Penn State University Press
710:
485:views, which hold that the
465:did not exist until he was
431:on God's knowledge, on the
143:It was developed among the
10:
1572:
1208:Cambridge University Press
1081:, philosophical encounters
823:Cambridge University Press
773:"SOZZINI (Socini), Fausto"
689:Church of the Blessed Hope
547:in the future (what would
543:was limited to what was a
500:
453:Incarnation (Christianity)
450:
415:
363:Johann Ludwig von Wolzogen
355:published the nine-volume
323:started to be used in the
181:
1506:: Robert Appleton Company
1446:10.1163/15700690-12341434
1352:10.1163/18760759-03300006
1303:10.1163/18760759-03300003
1051:A History of Unitarianism
858:Williams, George Huntston
581:Archibald Alexander Hodge
242:published his own longer
1196:Mortimer, Sarah (2010).
924:Harvard University Press
920:Cambridge, Massachusetts
809:Mortimer, Sarah (2010).
771:Biagioni, Mario (2018).
424:, rejected the views of
97:Nontrinitarian Christian
41:namesake of Socinianism.
1399:10.1163/187501764X00029
866:The Radical Reformation
679:" churches such as the
605:conscientious objection
599:Conscientious objection
459:pre-existence of Christ
433:doctrine of the Trinity
279:conscientious objection
212:pre-existence of Christ
1556:Nature of Jesus Christ
1541:Heresy in Christianity
1157:Bowers, J. D. (2007).
1118:Bowers, J. D. (2007).
989:The Racovian Catechism
977:The Racovian Catechism
964:The Racovian Catechism
951:The Racovian Catechism
876:. pp. 1099–1133.
579:Later writers such as
210:in print and deny the
188:Protestant Reformation
149:Polish Reformed Church
104:Protestant Reformation
42:
1536:Christian terminology
1499:Catholic Encyclopedia
778:Enciclopedia Treccani
647:Andrzej Wiszowaty Jr.
622:Hieronim Moskorzowski
501:Further information:
451:Further information:
168:human nature of Jesus
111:Renaissance humanists
22:
1053:, vol. 2, pp. 47–48.
638:Unitarian Christians
595:, who denied these.
435:and the divinity of
343:, and early English
314:Raków, Kielce County
234:and referred to the
1492:Hugh, Pope (1912).
1104:and ingenuity, ..."
1049:Earl Morse Wilbur,
926:. pp. 121–122.
725:Christianity portal
593:Jacobus Palaeologus
513:eaten from the tree
489:referred to in the
351:and great-grandson
196:Anabaptist movement
192:Radical Reformation
1173:. pp. 43–76.
1134:. pp. 15–42.
936:Wulfert De Greef,
908:Wilbur, Earl Morse
825:. pp. 13–38.
677:Biblical Unitarian
429:Christian theology
422:Racovian Catechism
375:Samuel Przypkowski
353:Benedykt Wiszowaty
329:Kingdom of England
298:Racovian Catechism
43:
34:; 1539–1604), the
1546:Polish Unitarians
1254:978-90-04-14715-7
1217:978-0-521-51704-1
1180:978-0-271-02950-4
1141:978-0-271-02950-4
1064:Sects and Society
883:978-0-943549-83-5
832:978-0-521-51704-1
738:Nontrinitarianism
371:Jonasz Szlichtyng
367:Johannes Crellius
349:Andreas Wiszowaty
252:Giorgio Biandrata
244:Brevis explicatio
200:Council of Venice
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1502:. Vol. 14.
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1438:Brill Publishers
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681:Christadelphians
610:Marcin Czechowic
565:process theology
553:contingent truth
479:Eastern Orthodox
365:, and the Poles
310:Racovian Academy
291:Marcin Czechowic
230:was the same as
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126:Laelius Socinus
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