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1939:, the period coincides with the decline of Tarumanagara. It is very likely that Tarumanagara kingdom was attacked and defeated by Srivijaya around 686. The pretext behind Srivijayan campaign against Tarumanagara was obscure, however it was probably because of Jayanasa's own claim to Tarumanagara's throne, afterall his wife, Sobakancana, is the daughter of Linggawarman, the late king of Tarumanagara. After this naval invasion, Tarumanegara's influence began to decline.
2442:
2397:
1365:
153:
27:
2159:—Tarumanagara was completely forgotten among local population in West Java. It was not until late 19th century when archaeologist and historian finally deciphered the stone inscriptions discovered near Buitenzorg and Batavia. The discovery and study of numerous Tarumanagara inscriptions; especially those issued by King Purnawarman, had uncover that this kingdom was indeed the earliest Hindu polity in western Indonesia. Together with
1824:
2386:
1840:. The inscription mentions the name of the ruling king is Purnawarman. Cidanghiang inscription (sits further to the west at Lebak in the Pandeglang area), consisting of two lines, proclaiming Purnawarman as the standard for rulers around the world. Jambu inscription, with a two-line inscription in Pallava/Sanskrit, bears the large footprints of the king. The inscription translates as:
1895:, southeast of current Garut with its capital city located in Banjar Pataruman. Kertawarman's successor, King Linggawarman ruled from 628 to 650, he however produced no male heir. Linggawarman's eldest daughter Manasih, married to Tarusbawa, ruler of Sunda Sembawa. While the second daughter of King Linggawarman, Princess Sobakancana, married
2134:
The stratigraphy of
Blandongan temple revealed several layers of cultures dated between 2nd–12th century. This means after the fall of Tarumanagara, the Buddhist site of Batujaya was still actively used. Which means the Batujaya temples was used between the 4th and 7th century during the Tarumanagara
1835:
The history of the
Tarumanegara Kingdom comes from a number of inscriptions dating from the 5th century AD. The inscriptions are named based on the location where they were found, namely the Ciaruteun inscription, the Pasir Koleangkak inscription, the Kebonkopi inscription, the Tugu inscription, the
1844:
The name of the king who is famous of faithfully executing his duties and who is incomparable (peerless) is Sri
Purnawarman who reigns Taruma. His armour cannot be penetrated by the arrows of his enemies. The prints of the foot soles belong to him who was always successful to destroy the fortresses
1887:
A rather detailed information was known about King
Suryawarman that ruled from 535 to 561. King Suryawarman established a new capital city eastward and left Sundapura and its communities to preserve their own order. Then, Sundapura become a new smaller kingdom called Sunda Sambawa which was under
1993:
mentioned about the construction of hydraulic projects through the construction canals. This irrigation project suggest that the area of northern West Java and
Jakarta was transformed into irrigated rice paddies. The canals also meant as a water management to prevent flooding that often hit the
2018:
that visited
Tarumanagara in his journey to India; in the early 5th century there were three kinds of religions adhered by the population of Taruma kingdom; i.e. Buddhism just as adhered by Faxian himself, Hinduism, and a religion which he described as "impure" religion. The so-called "impure"
1980:
The
Chinese source mentioned about the product being traded in Taruma, which suggests the population made a living in hunting, mining, fishing, trade and shipping; aside of agriculture and farming sector. The commodities being traded in Taruma was specific hunting products, such as
1603:
Not only the stones testify of the existence of King
Purnawarman and his Tarumanagara kingdom, but also Chinese historical sources, since Tarumanagara maintained extended trade and diplomatic relations in the territory stretching between India and China. The Chinese Buddhist Monk
1573:, dated from the 5th century, written in Vengi letters (used in the Indian Pallava period) and in Sanskrit language. This is the earliest inscription that clearly mentioned the kingdom's name "Tarumanagara". The inscription reports the most famous king of Tarumanagara.
1538:
The historiography of the Taruma kingdom were mostly uncovered, acquired and constructed from two main sources; the primary record of the stone inscriptions discovered near present-day Bogor and
Jakarta, and Chinese chronicles dated from the Sui and Tang dynasties.
1866:
Purnawarman probably is the most well-known king of
Tarumanagara because he produced quite a number of well documented inscriptions. The records about Tarumanagara's later kings were scarce and obscure, most were known from later manuscripts and local traditions.
2037:
has dug the canal in Chandrabhaga. Purnawarman himself credited for the construction of Gomati canal. The inscription also mentioned that King Purnawarman donated a thousand cows as gifts for Brahmins. These rituals demonstrate the Vedic Hinduism practice. The
1591:
Located nearby is the Kebon Kopi I inscription, also called Telapak Gadjah stone, with an inscription and the engraving of two large elephant footprints. The inscription read: These elephant foot soles, akin to those of the strong
1888:
control of Tarumanagara. Before the Suryavarman reigned Tarumanagara, Manikmaya, his son in-law, in 526, left Sundapura went southeastward and established Kendan, a new kingdom currently in Nagreg area, near modern Garut city.
1514:
secured the hydraulic project through ritual. Tarumanagara is believed to have existed between 358 and 669 CE in the Western Java region, in and around modern-day Bogor, Bekasi and Jakarta, which roughly corresponds to modern
1616:(耶婆提.Chinese spelling of Javadvipa), most probably the western part of Java island, for six months, from December 412 until May 413. He reported that the Law of Buddha was not much known, but that the Brahmans (
2090:
was practiced in Tarumanagara as reported by Faxian in early 5th century. However, he said there were only a few Buddhists in the kingdom. Near the north coast of West Java, earth mounds called by locals as
2118:
In total, archeological finds have uncovered around 30 sites (13 are of brick temples) from the Batujaya archaeological complex. These 5th century findings are of temples, stupas, inscriptions and moulded
1665:. However, currently the Wangsakerta manuscripts are generally discounted as a valid historical source among historians, since this controversial manuscript is suspected as a fraud containing
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were discovered near Blandongan temple, also in the Batujaya archaeological site, confirming a Buddhist background of the site, and that the faith was indeed practiced in Tarumanagara.
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was the main religion in Tarumanagara kingdom, at least among its elites ruling class. This is based on several inscriptions dated from Tarumanagara period. For example,
1578:"The powerful illustrious and brave King, the famous Purnawarman (of the) Tarumanagara (kingdom) whose (print of the) foot soles are the same (as those of) God Vishnu."
323:
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2072:. The Vishnu statues from Cibuaya dated from 7th century, also the Rajarsi statue discovered in Jakarta, also testified of Hindu prevalence in Tarumanagara.
1635:(possibly 塔鲁纳) (Taruma) has sent diplomatic mission, which arrived in China in 528 and 535. It was mentioned that the kingdom is located far south of China.
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Two Vishnu statues from Cibuaya, Karawang, West Java. Tarumanagara c. 7th-8th century. The tubular crown bears similarities with Cambodian Khmer art.
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Devastated by Srivijayan invasion, King Tarusbawa then moved further inland to find a refuge in the south and established a new capital near the
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which suggest the Chinese pronunciation of "Taruma". Tarumanagara means the kingdom of Taruma. The name "Taruma" itself is connected to the
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was found in several inscriptions in the Western Java region dated from circa 4th century. The Chinese chronicle also recorded the name
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1764:. Archaeologist suggests that this culture was the predecessor of Taruma kingdom. This is affirmative regarding its connection to
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Buddhist stupa in Karawang, dated from late Tarumanagara period (5th–7th century) to early Srivijaya influence (7th–10th century).
1677:
2182:, since local historians believe that the capital of Tarumanagara was located in or around the present day Bekasi city. The name
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of his enemies, and was always charitable and gave honorable receptions to those who are loyal to him and hostile to his enemies.
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Between the period 528 to 669, Tarumanagara sent their embassy to Chinese court. The kingdom was mentioned in the annals of the
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The earliest known written records of Tarumanagara's existence were inscribed in stone inscriptions. Inscribed stone is called
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2863:"Jadi Ibu Kota Kerajaan Tarumanegara, Simak Sejarah Bekasi dari Zaman Kerajaan hingga Penjajahan - Pikiran Rakyat Bekasi"
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2107:(within the territory of Tarumanagara) have revealed that these earth mounds were actually red brick structures, either
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Kertawarman ruled c. 561 to 628. During this period the grandson of Manikmaya, Wretikandayun, in 612, established
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also demonstrated Vedic tradition; by equating the print of Purnawarman's soles with the foot of Hindu god
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2919:"Maharadja Cri Djajabhoepathi, Soenda’s Oudst Bekende Vorst", 1915, TBG, 57. Batavia: BGKW, page 201–219
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recovered from 1995, 1997 and 2001. Among these tablets include a Buddha seated on a throne, flanked by
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3127:
1896:
1530:. Numbers of stone inscriptions dated from Tarumanagara period were discovered in Western Java region.
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At least seven stone inscriptions connected to this kingdom were discovered in Western Java area, near
1144:
1950:). It seems that he left the coastal areas of port of Sunda and Kalapa (today coastal areas of modern
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The Sunda Kingdoms of West Java, From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with the Royal Center of Bogor
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culture was flourished in northern coastal Western Java. This clay pottery culture is identified as
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mentioned about countries in the far east of the known world then. Among others is a city called
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and turtle shell. Gold and silver were traded too, which suggest the active mining sector. The
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means "shield" or "protector") which suggests that all of them belongs in the same dynasty.
1565:). The stone inscription was discovered on the river bed of Ciaruteun river, a tributary of
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and surrounded with tall stupas and topped by parasols. Besides this, a number of Buddhist
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Later series of Tarumanagara kings are only known from their names, all bears the name
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1958:) under Srivijayan mandala's control. This capital centuries later became the city of
1772:; absorbing Hindu influences from India, and establishing early Hindu polity in Java.
1561:, a huge boulder of inscribed stone was spotted near Ciampea not far from Buitenzorg (
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1483:. The geographical position of coastal West Java, which corresponds to today modern
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means "silver", while in local Indonesian and Sundanese language, silver is called
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used to ride), belongs to Tarumanagara King who is successful and full of control.
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Inscription from the era of Purnawarman, undated, founded in Tugu sub-district of
1661:), a book within Wangsakerta manuscripts collection composed in late 17th century
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and its predecessor (Tarumanagara and Salakanagara) is recorded quite detailed in
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mentioned in Tarumanaga inscription believed was the ancient name of Bekasi—from
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1756:, named after its first discovered archaeological site, Buni village in Babelan,
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Tarumanagara is especially important as the historical identity for the city of
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Edi S. Ekadjati, Kebudayaan Sunda Zaman Pajajaran, Jilid 2, Pustaka Jaya, 2005
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archaeological site. The ancient society that supported the Buni culture was
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beliefs practiced by local population prior of Hindu-Buddhist influence.
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1982:
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2517:(in Indonesian) (5th reprint ed.). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius.
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period; and continued well after the 7th–10th century, possibly under
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1932:
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Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula
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Purnawarman apparently built a canal that changed the course of the
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2167:, Tarumanagara is remembered as a pioneer states that started the
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1955:
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were discovered in the 1960s. The excavated earth mounds in the
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2011:
1951:
1859:
1787:
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The inscriptions of Taruma kingdom are the earliest records of
1451:, Jambu, Pasir Awi, and Muara Cianten inscriptions near Bogor;
609:
2837:
Buddhist Dynamics in Premodern and Early Modern Southeast Asia
2736:"Batujaya Temple complex listed as national cultural heritage"
2205:, a private university based in Jakarta, established in 1959.
1836:
Pasir Awi inscription, the Muara Cianten inscription, and the
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2112:
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1986:
1947:
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1562:
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2696:"Mengungkap Kontroversi Naskah Wangsakerta - Radar Cirebon"
2371:
1800:
1741:
1425:
2776:
Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro; Nugroho Notosusanto (2008).
1972:). King Tarusbawa becomes the predecessor of Sunda kings.
2483:
Java Essay: The History and Culture of a Southern Country
1684:
in West Java, etymologically connected to Taruma kingdom.
2547:. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press.
1935:, South Sumatra, launched a military expedition against
1781:
written in 2nd-century Roman Empire, a Greek geographer
2033:
mentioned that the father of Purnawarman is titled as
1862:
discovered in Batujaya archaeological site, West Java.
2064:. In Jambu inscription, Purnavarman was equated with
1642:
also mentioned in the year 666 and 669 the envoys of
2840:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 27.
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2567:
2437:
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or the "three steps" performed by of Vishnu avatar,
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in Lebak village, Munjul district, south of Banten.
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2505:
2503:
2201:Tarumanagara kingdom also has become the name for
2754:
2680:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
3608:
2724:(in Indonesian). National Geographic Indonesia.
2572:. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 45 and 63.
2500:
2194:and finally corrupted into its present form as
1795:island. Iabadiou can be equated in Sanskrit as
1728:that used to create the indigo dyeing pigment.
136:
130:
2984:
2970:
2419:
1387:
1612:(佛國記) (414) that he stayed on the island of
1494:The kingdom was located not far from modern
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2509:
2079:Buddhist clay votive tablets discovered at
1487:, is a commanding region that controls the
2977:
2963:
2861:Bekasi, Pikiran Rakyat (29 January 2020).
2426:
2412:
1849:
1394:
1380:
151:
2810:"Sistem Registrasi Nasional Cagar Budaya"
2593:
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2010:According to the 4th century writings of
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
2833:
2644:"Kontroversi Tentang Naskah Wangsakerta"
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2513:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2
2190:(Sanskrit for "moon river"), changed to
2074:
2001:
1910:
1853:
1822:
1748:Around 400 BCE to 100 CE, a prehistoric
1735:
1676:
1541:
2834:Lammerts, D. Christian (13 July 2015).
2597:
2541:The Indianized States of Southeast Asia
1815:port town on the western edge of Java.
3609:
2860:
2778:Sejarah Nasional Indonesia: Zaman Kuno
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2534:
2479:
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2889:"History of Universitas Tarumanagara"
2641:
2614:
2604:. Jakarta: Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka.
2521:
2480:Iguchi, Masatoshi (28 January 2015).
1818:
1799:, which corresponds to the island of
1549:discovered by Tjiaroeteun river near
2608:
1655:Pustaka Rajyarajya i Bhumi Nusantara
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
13:
3627:Hindu Buddhist states in Indonesia
2722:"Citarum dalam Perspektif Sejarah"
2019:religion probably refer to native
1915:The fine brickwork on the base of
14:
3648:
2702:(in Indonesian). 14 December 2013
2570:Southeast Asia: A Concise History
1744:from Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta
1533:
2780:(in Indonesian). Balai Pustaka.
2642:Lubis, Nina H. (3 August 2012).
2440:
2395:
2384:
2275:History of Hinduism in Indonesia
2232:
1946:river upstream (today in modern
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3622:Precolonial states of Indonesia
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2538:(1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.).
1646:has visited the court of Tang.
36:needs additional citations for
2688:
2662:(inactive 12 September 2024).
2635:
2577:
2561:
2473:
2169:historical period of Indonesia
2155:; the oral tradition of local
1076:French and British interregnum
1:
2584:Bogor City: Bogor Inscription
2568:Mary Somers Heidhues (2000).
2466:
1811:, which sound similar to the
157:The territory of Tarumanagara
2486:. Troubador Publishing Ltd.
2293:Spread of Islam in Indonesia
1899:, who later established the
1672:
1620:) flourished, and heretics (
964:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
7:
2814:cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id
2615:Munoz, Paul Michel (2006).
2307:Hindu kingdoms in Indonesia
2208:
1997:
1791:on the western edge of the
1712:means water or river while
1569:. It is today known as the
1553:, photographed before 1900.
1479:in the western part of the
1470:
1428:, whose 5th-century ruler,
471:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
137:
16:Former kingdom in Indonesia
10:
3653:
2985:Former states in Indonesia
2354:Hindu temples in Indonesia
2147:Unlike its successor; the
2014:, a Buddhist pilgrim from
1975:
1906:
1897:Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa
1731:
1145:United States of Indonesia
982:Chinese Kongsi federations
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2621:. National Book Network.
2151:that still remembered in
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1994:capital of Tarumanagara.
1923:According to 7th century
1296:Javanese historical texts
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2598:Zahorka, Herwig (2007).
2461:List of monarchs of Java
1056:Dutch East India Company
697:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
2203:Tarumanagara University
2103:archaeological site in
2048:Cidanghiang inscription
1850:Kings after Purnawarman
1838:Cidanghiang inscription
1498:, and according to the
1465:Cidanghiang inscription
2330:Mataram/Medang Kingdom
2084:
2007:
1925:Kota Kapur inscription
1920:
1863:
1858:Fragment of Hindu god
1847:
1832:
1778:Geographike Hyphegesis
1775:According to the book
1745:
1685:
1580:
1554:
1107:Emergence of Indonesia
2660:10.22146/jh.v14i1.741
2510:R. Soekmono (1988) .
2226:Hinduism in Indonesia
2078:
2046:. Both Ciaruteun and
2040:Ciaruteun inscription
2005:
1914:
1857:
1842:
1826:
1739:
1680:
1608:reported in his book
1596:(elephant, which God
1584:Ciaruteun inscription
1576:
1571:Ciaruteun inscription
1547:Ciaruteun inscription
1545:
1424:, located in western
1162:Republic of Indonesia
1028:European colonization
927:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
179:Common languages
3637:History of West Java
3413:Lesser Sunda Islands
2456:History of Indonesia
2402:Indonesia portal
2262:identified as Hindus
1370:Indonesia portal
991:Heshun Confederation
907:Yogyakarta Sultanate
837:Kalinyamat Sultanate
807:Sultanate of Jailolo
777:Sultanate of Ternate
490:Tarumanagara Kingdom
45:improve this article
2937: /
2391:Hinduism portal
1962:(or shortly called
1931:, centred in today
1783:Claudius Ptolemaeus
1135:National Revolution
1125:Japanese occupation
1011:Santiaogou Republic
877:Palembang Sultanate
797:Sultanate of Tidore
667:Peureulak Sultanate
600:Dharmasraya Kingdom
246:• Invasion of
236:• Established
166:Sundapura (between
2260:Aliran Kepercayaan
2085:
2008:
1921:
1864:
1833:
1819:Age of Purnawarman
1746:
1706:Sundanese language
1686:
1555:
1422:Indianised kingdom
1214:1998–present
1115:National Awakening
945:Christian kingdoms
911:1755–present
901:1745–present
897:Surakarta Sunanate
867:Kingdom of Kaimana
821:1526–present
787:Sultanate of Bacan
707:Pagaruyung Kingdom
648:Islamic sultanates
540:Shailendra Dynasty
3632:Sundanese culture
3604:
3603:
3291:
3290:
3146:
3145:
2941:6.333°S 106.900°E
2847:978-981-4519-06-9
2650:(in Indonesian).
2554:978-0-8248-0368-1
2493:978-1-78462-151-3
2436:
2435:
2255:Javanese Hinduism
2250:Balinese Hinduism
2054:, which rever to
1724:is local name of
1704:of West Java. In
1657:(simply known as
1559:Dutch East Indies
1404:
1403:
1218:
1217:
1170:Liberal democracy
1153:
1152:
1098:
1097:
1086:Dutch East Indies
1019:
1018:
972:
971:
954:Larantuka Kingdom
935:
934:
847:Mataram Sultanate
747:Cirebon Sultanate
727:Malacca Sultanate
687:Ternate Sultanate
638:
637:
620:Singhasari Empire
614:1000s–1300s
580:Kahuripan Kingdom
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460:
347:
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295:
294:
121:
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3441:Solor Watan Lema
3325:Lanfang Republic
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2740:The Jakarta Post
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2448:Indonesia portal
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2387:
2325:Kalingga Kingdom
2283:Indian Influence
2236:
2213:
2212:
2180:surrounding area
2035:Rajadhiraja Guru
2031:Tugu inscription
1991:Tugu inscription
1960:Pakuan Pajajaran
1587:
1500:Tugu inscription
1453:Tugu inscription
1396:
1389:
1382:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1180:Guided Democracy
1166:
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1111:
1110:
1032:
1031:
1001:Lanfang Republic
987:
986:
950:
949:
871:1600s–1926
861:1528s–1877
827:Banjar Sultanate
817:Banten Sultanate
801:1500s–1967
717:Brunei Sultanate
653:
652:
630:Majapahit Empire
530:Srivijaya Empire
510:Kalingga Kingdom
476:
475:
443:Toba catastrophe
426:94,000–12,000 BP
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3128:Sumedang Larang
3086:
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2983:
2946:-6.333; 106.900
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1978:
1909:
1852:
1821:
1734:
1675:
1649:The history of
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1517:Greater Jakarta
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1194:1966–1967
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1129:1942–1945
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931:1824–1911
921:1814–1946
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881:1659–1823
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851:1586–1755
841:1527–1599
831:1526–1863
811:1496–1903
791:1515–1946
781:1486–1914
771:1496–1903
761:1475–1554
757:Demak Sultanate
751:1445–1677
741:1405–1851
731:1400–1511
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691:1257–1914
681:1225–1613
657:Spread of Islam
650:
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639:
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550:Mataram Kingdom
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127:State of Taruma
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3160:Hindu/Buddhist
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2867:Pikiran Rakyat
2853:
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2787:978-9794074084
2786:
2753:
2742:. 8 April 2019
2727:
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2536:Coedès, George
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2129:votive tablets
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1974:
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1905:
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1733:
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1674:
1671:
1638:The annals of
1631:, the king of
1575:
1567:Cisadane River
1535:
1534:Historiography
1532:
1472:
1469:
1411:Taruma Kingdom
1402:
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917:Deli Sultanate
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887:Siak Sultanate
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767:Aceh Sultanate
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737:Sulu Sultanate
733:
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610:Pannai Kingdom
606:
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590:Kediri Kingdom
586:
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574:932–1579
572:
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564:914–1908
562:
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554:716–1016
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520:Melayu Kingdom
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172:Bekasi Regency
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60:"Tarumanagara"
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2320:Sunda Kingdom
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2215:
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2206:
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2199:
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2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2149:Sunda kingdom
2140:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2111:(temples) or
2110:
2106:
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2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
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2053:
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2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1913:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1893:Galuh Kingdom
1889:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1830:
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1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1702:Citarum River
1699:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1682:Citarum river
1679:
1670:
1668:
1667:pseudohistory
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:Sunda kingdom
1647:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
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1505:
1501:
1497:
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1482:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1461:North Jakarta
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1417:was an early
1416:
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1128:
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1123:
1122:
1118:
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1104:
1103:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
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1074:
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1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
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1047:
1044:
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1037:
1034:
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1024:
1014:
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989:
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983:
978:
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946:
941:
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930:
928:
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815:
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790:
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664:
660:
658:
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649:
644:
643:
633:
631:
628:
627:
623:
621:
618:
617:
613:
611:
608:
607:
603:
601:
598:
597:
593:
591:
588:
587:
583:
581:
578:
577:
573:
571:
570:Sunda Kingdom
568:
567:
563:
561:
558:
557:
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
541:
538:
537:
533:
531:
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518:
517:
513:
511:
508:
507:
503:
501:
498:
497:
493:
491:
488:
487:
483:
481:
480:Kutai Kingdom
478:
477:
472:
467:
466:
456:
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451:
450:
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440:
437:
435:
434:
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384:
381:
380:
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372:
371:
368:
362:
361:
356:
351:
350:
343:
340:
338:Today part of
336:
320:
318:
317:Galuh Kingdom
315:
314:
306:
304:
303:Sunda Kingdom
301:
300:
297:
291:
288:
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:
243:
239:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:
209:Sunda Wiwitan
206:
202:
198:
195:
191:
188:
184:
183:Old Sundanese
181:
177:
173:
169:
168:North Jakarta
165:
161:
154:
149:
144:
139:
124:
115:
112:
104:
101:November 2012
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
3617:Tarumanagara
3541:South Maluku
3082:Tarumanagara
3081:
2922:
2911:Bibliography
2896:. Retrieved
2892:
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2866:
2856:
2836:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2813:
2804:
2777:
2744:. Retrieved
2739:
2730:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2699:
2690:
2676:cite journal
2654:(1): 20–26.
2651:
2647:
2637:
2617:
2610:
2600:
2579:
2569:
2563:
2540:
2514:
2511:
2482:
2475:
2315:Tarumanagara
2314:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2188:Chandrabhaga
2187:
2184:Chandrabhaga
2183:
2173:
2153:Pantun Sunda
2146:
2139:suzerainty.
2133:
2125:bodhissatvas
2121:clay tablets
2117:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2055:
2051:
2034:
2025:
2009:
1979:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1944:Cipakancilan
1941:
1936:
1922:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1843:
1834:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1754:Buni culture
1750:clay pottery
1747:
1726:indigo plant
1721:
1713:
1709:
1697:
1693:
1690:Tarumanagara
1689:
1687:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1643:
1640:Tang dynasty
1637:
1632:
1626:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1556:
1537:
1523:
1521:
1504:Cakung River
1493:
1489:Sunda Strait
1474:
1434:
1414:
1410:
1407:Tarumanagara
1406:
1405:
1352:
1311:Christianity
560:Bali Kingdom
489:
453:Buni culture
431:
416:1,000,000 BP
400:
290:Buni culture
272:Succeeded by
271:
266:
138:Tarumanagara
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
3549: [
3532: [
3529:Negeri Soya
3515: [
3355:Tanjungpura
3335:Negara Daha
3330:Negara Dipa
3268:Riau-Lingga
3167:Dharmasraya
2944: /
2893:untar.ac.id
1803:. The name
1629:Sui dynasty
1481:archipelago
1443:. They are
1430:Purnawarman
1276:Archaeology
1271:Agriculture
677:Aru Kingdom
402:Paleolithic
364:History of
267:Preceded by
146:ca. 358–669
3611:Categories
3546:Tanah Hitu
3451:West Timor
3297:Kalimantan
3263:Pagaruyung
3138:Yogyakarta
3113:Kalinyamat
3067:Singhasari
3062:Shailendra
3007:Blambangan
2898:26 October
2873:26 October
2746:26 October
2467:References
2335:Singhasari
2243:Variations
2057:Trivikrama
2016:Tang China
1983:rhino horn
1937:Bhumi Jawa
1770:Indianised
1760:, east of
1740:Statue of
1610:Fo-kuo-chi
1551:Buitenzorg
1528:Indonesian
1449:Kebon Kopi
1333:Mass media
1210:Reform era
1190:Transition
1036:Portuguese
422:Flores Man
392:Prehistory
215:Government
71:newspapers
3431:Larantuka
3340:Pontianak
3258:Palembang
3202:Srivijaya
3192:Samaskuta
3133:Surakarta
3072:Srivijaya
3042:Majapahit
3027:Kahuripan
2796:318053182
2668:2302-9269
2648:Humaniora
2340:Majapahit
2192:Bhagasasi
2157:Sundanese
2137:Srivijaya
2052:vikkranta
1969:Pajajaran
1933:Palembang
1929:Srivijaya
1903:kingdom.
1901:Srivijaya
1797:Yawadwipa
1688:The name
1673:Etymology
1659:Nusantara
1557:In 1863,
1457:Cilincing
1445:Ciaruteun
1419:Sundanese
1291:Education
1200:New Order
968:1670–1950
958:1515–1904
544:600s–900s
534:600s–1025
524:600s–1347
514:500s–600s
504:400s-500s
494:400s–500s
447:75,000 BP
433:Neolithic
366:Indonesia
342:Indonesia
248:Sriwijaya
193:Religion
3596:Salawati
3469:Amanuban
3464:Amanatun
3365:Sulawesi
3315:Bulungan
3197:Sanfotsi
3032:Kalingga
3022:Janggala
2932:106°54′E
2819:2 August
2515:, 2nd ed
2393:•
2218:a series
2216:Part of
2209:See also
2178:and its
2165:Kalingga
2105:Karawang
2101:Batujaya
2088:Buddhism
2081:Batujaya
2050:mention
2027:Hinduism
1998:Religion
1917:Batujaya
1876:Sanskrit
1793:Iabadiou
1766:Batujaya
1698:To-lo-mo
1694:To-lo-ma
1644:To-lo-mo
1633:To-lo-mo
1622:animists
1618:Hinduism
1614:Ye-po-ti
1594:Airavata
1524:prasasti
1512:Brahmins
1477:Hinduism
1471:Location
1413:or just
1338:Military
1316:Hinduism
1306:Buddhism
1301:Religion
1281:Currency
1264:By topic
484:350–1605
412:Java Man
383:Timeline
355:a series
353:Part of
218:Monarchy
201:Buddhism
197:Hinduism
187:Sanskrit
3591:Kaimana
3568:Jailolo
3558:Ternate
3512:Huamual
3507:Honimoa
3474:Amarasi
3398:Banggai
3350:Sarawak
3278:Serdang
3253:Malacca
3248:Langkat
3211:Islamic
3172:Kantoli
3152:Sumatra
3118:Mataram
3103:Cirebon
3091:Islamic
3057:Sanjaya
3047:Mataram
2021:animism
1976:Economy
1956:Jakarta
1907:Decline
1829:Jakarta
1762:Jakarta
1732:History
1720:plant.
1663:Cirebon
1624:) too.
1606:Fa Xian
1496:Jakarta
1485:Jakarta
1441:Jakarta
1326:Judaism
1286:Economy
1251:Bandung
1236:Jakarta
1228:Regions
1066:British
1046:Spanish
500:Kantoli
457:400 BCE
240:ca. 358
223:History
205:Animism
163:Capital
132:ᮒᮛᮥᮙᮔᮌᮛ
85:scholar
3563:Tidore
3524:Loloda
3494:Maluku
3484:Wehali
3479:Sonbai
3436:Mengwi
3345:Sambas
3310:Brunei
3305:Banjar
3228:Asahan
3187:Pannai
3177:Malayu
3123:Pajang
3098:Banten
3052:Rajasa
3037:Kediri
3017:Ishana
2929:6°20′S
2844:
2794:
2784:
2706:3 June
2666:
2625:
2551:
2490:
2362:Candis
2196:Bekasi
2176:Bekasi
2143:Legacy
2113:stupas
2083:stupa.
2062:Vamana
2044:Vishnu
2012:Faxian
1964:Pakuan
1952:Banten
1881:varman
1872:warman
1860:Vishnu
1805:argyre
1788:Argyre
1758:Bekasi
1718:indigo
1716:means
1519:area.
1510:, and
1508:Vishnu
1463:; and
1415:Taruma
357:on the
226:
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
3583:Papua
3573:Bacan
3553:]
3536:]
3519:]
3459:Amabi
3383:Buton
3320:Kutai
3243:Johor
3238:Jambi
3182:Mauli
3108:Demak
3077:Sunda
3012:Galuh
2545:(PDF)
2161:Kutai
2109:Candi
2097:hunur
2070:Surya
2066:Indra
1987:ivory
1948:Bogor
1813:Merak
1809:perak
1722:Tarum
1714:tarum
1598:Indra
1563:Bogor
1455:near
1437:Bogor
1348:Women
1343:Sport
1321:Islam
1246:Bogor
92:JSTOR
78:books
3426:Bima
3421:Bali
3403:Suai
3393:Wajo
3388:Luwu
3378:Bone
3373:Gowa
3283:Siak
3233:Deli
3218:Aceh
2992:Java
2900:2020
2875:2020
2842:ISBN
2821:2020
2792:OCLC
2782:ISBN
2748:2020
2708:2018
2682:link
2664:ISSN
2623:ISBN
2549:ISBN
2488:ISBN
2372:Kuil
2367:Pura
2163:and
2093:unur
2068:and
1954:and
1801:Java
1742:Kali
1439:and
1426:Java
1241:Bali
170:and
64:news
3502:Iha
3223:Aru
2656:doi
2095:or
1966:or
1696:or
1526:in
1459:in
1409:or
253:669
47:by
3613::
3551:id
3534:id
3517:id
2891:.
2865:.
2812:.
2790:.
2756:^
2738:.
2698:.
2678:}}
2674:{{
2652:14
2646:.
2590:^
2523:^
2502:^
2220:on
2198:.
2171:.
2115:.
1985:,
1927:,
1878::
1710:ci
1708:,
1669:.
1447:,
207:,
203:,
199:,
185:,
2978:e
2971:t
2964:v
2902:.
2877:.
2850:.
2823:.
2798:.
2750:.
2710:.
2684:)
2670:.
2658::
2631:.
2574:.
2557:.
2496:.
2427:e
2420:t
2413:v
1874:(
1831:.
1586:.
1395:e
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1381:v
174:)
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
