3063:, 26 January 2016. Full citation (translated from Dutch): "Late last year, Saudi Arabia has forged an alliance of 34 groups that should represent the whole opposition at the negotiations – the High Negotiation Committee. (…) In the lead up to the peace talks, Saudi Arabia has forged an alliance of 34 political and armed groups that should represent the opposition in Geneva. But that alliance does by far not include all Syrian opposition groups. The alliance is being supported by France, Turkey and Qatar. But Russia objects to the fact that radical islamic groups as Ahrar al-Sham and Jaish al-Islam are part of the alliance. (…) Turkey supports the High Negotiation Committee and fiercely opposes participation of Syrian Kurds."
636:
725:, proposed a three-point plan that would bring the Syrian government and opposition to the negotiation table and result in Assad stepping down as president. But, according to Ahtisaari, the US, Britain, and France rejected that proposal, being convinced that fall of Assad's government was inevitable. "It was an opportunity lost in 2012," he said in an interview in September 2015. Other Western diplomats refute Ahtisaari's claims, with one stating, "I very much doubt the P3 refused or dismissed any such strategy offer at the time. The questions were more to do with sequencing—the beginning or end of process—and with Russia's ability to deliver—to get Assad to step down."
1355:
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43:
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770:(Joint Special Envoy for the United Nations and the Arab League), launched in March 2012, intended to commit both the Syrian government and opposition to a cease fire and commit the Syrian government to initiate deliberations with the opposition on their aspirations and concerns. After Annan on 12 April had assumed that both parties had agreed to a cease fire, the UN already on 1 May had to admit that both parties were violating it.
1467:. In those areas, combat operations would be halted as of 6 May 2017; it also envisaged suspension of flights of military aircraft in those areas, as well as the creation of conditions for humanitarian access, medical assistance, the return of displaced civilians to their homes and the restoration of damaged infrastructure. The memorandum was concluded for six months and could be extended automatically.
1203:, foreign ministers of Russia and the U.S., as co-chairs of the ISSG, announced that they had concluded a deal to seek a nationwide cessation of hostilities in Syria to begin a week later. The deal set out the Terms for a Cessation of Hostilities in Syria. Russia and the U.S. proposed that the cessation of hostilities commence at 00:00 (Damascus time) on 27 February 2016.
1029:, Saudi Arabia, on 10 December produced a statement of principles to guide peace talks with the Syrian government, Syrian president Bashar Assad said he would not negotiate with "foreign terrorists." Russia also rejected the outcome of the meeting in Riyadh, which it said was unrepresentative and included terrorist groups.
1644:, with 15 members from the government, opposition, and civil society, respectively, started in late August 2020. Pedersen stated that he had "received a 'strong signal of support' from 'key international players' and from "all sides in the Constitutional Committee" for the continuation of the peace process.
1714:
The 16th
International High-Level Meeting on Syria within the Astana Process was held in Astana on 7–8 July 2021. Representatives from the Syrian government, Syrian opposition were present, as well as delegations from Iran, Russia, Turkey and others. High representative observers from the UN, Jordan,
1176:
UN Special Envoy for Syria
Staffan de Mistura announced appointment of a 12-woman advisory body, name the Women's Advisory Board (or "WAB" for short) on 2 February 2016. WAB members include opposition, government sympathizers, and Islamist-tending women. The WAB, however, is politically unaffiliated;
1017:
were held in Vienna with foreign ministers of 20 countries participating: U.S., Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, China, United
Kingdom, France, Italy, Germany and other countries. The ministers agreed on the need of the Syrian government and opposition to start political talks. The second round of
1737:
Members of the "Small Group" responsible for writing the constitution, consisting of 15 representatives from the Syrian
Government, non-governmental organizations, and the Syrian opposition, met for the eighth round of talks at a Geneva hotel under UN Special Envoy for Syria Geir Pedersen. There had
1424:
Two days of talks on strengthening the ceasefire regime (see above, Dec. 2016) in the nearly six-year-old Syrian conflict ended 16 Feb in Astana with the adoption of a document to formalise monitoring of the 29 December 2016, ceasefire agreement (see above). The document will guide the activities of
1530:
The eighth round of the Astana
Process on Syrian peace started in Astana. The talks aimed at ending the nearly seven-year-long conflict in the country, with the humanitarian crisis in the besieged Eastern Ghouta suburb of Damascus at the table. The head of the Syrian Arab Republic delegation called
1517:
The seventh round of the Astana
Process on Syrian peace started in Astana with support of both Russia and Iran. The talks maintained previous Astana Process agreements, addressed exchange of detainees, POWs and missing persons. The guarantor states—Russia, Turkey, and Iran—affirmed consensus that a
1377:
The start of talks in Astana was described as the "Astana-isation" of the Geneva talks, implying a shift towards the Syrian opposition conducting military operations and away from
Syrians with only political influence. The talks took place on 23 and 24 January; the first day ended without the sides
1195:
On 12 February 2016, the
International Syria Support Group (ISSG) established an ISSG ceasefire task force, under the auspices of the UN, co-chaired by Russia and the United States, and issued a joint communique saying inter alia: "An ISSG task force will within one week elaborate modalities for a
733:
On 7 November 2013, Russia again announced it was trying to broker talks in Moscow between the Syrian government and opposition, seeing that the U.S. and
Russian negotiators failed to agree on whether or not Assad should be forced out of office. Russia's Deputy Foreign Minister Bogdanov said, the
1032:
After John Kerry visited Moscow where he met his
Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov as well as Vladimir Putin on 15 December, it was announced that on 18 December 2015 world powers would meet in New York to pass a UN resolution endorsing the principles of the Syria peace process.
3401:"Совместное заявление министров иностранных дел Исламской Республики Иран, Российской Федерации, Турецкой Республики по согласованным мерам, направленным на оживление политического процесса с целью прекращения сирийского конфликта, Москва, 20 декабря 2016 года"
1721:
This round of talks focused largely on the humanitarian situation in Syria. All participants called upon the international community and the UN to increase assistance to Syria including infrastructure such as water, food, electricity, schools, and hospitals.
792:, said that the conference agreed on the need for a "transitional government body with full executive powers" which could include members of the present Syrian government and of the opposition. William Hague said that all five permanent members of the
860:, and 3 or 4 days after it. Government and most of the opposition groups said 'yes' to his appeal. Yet, according to Brahimi, the lull in the fighting lasted very short, after which both parties accused the other of not having stopped its violence.
1366:, in Astana for indirect talks titled the International Meeting on Syrian Settlement, sponsored by Russia, Turkey and Iran. Astana was agreed on as the venue, since it was viewed as neutral by all the parties involved. The opposition side included
558:
began in late 2011, when the Arab League launched two initiatives, but without much success. Russia in January 2012 and in November 2013 suggested talks in Moscow between the Syrian government and the opposition. In March–May 2012, hopes were on a
617:
in 2017. The Kazakh officials are offering Astana as a neutral venue and "a natural home" for peace negotiations on Syria. The latest major effort to bring about an end to the war started in October 2019 in Geneva with the convening of the
1738:
been a slight breakthrough during the sixth-round meetings in Geneva on Oct. 18-22, when the Syrian Government's delegation co-chair Ahmed Kuzbari sat at the same table for the first time with the co-chair of the opposition Hadi al-Bahra.
695:
On 30 January 2012, the Russian foreign ministry suggested "informal" talks in Moscow between the Syrian government and opposition, and said the Syrian authorities had already agreed to the Russian offer. Abdel Baset Seda, a member of the
1385:
After the talks in January 2017, Russia offered a draft for a future constitution of Syria, which would inter alia turn the "Syrian Arab Republic" into the "Republic of Syria", introduce decentralized authorities as well as elements of
1425:
a joint operational group to be formed by Russia, Turkey and Iran that was agreed to be set up during the earlier meeting in January in Astana. The document is also meant to guide confidence-building measures among the opposing sides.
1163:
Rebel commanders were cited as saying they hoped the peace talks' collapse would "convince their foreign backers, states including Turkey and Saudi Arabia, that it was time to send them more powerful and advanced weapons, including
796:—the US, Russia, China, France and the UK—supported Mr Annan's efforts. Clinton however suggested that Syrian dictator Assad could, in such transitional government, not remain in power, which immediately was contradicted by Lavrov.
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The third round of meetings in Astana held between 14 and 15 March yielded further agreement by all parties to the existing ceasefire agreement. As a result of these talks, Iran joined Turkey and Russia as a guarantor state.
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1107:, but did not include Syrian Kurds and not include some moderate opposition members supported by Russia. Two of the 34 members are women, augmented by a women-only advisory body known as the Women's Consultative Committee.
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The WAB has been criticized for the lack of transparency in member selection, with allegations that it is unrepresentative. The Syrian Women's Network went as far as to withdraw from the WAB based on these critiques.
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the Vienna talks held in mid-November produced an agreement on the need to convene Syrian government and opposition representatives in formal negotiations under UN auspices with a target date of 1 January 2016.
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meeting in Geneva. The committee is planned to include 50 people each from government, opposition and civil society, with 15 from each group to work specifically on drafting proposals for a constitution.
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that the SNC had not received any formal invitation for such talks, but would decline if one arrived: "Our position has not changed and it is that there is no dialogue with (President Bashar al-Assad)".
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in charge of organising Syria talks. However, the major powers remained divided on who should represent the Syrian opposition; no mention was made of the future role of Syrian President Bashar Assad.
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The deal was not signed by Syrian government or rebel groups; rebel representatives rejected it because it left too many loopholes for the Syrian government to continue bombing civilian areas. The
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The High Negotiation Committee was tasked with identifying 15 individuals willing and able to serve on the official opposition delegation to the Geneva III negotiations, of which 3 were women.
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The ISSG countries are supposed to monitor compliance with the terms of the truce, which was pronounced as of 29 February 2016, when the ISSG task force met in Geneva, to be largely holding.
3176:
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1416:. The talks began on 23 February 2017 and concluded on 3 March. The government delegation sought to focus on counter-terrorism while the opposition sought to focus on political transition.
4254:
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786:, and attended by US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov, a representative of China, British Foreign Secretary Hague, and Kofi Annan. Mr Annan, issuing a
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As a precursor to these peace talks, on 9 July 2017 at 0900 GMT, an American-Russian-Jordanian brokered ceasefire commenced, though on 14 July, opposition groups participating in the
831:
and attended by leaders of 120 countries, Iran intended to draw up a new peace resolution aiming to resolve the Syrian civil war. but a consensus was not reached between the leaders.
360:
3001:
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The talks ended without any definitive ceasefire agreement, reportedly due to the anti–government side's refusal to accept new Russian terms regarding control of the Idlib province.
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The Geneva IV peace talks on Syria were talks between the Syrian government and the Syrian opposition under the auspices of the United Nations. The opposition was represented by the
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Russia however said that those gathered in Riyadh did not represent all opposition groups and therefore were not in a position to speak on behalf of the entire Syrian opposition.
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4713:
4135:
3077:, 30 January 2016. Full citation (from the Dutch): "…only the delegation of the regime and some members of the moderate opposition supported by Russia had come down to Geneva".
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The ninth round of the Astana Process on Syrian peace took place on 16 March 2018. The trilateral ministerial meeting on Syria was to include Iran, Russia and Turkey.
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The fifth round of peace talks initially planned for 5–7 July 2017 in Astana, Kazakhstan were moved to 12–15 July 2017. The Astana Process has the support of the UN's
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accepted the proposal. This initiative has been criticized by some of Syrian Opposition members. On 25—27 May 2015, a number of Syrian Opposition groups convened in
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scheduled for 2016 to be held under the supervision of the international community; Nursultan Nazarbayev was asked to step in as a mediator in the Syrian conflict.
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In February 2012, the then French President Sarkozy initiated an international "contact group" to find a solution for the Syrian conflict, after Russia and China
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886:, tried to pursue the conference in close cooperation with the U.S. and Russia. It started on 22 January 2014 and ended on 31 January; no agreement was reached.
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1300:—was not invited to the talks. ISIL, the al-Nusra Front, and the YPG were excluded from the ceasefire, and the following rebel groups signed up for the truce:
3707:
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rejected the ceasefire, with clashes resuming across Southern Syria. Besides minor violations from all sides involved, as of 15 July, the ceasefire has held.
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France announced that "the Syrian opposition" had reached an agreement and had "adopted a common program" in Riyadh. Apart from France and Saudi Arabia, also
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2005:
1382:, and ended on the 24th with an agreement between Iran, Russia, and Turkey to form a joint monitoring body to work to enforce the Resolution 2254 ceasefire.
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On 14 September 2017, representatives of Iran, Russia and Turkey in Astana agreed on the implementation of a fourth "de-escalation zone", in the northern
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657:(AL) twice tried to accomplish an end to Syrian government (and opposition) violence and convince both parties to start talks instead of fighting.
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1074:, aiming at unifying Syria's opposition groups and forming an opposition delegation for the planned negotiations with the Syrian government (see
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and all other states to pressure Syria strongly to adhere to the AL peace plan. The Arab League on 28 January 2012 ended its monitoring mission.
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4586:"Ninth round of Astana-hosted Syria talks to take place after Syria truce guarantor countries' FMs in Astana - Kazakh Foreign Ministry (Part 2"
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On 23 January 2017, a Syrian opposition delegation that included twelve rebel factions convened with Syria's government delegation, headed by
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1048:'s transitional plan that set out a timetable for formal talks and a unity government within six months; the resolution put UN special envoy
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The talks were mediated by Kazakh Deputy Foreign Minister Askar Mussinov and Director of the French Centre for Political and Foreign Affairs
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on Syrian Army troops on 17 September, of which the US claimed it was an accident, the Syrian government declared the ceasefire to be over.
882:-backed international (peace) conference, aimed at bringing Syrian government and opposition together to discuss a transitional government.
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On 4 May 2017, at the fourth round of the Astana talks, representatives of Russia, Iran, and Turkey signed a memorandum to establish four "
1288:
On 28 December 2016, Turkey and Russia agreed on a nationwide ceasefire plan for Syria to go into effect at 00:00 on 30 December 2016. The
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2887:"Security Council Unanimously Adopts Resolution 2254 (2015), Endorsing Road Map for Peace Process in Syria, Setting Timetable for Talks"
1718:
In a joint statement, Russia, Iran, and Turkey reaffirmed their stance to oppose separatist plans aimed at undermining a unified Syria.
1509:. Kazakh Foreign Minister Kairat Abdrakhmanov affirmed Kazakhstan's commitment to serving as a neutral venue for continued peace talks.
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A second conference was held in Astana on 2–4 October 2015; the assembled Opposition groups adopted a declaration that called for the
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3228:"Joint Statement of the United States and the Russian Federation, as Co-Chairs of the ISSG, on Cessation of Hostilities in Syria"
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On 22 October 2021, yet another round of peace talks failed to reach common ground. No date for the next round was determined.
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1146:. At the first day, Syrian government and opposition refused to sit in the same room together. On 3 February 2016, UN envoy
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for the "immediate and unconditional withdrawal of foreign forces from Syrian territory" including Turkish and US forces.
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government and a US-supported coalition of so-called 'mainstream Syrian opposition rebel groups' including umbrella group
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between Syrian authorities, opposition groups and civil society groups to take place prior to a planned October 2019
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of Turkey agreed to suggest Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, as a new venue for carrying on the Syria peace talks.
852:, appealed on both the Syrian government and the armed opposition to stop the killing during the Islamic festival of
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2155:"Concluding remarks by Joint Special Envoy Kofi Annan at the Meeting of Action Group on Syria - Geneva, 30June2012"
1160:
commented that "the opposition took a completely unconstructive position and tried to put forward preconditions".
325:
4158:"Note to Correspondents: Transcript of the press conference by the UN Special Envoy for Syria, Staffan de Mistura"
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the board does not participate directly in the negotiations but does advise the UN mediator on all proceedings.
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Survey: Opinions and Current attitudes towards International Agreements on Syria. The Day After. November 2016
2154:
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Russia's special envoy on Syria and lead negotiator to the Astana talks, Alexander Lavrentyev, 23 January 2017
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4503:"Update-al-Jaafari: We demand immediate and unconditional withdrawal of foreign forces from Syrian territory"
1338:
The political efforts by Russia and Turkey were endorsed by the UN Resolution 2336 adopted 31 December 2016.
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1667:(then named Nur-Sultan), on 10 December 2019 for two days of trilateral talks known as the Astana process.
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reaching an agreement. The "Astana Process" talks aimed to support the framework in accordance with the
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4896:"Astana Process Participants Express Conviction About Need for Diplomatic Solution to Syrian Conflict"
2363:"Syrian Opposition Meeting in Astana Makes Tentative Headway in Finding Way Forward for Peace Process"
2256:"Syrian Opposition Meeting in Astana Makes Tentative Headway in Finding Way Forward for Peace Process"
946:. There had been no peace talks on Syria since the Geneva II meetings in early 2014 ended in failure.
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An agreement emerged on 12 December: 34 opposition groups and individuals allied themselves as 'the
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4530:"Shaky start to Syria peace talks in Russia as opposition delegates refuse to leave Sochi airport"
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1040:, having overcome the gridlock on Syria that had persisted since October 2011, unanimously passed
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5937:
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5467:
4849:"Deadly Russian bombardment of Idlib is response to 'opposition rejection of land-grab proposal'"
4559:
1747:
1464:
1387:
697:
384:
4477:"Humanitarian crisis in Eastern Ghouta discussed at eighth round of Syria peace talks in Astana"
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4746:"'Historic' new Syria talks should focus on relief for war-weary civilians, says UN negotiator"
4279:
1925:
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like "association areas", strengthen the parliament at the cost of the presidency, and realize
1281:
On 20 December 2016, the foreign ministers of Iran, Turkey, and Russia agreed, pursuant to the
1165:
964:, an ally of the Syrian government, announced a six-month truce between the rebel-held town of
894:
In early April, Randa Kassis asked the Kazakh President to host talks in Astana. The President
743:
449:
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416:
3796:
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Governorates; the other three zones were set up in the northern rebel-controlled parts of the
1220:
On 10 September 2016, Russia and U.S. reached a deal on establishing a cease fire between the
916:. Mme Gulshara Abdykalikova, the Secretary of State of Kazakhstan opened the talks in Astana.
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1391:
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895:
820:
4680:
3029:'Syria Talks: Rebel Negotiations In Saudi Arabia Exclude Key Players In Syrian Opposition'
2027:
1254:
On 15 October, the U.S., Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Qatar and Iran had talks about the
8:
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who said the Astana talks are making "clear progress" to reducing violence in Syria. The
1452:
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and two Shia towns in the north-west of Syria. The deal was reached after mediation from
272:
3606:
3173:"Office of the Special Envoy for Syria Press Statement, 2 February 2016 [EN/AR]"
2229:
2098:
1697:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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2182:"حسان عبود on Twitter: "وفي جنيفَ جنفٌ عن الحق إلى الباطل. ولا يجنف إلا كل معتد أثيم.""
1811:
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U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria § September 2016 US-Russia brokered ceasefire
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2701:"Syrian revolution and opposition forces express their commitment to the Syrian unity"
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4320:"Turkey, Iran, Russia agree on borders of Syria de-escalation zones in Astana talks"
734:
Moscow talks could focus on humanitarian problems as well on some political issues.
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527:. The negotiating parties to end the conflict are typically representatives of the
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27:
3837:"Syrian draft constitution recognizes Kurdish language, no mentions of federalism"
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The attempts to find a solution to the Syrian conflict and bring stability to the
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1982:
1918:"Russia says Syria agrees to peace talks with opposition amid mounting pressures"
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282:
3091:"How Syrian Women Landed at the UN Peace Talks and What It All Means | passblue"
2458:
2129:"Final communiqué of the Action Group for Syria - Geneva, Saturday 30 June 2012"
1559:
On 17 September 2018 the Russian president Vladimir Putin and Turkish president
622:
to draft a new constitution for Syria under the auspices of the United Nations.
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5649:
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5395:
4777:
4745:
4714:"Time for large-scale Syria prisoner swaps, U.N. envoy says ahead of new talks"
3314:"SECRETARY-GENERAL CALLS FOR CONTINUATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES IN SYRIA"
1474:
stated that the ceasefire zones were "dividing Syria up on a sectarian basis".
1413:
1371:
1363:
1314:
1104:
1100:
1085:
1081:
929:
879:
722:
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7757:
4045:"Russia, Turkey and Iran continue cooperation on de-escalation zones in Syria"
2857:"Russian vetoes are putting UN security council's legitimacy at risk, says US"
1055:
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8004:
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7909:
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7744:
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5875:
5790:
5425:
4654:
3971:"Second round of Syrian talks in Astana adopt mechanism to monitor ceasefire"
2641:"Arch-rivals Saudi Arabia, Iran to discuss Syria face-to-face for first time"
2204:"Non-Aligned Movement summit opens in Tehran - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
1663:
The delegations of Turkey, Iran, and Russia arrived in Kazakhstan's capital,
1645:
1576:
1444:
1309:
1231:, effective from 12 September, while jointly agreeing to continue attacks on
1157:
1022:
991:
939:
804:
800:
524:
330:
42:
3761:"Sponsors of Syria talks in Astana strike deal to protect fragile ceasefire"
2413:
1428:
1269:
1191:
Syrian Civil War ceasefires § Partial ceasefire (26 February–July 2016)
8801:
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8014:
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399:
4823:"Russia, Turkey, Iran Hold 14th Round Of Talks On Syria War In Kazakhstan"
3677:
2478:
October 2015, Malika Orazgaliyeva in International on 6 (6 October 2015).
8830:
8617:
8582:
8485:
8412:
8094:
8024:
8009:
7984:
4072:"Russia Reaches Deal for Syria Safe Zones, but greementSome Rebels Scoff"
4025:РФ, Турция и Иран подписали меморандум о создании в Сирии зон деэскалации
3581:"Russia takes power-broking role as Syria peace talks to begin in Astana"
1539:
In January 2018 Russia convened the Syrian National Dialogue Congress in
1358:
The International Meeting on Syrian Settlement in Astana, 25 January 2017
1304:
1263:
1143:
853:
654:
640:
555:
551:
have not engaged in any contacts on peaceful resolution to the conflict.
512:
4881:"Astana process: Foreign Ministry announced date of 16th talks on Syria"
7777:
2943:"U.N. endorses Syria peace plan in rare show of unity among big powers"
1948:"West 'ignored Russian offer in 2012 to have Syria's Assad step aside'"
1921:
1792:"Mediation in Syria: initiatives, strategies, and obstacles, 2011–2016"
1138:
On Friday, 29 January 2016, a UN Peace Conference for Syria started in
614:
567:
4024:
3284:"Syria ceasefire task force meets, France wants answers on violations"
2459:Сирийская оппозиция подписала итоговую декларацию конференции в Астане
782:) was held on Saturday 30 June 2012, in Geneva, initiated by the then
8069:
1652:, on behalf of the Syrian government, were co-chairs of the session.
1374:, which Russia had proposed designating as a terrorist organisation.
961:
1570:
1412:, while the government delegation was led by Syria's UN ambassador,
1335:
However, the Ahrar al-Sham spokesman denied having signed the deal.
668:
on 22 January withdrew its monitors from the mission, and called on
8552:
7787:
7735:
4958:
4102:"Syrian Kurdish PYD denounces Syria deal for 'de-escalation zones'"
3892:
3361:
1791:
1725:
All parties also stressed the need to hold the next meeting of the
1640:
The committee's third session of negotiations, among the 45-member
1259:
1171:
1089:
969:
965:
544:
4421:"Latest Syrian peace talks in Astana focus on humanitarian issues"
2753:"Assad says he won't step down, won't negotiate with 'terrorists'"
2283:"Common ground on Syria unites Russia and Turkey against the west"
664:
the AL sent a monitoring mission to Syria. Violence continued and
3460:
2000:
1633:
officially convened for the first time on 30 October 2019 at the
1296:, an alliance of Kurdish, Arab and Syriac militias mostly led by
1088:
had not been invited because of its assumed 'terrorist links' or
834:
788:
701:
2807:
Russia and China veto draft Security Council resolution on Syria
1394:
by abolishing Islamic jurisprudence as a source of legislation.
5259:
Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria
5023:
4643:"Syria: Turkey and US reach deal to manage tensions over Kurds"
4502:
4369:"6th Astana Process Talks Produce De-Escalation Zone Agreement"
4044:
3521:"Syria conflict: Russia-Turkey brokered truce comes into force"
1848:"Syria's Kurds protest exclusion from constitutional committee"
1664:
1595:
Syrian Constitutional Committee in Geneva, October 2019–present
1580:
1460:
1200:
1153:
1139:
1111:
1067:
1026:
1007:
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899:
824:
669:
610:
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540:
520:
3889:"Moscow invites Kurds and Syrian opposition to explain Astana"
3491:"Syrian Kurds, allies set to approve new government blueprint"
1830:"Under pressure from Turkey, UN excludes PYD from Syria talks"
1285:(Dec. 2015), to hold Syria peace talks in Astana, Kazakhstan.
848:, an Algerian diplomat, appointed on 1 September 2012, as the
8525:
8403:
Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference
5018:
4805:"Syrian constitutional talks 'big disappointment' - US envoy"
4611:
Karadeniz, Tulay; Al-Khaleidi, Suleiman (18 September 2018).
3949:"Russia and Syria say opposition trying to wreck peace talks"
2917:"Syria war: UN Security Council unanimously backs peace plan"
2727:"Syria conflict: Opposition agrees framework for peace talks"
2337:Международный мультимедийный пресс-центр МИА «Россия сегодня»
1540:
1341:
1221:
1115:
1021:
A day after a meeting of anti-government factions, including
673:
598:
590:
504:
4673:
4613:"Syria's Idlib spared attack, Turkey to send in more troops"
4349:
Syria war: Turkey, Russia, Iran agree Idlib 'ceasefire' zone
3811:"Syria Opposition Rejects Russian Draft of New Constitution"
3607:"Syria conflict: War of words as peace talks open in Astana"
3431:"Turkey and Russia 'broker ceasefire deal for all of Syria'"
1732:
708:
1866:"Syria conflict: Rebels agree to attend Astana peace talks"
1056:
December 2015 Riyadh conference of Syrian opposition groups
973:
828:
750:
had vetoed a 4 February 2012 UN Security Council resolution
606:
4681:"Mr. Geir O. Pedersen of Norway - Special Envoy for Syria"
3658:
Syria conflict: War of words as peace talks open in Astana
3117:"Syria conflict: Sides trade blame over talks' suspension"
2520:"UN chief takes aim at Russia over Syria military buildup"
2434:"Second round of Syrian opposition talks begins in Astana"
2055:
2053:
1184:
810:
3919:"Syria's warring sides brought together for Geneva talks"
3147:"Backed By Russian Jets, Syrian Army Closes In On Aleppo"
1985:, USA Today, 7 November 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
1892:"Kazakhstan Offers Astana As Venue Of Syrian Peace Talks"
1429:
March 2017 and May 2017 Astana talks: De-escalation zones
1270:
Initiation of Astana talks, and ceasefire (December 2016)
902:, Kazakhstan The Syrian government chose not to attend.
585:
started in Vienna involving officials from the U.S., the
8494:
8408:
International recognition of the Syrian National Council
4294:"Rebel factions in southern Syria reject ceasefire deal"
4217:"U.S.-Russian ceasefire deal holding in southwest Syria"
4000:"Kazakhstan welcomes results of Syria meeting in Astana"
3339:'Syria's civil war: US and Russia clinch ceasefire deal'
3199:"The Controversy over the Syrian Women's Advisory Board"
2121:
1084:
factions were not represented at the meeting in Riyadh.
737:
719:
permanent members of the United Nations Security Council
499:
is the ensemble of initiatives and plans to resolve the
4949:
INFOGRAPHIC: Women's Inclusion in the Syria Peace Talks
4873:
4764:
3863:"رووداو تنشر مسودة الدستور السوري التي أعدها خبراء روس"
3678:"Syria peace talks: Armed groups come in from the cold"
3381:Переговоры в Астане по урегулированию конфликта в Сирии
2827:"Russia and China Block U.N. Action on Crisis in Syria"
2571:'Hezbollah announces truce covering three Syrian towns'
2281:
editor, Patrick Wintour Diplomatic (21 December 2016).
2230:"BBC News – What is the Geneva II conference on Syria?"
2147:
2050:
1996:"France, partners planning Syria crisis group: Sarkozy"
1447:
zones" in Syria. The largest one of those included the
4395:"Fresh Syria peace talks open in Kazakhstan's capital"
4191:"'Precarious calm' in southwest Syria amid cease-fire"
3759:
Editor, Patrick Wintour Diplomatic (24 January 2017).
2969:"Differences remain as key sides meet for Syria talks"
2611:"Syria conflict: Powers backing rivals meet in Vienna"
979:
889:
752:. The group held four meetings, all in the year 2012.
679:
8469:
7471:
National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change
4773:"Halted by virus, Syria peace talks resume in Geneva"
4132:"Turkey-backed Syria talks in Astana set for July 10"
4069:
2782:"Syria conflict: US and Russia signal new push at UN"
2480:"Representatives of Syrian Opposition Meet in Astana"
2099:"UN envoy calls for transitional government in Syria"
1010:, Austria, to find a way to end the Syrian conflict.
4712:
Irish, John; Nichols, Michelle (27 September 2019).
4610:
2671:"Statement of the International Syria Support Group"
2059:
2028:"Six-Point Proposal Presented to Syrian Authorities"
1076:
Syria peace talks in Vienna 14 November 2015 meeting
755:
721:. During those discussions, the Russian ambassador,
630:
5110:
Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war
4447:"Astana hosts eighth round of talks on Syria's war"
3376:
3374:
2999:'Saudi hails Syrian opposition meet ‘breakthrough’'
1758:
List of United Nations resolutions concerning Syria
1554:
1274:In mid-December 2016, Vladimir Putin of Russia and
850:
new UN–Arab League special representative for Syria
4921:"New round of Syrian peace talks begins in Geneva"
4705:
2333:"Межсирийские консультации в Москве: итоги работы"
1066:On 10 December 2015, a two-day meeting started in
361:UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian affairs
4185:
4183:
3352:, 11 September 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
3332:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2355:
1571:Northern Syria Buffer Zone agreement, August 2019
1397:
1209:
990:On 23 October 2015, the Foreign Ministers of the
778:An "action group" conference (now referred to as
690:
609:. Peace talks with rebel leadership continued in
537:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
8862:
3633:"Astana talks to fortify Syria ceasefire accord"
3371:
2414:Сирийская оппозиция провела конференцию в Астане
2389:"Russia mulls strategy to solve Syrian conflict"
1976:Canceled Syria talks may get new start in Moscow
1658:
1172:The Syrian Women's Advisory Board, February 2016
577:took place, organised by then-UN envoy to Syria
8876:International reactions to the Syrian civil war
8745:
6668:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict
6579:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate
5162:International reactions to the Syrian civil war
3573:
3085:
3083:
2586:, 26 September 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
2546:"UN envoy to present new Syria peace proposals"
1753:International reactions to the Syrian Civil War
1500:
1283:United Nations Security Council Resolution 2254
949:
5079:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)
4180:
3230:. U.S. Department of State. 22 February 2016.
3044:, 13 December 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
3012:, 12 December 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
2987:
2935:
1971:
1969:
1525:
1249:
835:Eid al-Adha cease fire attempt, September 2012
511:. The peace process has been moderated by the
8510:
4974:
4413:
3994:
3992:
3670:
3254:"Syria war pause plan agreed by world powers"
3109:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
1512:
1419:
1118:supported that 'High Negotiation Committee'.
919:
476:
5821:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)
5218:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria
5105:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war
4711:
4124:
4037:
3730:"Outcomes of International Meeting on Syria"
3706:. The Wall Street Journal. 23 January 2017.
3222:
3220:
3080:
2849:
2477:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
1673:
1534:
1451:and adjoining districts of Hama, Aleppo and
8361:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
5601:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)
5167:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
4150:
3704:"Syria Talks in Kazakhstan Get Rough Start"
3139:
3054:
3052:
3050:
2945:. Reuters. 19 December 2015. Archived from
2879:
2504:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1966:
1587:to preempt a potential Turkish invasion of
1585:demilitarized buffer zone in northern Syria
1546:
1127:
1013:On 30 October 2015, the first round of the
728:
660:After the Syrian government's agreement to
8517:
8503:
8356:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
7305:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
6504:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
6265:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
4981:
4967:
3989:
3963:
3437:. Agence France-Presse. 28 December 2016.
3015:
2909:
2663:
1477:
1342:First round of Astana talks (January 2017)
884:Lakhdar Brahimi, UN special envoy to Syria
858:fell that year probably on 26 October 2012
483:
469:
8236:International demonstrations and protests
6342:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack
5638:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)
3625:
3276:
3217:
2819:
2776:
2774:
2084:
2062:"Syria, a civil, sectarian and proxy war"
1768:Negotiations during the Venezuelan crisis
1583:reached a deal, which would set up a new
1543:, in which 1,500 delegates participated.
709:February 2012: offering the fall of Assad
639:Muslims and Christians at a meeting with
539:is usually excluded at the insistence of
8382:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany
7466:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution
3066:
3047:
1858:
1834:Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East
1789:
1353:
1345:
634:
563:/Arab League plan coordinated by former
5446:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)
5213:US intervention in the Syrian civil war
4686:Secretary-General of the United Nations
4649:. Agence France-Presse. 7 August 2019.
4361:
3722:
3306:
2426:
2060:Politically Speaking (22 August 2013).
1884:
1185:Cessation of Hostilities, February 2016
811:16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement
643:monitors in Damascus on 17 January 2012
8863:
6850:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)
6128:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)
4726:from the original on 27 September 2019
4693:from the original on 27 September 2019
4387:
4330:from the original on 15 September 2017
3973:. The Astana Times. 17 February 2017.
3758:
3531:from the original on 28 September 2019
3264:from the original on 11 September 2016
3205:from the original on 16 September 2016
3179:from the original on 16 September 2016
3097:from the original on 13 September 2016
2771:
2675:Official website of the European Union
2280:
2109:from the original on 10 September 2013
1872:from the original on 30 September 2018
1611:United Nations Special Envoy for Syria
1196:nationwide cessation of hostilities."
938:on 29 July 2015 as a way to start the
876:Geneva II Middle East peace conference
773:
8498:
8351:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)
8121:
7851:
7277:
7138:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike
6958:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict
6698:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)
6663:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)
6574:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)
6564:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)
5279:
5000:
4962:
4893:
4861:from the original on 25 December 2019
4829:from the original on 10 December 2019
4785:from the original on 4 September 2020
4770:
4527:
4138:from the original on 2 September 2017
3561:from the original on 12 December 2017
2975:from the original on 18 December 2015
2923:from the original on 18 December 2015
2897:from the original on 22 December 2015
2837:from the original on 14 November 2017
2788:from the original on 16 December 2015
2759:from the original on 12 December 2015
2733:from the original on 12 December 2015
1648:, one of the opposition leaders, and
738:Friends of Syria Group, February 2012
16:Plans to resolve the Syrian civil war
7476:Syrian Revolution General Commission
7216:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria
5995:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field
5198:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
4988:
4752:from the original on 30 October 2019
4560:"9th round of Astana talks on Syria"
4509:from the original on 4 February 2019
4427:from the original on 4 November 2017
4401:from the original on 30 October 2017
4375:from the original on 15 October 2017
4070:ANNE BARNARD and RICK (4 May 2017).
3869:from the original on 27 January 2017
3843:from the original on 26 January 2017
3817:from the original on 26 January 2017
3771:from the original on 24 January 2017
3710:from the original on 24 January 2017
3587:from the original on 22 January 2017
3153:from the original on 19 October 2017
3127:from the original on 8 February 2016
2621:from the original on 30 October 2015
2552:from the original on 24 January 2016
2526:from the original on 10 October 2017
2440:from the original on 2 February 2017
2369:from the original on 2 February 2017
2179:
2161:from the original on 29 January 2014
1898:from the original on 2 February 2017
1785:
1783:
1677:
1237:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
686:Russia's role in the Syrian conflict
593:and various regional actors such as
549:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
8841:List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates
8773:Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE)
8433:Syrian civil war in popular culture
8326:UN Security Council Resolution 2118
6255:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)
5945:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)
5928:First Battle of the Shaer gas field
4661:from the original on 25 August 2019
3911:
3441:from the original on 5 October 2019
3411:from the original on 9 October 2017
2681:from the original on 27 August 2016
2603:
2512:
2192:from the original on 15 March 2017.
2131:. UNO. 30 June 2012. Archived from
1954:from the original on 8 October 2016
1763:List of Middle East peace proposals
1520:UN Security Council resolution 2254
1380:UN Security Council Resolution 2254
1229:'High Negotiations Committee' (HNC)
980:Vienna Process (since October 2015)
890:Astana Opposition conference (2015)
799:The Geneva talks were condemned by
680:Russian peace initiatives for Syria
653:In November 2011–January 2012, the
455:Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently
175:US-Russia ceasefire proposal (2016)
13:
8336:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement
7527:Authenticity and Development Front
7201:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown
7196:December 2011 Turkish border clash
6987:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes
6444:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)
6357:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)
6215:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)
5483:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres
5254:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
5208:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
5095:Casualties of the Syrian civil war
4825:. Radio Liberty. 30 January 2012.
4592:from the original on 20 March 2018
4566:from the original on 20 March 2018
4483:from the original on 20 March 2018
4457:from the original on 20 March 2018
4006:from the original on 19 March 2017
3977:from the original on 20 March 2018
3501:from the original on 5 August 2017
3234:from the original on 18 April 2017
2038:from the original on 12 April 2012
1613:since 31 October 2018, called for
1404:Geneva peace talks on Syria (2017)
956:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement
863:
823:held from 26 to 31 August 2012 in
784:UN peace envoy to Syria Kofi Annan
573:In January and February 2014, the
125:Geneva II Mideast peace conference
14:
8887:
8730:List of periods of regional peace
7226:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident
7167:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut
7120:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike
6688:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)
6673:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)
6414:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)
6280:May Jableh & Tartous bombings
6230:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
6195:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
6148:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)
5535:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)
5203:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
4942:
4540:from the original on 5 March 2018
4300:from the original on 16 July 2017
4227:from the original on 14 July 2017
4197:from the original on 15 July 2017
4168:from the original on 22 July 2017
4082:from the original on 30 July 2017
4051:from the original on 25 June 2017
3929:from the original on 25 July 2018
3895:. 26 January 2017. Archived from
3320:from the original on 30 June 2016
3294:from the original on 24 June 2017
1924:. 30 January 2012. Archived from
1780:
1563:reached an agreement to create a
841:Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan
756:Kofi Annan Peace Plan, March 2012
649:Arab League peace plans for Syria
631:Arab League peace plans 2011–2012
413:Constitution of Syrian Opposition
215:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
115:U.S.–Russia peace proposal (2013)
8479:
8454:
8453:
8170:2017 Northern regional elections
7802:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria
7413:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
7278:
6928:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah
6825:Turkish offensive into northeast
6805:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)
6693:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)
6362:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)
6205:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
5473:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush
5354:2010s in Syria political history
5100:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
4913:
4887:
4841:
4815:
4797:
4738:
4635:
4604:
4578:
4552:
4548:– via www.telegraph.co.uk.
4528:Ensor, Josie (30 January 2018).
4521:
4495:
3684:from the original on 10 May 2018
2867:from the original on 17 May 2019
2651:from the original on 5 July 2017
2486:from the original on 9 July 2019
2343:from the original on 11 May 2019
2301:– via www.theguardian.com.
2293:from the original on 7 June 2019
2262:from the original on 7 June 2019
2008:from the original on 4 July 2013
1715:Lebanon and Iraq also attended.
1682:
1555:Idlib memorandum, September 2018
1099:'. This included, among others,
41:
8366:Syrian Constitutional Committee
7712:International Freedom Battalion
7310:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
6708:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)
6658:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)
6604:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)
6459:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)
6434:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)
6424:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)
6290:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)
6270:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)
6210:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)
6078:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing
5960:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)
5806:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)
5737:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)
5606:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)
5441:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)
5416:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation
4771:Kenny, Peter (27 August 2020).
4469:
4439:
4342:
4312:
4286:
4239:
4209:
4112:from the original on 8 May 2017
4094:
4063:
4018:
3941:
3881:
3855:
3829:
3803:
3752:
3696:
3651:
3599:
3543:
3513:
3483:
3471:from the original on 1 May 2017
3453:
3423:
3393:
3355:
3246:
3191:
3165:
2971:. Aljazeera. 18 December 2015.
2961:
2800:
2745:
2719:
2693:
2633:
2589:
2564:
2538:
2471:
2452:
2407:
2395:from the original on 8 May 2017
2381:
2325:
2274:
2248:
2222:
2196:
2173:
2157:. UN.NewsCentre. 30 June 2012.
2020:
1733:"Small Group" meeting, May 2022
1729:in Geneva as soon as possible.
1727:Syrian Constitutional Committee
1635:United Nations Office at Geneva
1631:Syrian Constitutional Committee
1623:constitution-drafting committee
1601:Syrian Constitutional Committee
1459:, the rebel-controlled eastern
620:Syrian Constitutional Committee
392:Destruction of Chemical Weapons
225:Syrian Constitutional Committee
7221:Assassination of Andrei Karlov
7091:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents
6790:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor
6534:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)
6337:September Deir ez-Zor air raid
6327:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)
6285:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)
6275:Northern Raqqa offensive (May)
6163:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown
3813:. Bloomberg. 25 January 2017.
2597:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
2180:عبود, حسان (20 October 2013).
1988:
1940:
1910:
1840:
1822:
1398:Geneva IV, February–March 2017
1210:September 2016 cease fire deal
1134:Geneva Peace Conference (2016)
717:held talks with envoys of the
691:2012 'informal talks' proposal
1:
8165:2017 Northern local elections
8155:2015 Northern local elections
7517:National Front for Liberation
7454:Local Coordination Committees
7002:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)
6840:Israeli missile strikes (Nov)
6484:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack
5781:Khan al-Assal chemical attack
5577:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing
5391:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
5176:Specific groups and countries
5001:
4894:Times, Astana (9 July 2021).
3290:. Reuters. 29 February 2016.
1808:10.1080/13523260.2016.1192377
1773:
1659:Astana meeting, December 2019
928:is a proposal put forward by
870:Geneva II Conference on Syria
700:'s executive committee, told
575:Geneva II Conference on Syria
135:Staffan de Mistura peace plan
8428:2015 European migrant crisis
7702:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
6594:Euphrates Crossing offensive
6088:Western al-Hasakah offensive
6048:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
5916:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)
5672:Quneitra Governorate clashes
5411:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh
5339:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
5280:
5088:Effects and ongoing concerns
3368:, retrieved 16 October 2016.
3149:. Reuters. 4 February 2016.
3041:International Business Times
2548:. Yahoo News. 10 July 2015.
2468:RIA Novosti, 4 October 2015.
1796:Contemporary Security Policy
1501:Astana talks, September 2017
1235:(former al-Nusra Front) and
950:Zabadani Ceasefire Agreement
780:Geneva I Conference on Syria
762:Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan
503:, which has been ongoing in
235:Syrian-Turkish normalization
7:
8654:Environmental peacebuilding
8316:U.S.–Russia peace proposals
8271:Syrian government reactions
8261:Status of the Golan Heights
8256:Sectarianism and minorities
8180:2020 parliamentary election
8160:2016 parliamentary election
8145:2012 parliamentary election
8122:
8080:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid
7980:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni
7827:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
7686:Northern Democratic Brigade
7542:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
7537:Revolutionary Commando Army
7418:Popular Mobilization Forces
7206:2012 Turkish border clashes
6795:Dêrik prison escape attempt
6200:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)
6153:2015–2016 Latakia offensive
6123:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)
6118:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)
6005:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)
5990:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict
5766:Bayda and Baniyas massacres
5074:Sectarianism and minorities
5049:Syrian government reactions
2816:UN website, 4 October 2011.
1741:
1619:confidence-building measure
1526:Astana talks, December 2017
1410:High Negotiations Committee
1250:October 2016 Lausanne talks
1150:suspended the peace talks.
1097:High Negotiations Committee
1062:High Negotiations Committee
986:Syria peace talks in Vienna
625:
529:Syrian Ba'athist government
10:
8892:
8762:Vienna + Moscow Mechanisms
8603:Religion and peacebuilding
8558:Peace and conflict studies
8311:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan
8185:2021 presidential election
8150:2014 presidential election
7852:
7396:medical facility targeting
7252:Deir ez-Zor missile strike
7211:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings
7130:Jordanian border incidents
6775:Idlib inter-rebel conflict
6713:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)
6589:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)
6377:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)
6347:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)
6317:Operation Euphrates Shield
6245:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
6133:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
6058:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)
6053:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)
6000:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
5849:First Inter-rebel conflict
5811:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
5720:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)
5623:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
3839:. Rudaw. 26 January 2017.
3366:Dutch Broadcast Foundation
2423:Regnum.Ru, 4 October 2015.
1598:
1513:Astana talks, October 2017
1432:
1420:February 2017 Astana talks
1401:
1370:, the political leader of
1213:
1188:
1131:
1059:
983:
953:
926:Four committees initiative
920:Four Committees Initiative
867:
838:
759:
741:
683:
662:the AL plan of 19 December
646:
509:spilled beyond its borders
258:Bashar Assad presidentship
205:Northern Syria Buffer Zone
105:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan
8849:
8823:
8800:
8738:
8672:
8626:
8532:
8524:
8449:
8390:
8374:
8279:
8193:
8132:
8128:
8117:
7858:
7847:
7786:
7773:Group of the One and Only
7753:Military activity of ISIL
7743:
7734:
7694:
7646:People's Protection Units
7636:
7628:Smaller political parties
7608:
7599:Autonomous Administration
7597:
7555:
7499:
7439:
7430:
7364:
7356:Palestine Liberation Army
7328:
7295:
7288:
7284:
7273:
7244:
7185:
7146:
7128:
7099:
7070:
7059:
7020:
6966:
6912:
6889:Idlib Governorate clashes
6863:
6815:Hass refugee camp bombing
6751:
6703:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)
6624:
6539:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)
6514:Maskanah Plains offensive
6509:Desert campaign (May–Jul)
6439:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)
6390:
6171:
6013:
5911:Second siege of Wadi Deif
5906:Kafr Zita chemical attack
5871:Daraa offensive (Feb–May)
5829:
5742:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl
5685:
5491:
5478:Idlib Governorate clashes
5463:Daraa Governorate clashes
5431:Jabal al-Zawiya operation
5362:
5292:
5288:
5275:
5246:
5175:
5154:
5118:
5087:
5011:
5007:
4996:
4278:Cite uses generic title (
2919:. BBC. 18 December 2015.
2784:. BBC. 15 December 2015.
2729:. BBC. 10 December 2015.
2576:28 September 2015 at the
1790:Lundgren, Magnus (2016).
1691:This article needs to be
1674:Astana Process, July 2021
1535:Sochi talks, January 2018
1518:political solution under
1290:Syrian Democratic Council
1036:On 18 December 2015, the
605:and, for the first time,
233:
223:
213:
203:
193:
183:
173:
163:
153:
143:
133:
123:
113:
103:
88:
78:
70:Arab League initiative II
68:
58:
8664:Territorial peace theory
8659:Infrastructure for Peace
7763:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army
7707:Kurdistan Workers' Party
7651:Women's Protection Units
7623:Kurdish National Council
7072:Israel and Golan Heights
6943:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
6785:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani
6544:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
6499:April Turkish airstrikes
6474:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)
6307:Southern Aleppo campaign
6250:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
6143:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)
6113:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
6043:Southern Syria Offensive
5677:Talbiseh bakery massacre
5628:First siege of Wadi Deif
5618:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz
5515:January al-Midan bombing
5247:Agreements and dialogues
5228:Syrian Democratic Forces
3390:RIA Novosti, 3 May 2017.
3316:. UN. 29 February 2016.
3004:14 December 2015 at the
2755:. DW. 11 December 2015.
1547:Astana talks, March 2018
1294:Syrian Democratic Forces
1199:On 22 February 2016, in
1128:Geneva III, January 2016
729:Brokerage Proposal, 2013
60:Arab League initiative I
8836:List of peace activists
8649:Democratic peace theory
8639:Complex system approach
8241:International reactions
8226:Human rights violations
7717:Sinjar Resistance Units
7676:Syriac Military Council
7666:Army of Revolutionaries
7601:of North and East Syria
7461:Syrian National Council
7315:Arab Socialist Movement
7236:Operation Spring Shield
7177:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)
7157:Lebanese border clashes
7051:Northern border clashes
7012:Northwest clashes (Dec)
6992:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes
6894:Kafr-Takharim airstrike
6743:Northern border clashes
6464:March Damascus bombings
6429:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)
6382:Palmyra offensive (Dec)
6260:Palmyra offensive (Mar)
6093:Palmyra offensive (May)
5938:Battle of Tabqa Airbase
5933:Eastern Syria offensive
5816:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah
4358:BBC, 15 September 2017.
4030:28 January 2019 at the
3951:. Reuters. 2 March 2017
3034:2 February 2016 at the
1981:19 October 2017 at the
1748:Federalization of Syria
1490:boycotted these talks.
1478:Astana talks, July 2017
1242:After US-led coalition
698:Syrian National Council
385:Federalization of Syria
8673:Regional peacebuilding
8418:Syrian detainee report
8304:UN supervision mission
8294:Friends of Syria Group
8216:Damaged heritage sites
7618:Democratic Union Party
7570:Jordanian intervention
7491:Syrian Patriotic Group
7320:Syrian Communist Party
7231:2020 Balyun airstrikes
7086:February 2018 incident
6733:Qamishli clashes (Sep)
6648:Operation Olive Branch
6489:Shayrat missile strike
6322:Aleppo summer campaign
6312:Battle of al-Rai (Aug)
6225:February Homs bombings
6083:Battle of Yarmouk Camp
6073:Second Battle of Idlib
5786:Khan al-Assal massacre
5749:Ghouta chemical attack
5131:Early insurgency phase
4251:www.washingtonpost.com
4047:. TASS. 23 June 2017.
2419:9 October 2017 at the
1591:-held Northern Syria.
1575:On 7 August 2019, the
1472:Democratic Union Party
1359:
1351:
1166:anti-aircraft missiles
1042:Resolution 2254 (2015)
907:parliamentary election
744:Friends of Syria Group
644:
581:. On 30 October 2015,
450:Free Syrian University
445:Friends of Syria Group
417:Constitution of Rojava
195:Idlib demilitarization
8423:Syrian media coverage
8299:Kofi Annan peace plan
7722:Êzîdxan Women's Units
7671:SDF military councils
7401:military intervention
7374:Hezbollah involvement
7329:Military and militias
7172:North Lebanon clashes
6933:Missile strikes (Jan)
6820:Missile strikes (Aug)
6738:Missile strikes (Sep)
6683:Missile strikes (Apr)
6678:Douma chemical attack
6529:Daraa offensive (Jun)
6220:Al-Shaddadi offensive
6158:Tishrin Dam offensive
6038:Daraa Offensive (Jan)
6033:Air Force An-26 crash
5975:Daraa offensive (Oct)
5859:Deir ez-Zor offensive
5725:Battle of Raqqa (Mar)
5525:First Battle of Idlib
5349:Human rights in Syria
5223:Kurdish Area in Syria
5039:Background and causes
4354:24 April 2018 at the
4326:. 15 September 2017.
4034:Interfax, 4 May 2017.
3667:BBC, 24 January 2017.
3663:29 April 2018 at the
3344:26 April 2019 at the
2863:. 23 September 2015.
2105:. BBC. 30 June 2012.
1950:. 15 September 2015.
1357:
1349:
984:Further information:
768:Kofi Annan peace plan
638:
547:forces including the
409:Constitution of Syria
349:Peace envoy for Syria
343:International brokers
268:Opposition government
90:Kofi Annan peace plan
8871:Syrian peace process
8785:Treaty on Open Skies
8331:Geneva II conference
8289:Arab League monitors
8266:Spillover in Lebanon
8175:2018 local elections
8140:2011 local elections
7920:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
7681:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa
7507:Syrian National Army
7481:Syrian Support Group
7007:Operation Claw-Sword
6982:Battle of al-Hasakah
6728:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)
6569:Hama offensive (Sep)
6419:January Azaz bombing
6332:5 September bombings
6103:Tell Abyad offensive
5901:Battle of Al-Malihah
5801:Battle of Tell Abyad
5796:Battle of Ras al-Ayn
5547:May Battle of Rastan
5344:Damascus Declaration
5188:Russian intervention
5146:Syrian peace process
5136:2012–2013 escalation
5119:Phases and processes
5059:Inter-rebel conflict
5044:Syrian peace process
4857:. 18 December 2019.
4505:. 22 December 2017.
4423:. The Astana Times.
4002:. The Astana Times.
3925:. 23 February 2017.
3527:. 30 December 2016.
3497:. 28 December 2016.
3260:. 12 February 2016.
2893:. 18 December 2015.
2812:29 June 2017 at the
2677:. 14 November 2015.
1561:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
1507:governorate of Idlib
1276:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
1233:Jabhat Fateh al-Sham
896:Nursultan Nazarbayev
821:Non-Aligned Movement
565:UN Secretary-General
497:Syrian peace process
263:Ba'athist government
35:Syrian peace process
8221:Foreign involvement
8100:Abdurrahman Mustafa
8055:Yassin al-Haj Saleh
8020:Abdul Halim Khaddam
7532:Army of Free Tribes
7500:Opposition militias
7391:Russian involvement
7379:Iranian involvement
7336:Syrian Armed Forces
7115:Operation al-Shabah
7081:March 2017 incident
6800:Tell Rifaat clashes
6616:Beit Jinn offensive
6609:Abu Kamal offensive
6549:Idlib clashes (Jul)
6519:East Hama offensive
6240:Battle of Tel Abyad
5980:Al-Safira offensive
5970:Homs school bombing
5759:Battle of al-Qusayr
5754:Al-Qusayr offensive
5557:Battle of al-Haffah
5530:Battle of al-Qusayr
5406:May Talkalakh siege
5314:Corrective Movement
5193:Turkish involvement
5183:Russian involvement
4748:. 30 October 2019.
3386:13 May 2017 at the
3175:. 2 February 2016.
3123:. 4 February 2016.
2949:on 19 December 2015
2833:. 4 February 2012.
2707:on 17 December 2015
2647:. 28 October 2015.
2617:. 30 October 2015.
2464:2 July 2017 at the
2072:on 8 September 2013
2032:UN Security Council
2004:. 4 February 2012.
1605:In September 2019,
1465:Jordan–Syria border
1038:UN Security Council
794:UN Security Council
774:Geneva I, June 2012
507:since 2011 and has
326:Situation in Aleppo
273:Secularism in Syria
24:Part of a series on
8644:Conflict continuum
8040:Ali Mahmoud Othman
7486:Adopt a Revolution
7449:National Coalition
7441:Interim government
7041:Damascus airstrike
6948:US airstrike (Jun)
6938:US airstrike (Feb)
6904:Deir ez-Zor ambush
6845:Qah missile strike
6723:As-Suwayda attacks
6718:Southern offensive
6559:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)
6469:Al-Jinah airstrike
6235:Khanasir offensive
5955:Quneitra offensive
5715:Damascus offensive
5710:Battle of Shadadeh
5572:Battle of Damascus
5562:Al-Qubeir massacre
5540:Battle of Taftanaz
5451:Battle of Zabadani
4811:. 22 October 2021.
4809:The Jerusalem Post
4623:on 3 December 2018
4371:. Astana Calling.
4076:The New York Times
3899:on 26 January 2017
3795:has generic name (
3740:on 3 February 2017
2831:The New York Times
2600:, 24 October 2015.
2436:. vestnikkavkaza.
2317:has generic name (
2135:on 29 January 2014
1928:on 3 December 2013
1836:. 28 January 2016.
1615:prisoner exchanges
1607:Geir Otto Pedersen
1495:Quneitra offensive
1484:Staffan de Mistura
1360:
1352:
1330:Jabhat Ahl al-Sham
1292:—representing the
1148:Staffan de Mistura
1050:Staffan de Mistura
1006:met and talked in
960:In September 2015
936:Staffan de Mistura
713:In February 2012,
645:
311:Electricity supply
305:Secondary concerns
145:Zabadani agreement
80:Churkin peace plan
8858:
8857:
8796:
8795:
8695:Jammu and Kashmir
8573:Peace enforcement
8540:Anti-war movement
8467:
8466:
8445:
8444:
8441:
8440:
8398:Exclusive mandate
8375:War crimes trials
8346:2016 Geneva talks
8113:
8112:
8105:Fadlallah al-Haji
8060:Bouthaina Shaaban
7843:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7835:
7834:
7730:
7729:
7661:Al-Sanadid Forces
7656:Anti-Terror Units
7593:
7592:
7426:
7425:
7341:Syrian Resistance
7297:Politics of Syria
7269:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7036:Al-Sukhnah attack
6997:Jarqli airstrikes
6879:COVID-19 pandemic
6835:November bombings
6653:Battle of Khasham
6599:Mayadin offensive
6584:Battle of Harasta
6454:Palmyra offensive
6138:Al-Hawl offensive
6098:Qamishli bombings
5896:Latakia Offensive
5854:Battle of Markada
5667:Battle of Darayya
5643:Battle of Darayya
5567:Battle of Tremseh
5386:Syrian Revolution
5319:Islamist uprising
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5126:Syrian revolution
5069:Cities and towns
4451:www.aljazeera.com
3613:. 24 January 2017
3551:"Resolution 2336"
3461:"S/2016/1133 - E"
2236:. 22 January 2014
2210:on 22 August 2014
2034:. 21 March 2012.
1854:. 2 October 2019.
1712:
1711:
1522:should be found.
1449:Idlib Governorate
1435:Safe Zone (Syria)
1156:foreign minister
1070:, the capital of
1015:Syria peace talks
533:Syrian opposition
493:
492:
243:
242:
96:
8883:
8815:Index by country
8753:Helsinki Accords
8746:post-WWII Europe
8743:
8742:
8739:Peace mechanisms
8710:Northern Ireland
8690:Israel–Palestine
8634:Capitalist peace
8548:Cost of conflict
8519:
8512:
8505:
8496:
8495:
8484:
8483:
8475:
8457:
8456:
8231:Humanitarian aid
8211:Chemical weapons
8206:Cities and towns
8130:
8129:
8119:
8118:
8075:Fadwa Souleimane
8065:Abdulbaset Sieda
8045:Ibrahim Qashoush
8035:Ali Habib Mahmud
7945:Hamza al-Khateeb
7940:Kamal al-Labwani
7930:Haitham al-Maleh
7925:Suheil al-Hassan
7863:Ammar Abdulhamid
7849:
7848:
7822:Malhama Tactical
7807:Caucasus Emirate
7741:
7740:
7606:
7605:
7512:Free Syrian Army
7437:
7436:
7293:
7292:
7286:
7285:
7275:
7274:
7068:
7067:
7025:
6971:
6917:
6899:Ayn Issa clashes
6868:
6756:
6629:
6554:Central campaign
6449:Qaboun offensive
6395:
6372:Battle of al-Bab
6295:Manbij offensive
6176:
6018:
5881:Al-Otaiba ambush
5834:
5705:Battle of Safira
5690:
5660:Halfaya massacre
5611:Darayya massacre
5594:Siege of Base 46
5589:Battle of Anadan
5584:Battle of Aleppo
5520:Battle of Rastan
5496:
5468:Battle of Rastan
5436:Siege of Latakia
5401:Siege of Baniyas
5367:
5324:Latakia protests
5290:
5289:
5277:
5276:
5029:Syrian civil war
5009:
5008:
4998:
4997:
4990:Syrian civil war
4983:
4976:
4969:
4960:
4959:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4900:The Astana Times
4891:
4885:
4884:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4619:. Archived from
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4365:
4359:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4296:. 14 July 2017.
4290:
4284:
4283:
4276:
4274:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4253:. Archived from
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4193:. 14 July 2017.
4187:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4041:
4035:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
3996:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3736:. Archived from
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3674:
3668:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3639:on 3 August 2019
3635:. Archived from
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3583:. The Guardian.
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3397:
3391:
3378:
3369:
3359:
3353:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3201:. 7 April 2016.
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3087:
3078:
3070:
3064:
3056:
3045:
3026:
3013:
2996:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2823:
2817:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2703:. Archived from
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2607:
2601:
2593:
2587:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2475:
2469:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2430:
2424:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2365:. Astana Times.
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2339:. 9 April 2015.
2329:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2206:. Archived from
2200:
2194:
2193:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2095:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2068:. Archived from
2057:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1992:
1986:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1787:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1463:, and along the
1457:Homs Governorate
1368:Mohammed Alloush
1044:, endorsing the
944:Syrian civil war
715:Martti Ahtisaari
517:UN Special Envoy
501:Syrian civil war
485:
478:
471:
428:
404:
394:
387:
357:
288:Humanitarian aid
252:Primary concerns
92:
56:
55:
45:
28:Syrian civil war
21:
20:
8891:
8890:
8886:
8885:
8884:
8882:
8881:
8880:
8861:
8860:
8859:
8854:
8845:
8819:
8792:
8779:Vienna Document
8734:
8700:Kurdish/Turkish
8668:
8622:
8613:War termination
8528:
8523:
8492:
8490:
8478:
8470:
8468:
8463:
8437:
8386:
8370:
8275:
8189:
8124:
8109:
8090:Razan Zaitouneh
7995:Burhan Ghalioun
7970:Ammar al-Qurabi
7878:al-Assad family
7868:Ali al-Abdallah
7854:
7831:
7817:Junud al-Makhdi
7812:Ajnad al-Kavkaz
7782:
7726:
7690:
7632:
7610:DFNS Government
7600:
7589:
7565:US intervention
7557:Foreign support
7551:
7495:
7422:
7384:Liwa Fatemiyoun
7366:Foreign support
7360:
7351:al-Quds Brigade
7324:
7280:
7257:
7240:
7181:
7162:Battle of Sidon
7142:
7124:
7095:
7055:
7026:
7021:
7016:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6638:
6634:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6524:Battle of Raqqa
6479:Battle of Tabqa
6404:
6400:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6352:Dabiq offensive
6300:Tokhar massacre
6185:
6181:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6108:Kobanî massacre
6068:Idlib Offensive
6063:Battle of Bosra
6023:
6019:
6014:
6009:
5965:Siege of Kobanî
5921:Battle of Arsal
5886:Idlib offensive
5866:Battle of Morek
5839:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5732:Daraa offensive
5695:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5633:Battle of Harem
5505:
5501:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5456:Battle of Douma
5376:
5372:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5329:Damascus Spring
5284:
5263:
5242:
5238:U.S. task force
5233:Rojava conflict
5171:
5150:
5114:
5083:
5003:
4992:
4987:
4945:
4940:
4939:
4929:
4927:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4904:
4902:
4892:
4888:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4864:
4862:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4832:
4830:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4788:
4786:
4769:
4765:
4755:
4753:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4729:
4727:
4719:Thomson Reuters
4710:
4706:
4696:
4694:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4664:
4662:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4626:
4624:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4526:
4522:
4512:
4510:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4486:
4484:
4479:. Daily Sabah.
4475:
4474:
4470:
4460:
4458:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4404:
4402:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4378:
4376:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4356:Wayback Machine
4347:
4343:
4333:
4331:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4301:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4277:
4268:
4267:
4260:
4258:
4257:on 20 July 2017
4247:"404 Not Found"
4245:
4244:
4240:
4230:
4228:
4223:. 9 July 2017.
4215:
4214:
4210:
4200:
4198:
4189:
4188:
4181:
4171:
4169:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4113:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4032:Wayback Machine
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3990:
3980:
3978:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3954:
3952:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3792:
3791:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3772:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3665:Wayback Machine
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3614:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3590:
3588:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3388:Wayback Machine
3379:
3372:
3360:
3356:
3346:Wayback Machine
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3093:. 10 May 2016.
3089:
3088:
3081:
3074:NRC Handelsblad
3071:
3067:
3060:NRC Handelsblad
3057:
3048:
3036:Wayback Machine
3027:
3016:
3010:Al Arabiya News
3006:Wayback Machine
2997:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2814:Wayback Machine
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2590:
2578:Wayback Machine
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2487:
2476:
2472:
2466:Wayback Machine
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2421:Wayback Machine
2412:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2391:. 3 June 2015.
2387:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2314:
2313:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2294:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2258:. 29 May 2015.
2254:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2058:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1983:Wayback Machine
1974:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1894:. InDepthNews.
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1744:
1735:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1661:
1603:
1597:
1573:
1557:
1549:
1537:
1528:
1515:
1503:
1480:
1437:
1431:
1422:
1406:
1400:
1344:
1320:Free Idlib Army
1272:
1252:
1218:
1212:
1193:
1187:
1174:
1136:
1130:
1086:Jabhat al-Nusra
1064:
1058:
988:
982:
958:
952:
922:
914:Fabien Baussart
892:
872:
866:
864:Geneva II, 2014
846:Lakhdar Brahimi
843:
837:
813:
776:
764:
758:
746:
740:
731:
711:
693:
688:
682:
651:
633:
628:
579:Lakhdar Brahimi
489:
460:
459:
440:
432:
431:
424:
421:
415:
411:
397:
390:
383:
379:
371:
370:
351:
344:
336:
335:
331:Siege of Madaya
306:
298:
297:
253:
245:
244:
53:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8889:
8879:
8878:
8873:
8856:
8855:
8850:
8847:
8846:
8844:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8827:
8825:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8817:
8812:
8806:
8804:
8802:Peace treaties
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8000:Razan Ghazzawi
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6367:Raqqa campaign
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5950:Hama Offensive
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5891:Battle of Hosn
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5552:Houla massacre
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5396:Siege of Daraa
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5334:Qamishli riots
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5155:World reaction
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5012:Main overviews
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4943:External links
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4778:Anadolu Agency
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4562:. PRIMA News.
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4162:United Nations
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4134:. DailySabah.
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4108:. 5 May 2017.
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2891:The UN website
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1802:(2): 273–288.
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1488:Southern Front
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1414:Bashar Jaafari
1402:Main article:
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1372:Jaysh al-Islam
1364:Bashar Jaafari
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1315:Jaysh al-Islam
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1214:Main article:
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1132:Main article:
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1105:Jaysh al-Islam
1082:Syrian Kurdish
1060:Main article:
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1023:Ahrar ash-Sham
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954:Main article:
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930:United Nations
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723:Vitaly Churkin
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321:Control of oil
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8758:human rights
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8598:Peace symbols
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8593:Peace process
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8563:Peacebuilding
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8281:Peace process
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8085:Yaser Tabbara
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8050:Dawoud Rajiha
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8005:Ghassan Hitto
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7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7975:Suheir Atassi
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7955:Fida al-Sayed
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7910:Riad al-Asaad
7908:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7898:Rami Makhlouf
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7857:
7850:
7846:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7785:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7746:
7745:Islamic State
7742:
7739:
7737:
7733:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7693:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7639:
7635:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7611:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7596:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7558:
7554:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7522:Army of Glory
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7498:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
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7450:
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7438:
7435:
7433:
7429:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
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7394:
7393:
7392:
7389:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7367:
7363:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7327:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7294:
7291:
7287:
7283:
7276:
7272:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
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7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
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7188:
7184:
7178:
7175:
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7170:
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7149:
7145:
7139:
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7135:
7133:
7131:
7127:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
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7105:
7102:
7098:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6953:Daraa clashes
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6884:Afrin bombing
6882:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6856:
6855:US airstrikes
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6810:June bombings
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6764:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6617:
6614:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5876:Maan massacre
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5791:Adra massacre
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5426:Siege of Homs
5424:
5422:
5421:Siege of Hama
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5054:Belligerents
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5006:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4984:
4979:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4926:
4925:www.aa.com.tr
4922:
4916:
4901:
4897:
4890:
4882:
4876:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4767:
4751:
4747:
4741:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4708:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4607:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4539:
4535:
4534:The Telegraph
4531:
4524:
4508:
4504:
4498:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4426:
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4416:
4400:
4396:
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4370:
4364:
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4329:
4325:
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4315:
4299:
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4218:
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4111:
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4097:
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4077:
4073:
4066:
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4046:
4040:
4033:
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4026:
4021:
4005:
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3993:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3950:
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3890:
3884:
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3766:
3762:
3755:
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3731:
3725:
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3679:
3673:
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3659:
3654:
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3612:
3608:
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3586:
3582:
3576:
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3500:
3496:
3492:
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3470:
3466:
3462:
3456:
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3432:
3426:
3410:
3406:
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3396:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3204:
3200:
3194:
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3152:
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3118:
3112:
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3055:
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3025:
3023:
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3019:
3011:
3007:
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2995:
2993:
2991:
2974:
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2964:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2922:
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2912:
2896:
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2866:
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2808:
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2787:
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2702:
2696:
2680:
2676:
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2650:
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2616:
2612:
2606:
2599:
2598:
2592:
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2584:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2567:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2525:
2521:
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2463:
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2277:
2261:
2257:
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2235:
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2205:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2183:
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2134:
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2100:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1897:
1893:
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1861:
1853:
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1706:
1694:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:Ahmad Kuzbari
1647:
1646:Hadi al-Bahra
1643:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:United States
1568:
1566:
1562:
1552:
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8578:Peacekeeping
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7990:Farid Ghadry
7965:Khaled Khoja
7960:Riad al-Turk
7768:Liwa al-Aqsa
7638:SDF militias
7580:Saudi Arabia
7406:Wagner Group
7279:Belligerents
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6830:Barisha raid
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2287:The Guardian
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2208:the original
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2070:the original
2040:. Retrieved
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1999:
1990:
1958:17 September
1956:. Retrieved
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1926:the original
1912:
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1325:Levant Front
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1072:Saudi Arabia
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1000:Saudi Arabia
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666:Saudi Arabia
659:
652:
595:Saudi Arabia
572:
553:
535:, while the
496:
494:
400:Constitution
398:
316:Water supply
293:Sectarianism
278:Human rights
155:Vienna talks
34:
18:
8831:Peaceworker
8764:(1989/1991)
8705:Middle East
8618:World peace
8583:Peacemaking
8413:Syria Files
8095:Rami Jarrah
8025:Michel Kilo
8010:Salim Idris
7985:Aref Dalila
7758:Dokumacılar
7547:Grey Wolves
7046:Hama attack
4865:25 December
4833:10 December
4627:26 December
3209:6 September
3183:6 September
3157:24 February
3131:24 February
3101:6 September
2979:19 December
2953:19 December
2927:19 December
2901:19 December
2841:19 December
2792:16 December
2763:12 December
2737:12 December
2711:15 December
2685:16 November
2315:|last=
2113:26 November
2076:24 November
1932:29 November
1703:August 2021
1565:buffer zone
1305:Sham Legion
1264:Switzerland
1144:Switzerland
854:Eid al-Adha
817:16th Summit
815:During the
655:Arab League
641:Arab League
556:Middle East
513:Arab League
366:Arab League
8865:Categories
8543:(category)
8201:Casualties
7790:and allies
7778:Liwa Dawud
7432:Opposition
7245:Elsewhere:
5985:Idlib Raid
5295:Background
5141:Ceasefires
4756:30 October
4513:4 February
4431:2 November
4405:1 November
4379:15 October
4324:DailySabah
3903:26 January
3873:26 January
3847:26 January
3821:26 January
3775:25 January
3744:24 January
3714:24 January
3643:22 January
3591:22 January
3465:undocs.org
3405:www.mid.ru
3350:Al Jazeera
2871:10 January
2625:30 October
2583:Al Jazeera
2556:15 January
2444:22 January
2373:20 January
2240:23 January
2165:25 January
2139:24 January
2066:The Elders
2012:17 October
1922:Al Arabiya
1902:20 January
1774:References
1642:small body
1567:in Idlib.
1433:See also:
1392:secularism
1388:federalism
1256:Syrian war
1244:airstrikes
1189:See also:
1025:, held in
839:See also:
789:communiqué
684:See also:
615:Kazakhstan
589:, Russia,
568:Kofi Annan
543:. Radical
519:on Syria,
426:Safe Zones
402:amendment:
165:Geneva III
94:(Geneva I)
8769:military
8246:Massacres
8133:Elections
8070:Riad Seif
7736:Islamists
7062:Spillover
5309:1966 coup
5304:1963 coup
5064:Spillover
5034:Timeline
5002:Overviews
4930:2 January
4665:25 August
4655:0261-3077
3865:. Rudaw.
3785:cite news
3617:3 January
3555:unscr.com
2307:cite news
1852:France 24
1816:156447200
962:Hezbollah
378:Proposals
185:Geneva IV
8852:Category
8810:Category
8627:Theories
8553:Pacifism
8533:Concepts
8459:Category
8251:Refugees
7788:al-Qaeda
5282:Timeline
4905:8 August
4859:Archived
4827:Archived
4783:Archived
4750:Archived
4724:Archived
4691:Archived
4689:. 2018.
4659:Archived
4596:20 March
4590:Archived
4570:20 March
4564:Archived
4538:Archived
4507:Archived
4487:20 March
4481:Archived
4461:20 March
4455:Archived
4425:Archived
4399:Archived
4373:Archived
4352:Archived
4328:Archived
4298:Archived
4271:cite web
4225:Archived
4195:Archived
4166:Archived
4136:Archived
4110:Archived
4080:Archived
4049:Archived
4028:Archived
4010:19 March
4004:Archived
3981:14 April
3975:Archived
3927:Archived
3893:ARA News
3867:Archived
3841:Archived
3815:Archived
3769:Archived
3708:Archived
3682:Archived
3661:Archived
3611:BBC News
3585:Archived
3559:Archived
3529:Archived
3499:Archived
3469:Archived
3439:Archived
3409:Archived
3384:Archived
3362:Teletext
3342:Archived
3318:Archived
3292:Archived
3262:Archived
3258:BBC News
3232:Archived
3203:Archived
3177:Archived
3151:Archived
3125:Archived
3095:Archived
3032:Archived
3002:Archived
2973:Archived
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2786:Archived
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2649:Archived
2619:Archived
2574:Archived
2550:Archived
2524:Archived
2500:cite web
2484:Archived
2462:Archived
2438:Archived
2417:Archived
2393:Archived
2367:Archived
2341:Archived
2291:Archived
2260:Archived
2190:Archived
2159:Archived
2107:Archived
2103:BBC News
2042:11 April
2036:Archived
2006:Archived
1979:Archived
1952:Archived
1896:Archived
1870:Archived
1742:See also
1260:Lausanne
1239:(ISIL).
1090:al-Qaeda
970:Damascus
966:Zabadani
856:, which
626:Timeline
545:Salafist
439:Projects
283:Refugees
8720:Ukraine
8123:Related
7695:Support
7346:PFLP-GC
7148:Lebanon
7028:Jan-Dec
6974:Jan–Dec
6920:Jan–Dec
6871:Jan–Dec
6767:Sep–Dec
6763:May–Aug
6759:Jan–Apr
6640:Sep–Dec
6636:May–Aug
6632:Jan–Apr
6406:Sep–Dec
6402:May–Aug
6398:Jan–Apr
6187:Sep–Dec
6183:May–Aug
6179:Jan–Apr
6025:Aug–Dec
6021:Jan–Jul
5841:Aug–Dec
5837:Jan–Jul
5697:May–Dec
5693:Jan–Apr
5507:Sep–Dec
5503:May–Aug
5499:Jan–Apr
5378:Sep–Dec
5374:May–Aug
5370:Jan–Apr
4617:Reuters
4544:5 April
4397:. AFP.
4304:15 July
4261:15 July
4231:15 July
4221:Reuters
4201:15 July
4172:15 July
4106:Reuters
4055:23 June
3955:2 March
3933:21 June
3688:21 June
3680:. BBC.
3565:11 July
3535:21 June
3495:Reuters
3475:11 July
3445:5 April
3415:11 July
3364:of the
3324:29 June
3288:Reuters
3268:11 July
3238:25 June
2655:11 July
2645:Reuters
2530:11 July
2399:11 July
2214:12 July
2186:Twitter
2001:Reuters
1876:21 June
1868:. BBC.
1693:updated
1453:Latakia
1154:Russian
942:in the
819:of the
803:leader
702:Reuters
239:2022–24
74:2011–12
52:History
8824:People
8787:(1992)
8781:(1990)
8775:(1990)
8755:(1975)
8685:Cyprus
8472:Portal
8194:Issues
7893:Rifaat
7883:Bashar
7853:People
7585:Turkey
7254:(Iran)
7187:Turkey
5024:Rojava
4653:
4142:5 July
4116:2 July
3505:2 July
3298:2 July
2490:20 May
2347:20 May
2297:7 June
2266:7 June
1814:
1665:Astana
1581:Turkey
1461:Ghouta
1222:Syrian
1201:Munich
1158:Lavrov
1140:Geneva
1112:Turkey
1092:ties.
1068:Riyadh
1027:Riyadh
1008:Vienna
1004:Turkey
996:Russia
900:Astana
878:was a
825:Tehran
670:Russia
611:Astana
603:Turkey
541:Turkey
521:Russia
515:, the
8725:Yemen
8715:Syria
8526:Peace
7888:Maher
7575:Qatar
7289:Syria
5019:Syria
4086:5 May
1812:S2CID
1617:as a
1541:Sochi
1258:, in
1225:Assad
1116:Qatar
968:near
933:envoy
674:China
599:Egypt
591:China
505:Syria
8486:Asia
7101:Iraq
7023:2023
6969:2022
6915:2021
6866:2020
6754:2019
6627:2018
6393:2017
6174:2016
6016:2015
5832:2014
5688:2013
5494:2012
5365:2011
4932:2023
4907:2022
4867:2019
4835:2019
4791:2020
4758:2019
4732:2019
4699:2019
4667:2019
4651:ISSN
4629:2018
4598:2018
4572:2018
4546:2018
4515:2019
4489:2018
4463:2018
4433:2017
4407:2017
4381:2017
4336:2017
4306:2017
4280:help
4263:2017
4233:2017
4203:2017
4174:2017
4144:2017
4118:2017
4088:2017
4057:2017
4012:2017
3983:2018
3957:2017
3935:2018
3905:2017
3875:2017
3849:2017
3823:2017
3797:help
3777:2017
3746:2017
3716:2017
3690:2018
3645:2017
3619:2021
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3537:2018
3507:2017
3477:2017
3447:2018
3417:2017
3326:2017
3300:2017
3270:2017
3240:2017
3211:2016
3185:2016
3159:2016
3133:2016
3103:2016
2981:2015
2955:2015
2929:2015
2903:2015
2873:2016
2843:2015
2794:2015
2765:2015
2739:2015
2713:2015
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2657:2017
2627:2015
2558:2017
2532:2017
2506:link
2492:2019
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2167:2014
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2078:2013
2044:2012
2014:2015
1960:2015
1934:2013
1904:2017
1878:2018
1629:The
1579:and
1114:and
1103:and
1046:ISSG
1002:and
974:Iran
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229:2019
219:2019
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129:2014
119:2013
109:2012
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64:2011
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3923:BBC
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3121:BBC
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