500:
204:
3215:
807:
leaf and crude extracts have been available as dietary supplements since 1995, but the 2008 FDA authorization does not extend to them, and they do not have GRAS status. In 2019, leaves and crude extracts were included in an FDA import alert with concerns about their safety for use in foods or
762:
Russian
Federation: stevioside approved as food additive since 2008, in the "minimal dosage required" to achieve the goal. Stevia leaves powder, syrups and crude extracts derived form it, have been banned. The ban is enacted on 27 February 2024.
312:-extract product. In 2015, the FDA still regarded stevia as "not an approved food additive", and stated that it "has not been affirmed as GRAS in the United States due to inadequate toxicological information". In June 2016, the
2514:
Ulbricht, C.; Isaac, R.; Milkin, T.; Poole, E.A.; Rusie, E.; et al. (Natural
Standard Research Collaboration) (April 2010). "An evidence-based systematic review of stevia by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration".
643:
The plant may be grown legally in most countries, although some countries restrict its use as a sweetener. The legally allowed uses and maximum dosage of the extracts and derived products vary widely from country to country.
989:
Cardello, H.M.A.B.; da Silva, M.A.P.A.; Damasio, M.H. (1999). "Measurement of the relative sweetness of stevia extract, aspartame and cyclamate/saccharin blend as compared to sucrose at different concentrations".
227:("sweet herb"). The leaves have been used traditionally for hundreds of years in both Paraguay and Brazil to sweeten local teas, and as a "sweet treat". The genus was named for the Spanish botanist and physician
251:, while conducting research in eastern Paraguay, first described the plant and the sweet taste in detail. Only limited research was conducted on the topic until, in 1931, two French chemists isolated the
547:
Steviol is processed by intestinal microflora and is also taken up into the bloodstream, further metabolised by the liver to steviol glucuronide and several other metabolites, and excreted in the urine.
1704:
1655:
1264:
3096:
2893:
544:
effect of the glycosides on the sweet receptor and TRPM5 explains the sweetness sensation. Some steviol glycosides (rebaudioside A) are perceived sweeter than others (stevioside).
389:
and
Rebiana, which the FDA permitted as a food additive in December 2008. Coca-Cola announced intentions to release stevia-sweetened beverages in late December 2008. From 2013 onwards,
2836:
374:, for use as a food additive within the United States by 2009, as well as plans to market Rebiana-sweetened products in 12 countries that allow stevia's use as a food additive.
2709:
412:
until receipt of FDA confirmation. Since the FDA permitted Truvia and PureVia, both the Coca-Cola
Company and PepsiCo have introduced products that contain their new sweeteners.
3161:
2064:
702:
has permitted its use in a range of products. This includes carbonated water, dairy-based desserts and flavoured drinks, yoghurts, ready-to-eat cereals, fruit nectars and jams.
582:
testing, these effects have not been demonstrated for the doses and routes of administration to which humans are exposed. Two 2010 review studies found no health concerns with
2136:
555:
produced by the stevia plant, showing the crystalline structures that produce both the sensation of sweetness and bitter aftertaste in the sweetener, was reported in 2019.
283:
banned stevia's use in food products within the
European Union pending further research. In 2006 and 2016, research data compiled in the safety evaluations released by the
3184:
2765:
Notice of modification to the list of permitted sweeteners to enable the use of steviol glycosides as a table-top sweetener and as a sweetener in certain food categories
1878:
1090:
1126:
Samuel, Priscilla; Ayoob, Keith T; Magnuson, Bernadene A; Wölwer-Rieck, Ursula; Jeppesen, Per Bendix; Rogers, Peter J; Rowland, Ian; Mathews, Rebecca (1 July 2018).
2915:
1753:
2798:
2161:
Hellfritsch, C.; Brockhoff, A.; Stähler, F.; Meyerhof, W.; Hofmann, T. (11 July 2012). "Human psychometric and taste receptor responses to steviol glycosides".
1911:
1848:
2002:
1511:
Bend, J.R.; et al. (Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, International Program on Chemical Safety) (2006).
2768:
2858:
2288:
Geuns, J.M.; Buyse, J.; Vankeirsbilck, A.; Temme, E.H.; Compernolle, F.; Toppet, S. (5 April 2006). "Identification of steviol glucuronide in human urine".
2111:
1651:
1252:
3247:
272:
3103:
1230:
525:
react to the glycosides and transduce the sweet taste sensation and the lingering bitter aftertaste by direct activation of sweet and bitter receptors.
2951:
2668:"Olam and Wilmar in 50:50 j.v. to acquire 20% stake in PureCircle, a leading producer of natural high-intensity sweeteners for USD 106.2 Mln"
1364:
1792:
1429:
1565:
3046:
2575:
797:
Purified rebaudioside A has been allowed since
December 2008 as a food additive (sweetener), sold under various trade names, and classified as "
3128:
2885:
2675:
959:
2824:
2731:
401:
2409:
1599:
1192:
1965:
1539:
2701:
1345:
1621:
3153:
2056:
597:, administered as a daily drink. The effect has been tested in rats, finding a 57–79 percent reduction in fertility compared with the
2811:
The CE regulation establishes steviol glycosides as food additive, and establishes maximum content levels in foodstuff and beverages.
929:
617:
149:. Its taste has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar, and at high concentrations some of its extracts may have an
2086:
1814:
1456:
540:, potentiating the signal from the sweet or bitter receptors, amplifying the taste of other sweet, bitter and umami tastants. The
3240:
3188:
3102:. Sale of Food Act. Singapore: Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority. 2005. Chapter 283, Section 56(1). Archived from
2024:
Prakash I, Dubois GE, Clos JF, Wilkens KL, Fosdick LE (July 2008). "Development of rebiana, a natural, non-caloric sweetener".
1115:
Brandle, Jim (19 August 2004). FAQ – Stevia, Nature's
Natural Low Calorie Sweetener (Report). Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
613:
1677:
2323:
2253:
Well, C.; Frank, O.; Hofmann, T. (2013). "Quantitation of sweet steviol glycosides by means of a HILIC-MS/MS-SIDA approach".
1870:
1525:
1478:
1355:
1084:
1071:
3071:
436:
process. This crude extract contains about 50% rebaudioside A. The various glycosides are separated and purified via
4362:
2922:
2198:"Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity"
1761:
3233:
2790:
313:
184:(GRAS) and may be lawfully marketed and added to food products, but stevia leaf and crude extracts do not have GRAS or
316:
issued an order of detention for stevia products made in China based on information that the products were made using
4354:
1840:
612:
established an acceptable daily intake of 4 mg/kg of steviol, in the form of steviol glycosides. Meanwhile, the
358:
industries, as a noncaloric natural sweetener for teas and weight-loss blends. The makers of the synthetic sweetener
161:. Stevia is used in sugar- and calorie-reduced food and beverage products as an alternative for variants with sugar.
2981:
1998:
2551:
2764:
2196:
Philippaert, K.; Pironet, A.; Mesuere, M.; Sones, W.; Vermeiren, L.; Kerselaers, S.; et al. (31 March 2017).
1073:
Evaluation of
Certain Food Additives: Eighty-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
609:
773:
Singapore: steviol glycosides approved as food additive in certain foods, since 2005 Previously it was banned.
3219:
1222:
893:
344:
2939:
631:
status – and on foods or dietary supplements containing them due to concerns about safety and potential for
1901:
1633:
1420:
325:
268:
264:
185:
181:
1784:
1716:, also called sweet leaf or sweet herb, is making inroads into the health food and natural foods markets.
1557:
616:
warns that "steviol at high dosages may have weak mutagenic activity," and a review "conducted for" the
4441:
4367:
3708:
3658:
3035:
2567:
1512:
1378:
248:
2980:. The Act for Partial Provisions of the Food Sanitation Act and the Nutrition Improvement Act. 1995.
2479:
Brusick, D.J. (2008). "A critical review of the genetic toxicity of steviol and steviol glycosides".
1154:
284:
3121:
4377:
4243:
3957:
2667:
2436:
967:
620:
notes that there are no published carcinogenicity results for rebaudioside A (or stevioside).
2865:. Sweeteners in Food Regulations; Ordinance. Hong Kong: Public Health and Municipal Services. 2011
2739:
513:
Glycosides are molecules that contain glucose residues bound to other non-sugar substances called
271:(GRAS), but the FDA "disagreed with conclusions ". Stevia remained banned for all uses until the
3616:
2402:
1999:"Evaluations of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA): Steviol Glycosides"
1587:
1196:
605:
604:
The WHO's Joint
Experts Committee on Food Additives has approved, based on long-term studies, an
20:
1973:
3433:
3386:
433:
236:
3127:. Research and Library Services Division (Report). Hong Kong Legislative Council Secretariat.
4372:
3900:
3840:
3526:
3486:
3448:
3271:
2600:
1732:
1033:
458:
extracts and derivatives are produced industrially and marketed under different trade names.
363:
1637:
1520:. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Program on Chemical Safety. p. 140.
909:
Madhu-Tulsi (Sweeteners in Food Regulations; Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance)
4094:
4011:
3885:
3783:
3458:
3413:
3350:
2445:
2209:
1936:
839:
1127:
937:
8:
3855:
3798:
3776:
3621:
2137:"Cargill and DSM's Eversweet stevia series delivers key taste and sustainability results"
1485:
722:
Japan: widely available since the 1970s and regulated as an existing additive since 1995.
689:
280:
138:
3962:
2449:
2213:
1128:"Stevia Leaf to Stevia Sweetener: Exploring Its Science, Benefits, and Future Potential"
393:, containing stevia as a sweetener, was launched in various countries around the world.
4194:
4119:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3756:
3688:
3516:
3428:
3423:
3401:
3355:
3282:
2380:
2230:
2197:
1941:
1818:
1652:"CBP Commissioner issues detention order on stevia produced in China with forced labor"
1424:
1321:
1290:
1015:
486:
EverSweet, discovered and developed by Evolva, and manufactured jointly by Cargill and
476:
Truvia is the brand for an erythritol and rebiana sweetener concoction manufactured by
308:
plant. However, the FDA said that these products are not stevia, but a highly purified
276:
228:
169:
4313:
2457:
601:, the lowered fertility continuing after withdrawal of the drug for up to two months.
362:(at the time Monsanto) asked the FDA to require testing of stevia extracts. In 2007,
4395:
4273:
4253:
4213:
4159:
4061:
4056:
3643:
3453:
3366:
3304:
2532:
2496:
2461:
2372:
2305:
2270:
2235:
2178:
2037:
1531:
1521:
1351:
1326:
1167:
1159:
1080:
1007:
869:
507:
208:
122:
118:
105:
2384:
1019:
731:
Mexico: mixed steviol glycoside extract (not separate extracts) approved since 2009.
220:
4051:
4036:
4016:
3698:
3579:
3333:
3187:(Report). Agency Response Letter. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
3015:
2524:
2488:
2453:
2364:
2297:
2262:
2225:
2217:
2170:
2029:
1737:
1681:
1452:
1316:
1306:
1289:
Misra, H.; Soni, M.; Silawat, N.; Mehta, D.; Mehta, B.K.; Jain, D.C. (April 2011).
1149:
1139:
999:
347:
claims they were the first, in 1971, to commercialize stevia sweetener production.
343:
of the leaves yielding purified steviosides developed as sweeteners. Japanese firm
88:
34:
4283:
1489:
1400:
Bridel, M.; Lavielle, R. (1931). "Sur le principe sucre des feuilles de kaa-he-e (
1070:
Baines, J; et al. (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) (2016).
4318:
3905:
3850:
3830:
3793:
3748:
3551:
3511:
2732:"Consulta Pública nº 86, de 7 de dezembro de 2005. D.O.U de 08/12/2005"
533:
437:
279:, although still not as a food additive. In 1999, prompted by early studies, the
4436:
4248:
4218:
4124:
3992:
3917:
3741:
3703:
3678:
3636:
3599:
2528:
685:
529:
522:
518:
421:
390:
300:
189:
4278:
2492:
2368:
2033:
1003:
275:, after which the FDA revised its stance and permitted stevia to be used as a
4430:
4288:
4223:
4201:
4169:
4104:
3972:
3942:
3922:
3910:
3895:
3880:
3870:
3845:
3648:
3396:
3020:
3003:
1163:
598:
594:
487:
351:
173:
165:
4333:
3225:
1535:
1311:
290:
In December 2008, the FDA gave a "no objection" approval for GRAS status to
4268:
4258:
4228:
4164:
4154:
4134:
4114:
3932:
3730:
3673:
3668:
3611:
3371:
2536:
2500:
2465:
2376:
2309:
2274:
2239:
2182:
2112:"Cargill-DSM joint venture starts commercial-scale production of EverSweet"
2041:
1330:
1171:
1011:
695:
Hong Kong: steviol glycosides approved as food additives since January 2010
688:: Steviol glycosides were approved and regulated as food additives by the
665:
Steviol glycosides became available as a food additive on 30 November 2012.
317:
158:
130:
3074:[What food additives have been excluded form the approved ones?].
2619:. US Food and Drug Administration. 16 August 2019. Import Alert 45-06
4298:
4293:
4238:
4174:
4139:
3947:
3875:
3835:
3569:
3292:
2973:
567:
sweeteners as replacements for sugar might benefit children, people with
355:
3693:
2221:
1144:
788:
United Arab Emirates: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
4405:
4400:
4338:
4323:
4263:
3952:
3860:
3606:
3443:
3438:
3376:
3287:
2767:(Report). Health Canada. 2012. Document Reference Number NOM/ADM-0002.
885:
861:
386:
359:
150:
142:
126:
2301:
2266:
2174:
608:
of steviol glycoside of up to 4 mg/kg of body mass. In 2010, The
593:, stevia leaves have been used traditionally in Paraguay as a women's
4415:
4410:
4208:
4179:
4129:
4071:
3977:
3865:
3771:
3725:
3345:
3036:"Technical regulations for juice products from fruits and vegetables"
835:
829:
823:
575:
514:
267:(FDA) received two petitions requesting that stevia be classified as
252:
92:
2996:
745:
Steviol glycoside approved as food additive (E 960) since June 2012.
499:
4328:
4303:
4021:
4006:
3788:
3715:
3683:
3631:
3584:
3541:
3521:
3506:
3471:
3299:
3004:"Norwegian stevia fact sheet, Norwegian Institute of Public Health"
2738:. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Archived from
2160:
2087:"Evolva signs major agreement with Cargill for EverSweet sweetener"
1592:
preparations have been evaluated by FDA to be used as a sweetener?"
897:
832:, a substance that modifies the perception of sour foods into sweet
638:
632:
568:
445:
408:-based sweetener, but withheld release of beverages sweetened with
154:
110:
1291:"Antidiabetic activity of medium-polar extract from the leaves of
452:. The dried extract contains no less than 95% steviol glycosides.
4233:
4184:
4099:
4089:
4031:
3967:
3937:
3626:
3589:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3481:
3323:
3045:. Russian Federation Federal Law. 27 October 2008. Table 5.
1906:
889:
881:
865:
776:
South Africa: approved since September 2012 and widely available.
590:
552:
541:
503:
477:
462:
449:
441:
397:
378:
371:
340:
337:
295:
146:
100:
1195:. US Food and Drug Administration. 28 April 2017. Archived from
770:
Saudi Arabia: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
659:
Brazil: stevioside extract approved as food additive since 2005.
328:(GRAS) and may be lawfully marketed and added to food products.
4189:
4144:
4084:
4041:
3982:
3927:
3890:
3810:
3805:
3766:
3663:
3653:
3574:
3536:
3476:
3466:
3340:
3328:
3318:
3214:
3072:"Какие пищевые добавки исключили из разрешенных? – Роскачество"
2057:"New Cargill sweetener aims at the giant worldwide cola market"
1125:
857:
759:
Philippines: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
574:
Although both steviol and rebaudioside A have been found to be
291:
203:
114:
2195:
1343:
936:. British & World English. 7 February 2013. Archived from
708:
Steviol glycosides are available as food additives since 2012.
46:
4308:
4149:
4109:
4079:
4026:
4001:
3987:
3735:
3720:
3594:
3561:
3546:
3531:
3418:
3313:
3277:
2921:(Report). Indonesia: Ministry of Health. 2012. Archived from
699:
537:
197:
96:
2351:
Goyal, S.K.; Samsher; Goyal, R.K. (February 2010). "Stevia (
2287:
1193:"Has stevia been approved by FDA to be used as a sweetener?"
782:
Thailand: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
753:
Paraguay: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
748:
The plant itself has not been approved as of September 2012.
728:
Malaysia: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
648:
Argentina: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain
4046:
3761:
3391:
3381:
3262:
1558:"Federal regulators give OK for Cargill's Truvia sweetener"
813:
Vietnam: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
798:
791:
Uruguay: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
764:
682:
Colombia: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain
628:
79:
76:
70:
55:
52:
2734:[Public Consultation nº 86, 7 December 2005]
1350:. Collingswood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. p. 309.
785:
Turkey: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
779:
Taiwan: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
200:, stevia has been widely used as a sweetener for decades.
725:
Korea: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
19:
This article is about the sweetener. For other uses, see
2702:"Stevia gets Australian approval for food and beverages"
2513:
2023:
1632:(Report). Import Alert (1995, rev 1996, 2005 ed.).
756:
Peru: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain.
679:
China: available since 1984, regulatory status uncertain
676:
Chile: available as of 2008, regulatory status uncertain
1993:
1991:
988:
671:
leaf and extracts are available as dietary supplements.
571:, and those wishing to lower their intake of calories.
381:
announced the availability of Truvia, a consumer-brand
134:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
1902:"Coke to sell 'natural' mid-calorie cola in Argentina"
336:
Use of stevia as a sweetener began in Japan, with the
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2401:
Kobylewski, Sarah; Eckhert, Curtis (14 August 2008).
1288:
737:
All steviol glycoside extracts were approved in 2008.
719:
Israel: approved as food additive since January 2012.
654:
All steviol glycoside extracts were approved in 2008.
623:
In August 2019, the US FDA placed an import alert on
64:
40:
2695:
2693:
1988:
1453:"Controversial Products in the Natural Foods Market"
826:, a natural sweetener, derived from an African fruit
521:). Preliminary experiments deduce that the tongue's
73:
67:
49:
43:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
428:plant. To produce steviol glycosides commercially,
350:In the mid-1980s, stevia was commonly used in U.S.
273:
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994
61:
37:
2631:
1871:"Coke to sell drinks with stevia; Pepsi holds off"
1670:
2690:
2400:
2350:
1754:"Coke and Cargill teaming on new drink sweetener"
1295:Bert. (Bertoni) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats"
698:India: In a notification dated 13 November 2015,
532:, steviol glycosides and steviol interact with a
480:and developed jointly with the Coca-Cola Company.
4428:
4199:
2252:
1785:"Coke, Cargill aim for a shake-up in sweeteners"
1783:Etter, Lauren & McKay, Betsy (31 May 2007).
1052:
639:Availability and legal status by country or area
3176:
1444:
1399:
1216:
1214:
627:leaves and crude extracts – which do not have
432:plants are dried and subjected to a hot water
3255:
3241:
2507:
2403:"Toxicology of rebaudioside A: A review"
2396:
2394:
2346:
2344:
2054:
1847:. Decision News Media SAS. 18 December 2008.
1284:
1282:
966:. US English. 7 February 2013. Archived from
2472:
2427:
2017:
1733:"Exploring South America's medicinal plants"
1368:, a related weed with a similar name-origin.
2601:"Detention without physical examination of
2324:"This enzyme is what makes stevia so sweet"
1863:
1680:. Morita Kagaku Kogyo. 2007. Archived from
1514:Safety evaluation of certain food additives
1211:
366:announced plans to obtain approval for its
3248:
3234:
2391:
2341:
2290:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
2255:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
2163:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
1782:
1726:
1724:
1279:
714:leaf is available as a dietary supplement.
235:, 1500–1556) a professor of botany at the
3154:"Stevia approved for use in South Africa"
3019:
2974:"Supplementary Provisions Article 2"
2797:(Report). 11 November 2011. p. 205.
2229:
1833:
1555:
1484:. Scientific Committee on Food (Report).
1406:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
1344:Parsons, W.T.; Cuthbertson, E.G. (2001).
1320:
1310:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1155:1983/618532e2-6caa-4fbe-bd6e-6eb0cb608981
1153:
1143:
618:Center for Science in the Public Interest
558:
2884:Pinto, Viveat Susan (24 November 2015).
2822:
2699:
2595:
2593:
1751:
498:
202:
3028:
2916:Regulation of No. 033 on Food Additives
2791:Commission Regulation (EU) No 1131/2011
2478:
1963:
1730:
1721:
1711:. p. 28 – via Google Books.
1562:Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal
1545:from the original on 10 September 2008.
1450:
1377:
1362:Specifically, this reference refers to
1257:herb shakes up global sweetener market"
1114:
808:supplements and potential for toxicity.
506:, the basic building block of stevia's
172:varies from country to country. In the
4429:
3164:from the original on 23 September 2016
2886:"Sweetener stevia clears FSSAI hurdle"
2795:Official Journal of the European Union
2783:
2578:from the original on 12 September 2015
2572:Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
2415:from the original on 10 September 2015
1931:
1929:
1899:
1893:
1877:. Associated Press. 15 December 2008.
1741:. p. 47 – via Google Books.
1702:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1220:
1178:
1069:
614:Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
494:
483:PureVia is PepsiCo's brand of rebiana.
415:
3229:
3183:Curry, Leslie Lake (28 August 2009).
3182:
3134:from the original on 10 December 2004
2896:from the original on 25 November 2015
2883:
2839:from the original on 27 February 2010
2801:from the original on 20 November 2011
2590:
2560:
2549:
2433:
2005:from the original on 10 December 2022
1881:from the original on 19 December 2008
1598:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
1556:Newmarker, Chris (18 December 2008).
1432:from the original on 6 September 2017
1418:
1245:
1233:from the original on 18 November 2011
1119:
838:, a natural sweetener extracted from
424:of all the steviol glycosides in the
145:in stevia, and therefore it has zero
121:. The active compounds in stevia are
3113:
3052:from the original on 3 November 2012
2700:Danielss, Stephen (7 October 2008).
1945:. Associated Press. 17 December 2008
1937:"FDA approves 2 new sweeteners"
1795:from the original on 24 January 2018
1636:. Import Alert 45-06. Archived from
1510:
1479:Opinion on stevioside as a sweetener
1459:from the original on 18 October 2006
1383:Revista de Agronomia de l'Assomption
1034:"Is Stevia A Good Sugar Substitute?"
563:A 2010 review found that the use of
263:During the 1990s, the United States
188:(FDA) approval for use in food. The
2823:Halliday, Jess (8 September 2009).
2771:from the original on 2 October 2013
1926:
1568:from the original on 1 January 2009
1499:
258:
219:has been used for centuries by the
91:that is about 50 to 300 times
13:
3119:
2944:sweeteners now approved in Israel"
2678:from the original on 13 March 2012
2517:Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem
2434:Geuns, J.M. (2003). "Stevioside".
1752:Stanford, Duane D. (31 May 2007).
1630:leaves, and food containing stevia
1602:from the original on 23 April 2014
1471:
1347:Noxious Weeds of Australia, 2nd ed
1096:from the original on 6 August 2022
794:United States (as of April 2017):
404:announced PureVia, their brand of
314:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
255:that give stevia its sweet taste.
14:
4453:
3207:
2825:"France approves high Reb A
2553:Environmental Protection: Issue 1
2067:from the original on 6 March 2017
1914:from the original on 27 June 2013
1900:Geller, Martinne (26 June 2013).
1851:from the original on 18 June 2009
1267:from the original on 28 July 2017
517:(molecules with other sugars are
331:
3213:
2984:from the original on 6 June 2016
2712:from the original on 27 May 2022
2055:Mike Hughlett (10 August 2013).
223:of South America, who called it
164:The legal status of stevia as a
33:
3185:GRAS Notice No. GRN 000287
3146:
3089:
3064:
2966:
2954:from the original on 6 May 2012
2932:
2908:
2877:
2851:
2816:
2757:
2724:
2543:
2328:Chemical & Engineering News
2316:
2281:
2246:
2189:
2154:
2129:
2104:
2079:
2048:
1957:
1845:sweetener gets US FDA go-ahead"
1807:
1776:
1745:
1696:
1658:from the original on 8 May 2017
1644:
1614:
1580:
1549:
1421:"So sweet, so natural, so L.A."
1412:
1393:
1371:
1337:
1223:"Stevia wins final EU approval"
992:Plant Foods for Human Nutrition
903:
875:
851:
551:A three-dimensional map of the
465:is an abbreviated name for the
141:. Humans cannot metabolize the
3612:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
2355:) a bio-sweetener: A review".
1703:Zeavin, Edna (February 1988).
1419:Drake, Laurie (7 March 2001).
1108:
1026:
982:
952:
922:
610:European Food Safety Authority
16:Sweetener and sugar substitute
1:
2556:. Bracton Press. p. 562.
2458:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00426-6
1731:Keville, Kathi (April 1987).
1705:"The outlaw herbal sweetener"
915:
894:Whole Earth Sweetener Company
662:Canada (as of November 2012)
420:Rebaudioside A has the least
109:, a plant native to areas of
2609:leaves and foods containing
1758:Atlanta Journal-Constitution
1634:Food and Drug Administration
1455:. Herb Research Foundation.
888:of a sweetener developed by
864:of a sweetener developed by
845:
799:generally recognized as safe
586:or its sweetening extracts.
440:techniques, typically using
326:generally recognized as safe
269:generally recognized as safe
265:Food and Drug Administration
186:Food and Drug Administration
182:generally recognized as safe
7:
3424:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
3120:Li, Simon (27 March 2002).
1488:. June 1999. Archived from
817:
377:In May 2008, Coca-Cola and
10:
4458:
2605:leaves, crude extracts of
2529:10.2174/187152510791170960
2028:. 46 Suppl 7 (7): S75–82.
287:found no adverse effects.
242:
133:). Stevia is heat-stable,
18:
4388:
4347:
4070:
3560:
3346:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
3261:
3256:Culinary herbs and spices
3014:(4): 1537. 17 June 1999.
2493:10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.002
2369:10.3109/09637480903193049
2034:10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.004
1079:(Technical report). WHO.
285:World Health Organization
4244:Montreal steak seasoning
3021:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1537
2141:Confectionery Production
1379:Bertoni, Moisés Santiago
1132:The Journal of Nutrition
247:In 1899, Swiss botanist
1789:The Wall Street Journal
1622:Automatic detention of
1408:(Parts 192): 1123–1125.
1312:10.4103/0975-7406.80779
1004:10.1023/A:1008134420339
606:acceptable daily intake
249:Moisés Santiago Bertoni
21:Stevia (disambiguation)
4200:
3122:Fact Sheet: Stevioside
2116:Food Ingredients First
964:Oxforddictionaries.com
934:Oxforddictionaries.com
559:Safety and regulations
510:
320:. Certain high-purity
237:University of Valencia
212:
196:additives in 2011. In
176:, certain high-purity
3160:. 10 September 2012.
2550:Jaffe, Louis (1971).
2202:Nature Communications
1451:McCaleb, Rob (1997).
1299:J Pharm Bioallied Sci
1227:foodmanufacture.co.uk
1221:Stones, Mike (2011).
502:
385:sweetener containing
364:the Coca-Cola Company
206:
4095:Beau monde seasoning
3460:Limnophila aromatica
3222:at Wikimedia Commons
2745:on 18 September 2017
1815:"Truvia ingredients"
692:on 11 November 2011.
370:-derived sweetener,
298:, both of which use
4219:Jamaican jerk spice
3841:Japanese pricklyash
2859:"Cap 132U Schedule"
2450:2003PChem..64..913G
2357:Int J Food Sci Nutr
2261:(47): 11312–11320.
2222:10.1038/ncomms14733
2214:2017NatCo...814733P
2063:. Minneapolis, MN.
1970:Food Product Design
1640:on 30 October 2015.
1626:leaves, extract of
1495:on 23 October 2006.
1486:European Commission
940:on 12 February 2013
690:European Commission
495:Mechanism of action
416:Industrial extracts
396:Shortly afterward,
345:Morita Kagaku Kogyo
324:extracts have been
281:European Commission
233:Petrus James Stevus
180:extracts have been
103:from the leaves of
4195:Herbes de Provence
3826:Grains of paradise
3689:Crushed red pepper
3403:Houttuynia cordata
3097:"Food Regulations"
2863:legislation.gov.hk
2672:flex-news-food.com
2026:Food Chem. Toxicol
1966:"A Guide to Reb-A"
1942:The New York Times
1684:on 27 October 2013
1425:The New York Times
1402:Stevia rebaundiana
1138:(7): 1186S–1205S.
896:, a subsidiary of
767:is still approved.
705:Indonesia: (2012)
511:
277:dietary supplement
229:Pedro Jaime Esteve
213:
170:dietary supplement
123:steviol glycosides
4442:Sugar substitutes
4424:
4423:
4396:Chinese herbology
4274:Pumpkin pie spice
4254:Old Bay Seasoning
4214:Italian seasoning
4160:Five-spice powder
3462:(rice-paddy herb)
3305:Indian bay leaf (
3218:Media related to
3158:Foodstuffsa.co.za
2890:Business Standard
2833:foodnavigator.com
2481:Food Chem Toxicol
2353:Stevia rebaudiana
2302:10.1021/jf052693e
2267:10.1021/jf404018g
2175:10.1021/jf301297n
2169:(27): 6782–6793.
1875:The Seattle Times
1709:East West Journal
1527:978-92-4-166054-9
1357:978-0-643-06514-7
1293:Stevia rebaudiana
1263:. 28 March 2010.
1145:10.1093/jn/nxy102
1086:978-92-4-069586-3
1040:. 19 January 2021
870:Coca-Cola Company
805:Stevia rebaudiana
669:Stevia rebaudiana
584:Stevia rebaudiana
565:Stevia rebaudiana
456:Stevia rebaudiana
430:Stevia rebaudiana
426:Stevia rebaudiana
310:Stevia rebaudiana
306:Stevia rebaudiana
304:derived from the
217:Stevia rebaudiana
209:Stevia rebaudiana
194:Stevia rebaudiana
137:-stable, and not
119:Amazon rainforest
106:Stevia rebaudiana
4449:
4205:
4012:Tasmanian pepper
3993:Sichuan pepper (
3948:Pomegranate seed
3762:Dill / Dill seed
3617:Brazilian pepper
3580:Alligator pepper
3334:garlic / Chinese
3250:
3243:
3236:
3227:
3226:
3217:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3191:on 29 March 2011
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3133:
3126:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3109:on 8 March 2012.
3108:
3101:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3051:
3040:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2948:greenprophet.com
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2920:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2737:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2708:. William Reed.
2697:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2664:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2296:(7): 2794–2798.
2285:
2279:
2278:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2233:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1976:on 26 March 2009
1972:. Archived from
1964:Purkayastha, S.
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1821:on 7 August 2009
1817:. Archived from
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1760:. Archived from
1749:
1743:
1742:
1738:Vegetarian Times
1728:
1719:
1718:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1519:
1508:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1483:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1375:
1369:
1365:Stevia eupatoria
1361:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1314:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1189:
1176:
1175:
1157:
1147:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1078:
1067:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1030:
1024:
1023:
986:
980:
979:
977:
975:
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
926:
910:
907:
901:
879:
873:
855:
508:sweet glycosides
472:
411:
322:stevia glycoside
303:
259:Early regulation
178:stevia glycoside
117:in the southern
89:sugar substitute
86:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
58:
57:
54:
51:
48:
45:
42:
39:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4384:
4343:
4319:Tandoori masala
4066:
3943:Peruvian pepper
3831:Grains of Selim
3816:Aromatic ginger
3749:Bunium persicum
3556:
3257:
3254:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3165:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3078:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2928:on 30 May 2013.
2925:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2821:
2817:
2804:
2802:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2674:. 1 July 2008.
2666:
2665:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2548:
2544:
2512:
2508:
2477:
2473:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2399:
2392:
2349:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2286:
2282:
2251:
2247:
2194:
2190:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2053:
2049:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1750:
1746:
1729:
1722:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1654:. 1 June 2016.
1650:
1649:
1645:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1528:
1517:
1509:
1500:
1492:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1417:
1413:
1398:
1394:
1376:
1372:
1358:
1342:
1338:
1287:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1261:The Independent
1251:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1199:on 29 July 2017
1191:
1190:
1179:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1076:
1068:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1027:
987:
983:
973:
971:
958:
957:
953:
943:
941:
928:
927:
923:
918:
913:
908:
904:
880:
876:
856:
852:
848:
820:
641:
561:
534:protein channel
523:taste receptors
519:polysaccharides
497:
470:
438:crystallization
418:
409:
334:
299:
261:
245:
221:Guaraní peoples
60:
36:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4455:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4389:Related topics
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4249:Mulling spices
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4125:Cinnamon sugar
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4037:Voatsiperifery
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3786:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3742:Nigella sativa
3733:
3728:
3726:Coriander seed
3723:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3353:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3275:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3209:
3208:External links
3206:
3203:
3202:
3175:
3145:
3112:
3088:
3063:
3027:
2995:
2965:
2931:
2907:
2876:
2850:
2815:
2782:
2756:
2723:
2689:
2630:
2613:leaves and/or
2589:
2559:
2542:
2523:(2): 113–127.
2506:
2487:(7): S83–S91.
2471:
2444:(5): 913–921.
2437:Phytochemistry
2426:
2390:
2340:
2315:
2280:
2245:
2188:
2153:
2128:
2103:
2078:
2047:
2016:
1987:
1956:
1925:
1892:
1862:
1832:
1806:
1775:
1764:on 3 June 2007
1744:
1720:
1695:
1669:
1643:
1613:
1588:"What refined
1579:
1548:
1526:
1498:
1470:
1443:
1411:
1392:
1370:
1356:
1336:
1305:(2): 242–248.
1278:
1244:
1210:
1177:
1118:
1107:
1085:
1051:
1025:
998:(2): 119–129.
981:
951:
920:
919:
917:
914:
912:
911:
902:
874:
849:
847:
844:
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827:
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686:European Union
683:
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677:
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666:
660:
657:
656:
655:
649:
640:
637:
578:in laboratory
560:
557:
530:basic research
496:
493:
492:
491:
484:
481:
474:
471:rebaudioside A
417:
414:
410:rebaudioside A
391:Coca-Cola Life
333:
332:Commercial use
330:
301:rebaudioside A
260:
257:
244:
241:
190:European Union
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4454:
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4312:
4310:
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4300:
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4289:Ras el hanout
4287:
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4284:Quatre épices
4282:
4280:
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4240:
4237:
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4232:
4230:
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4225:
4224:Khmeli suneli
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4217:
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4196:
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4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4170:Garlic powder
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
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4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4105:Bouquet garni
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
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4063:
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3879:
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3872:
3871:Litsea cubeba
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3846:Juniper berry
3844:
3842:
3839:
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3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
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3817:
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3734:
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3727:
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3705:
3702:
3700:
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3677:
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3672:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3649:Celery powder
3647:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
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3483:
3480:
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3470:
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3463:
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3457:
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3454:Lemon verbena
3452:
3450:
3447:
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3442:
3440:
3437:
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3425:
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3325:
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3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
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3303:
3301:
3298:
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3291:
3289:
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3276:
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3273:
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3159:
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3037:
3031:
3022:
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3009:
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2924:
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2860:
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2828:
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2800:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2770:
2766:
2760:
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2733:
2727:
2711:
2707:
2706:FoodNavigator
2703:
2696:
2694:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2659:
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2653:
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2439:
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2091:Foodbev Media
2088:
2082:
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2062:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1896:
1880:
1876:
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1866:
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1844:
1836:
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1779:
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997:
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985:
970:on 9 May 2013
969:
965:
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939:
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925:
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734:New Zealand:
733:
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647:
646:
645:
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615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
599:control group
596:
595:contraceptive
592:
587:
585:
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577:
572:
570:
566:
556:
554:
549:
545:
543:
539:
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528:According to
526:
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505:
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407:
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352:natural foods
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286:
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211:
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183:
179:
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174:United States
171:
167:
166:food additive
162:
160:
156:
153:described as
152:
148:
144:
140:
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128:
124:
120:
116:
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108:
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102:
98:
94:
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87:) is a sweet
84:
30:
26:
22:
4269:Powder-douce
4259:Panch phoron
4229:Lemon pepper
4165:Garam masala
4155:Fines herbes
4135:Curry powder
4115:Chaat masala
3994:
3973:Sarsaparilla
3933:Onion powder
3881:Mango-ginger
3747:
3740:
3674:Chili powder
3459:
3449:Lemon myrtle
3406:
3402:
3357:
3356:Vietnamese (
3306:
3270:
3220:Stevia sugar
3193:. Retrieved
3189:the original
3178:
3168:22 September
3166:. Retrieved
3157:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3115:
3104:the original
3091:
3079:. Retrieved
3076:Roskachestvo
3075:
3066:
3054:. Retrieved
3043:ec.europa.eu
3042:
3030:
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3008:EFSA Journal
3007:
2998:
2986:. Retrieved
2977:
2968:
2956:. Retrieved
2947:
2941:
2934:
2923:the original
2910:
2900:22 September
2898:. Retrieved
2889:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2862:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2832:
2826:
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2803:. Retrieved
2794:
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2759:
2747:. Retrieved
2740:the original
2726:
2714:. Retrieved
2705:
2680:. Retrieved
2671:
2621:. Retrieved
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2327:
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2094:. Retrieved
2090:
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2069:. Retrieved
2061:Star Tribune
2060:
2050:
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2007:. Retrieved
1978:. Retrieved
1974:the original
1969:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1940:
1916:. Retrieved
1905:
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1883:. Retrieved
1874:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1842:
1835:
1823:. Retrieved
1819:the original
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1788:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1762:the original
1757:
1747:
1736:
1713:
1712:
1708:
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1686:. Retrieved
1682:the original
1672:
1660:. Retrieved
1646:
1638:the original
1627:
1623:
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1604:. Retrieved
1595:
1589:
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1570:. Retrieved
1561:
1551:
1513:
1490:the original
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1446:
1436:15 September
1434:. Retrieved
1423:
1414:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1381:(1899). "".
1373:
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1260:
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1226:
1201:. Retrieved
1197:the original
1135:
1131:
1121:
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1072:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:Doc Journals
1037:
1028:
995:
991:
984:
972:. Retrieved
968:the original
963:
954:
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938:the original
933:
924:
905:
877:
853:
804:
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642:
624:
622:
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318:prison labor
309:
305:
289:
262:
246:
232:
224:
216:
214:
207:
193:
177:
163:
131:rebaudioside
104:
28:
27:
25:
4368:Bangladeshi
4299:Sharena sol
4294:Recado rojo
4279:Qâlat daqqa
4239:Mixed spice
4175:Garlic salt
4140:Doubanjiang
3876:Long pepper
3836:Horseradish
3654:Celery seed
3527:Sanshō leaf
3444:Lemon grass
3138:8 September
3081:28 February
2829:sweeteners"
2805:15 November
2775:26 November
2623:23 November
2363:(1): 1–10.
2009:10 December
1885:16 December
1572:18 December
1404: B)".
1237:22 November
1100:10 December
974:13 February
944:13 February
801:" ("GRAS").
651:Australia:
589:Used as an
402:Pure Circle
356:health food
139:fermentable
4431:Categories
4406:Marination
4401:Herbal tea
4363:Australian
4359:By region
4334:Yuzu koshō
4324:Thuna paha
4264:Persillade
4017:Tonka bean
3953:Poppy seed
3861:Dried lime
3784:Fingerroot
3699:New Mexico
3607:Asafoetida
3439:Lemon balm
3397:Hoja santa
3377:Curry leaf
2988:11 January
2843:23 January
2749:2 February
2716:3 December
1463:8 November
1044:27 January
916:References
886:brand-name
862:brand-name
542:synergetic
434:extraction
422:bitterness
387:erythritol
360:NutraSweet
253:glycosides
215:The plant
151:aftertaste
143:glycosides
127:stevioside
4416:Spice rub
4411:Seasoning
4378:Pakistani
4209:Idli podi
4180:Gochujang
4130:Crab boil
4047:Yuzu zest
3978:Sassafras
3866:Liquorice
3772:Fenugreek
3709:Cultivars
2978:houko.com
2892:. India.
2617:extracts"
2582:19 August
2419:19 August
2333:22 August
2208:: 14733.
1164:0022-3166
846:Footnotes
840:monkfruit
836:Mogroside
830:Miraculin
824:Thaumatin
576:mutagenic
515:aglycones
469:extract,
225:ka'a he'ê
192:approved
157:-like or
101:extracted
4355:Culinary
4329:Vadouvan
4304:Shichimi
4202:Húng lìu
4022:Turmeric
4007:Tamarind
3856:Korarima
3789:Galangal
3757:Deulkkae
3716:Cinnamon
3694:Jalapeño
3684:Chipotle
3632:Cardamom
3585:Allspice
3552:Woodruff
3542:Tarragon
3507:Rosemary
3472:Marjoram
3434:Lavender
3429:Kkaennip
3367:Culantro
3351:Bolivian
3300:Bay leaf
3272:Angelica
3162:Archived
3129:Archived
3056:15 April
3047:Archived
2982:Archived
2952:Archived
2950:. 2012.
2894:Archived
2837:Archived
2799:Archived
2769:Archived
2710:Archived
2676:Archived
2576:Archived
2568:"Stevia"
2537:20370653
2501:18556105
2466:14561506
2410:Archived
2385:24564964
2377:19961353
2310:16569078
2275:24206531
2240:28361903
2183:22616809
2065:Archived
2042:18554769
2003:Archived
1980:28 March
1912:Archived
1879:Archived
1849:Archived
1793:Archived
1678:"Stevia"
1662:14 April
1656:Archived
1606:22 March
1600:Archived
1566:Archived
1540:Archived
1536:70637287
1457:Archived
1430:Archived
1331:21687353
1265:Archived
1231:Archived
1172:29982648
1091:Archived
1089:. 1000.
1020:38718610
1012:10646559
960:"Stevia"
930:"Stevia"
898:Merisant
892:and the
868:and the
818:See also
742:Norway:
633:toxicity
580:in vitro
569:diabetes
553:proteins
446:methanol
155:licorice
147:calories
125:(mainly
111:Paraguay
99:. It is
4339:Za'atar
4234:Mitmita
4185:Harissa
4100:Berbere
4090:Baharat
4057:Zereshk
4052:Zedoary
4032:Vanilla
3995:huājiāo
3968:Saffron
3958:Radhuni
3938:Paprika
3923:Njangsa
3918:Nigella
3896:Mustard
3794:greater
3704:Tabasco
3679:Cayenne
3659:Charoli
3627:Caraway
3622:Camphor
3590:Amchoor
3502:Perilla
3497:Parsley
3492:Oregano
3487:Mitsuba
3482:Mugwort
3407:giấp cá
3387:Epazote
3358:rau răm
3324:Chervil
3195:17 July
2958:5 April
2869:22 June
2682:5 April
2446:Bibcode
2231:5380970
2210:Bibcode
2146:13 June
2121:13 June
2096:13 June
2071:5 March
1918:27 June
1907:Reuters
1596:fda.gov
1322:3103919
1271:13 July
1203:27 July
890:PepsiCo
884:is the
882:PureVia
866:Cargill
860:is the
591:extract
536:called
504:Steviol
478:Cargill
463:Rebiana
450:solvent
442:ethanol
398:PepsiCo
379:Cargill
372:Rebiana
341:extract
338:aqueous
296:PureVia
243:History
93:sweeter
4373:Indian
4190:Hawaij
4145:Douchi
4120:Chaunk
4085:Advieh
4080:Adjika
4072:Blends
4042:Wasabi
3983:Sesame
3928:Nutmeg
3891:Mahleb
3886:Mastic
3821:Golpar
3811:Ginger
3806:Garlic
3799:lesser
3767:Fennel
3664:Chenpi
3644:Cassia
3575:Ajwain
3570:Aonori
3562:Spices
3537:Sorrel
3522:Savory
3467:Lovage
3414:Hyssop
3341:Cicely
3329:Chives
3319:Borage
3307:tejpat
2942:Stevia
2827:Stevia
2615:Stevia
2611:Stevia
2607:Stevia
2603:Stevia
2535:
2499:
2464:
2383:
2375:
2308:
2273:
2238:
2228:
2181:
2040:
1949:11 May
1855:11 May
1843:Stevia
1825:15 May
1799:1 June
1768:31 May
1714:Stevia
1688:5 July
1628:Stevia
1624:Stevia
1590:Stevia
1534:
1524:
1354:
1329:
1319:
1255:Stevia
1170:
1162:
1083:
1018:
1010:
858:Truvia
712:Stevia
625:Stevia
467:Stevia
406:Stevia
383:Stevia
368:Stevia
292:Truvia
159:bitter
115:Brazil
29:Stevia
4437:Herbs
4348:Lists
4314:Tajin
4309:Tabil
4150:Duqqa
4110:Buknu
4027:Uzazi
4002:Sumac
3988:Shiso
3911:white
3906:brown
3901:black
3851:Kokum
3736:Cumin
3731:Cubeb
3721:Clove
3669:Chili
3637:black
3595:Anise
3547:Thyme
3532:Shiso
3419:Jimbu
3372:Cress
3314:Boldo
3293:Lemon
3278:Basil
3263:Herbs
3132:(PDF)
3125:(PDF)
3107:(PDF)
3100:(PDF)
3050:(PDF)
3039:(PDF)
2926:(PDF)
2919:(PDF)
2743:(PDF)
2736:(PDF)
2413:(PDF)
2406:(PDF)
2381:S2CID
1543:(PDF)
1518:(PDF)
1493:(PDF)
1482:(PDF)
1389:: 35.
1094:(PDF)
1077:(PDF)
1016:S2CID
700:FSSAI
538:TRPM5
198:Japan
97:sugar
95:than
4062:Zest
3963:Rose
3777:blue
3600:star
3517:Sage
3477:Mint
3392:Hemp
3382:Dill
3288:Thai
3283:Holy
3197:2020
3170:2016
3140:2003
3083:2024
3058:2011
2990:2018
2960:2012
2902:2016
2871:2011
2845:2010
2807:2011
2777:2013
2751:2019
2718:2022
2684:2012
2625:2019
2584:2015
2533:PMID
2497:PMID
2462:PMID
2421:2015
2373:PMID
2335:2019
2306:PMID
2271:PMID
2236:PMID
2179:PMID
2148:2021
2123:2021
2098:2021
2073:2017
2038:PMID
2011:2022
1982:2009
1951:2009
1920:2013
1887:2008
1857:2009
1827:2008
1801:2007
1770:2007
1690:2023
1664:2017
1608:2014
1574:2008
1532:OCLC
1522:ISBN
1465:2006
1438:2017
1352:ISBN
1327:PMID
1273:2017
1239:2011
1205:2017
1168:PMID
1160:ISSN
1102:2022
1081:ISBN
1046:2021
1008:PMID
976:2013
946:2013
765:E960
629:GRAS
400:and
354:and
294:and
129:and
113:and
3512:Rue
3016:doi
2525:doi
2489:doi
2454:doi
2365:doi
2298:doi
2263:doi
2226:PMC
2218:doi
2171:doi
2030:doi
1317:PMC
1307:doi
1150:hdl
1140:doi
1136:148
1000:doi
488:DSM
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