Saint Boniface - Knowledge

587: 6956: 860: 1361:. This otherworld vision describes how a violently ill monk is freed from his body and guided by angels to a place of judgment, where angels and devils fight over his soul as his sins and virtues come alive to accuse and defend him. He sees a hell of purgation full of pits vomiting flames. There is a bridge over a pitch-black boiling river. Souls either fall from it or safely reach the other side cleansed of their sins. This monk even sees some of his contemporary monks and is told to warn them to repent before they die. This vision bears signs of influence by the 70: 362: 729: 1121: 497: 966: 6968: 5681: 1807: 1819: 1831: 5693: 1795: 1664:

were mostly Catholic, in the first part of the 19th century the respect for Boniface in general was an ecumenical affair, with both Protestants and Catholics praising Boniface as a founder of the German nation, in response to the German nationalism that arose after the Napoleonic era came to an end. The second part of the 19th century saw increased tension between Catholics and Protestants; for the latter,

1656: 697:, organized by Carloman in an unknown location in April 743. Although Boniface was not able to safeguard the church from property seizures by the local nobility, he did achieve one goal, the adoption of stricter guidelines for the Frankish clergy, who often hailed directly from the nobility. After Carloman's resignation in 747 he maintained a sometimes turbulent relationship with the king of the Franks, 2243: 923:, describes how Ludger himself had built the church, sharing duties with two other priests. According to James Palmer, the well was of great importance since the saint's body was hundreds of miles away; the physicality of the well allowed for an ongoing connection with the saint. In addition, Boniface signified Dokkum's and Frisia's "connect to the rest of (Frankish) Christendom". 737: 565:. According to his early biographer Willibald, Boniface started to chop the oak down, when suddenly a great wind, by miracle, blew the ancient oak over. When the gods did not strike him down, the people were amazed and converted to Christianity. He built a church from its wood at the site—the church was the beginning of the monastery in Fritzlar. This account from the 480:, and many others. Around 716, when his abbot Wynberth of Nursling died, he was invited (or expected) to assume his position—it is possible that they were related, and the practice of hereditary right among the early Anglo-Saxons would affirm this. Winfrid, however, declined the position and in 716 set out on a 790:, now held as a Bonifacian relic in Fulda, and supposedly one of three books found on the field by the Christians who inspected it afterward. Of those three books, the Ragyndrudis Codex shows incisions that could have been made by sword or axe; its story appears confirmed in the Utrecht hagiography, the 638:(732), had rewarded many churches and monasteries with lands, but typically his supporters who held church offices were allowed to benefit from those possessions. Boniface would have to wait until the 740s before he could try to address this situation, in which Frankish church officials were essentially 779:

Having killed Boniface and his company, the Frisian bandits ransacked their possessions but found that the company's luggage did not contain the riches they had hoped for: "they broke open the chests containing the books and found, to their dismay, that they held manuscripts instead of gold vessels,

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The first German celebration on a fairly large scale was held in 1805 (the 1,050th anniversary of his death), followed by a similar celebration in a number of towns in 1855; both of these were predominantly Catholic affairs emphasizing the role of Boniface in German history. But if the celebrations

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Veneration of Boniface in Fulda began immediately after his death; his grave was equipped with a decorative tomb around ten years after his burial, and the grave and relics became the center of the abbey. Fulda monks prayed for newly elected abbots at the grave site before greeting them, and every

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In 2004, anniversary celebrations were held throughout Northwestern Germany and Utrecht, and Fulda and Mainz—generating a great amount of academic and popular interest. The event occasioned a number of scholarly studies, esp. biographies (for instance, by Auke Jelsma in Dutch, Lutz von Padberg in

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In 1954, celebrations were widespread in England, Germany, and the Netherlands, and a number of these celebrations were international affairs. Especially in Germany, these celebrations had a distinctly political note to them and often stressed Boniface as a kind of founder of Europe, such as when

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as archbishop with jurisdiction over what is now Germany. Boniface again set out for the German lands and continued his mission, but also used his authority to work on the relations between the papacy and the Frankish church. Rome wanted more control over that church, which it felt was much too

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Boniface engaged in regular correspondence with fellow churchmen all over Western Europe, including the three popes he worked with, and with some of his kinsmen back in England. Many of these letters contain questions about church reform and liturgical or doctrinal matters. In most cases, what

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Boniface's death (and birth) has given rise to a number of noteworthy celebrations. The dates for some of these celebrations have undergone some changes: in 1805, 1855, and 1905 (and in England in 1955) anniversaries were calculated with Boniface's death dated in 755, according to the "Mainz

1298:, Boniface's successor in Mainz, and were initially organized into two parts, a section containing the papal correspondence and another with his private letters. They were reorganized in the eighth century, in a roughly chronological ordering. Otloh of St. Emmeram, who worked on a new 1668:

had become the model German, the founder of the modern nation, and he and Boniface were in direct competition for the honor. In 1905, when strife between Catholic and Protestant factions had eased (one Protestant church published a celebratory pamphlet, Gerhard Ficker's

690:, and a supporter of Boniface's reform efforts in the Frankish church. Boniface himself explained to his old friend, Daniel of Winchester, that without the protection of Charles Martel he could "neither administer his church, defend his clergy, nor prevent idolatry". 1681:

by Gregor Richter and Carl Scherer. In all, the content of these early celebrations showed evidence of the continuing question about the meaning of Boniface for Germany, though the importance of Boniface in cities associated with him was without question.

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remains is one half of the conversation, either the question or the answer. The correspondence as a whole gives evidence of Boniface's widespread connections; some of the letters also prove an intimate relationship especially with female correspondents.

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of the abbey, was regarded as both spiritual intercessor for the monks and legal owner of the abbey and its possessions, and all donations to the abbey were done in his name. He was honored on the date of his martyrdom, 5 June (with a mass written by

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in Europe, and many of the dioceses he proposed remain today. After his martyrdom, he was quickly hailed as a saint in Fulda and other areas in Germania and in England. He is still venerated strongly today by Catholics in Germany and throughout the

720:(741).. By appointing his own followers as bishops, he was able to retain some independence from the Carolingians, who most likely were content to give him leeway as long as Christianity was imposed on the Saxons and other Germanic tribes. 1726:("The holy Boniface, bishop and martyr, 'signifies' the beginning of the gospel and the church in your country"). A photograph of the pope praying at Boniface's grave became the centerpiece of a prayer card distributed from the cathedral. 1749:

There is an extensive body of literature on the saint and his work. At the time of the various anniversaries, edited collections were published containing essays by some of the best-known scholars of the time, such as the 1954 collection

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notes the three roles Boniface played that made him "one of the truly outstanding creators of the first Europe, as the apostle of Germania, the reformer of the Frankish church, and the chief fomentor of the alliance between the

2449:: "The writer of the Life was a simple priest who had never come into direct contact with Boniface and what he says is based upon the facts that he was able to collect from those who had been Boniface's disciples." Talbot 24. 573:

leave out is that the action was most likely well-prepared and widely publicized in advance for maximum effect, and that Boniface had little reason to fear for his personal safety since the Frankish fortified settlement of

546:—he became a bishop without a diocese for an area that lacked any church organization. He would never return to England, though he remained in correspondence with his countrymen and kinfolk throughout his life. 609:

from 723 onwards. The Christian Frankish leaders desired to defeat their rival power, the pagan Saxons, and to incorporate the Saxon lands into their own growing empire. Boniface's campaign of destruction of

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The Anglo-Saxon Missionaries in Germany: Being the Lives of S.S. Willibrord, Boniface, Strum, Leoba and Lebuin, together with the Hodoeporicon of St. Willibald and a Selection from the Correspondence of St.

1630:, a list of rubrics that mention the heresies of Clemens and Aldebert. The relevant folios containing these rubrics were most likely copied in Mainz, Würzburg, or Fulda—all places associated with Boniface. 2492: 681:

not far from Boniface's earlier missionary outpost at Fritzlar. Although Sturm was the founding abbot of Fulda, Boniface was very involved in the foundation. The initial grant for the abbey was signed by

515:, the "Apostle to the Frisians", had been working since the 690s. He spent a year with Willibrord, preaching in the countryside, but their efforts were frustrated by the war then being carried on between 1647:'s dating of the martyrdom in 754 was not accepted until after 1955. Celebrations in Germany centered on Fulda and Mainz, in the Netherlands on Dokkum and Utrecht, and in England on Crediton and Exeter. 775:

mention that Boniface persuaded his (armed) comrades to lay down their arms: "Cease fighting. Lay down your arms, for we are told in Scripture not to render evil for evil but to overcome evil by good."

423:. In one of his letters Boniface mentions he was "born and reared... the synod of London", but he may have been speaking metaphorically. His English name is recorded as being Winfrid or Winfred. 1720:(held in Fulda since 1867). The pope next celebrated mass outside the cathedral, in front of an estimated crowd of 100,000, and hailed the importance of Boniface for German Christianity: 432:, Winfrid was of a respected and prosperous family. Against his father's wishes he devoted himself at an early age to the monastic life. He received further theological training in the 1716:

in November 1980, he spent two days in Fulda (17 and 18 November). He celebrated Mass in Fulda Cathedral with 30,000 gathered on the square in front of the building, and met with the

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describes how a visitor on horseback came to the site of the martyrdom, and a hoof of his horse got stuck in the mire. When it was pulled loose, a well sprang up. By the time of the

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There are 150 letters in what is generally called the Bonifatian correspondence, though not all them are by Boniface or addressed to him. They were assembled by order of archbishop

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after Boniface's death, around 765. Willibald's biography was widely dispersed; Levison lists some forty manuscripts. According to his lemma, a group of four manuscripts including

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was nearby. According to Willibald, Boniface later had a church with an attached monastery built in Fritzlar, on the site of the previously built chapel, according to tradition.

6744: 993:, located in Newcombes Meadow Park. There is also a series of paintings there by Timothy Moore. There are quite a few churches dedicated to St. Boniface in the United Kingdom: 3159:(2007). "'Geht hinaus in alle Welt...': Zum historischen Erbe und zur Gegenwartsbedeutung des hl. Bonifatius". In Franz J. Felten; Jörg Jarnut; Lutz E. von Padberg (eds.). 1612:

and Clement with heresy is preserved in the records of the Roman Council of 745 that condemned the two. Boniface had an interest in the Irish canon law collection known as

213:; England (Orthodox Church; jointly with Ss. Augustine of Canterbury, and Cuthbert of Lindisfarne. The Orthodox Church also recognises him as patron Saint of Germany); 1713: 1304:

of Boniface in the eleventh century, is credited with compiling the complete correspondence as we have it. Much of this correspondence comprises the first part of the

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Haarländer, Stephanie (2007). "Welcher Bonifatius soll es sein? Bemerkungen zu den Vitae Bonifatii". In Franz J. Felten; Jörg Jarnut; Lutz von Padberg (eds.).

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Listed second in Levison's edition is the entry from a late ninth-century Fulda document: Boniface's status as a martyr is attested by his inclusion in the

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Boniface's remains were moved from the Frisian countryside to Utrecht, and then to Mainz, where sources contradict each other regarding the behavior of

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published a number of biographies and articles on the saint focusing on his missionary praxis and his relics. The most authoritative biography remains

2331: 757:, and in 754 he set out with a retinue for Frisia. He baptized a great number and summoned a general meeting for confirmation at a place not far from 6659: 873: 334:. Boniface is celebrated as a missionary; he is regarded as a unifier of Europe, and he is regarded by German Roman Catholics as a national figure. 6734: 1319:

The correspondence was edited and published already in the seventeenth century, by Nicolaus Serarius. Stephan Alexander Würdtwein's 1789 edition,

4565: 4595: 3104: 2953: 1085:, where the Assiniboine and Red Rivers meet. Today, St. Boniface is regarded as Winnipeg's main French-speaking district and the centre of the 6044: 5771: 880:

to a new grave: since the church had been enlarged, his grave, originally in the west, was now in the middle; his relics were moved to a new

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is stylised to portray Boniface as a singular character who alone acts to root out paganism. Lutz von Padberg and others claim that what the

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Yorke, Barbara (2007). "The Insular Background to Boniface's Continental Career". In Franz J. Felten; Jörg Jarnut; Lutz von Padberg (eds.).

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Weichlein, Siegfried (2004). "Bonifatius als politischer Heiliger im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert". In Imhof, Michael; Stasch, Gregor K. (eds.).

349:, and local Devon leaders of the Orthodox, Methodist, and Congregational churches, officially recognised St Boniface as the Patron Saint of 5723: 1853: 1066: 468:, it seems clear that the library there was significant. To supply Boniface with the materials he needed, it would have contained works by 6998: 6317: 5810: 5653: 2840:

The civilization of the Middle Ages: a completely revised and expanded edition of Medieval history, the life and death of a civilization

1695:, the (Catholic) German chancellor, addressed a crowd of 60,000 in Fulda, celebrating the feast day of the saint in a European context: 7108: 7053: 7018: 6699: 5998: 708:

Boniface balanced this support and attempted to maintain some independence, however, by attaining the support of the papacy and of the

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Some fifteen preserved sermons are traditionally associated with Boniface, but that they were actually his is not generally accepted.

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Flechner, Roy (2013). "St Boniface as historian: a continental perspective on the organization of the early Anglo-Saxon church".

2315: 2096: 913:(9th century), there was a church on the site, and the well had become a "fountain of sweet water" used to sanctify people. The 7118: 6146: 6088: 1411:

reports that one manuscript copy of the treatise originates from (the south of) England, mid-eighth century; it is now held in

1097: 3370:. Ausgewählte quellen zur deutschen Geschichte des Mittelalters. Vol. IVb. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 1675:), there were modest celebrations and a publication for the occasion on historical aspects of Boniface and his work, the 1905 1347:, first published in New York in 1940; it was republished most recently with a new introduction by Thomas F.X. Noble in 2000. 7103: 7088: 7078: 7003: 5557: 3479: 3328: 3304: 3257: 3168: 3068: 2853: 2394: 1232: 280:

Boniface's life and death as well as his work became widely known, there being a wealth of material available — a number of

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Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100

1967: 7073: 6818: 6716: 6603: 3026:. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies. Vol. 241. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. 586: 7038: 6856: 6158: 5909: 4470: 3588: 3224:

Nichtweiß, Barbara (2005). "Zur Bonifatius-Verehrung in Mainz im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert". In Barbara Nichtweiß (ed.).

1325:, was the basis for a number of (partial) translations in the nineteenth century. The first version to be published by 452:. Winfrid taught in the abbey school and at the age of 30 became a priest; in this time, he wrote a Latin grammar, the 346: 3226:

Bonifatius in Mainz: Neues Jahrbuch für das Bistum Mainz, Beiträge zur Zeit- und Kulturgeschichte der Diozöse Jg. 2005

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does not indicate his place of birth but says that at an early age he attended a monastery ruled by Abbot Wulfhard in

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over all Germany east of the Rhine. In 745, he was granted Mainz as metropolitan see. In 742, one of his disciples,

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Der heilige Bonifatius, Bischof und Märtyrer, 'bedeutet' den 'Anfang' des Evangeliums und der Kirche in Eurem Land

1333:(MGH) was the edition by Ernst Dümmler (1892); the most authoritative version until today is Michael Tangl's 1912 1239:(899–917). Mainly agreeing with Willibald, it adds an eye-witness who presumably saw the martyrdom at Dokkum. The 448:, which under the direction of abbot Winbert had grown into an industrious centre of learning in the tradition of 7048: 6254: 6178: 5798: 5776: 3295:

Orme, Nicholas (1980). "The Church in Crediton from Saint Boniface to the Reformation". In Timothy Reuter (ed.).

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German, and Klaas Bruinsma in Frisian), and a fictional completion of the Boniface correspondence (Lutterbach,

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Wolf, Gunther G. (1999). "Die Peripetie in des Bonifatius Wirksamkeit und die Resignation Karlmanns d.Ä.".

3119:. Quellen und Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Abtei und der Diözese Fulda. Vol. 26. Fulda: Parzeller. 1351: 520: 2425: 605:

and the Carolingian dynasty, was essential for Boniface's work. Boniface had been under the protection of

415:, but the earliest mention of Crediton in connection to Boniface is from the early fourteenth century, in 7023: 7008: 6793: 6163: 5936: 3635: 1386: 17: 3137:(2004). "Entstehung und Verbreitung des Bonifatiuskultes". In Imhof, Michael; Stasch, Gregor K. (eds.). 2098:

The Lives of the Saints; Or, Notes Ecclesiological and Historical on the Holy Days of the English Church

769:. However, instead of his converts, a group of armed robbers appeared and slew the aged archbishop. The 642:, and the church itself paid little heed to Rome. During his third visit to Rome in 737–38, he was made 7098: 7068: 6802: 5827: 5424: 4645: 1785: 246: 2596:

Tatuini omnia opera, Variae collectiones aenigmatum merovingicae aetatis, Anonymus de dubiis nominibus

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The earliest "Life" of Boniface was written by a certain Willibald, an Anglo-Saxon priest who came to

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pages of sacred texts instead of silver plates." They attempted to destroy these books, the earliest

31: 7113: 7043: 7033: 6694: 6269: 5786: 5286: 4545: 4212: 3994: 3878: 3858: 3798: 3556: 2813: 1741:). A German musical proved a great commercial success, and in the Netherlands an opera was staged. 1070: 1062: 3457: 840:, previously the abbey church. There is good reason to believe that the Gospel he held up was the 6993: 6312: 6168: 5895: 5419: 4758: 4728: 4119: 3893: 3683: 3579: 1843: 1311: 948: 893:), and (around the year 1000) with a mass dedicated to his appointment as bishop, on 1 December. 654: 294:, legal documents, possibly some sermons, and above all his correspondence. He is venerated as a 149: 60: 1634:

suggested that the rubrics should be seen as Boniface's contribution to the agenda for a synod.

325:." Through his efforts to reorganize and regulate the church of the Franks, he helped shape the 6783: 6669: 6382: 5685: 4550: 4495: 4197: 3838: 3803: 3780: 3688: 3597: 3089:

Frederick, Hockey (1980). "St Boniface in his Correspondence". In H. Farmer, David Hugh (ed.).

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His remains were eventually buried in the abbey church of Fulda after resting for some time in

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likewise originates in Utrecht. It is dated between 917 (Radboud's death) and 1075, the year

859: 658: 650: 6729: 2411: 1061:, building a log church and naming it after St. Boniface. The log church was consecrated as 806:; at that time, the Ragyndrudis Codex seems to have been firmly connected to the martyrdom. 393:

built by local landowners and churchmen; nothing else is known of it outside the Bonifacian

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Moore, Michael E. (2020). "Boniface in Francia". In Aaij, Michel; Godlove, Shannon (eds.).

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After Boniface's third trip to Rome, Charles Martel established four dioceses in Bavaria (

8: 7013: 6960: 6684: 6674: 6623: 6481: 6467: 6327: 6069: 5832: 5582: 5462: 5304: 4570: 4455: 4435: 4372: 4332: 4302: 4252: 4232: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4129: 3999: 3873: 3770: 3761: 3708: 3530: 3063:. Selbstverlag der Gesellschaft für mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte. pp. 353–61. 2486:

Becht-Jördens, Gereon (1991). "Neue Hinweise zum Rechtsstatus des Klosters Fulda aus der

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Die Briefe des Heiligen Bonifatius, Nach der Ausgabe in den Monumenta Germaniae Historica

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Monday the saint was remembered in prayer, the monks prostrating themselves and reciting

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56, which shows damage to the upper margin, which has been cut back as a form of repair.

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Soldiers of Christ: Saints and Saints' Lives in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages

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of the felling of Thor's Oak, by sculptor Kenneth Carter. The sculpture was unveiled by

796:, which reports that an eye-witness saw that the saint at the moment of death held up a 693:

According to German historian Gunther Wolf, the high point of Boniface's career was the

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was formed. The community that grew around the cathedral eventually became the city of

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Good, Leanne (2020). "Boniface in Bavaria". In Aaij, Michel; Godlove, Shannon (eds.).

1909: 1600:) are preserved in his correspondence, all composed before he left for the continent. 6918: 6823: 6598: 6584: 6558: 6543: 6447: 6432: 6362: 6352: 6221: 6153: 6054: 6018: 5914: 5648: 5633: 5602: 5597: 5542: 5517: 5482: 5309: 5071: 4901: 4871: 4720: 4705: 4665: 4590: 4555: 4382: 4292: 4227: 4089: 4084: 4069: 4044: 4019: 3984: 3941: 3833: 3818: 3645: 3475: 3404: 3396: 3343: 3324: 3300: 3281: 3253: 3229: 3185: 3164: 3142: 3120: 3064: 3045: 3005: 2992: 2980: 2924: 2914: 2891: 2849: 2838: 2647: 2390: 2369: 1888: 1767: 1710: 1631: 1609: 1213: 1101: 1086: 994: 986: 787: 741: 631: 611: 421:

Legenda Sanctorum: The Proper Lessons for Saints' Days according to the use of Exeter

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as well as the correspondence, and also includes information from local traditions.

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independent and which, in the eyes of Boniface, was subject to worldly corruption.

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arrived by canoe in Manitoba, and in 1871, built Western Canada's first hospital:

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Boniface returned to the continent the next year and went straight to Rome, where

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community, and St. Boniface Hospital is the second-largest hospital in Manitoba.

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Bonifatius, der "Apostel der Deutschen": Ein Gedenkblatt zum Jubiläumsjahr 1905

2545:, published in 1605 in Mainz and republished in 1625, and again in 1639, Paris. 1835: 1823: 1370: 1357: 1246: 1161: 1133: 885: 833: 826: 687: 627: 606: 516: 501: 469: 404: 6122: 5467: 2976: 2639: 1046:, Plymouth in 1856. The school celebrates Saint Boniface on 5 June each year. 728: 590:

Fulda Sacramentary, Saint Boniface baptising (top) and being martyred (bottom)

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Saint Boniface: Three Biographical Studies for the Twelfth Centenary Festival

2833: 2247: 2237: 1799: 1665: 1644: 1596:

Three octosyllabic poems written in clearly Aldhelmian fashion (according to

1408: 1402: 1032: 313: 2808: 6923: 6798: 6654: 6618: 6357: 6279: 6123: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5847: 5577: 5276: 5266: 5251: 5181: 5156: 5091: 5051: 5001: 4911: 4826: 4630: 4510: 4485: 4054: 3863: 3655: 3593: 3156: 2920:

Bonifatius und das Sakrileg: zur politischen Dimension eines Rechtsbegriffs

1597: 1006: 643: 462:-inspired riddles. While little is known about Nursling outside Boniface's 326: 299: 234: 201: 2238:

Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Burchard of Würzurg." The Catholic Encyclopedia

1399:

Early in his career, before he left for the continent, Boniface wrote the

614:

sites may have benefited the Franks in their campaign against the Saxons.

557:, Latinized by Willibald as "Jupiter's oak", near the present-day town of 6724: 6553: 6528: 6503: 6476: 6463: 6372: 6274: 5961: 5537: 5384: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5151: 5101: 5096: 5086: 5061: 4996: 4886: 4685: 4675: 4655: 4525: 4500: 4029: 3936: 3723: 3495: 3163:. Gesellschaft für mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte. pp. 193–210. 1120: 1002: 709: 674: 433: 370: 283: 270: 145: 1621: 962:. A more modern rendition stands facing St. Peter's Church of Fritzlar. 813:, Boniface's successor as archbishop of Mainz. According to Willibald's 717: 575: 496: 6508: 6093: 5547: 5221: 5106: 5081: 4931: 4768: 4049: 3134: 3112: 2764:

Lehmann 193: "In dem auch heute noch als Standardwerk anerkannten Buch

1028: 1018: 1010: 982: 666: 528: 524: 512: 445: 245:

during the eighth century. He organised significant foundations of the

3297:

The Greatest Englishman: Essays on Boniface and the Church at Crediton

2755:

Eds. Michael Imhof and Gregor Stasch, Petersberg: Michael Imhof, 2004.

2594:'Aenigmata Bonifatii', ed. by Fr. Glorie, trans. by Karl J. Minst, in 965: 5527: 5434: 5126: 4788: 4640: 3883: 3748: 3625: 3139:

Bonifatius: Vom Angelsäschsischen Missionar zum Apostel der Deutschen

2446: 1759:

Bonifatius — Vom Angelsächsischen Missionar zum Apostel der Deutschen

1655: 1078: 1014: 932: 602: 554: 3117:

Kult und Nachleben des heiligen Bonifatius im Mittelalter (754–1200)

2672:

Bonifatius: Vom angelsächsischen Missionar zum Apostel der Deutschen

538:

renamed him "Boniface", after the (legendary) fourth-century martyr

6967: 6322: 6076: 6064: 5680: 5512: 5349: 5329: 4387: 4337: 4139: 3868: 3678: 3078:

Hartl, Iris (26 March 2009). "Bestätigt: Bonifatius kommt wieder".

1457: 1451: 1093: 1074: 990: 978: 970: 869: 762: 754: 702: 639: 558: 543: 473: 441: 412: 365:

Prayer card, early 20th century, depicting Boniface leaving England

303: 210: 196:

In bishop's robes, book pierced by a sword (also axe; oak; scourge)

173: 114: 110: 3496:"St. Boniface, Archbishop of Mentz, Apostle of Germany and Martyr" 2240:

Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 27 December 2022

1407:, a grammatical treatise presumably for his students in Nursling. 836:, and they are entombed within a shrine beneath the high altar of 6579: 6193: 5815: 5404: 5379: 5324: 4841: 4806: 4247: 4202: 3964: 3901: 3756: 2890:. Columbia University Records of Civilization. New York: Norton. 2624:

Meeder, Sven (2011). "Boniface and the Irish Heresy of Clemens".

2246:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

1806: 1701:("What we have in common in Europe comes from the same source"). 1436: 1412: 1145: 1141: 829:, Lullus attempted to block the move and keep the body in Mainz. 800:

as spiritual protection. The story was later repeated by Otloh's

713: 622: 508: 459: 449: 242: 3444:

Zeitschrift des Vereins für Hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde

1461:). The riddles fall into two sequences of ten poems. The first, 1132:

Some traditions credit Saint Boniface with the invention of the

819:

Lullus allowed the body to be moved to Fulda, while the (later)

6745:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

6188: 6098: 6003: 5409: 5344: 5334: 5319: 5294: 4347: 3974: 3540: 1445: 1440: 1426: 1295: 1109: 920: 890: 810: 797: 758: 595: 491: 485: 384: 318: 265:

in 754, along with 52 others, and his remains were returned to

262: 258: 162: 131: 127: 89: 2543:

Epistolae s. Bonifacii martyris, primi moguntini archiepiscopi

1968:"Devon Day and Patron Saints - Report of the County Solicitor" 1698:

Das, was wir in Europa gemeinsam haben, gemeinsamen Ursprungs

399:. This monastery is believed to have occupied the site of the 5399: 5394: 5369: 5339: 5314: 4831: 4816: 4811: 3921: 3609: 3429:

was republished in Noble, Thomas F. X. and Thomas Head, eds.

1350:

Included among his letters and dated to 716 is one to Abbess

1198:

which also lists, for instance, the date (1 November) of his

1182: 1125: 1065:

after Provencher was himself consecrated as a bishop and the

753:, Boniface had never relinquished his hope of converting the 562: 507:

Boniface first left for the continent in 716. He traveled to

350: 295: 266: 214: 206: 50: 1650: 977:

The UK National Shrine is located at the Catholic church at

4858: 4836: 4796: 4014: 3042:"Gemeinsam Zeugnis geben": Johannes Paul II. in Deutschland 2766:

Winfrid-Bonifatius und die christlichen Grundlegung Europas

2445:

This is not the Willibald who was appointed by Boniface as

2387:

The Brightest Star of All: Christmas Stories for the Family

1374: 1276:(1062–1066), is based on Willibald's and a number of other 1154:

The Brightest Star of All: Christmas Stories for the Family

954:

A famous statue of Saint Boniface stands on the grounds of

881: 786:

already says, and this account underlies the status of the

3401:

Winfrid-Bonifatius und die christliche Grundlegung Europas

1773:

Winfrid-Bonifatius und die Christliche Grundlegung Europas

1753:

Sankt Bonifatius: Gedenkgabe zum Zwölfhundertsten Todestag

6634:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

2867: 1339:, published by MGH in 1916. This edition is the basis of 1137: 2317:

Jenkinson's smaller practical guide to the Isle of Wight

1659:

Medal minted for the Boniface anniversary in Fulda, 1905

3433:. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 1995. 109–40. 3342:. Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Turnhout: Brepols. 1212:

was written in Fulda in the ninth century, possibly by

617:

In 732, Boniface traveled again to Rome to report, and

3368:

Briefe des Bonifatius; Willibalds Leben des Bonifatius

2366:

St. Boniface and the Little Fir Tree: A Story to Color

1620:, and a late eighth/early ninth-century manuscript in 6665:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

1783: 1637: 3242: 407:, demolished in 1971, next to which was later built 3374: 2529: 2527: 2525: 872:. After the abbey church was rebuilt to become the 5738: 2837: 2733:Henk Alkema (music) and Peter te Nuyl (libretto). 1148:, and in a number of educational books, including 3578: 2565:Medieval Visions of Heaven and Hell: A Sourcebook 1993:"St Boniface set to become Patron Saint of Devon" 1946:"St Boniface set to become Patron Saint of Devon" 677:(also known as Sturmi, or Sturmius), founded the 523:. Willibrord fled to the abbey he had founded in 6985: 6735:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 2522: 701:; the claim that he would have crowned Pepin at 581: 30:"Boniface" redirects here. For other uses, see 3228:. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. pp. 277–92. 3141:. Petersberg: Michael Imhof. pp. 127–50. 2746:Ed. Cuno Raabe et al., Fulda: Parzeller, 1954. 1322:Epistolae S. Bonifacii Archiepiscopi Magontini 5724: 3564: 3181:Vitae Sancti Bonifati Archiepiscopi Moguntini 2791:...een nog steeds niet achterhaalde biografie 2485: 863:Statue of St. Boniface at the Mainz Cathedral 3442:(1903). "Zum Todesjahr des hl. Bonifatius". 2999: 2809:"Continental Business: Boniface biographies" 1771: 1757: 1751: 1736: 1721: 1696: 1676: 1670: 1334: 1191:1086 are copies directly from the original. 492:Early missionary work in Frisia and Germania 1625: 1613: 1588: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1522: 1516: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1468: 1462: 1439:and containing many references to works of 1430: 1420: 1400: 1326: 1320: 1309: 1299: 1277: 1267: 1258: 1250: 1240: 1226: 1220: 1207: 1186: 1173: 1140:-Devon website, in an account which places 914: 908: 902: 841: 820: 814: 801: 791: 781: 770: 748: 463: 453: 427: 394: 388: 374: 289: 281: 27:Anglo-Saxon missionary and saint (died 754) 6750:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 6700:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 5731: 5717: 3571: 3557: 3340:Anglo-Saxons in a Frankish World (690–900) 3103:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3058: 2952:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2295:Kehl, "Entstehung und Verbreitung" 128-32. 1744: 1053:founded a mission on the east bank of the 919:, a hagiographical account of the work of 630:, after having defeated the forces of the 542:, and appointed him missionary bishop for 68: 3395: 3223: 3088: 2937: 2913: 2669: 2619: 2617: 2313: 2094: 1651:Celebrations in Germany: 1805, 1855, 1905 1419:. He also wrote a treatise on verse, the 1343:'s selection and translation in English, 1253:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 876:(dedicated 791), Boniface's remains were 723: 2960: 2493:Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 2412:"How Saint Boniface Kept Christmas Eve." 1973:. Devon County Council. 17 November 2020 1654: 1119: 964: 858: 735: 727: 585: 495: 360: 3313: 3273: 3214: 3177: 3155: 3002:De moord op Bonifatius: Het spoor terug 2882: 2781:. "Bonifatius als geschiedsvervalser". 2408:The American normal readers: fifth book 2364:Melmoth, Jenny and Val Hayward (1999). 1672:Bonifatius, der "Apostel der Deutschen" 1624:contains, besides a selection from the 1603: 1167: 531:) while Boniface returned to Nursling. 458:, besides a treatise on verse and some 298:in the Christian church and became the 14: 6986: 3403:. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 3375:Richter, Gregor; Carl Scherer (1905). 3356: 3337: 3018: 2904: 2832: 2623: 2614: 2101:. Church Printing Company. p. 64. 1425:, and a collection of twenty acrostic 411:. Later tradition places his birth at 5712: 3552: 3469: 3438: 3378:Festgabe zum Bonifatius-Jubiläum 1905 3205: 3077: 3044:. Butzon & Bercker. p. 134. 3039: 1394: 1228:Vita altera Bonifatii auctore Radbodo 935:is celebrated on 5 June in the Roman 705:in 751 is now generally discredited. 3454: 3359:Gaude Fulda! Das Bonifatiusjahr 1954 3294: 3133: 3111: 3030: 2806: 1854:Saint Boniface, patron saint archive 1729: 1685: 1150:St. Boniface and the Little Fir Tree 6604:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 3388:, entry from online version of the 3365: 3217:754: Bonifatius bij Dokkum Vermoord 2777: 1704: 341:, with the support of the Anglican 288:, especially the near-contemporary 24: 6999:History of Christianity in Germany 6159:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 4471:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales 3589:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints 3422:. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1954. 3320:Bonifatius: Missionar und Reformer 2938:Greenaway, George William (1955). 2567:(New York: Garland, 9113, 143–45). 2095:Dickinson, William Leeson (1865). 1995:. Diocese of Plymouth. 28 May 2019 1907: 1638:Anniversary and other celebrations 1467:('on the virtues'), comprises: 1. 884:in 819. From then on Boniface, as 347:Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth 25: 7140: 7109:Roman Catholic bishops in Germany 7054:History of Catholicism in Germany 7019:8th-century Christian theologians 3489: 2042:"St Mary Major – Cathedral Yard, 1527:/virginity. The second sequence, 1285: 1005:Hampshire; Adler Street, London; 291:Vita Bonifatii auctore Willibaldi 233:675 – 5 June 754) was an English 6966: 6954: 6285:Fourth Council of Constantinople 6240:Second Council of Constantinople 5691: 5679: 5558:María de las Maravillas de Jesús 5415:Seven Maccabees and their mother 4601:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War 3299:. Paternoster. pp. 97–131. 3161:Bonifatius: Leben und Nachwirken 2909:. Leipzig: Evangelischen Bundes. 2423: 2241: 1948:. Diocese of Exeter. 24 May 2019 1829: 1817: 1805: 1793: 1533:('on the vices'), comprises: 1. 1073:, which merged into the city of 387:, and may have been one of many 6255:Third Council of Constantinople 6179:First Council of Constantinople 3472:Bonifatius—Leben und Nachwirken 3093:. Leominster. pp. 105–117. 3061:Bonifatius—Leben und Nachwirken 3000:Van der Goot, Annelies (2005). 2800: 2771: 2758: 2749: 2740: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2663: 2654: 2605: 2588: 2579: 2570: 2557: 2548: 2536: 2513: 2504: 2479: 2470: 2461: 2452: 2439: 2417: 2414:207-22. Silver, Burdett and Co. 2400: 2379: 2358: 2349: 2324: 2314:Jenkinson, Henry Irwin (1876). 2307: 2298: 2289: 2280: 2271: 2262: 2253: 2231: 2222: 2213: 2204: 2195: 2186: 2177: 2168: 2159: 2150: 2141: 2132: 2123: 2114: 2105: 2088: 2079: 2070: 2061: 2052: 2034: 665:) and gave them to Boniface as 237:monk and leading figure in the 39:Saint Boniface (disambiguation) 6494:Dissolution of the monasteries 5760:History of the Catholic Church 2368:. Warrington: Alfresco Books. 2025: 2016: 2007: 1985: 1960: 1938: 1929: 1901: 1877: 1859:St Boniface's Catholic College 1608:A letter by Boniface charging 1373:, and the visions recorded by 1235:, and was probably revised by 1164:, "The First Christmas Tree". 1044:St Boniface's Catholic College 13: 1: 7119:English Roman Catholic saints 6368:Fourth Council of the Lateran 6343:Second Council of the Lateran 5952:Apostles in the New Testament 5523:Faustina and Liberata of Como 4711:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia 4656:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross 3580:Saints of the Catholic Church 3249:The Letters of Saint Boniface 2888:The Letters of Saint Boniface 1865: 1616:Collectio canonum Hibernensis 1345:The Letters of Saint Boniface 1329:Monumenta Germaniae Historica 1013:, Plymouth (now demolished); 849: 582:Boniface and the Carolingians 356: 230: 172:St Boniface Catholic Church, 103: 78: 7104:8th-century writers in Latin 7089:8th-century Frankish writers 7079:8th-century Frankish bishops 7004:8th-century Christian saints 6482:Catholic Counter-Reformation 6348:Third Council of the Lateran 6338:First Council of the Lateran 5794:Catholic ecumenical councils 3500:Butler's Lives of the Saints 2554:Emerton, 25–31; Tangl, 7–15. 1352:Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet 926: 825:, a hagiography of Sturm by 521:Radbod, King of the Frisians 7: 7129:8th-century English bishops 7094:8th-century English writers 7084:8th-century Frankish saints 2406:Harvey, May Louise (1912). 1779: 1515:/true, Christian peace; 9. 1387:Sermones (Pseudo)-Bonifatii 1158:The American normal readers 969:Saint Boniface memorial in 732:Saint Boniface crypt, Fulda 124:5 June 754 (aged around 79) 10: 7145: 7074:Burials at Fulda Cathedral 5828:History of the Roman Curia 5686:Catholic Church portal 4646:Saints of the Cristero War 3246:; Ephraim Emerton (2000). 2807:Aaij, Michel (June 2005). 2426:"The First Christmas Tree" 2355:"Devon Myths and Legends." 1718:German Bishops' Conference 1384: 1380: 1231:, which originates in the 1225:, chronologically, is the 1115: 36: 29: 7039:Diplomats of the Holy See 6949: 6849: 6715: 6642: 6577: 6564:European wars of religion 6461: 6396: 6298: 6220: 6111: 6034: 5894: 5883: 5875:Eastern Catholic Churches 5750: 5674: 5611: 5443: 5285: 4857: 4787: 4719: 4681:Three Martyrs of Chimbote 4451:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala 4416: 4181: 4148: 3950: 3892: 3779: 3747: 3664: 3626:Mother of God (Theotokos) 3616: 3586: 3537: 3528: 3522: 3515: 3381:. Fulda: Actiendruckerei. 3338:Palmer, James T. (2009). 3277:The Poetic Art of Aldhelm 3178:Levison, Wilhelm (1905). 3004:. Amsterdam: Rubinstein. 2977:10.1017/S0263675112000063 2864:"Devon Myths and Legends" 2844:. HarperCollins. p. 2768:von Theodor Schieffer..." 2674:(in German). Petersberg: 2640:10.1017/S0009640711000035 2031:Schieffer 76–77; 103–105. 1521:/Christian humility; 10. 1124:Saint Boniface statue in 896: 612:indigenous Germanic pagan 241:to the Germanic parts of 200: 190: 180: 159: 137: 120: 99: 88: 67: 48: 32:Boniface (disambiguation) 7124:Anglo-Saxon Benedictines 6695:Mary of the Divine Heart 6318:Clash against the empire 6270:Second Council of Nicaea 6164:Old St. Peter's Basilica 4827:Joseph (father of Jesus) 4213:Athanasius of Alexandria 3995:Athanasius of Alexandria 3879:Theophanes the Confessor 3859:Paul I of Constantinople 3854:Paphnutius the Confessor 3799:Athanasius the Confessor 2905:Ficker, Gerhard (1905). 1908:Aherne, Consuelo Maria. 1870: 1756:and the 2004 collection 1518:de humilitate cristiania 1479:/the Catholic faith; 3. 1435:, influenced greatly by 1172: 1063:Saint Boniface Cathedral 854: 383:, which seems to denote 369:The earliest Bonifacian 273:which remains a site of 6961:Vatican City portal 6313:Investiture Controversy 6169:First Council of Nicaea 4759:Gregory the Illuminator 4729:Augustine of Canterbury 4278:Dionysius of Alexandria 4193:Alexander of Alexandria 3357:Pralle, Ludwig (1954). 3215:Mostert, Marco (1999). 3208:A Companion to Boniface 3033:A Companion to Boniface 1915:Encyclopædia Britannica 1844:List of Catholic saints 1745:Scholarship on Boniface 1512:de pace uera, cristiana 1417:Hessisches Staatsarchiv 1365:, the visions from the 1312:Codex Vindobonensis 751 1160:, and a short story by 1136:. It is mentioned on a 1092:Boniface (Wynfrith) of 1077:in 1971. In 1844, four 949:Eastern Orthodox Church 621:conferred upon him the 500:Saint Boniface felling 401:Church of St Mary Major 269:, where they rest in a 150:Eastern Orthodox Church 77:by Cornelis Bloemaert, 7049:Medieval German saints 6973:Catholicism portal 6784:Second Vatican Council 6670:Our Lady of La Salette 6477:Protestant Reformation 6464:Protestant Reformation 6383:Second Council of Lyon 5772:Ecclesiastical history 4198:Alexander of Jerusalem 3804:Chariton the Confessor 3766:in the Catholic Church 3517:Catholic Church titles 3507:Vitae Sancti Bonifatii 3366:Rau, Reinhold (1968). 3274:Orchard, Andy (1994). 3219:. Hilversum: Verloren. 3040:Grave, Werner (1980). 1772: 1758: 1752: 1738:Mit Axt und Evangelium 1737: 1722: 1697: 1677: 1671: 1660: 1643:tradition"; in Mainz, 1626: 1614: 1589: 1583: 1577: 1571: 1565: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1541: 1535: 1529: 1523: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1487: 1481: 1475: 1469: 1463: 1431: 1421: 1401: 1356:Vision of the Monk of 1335: 1327: 1321: 1310: 1300: 1278: 1268: 1259: 1251: 1241: 1227: 1221: 1208: 1187: 1174: 1129: 1035:, is named after him. 974: 915: 909: 903: 864: 842: 821: 815: 802: 792: 782: 771: 749: 744: 733: 724:Last mission to Frisia 601:, and later the early 591: 504: 464: 454: 428: 395: 389: 375: 366: 308:Apostle to the Germans 290: 282: 95:Apostle to the Germans 6680:First Vatican Council 6378:First Council of Lyon 6142:Constantine the Great 5838:Christian monasticism 5629:Fourteen Holy Helpers 5593:Trasilla and Emiliana 4744:Evermode of Ratzeburg 4626:Perpetua and Felicity 4596:Martyrs of Sandomierz 4466:Dismas the Good Thief 4393:Theophilus of Antioch 4363:Maximus the Confessor 4298:Epiphanius of Salamis 4238:Clement of Alexandria 3952:Doctors of the Church 3844:Maximus the Confessor 3631:Immaculate Conception 3458:Archiv für Diplomatik 3390:Catholic Encyclopedia 2576:Gneuss 130, item 849. 2385:Papa, Carrie (2008). 2336:The Church of England 1762:. In the modern era, 1658: 1306:Vienna Boniface Codex 1242:Vita tertia Bonifatii 1123: 1083:St. Boniface Hospital 981:, Devon, which has a 968: 910:Vita altera Bonifatii 862: 739: 731: 589: 499: 482:missionary expedition 442:Nhutscelle (Nursling) 364: 7064:People from Crediton 7029:Archbishops of Mainz 6857:Sexual abuse scandal 6766:Mit brennender Sorge 6609:Age of Enlightenment 6388:Bernard of Clairvaux 6265:Byzantine Iconoclasm 6204:Council of Chalcedon 5984:Council of Jerusalem 5853:Role in civilization 5833:Religious institutes 5765:By country or region 5533:Hiltrude of Liessies 5478:Catherine of Bologna 5473:Bernadette Soubirous 4666:17 Thomasian Martyrs 4476:Four Crowned Martyrs 4398:Victorinus of Pettau 4378:Papias of Hierapolis 4348:Jerome of Stridonium 4313:Gregory of Nazianzus 4283:Dionysius of Corinth 4105:Lawrence of Brindisi 4060:Bernard of Clairvaux 4035:Anselm of Canterbury 3990:Gregory of Nazianzus 3917:Priscilla and Aquila 3814:Edward the Confessor 3315:Padberg, Lutz E. von 3091:Benedict's Disciples 2676:Michael Imhof Verlag 2490:des Brun Candidus". 2058:Orme 97; Hockey 106. 1604:Additional materials 1274:Otloh of St. Emmeram 1233:Bishopric of Utrecht 1206:had been rebuilt. A 1168:Sources and writings 695:Concilium Germanicum 599:mayors of the palace 553:Boniface felled the 339:Devon County Council 275:Christian pilgrimage 37:For other uses, see 6685:Papal infallibility 6675:Our Lady of Lourdes 6624:Shimabara Rebellion 6468:Counter-Reformation 5583:Teresa of the Andes 5463:Angela of the Cross 5425:Zechariah (prophet) 4571:Martyrs of La Rioja 4566:21 Martyrs of Libya 4456:Christina of Persia 4436:Charles de Foucauld 4373:Quadratus of Athens 4333:Ignatius of Antioch 4303:Fulgentius of Ruspe 4253:Cyril of Alexandria 4248:Cyprian of Carthage 4233:Cappadocian Fathers 4130:Hildegard of Bingen 4000:Cyril of Alexandria 3874:Sergius of Radonezh 3636:Perpetual virginity 3531:Archbishop of Mainz 3417:Talbot, C. H., ed. 2964:Anglo-Saxon England 2447:Bishop of Eichstatt 1861:, Plymouth, England 1849:Religion in Germany 1216:, but is now lost. 960:archbishop of Mainz 594:The support of the 239:Anglo-Saxon mission 7024:Anglo-Saxon saints 7009:7th-century births 6730:Our Lady of Fátima 6519:Ignatius of Loyola 6443:Catherine of Siena 6411:Pope Boniface VIII 6230:Benedict of Nursia 6199:Council of Ephesus 6036:Ante-Nicene period 5989:Split with Judaism 5823:Crusading movement 5624:Four Holy Marshals 5619:Calendar of saints 5588:Teresa of Calcutta 5568:Patricia of Naples 5493:Catherine of Siena 4774:Patrick of Ireland 4696:Vietnamese Martyrs 4586:Martyrs of Otranto 4541:Martyrs of Cajonos 4536:Martyrs of Algeria 4531:Martyrs of Albania 4491:The Holy Innocents 4461:Devasahayam Pillai 4446:Carthusian Martyrs 4388:Polycarp of Smyrna 4343:Isidore of Seville 4328:Hippolytus of Rome 4323:Hilary of Poitiers 4258:Cyril of Jerusalem 4223:Caesarius of Arles 4218:Augustine of Hippo 4120:Thérèse of Lisieux 4115:Catherine of Siena 4065:Hilary of Poitiers 4040:Isidore of Seville 4015:Bede the Venerable 4005:Cyril of Jerusalem 3970:Augustine of Hippo 3884:Pio of Pietrelcina 3849:Michael of Synnada 3397:Schieffer, Theodor 3244:Noble, Thomas F.X. 2915:Glatthaar, Michael 2870:. 18 December 2007 2737:. Leewarden, 2004. 2678:. pp. 219–34. 2510:Levison lvi–lviii. 2458:Levison xvii–xxvi. 2389:. Abingdon Press. 2165:von Padberg 40–41. 2120:Schieffer 105–106. 1661: 1563:/intemperance; 6. 1539:/carelessness; 2. 1395:Grammar and poetry 1363:Apocalypse of Paul 1237:Radboud of Utrecht 1130: 1051:Norbert Provencher 975: 945:Anglican Communion 865: 843:Codex Sangallensis 745: 734: 592: 540:Boniface of Tarsus 505: 367: 323:Carolingian family 154:Anglican Communion 7099:8th-century poets 7069:West Saxon saints 6981: 6980: 6941:COVID-19 pandemic 6919:Pope Benedict XVI 6824:Pope John Paul II 6599:Pope Benedict XIV 6585:French Revolution 6569:Thirty Years' War 6559:Robert Bellarmine 6544:John of the Cross 6448:Pope Alexander VI 6433:Council of Vienne 6363:Francis of Assisi 6353:Pope Innocent III 6222:Early Middle Ages 6216: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6154:Arian controversy 6107: 6106: 6055:Apostolic Fathers 5706: 5705: 5698:Saints portal 5649:Miles Christianus 5634:Martyr of charity 5603:Josephine Bakhita 5598:Ubaldesca Taccini 5543:Kateri Tekakwitha 5518:Faustina Kowalska 5508:Eulalia of Mérida 5488:Catherine Labouré 5483:Brigid of Kildare 5310:Baruch ben Neriah 4754:François de Laval 4739:Damien of Molokai 4706:Victor and Corona 4701:Valentine of Rome 4591:Martyrs of Prague 4556:Martyrs of Gorkum 4516:Martyrs of Lübeck 4403:Vincent of Lérins 4383:Peter Chrysologus 4338:Irenaeus of Lyons 4308:Gregory the Great 4293:Ephrem the Syrian 4090:Robert Bellarmine 4085:John of the Cross 4070:Alphonsus Liguori 4045:Peter Chrysologus 4020:Ephrem the Syrian 3985:Basil of Caesarea 3960:Gregory the Great 3942:Seventy disciples 3834:Lazarus Zographos 3819:Francis of Assisi 3689:James of Alphaeus 3646:Marian apparition 3547: 3546: 3538:Succeeded by 3505:Wilhelm Levison, 3481:978-3-929135-56-5 3330:978-3-406-48019-5 3306:978-0-85364-277-0 3259:978-0-231-12093-7 3170:978-3-929135-56-5 3070:978-3-929135-56-5 2855:978-0-06-092553-6 2834:Cantor, Norman F. 2688:Nichtweiß 283-88. 2660:Glatthaar 134-63. 2563:Eileen Gardiner, 2533:Noble xxxiv–xxxv. 2424:Dyke, Henry van. 2395:978-0-687-64813-9 2277:Schieffer 272-73. 1768:Theodor Schieffer 1730:2004 celebrations 1711:Pope John Paul II 1686:1954 celebrations 1632:Michael Glatthaar 1575:/fornication; 8. 1569:/drunkenness; 7. 1476:de fide catholica 1371:Gregory the Great 1257:, which used the 1214:Candidus of Fulda 1202:in 819, when the 1196:Fulda Martyrology 1102:Church of England 1087:Franco-Manitobain 1057:in what was then 1017:, Isle of Wight; 995:Bunbury, Cheshire 987:Princess Margaret 931:Saint Boniface's 788:Ragyndrudis Codex 747:According to the 742:Ragyndrudis Codex 632:Umayyad Caliphate 549:According to the 426:According to the 343:Diocese of Exeter 247:church in Germany 220: 219: 138:Venerated in 16:(Redirected from 7136: 7059:Medieval legends 6971: 6970: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6936:Patriarch Kirill 6809:Pope John Paul I 6614:Anti-clericalism 6594:Pope Innocent XI 6514:Society of Jesus 6499:Council of Trent 6453:Age of Discovery 6398:Late Middle Ages 6300:High Middle Ages 6290:East–West Schism 6174:Pope Sylvester I 6120: 6119: 6109: 6108: 6019:General epistles 6014:Pauline epistles 5947:John the Baptist 5930:Great Commission 5892: 5891: 5843:Catholic culture 5733: 5726: 5719: 5710: 5709: 5696: 5695: 5694: 5684: 5683: 5563:Narcisa de Jesús 5548:Lucy of Syracuse 5453:Agatha of Sicily 5365:John the Baptist 4611:Maximilian Kolbe 4606:Martyrs of Zenta 4581:Martyrs of Natal 4561:Martyrs of Japan 4551:Martyrs of China 4546:Martyrs of Drina 4481:Gerard of Csanád 4441:Canadian Martyrs 4426:Abda and Abdisho 4368:Melito of Sardis 4358:John of Damascus 4318:Gregory of Nyssa 4203:Ambrose of Milan 4135:Gregory of Narek 4100:Anthony of Padua 4075:Francis de Sales 4010:John of Damascus 3656:Joseph (husband) 3608: → 3604: → 3600: → 3573: 3566: 3559: 3550: 3549: 3523:Preceded by 3513: 3512: 3485: 3466: 3451: 3414: 3382: 3371: 3362: 3353: 3334: 3310: 3291: 3280:. Cambridge UP. 3270: 3268: 3266: 3239: 3220: 3211: 3210:. Leiden: Brill. 3202: 3200: 3198: 3174: 3152: 3130: 3108: 3102: 3094: 3085: 3074: 3055: 3036: 3035:. Leiden: Brill. 3027: 3015: 2996: 2957: 2951: 2943: 2934: 2910: 2901: 2884:Emerton, Ephraim 2879: 2877: 2875: 2859: 2843: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2794: 2793: 2775: 2769: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2738: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2621: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2568: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2531: 2520: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2468: 2467:Levison xxxviii. 2465: 2459: 2456: 2450: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2421: 2415: 2404: 2398: 2383: 2377: 2362: 2356: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2287: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2269: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2235: 2229: 2226: 2220: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2184: 2181: 2175: 2172: 2166: 2163: 2157: 2154: 2148: 2145: 2139: 2136: 2130: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2112: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2092: 2086: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2050: 2049: 2038: 2032: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2014: 2011: 2005: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1972: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1927: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1910:"Saint Boniface" 1905: 1899: 1898: 1881: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1810: 1809: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1789: 1775: 1764:Lutz von Padberg 1761: 1755: 1740: 1725: 1705:1980 papal visit 1700: 1680: 1674: 1629: 1619: 1592: 1587:/ignorance; 10. 1586: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1545:/hot temper; 3. 1544: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1508: 1502: 1496: 1491:/compassion; 5. 1490: 1484: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1434: 1424: 1422:Caesurae uersuum 1406: 1338: 1332: 1324: 1315: 1308:, also known as 1303: 1281: 1271: 1262: 1256: 1244: 1230: 1224: 1211: 1190: 1188:Codex Monacensis 1177: 1049:In 1818, Father 1040:George Errington 1025:St Boniface Down 918: 912: 906: 845: 824: 818: 805: 795: 785: 774: 752: 740:Nailhole in the 619:Pope Gregory III 467: 457: 431: 409:Exeter Cathedral 398: 392: 378: 306:, known as the " 293: 287: 255:Pope Gregory III 232: 165: 108: 105: 83: 80: 72: 46: 45: 21: 7144: 7143: 7139: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7134: 7133: 7114:Anglican saints 7044:German folklore 7034:Christmas trees 6984: 6983: 6982: 6977: 6965: 6955: 6953: 6945: 6867:World Youth Day 6845: 6834:World Youth Day 6778:Pacem in terris 6772:Pope John XXIII 6711: 6638: 6629:Edict of Nantes 6587: 6583: 6573: 6539:Teresa of Ávila 6534:Tridentine Mass 6470: 6466: 6457: 6438:Knights Templar 6392: 6294: 6250:Gregorian chant 6208: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6115: 6103: 6030: 5899: 5887: 5879: 5746: 5744:Catholic Church 5737: 5707: 5702: 5692: 5690: 5678: 5670: 5661:Seven Champions 5654:Church Militant 5644:Athleta Christi 5639:Military saints 5607: 5503:Clare of Assisi 5439: 5375:Judas Barsabbas 5281: 4853: 4783: 4769:Nino of Georgia 4715: 4621:Pedro Calungsod 4576:Martyrs of Laos 4521:Luigi Versiglia 4412: 4353:John Chrysostom 4243:Clement of Rome 4184: 4177: 4144: 4110:Teresa of Ávila 4095:Albertus Magnus 3980:John Chrysostom 3946: 3907:Mary of Bethany 3888: 3794:Anthony of Kiev 3775: 3743: 3694:James the Great 3660: 3612: 3591: 3582: 3577: 3543: 3534: 3526: 3492: 3482: 3425:The Bonifacian 3411: 3392:, 1913 edition. 3350: 3331: 3307: 3288: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3252:. Columbia UP. 3236: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3171: 3149: 3127: 3096: 3095: 3081:Fuldaer Zeitung 3071: 3052: 3012: 2945: 2944: 2931: 2898: 2873: 2871: 2862: 2856: 2823: 2821: 2803: 2798: 2797: 2776: 2772: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2622: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2444: 2440: 2430: 2428: 2422: 2418: 2405: 2401: 2384: 2380: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2350: 2340: 2338: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2242: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2044:Exeter Memories 2040: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2008: 1998: 1996: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1951: 1949: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1920: 1918: 1906: 1902: 1895: 1885:Boniface, Saint 1883: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1840: 1830: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1804: 1794: 1792: 1784: 1782: 1747: 1732: 1714:visited Germany 1707: 1693:Konrad Adenauer 1688: 1653: 1640: 1606: 1488:de misericordia 1397: 1389: 1383: 1354:containing the 1341:Ephraim Emerton 1288: 1204:Fulda Cathedral 1179: 1170: 1118: 1106:Lesser Festival 999:Chandler's Ford 956:Mainz Cathedral 941:Lutheran Church 937:Catholic Church 929: 899: 874:Ratgar Basilica 857: 852: 838:Fulda Cathedral 726: 699:Pepin the Short 636:Battle of Tours 584: 536:Pope Gregory II 527:(in modern-day 494: 444:, not far from 417:John Grandisson 359: 332:German diaspora 251:bishop of Mainz 171: 169:Fulda Cathedral 160: 152: 148: 144: 142:Catholic Church 125: 109: 106: 94: 92: 84: 81: 63: 58: 57: 54: 53: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7142: 7132: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6994:Saint Boniface 6979: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6963: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6864: 6859: 6853: 6851: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6842: 6841: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6774: 6769: 6762: 6757: 6755:Lateran Treaty 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6721: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6709: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6590: 6588: 6580:Baroque period 6578: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6549:Peter Canisius 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6524:Francis Xavier 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6488:Exsurge Domine 6484: 6479: 6473: 6471: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6428:Pope Clement V 6425: 6424: 6423: 6421:Avignon Papacy 6416:Western Schism 6413: 6408: 6406:Thomas Aquinas 6402: 6400: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6304: 6302: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6260:Saint Boniface 6257: 6252: 6247: 6245:Pope Gregory I 6242: 6237: 6232: 6226: 6224: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6184:Biblical canon 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6138: 6136: 6117: 6113:Late antiquity 6105: 6104: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6060:Pope Clement I 6050:Church Fathers 6047: 6041: 6039: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5933: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5906: 5904: 5889: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5811:Biblical canon 5806:Catholic Bible 5803: 5802: 5801: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5756: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5736: 5735: 5728: 5721: 5713: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5688: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5666:Virtuous pagan 5663: 5658: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5449: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5437: 5432: 5430:Zechariah (NT) 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5291: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4863: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4764:Junípero Serra 4761: 4756: 4751: 4749:Francis Xavier 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4691:Uganda Martyrs 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4661:Titus Brandsma 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4636:Pietro Parenzo 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4506:Korean Martyrs 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4431:Boris and Gleb 4428: 4422: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4273:Desert Mothers 4270: 4268:Desert Fathers 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4189: 4187: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4080:Peter Canisius 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4025:Thomas Aquinas 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3956: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3912:Mary Magdalene 3909: 3904: 3898: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3839:Louis Bertrand 3836: 3831: 3826: 3824:Francis Borgia 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3785: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3759: 3753: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3670: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3651:Titles of Mary 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3622: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3598:Servant of God 3587: 3584: 3583: 3576: 3575: 3568: 3561: 3553: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3536: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3519: 3511: 3510: 3502: 3491: 3490:External links 3488: 3487: 3486: 3480: 3467: 3452: 3440:Tangl, Michael 3436: 3435: 3434: 3415: 3409: 3393: 3386:"St. Boniface" 3383: 3372: 3363: 3354: 3348: 3335: 3329: 3311: 3305: 3292: 3286: 3271: 3258: 3240: 3234: 3221: 3212: 3203: 3190: 3175: 3169: 3153: 3147: 3131: 3125: 3109: 3086: 3075: 3069: 3056: 3050: 3037: 3028: 3020:Gneuss, Helmut 3016: 3010: 2997: 2958: 2935: 2929: 2911: 2902: 2896: 2880: 2860: 2854: 2830: 2814:The Heroic Age 2802: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2779:Mostert, Marco 2770: 2757: 2748: 2739: 2726: 2717: 2708: 2699: 2690: 2681: 2662: 2653: 2627:Church History 2613: 2611:Orchard 62–63. 2604: 2587: 2578: 2569: 2556: 2547: 2535: 2521: 2512: 2503: 2478: 2476:Levison xlvii. 2469: 2460: 2451: 2438: 2416: 2399: 2378: 2357: 2348: 2332:"The Calendar" 2323: 2306: 2297: 2288: 2279: 2270: 2261: 2252: 2230: 2221: 2212: 2203: 2194: 2185: 2176: 2167: 2158: 2156:Levison 31–32. 2149: 2140: 2131: 2122: 2113: 2104: 2087: 2078: 2069: 2060: 2051: 2046:website, 2015" 2033: 2024: 2015: 2006: 1984: 1959: 1937: 1935:Cantor 167-68. 1928: 1900: 1893: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1862: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1839: 1838: 1826: 1814: 1802: 1781: 1778: 1746: 1743: 1731: 1728: 1706: 1703: 1687: 1684: 1652: 1649: 1639: 1636: 1605: 1602: 1590:de uana gloria 1536:de neglegentia 1524:de uirginitate 1509:/patience; 8. 1396: 1393: 1385:Main article: 1382: 1379: 1287: 1286:Correspondence 1284: 1247:Adam of Bremen 1209:Vita Bonifacii 1178: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1162:Henry van Dyke 1134:Christmas tree 1117: 1114: 1071:Saint Boniface 989:in his native 958:, seat of the 928: 925: 898: 895: 856: 853: 851: 848: 827:Eigil of Fulda 725: 722: 688:Charles Martel 679:abbey of Fulda 628:Charles Martel 607:Charles Martel 583: 580: 517:Charles Martel 493: 490: 455:Ars Grammatica 436:monastery and 405:City of Exeter 358: 355: 218: 217: 204: 198: 197: 194: 188: 187: 184: 178: 177: 166: 157: 156: 139: 135: 134: 122: 118: 117: 101: 97: 96: 86: 85: 75:Saint Boniface 73: 65: 64: 59: 55: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7141: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6962: 6952: 6951: 6948: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6931: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6869: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6840: 6837: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6814:Mother Teresa 6812: 6810: 6807: 6804: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6767: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6740:Pope Pius XII 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6718: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6706:Rerum novarum 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6690:Pope Leo XIII 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6660:United States 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6650:Pope Pius VII 6648: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6465: 6460: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6333:Scholasticism 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6308:Pope Urban II 6306: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6297: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6219: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6084:Justin Martyr 6082: 6078: 6075: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6033: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5995: 5994:New Testament 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5957:Commissioning 5955: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5901:Apostolic Age 5897: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5804: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5795: 5792: 5788: 5787:Papal primacy 5785: 5784: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5734: 5729: 5727: 5722: 5720: 5715: 5714: 5711: 5699: 5689: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5553:Maria Goretti 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5458:Agnes of Rome 5456: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4671:Thomas Becket 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4496:Irish Martyrs 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 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3509: 3508: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3483: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3416: 3412: 3410:3-534-06065-2 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3349:9782503519111 3345: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3322: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3287:9780521450904 3283: 3279: 3278: 3272: 3261: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3235:3-934450-18-0 3231: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3209: 3204: 3193: 3191:9783775252935 3187: 3183: 3182: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3157:Lehmann, Karl 3154: 3150: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3126:9783790002263 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3082: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3051:3-7666-9144-9 3047: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3011:90-5444-877-6 3007: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2930:9783631533093 2926: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2841: 2835: 2831: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2804: 2792: 2789:(3): 213–21. 2788: 2784: 2780: 2774: 2767: 2761: 2752: 2743: 2736: 2730: 2721: 2712: 2703: 2694: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2666: 2657: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2634:(2): 251–80. 2633: 2629: 2628: 2620: 2618: 2608: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2582: 2573: 2566: 2560: 2551: 2544: 2539: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2516: 2507: 2499: 2496:(in German). 2495: 2494: 2489: 2482: 2473: 2464: 2455: 2448: 2442: 2427: 2420: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2375: 2374:1-873727-15-1 2371: 2367: 2361: 2352: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2320:. p. 88. 2319: 2318: 2310: 2301: 2292: 2283: 2274: 2265: 2256: 2249: 2248:public domain 2239: 2234: 2225: 2216: 2207: 2198: 2192:Greenaway 25. 2189: 2183:Rau 494 n.10. 2180: 2171: 2162: 2153: 2144: 2138:Gneuss 37–40. 2135: 2126: 2117: 2108: 2100: 2099: 2091: 2082: 2073: 2067:Levison xxix. 2064: 2055: 2047: 2045: 2037: 2028: 2019: 2010: 1994: 1988: 1969: 1963: 1947: 1941: 1932: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1904: 1896: 1894:0-85229-305-4 1890: 1886: 1880: 1876: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1827: 1825: 1815: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1801: 1791: 1790: 1787: 1777: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1754: 1742: 1739: 1727: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1702: 1699: 1694: 1683: 1679: 1673: 1667: 1666:Martin Luther 1657: 1648: 1646: 1645:Michael Tangl 1635: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1617: 1611: 1601: 1599: 1594: 1591: 1585: 1584:de ignorantia 1579: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1548:de cupiditate 1543: 1537: 1531: 1525: 1519: 1513: 1507: 1503:/justice; 7. 1501: 1495: 1489: 1483: 1477: 1471: 1465: 1464:De virtutibus 1460: 1459: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1409:Helmut Gneuss 1405: 1404: 1403:Ars Bonifacii 1392: 1388: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1359: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1323: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1283: 1280: 1275: 1272:, written by 1270: 1264: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1223: 1217: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1189: 1184: 1176: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1127: 1122: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059:Rupert's Land 1056: 1052: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1033:Isle of Wight 1030: 1029:highest point 1026: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 972: 967: 963: 961: 957: 952: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 924: 922: 917: 916:Vita Liudgeri 911: 905: 894: 892: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 861: 847: 844: 839: 835: 830: 828: 823: 817: 812: 807: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 777: 773: 768: 764: 760: 756: 751: 743: 738: 730: 721: 719: 715: 711: 706: 704: 700: 696: 691: 689: 686:, the son of 685: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 647: 646:for Germany. 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 624: 620: 615: 613: 608: 604: 600: 597: 588: 579: 577: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 547: 545: 541: 537: 532: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 503: 498: 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 430: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 391: 386: 382: 377: 372: 363: 354: 352: 348: 344: 340: 335: 333: 328: 324: 320: 315: 314:Norman Cantor 311: 309: 305: 301: 297: 292: 286: 285: 278: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 249:and was made 248: 244: 240: 236: 228: 224: 216: 212: 208: 205: 203: 199: 195: 193: 189: 185: 183: 179: 175: 170: 167: 164: 158: 155: 151: 147: 143: 140: 136: 133: 129: 123: 119: 116: 112: 102: 98: 91: 87: 76: 71: 66: 62: 52: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 6928: 6924:Pope Francis 6850:21st century 6799:Pope Paul VI 6776: 6764: 6717:20th century 6704: 6655:Pope Pius IX 6643:19th century 6619:Pope Pius VI 6486: 6358:Latin Empire 6328:Universities 6280:Pope Leo III 6259: 6147:Christianity 6132:state church 6124:Great Church 5925:Resurrection 5888:(30–325/476) 5885:Early Church 5870:Latin Church 5865:Papal States 5860:Vatican City 5578:Rose of Lima 5072:John Paul II 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London. 2648:163075473 2219:Wolf 2–5. 1530:De vitiis 1415:, in the 1367:Dialogues 1219:The next 1128:, Germany 1079:Grey Nuns 1055:Red River 1021:, Devon. 1015:Bonchurch 973:, Germany 933:feast day 927:Memorials 767:Groningen 640:sinecures 603:Pippinids 555:Donar Oak 257:. He was 202:Patronage 6829:HIV/AIDS 6323:Crusades 6077:Irenaeus 6070:Ignatius 6065:Polycarp 5915:Ministry 5903:(30–100) 5777:Timeline 5612:See also 5513:Euphemia 5350:Jeremiah 5330:Habakkuk 5287:Prophets 5262:Vitalian 5257:Victor I 5207:Sixtus I 5202:Siricius 5132:Martin I 5112:Lucius I 5077:Julius I 5042:Hilarius 5012:Felix IV 4982:Eusebius 4977:Eugene I 4907:Anicetus 4779:Remigius 4734:Boniface 4140:Irenaeus 3922:Silvanus 3869:Salonius 3714:Matthias 3679:Barnabas 3666:Apostles 3535:745–754 3420:Boniface 3323:. Beck. 3317:(2003). 3184:. Hahn. 3115:(1993). 3022:(2001). 2923:. 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