674:
defile the marriage bed of others, but also those who were men lusted after one another, doing unseemly things, and not regarding or respecting their common nature, and though eager for children, they were convicted by having only an abortive offspring; but the conviction produced no advantage, since they were overcome by violent desire; and so by degrees, the men became accustomed to be treated like women, and in this way engendered among themselves the disease of females, and intolerable evil; for they not only, as to effeminacy and delicacy, became like women in their persons, but they also made their souls most ignoble, corrupting in this way the whole race of men, as far as depended on them.
1137:). Benedictus Levita's rationale was that the punishment of such acts was to protect all Christendom from divine punishments, such as natural disasters for carnal sins committed by individuals, but also for heresy, superstition, and paganism. Because his crucial demands for capital punishment had been so unheard of in ecclesiastical history previously, based upon the humane Christian concept of forgiveness and mercy, it took several centuries before Benedictus Levita's demands for legal reform began to take tangible shape within larger ecclesiastical initiatives.
866:
practices" "Now when the
Sodomites saw the young men to be of beautiful countenances, and this to an extraordinary degree, and that they took up their lodgings with Lot, they resolved themselves to enjoy these beautiful boys by force and violence; and when Lot exhorted them to sobriety, and not to offer any thing immodest to the strangers, but to have regard to their lodging in his house; and promised that if their inclinations could not be governed, he would expose his daughters to their lust, instead of these strangers; neither thus were they made ashamed." (
1098:
1364:
472:
1674:(Islamic law) defines sodomy outside marriage as adultery or fornication or both, and it thus attracts the same penalties as those crimes (flogging or death), although the exact punishment varies with schools and scholars. In practice, few modern Muslim countries have legal systems based fully on Shariah, and an increasing number of Muslims do not look to shariah but to the Quran itself for moral guidance. For sodomy within marriage, the majority of
1261:
1208:
884:
4673:
981:
22:
601:) "Behold, this was the guilt of your sister Sodom: she and her daughters had arrogance, abundant food and careless ease, but she did not help the poor and needy. Thus they were haughty and committed abominations before Me. (vss. 49–50, NASB) (The Hebrew for the word "thus" is the conjunction "ו" which is usually translated "and", therefore KJV, NIV, and CEV omit the word entirely.)
3432:– even when women resist sexual advances they are using it merely as a seductive device. On the other hand, patriarchal beliefs also dictate that women, in contrast to men, are naturally submissive and have little interest in sex, so men have a 'natural' right to sexual intercourse whether women want it or not.
3428:. Patriarchal attitudes relating to sexual behaviour are mixed and inconsistent. They include, on one hand, the idea that as part of their natural inferiority, women are less in control of their sex drives and are therefore essentially lustful, with a constant craving for sex. This belief leads to the
1286:
in London shows that the treatment of rape was often lenient, while the treatment of sodomy was often severe. However, the difficulty of proving that penetration and ejaculation had occurred meant that men were often convicted of the lesser charge of "assault with sodomitical intent", which was not a
1059:; novels no. 77 (dating 538) and no. 141 (dating 559) declared that Sodom's sin had been specifically same-sex activities and desire for them. He also linked "famines, earthquakes, and pestilences" upon cities as being due to "such crimes," during a time of recent earthquakes and other disasters (see
836:
and the surrounding cities, which likewise indulged in sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desire, serve as an example by undergoing a punishment of eternal fire" (v. 7, English
Standard Version). The phrase rendered "sexual immorality and unnatural desire" is translated "strange flesh" or "false
380:
While religion and the law have had a fundamental role in the historical definition and punishment of sodomy, sodomitical texts present considerable opportunities for ambiguity and interpretation. Sodomy is both a real occurrence and an imagined category. In the course of the eighteenth century, what
1595:
in the Hebrew Bible. Biblical scholars disagree on what "know" in this instance refers to, but most of conservative
Christianity interprets it to mean "sexual intercourse", while the opposing position interprets it to mean "interrogate". Lot's offering of his two virgins has been interpreted to mean
388:
an adequate and imaginative reading involves a series of intertextual interventions in which histories become stories, fabrications and reconstructions in lively debate with, and around, 'dominant' heterosexualities ... Deconstructing what we think we see may well involve reconstructing ourselves in
167:
to take refuge with his family for the night. The men of Sodom surround Lot's house and demand that he bring out the strangers so that they may "know" them (a euphemism for sexual intercourse). Lot protests that the messengers are his guests and offers the
Sodomites his virgin daughters instead, but
705:
I will therefore put you in remembrance, though ye once knew this, how that the Lord, having saved the people out of the land of Egypt, afterward destroyed them that believed not. And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains
2962:
a death sentence was being recorded, not carried out, so a prisoner could instead have been pardoned and freed ... the case of Thomas Silver, a 14-year-old she believed was sentenced to death for a homosexual act. Wolf said in the interview that she found several dozen similar 'executions'. A
1374:
As of
February 2024, 66 countries as well as three sub-national jurisdictions have laws criminalizing homosexuality. In 2006 that number was 92. Among these 66 countries, 44 of them criminalize not only male homosexuality but also female homosexuality. In 11 of them, homosexuality is punished with
1299:
and the police lieutenant d'Argenson, as well as other sources, show that many who were arrested were exiled, sent to a regiment, or imprisoned in places (generally the hospital) associated with moral crimes (such as prostitution). Of these, a number were involved in prostitution or had approached
865:
narrative: "About this time the
Sodomites grew proud, on account of their riches and great wealth; they became unjust towards men, and impious towards God, in so much that they did not call to mind the advantages they received from him: they hated strangers, and abused themselves with Sodomitical
840:
One theory is that it is just a reference to the "strange flesh" of the intended rape victims, who were angels, not men. Countering this is traditional interpretation, which notes that the angels were sent to investigate an ongoing regional problem (Gn. 18) of fornication, and extraordinarily so,
673:
As men, being unable to bear discreetly a satiety of these things, get restive like cattle, and become stiff-necked, and discard the laws of nature, pursuing a great and intemperate indulgence of gluttony, and drinking, and unlawful connections; for not only did they go mad after other women, and
1689:
and the strong emphasis on virility leads some adolescents and unmarried young men to seek alternative sexual outlets to women, especially with males younger than themselves. Not all sodomy is homosexual – for some young men, heterosexual sodomy is considered better than vaginal
3344:
Many religions are based on teachings of peace, love, and tolerance, and thus, at least based on those specific teachings, these religions promote intergroup pro-sociality. However, evidence from studies of religion and social attitudes have paradoxically revealed that religion is typically a
1467:
Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, fullness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters, neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy. And they were haughty, and committed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw
1611:
denoting sex is in
Genesis (including once for premarital sex: Genesis 38:26), and in verse 8, sex is the obvious meaning. Its use in the parallel story in Judges 19 is also invoked in support of this meaning, with it otherwise providing the only instance of "knowing" someone by violence.
1497:, wrote: "According to our sages, they were notorious for every evil, but their fate was sealed for their persistence in not supporting the poor and the needy." His contemporary, Rabbenu Yonah, expresses the same view: "Scripture attributes their annihilation to their failure to practice
1641:
clearly disapproves of the sexual practices of the "people of Lot" ("What, of all creatures do ye come unto the males, and leave the wives your Lord created for you?"), only one passage has occasionally been interpreted as taking a particular legal position towards such activities:
1308:, even then a known "cruising area". But, as with much sexual behaviour under the Old Regime, discretion was a key concern on all sides (especially since members of prominent families were sometimes implicated); the law seemed most concerned with those who were the least discreet.
1303:
Periodicals of the time sometimes casually named known sodomites, and at one point, even suggested that sodomy was increasingly popular. This does not imply that sodomites necessarily lived in security – specific police agents, for instance, watched the
1300:
children, or otherwise gone beyond merely having homosexual relations. Ravaisson (a 19th-century writer who edited the
Bastille records) suggested that the authorities preferred to handle these cases discreetly, lest public punishments in effect publicize "this vice".
1063:). While adhering to the death penalty by beheading as punishment for homosexuality or adultery, Justinian's legal novels heralded a change in Roman legal paradigm in that he introduced a concept of not only secular but also divine punishment for homosexual behavior.
706:
under darkness unto the judgment of the great day. Even as Sodom and
Gomorrha, and the cities about them in like manner, giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh, are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire.
1120:(so for instance, even solitary masturbation and anal intercourse between a male and a female were covered), while among these, he still emphasized all interpersonal acts not taking place between human men and women, especially homosexuality.
1651:
opens some way for them (15). And as for the two who are guilty of indecency from among you, give them both a punishment; then if they repent and amend, turn aside from them; surely Allah is oft-returning (to mercy), the
Merciful.
2963:
newspaper report from the time, which Sweet presented to Wolf during the interview, shows that Silver was actually shown mercy because of his age ... the 14-year-old was in fact convicted of sexually assaulting a young child.
507:'s male guests. Some suggest the sinfulness for which Sodom was destroyed might have consisted mainly in the violation of obligations of hospitality, which were important for the original writers of the Biblical account. In
1564:
for the inhabitants of the land, who were before you, committed all of these abominations, and the land became defiled; otherwise the land will vomit you out for defiling it, as it vomited out the nation that was before
1646:
And as for those who are guilty of an indecency from among your women, call to witnesses against them four (witnesses) from among you; then if they bear witness confine them to the houses until death takes them away or
1294:
In 18th century France, sodomy was still theoretically a capital crime, and there are a handful of cases where sodomites were executed. However, in several of these, other crimes were involved as well. Records from the
3345:
predictor of intergroup anti-sociality, or in other words religion tends to predict most forms of prejudice. When conceptualizing religion in terms of self-reported categorical religious affiliation (i.e., Christian,
643:
And punishments came upon the sinners not without former signs by the force of thunders: for they suffered justly according to their own wickedness, insomuch as they used a more hard and hateful behavior toward
3349:, Jewish, etc.), religiously affiliated individuals tend to report more negative attitudes against a variety of social outgroups than individuals who are not religiously affiliated. ... In addition, most
1596:
that Lot is offering a compromise to assure the crowd that the two men have no untoward intentions in town, or that he is offering his virgins as a substitute for the men to "know" by sexual intercourse.
631:"; male shrine prostitutes may have served barren women in fertility rites rather than engaging in homosexual acts; this also applies to other instances of the word sodomite in the King James Version.
1152:
were not only persecuted for their heterodox beliefs, but were increasingly accused of fornication and sodomy. In 1307, accusations of sodomy and homosexuality were major charges levelled during the
120:
in many countries criminalized the behavior. In the Western world, many of these laws have been overturned or are routinely not enforced. A person who practices sodomy is sometimes referred to as a
1348:
Laws criminalizing sodomy rarely spell out precise sexual acts, but are typically understood by courts to include any sexual act deemed to be unnatural or immoral. Sodomy typically includes
168:
then they threaten to "do worse" with Lot than they would with his guests. Then the angels strike the Sodomites blind, "so that they wearied themselves to find the door". (Genesis 19:4–11,
1660:
scholar, Abu Muslim al-Isfahani, interpreted them as referring to homosexual relations. This view was widely rejected by medieval scholars, but has found some acceptance in modern times.
597:. "Yet you have not merely walked in their ways or done according to their abominations; but, as if that were too little, you acted more corruptly in all your conduct than they." (v. 47,
495:
was a city destroyed by God because of the evil of its inhabitants. No specific sin is given as the reason for God's great wrath. The story of Sodom's destruction – and of
638:, which is included in the Biblical canon by Orthodox and Catholics, makes reference to the story of Sodom, further emphasizing that their sin had been failing to practice hospitality:
372:
in Arabic) and a more literal interpretation of the word is "the practice of Lot", but more accurately it means "the practice of Lot's people" (the Sodomites) rather than Lot himself.
3650:
870:
1.11.1,3 – c. 96CE). His assessment goes beyond the Biblical data, though it is seen by conservatives as defining what manner of fornication (Jude 1:7) Sodom was given to.
208:
and is considered mildly offensive. (The word 'sod' also has a meaning of "(clump of) earth" with an unrelated etymology, in which sense it is rare but not offensive.)
4208:
1442:
sexual intercourse (all of which have been labeled as "sodomy" at various times), believing and teaching that such behaviors are forbidden because they are considered
4286:
1573:" refers to sexual misconduct, and that while homosexual acts were not the only reason Sodom and Gomorrah were condemned, it was a significant part of the picture.
1123:
Benedictus Levita prescribed capital punishment for sodomy. Burning had been part of the standard penalty for homosexual behavior, particularly common in Germanic
1670:'s sayings and deeds from those close to him in his lifetime) on the subject are inconsistent, with different writers interpreting the Prophet in different ways.
615:
as: "There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel," but the word corresponding to "sodomite" in the Hebrew original,
1489:
Classical Jewish texts are seen by many as not stressing the homosexual aspect of the attitude of the inhabitants of Sodom as much as their cruelty and lack of
184:
were seen frequently in past Jewish, Christian, and Islamic civilizations, but the term has little modern usage outside Africa, Asia, and the United States.
905:
898:
269:
is commonly associated with consent and pleasure with regard to all involved parties and often avoids directly mentioning two common aspects of social
360:), is derived from the same source as in Western culture, with much the same connotations as English (referring to most sexual acts prohibited by the
4066:
3849:
3676:
1628:
by copulation with an undue sex, male with male, or female with female, as the Apostle states (Romans 1:27): and this is called the "vice of sodomy".
647:
For the Sodomites did not receive those, whom they knew not when they came: but these brought friends into bondage, that had well deserved of them. (
1580:, claim that this passage contradicts the traditional interpretation altogether. In their view, the sins of Sodom were related more to violation of
3232:
2741:"The Twelve Patriarchs, Excerpts and Epistles, The Clementia, Apocrypha, Decretals, Memoirs of Edessa and Syriac Documents, Remains of the First"
2711:"The Twelve Patriarchs, Excerpts and Epistles, The Clementia, Apocrypha, Decretals, Memoirs of Edessa and Syriac Documents, Remains of the First"
1127:(as according to Germanic folklore, sexual deviance and especially same-sex desire were caused by a form of malevolence or spiritual evil called
992:
187:
These laws in the United States have been challenged and have sometimes been found unconstitutional or been replaced with different legislation.
4637:
1577:
1527:
And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them.
515:, a city of the Benjamin tribe, is destroyed by the other tribes of Israel in revenge for a mob of its inhabitants raping and killing a woman.
457:
gives the only meaning of the word "bugger" as a sodomite "from the adherence of the Bulgarians to the Eastern Church considered heretical".
4249:
2426:
in legal contexts now typically refers to rape involving anal penetration (especially of minors). Sodomy is the more usual term in U.S. use.
261:), are used exclusively for penetrative anal sex, at least since the early 19th century. In those languages, the term is also often current
1599:
Those who oppose the interpretation of sexual intent toward Lot's guests point out that there are over 930 occurrences of the Hebrew word (
1315:; some 250 men were summoned before the authorities; 91 faced decrees of exile for not appearing. At least 60 men were sentenced to death.
3627:
3357:) contain dogmas in which their respective deity create mankind with individuals who are perfectly entrenched in the gender binary (e.g.,
2881:
2620:
449:
quotes a similar form: "bowgard" (and "bouguer"), but claims that the Bulgarians were heretics "as belonging to the Greek Church, sp.
4586:
1360:. In practice, sodomy laws have rarely been enforced against heterosexual couples, and have mostly been used to target homosexuals.
4684:
4074:
2223:
2519:
1556:
The traditional interpretation sees the primary sin of Sodom as being homosexual intercourse, connecting the Sodom narrative with
571:
2.9. Deuteronomy 32, Jeremiah 23.14, and Lamentations 4 reference the sinfulness of Sodom, but do not specify any particular sin.
503:
18–19. The connection between Sodom and homosexuality is derived from the described attempt by a mob of the city's people to rape
3270:
2801:
2718:
2271:
2922:
793:
381:
is identifiable as sodomy often becomes identified with effeminacy, for example, or in opposition to a discourse of manliness.
4713:
2748:
832:
in the New Testament echoes the Genesis narrative and potentially adds the sexually immoral aspects of Sodom's sins: "just as
4696:
4647:
4598:
4427:
4022:
3898:
3783:
3726:
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3402:
3172:
3134:
3003:
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2484:
2458:
2387:
2283:
2089:
2010:
1971:
1912:
1874:
1805:
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Most exegetes hold that these verses refer to illicit heterosexual relationships, although a minority view attributed to the
1060:
4200:
2770:
2599:
2161:
1287:
capital offence. Sodomy crimes in England could mean "sexually assaulting a young child", and could result in a sentence of
200:. It is a general-purpose insult term for anyone the speaker dislikes without specific reference to their sexual behaviour.
4278:
2789:
trans. in Derrick Sherwin Bailey, Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition, (London: Longmans, Green, 1955), 73–74
2245:
1327:
612:
3238:(13th ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. Archived from
1016:
Homosexual intercourse between males was possibly denounced in pre-6th century Jewish and Christian writings, such as the
463:
is still commonly used in modern British English as an exclamation, while "buggery" is synonymous with the act of sodomy.
4494:
1569:
Some scholars, such as Per-Axel Sverker, align this passage with the traditional interpretation, claiming that the word "
445:
in 1330 where it is associated with "abominable heresy"; though the sexual sense of "bugger" is not recorded until 1555.
3082:
1822:
1603:) for "know" in the Hebrew Bible, and its use to denote sexual intercourse only occurs about a dozen times, and in the
604:
There is no explicit mention of any sexual sin in Ezekiel's summation and "abomination" is used to describe many sins.
265:(not just legal, unlike in other cultures) and a formal way of referring to any practice of anal penetration; the word
4389:
3824:
3026:
2124:
841:
that of a homosexual nature, "out of the order of nature". "Strange" is understood to mean "outside the moral law", (
797:
3266:"A systematic review of the relationship between religion and attitudes toward transgender and gender-variant people"
3096:
3065:
2949:
2048:
1836:
1560:, which lists various sexual crimes, which, according to verses 27 and 28, would result in the land being "defiled":
1519:. The idea that homosexual intercourse was involved as at least a part of the evil of Sodom arises from the story in
1247:
967:
948:
846:
583:
4178:
723:
The Greek word in the New Testament from which the phrase is translated "giving themselves over to fornication", is
1477:
920:
758:
1532:
817:
4746:
4658:
849:) while it is doubted that either Lot or the men of Sodom understood that the strangers were angels at the time.
813:
801:
777:
648:
169:
3361:), and thus religions might be instilling cisgender normativity into individuals who ascribe to their doctrines.
3216:
Since the laws had rarely been enforced against heterosexuals, there was no sense of urgency about their repeal.
2919:
2137:
Since the laws had rarely been enforced against heterosexuals, there was no sense of urgency about their repeal.
3522:
1714:
1229:
1087:("No. 143: On sinful vices due to which empires have crumbled, so that we shall do our best to beware of them")
842:
3451:
Mbuwayesango, Dora R. (2016) . "Part III: The Bible and Bodies – Sex and Sexuality in Biblical Narrative". In
927:
754:, a common word for "flesh", and usually refers to the physical body or the nature of man or of an ordinance.
2179:
762:
712:
608:
1682:(forbidden) provided the wife agrees; and (2) if the wife does not agree, then it is preferable to refrain.
789:
2335:
2040:
1686:
1153:
805:
770:
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2839:. Critical Issues in World and International History. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 269.
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2193:
934:
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1319:
3520:(June 2003). Carey, Lindsay B. (ed.). "Religion and Sexuality: The Perversion of a Natural Marriage".
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25:
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809:
624:
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1431:
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protesting against homophobia, with a banner reading "Sodomize", on 11 October 2009 in Washington DC
101:
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laws than sexual sins. This also coincides with traditional Jewish interpretations of these texts.
1411:
916:
701:
provides a certain class of sin as causative of its destruction, the meaning of which is disputed.
2945:"An Author Learned of a Mortifying Research Mistake Live on the Radio. Here's How Twitter Reacted"
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In the Christian expansion of the prophets, they further linked Sodom to the sins of impenitence (
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4001:
3577:
Gnuse, Robert K. (May 2015). "Seven Gay Texts: Biblical Passages Used to Condemn Homosexuality".
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2369:
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in which The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6–3 that sodomy laws are unconstitutional on June 26, 2003"
1225:
1218:
894:
499:'s failed attempt to intercede with God and prevent that destruction – appears in
205:
1690:
penetration, and female prostitutes report demand for anal penetration from their male clients.
1503:." Prohibitions on same-sex activities among men (#157) and bestiality (#155–156) are among the
1046:
texts. The first attested applications of the word "sodomy" to male homosexual intercourse were
4736:
4087:
3703:"Coming Apart at the Seams: Cross-dressing, Masculinity, and the Social Body in Late Antiquity"
3635:
2866:
1996:
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1455:
431:
4678:. Yoesuf Foundation Conference on Islam in the West and Homosexuality – Strategies for Action.
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3374:
3120:
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2448:
2075:
1860:
4554:
4415:
3996:
3767:
3702:
3158:
1954:. Routledge Library Editions: History of Sexuality (1st ed.). New York City and London:
1947:
1898:
1781:
1415:
1018:
504:
479:
89:
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with a right to leadership in family and public life. Such beliefs derive particularly from
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2499:
2081:
1141:
1055:
1031:
557:
526:, writers use God's destruction of Sodom to demonstrate His awesome power. This happens in
328:
137:
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Sex, Death and Punishment: Attitudes to sex and sexuality in Britain since the Renaissance
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1391:
8:
4741:
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1789:
1570:
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628:
450:
365:
245:
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2211:
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3335:
3322:
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1977:
1481:
1451:
1447:
1039:
833:
492:
300:
273:– human sexuality and the anus – without a shunning or archaic connotation to its use.
160:
109:
97:
2798:
2393:
1607:
it is not rendered sexually. Countering this is the argument that most of the uses of
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4643:
4594:
4423:
4141:
4129:
4121:
4105:
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2006:
1981:
1967:
1908:
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1403:
1156:. Some of these charges were specifically directed at the Grand Master of the order,
1109:
1097:
1047:
739:
to denote whoredom (Genesis 38:24 and Exodus 34:15). Some modern translations as the
3563:
941:
4097:
4010:
3942:
3922:
3886:
3714:
3592:
3535:
3468:
3421:
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3126:
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2740:
1959:
1866:
1828:
1793:
1620:
1541:
1504:
1446:, and further compared to or derived from the behavior of the alleged residents of
1194:
with hereticism, satanism, and witchcraft was supported by the Inquisition trials.
1157:
1035:
997:
669:(20 BCE – 50 CE), described the inhabitants of Sodom in an extra-biblical account:
594:
471:
339:
324:
46:
3850:"A thousand years ago, the Catholic Church paid little attention to homosexuality"
3288:
2995:
2975:
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in London on 27 November 1835 or 8 April 1835. They had been prosecuted under the
4393:
4253:
3531:
3195:
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2926:
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2142:
2112:
1797:
1407:
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CXLIII. De sceleribus nefandis ob quae regna percussa sunt, ut penitus caveantur.
1023:
862:
829:
735:). As one word, it is not used elsewhere in the New Testament, but occurs in the
698:
500:
312:
289:
156:
113:
77:
2253:
3034:
1657:
1615:
1363:
1323:
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785:
635:
574:
Specific sins which Sodom is linked to by the prophets of the Hebrew Bible are
560:
508:
442:
4486:
3946:
3793:
3539:
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2634:
1678:
interpreters hold that: (1) anal intercourse, while strongly disliked, is not
192:
4725:
4450:
Rowson, Everett K. (2006). "Homosexuality". In McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.).
4109:
3962:
3954:
3927:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London)
3770:. In Talvacchia, Kathleen T.; Pettinger, Michael F.; Larrimore, Mark (eds.).
3744:
3604:
3596:
3547:
3297:
3264:
Campbell, Marianne; Hinton, Jordan D. X.; Anderson, Joel R. (February 2019).
2876:
1709:
1419:
1265:
1026:'s fourth homily on Romans and attributed to Sodom by the Jewish philosopher
694:
690:
146:
4133:
4040:
3890:
3718:
3313:
2450:
The shape of practical theology: empowering ministry with theological praxis
1282:
An examination of trials for rape and sodomy during the 18th century at the
716:
233:
4383:
4032:
3925:(June 1999). "Homoeroticism and Homosexuality in Islam: A Review Article".
3358:
3331:
3199:
2330:
2116:
1557:
1512:
1423:
1387:
1318:
The last two Englishmen that were hanged for sodomy were executed in 1835.
1260:
1124:
1071:
564:
3651:"What are Religious Texts Really Saying about Gay and Transgender Rights?"
1963:
4170:
3705:. In Upson-Saia, Kristi; Daniel-Hughes, Carly; Batten, Alicia J. (eds.).
1719:
1581:
1544:(see discussion in the section below), which some translations (e.g. the
1494:
1490:
1331:
1312:
1168:
1149:
1116:
to all sexual acts not related to procreation that were therefore deemed
1050:
766:
662:
553:
549:
527:
164:
16:
Anal or oral sex with people, any sex with an animal, non-procreative sex
3555:
1074:, fabricated under the pseudonym Benedictus Levita, referred to sodomy:
3970:
3417:
2036:
Toward Stonewall: Homosexuality and Society in the Modern Western World
1675:
1604:
1520:
1508:
1399:
1343:
1283:
1232: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
736:
590:
523:
420:
294:
279:
262:
250:
219:
181:
125:
117:
4664:
4117:
2408:
2352:
Secret Sexualities: A Sourcebook of 17th and 18th Century Writing
4245:
Why the Disagreement over the Biblical Witness on Homosexual Practice
4006:
3934:
3882:
3775:
3710:
3429:
3382:
2355:
2002:
1955:
1357:
1305:
1269:
1175:
1133:, rendering those people characterized by it as non-human fiends, as
568:
542:
435:
361:
332:
318:
306:
285:
93:
3997:"The Will Not to Know: Islamic Accommodations of Male Homosexuality"
3649:
Robinson, Gene; Krehely, Jeff; Steenland, Sally (December 8, 2010).
1207:
883:
4623:
Tis Nature's Fault: Unauthorized Sexuality During the Enlightenment
4101:
3164:
1904:
1748:
1667:
1499:
1427:
1353:
1349:
1296:
1161:
1129:
858:
575:
546:
538:
534:
196:, a noun or verb (to "sod off") used as an insult, is derived from
159:(chapters 18–20) tells how God destroyed the sinful cities of
85:
81:
4311:(Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, 1978), p. 32.
4171:"A History of Homophobia: 2 The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah"
3801:
3736:
3490:
3412:
3305:
697:, references Sodom as a place of God's anger against sin, but the
284:
has no connotation of anal or oral sex and specifically refers to
21:
4630:
Secret Sexualities: A Sourcebook of 17th and 18th Century Writing
3058:
Sex, Politics and Society: The Regulation of Sexuality Since 1800
2679:
Esler, Philip F. (Spring 2004). "The Sodom tradition in Romans".
1671:
1145:
496:
424:
415:
4125:
1066:
Justinian's usage of the term was taken up around 850 CE by the
3460:
3346:
2870:
1663:
1272:
in 1730, accusing ten men of "the abominable crime of sodomy" (
988:
623::קדש), does not refer to Sodom, and has been translated in the
620:
531:
512:
399:
4487:"Chapter Three: The Islamic Sexual Morality (2) Its Structure"
2576:
Word pictures in the New Testament, Archibald Thomas Robertson
1994:
980:
3677:"The Story of Sodom and Gomorrah was NOT About Homosexuality"
3354:
2197:
1699:
1648:
1638:
1395:
1102:
984:
666:
519:
411:
270:
150:
61:
2476:
Who we are: our dignity as human: a neo-evangelical theology
1900:
Gay and Lesbian Rights: A Reference Handbook, Second Edition
3772:
Queer Christianities: Lived Religion in Transgressive Forms
1744:
750:
which almost always basically denotes "another/other", and
427:
64:
4542:(University Of Chicago Press; 8th Edition. edition, 2005).
4268:(Hamden: Connecticut: Archon, 1975 reprint from 1955), 4–5
1414:
within the boundaries of marriage over all other forms of
419:
or "Bulgarian". The word was used describe members of the
55:
4002:
Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature
1443:
773:
740:
579:
4689:
Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History and Literature
4420:
Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History and Literature
3875:"Applying Gender and Queer Theory to Pre-modern sources"
3648:
1858:
1782:"The Unexpected Actuality: "Deviance" and Transgression"
1178:
in Bulgaria led to the use of a term closely related to
837:
flesh", but it is not entirely clear what it refers to.
511:
19–21, there is an account, similar in many ways, where
4663:. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies. Archived from
4639:
Sexuality and Eroticism among Males in Muslim Societies
4388:, II–II, Question 164, Article 11 – via newadvent.org.
3985:
1952:
Sin, Sickness and Sanity: A History of Sexual Attitudes
1685:
Despite the formal disapproval of religious authority,
1093:("No. 160: On the perpetrators of manifold evil deeds")
180:
In current usage the term is particularly used in law.
4321:
A Reformed Response to Daniel Helminiak's Gay Theology
3628:"Bishop Soto tells NACDLGM: 'Homosexuality is Sinful'"
3263:
2717:. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. ANF08.iii.xiv.
1743:
These sub-national jurisdictions are: the province of
3768:"Celibacy Was 'Queer': Rethinking Early Christianity"
3591:
on behalf of Biblical Theology Bulletin Inc.: 68–87.
2772:
Book of the Secrets of Enoch (Slavonic Apocalypse of)
1412:
penetrative vaginal intercourse between men and women
1197:
375:
52:
4616:
Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
2747:. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. ANF08.iii.x.
1493:
to the "stranger". The 13th-century Jewish scholar,
58:
4660:
Liwat im Fiqh: Männliche Homosexualität?, Volume IV
49:
2799:Justinian I: Novel 77 (538) and Novel 141 (544 CE)
2700:. Commenting on the story of Sodom from Genesis 19
2407:
2032:
1587:The primary word in contention is the Hebrew word
1311:In 1730, there was a wave of sodomy trials in the
593:, a long comparison is made between Sodom and the
116:, was commonly restricted to homosexual anal sex.
4671:
4540:Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality
4266:Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition
3825:"A Modern Controversy Over Ancient Homosexuality"
3437:
2826:
2635:"CHURCH FATHERS: Homily 4 on Romans (Chrysostom)"
216:Many cognates in other languages, such as French
4723:
3257:
2775:. 10:4; in J recension Ch. I.118. Archived from
2564:Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown,
1945:
256:
248:
4531:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3080:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1820:
441:The first use of the word "buggery" appears in
304:
204:is used as slang in the United Kingdom and the
163:. Two angels sent to the cities are invited by
145:, "sin of Sodom", which in turn comes from the
4418:. In Murray, Stephen O.; Roscoe, Will (eds.).
4285:. Chabad (Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement).
3999:. In Murray, Stephen O.; Roscoe, Will (eds.).
3915:
2808:(Fordham Internet History Sourcebooks Project)
2517:The works of Philo a contemporary of Josephius
1618:gave a definition of the word "sodomy" in his
1511:in the 12th century; however, their source in
1164:were a libertine sect also accused of sodomy.
211:
4672:Van Jivraj, Suhraiya; de Jong, Anisa (2001).
4611:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998).
4609:The Invention of Sodomy in Christian Theology
2942:
2472:
1946:Bullough, Vern L.; Bullough, Bonnie (2019) .
1398:) have traditionally affirmed and endorsed a
1291:, i.e., not an actual death sentence at all.
1101:Monks accused of sodomy burned at the stake,
861:used the term "Sodomites" in summarizing the
384:In this regard Ian McCormick has argued that
355:
239:
231:
4687:. In Stephen O. Murray; Will Roscoe (eds.).
4656:
4635:
3707:Dressing Judeans and Christians in Antiquity
3505:
3450:
3160:Gay and Lesbian Rights: A Reference Handbook
3156:
2885:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2836:A History of Medieval Heresy and Inquisition
2318:Paragraph 175 StGB, version of June 28, 1935
2269:
2258:. Etymology: short for sodomite. Date: 1818.
2073:
1928:
1896:
1775:
1773:
1190:, meaning "of Bulgaria". The association of
404:
349:
343:
316:
292:
277:
225:
217:
4559:. World Congress of Muslim Philanthropists.
3366:
2479:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, p. 296,
2168:. Archived from the original on 2012-09-16.
1273:
140:
4587:"Implied Cases for Muslim Same-Sex Unions"
4323:, by Derrick K. Olliff and Dewey H. Hodges
3881:(1st ed.). London and New York City:
3879:The Routledge Handbook of Islam and Gender
3872:
3709:(1st ed.). London and New York City:
3118:
2473:Jewett, Paul; Shuster, Marguerite (1996),
1081:("No. 21: On manifold disgraceful wrongs")
1030:(20 BCE – 50 CE) and the Christian bishop
447:The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
4675:Muslim Moral Instruction on Homosexuality
4422:. New York University Press. p. 88.
4091:
3921:
3457:The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Narrative
3321:
3287:
1995:J. D. Douglas; Merrill C. Tenney (2011).
1770:
1248:Learn how and when to remove this message
968:Learn how and when to remove this message
4584:
4075:Journal of the American Oriental Society
3700:
3674:
3626:Gilbert, Kathleen (September 29, 2008).
3194:
2908:The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
2566:Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
2446:
2270:Soanes, Catherine; Hawker, Sara (2005).
2141:
2111:
2069:
2067:
1450:. However, the status of LGBT people in
1362:
1259:
1171:were also largely connoted with sodomy.
1096:
1091:CLX. De patratoribus diversorum malorum.
979:
746:The Greek words for "strange flesh" are
470:
20:
4472:
4470:
4454:. Vol. 2. Brill. pp. 444–445.
4404:Sura 26:165–167, quoted in Wafer, p. 88
3675:Modisane, Cameron (November 15, 2014).
3625:
3516:
3271:International Journal of Transgenderism
3226:
3224:
3150:
3074:
873:
4724:
4636:Schmitt, Arno; Sofer, Jehoeda (1992).
4581:(London and New York: Routledge, 1994)
4556:Which Sex Education for Young Muslims?
4552:
4449:
4359:Sodom: Inhospitality or Homosexuality?
4061:
3991:
3765:
3372:
3230:
3112:
2996:"A history of London's Newgate prison"
2865:
2817:
2619:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2077:The Blackwell Companion to Criminology
1998:Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary
1988:
1687:gender segregation in Muslim societies
1378:
904:Please improve this section by adding
784:) elsewhere is rendered in the KJV as
776:), and an overall "filthy" lifestyle (
4682:
4572:The Moral Vision of the New Testament
4413:
4055:
3822:
3576:
3473:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.39
3379:Men and Sex: A Sexual Script Approach
3055:
2976:"The Dutch Purge of Homosexuals 1730"
2832:
2678:
2349:
2064:
2026:
1890:
1814:
1779:
1337:
717:Compare Jude 1:7 in multiple versions
476:The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah
108:, which is derived from the story of
4567:(William Collins and Sons Ltd, 1990)
4497:from the original on 16 October 2013
4467:
3221:
3119:Scheb, John; Scheb, John II (2013).
3060:. London: Longman Publishing Group.
3006:from the original on 4 November 2017
2822:. New York: Basic Books. p. 11.
1852:
1730:
1540:The verb "know" is understood to be
1328:Offences against the Person Act 1828
1230:adding citations to reliable sources
1201:
877:
175:
92:between a human and another animal (
30:Sodomites provoking the wrath of God
4443:
4346:Homosexuality and the Old Testament
4211:from the original on 13 August 2017
4015:10.18574/nyu/9780814761083.003.0004
3847:
2751:from the original on 31 August 2017
2721:from the original on 31 August 2017
2453:, InterVarsity Press, p. 267,
2263:
2250:Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary
1859:John Scheb; John Scheb, II (2013).
1079:XXI. De diversis malorum flagitiis.
344:
13:
4632:. (London and New York: Routledge)
4625:(Cambridge University Press, 1988)
4201:"Tzedakah Activists Vs. Sodomites"
3353:(e.g., Judaism, Christianity, and
3231:Mendos, Lucas Ramón (March 2019).
3024:
3018:
1747:(Indonesia), Gaza (Palestine) and
1275:de verfoeyelyke Crimen van Sodomie
1198:Sodomy laws in 18th-century Europe
823:
743:render it as "sexual immorality".
455:Third New International Dictionary
402:" is derived from the French term
389:surprising and unanticipated ways.
376:Religious and legal interpretation
14:
4763:
4707:
4685:"Mohammad and Male Homosexuality"
4618:(Harvard University Press, 1990).
4591:Islam and homosexuality, Volume 2
4416:"Muhammad and Male Homosexuality"
4289:from the original on 2 April 2015
4231:The Bible and Homosexual Practice
4067:"The Effeminates of Early Medina"
2950:The Chronicle of Higher Education
2544:Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible
2276:Compact Oxford English Dictionary
2226:from the original on 6 April 2018
2127:from the original on July 2, 2010
1576:Others, the earliest of whom was
1061:Extreme weather events of 535–536
4621:Maccubbin, Robert Purks (ed.), '
4181:from the original on 8 June 2017
3375:"Male Sexuality and Pornography"
2414:Oxford English Dictionary Online
1206:
1070:fabrications. Three Carolingian
882:
684:
434:, as well as the related French
45:
4524:Dialmy, pp. 32, 35, footnote 34
4518:
4509:
4479:
4458:
4407:
4398:
4377:
4364:
4351:
4339:
4326:
4314:
4301:
4271:
4258:
4236:
4223:
4193:
4163:
3866:
3841:
3816:
3759:
3694:
3668:
3642:
3619:
3570:
3188:
3049:
2988:
2968:
2936:
2913:
2900:
2889:
2859:
2811:
2792:
2783:
2763:
2733:
2703:
2687:
2672:
2663:
2650:
2641:
2627:
2602:from the original on 2009-12-16
2588:
2579:
2570:
2558:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2510:
2492:
2466:
2440:
2431:
2400:
2380:
2362:
2343:
2323:
2310:
2238:
2204:
2186:
2154:
2145:(2003-03-24). "Unnatural Law".
1737:
1551:
1217:needs additional citations for
1174:Persecution of Cathars and the
486:
4547:Homosexuality and Civilization
4309:Homosexuality: A Biblical View
3523:Journal of Religion and Health
3084:World of Criminal Justice: N–Z
2920:Crimes tried at the Old Bailey
2647:Commentary on the sin of Sodom
2447:Anderson, Ray Sherman (2001),
2105:
1824:World of Criminal Justice: N–Z
1715:Homosexuality and Christianity
1330:, which had replaced the 1533
991:interview the sodomites, from
364:). Its direct reference is to
131:
1:
4691:. New York University Press.
4585:Jahangir, Junaid bin (2010).
4334:The Church and the Homosexual
3823:Frost, Natasha (2018-03-02).
3289:10.1080/15532739.2018.1545149
2943:Zipporah Osei (24 May 2019).
2931:Proceedings of the Old Bailey
2149:. Vol. 228, no. 11.
1758:
1007:
906:secondary or tertiary sources
609:Authorized King James Version
136:The term is derived from the
80:, generally refers to either
4574:(London: Continuum). pg. 381
4532:General and cited references
4005:. New York City and London:
3774:. New York City and London:
3701:Doerfler, Maria E. (2016) .
3655:Center for American Progress
3233:"State-sponsored Homophobia"
3206:. Vol. 228, no. 11
2336:Ordbog over det danske Sprog
2252:. Main Entry. Archived from
2041:University of Virginia Press
1798:10.5040/9781474210683.ch-003
1763:
1154:Trial of the Knights Templar
96:). It may also mean any non-
7:
4657:Schmitt, Arno (2001–2002).
4553:Dialmy, Abdessamad (2010).
4452:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān
3000:www.capitalpunishmentuk.org
2278:. Oxford University Press.
2033:Nicholas C. Edsall (2006).
1780:Sauer, Michelle M. (2015).
1705:The Bible and homosexuality
1693:
1268:, published in the city of
852:
356:
350:
212:Cognates in other languages
100:sexual activity (including
10:
4768:
4563:Davenport-Hines, Richard,
4515:Schmitt & Sofer, p. 36
4476:Jivraj & de Jong, p. 2
4279:"The Destruction of Sodom"
3939:Cambridge University Press
3877:. In Howe, Justine (ed.).
3580:Biblical Theology Bulletin
3387:Cambridge University Press
3122:Criminal Law and Procedure
3027:"Madeline Hunter –History"
2681:Biblical Theology Bulletin
1862:Criminal Law and Procedure
1786:Gender in Medieval Culture
1515:does not contain the word
1461:
1341:
1320:James Pratt and John Smith
1112:broadened the meaning for
1034:(260–311) and possible by
466:
393:
323:is rendered as "unnatural
276:In modern German the word
151:
4570:Hays, Richard B. (2004),
4084:American Oriental Society
3947:10.1017/S0041977X00016700
3766:Hunter, David G. (2015).
3395:10.1017/9781316874998.013
2896:Oxford English Dictionary
2820:The Guilt of the Templars
2374:Oxford English Dictionary
2178:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1546:New International Version
625:New International Version
398:The modern English word "
88:) between people, or any
4589:. In Samar Habib (ed.).
3873:Geissinger, Ash (2021).
3597:10.1177/0146107915577097
3081:Shirelle Phelps (2001).
2302:Origin: abbreviation of
1821:Shirelle Phelps (2001).
1632:
1410:, favouring exclusively
656:
410:, that evolved from the
354:; Persian pronunciation
311:carries both senses. In
288:. The same goes for the
4717:by Prof. Eugene F. Rice
3891:10.4324/9781351256568-6
3719:10.4324/9781315578125-9
3540:10.1023/A:1023621612061
3465:Oxford University Press
3373:Graham, Philip (2017).
2882:Encyclopædia Britannica
2005:. pp. 1584 pages.
679:133–35; ET Jonge 422–23
348:(Arabic pronunciation:
342:, the word for sodomy,
329:someone of the same sex
182:Laws prohibiting sodomy
104:). Originally the term
84:(but occasionally also
4747:Sexuality and religion
4628:McCormick, Ian (ed.).
4205:www.shemayisrael.co.il
2669:33–34; ET Jonge 422–23
2554:Vincent's Word Studies
1725:Religion and sexuality
1654:
1630:
1578:Derrick Sherwin Bailey
1567:
1548:) make more explicit.
1538:
1487:
1371:
1279:
1274:
1106:
1013:
893:relies excessively on
721:
682:
654:
483:
405:
391:
317:
305:
293:
278:
257:
249:
240:
232:
226:
218:
141:
37:
4549:(Belknap Press, 2003)
4229:Robert A. J. Gagnon,
3638:on 30 September 2008.
3420:assert the 'natural'
3157:David Newton (2009).
2082:John Wiley & Sons
2074:Colin Sumner (2008).
1964:10.4324/9780429056659
1897:David Newton (2009).
1644:
1626:
1562:
1525:
1465:
1416:human sexual activity
1366:
1263:
1100:
1053:'s amendments to his
1042:, (354–430) and some
1019:Epistle to the Romans
1002:'s commentary on the
983:
857:The Jewish historian
703:
671:
640:
491:In the Hebrew Bible,
474:
432:10th century Bulgaria
386:
34:Le Pot-Pourri de Loth
24:
4577:Goldberg, Jonathan,
3885:. pp. 101–115.
3467:. pp. 456–465.
3389:. pp. 250–251.
3280:Taylor & Francis
3056:Weeks, Jeff (1981).
2833:Deane, J.K. (2022).
2354:. London; New York:
2084:. pp. 310–320.
1390:, Christianity, the
1226:improve this article
1186:derives from French
1142:Medieval Inquisition
1056:Corpus iuris civilis
1032:Methodius of Olympus
874:Medieval Christendom
761:), careless living (
665:Jewish philosopher,
142:peccatum Sodomiticum
138:Ecclesiastical Latin
4683:Wafer, Jim (1997).
4493:. 18 October 2012.
4414:Wafer, Jim (1997).
4361:, Apologetics Press
4348:, P. Michael Ukleja
3463:and New York City:
3426:Abrahamic religions
3418:Patriarchal beliefs
3385:and New York City:
3351:Abrahamic religions
3245:on 22 December 2019
3037:on 20 November 2012
2910:(2010), p. 809
2818:Legman, G. (1966).
1790:Bloomsbury Academic
1542:a euphemism for sex
1384:Abrahamic religions
1379:Abrahamic religions
1375:the death penalty.
794:2 Corinthians 12:21
4752:Sodom and Gomorrah
4392:2020-09-28 at the
4370:James B. DeYoung,
4252:2008-05-12 at the
4175:rictornorton.co.uk
4063:Rowson, Everett K.
4009:. pp. 14–54.
3993:Murray, Stephen O.
3778:. pp. 13–24.
3713:. pp. 37–51.
3422:superiority of men
3031:madelinehunter.com
3025:Hunter, Madeline.
2982:2012-05-18 at the
2925:2017-06-02 at the
2804:2019-03-31 at the
2694:Augustine of Hippo
2522:2016-01-19 at the
2437:Boswell, pp. 92–98
2115:(March 24, 2003).
1958:. pp. 24–40.
1792:. pp. 74–78.
1452:early Christianity
1448:Sodom and Gomorrah
1372:
1338:Modern sodomy laws
1280:
1167:The early-modern
1107:
1040:Augustine of Hippo
1014:
834:Sodom and Gomorrah
518:Many times in the
484:
161:Sodom and Gomorrah
110:Sodom and Gomorrah
38:
4698:978-0-8147-7468-7
4649:978-1-56024-047-1
4642:. Haworth Press.
4614:Laqueur, Thomas,
4607:Jordan, Mark D.,
4600:978-0-313-37905-5
4545:Crompton, Louis,
4429:978-0-8147-7468-7
4151:on 1 October 2008
4024:978-0-8147-7468-7
3923:Schmidtke, Sabine
3900:978-1-351-25656-8
3785:978-1-4798-5181-2
3728:978-0-367-87933-4
3589:SAGE Publications
3518:Leeming, David A.
3482:978-0-19-996772-8
3404:978-1-107-18393-3
3198:(24 March 2003).
3174:978-1-59884-307-1
3136:978-1-285-54613-1
2846:978-1-5381-5295-9
2500:"Wisdom 19:13–14"
2486:978-0-8028-4075-2
2460:978-0-8308-1559-3
2358:. pp. 9, 11.
2285:978-0-19-861022-9
2214:Lawrence v. Texas
2091:978-0-470-99895-3
2012:978-0-310-49235-1
1973:978-0-429-05663-5
1948:""Unnatural Sex""
1914:978-1-59884-307-1
1876:978-1-285-54613-1
1807:978-1-4411-2160-8
1731:Explanatory notes
1406:approach towards
1386:(namely Judaism,
1322:died in front of
1258:
1257:
1250:
1144:, sects like the
1110:Benedictus Levita
1044:pseudepigraphacal
978:
977:
970:
952:
629:shrine prostitute
613:Deuteronomy 23:17
176:In modern English
4759:
4702:
4679:
4668:
4653:
4604:
4579:Reclaiming Sodom
4560:
4525:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4465:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4396:
4385:Summa Theologica
4381:
4375:
4368:
4362:
4355:
4349:
4343:
4337:
4332:John J. McNeil,
4330:
4324:
4318:
4312:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4275:
4269:
4264:Derrick Bailey,
4262:
4256:
4240:
4234:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4150:
4144:. Archived from
4095:
4071:
4065:(October 1991).
4059:
4053:
4052:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3854:The Conversation
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3634:. Archived from
3623:
3617:
3616:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3514:
3503:
3502:
3453:Fewell, Danna N.
3448:
3435:
3434:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3325:
3291:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3211:
3204:The New Republic
3196:Sullivan, Andrew
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3163:(2nd ed.).
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3127:Cengage Learning
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3033:. Archived from
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2992:
2986:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2940:
2934:
2917:
2911:
2904:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2872:"Templars"
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2815:
2809:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2707:
2701:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2411:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2392:. Archived from
2389:Bogomilism Study
2384:
2378:
2377:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2350:McCormick, Ian.
2347:
2341:
2340:
2327:
2321:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2299:
2297:
2288:. Archived from
2267:
2261:
2260:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2196:. Archived from
2190:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2169:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2147:The New Republic
2143:Sullivan, Andrew
2139:
2134:
2132:
2121:The New Republic
2113:Sullivan, Andrew
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2043:. pp. 3–4.
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1943:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1867:Cengage Learning
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1777:
1752:
1741:
1621:Summa Theologica
1536:
1505:613 commandments
1485:
1478:Ezekiel 16:49–50
1440:non-heterosexual
1368:Queer anarchists
1277:
1253:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1210:
1202:
1158:Jacques de Molay
1068:Pseudo-Isidorian
1036:Flavius Josephus
1012:
1009:
1001:
973:
966:
962:
959:
953:
951:
910:
886:
878:
719:
680:
595:kingdom of Judah
408:
359:
353:
347:
346:
325:carnal knowledge
322:
310:
298:
283:
260:
254:
243:
237:
229:
223:
154:
153:
144:
71:
70:
67:
66:
63:
60:
57:
54:
51:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4722:
4721:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4650:
4601:
4538:Boswell, John,
4534:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4475:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4399:
4394:Wayback Machine
4382:
4378:
4369:
4365:
4356:
4352:
4344:
4340:
4331:
4327:
4319:
4315:
4306:
4302:
4292:
4290:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4263:
4259:
4254:Wayback Machine
4241:
4237:
4228:
4224:
4214:
4212:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4184:
4182:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4093:10.1.1.693.1504
4069:
4060:
4056:
4025:
3990:
3986:
3920:
3916:
3901:
3871:
3867:
3858:
3856:
3848:McClain, Lisa.
3846:
3842:
3833:
3831:
3821:
3817:
3786:
3764:
3760:
3729:
3699:
3695:
3685:
3683:
3673:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3647:
3643:
3632:Catholic Online
3624:
3620:
3575:
3571:
3532:Springer Verlag
3515:
3506:
3483:
3449:
3438:
3405:
3371:
3367:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3229:
3222:
3209:
3207:
3200:"Unnatural Law"
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3129:. p. 185.
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3091:. p. 686.
3079:
3075:
3068:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2984:Wayback Machine
2974:Rictor Norton,
2973:
2969:
2955:
2953:
2941:
2937:
2927:Wayback Machine
2918:
2914:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2890:
2864:
2860:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2831:
2827:
2816:
2812:
2806:Wayback Machine
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2692:
2688:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2596:"Archived copy"
2594:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2524:Wayback Machine
2515:
2511:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2419:
2417:
2416:. December 2021
2406:
2405:
2401:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2348:
2344:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2311:
2295:
2293:
2292:on May 17, 2008
2286:
2268:
2264:
2256:on 2009-04-22.
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2171:
2170:
2166:myetymology.com
2160:
2159:
2155:
2130:
2128:
2117:"Unnatural Law"
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2072:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1993:
1989:
1974:
1944:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1869:. p. 185.
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1831:. p. 686.
1819:
1815:
1808:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1696:
1635:
1554:
1537:
1531:
1486:
1476:
1464:
1436:non-penetrative
1408:human sexuality
1404:heteronormative
1381:
1346:
1340:
1254:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1223:
1211:
1200:
1024:John Chrysostom
1010:
995:
974:
963:
957:
954:
911:
909:
903:
899:primary sources
887:
876:
855:
830:Epistle of Jude
826:
824:Epistle of Jude
780:), which word (
720:
715:
710:
699:Epistle of Jude
687:
681:
678:
659:
653:
646:
645:
489:
469:
430:originating in
396:
378:
214:
178:
134:
114:Book of Genesis
90:sexual activity
78:British English
72:), also called
48:
44:
26:François Elluin
17:
12:
11:
5:
4765:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4720:
4719:
4709:
4708:External links
4706:
4704:
4703:
4697:
4680:
4669:
4667:on 2011-09-06.
4654:
4648:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4599:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4550:
4543:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4517:
4508:
4478:
4466:
4457:
4442:
4428:
4406:
4397:
4376:
4363:
4350:
4338:
4325:
4313:
4307:Greg Bahnsen,
4300:
4270:
4257:
4235:
4222:
4192:
4162:
4102:10.2307/603399
4054:
4023:
3984:
3914:
3899:
3865:
3840:
3815:
3794:j.ctt13x0q0q.6
3784:
3758:
3727:
3693:
3667:
3641:
3618:
3569:
3504:
3481:
3436:
3403:
3365:
3256:
3220:
3187:
3173:
3167:. p. 85.
3149:
3135:
3111:
3097:
3073:
3066:
3048:
3017:
2987:
2967:
2935:
2912:
2899:
2888:
2877:Chisholm, Hugh
2858:
2845:
2825:
2810:
2791:
2782:
2779:on 2009-02-27.
2762:
2732:
2702:
2686:
2671:
2662:
2649:
2640:
2626:
2587:
2578:
2569:
2557:
2546:
2537:
2535:Boswell, p. 97
2528:
2509:
2491:
2485:
2465:
2459:
2439:
2430:
2399:
2396:on 2015-08-10.
2379:
2361:
2342:
2322:
2309:
2284:
2262:
2237:
2203:
2200:on 2007-07-04.
2185:
2153:
2104:
2090:
2063:
2049:
2025:
2011:
1987:
1972:
1927:
1913:
1907:. p. 85.
1889:
1875:
1851:
1837:
1813:
1806:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1634:
1631:
1616:Thomas Aquinas
1553:
1550:
1533:Genesis 19:4–7
1529:
1474:
1463:
1460:
1380:
1377:
1342:Main article:
1339:
1336:
1324:Newgate Prison
1289:death recorded
1256:
1255:
1214:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1118:counter nature
1095:
1094:
1088:
1082:
976:
975:
890:
888:
881:
875:
872:
854:
851:
825:
822:
798:Ephesians 4:19
786:lasciviousness
708:
686:
683:
676:
658:
655:
641:
636:Book of Wisdom
584:Jeremiah 23:14
488:
485:
468:
465:
443:Middle English
395:
392:
377:
374:
338:In Arabic and
331:or (now) with
213:
210:
177:
174:
133:
130:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4764:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4737:LGBTQ history
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4521:
4512:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4473:
4471:
4461:
4453:
4446:
4431:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4401:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4380:
4374:, pp. 118–122
4373:
4372:Homosexuality
4367:
4360:
4357:Dave Miller,
4354:
4347:
4342:
4335:
4329:
4322:
4317:
4310:
4304:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4226:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3830:
3829:Atlas Obscura
3826:
3819:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3762:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3697:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3260:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3153:
3138:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3100:
3098:0-7876-5073-0
3094:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3067:0-582-48334-4
3063:
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3005:
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2807:
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2766:
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2622:
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2597:
2591:
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2567:
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2555:
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2541:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2488:
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2478:
2477:
2469:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2443:
2434:
2427:
2415:
2410:
2409:"buggery, n."
2403:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2326:
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2313:
2306:
2305:
2291:
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2281:
2277:
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2266:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2194:"sodomy laws"
2189:
2181:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2097:September 21,
2093:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2068:
2056:September 21,
2052:
2050:0-8139-2543-6
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2018:September 21,
2014:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1878:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1840:
1838:0-7876-5073-0
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1769:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:Female sodomy
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1629:
1625:
1624:. He wrote:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1507:as listed by
1506:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:autoeroticism
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1266:wanted poster
1262:
1252:
1249:
1241:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1215:This section
1213:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1005:
999:
994:
993:Guido da Pisa
990:
986:
982:
972:
969:
961:
950:
947:
943:
940:
936:
933:
929:
926:
922:
919: –
918:
914:
913:Find sources:
907:
901:
900:
896:
891:This section
889:
885:
880:
879:
871:
869:
864:
860:
850:
848:
847:Galatians 1:6
844:
838:
835:
831:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:Matthew 11:23
755:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
718:
714:
707:
702:
700:
696:
695:Old Testament
692:
691:New Testament
685:New Testament
675:
670:
668:
664:
652:
650:
639:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
602:
600:
596:
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587:
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581:
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548:
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536:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
481:
477:
473:
464:
462:
458:
456:
453:". Webster's
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
426:
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418:
417:
413:
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407:
401:
390:
385:
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367:
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321:
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314:
309:
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209:
207:
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195:
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188:
185:
183:
173:
171:
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162:
158:
148:
147:Ancient Greek
143:
139:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
69:
42:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
4714:
4688:
4674:
4665:the original
4659:
4638:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4593:. ABC-CLIO.
4590:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4555:
4546:
4539:
4520:
4511:
4499:. Retrieved
4491:Al-Islam.org
4490:
4481:
4464:Wafer, p. 89
4460:
4451:
4445:
4433:. Retrieved
4419:
4409:
4400:
4384:
4379:
4371:
4366:
4358:
4353:
4345:
4341:
4333:
4328:
4320:
4316:
4308:
4303:
4291:. Retrieved
4282:
4273:
4265:
4260:
4244:
4238:
4230:
4225:
4213:. Retrieved
4204:
4195:
4183:. Retrieved
4174:
4165:
4153:. Retrieved
4146:the original
4079:
4073:
4057:
4000:
3987:
3930:
3926:
3917:
3878:
3868:
3857:. Retrieved
3853:
3843:
3832:. Retrieved
3828:
3818:
3771:
3761:
3706:
3696:
3684:. Retrieved
3680:
3670:
3658:. Retrieved
3654:
3644:
3636:the original
3631:
3621:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3527:
3521:
3456:
3416:
3378:
3368:
3359:Adam and Eve
3343:
3275:
3269:
3259:
3247:. Retrieved
3240:the original
3215:
3208:. Retrieved
3203:
3190:
3178:. Retrieved
3159:
3152:
3140:. Retrieved
3121:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3083:
3076:
3057:
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3035:the original
3030:
3020:
3008:. Retrieved
2999:
2990:
2970:
2961:
2954:. Retrieved
2948:
2938:
2930:
2915:
2907:
2902:
2895:
2891:
2880:
2861:
2850:. Retrieved
2835:
2828:
2819:
2813:
2794:
2785:
2777:the original
2771:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2745:www.ccel.org
2744:
2735:
2723:. Retrieved
2715:www.ccel.org
2714:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2680:
2674:
2665:
2657:
2652:
2643:
2629:
2604:. Retrieved
2590:
2585:Gill, Gn. 19
2581:
2572:
2565:
2560:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2475:
2468:
2449:
2442:
2433:
2425:
2418:. Retrieved
2413:
2402:
2394:the original
2388:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2351:
2345:
2334:
2325:
2312:
2303:
2301:
2294:. Retrieved
2290:the original
2275:
2265:
2257:
2254:the original
2249:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2219:
2213:
2206:
2198:the original
2188:
2165:
2156:
2146:
2136:
2131:November 27,
2129:. Retrieved
2120:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2076:
2054:. Retrieved
2035:
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
1997:
1990:
1951:
1918:. Retrieved
1899:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1861:
1854:
1842:. Retrieved
1823:
1816:
1785:
1739:
1684:
1679:
1666:(reports of
1662:
1655:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1575:
1568:
1563:
1558:Leviticus 18
1555:
1552:Christianity
1539:
1526:
1516:
1513:Leviticus 18
1498:
1488:
1469:
1466:
1458:is debated.
1424:masturbation
1418:, including
1392:Baháʼí Faith
1388:Samaritanism
1382:
1373:
1347:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1293:
1281:
1244:
1235:
1224:Please help
1219:verification
1216:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1125:protohistory
1122:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:capitularies
1065:
1054:
1017:
1015:
1003:
964:
958:January 2023
955:
945:
938:
931:
924:
912:
892:
867:
856:
839:
827:
818:2 Peter 2:18
814:Romans 13:13
781:
756:
751:
747:
745:
732:
728:
724:
722:
704:
688:
672:
660:
642:
633:
616:
606:
603:
588:
573:
558:Lamentations
517:
490:
487:Hebrew Bible
475:
460:
459:
454:
446:
440:
414:
403:
397:
387:
383:
379:
369:
337:
275:
266:
215:
206:Commonwealth
201:
197:
191:
189:
186:
179:
135:
121:
105:
73:
40:
39:
33:
29:
18:
4247:, pp. 46–50
4233:, pp. 73–74
4086:: 671–693.
4033:j.ctt9qfmm4
3941:: 260–266.
3534:: 101–109.
3210:27 November
2698:Confessions
2658:Antiquities
2220:cornell.edu
1920:January 13,
1882:January 13,
1844:January 13,
1720:Prison rape
1658:Mu'tazilite
1582:hospitality
1571:abomination
1495:Nachmanides
1491:hospitality
1456:early Islam
1400:patriarchal
1332:Buggery Act
1313:Netherlands
1169:witch hunts
1150:Waldensians
1140:During the
1051:Justinian I
1011: 1345
996: [
868:Antiquities
802:1 Peter 4:3
778:2 Peter 2:7
767:fornication
693:, like the
663:Hellenistic
611:translates
528:Deuteronomy
480:John Martin
451:Albigensian
230:), Spanish
132:Terminology
118:Sodomy laws
98:procreative
4742:Sex crimes
4726:Categories
4283:Chabad.org
4155:7 November
3859:2021-04-24
3834:2021-04-24
3802:2014025201
3737:2014000554
3491:2015033360
3413:2017004137
3306:2004213389
3180:13 January
3142:13 January
3104:13 January
3089:Gale Group
3041:7 November
2852:2023-06-27
2656:Josephus,
2606:2009-12-31
2420:10 January
1829:Gale Group
1788:. London:
1759:References
1637:While the
1605:Septuagint
1521:Genesis 19
1509:Maimonides
1432:manual sex
1358:bestiality
1344:Sodomy law
1284:Old Bailey
1238:April 2010
928:newspapers
895:references
843:Romans 7:3
810:wantonness
782:aselgeiais
763:Luke 17:28
737:Septuagint
644:strangers.
591:Ezekiel 16
567:4.11; and
520:Pentateuch
436:Albigenses
286:bestiality
263:vernacular
246:Portuguese
155:(Sódoma).
126:pejorative
102:manual sex
94:bestiality
4142:163738149
4110:0003-0279
4088:CiteSeerX
4049:141668547
4007:NYU Press
3979:170880292
3963:0041-977X
3955:1474-0699
3935:Cambridge
3909:224909490
3883:Routledge
3810:152944605
3776:NYU Press
3753:165559811
3745:921583924
3711:Routledge
3686:March 30,
3660:March 30,
3613:170127256
3605:1945-7596
3548:1573-6571
3499:146505567
3430:rape myth
3383:Cambridge
3340:151069171
3298:1553-2739
3282:: 21–38.
3249:28 August
2370:"buggery"
2356:Routledge
2003:Zondervan
1982:143758576
1956:Routledge
1764:Citations
1751:(Russia).
1591:used for
1306:Tuileries
1270:Amsterdam
1188:bouggerie
1176:Bogomiles
1038:(37–100)
790:Mark 7:22
725:ekporneuō
711:Jude 1:5
569:Zephaniah
425:heretical
301:Norwegian
258:sodomizar
241:sodomizar
227:sodomiser
190:The word
4732:Anal sex
4495:Archived
4390:Archived
4287:Archived
4250:Archived
4243:Gagnon,
4209:Archived
4179:Archived
4134:47785421
4126:12032032
4041:35526232
3995:(1997).
3564:38974409
3556:27511667
3332:32999592
3314:56795128
3165:ABC-CLIO
3004:Archived
2980:Archived
2923:Archived
2869:(1911).
2802:Archived
2749:Archived
2719:Archived
2660:, 1.11.1
2615:cite web
2600:Archived
2520:Archived
2331:"Sodomi"
2304:sodomite
2296:June 23,
2224:Archived
2174:cite web
2162:"Sodomy"
2125:Archived
1905:ABC-CLIO
1749:Chechnya
1694:See also
1668:Muhammad
1530:—
1500:tzedakah
1475:—
1428:oral sex
1354:oral sex
1350:anal sex
1297:Bastille
1162:Adamites
1135:nithings
1004:Commedia
917:"Sodomy"
859:Josephus
853:Josephus
806:Jude 1:4
771:Jude 1:7
748:heteros,
709:—
677:—
576:adultery
547:Jeremiah
524:Prophets
421:Bogomils
416:Bulgarus
198:sodomite
122:sodomite
86:oral sex
82:anal sex
4435:24 July
4336:, p. 50
4293:4 April
3971:3107489
3455:(ed.).
3323:6830999
2879:(ed.).
1672:Shariah
1523:(KJV):
1462:Judaism
1184:buggery
1146:Cathars
1048:Emperor
942:scholar
863:Genesis
733:porneuō
501:Genesis
497:Abraham
467:History
394:Buggery
340:Persian
333:animals
295:sodomia
280:Sodomie
251:sodomia
244:), and
234:sodomía
220:sodomie
157:Genesis
112:in the
74:buggery
32:, from
4715:Sodomy
4695:
4646:
4597:
4426:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4118:603399
4116:
4108:
4090:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4021:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3953:
3907:
3897:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3782:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3725:
3681:News24
3611:
3603:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3497:
3489:
3479:
3461:Oxford
3411:
3401:
3347:Muslim
3338:
3330:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3171:
3133:
3095:
3064:
2956:24 May
2933:online
2867:W.A.P.
2843:
2526:p. 528
2483:
2457:
2282:
2088:
2047:
2009:
1980:
1970:
1911:
1873:
1835:
1804:
1676:Shiite
1664:Hadith
1517:sodomy
1444:sinful
1394:, and
1356:, and
1192:sodomy
1180:sodomy
1160:. The
1114:sodomy
989:Virgil
944:
937:
930:
923:
915:
621:Hebrew
617:Qadesh
541:, and
532:Isaiah
513:Gibeah
509:Judges
482:, 1852
461:Bugger
406:bougre
400:bugger
362:Qur'an
319:sodomi
313:Danish
307:sodomi
299:. The
290:Polish
255:(verb
238:(verb
224:(verb
152:Σόδομα
128:term.
106:sodomy
41:Sodomy
36:, 1781
4501:7 May
4215:7 May
4185:7 May
4149:(PDF)
4138:S2CID
4114:JSTOR
4082:(4).
4070:(PDF)
4045:S2CID
4029:JSTOR
3975:S2CID
3967:JSTOR
3951:eISSN
3933:(2).
3905:S2CID
3806:S2CID
3790:JSTOR
3749:S2CID
3609:S2CID
3587:(2).
3560:S2CID
3552:JSTOR
3530:(2).
3495:S2CID
3355:Islam
3336:S2CID
3278:(1).
3243:(PDF)
3236:(PDF)
3010:7 May
2875:. In
2755:7 May
2725:7 May
2272:"sod"
2246:"sod"
2230:7 May
1978:S2CID
1700:Ayoni
1680:haram
1649:Allah
1639:Quran
1633:Islam
1609:yâda‛
1601:yâda‛
1589:yâda,
1535:(KJV)
1396:Islam
1103:Ghent
1028:Philo
1000:]
985:Dante
949:JSTOR
935:books
808:) or
667:Philo
657:Philo
580:lying
493:Sodom
412:Latin
368:(لوط
357:lavât
351:liwāṭ
327:with
303:word
271:taboo
149:word
4693:ISBN
4644:ISBN
4595:ISBN
4503:2018
4437:2010
4424:ISBN
4295:2015
4217:2018
4187:2018
4157:2021
4130:OCLC
4122:LCCN
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