451:, one of the Latin cities that had rejected the treaty with Rome. Unable to take the city by force of arms, Tarquin resorted to another stratagem. His son, Sextus, pretending to be ill-treated by his father, and covered with the bloody marks of stripes, fled to Gabii. The infatuated inhabitants entrusted him with the command of their troops, and when he had obtained the unlimited confidence of the citizens, he sent a messenger to his father to inquire how he should deliver the city into his hands. The king, who was walking in his garden when the messenger arrived, made no reply but kept striking off the heads of the tallest poppies with his stick. Sextus took the hint, and put to death, or banished on false charges, all the leading men of Gabii, after which he had no difficulty in compelling the city to submit.
380:
507:
2759:
1731:
2286:
40:
528:, who offered him nine books of prophecy at an exorbitant price. Tarquin abruptly refused, and the Sibyl proceeded to burn three of the nine. She then offered him the remaining books, but at the same price. He hesitated, but refused again. The Sibyl then burned three more books before offering him the three remaining books at the original price. At last, Tarquin accepted, in this way obtaining the
359:, as had been the tradition for the election of kings of Rome; for having become king through the machinations of a woman; for favouring the lower classes of Rome over the wealthy, and for taking the land of the upper classes for distribution to the poor; and for instituting the census so that the wealth of the upper classes might be exposed in order to excite popular envy.
685:, accompanied by a force of Roman exiles, fought alongside the Latins. Once more the battle was hard-fought and narrowly decided, with both sides suffering great losses. Mamilius was slain, the master of the horse grievously injured, and Titus Tarquinius barely escaped with his life. But in the end, the Latins abandoned the field, and Rome retained her independence.
424:, placed over his head, into which stones were thrown, drowning him. The meeting of the Latin chiefs then continued, and Tarquin persuaded them to renew their treaty with Rome, becoming her allies rather than her enemies. It was agreed that the soldiers of the Latins would attend at the grove on an appointed day, and form a united military force with the
367:
the street. But in a frenzy, Tullia herself seized the reins, and drove the wheels of her chariot over her father's corpse. The king's blood spattered against the chariot and stained Tullia's clothes, so that she brought a gruesome relic of the murder back to her house. The street where Tullia disgraced the dead king afterwards became known as the
576:, where he implored Lucretia to give herself to him. When she refused, he threatened that if she did not yield herself to him, he would kill her, and claim that he had discovered her in the act of adultery with a slave, for which reason he had slain the unfaithful Lucretia, delivering the punishment as her husband's kinsman.
599:, Brutus was head of the king's personal bodyguard, and entitled to summon the Roman comitia. This he did, and by recounting the various grievances of the people, the king's abuses of power, and by inflaming public sentiment with the tale of the rape of Lucretia, Brutus persuaded the comitia to revoke the king's
603:
and send him into exile. Tullia fled the city in fear of the mob, while Sextus
Tarquinius, his deed revealed, fled to Gabii, where he hoped for the protection of the Roman garrison. However, his previous conduct there had made him many enemies, and he was soon assassinated. In place of the king, the
362:
When word of this brazen deed reached
Servius, he hurried to the curia to confront Tarquin, who levelled the same accusations against his father-in-law, and then in his youth and vigour carried the king outside and flung him down the steps of the senate house and into the street. The king's retainers
314:
The elder sister, Tullia Major, was of mild disposition, yet married the ambitious
Tarquin. Her younger sister, Tullia Minor, was of fiercer temperament, but her husband Arruns was not. She came to despise him, and conspired with Tarquin to bring about the deaths of Tullia Major and Arruns. After the
631:
Meanwhile, the king sent ambassadors to the senate, ostensibly to request the return of his personal property, but in reality to subvert a number of Rome's leading men. When this plot was discovered, those found guilty were put to death by the consuls. Brutus was forced to condemn his two sons Titus
366:
Tullia drove in her chariot to the senate house, where she was the first to hail her husband as king. But
Tarquin bade her return home, concerned that the crowd might do her violence. As she drove toward the Urbian Hill, her driver stopped suddenly, horrified at the sight of the king's body lying in
354:
In time, Tarquin felt ready to seize the throne. He went to the senate house with a group of armed men, sat himself on the throne, and summoned the senators to attend upon him. He then spoke to the senators, denigrating
Servius as a slave born of a slave; for failing to be elected by the senate and
627:
sent contingents to join the king's army, and he prepared to march upon Rome. Meanwhile, Brutus prepared a force to meet the returning army. In a surprising reversal, Brutus demanded that his colleague
Collatinus resign the consulship and go into exile because he bore the hated name of Tarquinius.
579:
To spare her husband the shame threatened by Sextus, Lucretia submitted to his desire. But when he had departed for the camp, Lucretia sent for her husband and father, revealing the whole matter, and accusing Sextus of raping her. Despite the pleas of her family, Lucretia stabbed herself to spare
419:
inveighed against
Tarquin's arrogance, and warned his countrymen against trusting the Roman king. Tarquin then bribed Turnus' servant to store a large number of swords in his master's lodging. Tarquin called together the Latin leaders, and accused Turnus of plotting his assassination. The Latin
395:
Tarquin commenced his reign by refusing to bury the dead
Servius, and then putting to death several leading senators, whom he suspected of remaining loyal to Servius. By not replacing the slain senators, and not consulting the senate on matters of government, he diminished both the size and the
781:
in which
Tarquin is said to have instructed his son Sextus to weaken the city of Gabii by destroying its leading men. The motif of using an unwitting messenger to deliver such a message through the metaphor of cutting the heads off the tallest poppies may have been borrowed from
659:. Accounts vary as to whether Porsena finally entered Rome, or was thwarted, but modern scholarship suggests that he was able to occupy the city briefly before withdrawing. Ultimately, his efforts were of no avail to the exiled Roman king.
396:
authority of the senate. In another break with tradition, Tarquin judged capital crimes without the advice of counsellors, causing fear amongst those who might think to oppose him. He made a powerful ally when he betrothed his daughter to
668:
Tarquin's final attempt to regain the Roman kingdom came in 499 or 496 BC, when he persuaded his son-in-law, Octavius
Mamilius, dictator of Tusculum, to march on Rome at the head of a Latin army. The Roman army was led by the dictator
569:, the wife of Collatinus, who was engaged in domestic activities. Lucretia received the princes graciously, and together her beauty and virtue kindled the flame of desire in Collatinus' cousin, Sextus Tarquinius, the king's son.
420:
leaders accompanied Tarquin to Turnus' lodging and, the swords then being discovered, the Latin's guilt was then speedily inferred. Turnus was condemned to be thrown into a pool of water in the grove with a wooden frame, or
554:. At that time, the Rutuli were a very wealthy nation, and Tarquin was keen to obtain the spoils that would come with victory, in hopes of assuaging the ire of his subjects. Failing to take their capital of
258:, but modern historians believe that to be "impossible" under the traditional chronology, indicating either he was Priscus' grandson or that the traditional chronology itself is "unsound".
632:
and Tiberius to death because they had taken part in the conspiracy. Leaving Lucretius in charge of the city, Brutus departed to meet the king on the field of battle. At the
565:
claimed to have the most dedicated of spouses. With his companions, they secretly visited each other's homes, and discovered all of the wives enjoying themselves, except for
351:, especially those from houses that had been raised to senatorial rank under Tarquin the Elder. He bestowed presents upon them, and spread criticism of Servius the king.
347:
Tullia encouraged her husband to advance his own position, ultimately persuading him to usurp her father, King Servius. Tarquin solicited the support of the patrician
234:, the fifth king of Rome, and to have gained the throne through the murders of both his wife and his elder brother, followed by the assassination of his predecessor,
3159:
363:
fled, and as he made his way towards the palace, the aged Servius was set upon and murdered by Tarquin's assassins, perhaps on the advice of his own daughter.
561:
With little prospect of battle, the young noblemen in the king's army fell to drinking and boasting. When the subject turned to the virtue of their wives,
277:
636:, the Romans won a hard-fought victory over the king and his Etruscan allies. Each side sustained painful losses; the consul Brutus and his cousin,
296:
3164:
1705:
637:
160:
868:
1278:
2908:
328:
2320:
2032:
777:," in which persons of unusual merit are attacked or resented because of their achievements, derives its name from the episode in
1786:
1520:
619:
When word of the uprising reached the king, Tarquin abandoned Ardea and sought support from his allies in Etruria. The cities of
792:
contain a similar story involving ears of wheat instead of poppies. A passage concerning Livy's version of the story appears in
276:
According to an Etruscan tradition, the hero Macstarna, usually equated with Servius Tullius, defeated and killed a Roman named
1386:
1831:
1375:
1354:
1325:
1243:
137:
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from captivity. This may recollect an otherwise forgotten attempt by the sons of Tarquin the Elder to reclaim the throne.
3207:
1610:
300:
17:
379:
3176:
651:. Porsena's march on Rome and the valiant defence of the Romans achieved legendary status, giving rise to the story of
1316:
Cornell, Tim (2014). "Tarquinius Superbus, Lucius". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.).
1298:
670:
440:
411:
leaders to discuss the bonds between Rome and the Latin towns. The meeting was held at a grove sacred to the goddess
320:
3232:
759:
546:
In 509 BC, having angered the Roman populace through the pace and burden of constant building, Tarquin embarked on
269:. When the sons of Marcius subsequently arranged the elder Tarquin's assassination in 579 BC, Tanaquil placed
2970:
1985:
541:
46:
3227:
3222:
3212:
1946:
581:
1781:
2313:
1868:
1776:
1418:
1272:
580:
Collatinus any suspicion that she had betrayed him. Her grieving husband, together with his father-in-law,
562:
91:
291:
To forestall further dynastic strife, Servius married his daughters, known to history as Tullia Major and
1936:
1513:
388:
2841:
1931:
1857:
1455:
1402:
589:
547:
830:. He is depicted as a zombie king who attacks the demigods for trying to rewrite the Sibylline Books.
2975:
2810:
1898:
1878:
1739:
1720:
1685:
1564:
497:. He constructed tiers of seats in the circus, and ordered the excavation of Rome's great sewer, the
444:
231:
178:
3090:
3069:
3059:
2466:
2329:
2075:
1438:
439:. He celebrated a triumph, and with the spoils of this conquest, he commenced the erection of the
3242:
3074:
2306:
2095:
1603:
1431:
663:
1214:
628:
Stunned by this betrayal, Collatinus complied, and his father-in-law was chosen to succeed him.
3237:
3217:
2902:
1916:
1911:
1506:
1460:
3121:
3018:
2674:
2593:
2341:
1921:
1826:
1756:
1619:
863:
834:
788:
656:
633:
251:
1730:
3116:
3000:
2954:
2744:
2588:
2361:
2158:
822:
813:
763:
721:
689:
585:
514:
304:
87:
1175:
793:
758:. Toward the end of his speech, he inserted as a rhetorical flourish a comparison between
51:
8:
3154:
2960:
2846:
2820:
2679:
2528:
2518:
2481:
2027:
1956:
1951:
774:
709:
704:
678:
518:
596:
265:. Tanaquil had engineered her husband's succession to the Roman kingdom on the death of
3247:
3033:
2659:
2623:
2583:
2558:
2461:
2441:
2381:
2298:
2070:
2021:
1640:
1596:
798:
751:
255:
230:
mingle history and legend. Tarquin was said to have been either the son or grandson of
3171:
3131:
2785:
2739:
2613:
2603:
2553:
2426:
2406:
2401:
2386:
2285:
2118:
2065:
1974:
1966:
1851:
1816:
1766:
1371:
1350:
1331:
1321:
1304:
1294:
1239:
998:
727:
688:
After the Latin defeat and the death of his son-in-law, Tarquin went to the court of
463:
397:
332:
324:
165:
147:
517:, depicting the king receiving a laurel; the poppies in the foreground refer to the
204:, reigning 25 years until the popular uprising that led to the establishment of the
3064:
2795:
2714:
2654:
2513:
2491:
2476:
2008:
1979:
1906:
1806:
1743:
1650:
1645:
1635:
1627:
1552:
805:
715:
682:
674:
425:
416:
316:
155:
1271:
3186:
3181:
3100:
3095:
2948:
2916:
2800:
2333:
2110:
2003:
1926:
1796:
1791:
1695:
1675:
1570:
1476:
1426:
1365:
1344:
652:
613:
529:
494:
281:
270:
235:
77:
762:
and various historical figures who were brought low by their enemies, including
3038:
2927:
2790:
2508:
2133:
2014:
1941:
1771:
1751:
1715:
1546:
755:
436:
315:
murder of their spouses, Tarquin and Tullia were married. They had three sons:
205:
3201:
2965:
2889:
2805:
2734:
2704:
2684:
2533:
2456:
2446:
2347:
2228:
2090:
1998:
1992:
1873:
1670:
1558:
1335:
1267:
809:
767:
747:
525:
499:
482:
308:
285:
266:
239:
227:
1308:
238:. His reign has been described as a tyranny that justified the abolition of
3028:
3023:
2985:
2882:
2431:
2371:
2289:
2208:
2100:
2080:
1761:
1710:
1529:
1483:
1163:
827:
644:
609:
555:
506:
408:
348:
292:
201:
59:
2436:
616:, presided over the election of the first consuls, Brutus and Collatinus.
2780:
2085:
2060:
1660:
1288:
839:
486:
356:
2758:
1588:
2990:
2897:
2664:
2649:
2639:
2568:
2548:
2042:
39:
3136:
2724:
2618:
2253:
2238:
2213:
2183:
2153:
1821:
1655:
783:
739:
624:
493:
shrines to make way for the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the
459:
412:
2128:
1367:
Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Kierkegaard and Fear and Trembling
707:
describes the events leading to Tarquin's downfall in his long poem
3043:
2980:
2921:
2825:
2644:
2598:
2573:
2503:
2411:
2396:
2391:
2366:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2243:
2223:
2055:
2050:
1841:
1801:
1690:
600:
573:
566:
401:
336:
262:
213:
189:
295:, to Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the future king, and his brother
2699:
2689:
2608:
2578:
2563:
2523:
2421:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2163:
2138:
1836:
1665:
1540:
733:
648:
558:
by storm, the king determined to take the city by siege instead.
475:
467:
95:
1498:
1320:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 767.
3126:
2868:
2862:
2775:
2709:
2694:
2669:
2451:
2376:
1883:
1811:
551:
490:
432:
2995:
2719:
2543:
2498:
2486:
2471:
2416:
2273:
2233:
2218:
2168:
2143:
2123:
1888:
1863:
1846:
1680:
1188:
James D. Hart and Phillip W. Leininger, "Henry, Patrick," in
693:
471:
455:
448:
220:
121:
1388:
Cassell's New Compact Latin-English English-Latin Dictionary
592:, swore an oath to expel the king and his family from Rome.
2876:
2729:
2248:
2148:
1413:
1282:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
858:
778:
620:
307:, one of the men who would later lead the overthrow of the
273:
on the throne, in preference to her own sons or grandsons.
109:
443:, which Tarquin the Elder had vowed. He then engaged in a
2538:
1195:
2328:
910:
1164:
https://en.wikisource.org/The_Tragedy_of_Macbeth/Act_II
1162:"With Tarquin's ravishing strides, towards his design"
458:, and renewed the treaty of peace between Rome and the
200:(died 495 BC) was the legendary seventh and final
524:
According to one story, Tarquin was approached by the
303:, married Marcus Junius Brutus, and was the mother of
1176:"SCENE II. Imogen's bedchamber in Cymbeline's palace"
681:, while the elderly king and his last remaining son,
407:
Early in his reign, Tarquin called a meeting of the
889:
470:, and established Roman colonies at the towns of
3199:
1343:Hart, James D; Leininger, Phillip, eds. (1995).
342:
1318:The Oxford companion to classical civilization
1215:The Origins of Britten's Controversial Opera,
404:, among the most eminent of the Latin chiefs.
2314:
1604:
1514:
1342:
383:Tarquinius Superbus makes himself King; from
1706:Arruns Tarquinius (son of Tarquin the Proud)
966:
964:
1346:The Oxford Companion to American Literature
1190:The Oxford Companion to American Literature
954:
952:
820:Tarquin also appears in the fourth book of
713:. He also alludes to Tarquin in his plays,
431:Next, Tarquin instigated a war against the
2321:
2307:
1611:
1597:
1521:
1507:
250:The most ancient sources, such as that of
38:
1618:
961:
699:
481:At Rome, Tarquin levelled the top of the
1266:
949:
880:Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary
505:
378:
1384:
1363:
1315:
1286:
1233:
1201:
916:
895:
14:
3200:
643:After this failure, Tarquin turned to
612:to hold power jointly. Lucretius, the
535:
2302:
1592:
1502:
640:, fell in battle against each other.
572:After a few days, Sextus returned to
454:Tarquin agreed upon a peace with the
1273:"Tarquinius Superbus, Lucius"
833:Tarquin Superbus is a character in
808:employed the character in his 1946
24:
2757:
1396:
773:The cultural phenomenon known as "
770:, and, in some accounts, Tarquin.
750:gave a speech before the Virginia
489:, and removed a number of ancient
25:
3259:
1528:
1456:Britannica: Tarquin, King of Rome
1449:
1260:
852:
441:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
2284:
2033:English words of Etruscan origin
1907:Battle of Alalia (540 BC–535 BC)
1729:
1445:(Commentary on Vergil's Aeneid).
1443:Ad Virgilii Aeneidem Commentarii
254:, assert Tarquin was the son of
1986:Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum
1787:Etruscan names for Greek heroes
1255:
1234:Bennett, Claire-Louise (2022).
1227:
1207:
1182:
1168:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1053:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
991:
982:
973:
542:Overthrow of the Roman monarchy
223:for "proud, arrogant, lofty").
47:Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum
1947:Battle of Lake Vadimo (310 BC)
1922:Battle of the Cremera (477 BC)
940:
931:
922:
901:
873:
582:Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus
13:
1:
1238:. New York: Riverhead Books.
846:
435:, taking the wealthy town of
245:
27:Seventh and last King of Rome
1952:Battle of Populonia (282 BC)
1777:Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum
563:Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
466:, he won a victory over the
343:Overthrow of Servius Tullius
299:. One of Tarquin's sisters,
92:Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
7:
1937:Capture of Fidenae (435 BC)
1349:. Oxford University Press.
280:, and rescued the brothers
10:
3264:
3208:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
2816:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
2755:
1942:Battle of Veii (c. 396 BC)
1932:Battle of Fidenae (437 BC)
1858:Sarcophagus of the Spouses
1701:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
1577:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
1403:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
661:
539:
261:His mother supposedly was
208:. He is commonly known as
198:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
33:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
3147:
3109:
3083:
3052:
3011:
2939:
2855:
2834:
2811:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
2768:
2632:
2357:
2340:
2282:
2109:
2041:
1965:
1897:
1879:Tomb of the Roaring Lions
1738:
1727:
1721:Titus Vestricius Spurinna
1686:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
1626:
1565:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
1536:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1385:Simpson, DP, ed. (1963).
385:The Comic History of Rome
232:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
185:
179:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
174:
146:
127:
115:
105:
101:
83:
73:
65:
58:
37:
32:
3070:Rape of the Sabine Women
2076:National Etruscan Museum
1927:Battle of Cumae (474 BC)
1439:Maurus Servius Honoratus
1425:Gaius Plinius Secundus (
696:, where he died in 495.
389:Gilbert Abbott Ă Beckett
374:
226:Ancient accounts of the
3233:6th-century BC monarchs
3075:Battle of Lacus Curtius
2096:Tumulus of Montefortini
1279:Encyclopædia Britannica
664:Battle of Lake Regillus
2762:
2330:Ancient Roman religion
1917:Siege of Rome (508 BC)
1912:Siege of Rome (509 BC)
1391:. Funk & Wagnalls.
1364:Lippitt, John (2003).
1290:The beginnings of Rome
700:Modern representations
653:Horatius at the bridge
608:resolved to elect two
597:Tribune of the Celeres
584:, and his companions,
521:
392:
181:(possibly grandfather)
3228:6th-century BC Romans
3223:5th-century BC Romans
3213:6th-century BC births
2761:
1827:Monterozzi necropolis
1620:Etruscan civilization
1293:. London: Routledge.
1287:Cornell, Tim (1995).
864:ab urbe condita libri
754:in opposition to the
671:Aulus Postumius Albus
657:Gaius Mucius Scaevola
655:, and the bravery of
634:Battle of Silva Arsia
519:"tall poppy" allegory
509:
382:
371:the Street of Crime.
355:the people during an
252:Quintus Fabius Pictor
2955:Interpretatio graeca
2159:Civita di Bagnoregio
1832:Mythological figures
1409:(Roman Antiquities).
1407:Romaike Archaiologia
1217:The Rape of Lucretia
1061:Ad Virgilii Aeneidem
823:The Trials of Apollo
814:The Rape of Lucretia
586:Lucius Junius Brutus
515:Lawrence Alma-Tadema
305:Lucius Junius Brutus
88:Lucius Junius Brutus
3155:Classical mythology
2976:Theology of victory
2821:Kings of Alba Longa
2028:Tyrsenian languages
1957:Roman-Etruscan Wars
1869:Terracotta warriors
1579:(535–510 BC/509 BC)
1461:Stemma Tarquiniorum
835:Claire-Louis Bennet
775:tall poppy syndrome
710:The Rape of Lucrece
705:William Shakespeare
679:Titus Aebutius Elva
675:Master of the Horse
614:prefect of the city
536:Overthrow and exile
511:Tarquinius Superbus
462:. According to the
18:Tarquinius Superbus
2763:
2071:Monteleone Chariot
2022:Tabula Cortonensis
1802:Haruspex/Extispicy
1641:Villanovan culture
1435:(Natural History).
1432:Historia Naturalis
1213:Andrew Clements, "
1204:, pp. 137–38.
1048:Historia Naturalis
1037:Dionysius, iv. 62.
919:, pp. 133–41.
799:Fear and Trembling
752:House of Burgesses
606:comitia centuriata
522:
485:, overlooking the
415:. At the meeting,
393:
327:, and a daughter,
256:Tarquinius Priscus
3195:
3194:
3172:Etruscan religion
2786:Romulus and Remus
2769:Legendary figures
2753:
2752:
2402:Castor and Pollux
2296:
2295:
2066:Impasto (pottery)
1817:Liver of Piacenza
1767:Chimera of Arezzo
1586:
1585:
1497:
1496:
1492:Office abolished
1469:Legendary titles
1377:978-0-415-18047-4
1356:978-0-19-506548-0
1327:978-0-19-177848-3
1245:978-0-593-42049-2
1046:Pliny the Elder,
999:Fasti Triumphales
756:Stamp Act of 1765
638:Arruns Tarquinius
464:Fasti Triumphales
398:Octavius Mamilius
369:Vicus Sceleratus,
333:Octavius Mamilius
278:Gnaeus Tarquinius
210:Tarquin the Proud
195:
194:
166:Sextus Tarquinius
161:Arruns Tarquinius
52:Guillaume Rouillé
16:(Redirected from
3255:
3065:Founding of Rome
2835:Legendary beings
2796:Tullus Hostilius
2633:Abstract deities
2492:Lares Familiares
2355:
2354:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2288:
2009:Lemnian language
1980:Cippus Perusinus
1899:Military history
1733:
1651:Founding of Rome
1646:Padanian Etruria
1613:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1553:Tullus Hostilius
1523:
1516:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1474:Preceded by
1466:
1465:
1392:
1381:
1360:
1339:
1312:
1283:
1275:
1250:
1249:
1231:
1225:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1144:Livy, ii. 19–20.
1142:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1019:Livy, i. 55, 56.
1017:
1011:
1008:
1002:
995:
989:
986:
980:
977:
971:
968:
959:
956:
947:
944:
938:
935:
929:
926:
920:
914:
908:
905:
899:
893:
887:
877:
871:
856:
806:Benjamin Britten
716:Titus Andronicus
683:Titus Tarquinius
590:Publius Valerius
417:Turnus Herdonius
335:, the prince of
156:Titus Tarquinius
42:
30:
29:
21:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3187:Myth and ritual
3182:Greek mythology
3143:
3105:
3101:Pignora imperii
3096:Parabiago Plate
3079:
3048:
3007:
2941:
2935:
2917:Sibylline Books
2851:
2830:
2801:Servius Tullius
2764:
2749:
2628:
2344:
2336:
2327:
2297:
2292:
2278:
2105:
2037:
2004:Raetic language
1961:
1893:
1797:Fanum Voltumnae
1792:Tiburtine Sibyl
1782:Etruscan League
1734:
1725:
1696:Servius Tullius
1676:Caelius Vibenna
1622:
1617:
1587:
1582:
1571:Servius Tullius
1532:
1527:
1487:
1479:
1477:Servius Tullius
1452:
1427:Pliny the Elder
1419:History of Rome
1399:
1397:Ancient sources
1378:
1357:
1328:
1301:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1232:
1228:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:Livy, ii. 9–14.
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:Livy, i. 53–55.
1009:
1005:
996:
992:
988:Livy, i. 50–52.
987:
983:
978:
974:
969:
962:
957:
950:
945:
941:
936:
932:
927:
923:
915:
911:
906:
902:
894:
890:
878:
874:
857:
853:
849:
760:King George III
702:
666:
544:
538:
530:Sibylline Books
495:Capitoline Hill
377:
345:
271:Servius Tullius
248:
236:Servius Tullius
170:
142:
120:
78:Servius Tullius
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3261:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3243:Etruscan kings
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3039:Pythagoreanism
3036:
3034:Peripateticism
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2928:The Golden Ass
2919:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2847:Barnacle goose
2844:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2791:Numa Pompilius
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2338:
2337:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2015:Tabula Capuana
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1752:Apollo of Veii
1748:
1746:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1716:Lars Tolumnius
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1547:Numa Pompilius
1544:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1451:
1450:External links
1448:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1423:
1412:Titus Livius (
1410:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1382:
1376:
1361:
1355:
1340:
1326:
1313:
1299:
1284:
1270:, ed. (1911).
1268:Chisholm, Hugh
1262:
1261:Modern sources
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1226:
1224:, 1 June 2001.
1206:
1194:
1181:
1167:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1126:Livy, ii. 6–7.
1119:
1110:
1108:Livy, ii. 1–3.
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1052:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
990:
981:
972:
960:
948:
939:
930:
921:
909:
900:
888:
872:
850:
848:
845:
701:
698:
662:Main article:
647:, the king of
540:Main article:
537:
534:
437:Suessa Pometia
376:
373:
344:
341:
331:, who married
247:
244:
206:Roman Republic
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
176:
172:
171:
169:
168:
163:
158:
152:
150:
144:
143:
141:
140:
135:
131:
129:
125:
124:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
99:
98:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
56:
55:
44:Portrait from
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3260:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3238:Kings of Rome
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:495 BC deaths
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:Imperial cult
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:and practices
2938:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2890:Metamorphoses
2887:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:Ancus Marcius
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:Tranquillitas
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:Dii Consentes
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:San Giovenale
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2091:Tomb of Orcus
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Pyrgi Tablets
1997:
1995:
1994:
1993:Liber Linteus
1990:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:Titus Larcius
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:Aulus Vibenna
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:Ancus Marcius
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1530:Kings of Rome
1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1493:
1490:
1488:534/5–509 BC
1486:
1485:
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1370:. Routledge.
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1300:0-415-01596-0
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1203:
1198:
1191:
1185:
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1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:Livy, ii. 21.
1150:
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1123:
1114:
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1096:
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884:s.v. superbus
881:
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844:
842:
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836:
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811:
810:chamber opera
807:
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800:
795:
791:
790:
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776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:Patrick Henry
744:
742:
741:
736:
735:
730:
729:
724:
723:
722:Julius Caesar
718:
717:
712:
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629:
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583:
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549:
543:
533:
531:
527:
526:Cumaean Sibyl
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
502:
501:
500:cloaca maxima
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:Tarpeian Rock
479:
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309:Roman Kingdom
306:
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286:Aulus Vibenna
283:
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267:Ancus Marcius
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61:
57:
53:
49:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3091:Gubernaculum
3060:Golden Bough
3029:Neoplatonism
3024:Epicureanism
2953:
2926:
2907:
2888:
2881:
2867:
2815:
2372:Anna Perenna
2346:
2209:Poggio Colla
2101:Vicus Tuscus
2081:Negau helmet
2020:
2013:
1991:
1984:
1856:
1757:Architecture
1711:Lars Porsena
1700:
1576:
1573:(578–535 BC)
1567:(616–579 BC)
1561:(642–617 BC)
1555:(673–642 BC)
1549:(717–673 BC)
1543:(753–717 BC)
1491:
1484:King of Rome
1482:
1442:
1430:
1417:
1406:
1387:
1366:
1345:
1317:
1289:
1277:
1256:Bibliography
1235:
1229:
1222:The Guardian
1221:
1216:
1209:
1202:Lippitt 2003
1197:
1189:
1184:
1170:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1117:Livy, ii. 5.
1113:
1104:
1099:Livy, i. 60.
1095:
1090:Livy, i. 59.
1086:
1081:Livy, i. 58.
1077:
1072:Livy, i. 57.
1068:
1060:
1055:
1047:
1042:
1033:
1028:Livy, i. 56.
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
993:
984:
979:Livy, i. 49.
975:
970:Livy, i. 48.
958:Livy, i. 47.
946:Livy, i. 46.
942:
937:Livy, i. 56.
933:
928:Livy, i. 42.
924:
917:Cornell 1995
912:
907:Livy, i. 41.
903:
896:Cornell 2014
891:
883:
879:
875:
862:
854:
838:
832:
828:Rick Riordan
821:
819:
812:
804:
797:
787:
772:
745:
738:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
703:
687:
667:
645:Lars Porsena
642:
630:
618:
605:
594:
578:
571:
560:
550:against the
545:
523:
510:
498:
480:
453:
430:
421:
406:
394:
384:
368:
365:
361:
353:
346:
313:
293:Tullia Minor
290:
275:
260:
249:
240:the monarchy
228:regal period
225:
216:
209:
202:king of Rome
197:
196:
138:Tullia Minor
134:Tullia Major
60:King of Rome
45:
3165:Persecution
3117:Gallo-Roman
2909:Res divinae
2781:Rhea Silvia
2086:Portonaccio
2061:Etruscology
1661:Tyrrhenians
1441:(Servius),
1236:Checkout 19
1050:, xiii. 88.
840:Checkout-19
794:Kierkegaard
690:Aristodemus
357:interregnum
212:, from his
74:Predecessor
3202:Categories
3110:Variations
3012:Philosophy
2991:Capitolium
2898:Propertius
2665:Averruncus
2650:Aeternitas
2640:Abundantia
2569:Proserpina
2119:Acquarossa
2043:Archeology
847:References
826:series by
728:Coriolanus
548:a campaign
426:Roman army
391:(c. 1850s)
246:Background
69:534–509 BC
50:(1553) by
3248:Tarquinii
3137:Mithraism
3122:Mysteries
2971:Palladium
2949:Festivals
2725:Securitas
2675:Concordia
2619:Vertumnus
2437:DÄ«s Pater
2334:mythology
2254:Vetulonia
2239:Tarquinia
2214:Populonia
2184:Fescennia
2154:Cerveteri
2111:Key sites
1822:Mezentius
1656:Tyrrhenus
1336:900444999
1192:, p. 286.
1063:, vi. 72.
1059:Servius,
837:'s novel
789:Histories
784:Herodotus
764:Charles I
746:In 1765,
740:Cymbeline
625:Tarquinii
460:Etruscans
413:Ferentina
329:Tarquinia
301:Tarquinia
84:Successor
3177:Glossary
3148:See also
3044:Stoicism
3019:Cynicism
2981:Pomerium
2940:Concepts
2922:Apuleius
2842:She-wolf
2826:Hersilia
2745:Victoria
2645:Aequitas
2599:Summanus
2589:Silvanus
2574:Quirinus
2504:Libertas
2467:Hercules
2412:Cloacina
2397:Carmenta
2392:Bona Dea
2367:Angerona
2362:Agenoria
2269:Volterra
2264:Volsinii
2259:Vie Cave
2244:Tuscania
2224:Rusellae
2056:Cuniculi
2051:Bucchero
1975:Alphabet
1967:Language
1852:Religion
1842:Poppilia
1691:Tanaquil
1309:31515793
786:, whose
673:and his
601:imperium
574:Collatia
567:Lucretia
402:Tusculum
349:senators
337:Tusculum
263:Tanaquil
217:Superbus
214:cognomen
190:Tanaquil
3160:Decline
3084:Objects
2986:Temples
2966:Charity
2700:Laverna
2690:Fortuna
2680:Feronia
2609:Veritas
2579:Salacia
2564:Priapus
2549:Penates
2529:Neptune
2524:Minerva
2519:Mercury
2482:Jupiter
2422:Dea Dia
2387:Bellona
2342:Deities
2204:Perusia
2199:Orvieto
2194:Norchia
2189:Fidenae
2179:Falerii
2174:Etruria
2164:Clusium
2139:Bologna
2134:Baratti
1837:Persius
1807:Jewelry
1744:society
1740:Culture
1666:Tarchon
1636:Origins
1628:History
1541:Romulus
734:Macbeth
649:Clusium
610:consuls
476:Circeii
468:Sabines
282:Caelius
96:Consuls
3127:Cybele
3053:Events
3001:Celtic
2869:Aeneid
2863:Virgil
2776:Aeneas
2710:Pietas
2695:Fontus
2670:Caelus
2660:Annona
2655:Africa
2624:Vulcan
2584:Saturn
2559:Pomona
2462:Genius
2452:Faunus
2442:Egeria
2382:Aurora
2377:Apollo
2290:Portal
2129:Aleria
1884:Vegoia
1812:Lausus
1374:
1353:
1334:
1324:
1307:
1297:
1242:
1220:", in
768:Caesar
737:, and
552:Rutuli
491:Sabine
472:Signia
433:Volsci
422:cratis
325:Sextus
323:, and
321:Arruns
297:Arruns
186:Mother
175:Father
128:Spouse
119:495 BC
2996:Cella
2903:Varro
2883:Fasti
2856:Texts
2740:Terra
2720:Salus
2685:Fides
2614:Vesta
2604:Venus
2554:Pluto
2544:Orcus
2499:Liber
2487:Lares
2472:Janus
2457:Flora
2447:Fauna
2427:Diana
2417:Cupid
2407:Ceres
2274:Vulci
2234:Spina
2219:Pyrgi
2169:Cumae
2144:Caere
2124:Adria
1889:Vulca
1864:Tages
1847:Raeti
1772:Coins
1681:Capys
694:Cumae
556:Ardea
487:Forum
456:Aequi
449:Gabii
447:with
409:Latin
375:Reign
317:Titus
221:Latin
148:Issue
122:Cumae
66:Reign
3132:Isis
2877:Ovid
2730:Spes
2715:Roma
2514:Mars
2509:Luna
2477:Juno
2432:Dies
2332:and
2249:Veii
2149:Ceri
1742:and
1414:Livy
1372:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1332:OCLC
1322:ISBN
1305:OCLC
1295:ISBN
1240:ISBN
859:Livy
779:Livy
623:and
621:Veii
588:and
474:and
284:and
116:Died
110:Rome
106:Born
2705:Pax
2594:Sol
2539:Ops
2534:Nox
1762:Art
1429:),
1416:),
796:'s
692:at
595:As
513:by
445:war
400:of
387:by
94:as
3204::
1405:,
1330:.
1303:.
1276:.
963:^
951:^
882:,
867:,
861:,
843:.
817:.
802:.
766:,
743:.
731:,
725:,
719:,
677:,
532:.
503:.
478:.
428:.
339:.
319:,
311:.
242:.
90:,
2351:)
2345:(
2322:e
2315:t
2308:v
1612:e
1605:t
1598:v
1522:e
1515:t
1508:v
1422:.
1380:.
1359:.
1338:.
1311:.
1248:.
1178:.
898:.
886:.
869:I
219:(
20:)
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