2537:
2714:
3462:. The Autonomy Statute of Andalusia, a region that contributes less to Spain's GDP than the region of Catalonia contributes, requires it in turn to allocate state investments in proportion to its population (it is the largest Spanish Autonomous Community in terms of population). These requirements are legally binding, as they are enacted as part of Autonomy Statutes, which rank only below the Constitution itself. It is self-evident that, should all autonomous communities be allowed to establish their particular financing models upon the State, the total may add up to more than 100% and that would be unviable. Despite these changes having been proposed and approved by fellow members of the PSOE, former
3008:
2307:
47:
1718:
1707:
3539:
3499:
3130:
2953:
2909:
2553:
1987:
322:
2403:
2438:
Parliament, he formally names him Prime
Minister of Spain. When a Prime Minister has been named, he also formally names all the members of his government, all of which are proposed by the Prime Minister himself. The King has both a right and a duty to be informed of all the state affairs; he is also allowed to preside over the government meetings when the Prime Minister invites him to do so, although he has the ability to reject this invitation.
2351:
King has never been prosecuted and it is unlikely that he would be prosecuted even if it was proven that the monarch had committed a crime. The legal justification for royal immunity is that the King is mandated by the
Constitution to fulfill several roles as the head of state; thus, the King is obligated to perform his actions and fulfill his duties, so the King cannot be judged for actions that he is constitutionally obligated to perform.
293:
3305:
1268:
3030:) in its preliminary title. However, those rights are not at the same level of protection as the individual rights contained in articles 14 to 28, since those social rights are considered in fact principles and directives of economic policy, but never full rights of the citizens to be claimed before a court or tribunal.
3484:
Autonomous communities such as
Catalonia, Aragon, Andalusia or Extremadura, have included statutory clauses claiming exclusive powers over any river flowing through their territories. Nearby communities have filed complaints before the Spanish Constitutional Court on the grounds that no Community can
3084:
Section 1. If a self-governing community does not fulfil the obligations imposed upon it by the constitution or other laws, or acts in a way that is seriously prejudicial to the general interest of Spain, the government may take all measures necessary to compel the community to meet said obligations,
2887:
For the duration where any of those acts of
Article 116 are declared, Congress cannot be dissolved. In the event that Congress had been dissolved or its term expires, the powers of Congress are assumed by the Standing Committee. Since the constitution of Spain was adopted, the state of alarm was only
2869:
shall be declared by the
Government, by means of a decree decided upon by the Council of Ministers, for a maximum period of fifteen days. The Congress of Deputies shall be informed and must meet immediately for this purpose. Without their authorisation, the said period may not be extended. The decree
2517:
The
Constitution also establishes in article 60 that the guardian of the King or Queen during their minority cannot be the same as the person who acts as regent, unless the regent is the father, the mother, or a direct ancestor of the King. Parents can be guardian while widowed. If the parent marries
2485:
This legal forecast was exercised for the first time of the current democratic period in 2014 when King Juan Carlos abdicated in favor of his son. The
Organic Act 3/2014 made effective the abdication of the King. A Royal decree of the same year also modified the Royal Decree of 1987 which establishes
2350:
The King of Spain enjoys immunity and is not subject to legal accountability. In a broad sense, this means that the King cannot be legally prosecuted. Some jurists say that this only refers to criminal procedures, while others claim this immunity is also present in civil procedures; in practice, the
3181:
A constitutional amendment must be approved by a three-fifths majority by both the
Congress of Deputies and the Senate. If there is disagreement between the Chambers, a mixed committee will present an agreed text to both chambers for a vote. Even if this procedure fails, and as long as the amendment
3453:
Prominent
Spanish politicians, mostly from the People's Party but also from the Socialist Party (PSOE) and other non-nationalist parties, have advocated for the statutory reform process to be more closely compliant with the Constitution, on the grounds that the current wave of reforms threatens the
2939:
Article 117 establishes the independence of the judiciary and the law. In cases of martial law, military activity is limited by the
Constitution. Articles 119 to 120 establish the right to a public, fair trial, with the right to an attorney for indigent defendants. Article 121 mandates compensation
2393:
There are only two royal acts that do not require the refrendo. The first encompasses all acts related to the management of the Royal House of Spain; the King can freely hire and fire any employees of the Royal House and he receives an annual amount from the state budget to operate the Royal House,
2017:
Part I of the Spanish Constitution encompasses Sections 10 to 55, establishing fundamental rights and duties. The scope of the rights recognised by the text is the largest in Spanish constitutional history. Scholars deem the enumeration open insofar as new rights can be included under the principle
3169:
There are two methods of amending the Spanish Constitution, detailed below. The Government, the Congress of Deputies or the Senate can propose constitutional amendments. The Parliaments of the Autonomous Communities can also propose a constitutional amendment to the Congress or the Government, but
3160:
The King appoints all twelve members of the Constitutional Court. Four are nominated by a 3/5 majority in Congress; four are nominated by a 3/5 majority in the Senate. Two are nominated by the government, and the last two by the General Council of the Judiciary. They can serve a maximum of 9 years
2500:
The Regency is regulated in article 59. The Regency is a period in which a person exercises the duties of the King or Queen regnant on behalf of the real monarch who is a minor. This article establishes that the King or Queen's mother or father shall immediately assume the office of regent and, in
2437:
The King also proposes a candidate for Prime Minister, which is probably the King's most 'political' function, as he traditionally holds meetings with the leaders of all the major political parties in order to facilitate the formation of a government. If a candidate is successfully invested by the
1973:
As a result, Spain is now composed entirely of 17 Autonomous Communities and two autonomous cities with varying degrees of autonomy, to the extent that, even though the Constitution does not formally state that Spain is a federation (nor a unitary state), actual power shows, depending on the issue
3001:
Section 1. In the exercise of the right to self-government recognized in Article 2 of the Constitution, bordering provinces with common historic, cultural and economic characteristics, island territories and provinces with historic regional status may accede to self-government and form Autonomous
2365:
The King is vested with executive power, but is not personally responsible for exercising it. This does not mean that his actions are free of responsibility. The responsibility for the King's actions falls into the persons who hold actual political power and who actually take political decisions,
2875:
Section 2. A state of emergency shall be declared by the Government by means of a decree decided upon by the Council of Ministers, after prior authorisation by the Congress of Deputies. The authorisation for and declaration of a state of emergency must specifically state the effects thereof, the
3675:
Article 40 states: "The public authorities shall promote favourable conditions for social and economic progress and for a more equitable distribution of regional and personal income within the framework of a policy of economic stability. They shall in particular carry out a policy aimed at full
2639:
Each chambers works in a Plenary or by Commissions, work groups with a composition proportional to each party's representation. Commissions may be assigned the study of bills and matters by the Governing Board, and the Plenary may delegate unto them the passing of certain bills, excluding those
2441:
Regarding the Government, the King also formally issues the governmental decrees, as well as bestowing all the civil and military ranks and employments, and he also grants honors and distinctions according to the laws. The King is also the supreme head of the Armed Forces of Spain, although the
3665:
Article 47 of the Spanish Constitution states: "All Spaniards have the right to enjoy decent and adequate housing. The public authorities shall promote the necessary conditions and establish appropriate standards in order to make this right effective, regulating land use in accordance with the
1379:
The promulgation of the constitution marked the climax of the Spanish transition to democracy after the death of general Franco, on 20 November 1975, who ruled over Spain as a military dictator for nearly 40 years. This led to the country undergoing a complex process that included a series of
2504:
Article 59 § 2 establishes that the monarch may be declared incapacitated by Parliament if the monarch becomes unfit for the exercise of authority, in which case the Prince or Princess of Asturias shall assume the regency if they are of age; if not, the previous procedure must be followed.
3430:
on the grounds that it should be dealt with as a constitutional reform rather than a mere statute reform because it allegedly contradicts the spirit of the Constitution in many points, especially the Statute's alleged breaches of the "solidarity between regions" principle enshrined by the
2377:
All the King's acts have to undergo the refrendo procedure. Through the refrendo, other persons assume legal and political responsibility for the King's acts, if such responsibility is demanded from them. Article 64 explains the refrendo and transfers responsibility for royal acts to the
2021:
The effect of fundamental rights is twofold. They are subjective rights to be exercised both individually and collectively. In addition to this, they are a binding principle for all public authorities, which allows for peaceful coexistence and legitimates the political and social order.
1968:
Section 2. The Constitution is based on the indissoluble unity of the Spanish Nation, the common and indivisible homeland of all Spaniards; it recognizes and guarantees the right to self-government of the nationalities and regions of which it is composed and the solidarity among them
2673:
Section 69 establishes the Senate as an upper and territorial chamber. It is elected under a mixed system where 208 Senators are elected directly by universal, free, equal, direct and secret suffrage and the rest are indirectly appointed by the legislative assemblies of the
2617:). The Permanent Deputation exerts a limited series of powers during recesses and after the dissolution of the chambers. Joint sessions of the Cortes are presided by the Speaker of the Congress of Deputies under a common procedure code passed by a majority of each chamber.
3685:
Article 41 states: "The public authorities shall maintain a public Social Security system for all citizens guaranteeing adequate social assistance and benefits in situations of hardship, especially in case of unemployment. Supplementary assistance and benefits shall be
2486:
the titles of the Royal family and the Regents and arranged that the outgoing King and Queen shall conserve their titles. And the Organic Act 4/2014 modified the Organic Act of the Judiciary to allow the former Kings to conserve their judicial prerogatives (immunity).
1832:
on 6 December 1978. 91.81% of voters supported the new constitution. Finally, it was sanctioned by King Juan Carlos on 27 December in a ceremony in the presence of parliamentarians. It came into effect on 29 December, the day it was published in the Official Gazette.
3709:
Article 50 states: "The public authorities shall guarantee, through adequate and periodically updated pensions, a sufficient income for citizens in old age. Likewise, and without prejudice to the obligations of the families, they shall promote their welfare through a
3060:, and with the consensus of the other "fathers of the constitution", the right to State intervention in private companies in the public interest and the facilitation of access by workers to ownership of the means of production were also enshrined in the Constitution.
1963:, which advocates freedom, justice, equality and political pluralism as highest values of its legal system. National sovereignty belongs to the Spanish people, from whom all state powers emanate. The political form of the Spanish State is the Parliamentary Monarchy.
3194:: the Preliminary Title, Section I of Chapter II of Title I (on Fundamental Rights and Public Liberties), and Title II (on the Crown). Under Title X, these cannot be altered except by the same process that would be required for adoption of a new constitution:
2781:, or a simple majority (more yeas than noes) in a second roll call that takes place two days after the first. The process can be repeated with the same or other political leader chosen by the King within two months after the first roll call; after that time, a
2330:
and symbolizes the unity of the Spanish state. It refers to the monarch's role as a "moderator" whose main role is to oversee and ensure the regular functioning of the institutions. The monarch is also the highest-ranked representative of the Spanish state in
3907:"Real Decreto 527/2014, de 20 de junio, por el que se crea el GuiĂłn y el Estandarte de Su Majestad el Rey Felipe VI y se modifica el Reglamento de Banderas y Estandartes, Guiones, Insignias y Distintivos, aprobado por Real Decreto 1511/1977, de 21 de enero"
3405:" of the different regions are the second most important Spanish legal normatives when it comes to the political structure of the country. Because of that, the reform attempts of some of them have been either rejected or produced considerable controversy.
3431:
Constitution. After failing to assemble the required majority to dismiss the text, the People's Party filed a claim of unconstitutionality against several dozen articles of the text before the Spanish Constitutional Court for them to be struck down.
2425:
Article 62 of the Spanish Constitution establishes an exhaustive list of the King's functions, all of which are symbolic and do not reflect the exercise of any political power. The King sanctions and promulgates the laws, which are approved by the
3699:
protection is recognized. It is incumbent upon the public authorities to organize and watch over public health by means of preventive measures and the necessary benefits and services. The law shall establish the rights and duties of all in this
3182:
passed with a simple majority in the Senate, Congress may pass the amendment with two-thirds majority. One-tenth of either deputies or senators may also request, with a 15-day deadline since passage, that the amendment be put to a referendum.
2527:
Article 60 § 2 also establishes that the exercise of the guardianship is also incompatible with the holding of any office or political representation so that no person can be the guardian of the monarch while holding a political office.
1792:
later polished the draft Constitution's wording. However, since much of the consensus depended on keeping the wording ambiguous, few of Cela's proposed re-wordings were approved. One of those accepted was the substitution of the archaic
1698:
or "fathers of the Constitution". The seven people were chosen to represent the wide (and often, deeply divided) political spectrum within the Spanish Parliament, while the leading role was given to then ruling party and now defunct
2186:
in accordance with the constitutional mandate for a social state (Section 1) and for effective freedom and equality and societal integration for all citizens and collectives (Section 9, Part 2). It includes provisions for a public
3469:
disagreed with this new trend of assigning state investment quotas to territories based on any given autonomous community custom requirement and has subsequently compared the task of planning the Spanish national budget to a
2018:
of human dignity as a foundation of the political order and social peace (Section 10). This can be achieved by means of constitutional reform, jurisprudential developments or the ratification of new international treaties.
2881:
Section 3. A state of siege (martial law) shall be declared by absolute majority of the Congress of Deputies, exclusively at the proposal of the Government. Congress shall determine its territorial extension, duration and
2030:
Chapter One deals with the entitlement of constitutional rights. Section 11 provides for the regulation by statute of Spanish nationality whilst providing for its inalienability for Spaniards. Section 12 establishes the
2215:). These statutes must respect the essential content of said rights. The fundamental rights and public freedoms included in Section One of Chapter Two can be invoked directly, and they ought to be regulated by means of
2636:. They have control over the line of succession of the Spanish Crown, with the power to appoint Regents, Tutors and to elect a new head of state according to the interest of Spain if all sucessory lines are exhausted.
3454:
functional destruction of the constitutional system itself. The most cited arguments are the self-appointed unprecedented expansions of the powers of autonomous communities present in recently reformed statutes:
2394:
which he freely distributes across the institution. The second one refers to the King's will, which enables him to distribute his material legacy and name tutors for his children, if they are not legal adults.
1648:
refers to constitutional amendments, of which there have been only three since 1978 (in 1992, when Article #13 was reformed, in 2011, when Article #135 was reformed, and in 2024, when Article #49 was reformed).
2648:
Section 68 provides for a lower chamber with a minimum of three hundred and a maximum of four hundred Deputies, elected by universal, free, equal, direct and secret suffrage. The electoral districts are the
3485:
exercise exclusive power over rivers that cross more than one Community, not even over the part flowing through its territory because its decisions affect other Communities, both downstream or upstream.
2041:
are entitled to a reduced array of rights, among which the right of association, the right to honour, the right to due process of law, freedom of speech and the inviolability of the home are included.
3228:
and debt brake was added to Article 135. The third amendment, passed in January 2024, amends the language of Article 49 to read "persons with disabilities", rather than those who are "handicapped".
1974:
considered, widely varying grades of decentralization, ranging from the quasi-confederal status of tax management in Navarre and the Basque Country to the total centralization in airport management.
2434:, which the King also symbolically and formally calls and dissolves. The King also calls for periodic elections and for referendums in the cases that are included by the laws or the Constitution.
2464:. The heir to the throne receives the title of Prince or Princess of Asturias as well as the other historic titles of the heir and the other children received the title of Infantes or Infantas.
1862:
Notably, the Constitution also formally repealed several important Spanish laws related the political history of the country: the Laws of 25 October 1839 and 21 July 1876, related to the Basque
1415:
The Spanish Constitution is a written document that takes cues from both older Spanish constitutions and other then-current European constitutions. For example, it contains the provision for a
1876:
were repealed. It also supersedes the Law of 4 January 1977, on Political Reform, which was conceived as a temporary mechanism to loosen restrictions on fundamental rights inherited from the
2382:
in most cases, though it also allows other ministers to assume responsibility for royal acts as well. In general, when there is not a formed government, the responsibility is assumed by the
2755:
Section 99 describes the procedure of appointment of the Prime Minister. After an election, or any other event that triggers an appointment, the King shall meet with all the leaders of the
3090:
Section 2. With a view to implementing the measures provided for in the foregoing paragraph, the Government may issue instructions to all the authorities of the Self-governing Communities.
2855:
can be dissolved. This measure requires approval from the King of Spain, who must establish a date for the elections. The proposal for dissolution cannot be submitted during a censure.
3161:
divided into three 3-year renewable terms. Serving magistrates and prosecutors, politicians, political party members, or active businessmen can not serve on the Constitutional Court.
934:
5239:
2260:
Sections 14 to 29 and Section 30, Part 2, enjoy the right to a preferential and summary procedure in the ordinary courts. Once this procedure is exhausted, citizens may lodge an
4997:
1900:
The Spanish Nation, wishing to establish justice, liberty and security, and to promote the welfare of all who make part of it, in use of her sovereignty, proclaims its will to:
1587:
and the finances of the Spanish state, subjecting all the wealth in the country to the general interest and recognizing public initiative in the economy, while also protecting
3173:
There have been 2 amendments to the Spanish constitution, one in 1992 and one in 2011, both were passed with the necessary majority and without a referendum being requested.
2876:
territorial area to which it is to apply and its duration, which may not exceed thirty days, subject to extension for a further thirty-day period, with the same requirements.
2810:
Section 102 stablishes the conditions for prosecution of criminal accountability for the Prime Minister or any other member of the Government, explicitly stating they cannot
2442:
effective lead is held by the Government of Spain. Finally, the King holds the High Patronage of all the Royal Academies and other organizations that have a royal patronage.
2278:
In addition to this, the Prime Minister, the Ombudsman, 50 members of the Congress of Deputies, 50 Senators, and regional governments and legislative assemblies may lodge
5244:
3458:
The amended version of the Catalan Statute prompts the State to allot investments in Catalonia according to Catalonia's own percentage contribution to the total Spanish
2640:
related to constitutional reform, international matters, organic laws and the budget. Commissions can be legislative and non-legislative, and permanent or temporary.
1888:
Traditionally, writing the preamble to the constitution was considered an honour, and a task requiring great literary ability. The person chosen for this purpose was
2536:
1360:
in Spain; however, it is "the first which was not imposed by a party but represented a negotiated compromise among all the major parties". It was sanctioned by King
2752:), and any other members listed in statute. The Prime Minister runs the Government's policy and coordinates the faculties of the others members of the Government.
2661:, with a minimum of two seats for each province and one seat for each city, the rest being apportioned by population. All deputies are elected in each district by
5249:
718:
4926:
4207:
2940:
in case of damages caused by legal irregularities. Article 127 forbids serving magistrates and prosecutors from political party membership or public office.
3666:
general interest in order to prevent speculation. The community shall have a share in the benefits accruing from the town-planning policies of public bodies".
2684:, with citizens being able to elect all but one members of a district. This affords the second most voted party in each district a degree of representation.
1407:(i.e., the constitution of the Francoist regime), as well as other major historical laws and every pre-existing law that contradicted the new constitution.
2067:
2473:, they shall be excluded from succession to the Crown, as shall their descendants. This article also establishes that if the lines are extinguished, the
2207:
Chapter Four includes a series of guarantees for fundamental rights. Section 53 limits the regulation of all rights in Chapter Two and Chapter Three to
5483:
2335:
and only exercises the functions that are explicitly attributed to him by the Constitution and the laws. The King's official title is "King of Spain" (
4052:
4381:
4266:
3423:
in the Spanish state was rejected by the Spanish Cortes, on the grounds (among others) that it amounted to an implicit reform of the Constitution.
2778:
1606:
800:
2514:
shall appoint one regent or a council of three or five persons known as the Council of Regency. The regent must be a Spaniard and legally of age.
3477:
The Valencian statute, whose reform was one of the first to be enacted, includes the so-called Camps clause (named after the Valencian President
2344:
1449:
refers to fundamental rights and duties, which receive special treatment and protection under Spanish law. Article 1 defines the Spanish state:
5061:
4991:
5478:
4493:
3106:
On October 27, 2017, the Senate of Spain (Senado) voted 214 to 47 to invoke Article 155 of the Spanish Constitution over Catalonia after the
2071:
via constitutional amendment. Furthermore, an individual can request the protection of a justice court if any of these rights are infringed.
1086:
356:
3235:
to military courts during wartime, the death penalty has since been removed from the Code of Military Justice and thus lost all relevance.
2713:
941:
5397:
4038:
3220:
the right to active and passive suffrage (both voting rights and eligibility as candidates) in local elections under the provisions of the
3069:
2658:
2035:
in Spain at 18. Section 13 limits the entitlement of public freedoms to aliens to the provisions of statutes and international treaties.
1308:
813:
1741:
1609:" and establishes a unitary state that is nevertheless heavily decentralized through delegation and transfer of powers. The result is a
229:
46:
1060:
1055:
1050:
5540:
2654:
1235:
761:
685:
3369:
4982:
1679:(the Spanish Parliament, in its capacity as a constitutional assembly) for the purpose of drafting and approving the constitution.
1046:
3341:
5515:
3463:
2267:, a last instance unique to Spanish constitutional law and created in 1978 that, once exhausted, allows for an appeal before the
1081:
796:
544:
2482:
Finally, article 57.5 establishes that abdications or any legal doubt about the succession must be clarified by an Organic Act.
5266:
4790:
4443:
4152:
3322:
2889:
1829:
1700:
1416:
1342:
1208:
1076:
1003:
223:
4232:
RTVE video of the event of Juan Carlos I's sanction of the constitution in the presence of parliamentarians, 27 December 1978.
3216:
The Constitution has been amended three times. The first time, Article 13.2, Title I was altered to extend to citizens of the
2456:
The succession to the Crown is regulated in article 57 which establishes a male preference primogeniture to the successors of
1281:
5535:
4655:
4374:
3420:
3348:
2896:. The first state of emergency was declared in October 2020 as a result of continued difficulties for the COVID-19 pandemic.
2766:
2620:
The Cortes exert legislative, budgetary and control powers over the executive. They have the power to appoint members to the
2383:
1021:
924:
714:
564:
4259:
3438:
of Aragon, Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community on similar grounds as those of the PP, and others such as disputed
1781:
1124:
1119:
929:
616:
574:
235:
17:
4116:
3931:
3481:), which makes any powers assumed by other communities in its statutes automatically available to the Valencian Community.
2687:
The attributions of the Spanish Senate are subordinate to those of the Spanish Congress, which makes it comparable to the
296:
5669:
4903:
3110:
3073:
2773:
power over the King's choice. The investiture vote is successful, and the nominee becomes Prime Minister, if he gets the
1771:
1751:
1161:
998:
631:
473:
275:
245:
1690:
to work on a draft of the Constitution to be submitted to the body. These came to be known, as the media put it, as the
5188:
4650:
4463:
4348:
4343:
3355:
2279:
2247:
1194:
1171:
1152:
983:
2219:(which ensures greater political consensus). The creation of this statute cannot be delegated to the executive power.
5276:
4716:
4488:
3747:
3388:
1166:
2983:
Article 128 allows the State to intervene in corporate affairs to restrict monopolies or serve the public interest.
2271:. This scope of additional protection reinforces the guarantees of the due process of law, including the process of
1442:), a preamble, several additional and interim provisions, a series of repeals, and it ends with a final provision.
30:
This article is about the constitution currently in force in Spain. For other historical Spanish constitutions, see
5029:
4868:
4367:
3427:
2625:
2366:
which the King only formally and symbolically ratifies. This is done through a procedure or institution called the
2061:
Section One (Sections 15 to 29) includes an enumeration of fundamental rights and public freedoms. This section is
1184:
781:
525:
491:
468:
3337:
3239:
has still requested an amendment to be made to the Constitution to abolish it firmly and explicitly in all cases.
241:
5659:
5644:
5291:
5234:
5104:
5056:
5051:
5024:
4987:
4893:
4731:
4683:
4575:
4570:
4252:
3057:
2675:
1658:
1346:
1301:
1179:
1035:
1030:
1025:
919:
743:
681:
606:
383:
2599:, with the former being privileged above the latter, in contrast with other upper chambers, such as the Italian
4757:
4275:
4223:
3586:
3326:
2803:
of the Congress of Deputies, or the resignation or death of the Prime Minister. The dismissed Government holds
2749:
2600:
2268:
2126:
Section Two of Chapter Two (Sections 30 to 38) includes a list of civic rights and duties. Section 30 includes
1357:
1131:
835:
596:
554:
539:
378:
158:
31:
5306:
5124:
4898:
4688:
4535:
4326:
4296:
3443:
2621:
2418:
2283:
2243:
1904:
Guarantee democratic life within the Constitution and the laws according to a just economic and social order.
1873:
1672:
1404:
1400:
1231:
1008:
878:
601:
350:
3550:
3510:
3141:
2964:
2920:
2564:
2495:
2451:
1998:
1367:
5229:
5193:
5019:
4693:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4291:
3601:
3022:, including the definition of Spain itself as a "Social and Democratic State, subject to the rule of law" (
2818:
2718:
2692:
1735:
1664:
1642:, which oversees the constitutionality of all laws and protects the fundamental rights enshrined in Part I.
1639:
1480:
1241:
912:
701:
583:
479:
335:
199:
1929:
Collaborate in the strengthening of peaceful and efficient cooperation among all the peoples of the Earth.
5296:
4820:
3242:
2782:
2662:
818:
733:
611:
413:
212:
3113:. Article 155 gave Spanish Prime Minister Rajoy the power to remove secessionist politicians, including
3096:
2744:
Section 98 states that the Government shall be composed of the President (referred to in English as the
5156:
4853:
4783:
4635:
4605:
4565:
4545:
4525:
4428:
4231:
4190:
4096:
3007:
2134:(this section has been inactive since 2002). Section 31 establishes a progressive and non-confiscatory
1294:
1109:
1102:
418:
2467:
If some person with rights of succession marries against the will of the King or Queen regnant or the
5550:
5330:
5256:
5002:
4946:
4941:
4721:
4540:
4171:
3574:
3294:
3225:
3002:
Communities in conformity with the provisions contained in this Title and in the respective Statutes.
2629:
1596:
1156:
840:
707:
621:
2065:, meaning it is extremely difficult to modify or repeal, in order to prevent the establishment of a
1859:
The Constitution contains 169 articles as well as a number of additional and transitory provisions.
884:
589:
5525:
5171:
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2501:
the absence of these, the oldest relative of legal age who is nearest in succession to the Crown.
2479:
shall decide who will be the new King or Queen attending to the general interests of the country.
2314:
The Constitution dedicates its Part II to the regulation of the monarchy, which is referred to as
2306:
1891:
1569:, establishing that justice emanates from the people and is administered on behalf of the king by
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5286:
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3426:
The People's Party attempted to reject the admission into the Cortes of the 2005 reform of the
2866:
2147:
2131:
2099:
1500:
1246:
790:
748:
150:
87:
5067:
4117:"Spain amends its constitution to replace term 'handicapped' with 'persons with a disability'"
3573:, attempted to reform the Senate based on three tiers of autonomous communities. However, the
3412:
3253:
launched a campaign in 2015 to amend the article 53 so that it extends the same protection to
1616:
model, with some differences from federal states. This is referred to as an autonomous state (
962:
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5377:
5352:
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4023:
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3434:
The amended Autonomy Statute of Catalonia has also been legally contested by the surrounding
3236:
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2159:
1921:
Promote the progress of culture and the economy to ensure a dignified quality of life for all
1757:
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138:
121:
3018:
The Spanish Constitution is one of the few Bill of Rights that has legal provisions for
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shall specify the territorial area to which the effects of the proclamation shall apply.
1789:
1539:, the executive power, and the Public Administration, which is managed by the executive.
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154:
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Chapter Three includes Sections 39 to 52. They lay out the foundations of the Spanish
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shall appoint a guardian who must comply with the same requirements as to be regent.
2295:
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2192:
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2143:
2135:
2091:
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1493:, which is vested in the Spanish people, "from whom the powers of the State emanate".
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that provides for their specific problems of health, housing, culture and leisure."
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Article 115 deals with the mechanisms of how and when Congress, the Senate, or the
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994:
651:
644:
126:
4153:"Admitidos los recursos de Aragón, Valencia y Baleares contra el Estatuto catalán"
2795:
Section 101 states that the Government is dismissed after a general election, the
2699:
insofar as it may exert limited control and review powers over the lower chamber.
2238:. It acts as a supervisor of administrative activity. In addition to this, it has
1352:
The current version was approved in 1978, three years after the death of dictator
531:
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5465:
5261:
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4888:
4286:
4070:
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has those alleged breaches and its actual compliance with the Constitution under
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Elisa Roller. University of Manchester. West European Politics Volume 25. 2002
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1952:
1814:
1706:
1577:
who are independent, irrevocable, liable and subject to the rule of law only.
1361:
869:
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4097:"Spain's main parties agree constitutional amendment capping public deficit"
5618:
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4390:
3757:
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2127:
2038:
1915:
1869:
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are appointed and dismissed by the King by the Prime Minister's proposal.
2086:(Section 17), honour, privacy and inviolability of the home (Section 18),
5558:
5455:
4848:
4244:
3274:
3033:
Other constitutional provisions recognize the right to adequate housing,
2830:
2115:
1960:
1908:
1747:
1464:
1460:
3538:
3498:
3129:
2986:
Deficits and debt shall not exceed standards set by the European Union.
2952:
2908:
2552:
2402:
1986:
321:
4191:"Solbes rechaza vincular la nueva financiaciĂłn a las balanzas fiscales"
3329: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3250:
3034:
2139:
1613:
1574:
300:
82:
2326:). Article 56 of the Constitution establishes that the monarch is the
1914:
Protect all Spaniards and all the peoples of Spain in the exercise of
5412:
5119:
2834:
2406:
1956:
1599:
and the principles that shall guide the approval of the state budget.
1380:
political, social and historical changes, gradually transforming the
460:
145:
4137:
3304:
4838:
3046:
2103:
1682:
A seven-member panel was selected among the elected members of the
3273:. After that, the campaign seeks another 24 amendments protecting
1376:
of Spain) on 29 December, the date on which it became effective.
4768:
4121:
4101:
2845:
Part V: relations between the Cortes Generales and the government
2178:
Chapter Three: Governing Principles of Economic and Social Policy
1941:
approve and the Spanish people ratify the following Constitution.
1472:
1468:
27:
Principles, institutions and law of political governance in Spain
4053:"Katalonien und der Streit mit Madrid: Was Artikel 155 bedeutet"
4394:
3471:
3012:
2811:
1896:. The full text of the preamble may be translated as follows:
4799:
2748:), the Vice Presidents if any (referred to in English as the
1864:
1721:
Each of the Spanish parties had its recommendation to voters.
1570:
1338:
4237:
The constitution on the Boletin Oficial del Estado's website
3231:
While the current version of the Constitution restricts the
2591:, the Spanish legislature. It consists of two chambers: the
2508:
If there is no person entitled to exercise the regency, the
2374:" in the official English translation of the constitution).
2203:
Chapter Four: Guarantees for Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
2142:
are laid out in Section 32. Chapter Two also deals with the
1918:, their cultures and traditions, languages and institutions.
2770:
2765:, then choose one of them to face an investiture vote. The
1387:
The Constitution was redacted, debated and approved by the
858:
3207:
the amendment is approved by the people in a referendum.
3204:
two-thirds of each new House approves the amendment, and
2397:
2094:(Section 20). The list of collective rights include the
1977:
1545:
refers to the relations between the Government and the
4170:
PĂ©rez, Claudi; Arco, Serafi del (September 22, 2007).
1663:
The constitutional history of Spain dates back to the
4224:
Government of Spain website: The Spanish Constitution
3569:
In the late 1990s, the Catalonian nationalist party,
3117:, the Catalan leader, and directly rule from Madrid.
2345:
other titles that are associated to the Spanish Crown
3932:"¿Cuán inmune es el Rey de España ante la justicia?"
2025:
3164:
3085:
or to protect the above-mentioned general interest.
2044:
1828:on 31 October 1978, and by the Spanish people in a
1551:; as a parliamentary monarchy, the Prime Minister (
3288:
2518:again, the parent loses the guardianship, and the
1515:and lays out the King's role in the Spanish state.
4208:Reforming the Spanish Senate: Mission Impossible?
4039:"Katalonien-Konflikt: Spaniens "nukleare Option""
2943:
5631:
3890:
3881:
3120:
2829:, and the obligation of the Government to grant
2737:, the civil and military administration and the
1710:Copy of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 in the
3969:
3967:
3224:. The second time, in August/September 2011, a
3198:two-thirds of each House approve the amendment,
2989:
2496:Monarchy of Spain § Succession and regency
2452:Monarchy of Spain § Succession and regency
2386:. Without the refrendo, the King's actions are
1463:, which advocates as the highest values of its
1364:on 27 December, before it was published in the
2807:powers until a new Government is inaugurated.
2777:vote of the Congress of Deputies in the first
1925:Establish an advanced democratic society, and
1788:The writer (and Senator by Royal appointment)
1583:refers to the principles that shall guide the
4784:
4375:
4260:
4135:
4021:
2850:
2817:Sections 103 to 107 stablish the role of the
2760:
2584:
2531:
2519:
2509:
2474:
2468:
2427:
2410:
2231:
2230:), accountable to the legislative power, the
1935:
1889:
1821:
1807:
1795:
1692:
1684:
1546:
1522:
1503:as the "political form of the Spanish state".
1365:
1358:constitutions and constitution-like documents
1302:
4172:"Solbes cuadra un sudoku de 23.000 millones"
3964:
3201:elections are called immediately thereafter,
2583:Part III (Sections 66 to 96) deals with the
2211:, which excludes administrative regulation (
2057:Section One, fundamental rights and freedoms
1951:Section 1. Spain is hereby established as a
1426:The Constitution is organized in ten parts (
4389:
2162:(Section 37). This Section also guarantees
1911:as an expression of the will of the people.
1434:) and contains an additional introduction (
4791:
4777:
4382:
4368:
4274:
4267:
4253:
2785:to both chambers is automatically called.
2445:
1309:
1295:
4327:Fundamental Laws of the Realm (1938–1977)
4169:
3389:Learn how and when to remove this message
2122:Section two, other rights and obligations
1341:. It was enacted after its approval in a
762:Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain
3990:
3988:
3742:. Oxford University Press. p. 177.
3185:
3011:Monument to the Constitution of 1978 in
3006:
2733:, which runs the country's domestic and
2712:
2535:
2417:during the proclamation ceremony at the
2401:
2305:
2222:Section 54 calls for the creation of an
1716:
1705:
1236:Spanish constitutional crisis of 2017–18
3728:
3529:
3070:2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis
2643:
2605:Each chamber is provided with internal
2049:Chapter Two begins with Section 14, an
1521:elaborates on Spain's legislature, the
1455:states that "Spain is established as a
1345:; it represents the culmination of the
14:
5632:
4129:
3614:
3489:
3176:
3170:cannot propose an amendment directly.
3028:Estado social y democrático de derecho
2890:Spanish air traffic controllers strike
2702:
1209:Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain
5062:Natural Sites of Community Importance
4772:
4363:
4248:
4188:
4026:, Miguel Herrero y RodrĂguez de Miñón
3997:
3985:
3577:government suspended these attempts.
3052:Thanks to the political influence of
2899:
2888:declared twice: once in 2010 for the
2767:President of the Congress of Deputies
2398:King's functions in the Spanish state
2384:President of the Congress of Deputies
2130:with guarantees and alternatives for
1978:Part I: fundamental rights and duties
1820:The constitution was approved by the
1607:territorial organization of the State
1459:and democratic state, subject to the
891:Deputy Governor of the Bank of Spain
3734:
3533:
3493:
3327:adding citations to reliable sources
3298:
3190:Three parts of the Constitution are
3124:
3095:This wording is almost identical to
2947:
2903:
2547:
1981:
1945:
617:Spanish prime-ministerial transition
5541:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
4024:"La elaboraciĂłn de la ConstituciĂłn"
3074:Catalan declaration of independence
2170:which can be subject to government
1854:
1813:(yellow) in the description of the
1742:Miguel Herrero y RodrĂguez de Miñón
230:Miguel Herrero y RodrĂguez de Miñón
24:
4798:
4189:PĂ©rez, Claudi (December 2, 2007).
4063:
3111:unilaterally declared independence
2609:powers for governance, a Speaker (
1565:refers to the organization of the
1417:constructive vote of no confidence
1410:
1195:Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
25:
5681:
4217:
2289:
2252:individual appeals for protection
2118:is covered by Sections 24 to 26.
2026:Chapter One: Spaniards and Aliens
1907:Consolidate a State ensuring the
1847:) on 6 December has since been a
3537:
3497:
3303:
3165:Part X: constitutional amendment
3128:
2951:
2907:
2626:General Council of the Judiciary
2551:
2343:), but he is allowed to use any
2262:individual appeal for protection
2090:and residence (Section 19), and
2045:Chapter Two: Rights and Freedoms
1985:
1266:
1185:Dictatorship of Francisco Franco
782:General Council of the Judiciary
492:Succession to the Spanish throne
320:
291:
45:
40:Constitution of Kingdom of Spain
5105:Autonomous communities of Spain
4201:
4182:
4163:
4145:
4109:
4089:
4045:
4031:
4015:
4006:
3976:
3955:
3946:
3924:
3899:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3845:
3836:
3827:
3703:
3689:
3679:
3669:
3659:
3314:needs additional citations for
3289:Reform of the autonomy statutes
1659:Spanish transition to democracy
1347:Spanish transition to democracy
1180:Spanish transition to democracy
744:Bureaus of the Cortes Generales
607:Government Delegated Committees
384:Spanish transition to democracy
236:José Pedro Pérez-Llorca Rodrigo
5516:National and regional identity
4338:Unadopted draft constitutions:
3818:
3809:
3800:
3791:
3782:
3773:
3764:
3587:List of constitutions of Spain
3419:) to reform the status of the
3063:
2994:
2944:Part VII: economy and taxation
2858:
2269:European Court of Human Rights
2074:Individual rights include the
1701:Union of the Democratic Centre
1667:. After the death of dictator
1624:) or state of the autonomies (
1132:Politics of the European Union
32:List of constitutions of Spain
13:
1:
4105:(in Spanish). 26 August 2011.
3934:(in Spanish). 26 October 2012
3721:
3444:Constitutional Court of Spain
3428:Autonomy Statute of Catalonia
3211:
3121:Part IX: Constitutional Court
2837:decisions and to fulfill any
2419:Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid
2084:right to freedom and security
1874:Fundamental Laws of the Realm
1405:Fundamental Laws of the Realm
1232:Catalan independence movement
879:Governor of the Bank of Spain
242:Gregorio Peces-Barba MartĂnez
3602:Rule according to higher law
2990:Part VIII: territorial model
2892:, and in March 2020 for the
2819:General State Administration
2788:Section 100 states that the
2719:Council of Ministers (Spain)
2310:King Felipe's royal insignia
2191:, a social security system,
1511:refers to the regulation of
1356:. There have been dozens of
1242:Disputed status of Gibraltar
480:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
371:Inmaculada Montalbán Huertas
297:Spanish Constitution of 1978
7:
5536:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
3580:
3243:Amnesty International Spain
2663:proportional representation
2354:
2280:unconstitutionality appeals
2248:unconstitutionality appeals
1883:
1868:s and the aftermath of the
1403:. It then repealed all the
913:Administrative subdivisions
632:Economic and Social Council
612:Interministerial Committees
213:Fathers of the Constitution
10:
5686:
5670:Political history of Spain
4349:Draft Constitution of 1873
4344:Draft Constitution of 1856
4071:"Catalonia's longest week"
3912:(in Spanish). 21 June 2014
3442:. As of January 2008, the
3408:The plan conducted by the
3292:
3067:
2706:
2532:Part III: Cortes Generales
2493:
2489:
2449:
2409:takes the oath before the
2358:
2299:
2293:
1656:
1652:
1595:. It also establishes the
1384:into a democratic state.
1368:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
29:
5591:
5549:
5441:
5338:
5329:
5215:
5206:
5100:
5091:
4978:
4969:
4914:
4819:
4810:
4750:
4702:
4664:
4401:
4282:
4142:. Official campaign site.
3712:system of social services
3295:List of autonomy statutes
3226:balanced budget amendment
2851:
2761:
2668:
2613:) and a Governing Board (
2585:
2520:
2510:
2475:
2469:
2428:
2411:
2232:
2156:professional associations
1849:national holiday in Spain
1822:
1805:-colored") for the plain
1694:padres de la ConstituciĂłn
1547:
1523:
1343:constitutional referendum
622:List of agencies in Spain
290:
285:
205:
195:
187:
177:
172:
144:
132:
120:
108:
98:
93:
81:
71:
61:
53:
44:
39:
5194:Wars and armed conflicts
4834:Ancient History Timeline
3695:Article 43 states: "The
3607:
3592:Constitutional economics
3265:as to other rights like
3058:Communist Party of Spain
3039:social welfare provision
2680:Senators are elected by
2154:(Section 35), to create
2146:(Section 33), to create
1872:, as well as all of the
1630:Estado de las AutonomĂas
1419:, which was inspired by
1399:) that emerged from the
894:Margarita Delgado Tejero
512:Government of the Nation
220:Gabriel Cisneros Laborda
4894:Transition to democracy
4869:Reaction and revolution
4287:Bayonne Statute of 1808
4197:– via elpais.com.
4178:– via elpais.com.
3740:Modern Spain, 1875–1980
3638:Espainiako Konstituzioa
3338:"Constitution of Spain"
2676:autonomous communities.
2601:Senate of the Republic.
2446:Succession to the Crown
2421:the 19th of June, 2014.
2333:international relations
2302:King Felipe VI of Spain
2132:conscientious objectors
1736:José Pedro Pérez-Llorca
1557:Presidente del Gobierno
1251:Second Spanish Republic
5660:Legal history of Spain
5645:Constitutions of Spain
5484:International Interest
5292:Science and technology
4988:Autonomous communities
4444:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4276:Constitutions of Spain
4136:
4022:
3654:Constitucion espanhòla
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3436:Autonomous Communities
3027:
3015:
2750:Deputy Prime Ministers
2722:
2697:National Diet of Japan
2545:
2422:
2340:
2323:
2311:
1959:State, subject to the
1943:
1936:
1890:
1845:DĂa de la ConstituciĂłn
1844:
1808:
1796:
1725:The members included:
1722:
1714:
1693:
1685:
1629:
1621:
1591:in the framework of a
1556:
1501:parliamentary monarchy
1439:
1431:
1396:
1366:
1330:
1247:Republicanism in Spain
920:Autonomous communities
885:Pablo Hernández de Cos
836:High courts of justice
819:Francisco MarĂn Castán
749:Board of Spokespersons
602:Government Delegations
590:Sánchez III Government
379:Constitutional history
159:High courts of justice
151:Supreme Court of Spain
88:Parliamentary monarchy
5521:National Day of Spain
4297:Royal Statute of 1834
3646:ConstituciĂł Espanyola
3630:Constitución Española
3571:Convergence and Union
3293:Further information:
3237:Amnesty International
3186:Entrenched provisions
3010:
2725:Section 97 vests the
2716:
2539:
2460:and his dynasty, the
2405:
2309:
2160:collective bargaining
2110:(Section 27) and the
2080:freedom of conscience
1898:
1892:Enrique Tierno Galván
1758:Manuel Fraga Iribarne
1748:Miquel Roca i Junyent
1720:
1709:
1675:in 1977 convened the
1401:1977 general election
1397:Cortes Constituyentes
1331:Constitución Española
866:European Central Bank
659:15th Cortes Generales
540:Deputy Prime Minister
362:Cándido Conde-Pumpido
272:Miquel Roca i Junyent
262:Manuel Fraga Iribarne
5125:Constitutional Court
4332:Constitution of 1978
4322:Constitution of 1931
4317:Constitution of 1876
4312:Constitution of 1869
4307:Constitution of 1845
4302:Constitution of 1837
4292:Constitution of 1812
4159:. November 15, 2006.
3530:Reform of the Senate
3403:Statutes of Autonomy
3323:improve this article
2841:to the individuals.
2693:House of Councillors
2644:Congress of Deputies
2622:Constitutional Court
2593:Congress of Deputies
2542:Congress of Deputies
2284:Constitutional Court
2244:Constitutional Court
2158:(Section 36) and to
2138:. The principles of
2100:right of association
1768:Gregorio Peces-Barba
1712:Congress of Deputies
1665:Constitution of 1812
1640:Constitutional Court
1491:national sovereignty
1389:constituent assembly
1323:Spanish Constitution
846:Prosecution Ministry
739:Permanent Deputation
734:Parliamentary groups
702:Congress of Deputies
584:Council of Ministers
351:Constitutional Court
200:Congress of Deputies
167:Prosecution Ministry
94:Government structure
18:Spanish Constitution
5068:Plazas de soberanĂa
4665:States with limited
4138:Blinda tus derechos
3490:Proposed amendments
3413:Juan José Ibarretxe
3177:Ordinary provisions
2825:organizations, the
2731:Government of Spain
2709:Government of Spain
2703:Part IV: government
2265:(recurso de amparo)
2255:(recurso de amparo)
2228:Defensor del Pueblo
2088:freedom of movement
2051:equal rights clause
1537:Government of Spain
1481:political pluralism
1115:Diplomatic missions
963:Plazas de soberanĂa
900:Royal Mint of Spain
551:MarĂa JesĂşs Montero
73:Date effective
5297:Telecommunications
4998:Biosphere Reserves
4899:Contemporary Spain
4889:Spain under Franco
4829:Prehistoric Iberia
4125:. 18 January 2024.
4059:. 19 October 2017.
4041:. 27 October 2017.
3549:. You can help by
3509:. You can help by
3140:. You can help by
3108:Catalan Parliament
3016:
2963:. You can help by
2919:. You can help by
2900:Part VI: judiciary
2723:
2653:and the cities of
2563:. You can help by
2546:
2458:King Juan Carlos I
2423:
2312:
2116:due process of law
2114:(Section 28). The
2108:right to education
2068:legal dictatorship
1997:. You can help by
1933:Consequently, the
1723:
1715:
1677:Constituent Cortes
1374:government gazette
1190:Anarchism in Spain
830:Audiencia Nacional
754:People's Defender
414:Capital punishment
155:Audiencia Nacional
5627:
5626:
5587:
5586:
5511:Myths and legends
5479:National Interest
5325:
5324:
5277:Largest companies
5202:
5201:
5189:Political parties
5157:Foreign relations
5087:
5086:
5035:Iberian Peninsula
4983:Autonomous cities
4965:
4964:
4766:
4765:
4357:
4356:
4077:. 4 November 2017
3597:Constitutionalism
3567:
3566:
3527:
3526:
3440:cultural heritage
3399:
3398:
3391:
3373:
3222:Maastricht Treaty
3158:
3157:
3115:Carles Puigdemont
3078:federal execution
3054:Santiago Carrillo
3043:health protection
2981:
2980:
2937:
2936:
2894:COVID-19 pandemic
2775:absolute majority
2630:Court of Auditors
2581:
2580:
2296:Monarchy of Spain
2193:public healthcare
2144:right to property
2104:right of suffrage
2096:right of assembly
2092:freedom of speech
2015:
2014:
1946:Preliminary Title
1622:Estado AutonĂłmico
1597:Court of Accounts
1440:TĂtulo Preliminar
1319:
1318:
1200:Spanish Civil War
1153:Political parties
1110:Foreign relations
1103:Foreign relations
988:Recent elections
984:Political parties
942:Autonomous cities
841:Court of Auditors
725:Francina Armengol
419:Life imprisonment
313:Politics of Spain
306:
305:
163:Court of Auditors
16:(Redirected from
5677:
5607:
5600:
5336:
5335:
5267:Financial crisis
5257:Economic history
5213:
5212:
5130:Cortes Generales
5098:
5097:
5040:Peninsular Spain
4976:
4975:
4927:Pre-Roman Iberia
4922:General overview
4817:
4816:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4770:
4769:
4703:Dependencies and
4402:Sovereign states
4384:
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3494:
3464:Finance Minister
3410:Basque president
3394:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3331:
3307:
3299:
3153:
3150:
3132:
3125:
3101:German Basic Law
2976:
2973:
2955:
2948:
2932:
2929:
2911:
2904:
2854:
2853:
2852:Cortes Generales
2839:public liability
2827:Council of State
2783:general election
2764:
2763:
2762:Cortes Generales
2757:political groups
2739:national defense
2689:Senate of Canada
2590:
2589:
2587:Cortes Generales
2576:
2573:
2555:
2548:
2523:
2522:
2521:Cortes Generales
2513:
2512:
2511:Cortes Generales
2478:
2477:
2476:Cortes Generales
2472:
2471:
2470:Cortes Generales
2433:
2432:
2430:Cortes Generales
2416:
2415:
2413:Cortes Generales
2237:
2236:
2234:Cortes Generales
2166:and calls for a
2164:economic freedom
2010:
2007:
1989:
1982:
1939:
1895:
1878:Francoist period
1855:Content in-depth
1837:Constitution Day
1827:
1826:
1824:Cortes Generales
1811:
1799:
1790:Camilo José Cela
1730:Gabriel Cisneros
1696:
1688:
1673:general election
1669:Francisco Franco
1589:private property
1550:
1549:
1548:Cortes Generales
1528:
1527:
1525:Cortes Generales
1421:German Basic Law
1382:Francoist regime
1371:
1354:Francisco Franco
1339:Kingdom of Spain
1311:
1304:
1297:
1275:
1273:Spain portal
1271:
1270:
1269:
757:
711:
678:
662:
652:Cortes Generales
627:Council of State
469:Heir presumptive
324:
308:
307:
295:
294:
191:15 February 2024
77:29 December 1978
49:
37:
36:
21:
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5603:
5596:
5583:
5578:Toro de Osborne
5545:
5526:Public holidays
5437:
5398:Life expectancy
5321:
5287:Property bubble
5198:
5083:
4961:
4957:Spanish miracle
4910:
4884:Second Republic
4806:
4797:
4767:
4762:
4746:
4704:
4698:
4684:Northern Cyprus
4666:
4660:
4576:North Macedonia
4397:
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4353:
4278:
4273:
4239:
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3891:
3887:Art. 161.1.a CE
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3778:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3750:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3708:
3704:
3697:right to health
3694:
3690:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3660:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3583:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3547:needs expansion
3532:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3507:needs expansion
3492:
3479:Francisco Camps
3448:judicial review
3395:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3332:
3330:
3320:
3308:
3297:
3291:
3263:cultural rights
3214:
3188:
3179:
3167:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3138:needs expansion
3123:
3080:
3066:
2997:
2992:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2961:needs expansion
2946:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2917:needs expansion
2902:
2861:
2847:
2823:law enforcement
2727:executive power
2711:
2705:
2671:
2646:
2597:Senate of Spain
2577:
2571:
2568:
2561:needs expansion
2534:
2498:
2492:
2462:Bourbon dynasty
2454:
2448:
2400:
2363:
2357:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2205:
2197:cultural rights
2180:
2128:military duties
2112:right to strike
2047:
2033:age of majority
2028:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1995:needs expansion
1980:
1948:
1886:
1857:
1778:Jordi Solé Tura
1661:
1655:
1605:refers to the "
1467:the following:
1413:
1411:Content summary
1315:
1286:
1282:Other countries
1267:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1256:
1228:
1176:
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1137:
1136:
1105:
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1094:
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979:
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904:
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868:
861:
851:
850:
786:
785:
777:
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766:
755:
705:
672:
664:
663:
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655:
647:
637:
636:
516:
515:
507:
497:
496:
445:
444:
441:Royal Household
436:
426:
425:
368:Vice President
338:
315:
292:
281:
252:Jordi Solé Tura
216:
215:
165:
161:
157:
153:
67:6 December 1978
57:31 October 1978
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5683:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5665:1978 documents
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5609:
5608:
5601:
5593:
5592:
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5584:
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5569:
5568:Cultural icons
5566:
5561:
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5186:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5145:Prime Minister
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5064:
5059:
5057:National parks
5054:
5052:Municipalities
5049:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5032:
5027:
5025:Extreme points
5022:
5017:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4932:Spanish Empire
4929:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4874:First Republic
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4844:Medieval Spain
4841:
4839:Roman Hispania
4836:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4814:
4808:
4807:
4796:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4773:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4758:European Union
4754:
4752:
4751:Other entities
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4705:other entities
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4651:United Kingdom
4648:
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4464:Czech Republic
4461:
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4279:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4234:
4229:
4219:
4218:External links
4216:
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4162:
4144:
4128:
4108:
4088:
4062:
4044:
4030:
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3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3582:
3579:
3575:People's Party
3565:
3564:
3544:
3542:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3504:
3502:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3475:
3421:Basque Country
3417:Ibarretxe Plan
3397:
3396:
3311:
3309:
3302:
3290:
3287:
3283:social justice
3247:Oxfam IntermĂłn
3218:European Union
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3166:
3163:
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2942:
2935:
2934:
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2901:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2867:state of alarm
2860:
2857:
2846:
2843:
2833:, to abide by
2797:loss of supply
2746:Prime Minister
2735:foreign policy
2707:Main article:
2704:
2701:
2682:limited voting
2670:
2667:
2645:
2642:
2579:
2578:
2558:
2556:
2533:
2530:
2494:Main article:
2491:
2488:
2450:Main article:
2447:
2444:
2399:
2396:
2380:Prime Minister
2372:countersigning
2359:Main article:
2356:
2353:
2294:Main article:
2291:
2290:Part II: Crown
2288:
2204:
2201:
2189:pension system
2179:
2176:
2174:(Section 38).
2168:market economy
2150:(Section 34),
2124:
2123:
2106:(Section 23),
2102:(Section 22),
2098:(Section 21),
2082:(Section 16),
2078:(Section 15),
2059:
2058:
2046:
2043:
2027:
2024:
2013:
2012:
1992:
1990:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1947:
1944:
1931:
1930:
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1657:Main article:
1654:
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1638:refers to the
1633:
1600:
1593:market economy
1578:
1567:judicial power
1560:
1540:
1535:refers to the
1530:
1516:
1506:
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1144:Related topics
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957:Municipalities
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896:
895:
889:
888:
887:
863:
862:
857:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
843:
838:
833:
826:
825:
824:
823:
822:
814:Vice President
811:
810:
809:
807:Isabel PerellĂł
779:
778:
773:
772:
769:
768:
765:
764:
759:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
730:
729:
728:
727:
698:
697:
696:
695:
694:
649:
648:
643:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
593:
592:
580:
579:
578:
568:
558:
536:
535:
534:
521:Prime Minister
509:
508:
503:
502:
499:
498:
495:
494:
489:
484:
483:
482:
465:
464:
463:
438:
437:
432:
431:
428:
427:
424:
423:
422:
421:
416:
411:
406:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
375:
374:
373:
372:
366:
365:
364:
347:
339:
334:
333:
330:
329:
326:
325:
317:
316:
311:
304:
303:
288:
287:
283:
282:
280:
279:
269:
259:
249:
239:
233:
227:
211:
210:
209:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
181:
175:
174:
170:
169:
148:
142:
141:
136:
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
102:
96:
95:
91:
90:
85:
79:
78:
75:
69:
68:
65:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5682:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5655:1978 in Spain
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5580:
5579:
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5573:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
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5554:
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5548:
5542:
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5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5250:median income
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5120:Head of State
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4864:Enlightenment
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4794:
4789:
4787:
4782:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4717:Faroe Islands
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4689:South Ossetia
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:Liechtenstein
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4391:Constitutions
4385:
4380:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4265:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4209:
4204:
4196:
4192:
4185:
4177:
4173:
4166:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4040:
4034:
4027:
4025:
4018:
4009:
4000:
3991:
3989:
3979:
3970:
3968:
3958:
3949:
3933:
3927:
3908:
3902:
3896:Art. 162.1 CE
3893:
3884:
3875:
3866:
3860:Art. 17.4 CE,
3857:
3848:
3839:
3830:
3821:
3812:
3803:
3794:
3785:
3776:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3749:9780192158284
3745:
3741:
3737:
3736:Carr, Raymond
3731:
3727:
3713:
3706:
3698:
3692:
3682:
3672:
3662:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3561:
3552:
3548:
3545:This section
3543:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3521:
3512:
3508:
3505:This section
3503:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3393:
3390:
3382:
3379:December 2013
3371:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340: –
3339:
3335:
3334:Find sources:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3312:This section
3310:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:death penalty
3229:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3183:
3174:
3171:
3162:
3152:
3143:
3139:
3136:This section
3134:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3020:social rights
3014:
3009:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2987:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2962:
2959:This section
2957:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2931:
2922:
2918:
2915:This section
2913:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2865:Section 1. A
2863:
2862:
2856:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2808:
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2798:
2793:
2791:
2786:
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2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2758:
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2751:
2747:
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2732:
2728:
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2683:
2678:
2677:
2666:
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2641:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2575:
2566:
2562:
2559:This section
2557:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2543:
2538:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2487:
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2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2404:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2388:null and void
2385:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2341:Rey de España
2338:
2334:
2329:
2328:head of state
2325:
2321:
2317:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2273:habeas corpus
2270:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:statutory law
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2184:welfare state
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2076:right to life
2072:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2039:Legal persons
2036:
2034:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1993:This section
1991:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1928:
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1920:
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1881:
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1871:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1815:flag of Spain
1812:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1759:
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1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1362:Juan Carlos I
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1263:
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1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
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1211:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
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1178:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1154:
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1148:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:Referendums:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
996:
993:
992:
990:
989:
987:
985:
982:
981:
978:
973:
972:
965:
964:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
918:
917:
914:
909:
908:
901:
898:
893:
892:
890:
886:
883:
882:
881:
880:
876:
875:
872:
871:
870:Bank of Spain
867:
860:
855:
854:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
831:
827:
820:
817:
816:
815:
812:
808:
805:
804:
802:
798:
795:
794:
793:
792:
791:Supreme Court
788:
787:
784:
783:
776:
771:
770:
763:
760:
758:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
726:
723:
722:
720:
716:
713:
712:
709:
708:15th Congress
704:
703:
699:
693:
690:
689:
687:
683:
680:
679:
676:
671:
670:
666:
665:
660:
654:
653:
646:
641:
640:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
591:
588:
587:
586:
585:
581:
576:
572:
571:Teresa Ribera
569:
566:
562:
559:
556:
552:
549:
548:
546:
542:
541:
537:
533:
532:Pedro Sánchez
530:
529:
527:
523:
522:
518:
517:
514:
513:
506:
501:
500:
493:
490:
488:
485:
481:
478:
477:
475:
471:
470:
466:
462:
459:
458:
456:
452:
451:
447:
446:
443:
442:
435:
430:
429:
420:
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5640:Law of Spain
5577:
5564:Coat of arms
5461:Bullfighting
5451:Architecture
5418:Prostitution
5378:Homelessness
5353:Demographics
5307:Trade unions
5245:unemployment
5230:Car industry
5162:Human rights
5110:Constitution
5109:
5066:
5012:
4992:ranked lists
4904:1975–present
4694:Transnistria
4656:Vatican City
4625:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4240:(in English)
4227:(in English)
4203:
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4074:
4065:
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4012:Art. 68.3 CE
4008:
4003:Art. 68.2 CE
3999:
3994:Art. 68.1 CE
3978:
3973:Art. 72.2 CE
3961:Art. 72.1 CE
3957:
3952:Art. 66.1 CE
3948:
3936:. Retrieved
3926:
3914:. Retrieved
3901:
3892:
3883:
3878:Art. 24.2 CE
3874:
3869:Art. 24.1 CE
3865:
3856:
3851:Art. 82.1 CE
3847:
3842:Art. 53.3 CE
3838:
3833:Art. 53.1 CE
3829:
3824:STC 137/1985
3820:
3811:
3802:
3797:STC 139/1995
3793:
3788:STC 218/1988
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3555:
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3316:verification
3313:
3275:human rights
3241:
3230:
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1924:
1916:human rights
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1887:
1870:Carlist Wars
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582:
561:Yolanda DĂaz
538:
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510:
487:Royal family
467:
448:
439:
389:Human rights
349:
344:Constitution
343:
342:
336:Constitution
188:Last amended
5650:1978 in law
5383:Immigration
5373:Health care
5235:Communities
5220:Agriculture
5020:Earthquakes
4879:Restoration
4849:Reconquista
4732:Isle of Man
4667:recognition
4636:Switzerland
4571:Netherlands
4057:Der Spiegel
3815:STC 88/1995
3806:STC 53/1983
3779:STC 25/1981
3518:August 2018
3279:environment
3064:Article 155
2995:Article 143
2859:Article 116
2831:due process
2572:August 2018
2282:before the
2242:before the
2217:Organic Law
2213:reglamentos
2148:foundations
2006:August 2018
1961:rule of law
1909:rule of law
1671:in 1975, a
1575:magistrates
1497:Article 1.3
1487:Article 1.2
1465:legal order
1461:rule of law
1453:Article 1.1
1335:supreme law
930:Governments
756:(ombudsman)
675:15th Senate
645:Legislature
450:The Monarch
409:Nationality
5634:Categories
5501:Mass media
5496:Literature
5388:Irreligion
5368:Euthanasia
5358:Disability
5140:Government
5115:Corruption
4937:Golden Age
4606:San Marino
4566:Montenegro
4546:Luxembourg
4526:Kazakhstan
4429:Azerbaijan
4081:7 November
3982:Art. 75 CE
3770:Art. 10 CE
3722:References
3686:optional."
3415:(known as
3349:newspapers
3251:Greenpeace
3212:Amendments
3192:entrenched
3097:Article 37
3068:See also:
3035:employment
2801:confidence
2611:Presidente
2607:regulatory
2300:See also:
2140:family law
2136:tax system
2063:entrenched
1957:democratic
1830:referendum
1489:refers to
1004:2019 (Nov)
999:2019 (Apr)
935:Presidents
597:Ministries
301:Wikisource
179:Amendments
139:Government
5491:Languages
5393:Languages
5363:Education
5312:Transport
5152:Elections
5135:Judiciary
5074:Provinces
4971:Geography
4952:Civil War
4859:Expansion
4722:Gibraltar
4541:Lithuania
3938:9 January
3916:9 January
3700:respect."
2835:judiciary
2805:caretaker
2790:ministers
2779:roll call
2651:provinces
2634:Ombudsman
2407:Felipe VI
2324:La Corona
2316:The Crown
2246:to lodge
2224:Ombudsman
1603:Part VIII
1513:the Crown
1333:) is the
977:Elections
947:Provinces
797:President
775:Judiciary
505:Executive
461:Felipe VI
434:The Crown
357:President
286:Full text
206:Author(s)
146:Judiciary
134:Executive
127:Bicameral
5614:Category
5475:Fiestas
5423:Religion
5408:Pensions
5403:Naturism
5343:Abortion
5282:Taxation
5272:Forestry
5184:Monarchy
5179:Military
5172:Intersex
5093:Politics
5079:Wildlife
5014:Comarcas
4947:Military
4942:Economic
4915:By topic
4821:Timeline
4804:articles
4742:Svalbard
4727:Guernsey
4674:Abkhazia
4621:Slovenia
4616:Slovakia
4591:Portugal
4449:Bulgaria
4075:BBC News
3738:(1980).
3626:Galician
3581:See also
3255:economic
3047:pensions
2721:in 2014.
2632:and the
2595:and the
2368:refrendo
2355:Refrendo
2240:standing
2172:planning
1884:Preamble
1809:amarillo
1611:de facto
1581:Part VII
1519:Part III
1477:equality
1224:Galician
1125:in Spain
1120:of Spain
1047:European
1022:Regional
952:Comarcas
821:(acting)
404:Abortion
394:Taxation
196:Location
122:Chambers
100:Branches
63:Ratified
5598:Outline
5551:Symbols
5471:Cuisine
5443:Culture
5331:Society
5302:Tourism
5208:Economy
5047:Islands
5030:Forests
5008:Climate
5003:Borders
4812:History
4646:Ukraine
4596:Romania
4556:Moldova
4514:Ireland
4509:Iceland
4504:Hungary
4494:Germany
4489:Georgia
4479:Finland
4474:Estonia
4469:Denmark
4454:Croatia
4439:Belgium
4434:Belarus
4424:Austria
4419:Armenia
4414:Andorra
4409:Albania
4195:El PaĂs
4176:El PaĂs
4122:AP News
4102:El Pais
3758:6555498
3650:Occitan
3642:Catalan
3363:scholar
3271:freedom
3099:of the
3056:of the
3024:Spanish
2759:in the
2729:in the
2695:of the
2691:or the
2659:Melilla
2490:Regency
2337:Spanish
2320:Spanish
2152:to work
1841:Spanish
1703:(UCD).
1653:History
1636:Part IX
1626:Spanish
1618:Spanish
1614:federal
1585:economy
1563:Part VI
1553:Spanish
1533:Part IV
1509:Part II
1473:justice
1469:liberty
1436:Spanish
1432:TĂtulos
1428:Spanish
1393:Spanish
1337:of the
1327:Spanish
1219:Catalan
1167:Podemos
995:General
715:Speaker
682:Speaker
173:History
54:Created
5619:Portal
5559:Anthem
5466:Cinema
5413:People
5262:Energy
4802:
4737:Jersey
4679:Kosovo
4641:Turkey
4631:Sweden
4611:Serbia
4601:Russia
4586:Poland
4581:Norway
4561:Monaco
4531:Latvia
4499:Greece
4484:France
4459:Cyprus
4395:Europe
3756:
3746:
3634:Basque
3624:, and
3472:sudoku
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3336:
3277:, the
3259:social
3076:, and
3013:Madrid
2882:terms.
2821:, the
2812:pardon
2769:holds
2669:Senate
2628:, the
2624:, the
1953:social
1937:Cortes
1797:gualda
1686:Cortes
1646:Part X
1571:judges
1543:Part V
1457:social
1447:Part I
1214:Basque
669:Senate
565:second
83:System
5605:Index
5531:Sport
5506:Music
5433:Women
5348:Crime
5225:Banks
4854:Union
4800:Spain
4712:Ă…land
4626:Spain
4551:Malta
4521:Italy
3910:(PDF)
3608:Notes
3401:The "
3370:JSTOR
3356:books
2655:Ceuta
1865:fuero
1744:(UCD)
1738:(UCD)
1732:(UCD)
1372:(the
575:third
555:first
238:(UCD)
232:(UCD)
5572:Flag
5428:Time
5317:Wine
5167:LGBT
4083:2017
3940:2018
3918:2018
3754:OCLC
3744:ISBN
3342:news
3281:and
3267:life
3261:and
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2771:veto
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526:list
474:list
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246:PSOE
115:King
5456:Art
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