Portuguese Empire - Knowledge

5175: 5594: 4234: 4591: 14507: 3779: 3921: 5606: 3829: 3848: 6335: 3554: 3081: 5046: 6375: 4354: 3606: 6319: 5083: 82: 3725: 12414: 5403: 6117: 5508: 6418: 66: 5921: 6395: 5272: 4017: 4968: 5129: 3933: 5563:, leaders proposed a society without slavery, food prices would be lowered, and trade restriction abolished. Impoverished social conditions and a high cost of living were among reasons of the revolt. Authorities diffused the plot before major action began; they executed four of the conspirators and exiled several others to the Atlantic Coast of Africa. Several more smaller-scale slave rebellions and revolts would occur from 1801 and 1816 and fears within Brazil were that these events would lead to a 4673: 1015: 5700: 5292: 3588:. While following the same south-westerly route as Gama across the Atlantic Ocean, Cabral made landfall on the Brazilian coast. This was probably an accidental discovery, but it has been speculated that the Portuguese secretly knew of Brazil's existence and that it lay on their side of the Tordesillas line. Cabral recommended to the Portuguese King that the land be settled, and two follow up voyages were sent in 1501 and 1503. The land was found to be abundant in 3864: 3275: 3167: 3454:, stone crosses engraved with the Portuguese coat of arms marking their claims, and built forts and trading posts. From these bases, they engaged profitably in the slave and gold trades. Portugal enjoyed a virtual monopoly on the African seaborne slave trade for over a century, importing around 800 slaves annually. Most were brought to the Portuguese capital Lisbon, where it is estimated black Africans came to constitute 10 percent of the population. 1444: 15088: 3463: 4098: 3413: 5284:

Madeira, and the Azores. All correspondence concerning overseas possessions were funneled through the council. When the Portuguese court fled to Brazil in 1807, following the Napoleonic invasion of Iberia, Brazil was removed from the jurisdiction of the council. It made recommendations concerning personnel for the administrative, fiscal, and military, as well as bishops of overseas dioceses. A distinguished seventeenth-century member was

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Pombal, and he made provisions to improve each. Although he failed to spike the gold revenue, two short-term companies he established for the plantation economy drove a significant increase in production of cotton, rice, cacao, tobacco, and sugar. Slave labor increased as well as involvement from the textile economy. The economic development as a whole was inspired by elements of the

5830:, in northern Mozambique, the territory having been subjugated by Germany. In 1916, after Portugal interned German ships in Lisbon, Germany declared war on Portugal. Portugal followed suit, thus entering World War I. Early in the war, Portugal was involved mainly in supplying the Allies positioned in France. In 1916, there was only one attack on the Portuguese territory, in 5745: 5434:", with a large influx of migrants. The village became the new economic center of the empire, with rapid settlement and some conflicts. This gold cycle led to the creation of an internal market and attracted a large number of immigrants. By 1739, at the apex of the mining boom, the population of Minas Gerais was somewhere between 200,000 and 250,000. 6181:, which when combined total 10,742,000 km, or 7.2% of the Earth's landmass (148 939 063 km). As at 2023, there are 32 associate observers of the CPLP, reflecting the global reach and influence of Portugal's former empire. Moreover, twelve candidate countries or regions have applied for membership to the CPLP and are awaiting approval. 5159:– 8 February 1611), formerly the Dutch secretary of the Archbishop of Goa, had acquired information while serving in that position that contained the location of secret Portuguese trade routes throughout Asia, including those to the East Indies and Japan. It was published in 1595 and then greatly expanded the next year as his 5972:. The existence of the remaining Portuguese colonies in India became increasingly untenable and Nehru enjoyed the support of almost all the Indian domestic political parties as well as the Soviet Union and its allies. In 1961, shortly after an uprising against the Portuguese in Angola, Nehru ordered the Indian Army into 6000:

According to one historian, Portuguese rulers were unwilling to meet the demands of their colonial subjects (unlike other European powers) in part because Portuguese elites believed that "Portugal lacked the means to conduct a successful "exit strategy" (akin to the "neocolonial" approach followed by

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The outbreak of violence in February 1961 in Angola was the beginning of the end of Portugal's empire in Africa. Portuguese army officers in Angola held the view that it would be incapable of dealing militarily with an outbreak of guerilla warfare and therefore that negotiations should begin with the

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In spite of the conspiracies, the rule of Portugal in Brazil was not under serious threat. Historian A. R. Disney states that the colonists did not until the transferring of the Kingdom in 1808 assert influence of policy changing due to direct contact, and historian Gabriel Paquette mentions that the

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had success against Bahadur, the latter signed another treaty with the Portuguese to confirm the provisions and allowed the fort to be built in Diu. Shortly afterward, Humayun turned his attention elsewhere, and the Gujarats allied with the Ottomans to regain control of Diu and lay siege to the fort.

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was to build settlements, grant allotments and administer justice, being responsible for developing and taking the costs of colonization, although not being the owner: he could transmit it to offspring, but not sell it. Twelve recipients came from Portuguese gentry who become prominent in Africa and

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incited poor relations with China due to his pirate activities, raiding Chinese shipping, attacking a Chinese official, and kidnappings of Chinese. He based himself at Tamao island in a fort. The Chinese claimed that Simão kidnapped Chinese boys and girls to be molested and cannibalized. The Chinese

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The completion of these negotiations with Spain is one of several reasons proposed by historians for why it took nine years for the Portuguese to follow up on Dias's voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, though it has also been speculated that other voyages were in fact taking place in secret during this

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Throughout 1917 Portugal dispatched contingents of troops to the Allied front in France. Midway in the year, Portugal suffered its first World War I casualty. In Portuguese Africa, Portugal and the British fought numerous battles against the Germans in both Mozambique and Angola. Later in the year,

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Gold discovered in Mato Grosso and Goiás sparked an interest to solidify the western borders of the colony. In the 1730s contact with Spanish outposts occurred more frequently, and the Spanish threatened to launch a military expedition in order to remove them. This failed to happen and by the 1750s

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began. Even before the war's final resolution, the crown established the Overseas Council, conceived in 1642 on the short-lived model of the Council of India (1604–1614), and established in 1643, it was the governing body for most of the Portuguese overseas empire. The exceptions were North Africa,

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was discovered by Vasco da Gama. In contrast to Almeida, Albuquerque was more concerned with strengthening the navy, as well as being more compliant with the interests of the kingdom. His first objective was to conquer Goa, due to its strategic location as a defensive fort positioned between Kerala

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Soon its ships were bringing into the European market highly valued gold, ivory, pepper, cotton, sugar, and slaves. The slave trade, for example, was conducted by a few dozen merchants in Lisbon. In the process of expanding the trade routes, Portuguese navigators mapped unknown parts of Africa, and

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The Tordesillas boundary between Spanish and Portuguese control in South America was then increasingly ignored by the Portuguese, who pressed beyond it into the heart of Brazil, allowing them to expand the territory to the west. Exploratory missions were carried out both ordered by the government,

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was discovered by Cunha whilst possibly being accompanied by Albuquerque. After the capture of Socotra, Cunha and Albuquerque operated separately. While Cunha traveled India and Portugal for trading purposes, Albuquerque went to India to take over as governor after Almeida's three-year term ended.

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Today, Portuguese is one of the world's major languages, ranked sixth overall with approximately 240 million speakers around the globe. It is the third most spoken language in the Americas, mainly due to Brazil, although there are also significant communities of Lusophones in nations such as

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within the 'Minas' group had a reputation to have been experts in extrapolating gold in their native regions, and became the preferred group. In spite of the high death rate associated with the slaves involved in the mining industry, the owners that allowed slaves that extracted above the minimum

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created in the latter. The crown also restricted the diamond mining within its jurisdiction and to private contractors. In spite of gold galvanizing global trade, the plantation industry became the leading export for Brazil during this period; sugar constituted at 50% of the exports (with gold at

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harbour among other reasons. In the same year, Manuel I ordered Almeida to fortify the Portuguese fortresses in Kerala and within eastern Africa, as well as probe into the prospects of building forts in Sri Lanka and Malacca in response to growing hostilities with Muslims within those regions and

2867:. With its smaller population, Portugal found itself unable to effectively defend its overstretched network of trading posts, and the empire began a long and gradual decline. Eventually, Brazil became the most valuable colony of the second era of empire (1663–1825), until, as part of the wave of 5539:

population by encouraging intermarriage between them and the white population. Indigenous freedom decreased in contrast to its period under the Jesuits, and the response to intermarriage was lukewarm at best. The crown's revenue from gold declined and plantation revenue increased by the time of

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intercontinental trade had a substantial and increasingly positive impact on economic growth. In the heyday of colonial expansion, eliminating the economic links to empire would have reduced Portugal's per capita income by roughly a fifth. While the empire helped the domestic economy it was not

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to return the enclaves, viewing them as integral parts of Portugal. The following year, the Portuguese constitution was amended to change the status of the colonies to overseas provinces. In 1954, a local uprising resulted in the overthrow of the Portuguese authorities in the Indian enclave of

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The Tamoio had been allied with the French since the settlement of France Antarctique, and despite the French loss in 1560, the Tamoio were still a threat. They launched two attacks in 1561 and 1564 (the latter event was assisting the French), and were nearly successful with each. By this time

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sent a squadron of junks against Portuguese caravels that succeeded in driving the Portuguese away and reclaiming Tamao. As a result, the Chinese posted an edict banning men with Caucasian features from entering Canton, killing multiple Portuguese there, and driving the Portuguese back to sea.

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to South-east Asia, seeking an agreement with the Sultan of Malacca, and Jorge de Aguiar followed by Duarte de Lemos were sent to the area between the Cape of Good Hope and Gujarat. However, such posts were centralized by Afonso de Albuquerque after his succession and remained so in subsequent

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interfered with the process with denunciations, and later sent a Kongo mission to Ndongo after the latter had arrested the Portuguese mission that came. The growing official and unofficial slave trading with Ndongo strained relations between Kongo and the Portuguese, and even had Portuguese

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was a military success, and marked one of the first steps in Portuguese expansion beyond the Iberian Peninsula, but it proved costly to defend against the Muslim forces that soon besieged it. The Portuguese were unable to use it as a base for further expansion into the hinterland, and the

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Spanish imperial trade networks now were opened to Portuguese merchants, which was particularly lucrative for Portuguese slave traders who could now sell slaves in Spanish America at a higher price than could be fetched in Brazil. In addition to this newly acquired access to the Spanish

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was also incorporated into the Macau-Nagasaki trading network, allowing Macanese of Portuguese descent to act as trading agents for Philippine Spaniards and use Spanish silver from the Americas in trade with China, and they later drew competition with the Dutch East India Company.

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the British, the French, or the Belgians)" and in part due to the lack of "a free and open debate on the costs of upholding an empire against the anti-colonial consensus that had prevailed in the United Nations since the early 1960s". The rise of Soviet influence among the

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Free from threats to its existence and unchallenged by the wars fought by other European states, Portuguese attention turned overseas and towards a military expedition to the Muslim lands of North Africa. There were several probable motives for their first attack, on the

6100:, the Portuguese transfer to China was met with less resistance than that of Britain regarding Hong Kong, as Portugal had already recognized Macau as Chinese territory under Portuguese administration in 1979. Under the transfer agreement, Macau is to be governed under a 5723:

and all but a few bases in Asia. During this phase, Portuguese colonialism focused on expanding its outposts in Africa into nation-sized territories to compete with other European powers there. Portugal pressed into the hinterland of Angola and Mozambique, and explorers

5855:. As autumn approached, Germany found success in both Portuguese Africa and against Portuguese vessels, sinking multiple ships. After nearly three years of fighting (from a Portuguese perspective), World War I ended, with an armistice being signed by Germany. At the 4728:

to serve as a base for cod fishing. Pressure from natives and competing European fisheries prevented a permanent establishment and it was abandoned five years later. Several attempts to establish settlements in Newfoundland over the next half-century also failed.

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in 1576 and soon became a slave port. De Novais' subsequent alliance with Ndongo angered Luso-Africans who resented the influence from the Crown. In 1579, Ndongo ruler Ngola Kiluanje kia Ndamdi massacred Portuguese and Kongolese residents in the Ndongo capital

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In 1914, the German Empire formulated plans to usurp Angola from Portuguese control. Skirmishes between Portuguese and German soldiers ensued, resulting in reinforcements being sent from the mainland. The main objective of these soldiers was to recapture the

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and never returned to Brazil. The French attacks did cease to an extent after retaliation led to the Portuguese paying the French to stop attacking Portuguese ships throughout the Atlantic, but the attacks would continue to be a problem well into the 1560s.

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also created instabilities among Portuguese overseas populations, as the United States and Soviet Union vied to increase their spheres of influence. Following the granting of independence to India by Britain in 1947, and the decision by France to allow its

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After the Sultan of Bintan detained several Portuguese under Tomás Pires, the Chinese then executed 23 Portuguese and threw the rest into prison where they resided in squalid, sometimes fatal conditions. The Chinese then massacred Portuguese who resided at

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led by Rodrigo de Lima in 1520. This coincided with the Portuguese search for Prester John, as they soon associated the kingdom as his land. The fear of Turkish advances within the Portuguese and Ethiopian sectors also played a role in their alliance. The

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along the coasts of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. This commercial network and the colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth (1500–1800) when it accounted for about a fifth of Portugal's per-capita income.

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Jorge Alvares was the first European to reach China by sea, while the Romans were the first overland via Asia Minor. He was also the first European to discover Hong Kong. In 1514, Afonso de Albuquerque, the Viceroy of the Estado da India, dispatched

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by this period. However, they soon began to shield Chinese junks and a cautious trade began. In 1557 the Chinese authorities allowed the Portuguese to settle in Macau, creating a warehouse in the trade of goods between China, Japan, Goa and Europe.

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and formally annexed the following year. Salazar refused to recognize the transfer of sovereignty, believing the territories to be merely occupied. The Province of Goa continued to be represented in the Portuguese National Assembly until 1974.

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independence movements. However, Salazar publicly stated his determination to keep the empire intact, and by the end of the year, 50,000 troops had been stationed there. The same year, the tiny Portuguese fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá in

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made its way to India, exploring trade opportunities with the Indians and Arabs, and winding up finally in Ethiopia. His detailed report was eagerly read in Lisbon, which became the best-informed center for global geography and trade routes.

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Guarding its trade from both European and Asian competitors, Portugal dominated not only the trade between Asia and Europe, but also much of the trade between different regions of Asia and Africa, such as India, Indonesia, China, and Japan.

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warrior-slaves, these men acted as feudal-like lords, either levying tax from local chieftains, defending them and their estates from marauding tribes, participating in the ivory or slave trade, and becoming involved in the politics of the

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entered Portuguese waters again and once more attacked Madeira, sinking multiple Portuguese ships. Through the beginning of 1918, Portugal continued to fight along the Allied front against Germany, including participation in the infamous

6318: 5377:, Goa. They belonged to the noble Pinto clan, hence the name of the rebellion. This was fought due to the Portuguese refusing to create bishops and other officials from the colonies and demanded equality. The family was one of the first 3329:, the accessibility of Madeira attracted Genoese and Flemish traders keen to bypass Venetian monopolies. Slaves were used, and the proportion of imported slaves in Madeira reached 10% of the total population by the 16th century. By 1480 3986:(as it was recaptured on her feast day), and attempted to build rapport with the Hindus by protecting their temples and reducing their tax requirements. The Portuguese maintained friendly relations with the south Indian Emperors of the 3594:, or brazilwood, from which it later inherited its name, but the failure to find gold or silver meant that for the time being Portuguese efforts were concentrated on India. In 1502, to enforce its trade monopoly over a wide area of the 5347:

and several minor bases in India, and managed to regain territories in Brazil and Africa, but lost forever to prominence in Asia as trade was diverted through increasing numbers of English, Dutch and French trading posts. In 1787, in

5454:(immigrants from Portugal and other regions in Brazil), so a whole set of bureaucratic controls began in 1710 with the captaincy of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. By 1718, São Paulo and Minas Gerais became two captaincies, with eight 6138:

Macau was returned to China on 20 December 1999, under the terms of an agreement negotiated between People's Republic of China and Portugal twelve years earlier. Nevertheless, the Portuguese language remains co-official with

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had some seventy ships engaged in the Madeira sugar trade, with the refining and distribution concentrated in Antwerp. By the 1490s Madeira had overtaken Cyprus as a producer of sugar. The success of sugar merchants such as

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Upon de Sousa's arrival and success, fifteen latitudinal tracts, theoretically to span from the coast to the Tordesillas limit, were decreed by João III on 28 September 1532. The plot of the lands formed as a hereditary

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put an end to Ottoman ambitions, confirming the Portuguese hegemony in the region, as well as gaining superiority over the Mughals. However, the Ottomans fought off attacks from the Portuguese in the Red Sea and in the

3828: 2855:, although the realms continued to have separate administrations. As the King of Spain was also King of Portugal, Portuguese colonies became the subject of attacks by three rival European powers hostile to Spain: the 6056:

promptly broke out, with incoming communist governments formed by the former rebels (and backed by the Soviet Union, Cuba, and other communist countries) fighting against insurgent groups supported by nations like

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to England as part of a dowry, and over the next hundred years the English gradually became the dominant trader in India, gradually excluding the trade of other powers. In 1668 Spain recognized the end of the

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in the mid-15th century, a ship that could be sailed closer to the wind than any other in operation in Europe at the time. Using this new maritime technology, Portuguese navigators reached ever more southerly

5640:), and the capital was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, the only instance of a European country being ruled from one of its colonies. There was also the election of Brazilian representatives to the 4919:, took part as members of attacks on the Tamoios and as spies for their resources. From 1565 through 1567 Mem de Sá and his forces eventually destroyed France Antarctique at Guanabara Bay. He and his nephew, 4824:. The rise of the sugar industry came about because the Crown took the easiest sources of profit (brazilwood, spices, etc.), leaving settlers to come up with new revenue sources. The establishment of the 5445:

The gold rush considerably increased the revenue of the Portuguese crown, who charged a fifth of all the ore mined, or the "fifth". Diversion and smuggling were frequent, along with altercations between

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against Islam; to the military class, it promised glory on the battlefield and the spoils of war; and finally, it was also a chance to expand Portuguese trade and to address Portugal's economic decline.

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in 1567, after Mem de Sá proclaimed the area "São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro" in 1565. By 1575, the Tamoios had been subdued and essentially were extinct, and by 1580 the government became more of an

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Along with Almeida's initial attempts, Manuel I and his council in Lisbon had tried to distribute power in the Indian Ocean, creating three areas of jurisdiction: Albuquerque was sent to the Red Sea,

6025:) – was to end the wars and negotiate Portuguese withdrawal from its African colonies. These events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens from Portugal's African territories (mostly from 6374: 4413:. In a shifting series of alliances, the Portuguese dominated much of the southern Persian Gulf for the next hundred years. With the regular maritime route linking Lisbon to Goa since 1497, the 4197:

Despite initial harmony and excitement between the two cultures, difficulties began to arise shortly afterwards, including misunderstanding, bigotry, and even hostility. The Portuguese explorer

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in 1999. The empire began in the 15th century, and from the early 16th century it stretched across the globe, with bases in Africa, North America, South America, and various regions of Asia and

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system ineffective, João III decided to centralize the government of the colony in order to "give help and assistance" to grantees. In 1548 he created the first General Government, sending in

5042:". These expeditions lasted for years venturing into unmapped regions, initially to capture natives and force them into slavery, and later focusing on finding gold, silver and diamond mines. 4005:

traded there. Albuquerque targeted Malacca to impede the Muslim and Venetian influence in the spice trade and increase that of Lisbon. By July 1511, Albuquerque had captured Malacca and sent

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the Church of England was a " state church " in the colonies the way it indisputably was in England, and as the Roman Catholic Church was in the neighboring Spanish and Portuguese empires.

3239:, Henry's brother and by then regent of the Kingdom, granted him the monopoly of navigation, war and trade in the lands south of Cape Bojador. Later this monopoly would be enforced by the 9760: 5756:, was the main objective of Portuguese policy in the 1880s. However, the idea was unacceptable to the British, who had their own aspirations of contiguous British territory running from 3147:

on the African coast. Henry wished to know how far the Muslim territories in Africa extended, and whether it was possible to reach Asia by sea, both to reach the source of the lucrative

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attacked and conquered regions of Kongo in 1568, Portuguese assisted Kongo in their defeat. In response, the Kongo allowed the colonization of Luanda Island; Luanda was established by

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Although Ceuta proved to be a disappointment for the Portuguese, the decision was taken to hold it while exploring along the Atlantic African coast. A key supporter of this policy was

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Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince-regent

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under the influence of Portuguese renegades. Both the Portuguese and Kongo fought against Ndongo, and off-and-on warfare between the Ndongo and Portugal would persist for decades.

3940:("State of India"), with its capital in Goa, included possessions (as subjected areas with a certain degree of autonomy) in all the Asian sub-continents, East Africa, and Pacific. 3572:

left Portugal in 1497, rounded the Cape and continued along the coast of East Africa, where a local pilot was brought on board who guided them across the Indian Ocean, reaching

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and the north Atlantic coast of Canada, which accounts for the appearance of "Labrador" on topographical maps of the period. Subsequently, in 1500–1501 and 1502, the brothers

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in 1541, and in the northern region of the Persian Gulf in 1546 and 1552. Each entity ultimately had to respect the sphere of influence of the other, albeit unofficially.

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in order to ensure the protection of this trade, which was held again as a royal monopoly. The equator was crossed by navigators sponsored by Fernão Gomes in 1473 and the

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were captured. During these battles the Ming Chinese captured weapons from the defeated Portuguese which they then reverse engineered and mass-produced in China such as

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threats in Brazil were largely unrealized in Portugal until 1808 because of effective policing and espionage. More revolts would occur after the arrival of the court.

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According to economic historians, Portugal's colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth, 1500–1800. Leonor Costa et al. conclude:

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trading posts in 1545 and 1549, due to extensive and damaging raids by the Portuguese along the coast, which irritated the Chinese. Portuguese pirating was second to

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with Portuguese soldiers and muskets. Though the Ottomans responded with support of soldiers and muskets to the Adal Sultanate, after the death of the Adali sultan

17715: 6009:(1961–1974), in which Portugal resisted to the emerging nationalist guerrilla movements in some of its African territories, eventually led to the collapse of the 5279:

The loss of colonies was one of the reasons that contributed to the end of the personal union with Spain. In 1640 John IV was proclaimed King of Portugal and the

4277:. With the Portuguese already established in nearby Ternate, conflict was inevitable, leading to nearly a decade of skirmishes. A resolution was reached with the 4001:, the largest spice market of the period. Though the trade was largely dominated by the Gujarati, other groups such as the Turks, Persians, Armenians, Tamils and 3100:, a strategically located North African Muslim enclave along the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the terminal ports of the trans-Saharan gold and slave trades. The 6471: 1499: 9802: 5535:, which led to the dissolution of the order in the region by 1759. Pombal wished to improve the status of the natives by declaring them free and increasing the 5527:, which reported directly to the Crown in Lisbon. The 18th century was marked by increasing centralization of royal power throughout the Portuguese empire. The 17725: 6260: 5559:, was hanged. Among the conspiracies led by the African population was the Bahian revolt in 1798, led primarily by João de Deus do Nascimento. Inspired by the 3716:

came to the attention of Portuguese officials soon after for their resistance to missionary activities as well as logistical reasons due to its proximity with

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in Lisbon seeing to his interests. Philip even had the capital moved to Lisbon for a two-year period (1581–83) due to it being the most important city in the

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policy, in which it will retain a high degree of autonomy and maintain its capitalist way of life for at least 50 years after the handover, until 2049. The

5121:(nearly half the size of English Treasury at the time). This foretaste of the riches of the East galvanized English interest in the region. That same year, 14357: 12155: 2796:

the coast of Africa and the Atlantic archipelagos in 1418–1419, using recent developments in navigation, cartography, and maritime technology such as the

17720: 14987: 14699: 6461: 5633: 5588: 5632:, ordered the transfer of the royal court to Brazil. In 1815 Brazil was elevated to the status of Kingdom, the Portuguese state officially becoming the 4567:

In east-Africa, the main agents acting on behalf of the Portuguese Crown, exploring and settling the territory of what would become Mozambique were the

14734: 3254:(1455), granting Portugal the trade monopoly for the newly discovered lands. A major advance that accelerated this project was the introduction of the 1492: 1139: 5795:. Two years later, on October 5, 1910, he was overthrown and fled into exile in England in Fulwell Park, Twickenham near London and Portugal became a 5014:. At Tomar, Philip promised to keep the empires legally distinct, leaving the administration of the Portuguese Empire to Portuguese nationals, with a 2204: 7612: 5490:

killed between 40,000 and 60,000 people out of a population of 275,000. This sharply checked Portuguese colonial ambitions in the late 18th century.

81: 4712:, and Greenland, claiming these lands for Portugal. In 1506, King Manuel I created taxes for the cod fisheries in Newfoundland waters. Around 1521, 17675: 14667: 9083: 3353:. Gomes, who had to explore 100 miles (160 km) of the coast each year for five years, discovered the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, including 2142: 2107: 1997: 1857: 5079:, leading Philip II to prohibit commerce with Dutch ships, including in Brazil where Dutch had invested large sums in financing sugar production. 4198: 3790:

Although requested by Manuel I to further explore interests in Malacca and Sri Lanka, Almeida instead focused on western India, in particular the

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and his brother Pero Lopes went to patrol the whole Brazilian coast, banish the French, and create some of the first colonial towns – among them

4228: 3896: 12109:: history of the Portuguese and the Dutch in Ceylon, India, Malacca, Bengal, Formosa, Africa, Brazil. Language Heritage, lists of remains, maps. 4233: 2017: 9863:"Joint declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and The Government of the Republic of Portugal on the question of Macao" 9780: 9734: 5593: 5463: 3532: 2244: 309: 15925: 7044: 5462:

Africans became the largest group of people in Minas Gerais. Slaves labeled as 'Minas' and 'Angolas' rose in high demand during the boom. The

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in mainland Europe. However, the diminished influence from states such as the United Kingdom increased the Kingdom's dependence upon Brazil.

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playing a large role in Minas Gerais, the number of them that received marginalization was greater there than in any other region in Brazil.

4895:, and slave forces from France Antarctique, but left survivors after burning their fortifications and villages. These survivors would settle 3124: 1472: 5067:, countries which were beginning to establish their own overseas empires. The primary threat came from the Dutch, who had been engaged in a 17745: 12413: 5834:. In 1917, one of the actions taken by Portugal was to assist Britain in its timber industry, imperative to the war effort. Along with the 259: 5198:

in the war. The Dutch attained victories in Asia and Africa with assistance of various indigenous allies, eventually wrenching control of

5049: 3231:, and whether it was possible to return once it was passed, were assuaged in 1434 when it was rounded by one of Infante Henry's captains, 17705: 17068: 11739: 10112: 5097:, the Portuguese were able to solve their bullion shortage issues with access to the production of the silver mining in Peru and Mexico. 10876: 10463:

Christian-Muslim Relations. a Bibliographical History.: Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500–1600)

10059: 5163:. Dutch and English interests used this new information, leading to their commercial expansion, including the foundation of the English 4028:

The Malacca peninsula became the strategic base for Portuguese trade expansion with China and Southeast Asia. A strong gate, called the

17665: 14446: 6325: 6178: 6128: 6085: 5584: 4688:, the Portuguese Crown, under the kings Manuel I, John III and Sebastian, also claimed territorial rights in North America (reached by 3294:, off the coast of Mauritania, to attract Muslim traders and monopolize the business in the routes travelled in North Africa. In 1446, 3004: 2973: 2553: 2506: 2501: 1216: 1036: 12707: 12113:"The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe" 10209: 4590: 2945: 928: 17735: 17690: 14807: 10503: 10393: 10167: 5997:) that had gained its independence from France. Unrest spread from Angola to Guinea, which rebelled in 1963, and Mozambique in 1964. 4737:

Within a few years after Cabral arrived from Brazil, competition came along from France. In 1503, an expedition under the command of

2575: 2199: 1347: 10018: 5003:

in 1578. At the Cortes of Tomar in 1581, Philip was crowned Philip I of Portugal, uniting the two crowns and overseas empires under

17700: 17670: 17660: 15501: 14350: 12148: 7695: 6309: 5694: 3515:

time. Whether or not this was the case, the long-standing Portuguese goal of finding a sea route to Asia was finally achieved in a

2627: 1707: 844: 12803: 12753: 5776: 5498:

sufficient to annul the tendency towards decline in relation to Europe's advanced core which set in from the 17th century onwards.

4573:, to whom vast estates around the Zambezi River were leased by the King as a reward for their services. Commanding vast armies of 17635: 14542: 14293: 10461: 9840: 6221: 5547:

Encouraged by the example of the United States of America, which had won its independence from Britain, the colonial province of

5151:

The Dutch eventually realized the importance of Goa in breaking up the Portuguese empire in Asia. In 1583, merchant and explorer

4662: 3507:, or 970 miles (1,560 km), west of the Cape Verde islands. However, as it was not possible at the time to correctly measure 14506: 14179: 10558: 9889: 7564: 5253:. In Ethiopia and Japan in the 1630s, the ousting of missionaries by local leaders severed influence in the respective regions. 17730: 15471: 14774: 8648: 6229: 6078: 4261:

arrived in the region and claimed the Philippines for Spain. In 1525, Spain under Charles V sent an expedition to colonize the

4040:(modern Thailand), where he was the first European to arrive, establishing amicable relations and trade between both kingdoms. 11799: 11421: 8910: 7818: 6213: 3052:. After establishing itself as a separate kingdom in 1139, Portugal completed its reconquest of Moorish territory by reaching 2742: 16878: 16260: 15236: 14189: 14089: 11963: 11944: 11923: 11895: 11872: 11851: 11640: 11473: 11452: 11387: 11345: 11318: 11297: 11276: 11190: 11052: 10926: 10819: 10756: 10649: 10577: 10513: 10450: 10382: 10363: 10268: 10240: 10198: 10096: 9673: 9422: 9196: 8824: 8790: 8286: 8174: 8009: 7703: 7497: 7470: 7443: 7416: 7382: 7346: 6721: 6417: 6174: 4769: 3495:, which he believed to be Asia, led to disputes between the Spanish and the Portuguese. These were eventually settled by the 2294: 1550: 17: 11500: 10295: 8701: 15174: 15133: 14922: 14421: 14401: 7820:

The Voyage of Don Stefano de Gama from Goa to Suez, in 1540, with the intention of Burning the Turkish Galleys at that port

7585: 6249: 5956:

to be incorporated into the newly independent nation, pressure was placed on Portugal to do the same. This was resisted by

4168: 3778: 2657: 2565: 16784: 9631: 17740: 17695: 17583: 15287: 15231: 15002: 14977: 14937: 14343: 13356: 12141: 10788: 9798: 8943: 6308:

In light of its international importance, Portugal and Brazil are leading a movement to include Portuguese as one of the

6074: 5812: 5690: 5471:. Those that became free partook in artisan jobs such as cobblers, tailors, and blacksmiths. In spite of free blacks and 5266: 5262: 5249:, would result in a draw. They would continue to use Muscat as a base for repetitive incursions within the Indian Ocean, 4060: 3920: 3907: 3516: 3114: 3029: 2969: 2642: 2404: 1226: 1211: 1189: 1146: 240: 9947: 6065:

also declared independence in 1975 by making an exodus of many Portuguese refugees to Portugal, which was also known as

5605: 4887:

as new Brazilian governor general, and Sá left for Brazil in 1557. By 1560, Sá and his forces had expelled the combined

3365:(the mine), where he established a trading post. Trade between Elmina and Portugal grew throughout a decade. During the 1331: 1244: 17437: 16930: 15930: 15527: 15305: 14820: 14759: 14283: 11809: 11788: 11767: 11557: 11524: 11410: 11255: 11211: 11148: 10989: 10798: 10777: 10714: 10687: 10668: 10471: 10342: 10177: 10156: 8953: 8920: 6451: 6105: 5911: 5356:, also known as the Pinto Revolt, known in Portuguese as A Conjuração dos Pintos occured, this was a rebellion against 4863:, the latter which Nóbrega co-founded. Along with the Jesuit missions later came disease among the natives, among them 4821: 4032:, was erected to defend the city and remains. Learning of Siamese ambitions over Malacca, Albuquerque immediately sent 2981: 2879: 2766: 1807: 1727: 1337: 788: 439: 6042: 5194:, which would last for over sixty years (1602–1663). Other European nations, such as Protestant England, assisted the 2827:

Over the following decades, Portuguese sailors continued to explore the coasts and islands of East Asia, establishing

2184: 15574: 14769: 14744: 13869: 12050: 12018: 11984: 11830: 11722: 11701: 11661: 11619: 11597: 11578: 11494: 11431: 11366: 11234: 11169: 11127: 11106: 11075: 11031: 11010: 10968: 10947: 10902: 10870: 10849: 10735: 10628: 10604: 10534: 10492: 10429: 10403: 10321: 10289: 10219: 9754: 9012: 8088: 8063: 8029: 7600: 6186: 6167: 6070: 5106: 4988: 4281:

in 1529, attributing the Moluccas to Portugal and the Philippines to Spain. The Portuguese traded regularly with the

4117:

In their first attempts at obtaining trading posts by force, the Portuguese were defeated by the Ming Chinese at the

3964: 2828: 2677: 1465: 495: 71: 10552:

Imperial Culture and Colonial Projects: The Portuguese-Speaking World from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries

5555:

failed, its leaders were arrested, and of the participants in the insurrections, the one of lowest social position,

1607: 1318: 17568: 17163: 14426: 14288: 14199: 9866: 7535: 6441: 4962: 4630: 2844: 2469: 2344: 2127: 1555: 1166: 65: 9498:

Vincent-Smith, J. D. (Sep 1974). "The Anglo-German Negotiations over the Portuguese Colonies in Africa, 1911–14".

5659:. Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed. 17685: 17593: 17196: 17061: 16556: 15143: 14634: 14476: 14278: 12101: 12067: 10169:

Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region

6328:; member states (blue), associate observers (green), and officially-interested countries & territories (gold) 6030: 4828:

industry demanded intensive labor that would be met with Native American and, later, African slaves. Deeming the

3775:

Almeida refused to turn over power and soon placed Albuquerque under house arrest, where he remained until 1509.

3684:

of Portuguese India, establishing the Portuguese government in the east. That year the Portuguese also conquered

3366: 2793: 2486: 2219: 2062: 2027: 1987: 1967: 1622: 1392: 1279: 15718: 14148: 9084:

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/pinto-revolt-murals-to-adorn-candolim-road/articleshow/56129402.cms

6002: 3863: 3235:. Once this psychological barrier had been crossed, it became easier to probe further along the coast. In 1443, 17380: 17213: 17151: 15315: 14837: 12121: 10769:

The Asian Mediterranean: Port Cities and Trading Networks in China, Japan and Southeast Asia, 13th–21st Century

10570:

An Earth-colored Sea: Race, Culture And The Politics Of Identity In The Post-colonial Portuguese-speaking World

9915: 7802: 6159: 6132: 6093: 6088:

with the People's Republic of China to establish the process and conditions for the transfer of sovereignty of

5775:

The King's reaction to the ultimatum was exploited by republicans. On February 1, 1908, King Carlos and Prince

5132: 4302: 3416: 3278:

Map of Western Africa by Lázaro Luis (1563). The large castle in West Africa represents the São Jorge da Mina (

3236: 2992: 2988: 2868: 2682: 2570: 2334: 2209: 2047: 1982: 1907: 1737: 1570: 1434: 1411: 774: 198: 14654: 6237: 5957: 5936: 5034:

of France in exchange for the promise to cede Brazil. Spanish forces eventually captured the islands in 1583.

2914: 17588: 17497: 16994: 15189: 15148: 15113: 14800: 14102: 14063: 12091: 10596: 6657:, p. 56: Henry, a product of 15th-century Portugal, was inspired by both religious and economic factors. 6423: 6108:

on December 20, 1999, officially marked the end of the Portuguese Empire and the end of colonialism in Asia.

5981: 4677: 4334: 4172: 3915: 3730: 2580: 2214: 1657: 1376: 1355: 15022: 9982: 5879: 3354: 1266: 830: 17655: 16989: 16873: 15496: 15339: 15277: 15063: 15058: 14754: 14521: 14076: 14050: 5856: 5704: 5275:

Flag of Portugal (1667–1706). From the 15th–19th centuries the Portuguese flags all looked similar to this.

5136: 4742: 3636:) and a trading post that was the first European settlement in India. They established a trading center at 2860: 2548: 2042: 1992: 1535: 1458: 1396: 1380: 1293: 1121: 1091: 994: 7616: 7325:

Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania by Barbara A. West. Infobase Publishing, 2009. p. 800

5859:, Portugal regained control of all its lost territory, but did not retain possession (by the principle of 5125:

was sent by Dutch merchants to Lisbon, to gather as much information as he could about the Spice Islands.

4792:(Capitanias Hereditárias) to grantees rich enough to support settlement, as had been done successfully in 4760:

to press an effort to establish effective occupation of the territory. In 1531, a royal expedition led by

4398: 3652:) city in (1503) in 1502, which became the centre of trade in pepper, and after founding manufactories at 3155:

that was rumoured to exist somewhere in the "Indies". Under his sponsorship, soon the Atlantic islands of

17547: 17542: 17158: 16999: 16036: 15481: 15209: 15123: 15017: 14932: 14917: 14704: 12081: 8756: 6120: 6026: 5816: 5246: 5179: 4851:, at the Bay of All Saints in 1549. Among de Sousa's 1000 man expedition were soldiers, workers, and six 4270: 3983: 3548: 3544: 3105:

trans-Saharan caravans merely shifted their routes to bypass Ceuta and/or used alternative Muslim ports.

2672: 2394: 2339: 2007: 1261: 1116: 1084: 872: 156: 121: 14416: 7512:

Hong Kong & Macau 14 By Andrew Stone, Piera Chen, Chung Wah Chow Lonely Planet, 2010. pp. 20–21

4996: 3341:

In 1469, after prince Henry's death and as a result of meagre returns of the African explorations, King

2082: 17645: 17603: 17598: 17054: 15138: 15108: 14992: 14962: 14451: 14441: 14326: 14319: 11936:

Exiles, Allies, Rebels: Brazil's Indianist Movement, Indigenist Politics, and the Imperial Nation-State

5645: 5280: 5152: 4956: 4713: 4528: 4294: 4080: 3911: 3799: 3553: 2464: 2389: 2137: 1972: 1767: 1757: 1672: 1196: 1041: 361: 9072: 8739: 5027: 4693: 4242: 2429: 17680: 17640: 17573: 17327: 17288: 16957: 16105: 15669: 15128: 15068: 15042: 15012: 15007: 14491: 14486: 5947:, decolonization movements began to gain momentum in the empires of the European powers. The ensuing 5808: 5140: 5063:

However, the union meant that Spain dragged Portugal into its conflicts with England, France and the

4859:. The Jesuits would have an essential role in the colonization of Brazil, including São Vicente, and 4745:

traded for brazilwood after making contact in southern Brazil a year later. Expeditions sponsored by

4709: 4394: 4365:

The Portuguese empire expanded into the Persian Gulf, contesting control of the spice trade with the

4164: 3982:

in India in 1510. He encouraged Portuguese settlers to marry local women, built a church in honor of

2632: 2590: 2536: 2439: 2249: 2057: 1952: 1842: 1677: 1642: 1602: 1400: 1342: 1251: 1231: 4896: 3978:, on November 25 of the same year it was recaptured. In Goa, Albuquerque began the first Portuguese 2585: 16915: 16890: 16740: 16399: 16394: 15411: 15376: 15356: 15214: 15179: 14927: 14793: 10918:

Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: A Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, Volume 2

9549: 7036: 6101: 6081:

resulted in a majority of East Timorese choosing independence, which was finally achieved in 2002.

6018: 5820: 5725: 5353: 5242: 5191: 4900: 4441: 4250: 4160: 3540: 3373:

fleet attempted to wrest control of this lucrative trade, but were decisively defeated in the 1478

2965: 2521: 2491: 2399: 2329: 2274: 2132: 2097: 1882: 1832: 1827: 1797: 1787: 1697: 1652: 1627: 1617: 1585: 1545: 1388: 1046: 746: 348: 14589: 9389: 5784: 5552: 5385:

by the Portuguese crown and two brothers were granted a coat of arms in 1770, and included in the

4024:' in the Age of Discovery. Afonso de Albuquerque's strategy to encircle the Indian Ocean is shown. 3080: 17650: 17578: 17236: 16982: 16863: 16404: 16357: 16300: 15999: 15943: 15691: 15439: 15386: 15361: 15267: 15226: 15219: 15032: 14764: 10748:

Africa and the World: An Introduction to the History of Sub-Saharan Africa from Antiquity to 1840

10484:

Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonization in the Portuguese Empire, 1550–1755

10055: 6205: 6037:. Portugal's new ruling authorities also recognized Goa and other Portuguese India's territories 6006: 5961: 5903: 5835: 5655:, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new 5222: 5190:

The Dutch took their fight overseas, attacking Spanish and Portuguese colonies and beginning the

5117:, which was loaded with 900 tons of merchandise from India and China estimated at half a million 5110: 5045: 4506:

After a series of prolonged contacts with Ethiopia, the Portuguese embassy made contact with the

4437: 4418: 4374: 4298: 3818: 3810:. In retaliation, the Portuguese fought and destroyed the Mamluks and Gujarati fleets in the sea 3008: 2953: 2667: 2543: 2454: 2444: 2419: 2409: 2354: 2319: 2259: 2194: 2169: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2052: 2032: 2012: 1962: 1867: 1862: 1802: 1782: 1752: 1742: 1702: 1590: 1305: 413: 374: 14381: 12010: 11822:

Goa Through the Ages: An Economic History, Issue 6 of Goa University publication series Volume 2

10706: 9060: 6162:

that remain politically linked to Portugal. Although Portugal began the process of decolonizing

5410:

Thus, throughout the century, Brazil gained increasing importance to the empire, which exported

3766:, they instead followed a strategy intended to close off commerce to and from the Indian Ocean. 3585: 2817: 17402: 17231: 17004: 16905: 16900: 16588: 16536: 16456: 16389: 16293: 16278: 16171: 15938: 15892: 15733: 15620: 15466: 15194: 15027: 14972: 14967: 14947: 14689: 14649: 14471: 14411: 14158: 13603: 13249: 11549: 11442: 6486: 6010: 5993:, a remnant of the West African slave trade, was annexed by the new government of Dahomey (now 5969: 5765: 5644:(Portuguese Constitutional Courts), the Parliament that assembled in Lisbon in the wake of the 5609: 5580: 5483: 5053: 4761: 4637:, and it became the major trading port in Japan in the triangular trade with China and Europe. 4524: 4516: 3834: 3625:, the Portuguese were well-received and seen as allies, as they obtained a permit to build the 3118: 2924:

made some ill-fated attempts to cling on to its last remaining colonies. Under the ideology of

2918: 2903: 2875: 2864: 2754: 2481: 2314: 2279: 2264: 2174: 2164: 2117: 2112: 1947: 1942: 1922: 1887: 1817: 1692: 1560: 1299: 1206: 1156: 387: 11913: 11841: 11463: 11377: 11337: 11245: 11180: 11159: 11138: 11117: 11086:

The Decolonization of Portuguese Africa: Metropolitan Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire

11021: 11000: 10958: 10937: 10809: 10767: 10746: 10332: 10116: 10082: 9002: 8782: 8781:(4th ed.). Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 7372: 4765: 4622: 4546:

and its ruler Ngola Kiljuane in 1520, after the latter requested missionaries. Kongolese king

4490: 3807: 3693: 3605: 3584:) in south-western India in May 1498. The second voyage to India was dispatched in 1500 under 2189: 17482: 17347: 16935: 16895: 16708: 16583: 15647: 15637: 15596: 15567: 15461: 15391: 15366: 15325: 15241: 15199: 15184: 15096: 15073: 14952: 14749: 14496: 14406: 13957: 12576: 12533: 12463: 11934: 11778: 11758:

Sovereignty and Society in Colonial Brazil: The High Court of Bahia and Its Judges, 1609–1751

11672: 11630: 11308: 11287: 11201: 11096: 11042: 10979: 10860: 10618: 10524: 10482: 10051: 9663: 9412: 7792: 6496: 6491: 5838:, Portuguese personnel established logging infrastructure in an area now referred to as the " 5792: 5668: 5340: 4992: 4789: 4750: 4685: 4433: 4266: 3925: 3888: 3747: 3496: 3483: 3467: 3335: 2856: 2369: 2349: 2269: 2234: 2122: 2092: 2037: 1957: 1877: 1792: 1732: 1540: 1418: 1384: 1256: 187: 16823: 14335: 11820: 11536:(1953). Asia and Western dominance, 1498–1945, by K.M. Panikkar. London: G. Allen and Unwin. 11517:

Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770–1850

10725: 9746: 9186: 8814: 6245: 6166:

in 1975, during 1999–2002 was sometimes considered Portugal's last remaining colony, as the

4753:. By 1531, the French had stationed a trading post off of an island on the Brazilian coast. 3854: 2595: 17537: 17532: 17472: 17407: 17312: 17028: 16858: 16828: 16703: 16634: 16605: 16524: 15858: 15696: 15686: 15486: 15396: 15162: 15037: 13727: 13262: 12474: 9221:"The great escape? The contribution of the empire to Portugal's economic growth, 1500–1800" 7613:"When Portugal Ruled the Seas | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine" 6481: 6053: 6014: 5907: 5839: 5769: 5716: 5541: 5167:

in 1600, and the Dutch East India Company in 1602. These developments allowed the entry of

5082: 4952: 4721: 4614: 4610: 4598: 4556: 4532: 4445: 4414: 4353: 4343: 4175:

and rented Macau as a trading post from China by paying annual lease of hundreds of silver

4130: 3811: 3791: 3783: 3677: 3673: 3622: 3488: 3440: 3342: 3268: 3215: 2961: 2600: 2414: 2379: 2324: 2102: 2022: 1917: 1762: 1325: 1176: 1126: 1061: 705: 663: 426: 16808: 11203:

Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere (2 Volumes)

8056:

Possessed by the Virgin: Hinduism, Roman Catholicism, and Marian Possession in South India

5207: 4856: 4421:

and a hospital. In the Azores, the Islands Armada protected the ships en route to Lisbon.

4393:

Albuquerque's expedition in that same year and another attempt by Albuquerque's successor

3397:, with which it soon developed a rapport. During his 1485–86 expedition, Cão continued to 3382: 3377:, which firmly established an exclusive Portuguese control. In 1481, the recently crowned 2816:

reached India. In 1500, either by an accidental landfall or by the crown's secret design,

2364: 1897: 8: 17502: 17432: 17375: 17292: 17118: 16720: 16600: 16566: 16468: 16288: 16283: 16095: 15814: 15750: 15625: 15610: 15520: 15431: 15406: 15381: 15320: 15295: 15255: 14912: 14906: 14828: 14739: 14729: 14684: 14614: 14599: 14396: 14367: 14125: 13747: 10680:

History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 2, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807

10661:

History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 1, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807

9942: 8673: 6400: 6283: 5729: 5629: 5621: 5386: 5332: 5250: 5168: 5122: 5031: 4948: 4797: 4746: 4551:

ambassadors from Sao Tome support Ndongo against the Kingdom of Kongo. However, when the

4520: 4474: 4470: 4358: 4092: 4088: 3987: 3471: 3406: 3378: 3361:

gold trade among the natives and visiting Arab and Berber traders at the port then named

3136: 3089: 3035: 2941: 2925: 2891: 2883: 2785: 2750: 2713: 2701: 2424: 2359: 1932: 1812: 1717: 1632: 1612: 1371: 1003: 691: 481: 111: 47: 16436: 16426: 14639: 12086: 12029: 11632:

Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia: Volume 2

11544:

Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century

9383: 8024:

Yosaburō Takekoshi, "The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan",

5402: 4916: 4464:

and passing through Bassein to pay duties and allow the horse trade. After Mughal ruler

4444:

with the Portuguese, establishing an alliance to regain the country, giving in exchange

4052: 4010: 3743: 3724: 3295: 3061: 2991:, both had overwhelmingly Portuguese populations, and Lisbon subsequently changed their 2746: 271: 17608: 17512: 17296: 17248: 17243: 17146: 17136: 17093: 17085: 16833: 16813: 16796: 16747: 16612: 16421: 16372: 16305: 16223: 16164: 16159: 16154: 16110: 16080: 15972: 15870: 15738: 15713: 15449: 15444: 15371: 15300: 15282: 14895: 14584: 14531: 14436: 13658: 12239: 12003: 11756: 11542: 11223: 10699: 10418: 9531: 9523: 7998: 6501: 6476: 6446: 6209: 5617: 5564: 5312: 5199: 5164: 4984: 4976: 4920: 4876: 4841: 4725: 4594: 4326: 4278: 4258: 4111: 4002: 3968: 3892: 3602:

licensing system, granting merchant ships protection against pirates and rival states.

3163:(1427) were reached and started to be settled, producing wheat for export to Portugal. 3000: 2840: 2496: 2289: 2254: 2147: 1837: 1822: 1682: 1580: 1565: 1423: 1111: 1066: 1031: 579: 537: 175: 14624: 10892: 9836: 5343:

and at the end of confrontations with the Dutch, Portugal was only able to cling onto

5086:

Dutch and English warships engaging a Portuguese galleon at the Battle of Cadis, 1608.

5038:

the "entradas" (entries), and by private initiative, the "bandeiras" (flags), by the "

17487: 17462: 17442: 17412: 17302: 17284: 17253: 17186: 17103: 17077: 16838: 16774: 16769: 16698: 16595: 16310: 16238: 16233: 16075: 16004: 15987: 15982: 15977: 15777: 15728: 15536: 15491: 15476: 15421: 15401: 15351: 15272: 15118: 14724: 14694: 14644: 14536: 14386: 13544: 12827: 12820: 12774: 12649: 12543: 12285: 12226: 12046: 12014: 11980: 11959: 11940: 11919: 11891: 11884: 11868: 11847: 11826: 11805: 11784: 11763: 11718: 11697: 11678: 11657: 11636: 11615: 11593: 11574: 11553: 11520: 11490: 11486:

Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia, Volume 2

11469: 11448: 11427: 11406: 11399: 11383: 11362: 11341: 11330: 11314: 11293: 11272: 11251: 11230: 11207: 11186: 11165: 11144: 11123: 11102: 11071: 11064: 11048: 11027: 11006: 10985: 10964: 10943: 10922: 10898: 10866: 10845: 10838: 10815: 10794: 10773: 10752: 10731: 10710: 10683: 10664: 10645: 10624: 10614: 10600: 10589: 10573: 10530: 10509: 10488: 10467: 10446: 10425: 10399: 10378: 10359: 10338: 10317: 10285: 10264: 10236: 10215: 10194: 10173: 10152: 10092: 9886: 9750: 9669: 9535: 9515: 9418: 9192: 9056: 9008: 8949: 8916: 8820: 8786: 8775: 8693: 8282: 8084: 8059: 8025: 8005: 7798: 7699: 7596: 7556: 7493: 7466: 7439: 7412: 7378: 7342: 6257: 6140: 6097: 6049: 5915: 5788: 5676: 5672: 5641: 5598: 5560: 5532: 5524: 5378: 5215: 5203: 5076: 5019: 5004: 4938: 4904: 4837: 4705: 4701: 4579: 4561: 4547: 4543: 4330: 4306: 4037: 3322: 3140: 3101: 3085: 3045: 2996: 2987:

to China in 1999. The only overseas possessions to remain under Portuguese rule, the

2949: 2929: 2809: 2762: 2662: 2605: 2449: 2374: 2304: 1937: 1927: 1892: 1687: 1647: 1287: 1201: 1106: 914: 719: 649: 607: 551: 523: 296: 217: 12127: 10555: 8883:

Willem Floor, "Dutch Relations with the Persian Gulf", in Lawrence G. Potter (ed.),

8652: 6294: 6268: 6116: 6017:", one of the first acts of the MFA-led government which then came into power – the 5285: 4806: 4738: 4043:

The Portuguese empire pushed further south and proceeded to discover Timor in 1512.

2847:

in 1580, there began a 60-year union between Spain and Portugal known to subsequent

2831:

and factories as they went. By 1571, a string of naval outposts connected Lisbon to

17477: 17392: 17337: 17307: 17258: 17218: 17201: 17191: 17126: 17098: 16791: 16578: 16573: 16529: 16516: 16446: 16414: 16409: 16273: 16268: 16250: 16211: 16144: 16127: 16068: 16058: 16053: 15994: 15950: 15920: 15880: 15863: 15846: 15809: 15560: 15416: 14900: 14609: 14391: 14303: 13793: 13769: 13737: 13189: 12784: 11119:

Colonialism and Postcolonial Development Spanish America in Comparative Perspective

9742: 9507: 9242: 9232: 6456: 6408: 6299: 6279: 6163: 6089: 5964: 5925: 5852: 5680: 5656: 5612:

crippled the Portuguese Empire, both economically and politically, for a long time.

5507: 5431: 5068: 4864: 4852: 4848: 4642: 4539: 4507: 4410: 4366: 4310: 4262: 4215: 4191: 4118: 4044: 4033: 4006: 3880: 3536: 3475: 3428: 3394: 3374: 3370: 3325:

capital to produce the "sweet salt" that was rare in Europe. Already cultivated in

3250: 3057: 2984: 2899: 2895: 2887: 2874:

The third era of empire covers the final stage of Portuguese colonialism after the

2781: 2622: 2516: 2459: 2434: 2309: 2299: 2239: 2229: 2179: 2159: 1872: 1847: 1772: 1747: 1637: 1575: 1101: 1024: 760: 733: 621: 509: 14619: 14579: 11444:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor: Volume 1

6388:, India, an example of Portuguese architecture and one of Asia's largest churches. 4833: 3928:. Albuquerque is credited with laying the foundations of Portuguese power in Asia. 3450:

As the Portuguese explored the coastlines of Africa, they left behind a series of

17517: 17492: 17280: 17263: 17108: 17009: 16977: 16850: 16818: 16801: 16757: 16752: 16730: 16725: 16683: 16676: 16651: 16511: 16506: 16347: 16228: 16122: 16117: 16085: 15910: 15900: 15794: 15787: 15782: 15767: 15723: 15605: 15591: 15541: 15454: 15310: 15204: 14594: 14574: 14564: 14481: 14115: 14037: 13391: 12373: 12040: 11974: 11862: 11712: 11691: 11651: 11568: 11484: 11356: 11266: 10916: 10862:

Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585–1660

10639: 10562: 10440: 10353: 10311: 10279: 10258: 10230: 10188: 9893: 8276: 7827: 7592: 7487: 7460: 7433: 7336: 6466: 6200:

For instance, as Portuguese merchants were presumably the first to introduce the

6190: 6038: 5920: 5827: 5780: 5516: 5336: 5300: 5210:. The Dutch also had regional control of the lucrative sugar-producing region of 4781: 4646: 4479: 4322: 4282: 4187: 4146: 4142: 3998: 3803: 3735: 3689: 3424: 3393:

in 1482. It was during this expedition that the Portuguese first encountered the

3175: 3069: 2805: 2758: 2652: 2617: 2511: 2384: 2284: 2224: 2087: 1912: 1902: 1777: 1712: 1662: 1448: 400: 322: 16431: 14569: 11674:

Fidalgos and Philanthropists: The Santa Casa da Misericórdia of Bahia, 1550–1755

10190:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century

9385:

History of England: From the Roman Invasion to the Accession of Queen Victoria I

6288: 5299:

saluting the squadron of Admiral Ball at Malta in 1798. In the 18th century the

4618: 3350: 3166: 1484: 17467: 17457: 17452: 17447: 17427: 17417: 17332: 17275: 17168: 17131: 16952: 16947: 16910: 16885: 16868: 16779: 16764: 16735: 16693: 16541: 16501: 16496: 16451: 16377: 16337: 16327: 16317: 16132: 16011: 15905: 15772: 15654: 14982: 14629: 13668: 13507: 12950: 12910: 12606: 12334: 12213: 12116: 11533: 11089: 10088: 9635: 6155: 5860: 5748:

In the 19th century, Portugal launched campaigns to solidify Portuguese Africa.

5739: 5234: 5226: 5128: 5118: 5072: 5064: 5057: 5022:. All the Portuguese colonies accepted the new state of affairs except for the 5008: 4967: 4924: 4606: 4512: 4499: 4370: 4114:

to sail to China in order to pioneer European trade relations with the nation.

3932: 3884: 3713: 3614: 3609:"Vasco da Gama Meets the Zamorin of Calicut", painting by Veloso Salgado, 1898. 3346: 3303: 3072:(in present-day Morocco). It offered the opportunity to continue the Christian 3012: 2848: 2647: 2637: 1977: 1722: 942: 635: 125: 100: 9511: 8677: 4908: 4016: 3802:

along with the Gujarati sultanate attacked Portuguese forces in the harbor of

2871:

that swept the Americas during the early 19th century, it broke away in 1822.

2526: 17629: 17563: 17362: 17033: 16920: 16715: 16688: 16661: 16639: 16617: 16384: 16367: 16352: 16196: 16149: 16137: 16063: 15955: 15829: 15824: 15799: 15681: 14957: 14526: 14431: 13517: 13473: 13104: 12991: 12272: 9937: 9784: 9519: 8697: 7338:

Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands

5977: 5883: 5733: 5720: 5625: 5531:, who protected the natives against slavery, were brutally suppressed by the 5467:

amount of gold to keep the excesses, which in turn led to the possibility of

5328: 5317: 5218:, but the Portuguese regained these territories after considerable struggle. 5114: 5011: 4972: 4944: 4872: 4801: 4390: 4285:

from 1530 and described the capital of Brunei as surrounded by a stone wall.

4134: 3958: 3626: 3569: 3557: 3520: 3504: 3279: 3205: 2977: 2852: 2813: 2531: 2002: 1667: 1171: 1151: 956: 802: 335: 229: 16461: 16441: 13868:

1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent

10830:

Portuguese Decolonization in the Indian Ocean World: History and Ethnography

6092:, its last remaining overseas possession. While this process was similar to 5030:, a Portuguese rival claimant to the throne who had garnered the support of 4067:, where they encountered Muslims, Hindus, and Portuguese deserters known as 3794:

due to his suspicions of traders from the region possessing more power. The

17522: 17352: 17223: 17141: 16925: 16666: 16656: 16622: 16551: 16546: 16473: 16263: 16245: 16206: 16201: 16181: 16176: 16048: 16041: 16031: 16026: 16021: 15915: 15853: 15834: 15819: 15755: 14997: 14714: 14466: 14461: 14456: 13694: 13054: 12874: 12586: 11801:

The Portuguese in the East: A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Empire

9593:

German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net

9588: 6381: 6201: 5953: 5944: 5874:

Portuguese territories in Africa eventually included the modern nations of

5686: 5548: 5426:

in Brazil. Major discoveries of gold and, later, diamonds in Minas Gerais,

5423: 5238: 5221:

Meanwhile, in the Persian Gulf region, the Portuguese also lost control of

5211: 5195: 5039: 4672: 4552: 4318: 4314: 4246: 4238: 4084: 4021: 3759: 3595: 3299: 3244: 3228: 3152: 3144: 1221: 900: 593: 11864:

The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700: A Political and Economic History

9237: 9220: 6005:'s military (MFA) and working class, and the cost and unpopularity of the 5479:

the Portuguese were able to implant a political stronghold in the region.

5271: 4884: 4860: 4717: 3390: 17507: 17385: 17370: 17342: 17178: 16644: 16629: 16478: 16191: 16100: 16090: 16016: 15664: 15659: 14855: 14845: 14604: 13980: 13460: 13437: 13424: 13170: 13034: 12940: 10413: 9247: 8678:"The Presence of the "Portugals" in Macau and Japan in Richard Hakluyt's 5652: 5468: 5427: 5363:

The leaders of the plot were three prominent priests from the village of

5291: 4650: 4626: 4064: 3979: 3945: 3838: 3717: 3590: 3436: 3386: 3148: 3133: 3056:

in 1249, but its independence continued to be threatened by neighbouring

3040: 2801: 2789: 2738: 1014: 14324: 12486: 9862: 9665:

Paradigm Shift in Language Planning and Policy: Game-Theoretic Solutions

8281:. trans. by Arthur Irakel. Oxford University Press. pp. 35, 38–40. 5699: 4757: 3971:

in 1510 was soon countered by the Bijapuris, but with the help of Hindu

3874: 3503:

between the Portuguese and the Spanish along a north–south meridian 370

3274: 17270: 16671: 16488: 16362: 16322: 16255: 14890: 14880: 14248: 14222: 13824: 13774: 13114: 13074: 12697: 12629: 11682: 9527: 9185:

Ramasamy, SM.; Kumanan, C.J.; Sivakumar, R.; et al., eds. (2006).

6062: 5924:

In the 20th century, Portugal no longer called itself an empire, but a

5891: 5875: 5556: 5411: 5183: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4689: 4449: 4063:. The Portuguese eventually based their center of operations along the 4056: 4048: 4013:(along with Ferdinand Magellan) to explore the Indonesian archipelago. 3953: 3767: 3637: 3633: 3447:, suggesting that a sea route to the Indies would soon be forthcoming. 3398: 3307: 3240: 3049: 2937: 1852: 1096: 816: 677: 12497: 11310:

Family and Frontier in Colonial Brazil: Santana de Parnaíba, 1580–1822

11182:

Historic Cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, Volume 1

4621:, and other traders arrived in Japan for the first time. According to 3936:

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Portuguese Empire of the East, or

3431:

on the coast of Africa, proving false the view that had existed since

17317: 16561: 16332: 16216: 16186: 15967: 15841: 15632: 14885: 14865: 14860: 14709: 13483: 13293: 12347: 12321: 12249: 12001:

White, Paula (2005). Bowman, John Stewart; Isserman, Maurice (eds.).

11066:

Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil

10281:

The Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980

5960:, who had taken power in 1933. Salazar rebuffed a request in 1950 by 5761: 5520: 5472: 4892: 4871:. Subsequently, the French would resettle in Portuguese territory at 4697: 4150: 4097: 3972: 3949: 3771: 3705: 3581: 3573: 3508: 3492: 3462: 3412: 3314: 3232: 3214:

began exploring the Indian Ocean. In 1487, an overland expedition by

2800:, with the aim of finding a sea route to the source of the lucrative 1056: 1051: 17046: 14785: 12133: 10526:

The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism: 1870–1920

10052:"Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database: Sorting Citrus Names" 9799:"The Geographical Oddity of Fortaleza de Sao Joao Baptista de Ajuda" 7521:

Hong Kong & Macau by Jules Brown Rough Guides, 2002. p. 195

5932: 4385:

at the head of the Persian Gulf, establishing it as a vassal state.

3451: 2878:

in the 1820s. By then, the colonial possessions had been reduced to

2774: 17527: 17322: 15962: 15745: 15703: 15642: 15087: 14870: 14850: 14816: 13970: 13717: 13580: 13557: 13534: 13381: 13345: 12965: 12596: 12360: 12128:"Repression of Buddhism in Sri Lanka by the Portuguese (1505–1658)" 12112: 9911: 9898: 9073:

https://goemkarponn.com/cm-places-wreath-at-pintos-revolt-memorial/

5948: 5868: 5796: 5753: 5406:

Coat of Arms of the Pintos, awarded by the King of Portugal in 1770

5396: 5369: 5364: 5357: 4888: 4868: 4634: 4574: 4569: 4495: 4156: 4138: 4126: 4102: 4029: 3701: 3511:, the exact boundary was disputed by the two countries until 1777. 3499:

in 1494, which divided the world outside of Europe in an exclusive

3444: 3358: 3287: 3260: 3195: 2972:

by Indonesia. Decolonization prompted the exodus of nearly all the

2907: 2832: 981: 145: 139: 14235: 4939:

Iberian Union, Protestant rivalry, and colonial stasis (1580–1663)

4222: 4122: 3837:

and explorations: first arrival places and dates; main Portuguese

17397: 17208: 15875: 15804: 15760: 15615: 13918: 13847: 13804: 13681: 13414: 13308: 13011: 12960: 12740: 12671: 12619: 12566: 12262: 12106: 11886:

The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440–1870

10002: 9978: 8840: 8712: 6427: 6272: 6194: 6151: 5847: 5831: 5783:

in Lisbon by two Portuguese republican activist revolutionaries,

5536: 5528: 5487: 5437: 5382: 5093: 5000: 4793: 4465: 4461: 4460:. It also regulated the trade of Gujarati ships departing to the 4425: 4402: 4347: 4339: 3994: 3755: 3751: 3681: 3618: 3577: 3500: 3432: 3402: 3330: 3326: 3264: 3255: 3156: 3130: 3073: 3053: 3007:(CPLP) is the cultural successor of the Empire, analogous to the 2933: 2797: 15676: 11714:

The First Imperial Age, European Overseas Expansion c. 1400–1715

11653:

Viagem ao fundo das consciências: a escravatura na época moderna

11002:

Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume I: The Century of Discovery

10811:

Africa's Legacies Of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent

10701:

Islands and Empires: Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia

10505:

The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632)

7730:

Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p. 37

6248:. Related names can be found in other languages, such as Arabic 6208:

the fruit has been named after them. Some examples are Albanian

4257:

Portuguese operations in Asia did not go unnoticed, and in 1521

4245:. A significant portion of the crews on Portuguese ships on the 3151:

and perhaps to join forces with the fabled Christian kingdom of

15708: 15583: 13932: 13707: 13401: 13234: 13213: 13064: 12969: 12930: 12920: 12718: 12660: 12520: 12453: 12386: 12308: 8758:

The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies...

6147: 5990: 5887: 5864: 5523:

created there functioned under a centralized administration in

5374: 5308: 5098: 5023: 4816:

and São Vicente, prospered. Both were dedicated to the crop of

4453: 4429: 4406: 4378: 4274: 4211: 4207: 4182: 4153: 3975: 3795: 3709: 3697: 3685: 3669: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3641: 3599: 3362: 3318: 3291: 3160: 2821: 1071: 95: 86:

Areas of the world that were once part of the Portuguese Empire

12847: 11140:

Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean

10840:

A History of Latin America: From the Beginnings to the Present

10620:

Inhuman Bondage: The Rise And Fall of Slavery in the New World

10084:

The Europeans: A Geography of People, Culture, and Environment

8978:, vol. 4, pp. 254–255. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996. 8813:

Bowen, H. V.; Lincoln, Margarette; Rigby, Nigel, eds. (2002).

6185:

Canada, the US and Venezuela. In addition, there are numerous

5551:

attempted to achieve the same objective in 1789. However, the

4269:, since there was no set limit to the east. The expedition of 16342: 14875: 14365: 13814: 13450: 13371: 13321: 13200: 13094: 13084: 13001: 12981: 12897: 12887: 12813: 12639: 12507: 12203: 9184: 8081:

American History from a Global Perspective: An Interpretation

6404: 6058: 5994: 5757: 5736:

were among the first Europeans to cross Africa west to east.

5708: 5392: 5321: 4880: 4776: 4457: 4382: 4176: 3763: 3561: 3290:

trade post overseas was established in 1445 on the island of

3097: 2788:

would eventually expand across the globe. In the wake of the

2770: 886: 858: 565: 9034:

History of the Konkan by Alexander Kyd Nairne pp. 84–85

5740:

British Ultimatum and end of Portuguese monarchy (1890–1910)

4741:

reported French raids on the Brazilian coasts, and explorer

4141:

in 1548 where several Portuguese were captured and near the

2956:

in Africa lasted from 1961 until the final overthrow of the

13044: 8567: 8565: 6861: 5744: 5230: 4768:, in 1532. Sousa returned to Lisbon a year later to become 4582:, to the point of installing client kings upon its throne. 4386: 3857:, depicting a Portuguese nobleman with his retinue in India 3179: 15552: 13872:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized. 10981:

South East Asia, Colonial History: Imperialism before 1800

10915:

Juang, Richard M.; Morrissette, Noelle Anne, eds. (2008).

9279: 8991:, vol. 5, p. 2. New York: Charles A. Scribner's Sons 1996. 8987:

Francis A. Dutra, "Salvador Correia de Sá e Benavides" in

5511:

Plan of the city of S. Sebastião (Rio de Janeiro) in 1820.

5441:

Provinces of the Portuguese Empire in the Americas by 1817

13275: 8754: 8000:

Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-year History

7794:

A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk

7584:

p. 343–344, Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank,

7462:

The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art

6385: 5973: 5349: 5344: 5147:, showing the main street of Portuguese Goa in the 1580s. 4756:

The increase in brazilwood smuggling from the French led

2780:

The Portuguese Empire originated at the beginning of the

11247:

History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497–1600

11044:

Paula Rego's Map of Memory: National and Sexual Politics

10836:

Herring, Hubert Clinton; Herring, Helen Baldwin (1968).

8562: 8326: 8100: 5719:

in the 19th century, Portugal had lost its territory in

5327:

After the Portuguese were defeated by the Indian rulers

5050:

The Recovery of São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos

4749:

along the North American coast directly violated of the

3526: 10545:

Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire

10442:

Portuguese Trade in Asia Under the Habsburgs, 1580–1640

9219:

Costa, Leonor Freire; Palma, Nuno; Reis, Jaime (2015).

7965: 7929: 7017: 6472:

Persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal

5939:

sought the preservation of a pluricontinental Portugal.

4656: 4288: 4051:

in 1526, naming it the "Island of the Papua". In 1517,

3222: 7917: 7407:

Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John King (1978).

6177:. Together with Portugal, they are now members of the 5502: 4820:, and the settlers managed to maintain alliances with 3944:

By the end of 1509, Albuquerque became viceroy of the

3700:(modern Sri Lanka), where he discovered the source of 12005:

Exploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500–1500

11956:

Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction

11401:

History of Portugal: From Lusitania to Empire; Vol. 1

11358:

A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1668

11289:

Go-Betweens and the Colonization of Brazil: 1500–1600

9668:. Boston/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, Inc. p. 98. 9132: 9130: 9105: 9103: 8456: 8454: 7977: 7946: 7944: 7750: 7748: 7271: 6298:, literally "(the) Portuguese (one)", in contrast to 6033:), creating over a million Portuguese refugees – the 5417: 4625:, who claimed to be in this journey, they arrived at 3875:

Trade with Maritime Asia, Africa and the Indian Ocean

3310:

Islands were discovered in 1456 and settled in 1462.

3263:, advancing at an average rate of one degree a year. 13889: 11483:

Page, Melvin E.; Sonnenburg, Penny M., eds. (2003).

10373:

Bethencourt, Francisco; Curto, Diogo Ramada (2007).

10260:

Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World

9438: 8374: 8232: 8173:

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8164: 8162: 8160: 7760: 7135: 7133: 6368:

Main sea explorations, routes and areas of influence

4915:

period, Manuel de Nóbrega, along with fellow Jesuit

14988:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

14700:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

11976:

Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926

11797: 11396: 10859:Heywood, Linda M.; Thornton, John K., eds. (2007). 10591:

The North Atlantic World in the Seventeenth Century

10113:"ONU: Petição para tornar português língua oficial" 10074: 9312: 9255: 9142: 8974:Francis A. Dutra. "Overseas Council (Portugal)" in 8320: 8308: 8214: 7435:

China and Europe Since 1978: A European Perspective

7145: 7118: 7094: 7058: 6969: 6921: 6813: 6462:

List of topics on the Portuguese Empire in the East

5863:) of territories gained during the war, except for 5634:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

5589:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

4883:to report the French intrusion, Joao III appointed 14735:List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown 12002: 11883: 11755: 11735:MIGRAÇÃO SOB CONTRATO: A OPINIÃO DE EÇA DE QUEIROZ 11649: 11606:Priolkar, A.K. The Goa Inquisition (Bombay, 1961). 11541: 11398: 11329: 11222: 11063: 10837: 10698: 10588: 10417: 10395:War in the World: A Comparative History, 1450–1600 10208:Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2010). 10007: 9817: 9491: 9267: 9127: 9100: 8989:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 8976:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 8774: 8630: 8628: 8451: 8193: 8136: 7997: 7941: 7907: 7905: 7745: 7671: 7605: 7586:The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8 7261: 7259: 6740: 6543: 6094:the agreement between the United Kingdom and China 4692:in 1497 and 1498). To that end, in 1499 and 1500, 3901: 10080: 9007:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 180. 8812: 8806: 8412: 8410: 8302: 8210: 8208: 8157: 7881: 7733: 7406: 7328: 7210: 7208: 7157: 7130: 6638: 6636: 4836:as first governor and selecting a capital at the 4805:India and senior officials of the court, such as 4538:The Portuguese also made direct contact with the 4535:in 1543, the joint Adal-Ottoman force retreated. 2880:forts and plantations along the African coastline 1514: 17627: 14755:Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (current pretender) 14668:Project for the Royal Palace in Campo de Ourique 14661:Juvarra's Project for the Royal Palace in Lisbon 12031:The Rise of Portuguese Power in India, 1497–1550 10914: 10372: 10229:Arnold, James R.; Wiener, Roberta, eds. (2012). 10081:Ostergren, Robert C.; Le Bossé, Mathias (2011). 9865:. Government Printing Bureau (Macao SAR). 1987. 8755:Burnell, Arthur Coke; et al., eds. (1885), 8571: 8538: 8487: 8338: 8332: 8256: 8112: 8106: 7064: 6927: 6819: 6549: 6519: 4708:explored what is today the Canadian province of 4059:, and by 1528, the Portuguese had established a 3317:in Madeira started in 1455, using advisers from 2761:in European history, lasting 584 years from the 2732: 2722: 39: 17716:1999 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire 14309:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia 14299:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 14010: 11268:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India 10858: 10641:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580 10459: 9739:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History 9716: 9714: 9363: 9333: 9300: 9166: 9154: 8890: 8865: 8625: 8278:Chapters of Brazil's Colonial History 1500–1800 8244: 8124: 8035: 7971: 7935: 7902: 7790: 7256: 7181: 6945: 6933: 6849: 6764: 6567: 5113:a large Portuguese carrack off the Azores, the 4812:Of the fifteen original captaincies, only two, 4229:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 4223:Spice Islands (Moluccas) and Treaty of Zaragoza 3897:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 3457: 3427:rounded the southern tip of Africa and reached 3338:would propel the investment in future travels. 678:Parts of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata 11482: 11375: 11225:Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492–1700 10835: 9904: 9218: 8737: 8516: 8514: 8475: 8422: 8407: 8314: 8220: 8205: 8181: 8168: 8142: 7739: 7205: 7169: 7082: 6909: 6837: 6697: 6648: 6633: 6555: 6525: 6173:Eight of the former colonies of Portugal have 4498:unload cargo in Lisbon. Original engraving by 4129:. In 1521, the Portuguese lost 2 ships at the 3853:16th century Portuguese illustration from the 3533:Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India 3470:meridian divided the world between the crowns 2537:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63) 17726:States and territories disestablished in 1999 17062: 15568: 14801: 14351: 12149: 11423:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 11136: 10638:Diffie, Bailey W.; Winius, George D. (1977). 10460:Chesworth, John; Thomas, David, eds. (2015). 10046: 10044: 9938:"Cataloging Policy and Support Office: Macau" 9497: 9479: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9178: 8912:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 7766: 7334: 7283: 6069:. However, East Timor was almost immediately 6041:, as Indian territories. Benin's claims over 5897: 5791:. Luís Filipe's brother, Manuel, became King 5752:The project to connect the two colonies, the 5601:sought the disbandment of the United Kingdom. 4417:became a strategic port, and there was built 3345:granted the monopoly of trade in part of the 3125:European enclaves in North Africa before 1830 1500: 1466: 17711:1415 establishments in the Portuguese Empire 17025:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy 11860: 11689: 11670: 11468:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 11379:Port Cities of Atlantic Iberia, c. 1500–1900 10960:The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters 10727:Portugal: A Twentieth Century Interpretation 10637: 10228: 10139: 9823: 9711: 8601: 8577: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8380: 8350: 8268: 8262: 8118: 7712: 7557:"'Portugal's Discovery in China' on Display" 7193: 7187: 7163: 7151: 7124: 7100: 7070: 7023: 6975: 6951: 6939: 6867: 6855: 6770: 6746: 6703: 6654: 6642: 6561: 5256: 4879:. While a Portuguese ambassador was sent to 12042:Choque Luso No Japão Dos Séculos XVI e XVII 10956: 10744: 10207: 10146: 10115:. Diario.iol.pt. 2005-11-17. Archived from 9568: 9404: 9172: 9115: 8994: 8526: 8511: 8362: 8083:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 314. 7659: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7492:. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 12. 7479: 7432:Edmonds, Richard L., ed. (September 2002). 7425: 7411:. Cambridge University Press. p. 336. 7307: 7295: 7106: 7076: 7037:"Thangasseri, Kollam, Dutch Quilon, Kerala" 7005: 6993: 6843: 6752: 5662: 5391:This was the first anti-colonial revolt in 4847:Tomé de Sousa built the capital of Brazil, 4190:, during the golden age of colonization of 3957:and Gujarat, as well as its prominence for 3734:exemplified the might and the force of the 3545:Indian Ocean trade § Portuguese period 3443:, traveling secretly overland, had reached 3108: 3018: 17721:States and territories established in 1415 17069: 17055: 15575: 15561: 14808: 14794: 14358: 14344: 12156: 12142: 11953: 11780:Goa-Kanara Portuguese Relations, 1498–1763 11548:. University of California Press. p. 11161:The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624 10745:Gann, Louis Henry; Duignan, Peter (1972). 10567: 10041: 9655: 9506:(3). Cambridge University Press: 620–629. 9462: 9450: 9375: 8613: 8589: 8053: 7989: 7244: 7220: 6897: 6873: 6789: 6720:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDaus1983 ( 6660: 6584: 6582: 6326:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 6179:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 6154:(the latter administering the uninhabited 6129:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 5638:Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves 5585:Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil 5515:Unlike Spain, Portugal did not divide its 4780:A map from 1574 showing the 15 hereditary 4237:Portugal was the first European nation to 3712:initially resisted contact with them, the 3188: Covilhã's travel 1489–†1490 (orange) 3005:Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries 1507: 1493: 1473: 1459: 80: 13631: 12038: 11839: 11777:Shastry, Bhagamandala Seetharama (2000). 11628: 11220: 11094: 10765: 10723: 10705:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 9246: 9236: 9088: 9037: 9004:Early Modern Spain: A Documentary History 8766: 8550: 8532: 8499: 8434: 8386: 7950: 7887: 7838: 7836: 7791:Uyar, Mesut; J. Erickson, Edward (2003). 7772: 7438:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. 7364: 7277: 7112: 7011: 6999: 6915: 6758: 6599: 6597: 5574: 5303:was among the most powerful in the world. 4645:missionaries, followed the Portuguese to 4585: 4519:in 1529, and Islam spread further in the 3023: 2964:of April 1974 in Lisbon led to the hasty 2940:was normally exempt. In August 1961, the 12130:, Australian Centre for Sri Lankan Unity 12027: 11911: 11818: 11753: 11609: 11514: 11061: 10977: 10438: 10420:The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825 10375:Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1800 10330: 10309: 10134: 9732: 9720: 8719: 8607: 8583: 8544: 8520: 8493: 8356: 8344: 8274: 8078: 7923: 7696:Continuum International Publishing Group 7665: 7642: 7452: 7265: 7250: 7232: 7226: 6903: 6885: 6879: 6825: 6672: 6666: 6531: 6310:official languages of the United Nations 6115: 5931: 5919: 5743: 5698: 5695:Campaigns of Pacification and Occupation 5604: 5592: 5506: 5436: 5401: 5290: 5270: 5173: 5127: 5081: 5044: 4966: 4775: 4671: 4589: 4489: 4352: 4338: 4265:, claiming they were in his zone of the 4232: 4181: 4096: 4015: 3931: 3919: 3777: 3742:A Portuguese fleet under the command of 3723: 3604: 3552: 3461: 3411: 3273: 3165: 3079: 2712: 17676:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 16849: 14543:House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 14294:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 12122:Forts of the Spice Islands of Indonesia 11972: 11776: 11731: 11587: 11539: 11306: 11285: 11157: 11115: 10891:Jesus, Carlos Augusto Montalto (1902). 10807: 10786: 10677: 10658: 10522: 10351: 10256: 10232:Cold War: The Essential Reference Guide 9796: 9574: 9485: 9456: 9369: 9339: 9318: 9306: 9285: 9273: 9261: 9160: 9148: 9136: 9121: 9109: 8941: 8896: 8871: 8846: 8744:(in Dutch), Amsterdam: Cornelis Claesz. 8686:Bulletin of Portuguese/Japanese Studies 8634: 8368: 8130: 8058:. Oxford University Press. p. 14. 8041: 7983: 7911: 7754: 7677: 7485: 7465:. Oxford University Press. p. 37. 7431: 7214: 7199: 7175: 7139: 7088: 6957: 6801: 6795: 6728: 6621: 6579: 6537: 6061:, South Africa, and the United States. 5482:In 1755 Lisbon suffered a catastrophic 5071:against Spain since 1568. In 1581, the 4663:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 4653:to Asia and Africa with mixed success. 4424:In 1534, Gujarat faced attack from the 3613:Profiting from the rivalry between the 3298:pushed on almost as far as present-day 14: 17628: 12426: 11932: 11881: 11354: 11327: 11243: 11199: 11178: 11164:. University of North Carolina Press. 11040: 10480: 9473: 9444: 9417:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 59–61. 9410: 9000: 8651:. The Newberry Library. Archived from 8619: 8595: 8481: 8460: 8445: 8428: 8416: 8250: 8238: 8226: 8199: 8187: 7833: 7778: 7630: 7534:. Algarvedailynews.com. Archived from 7370: 7289: 6891: 6784:Os Descobrimentos e a Economia Mundial 6709: 6692:The World since 1500: a Global history 6678: 6627: 6594: 6588: 6573: 5251:including capturing Fort Jesus in 1698 4617:. At the same time Francisco Zeimoto, 4609:arrived in Goa at the service of King 4137:. The Portuguese also lost 2 ships at 3869:16th century heavy Portuguese carrack. 3576:, the capital of the kingdom ruled by 17076: 17050: 15556: 14815: 14789: 14339: 14323: 14009: 13888: 13630: 13141: 12846: 12425: 12175: 12163: 12137: 12000: 11915:Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500–1800 11419: 11264: 11019: 10957:Kozák, Jan; Cermák, Vladimir (2007). 10935: 10890: 10696: 10613: 10501: 10412: 10391: 10186: 9747:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.41 9735:"Decolonization in Portuguese Africa" 9661: 9648:Thomas, H.B., "The Kionga Triangle", 9381: 9094: 9043: 8908: 8646: 8556: 8505: 8392: 7995: 7689: 7653: 7636: 7238: 6963: 6831: 6807: 6734: 6603: 6175:Portuguese as their official language 4629:, where the locals were impressed by 4485: 4346:, one of the best-preserved forts in 3993:In April 1511, Albuquerque sailed to 3527:The Portuguese enter the Indian Ocean 2784:, and the power and influence of the 1488: 14422:Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 14019: 13898: 13640: 13151: 12856: 12816:) and small temporary coastal bases. 12435: 12185: 11798:de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan (2008). 11612:A History of Indonesia since c. 1300 11336:. Indiana University Press. p. 10998: 10909:Carlos Augusto Montalto Jesus Macao. 10165: 9797:Travels, Geographic (July 8, 2012). 9733:Oliveira, Pedro Aires (2017-05-24). 9586: 8816:The Worlds of the East India Company 8772: 8725: 8672: 8649:"Early Modern Ship-types, 1450–1650" 7615:. Smithsonianmag.com. Archived from 7595:, Cambridge University Press, 1978, 7458: 7313: 6786:, Arcádia, 1965, Vol 1 and 2, Lisboa 6715: 6189:, including the one utilized by the 5399:subjects in all European colonies. 4657:Colonization efforts in the Americas 4523:. Portugal responded by aiding king 4289:South Asia, Persian Gulf and Red Sea 3924:Second Portuguese governor of India 3598:, the Portuguese Empire created the 3223:Initial African coastline excursions 3092:and initiated the Portuguese Empire. 17746:Historical transcontinental empires 17584:History of the Mediterranean region 14775:His Most Faithful Majesty's Council 14325:Articles and topics related to the 11819:de Souza, Teotonio R., ed. (1990). 11614:(2nd ed.). London: MacMillan. 11461: 11440: 11244:Mathew, Kuzhippalli Skaria (1988). 9225:European Review of Economic History 9191:. New India Publishing. p. 8. 8887:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), p. 240. 8877: 8819:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 2. 8738:Van Linschoten, Jan Huygen (1596), 7718: 7377:. Aleph Book Company. p. 225. 7335:Quanchi, Max; Robson, John (2005). 7301: 6079:United Nations-sponsored referendum 6045:were accepted by Portugal in 1974. 5813:East African Campaign (World War I) 5503:Pombaline and post-Pombaline Brazil 5486:, which together with a subsequent 5245:, one of the most important of the 4997:Portuguese attack on Alcácer Quibir 4720:rights to the inner islands of the 4601:for a missionary expedition in Asia 4145:. In 1549 two Portuguese junks and 4101:The Portuguese visited the city of 3491:'s 1492 discovery for Spain of the 3011:for countries formerly part of the 2970:1975 annexation of Portuguese Timor 2966:decolonization of Portuguese Africa 2928:, the regime renamed its colonies " 24: 17706:1999 disestablishments in Portugal 14760:Family tree of Portuguese monarchs 14284:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire 12028:Whiteway, Richard Stephen (1899). 11762:. University of California Press. 11711:Scammell, Geoffrey Vaughn (1997). 11696:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 11677:. University of California Press. 11650:do Rosário Pimente, Maria (1995). 11397:de Oliveira Marques, A.H. (1972). 11101:. Educa Books, Facsimile edition. 10334:A History of Latin America to 1825 9843:from the original on 26 April 2023 8849:, pp. 73–74, 168–171, 226–231 8741:Itinerario, Voyage ofte Schipvaert 8275:de Abreu, João Capistrano (1998). 7341:. Scarecrow Press. p. xliii. 6452:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire 6131:(CPLP) serves as the cultural and 6039:invaded by India's military forces 5912:Transfer of sovereignty over Macau 5642:Cortes Constitucionais Portuguesas 5418:Minas Gerais and the gold industry 4676:The Portuguese mapped and claimed 4074: 3770:was partly explored by Cunha, and 3762:in 1507. Having failed to conquer 2946:Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá 2794:Portuguese sailors began exploring 2767:transfer of sovereignty over Macau 2757:. It was one of the longest-lived 929:Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá 25: 17757: 17666:Portuguese colonisation in Africa 14770:Style of the Portuguese sovereign 14745:Pantheon of the House of Braganza 12708:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin 12107:Dutch Portuguese Colonial History 12061: 11979:. University of Wisconsin Press. 11465:Historical Dictionary of Malaysia 11229:. University of Minnesota Press. 10644:. University of Minnesota Press. 10355:The Independence of Latin America 10277: 9950:from the original on 28 June 2022 9918:from the original on 27 June 2022 9805:from the original on May 29, 2023 9781:Dismantling the Portuguese Empire 9609:. Newforestexplorersguide.co.uk. 8909:Olson, James Stuart, ed. (1991). 6615: 6187:Portuguese-based creole languages 6168:Indonesian invasion of East Timor 6086:Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration 5772:and the Pink Map came to an end. 4973:Luso-Hispanic (or Iberian) Empire 4724:and also created a settlement on 4373:. In 1515, Afonso de Albuquerque 4273:reached the Moluccas, docking at 4239:establish trade routes with Japan 3417:Portuguese possessions in Morocco 2950:India annexed Goa, Daman, and Diu 1212:Imperial decline, war, and revolt 496:Indigenous people of the Americas 27:Colonial empire between 1415–1999 17736:1999 disestablishments in Europe 17691:Early modern history of Portugal 17569:Bibliography of European history 17164:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 15086: 14505: 14447:Transfer of the Portuguese court 14427:War of the Portuguese Succession 14289:Portuguese colonial architecture 13890:North America and North Atlantic 12754:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 12412: 12176: 11710: 11590:World History: A New Perspective 11271:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 11206:. University of Oklahoma Press. 10568:de Almeida, Miguel Vale (2004). 10310:Anderson, James Maxwell (2000). 10211:Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 2 10105: 10062:from the original on 15 May 2013 10032: 9996: 9971: 9962: 9930: 9880: 9855: 9829: 9790: 9774: 9726: 9700: 9689: 9642: 9624: 9599: 9580: 9542: 9354: 9345: 9324: 9291: 9212: 9077: 9066: 9049: 9028: 8981: 8968: 8935: 8915:. Greenwood Press. p. 204. 8902: 8852: 8748: 8731: 8666: 8640: 8466: 8398: 8148: 8072: 8047: 8018: 7956: 7532:"Tne Portuguese in the Far East" 6987: 6442:Portuguese colonial architecture 6416: 6403:remains an official language in 6393: 6373: 6333: 6317: 5422:In 1693, gold was discovered at 4963:War of the Portuguese Succession 4502:, 1593, coloured at a later date 4397:in 1516. In 1521 a force led by 3862: 3846: 3827: 3721:threats from the Mamluk sultan. 3044:, the gradual reconquest of the 2737:), was composed of the overseas 1442: 1332:Processo Revolucionário Em Curso 1167:War of the Portuguese Succession 1013: 961: 947: 933: 919: 905: 891: 877: 863: 849: 835: 821: 807: 793: 779: 765: 751: 726: 712: 698: 684: 670: 656: 642: 628: 614: 600: 586: 572: 558: 544: 530: 516: 502: 488: 474: 64: 17701:1415 establishments in Portugal 17671:Portuguese colonisation in Asia 17661:History of European colonialism 17594:History of Western civilization 17197:Christianity in the Middle Ages 14978:History of Portugal (1777–1834) 14477:Municipal Library Elevator Coup 14279:Armorial of Portuguese colonies 12034:. Archibald Constable & Co. 11867:(2 ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 11693:The Portuguese Empire 1415–1808 11566: 11503:from the original on 2023-01-11 11005:. University of Chicago Press. 10879:from the original on 2023-02-16 10751:. University Press of America. 10587:Davies, Kenneth Gordon (1974). 10298:from the original on 2023-07-03 9985:from the original on 2009-11-27 9912:"CPLP Histórico – Como surgiu?" 9869:from the original on 2011-07-20 9837:"East Timor: Birth of a nation" 9763:from the original on 2021-05-13 9706: 9695: 9652:Volume 31 1951, pp. 47–50. 9613:from the original on 2023-06-27 8942:Goodman, Grant K., ed. (1991). 8862:. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1957. 8704:from the original on 2023-03-30 7893: 7872: 7863: 7854: 7845: 7811: 7784: 7724: 7683: 7578: 7567:from the original on 2022-05-15 7549: 7524: 7515: 7506: 7400: 7391: 7355: 7319: 7047:from the original on 2014-05-14 7029: 6981: 6776: 6684: 6170:was not justified by Portugal. 5928:nation with overseas provinces. 5691:History of Portugal (1834–1910) 5381:families to be considered as a 5320:and in exchange Portugal ceded 5307:In 1661 the Portuguese offered 5267:History of Portugal (1777–1834) 5263:History of Portugal (1640–1777) 4923:, then established the city of 4515:defeated the Ethiopians in the 4186:A depiction, from 1639, of the 4036:on a diplomatic mission to the 3908:Adil Shahi–Portuguese conflicts 3902:Goa, Malacca and Southeast Asia 3367:War of the Castilian Succession 3139:, who had been involved in the 3115:History of Portugal (1415–1578) 3030:History of Portugal (1139–1415) 2765:in North Africa in 1415 to the 17438:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 17381:Christianity in the modern era 17152:Christianity in late antiquity 13142: 12009:. Facts on File, Inc. p. 11840:Stapleton, Timothy J. (2013). 11825:. Concept Publishing Company. 11573:. Cambridge University Press. 11519:. Cambridge University Press. 11122:. Cambridge University Press. 11070:. Cambridge University Press. 10865:. Cambridge University Press. 10832:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018). 10697:Dodge, Ernest Stanley (1976). 10682:. Cambridge University Press. 10663:. Cambridge University Press. 10586: 10377:. Cambridge University Press. 10358:. Cambridge University Press. 10316:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 10257:Brockey, Liam Matthew (2008). 10187:Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). 8860:The Dutch in Brazil, 1624–1654 8404:Metcalf (2005), pp. 36–37 7409:The Cambridge History of China 6609: 6013:regime in 1974. Known as the " 5802: 5178:The Portuguese victory at the 4508:Ethiopian (Abyssinian) Kingdom 4303:Portuguese invasion of Bahrain 4167:which they named as Folangji ( 3668:, Kannur), built a factory at 3306:was reached in the 1460s. The 3096:In 1415 an attack was made on 2908:Portuguese ambitions in Africa 13: 1: 17731:1415 establishments in Europe 17589:History of the European Union 13309:Portuguese Paliacate outpost 11861:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2012). 11738:. Unesp- Ceru. Archived from 11690:Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1998). 11671:Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1968). 11629:Rodriguez, Junius P. (2007). 11405:. Columbia University Press. 11313:. University of Texas Press. 11292:. University of Texas Press. 11041:Lisboa, Maria Manuel (2008). 10790:Japan and the Dutch 1600-1835 10597:University of Minnesota Press 10487:. Stanford University Press. 10481:Coates, Timothy Joel (2002). 10466:. Brill Academic Publishers. 10058:(www.search.unimelb.edu.au). 9589:"Ships hit during WWI: Dacia" 8945:Japan and the Dutch 1600-1853 7692:Interracial Intimacy in Japan 7371:Harris, Jonathan Gil (2015). 6507: 6204:in Europe, in several modern 6084:In 1987, Portugal signed the 5517:colonial territory in America 5450:(residents of São Paulo) and 5229:and the English in 1622, and 5075:gained independence from the 4995:'s death during a disastrous 4975:in 1598, during the reign of 4335:Gujarati-Portuguese conflicts 4173:Luso-Chinese agreement (1554) 3916:Acehnese-Portuguese conflicts 3731:Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai 1518:Portuguese colonial campaigns 14522:Portuguese House of Burgundy 14051:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil 13844: • 1938–1941 13821: • 1890–1999 13811: • 1851–1999 13801: • 1864–1999 13701: • 1578–1650 13688: • 1576–1605 13675: • 1522–1575 13600: • 1779–1954 13577: • 1687–1749 13514: • 1598–1610 13504: • 1579–1632 13480: • 1568–1659 13470: • 1559–1961 13457: • 1548–1658 13447: • 1540–1612 13434: • 1536–1662 13421: • 1535–1739 13398: • 1534–1661 13388: • 1534–1601 13378: • 1531–1571 13368: • 1531–1571 13352: • 1528–1666 13342: • 1523–1662 13318: • 1521–1740 13305: • 1518–1619 13272: • 1510–1961 13259: • 1507–1657 13246: • 1502–1661 13224: • 1502–1658 13210: • 1501–1663 13197: • 1500–1663 12092:Resources in other libraries 11973:Wheeler, Douglas L. (1998). 11843:A Military History of Africa 11754:Schwartz, Stuart B. (1973). 11420:Olson, James Stuart (1991). 11376:O'Flanagan, Patrick (2008). 11137:Malekandathil, Pius (2010). 11095:Macmillan, Allister (2000). 10766:Gipouloux, François (2011). 10147:Abeyasinghe, Tikiri (1986). 9650:Tanganyika Notes and Records 9382:Angus, William, ed. (1837). 8572:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8333:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8107:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8054:C. Bloomer, Kristin (2018). 7830:(Volume 6, Chapter 3, eText) 7065:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6928:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6820:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6550:Juang & Morrissette 2008 6512: 6353:Areas of influence and trade 6096:two years earlier regarding 6003:Movimento das Forças Armadas 5867:, a port city in modern-day 5768:was reluctantly accepted by 4979:, King of Portugal and Spain 4782:captaincy colonies of Brazil 4743:Binot Paulmier de Gonneville 3806:, resulting in the death of 3782:First viceroy of India, Dom 3458:Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) 2980:from the colonies. Portugal 2974:Portuguese colonial settlers 2948:, and in December that year 2882:(expanded inland during the 2714:[ĩˈpɛ.ɾjupuɾ.tuˈɣeʃ] 1294:Portugal during World War II 1122:Portuguese House of Burgundy 1092:Umayyad conquest of Hispania 7: 17548:Russian invasion of Ukraine 17159:Crisis of the Third Century 15582: 14011:South America and Caribbean 11954:Velupillai, Viveka (2015). 11355:Newitt, Malyn D.D. (2005). 11328:Newitt, Malyn D.D. (1995). 11265:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1980). 10623:. Oxford University Press. 10263:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 10214:. Oxford University Press. 10193:. Pearson Education India. 10149:Jaffna Under the Portuguese 9887:Macau and the end of empire 9288:, pp. 277–279, 283–284 8885:The Persian Gulf in History 7972:Heywood & Thornton 2007 7936:Heywood & Thornton 2007 6435: 6121:Monument of the Discoveries 5958:António de Oliveira Salazar 5937:António de Oliveira Salazar 5817:Portugal during World War I 5225:by a joint alliance of the 5180:Second Battle of Guararapes 4907:with the assistance of the 4605:In 1542, Jesuit missionary 3549:Portuguese presence in Asia 3208:'s travel 1497–1499 (black) 2917:(in office 1932–1968), the 2886:in the late 19th century), 2845:seized the Portuguese crown 1262:Portugal during World War I 873:Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli 375:End of Moroccan territories 10: 17762: 17741:2nd millennium in Portugal 17696:Modern history of Portugal 17636:Bahrain–Portugal relations 17604:Military history of Europe 17599:Maritime history of Europe 14452:Liberal Revolution of 1820 14442:Portuguese Restoration War 14159:Nova Colónia do Sacramento 13238:(Coulão / Kollam) 12309:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué 12102:Portuguese Empire Timeline 11912:Thornton, John K. (2000). 11515:Paquette, Gabriel (2014). 11307:Metcalf, Alida C. (2005). 11286:Metcalf, Alida C. (2006). 11158:Mancall, Peter C. (2007). 10978:Kratoska, Paul H. (2004). 10897:. Kelly & Walsh, ltd. 10787:Goodman, Grant K. (2000). 10151:. Lake House Investments. 9411:Levine, Robert M. (2003). 9360:Pequette, pp. 106–114 9063:(Baywolf Press) p. 35 9055:Portuguese Studies Review 8472:Metcalf (2005), p. 37 8169:Pickett & Pickett 2011 8154:Metcalf (2006), p. 60 8143:Herring & Herring 1968 7459:Ward, Gerald W.R. (2008). 7397:de Silva Jayasuriya, p. 87 7361:de Silva Jayasuriya, p. 86 6526:Page & Sonnenburg 2003 6043:São João Baptista de Ajudá 6023:Junta de Salvação Nacional 5901: 5898:Decolonization (1954–1999) 5806: 5684: 5666: 5646:Liberal Revolution of 1820 5578: 5281:Portuguese Restoration War 5260: 5153:Jan Huyghen van Linschoten 4960: 4957:Portuguese Restoration War 4942: 4660: 4529:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 4292: 4226: 4165:breech-loading swivel guns 4081:Chinese people in Portugal 4078: 3965:The initial capture of Goa 3912:Malay-Portuguese conflicts 3905: 3878: 3800:Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri 3530: 3481: 3435:that the Indian Ocean was 3194: Covilhã's travel to 3174: Pêro da Covilhã and 3122: 3112: 3027: 2936:, from which only a small 2906:led to the contraction of 2734:Império Colonial Português 2729:Portuguese Colonial Empire 1042:Roman conquest of Hispania 362:Portuguese Restoration War 255:• 1834–1835 (first) 213:• 1911–1915 (first) 17574:Genetic history of Europe 17556: 17361: 17177: 17117: 17084: 17018: 16970: 16487: 15891: 15590: 15514: 15430: 15347: 15338: 15263: 15254: 15170: 15161: 15104: 15095: 15084: 15051: 14836: 14827: 14677: 14555: 14514: 14503: 14492:Royalist attack on Chaves 14487:5 October 1910 revolution 14374: 14333: 14274: 14016: 14005: 13895: 13884: 13637: 13626: 13360:(Porto Grande De Bengala) 13148: 13137: 12853: 12842: 12432: 12421: 12410: 12182: 12171: 12126:Senaka Weeraratna, 2005, 12087:Resources in your library 11567:Pearson, Michael (1987). 11540:Pearson, Michael (1976). 10942:. Yale University Press. 10284:. Yale University Press. 10278:Abernethy, David (2000). 10140:General and cited sources 9707:Pearson 1987, p. 160 9696:Pearson 1987, p. 158 9550:"Portugal enters the war" 9512:10.1017/s0018246x0000532x 9001:Cowans, Jon, ed. (2003). 8948:. Routledge. p. 13. 8777:The Epic of Latin America 8761:, London: Hakluyt Society 6280:southern Italian dialects 6135:successor of the Empire. 6111: 5809:German campaign in Angola 5257:Second empire (1663–1822) 5069:struggle for independence 4987:invaded Portugal after a 4732: 4710:Newfoundland and Labrador 4667: 4469:The two failed sieges of 4428:and the Rajput states of 4395:Lopo Soares de Albergaria 3227:Fears of what lay beyond 3060:until the signing of the 1526: 977: 453: 449: 436: 423: 410: 397: 384: 371: 358: 345: 332: 319: 306: 293: 289: 281: 277: 265: 253: 249: 239: 235: 225:• 1996–1999 (last) 223: 211: 207: 197: 193: 181: 171:• 1415–1433 (first) 169: 165: 155: 132: 117: 107: 91: 79: 61: 56: 34: 15288:Exclusive Economic Zone 15175:Administrative divisions 14417:Battle of Alcácer Quibir 12039:Yamashiro, José (1989). 11732:Scarano, Julita (2009). 11221:McAlister, Lyle (1984). 11062:Lockhart, James (1983). 10999:Lach, Donald F. (1994). 10808:Goodwin, Stefan (2008). 10523:Corrado, Jacopo (2008). 10502:Cohen, Leonardo (2009). 10439:Boyajian, James (2008). 10352:Bethell, Leslie (1985). 10331:Bakewell, Peter (2009). 10166:Abir, Mordechai (1980). 9824:Arnold & Wiener 2012 8321:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8309:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8263:Diffie & Winius 1977 8215:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8119:Diffie & Winius 1977 8079:J. Russo, David (2000). 7486:Gleason, Carrie (2007). 7188:Diffie & Winius 1977 7152:Diffie & Winius 1977 7125:Diffie & Winius 1977 7101:Diffie & Winius 1977 7024:Diffie & Winius 1977 6976:Diffie & Winius 1977 6952:Diffie & Winius 1977 6940:Diffie & Winius 1977 6868:Diffie & Winius 1977 6856:Diffie & Winius 1977 6771:Diffie & Winius 1977 6704:Diffie & Winius 1977 6655:Diffie & Winius 1977 6643:Diffie & Winius 1977 6562:Diffie & Winius 1977 6102:one country, two systems 6019:National Salvation Junta 5821:Battle of the Lys (1918) 5663:Third empire (1822–1999) 5628:in place of his mother, 5395:and one of the first by 5354:Conspiracy of the Pintos 5182:ended Dutch presence in 4875:, which would be called 4647:violently and forcefully 4061:settlement in Chittagong 3541:Portuguese India Armadas 3109:First empire (1415–1663) 3019:History and colonisation 2576:Banda Oriental (1816–20) 2554:Banda Oriental (1776–77) 2507:Banda Oriental (1735–37) 2275:Cape of Good Hope (1630) 1047:Romanization of Hispania 401:Loss of Indian provinces 267:• 1995–1999 (last) 183:• 1908–1910 (last) 17579:History of Christianity 15003:Constitutional monarchy 14765:Portuguese Crown Jewels 14190:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro 14109: • 1621–1815 14096: • 1578–1607 14083: • 1572–1578 14070: • 1572–1578 14057: • 1549–1572 14044: • 1534–1549 13411: • 1535 13283: • 1512–1525 12951:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah) 11610:Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). 11592:. Chatto & Windus. 11588:Ponting, Clive (2000). 11570:The Portuguese in India 11332:A History of Mozambique 11250:. Mittal Publications. 11116:Mahoney, James (2010). 10724:Gallagher, Tom (1982). 10554:(Berghahn Books, 2020) 10508:. Harrassowitz Verlag. 10313:The History of Portugal 10056:University of Melbourne 9914:(in Portuguese). CPLP. 9173:Kozák & Cermák 2007 7860:Chesworth; Thomas p. 86 7690:Leupp, Gary P. (2003). 7026:, pp. 274, 320–323 6844:Gann & Duignan 1972 6424:Pillar of Vasco da Gama 6206:Indo-European languages 6007:Portuguese Colonial War 5904:Portuguese Colonial War 5836:Canadian Forestry Corps 5247:Portuguese–Safavid wars 4694:João Fernandes Lavrador 4440:was forced to sign the 4438:Bahadur Shah of Gujarat 4299:Capture of Ormuz (1507) 3819:Diogo Lopes de Sequeira 3754:at the entrance of the 3357:, and found a thriving 3009:Commonwealth of Nations 2954:Portuguese Colonial War 2934:system of forced labour 2843:(Philip I of Portugal) 2678:Guinea-Bissau (1963–74) 2205:Coromandel Coast (1619) 1338:Transition to democracy 1306:Portuguese Colonial War 1227:Constitutional Monarchy 1207:Great Lisbon earthquake 414:Portuguese Colonial War 260:Pedro de Sousa Holstein 17686:Portuguese Renaissance 17403:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 15306:Science and technology 14973:1761 Lisbon earthquake 14968:1755 Lisbon earthquake 14690:Kingdom of the Algarve 14650:Sintra National Palace 14472:31 January 1891 revolt 14412:Battle of Alfarrobeira 14366:Topics related to the 14180:Grão-Pará and Maranhão 13604:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 11890:. Simon and Schuster. 11783:. Concept Publishers. 11462:Ooi, Keat Gin (2009). 11441:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). 11382:. Ashgate Publishing. 11200:Marley, David (2008). 11179:Marley, David (2005). 11047:. Ashgate Publishing. 10984:. Taylor and Francis. 10730:. St. Martin's Press. 10678:Disney, A.R. (2009b). 10659:Disney, A.R. (2009a). 10398:. Palgrave Macmillan. 10392:Black, Jeremy (2011). 9662:Koffi, Ettien (2012). 9607:"Portuguese Fireplace" 9500:The Historical Journal 8773:Crow, John A. (1992). 7996:Pacey, Arnold (1991). 6487:Portuguese Inquisition 6124: 5970:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 5940: 5929: 5766:1890 British Ultimatum 5749: 5712: 5620:invaded Portugal, and 5613: 5610:Brazilian independence 5602: 5581:Independence of Brazil 5575:Brazilian Independence 5512: 5500: 5442: 5407: 5324:to the Spanish crown. 5304: 5276: 5243:1625 Battle off Hormuz 5187: 5171:into the East Indies. 5148: 5087: 5060: 5054:Philip III of Portugal 4991:brought about by King 4980: 4784: 4762:Martim Afonso de Sousa 4681: 4680:in 1499 and the 1500s. 4602: 4586:Missionary expeditions 4517:battle of Shimbra Kure 4503: 4362: 4357:Persian portrait of a 4350: 4295:Persian–Portuguese war 4271:García Jofre de Loaísa 4254: 4194: 4106: 4025: 3941: 3929: 3835:Portuguese discoveries 3787: 3739: 3672:in 1503. In 1505 King 3610: 3565: 3517:ground-breaking voyage 3479: 3420: 3283: 3271:were reached in 1445. 3210: 3119:Portuguese discoveries 3093: 3088:, in 1415, was led by 3024:Background (1139–1415) 2932:" while retaining the 2904:1890 British Ultimatum 2876:independence of Brazil 2869:independence movements 2820:reached what would be 2733: 2723: 2705: 2591:Mozambique (1847–1910) 2210:Persian Gulf (1621–22) 2108:Indian Ocean (1586–89) 1858:Indian Ocean (1538–60) 1658:Persian Gulf (1507–15) 1623:Indian Ocean (1505–17) 1157:Portuguese Renaissance 845:East Timor (1975–1976) 388:Independence of Brazil 98:(1415–1808; 1821–1999) 40: 17483:Industrial Revolution 16995:Medieval great powers 15008:Republican Revolution 14953:Treaty of Tordesillas 14938:Portuguese golden age 14923:1383–1385 interregnum 14750:Most Faithful Majesty 14620:Rio de Janeiro Palace 14497:Monarchy of the North 14407:Battle of Aljubarrota 13870:invasion by Indonesia 13632:East Asia and Oceania 12804:São Tomé and Príncipe 12577:Portuguese Mozambique 12534:Portuguese Gold Coast 11933:Treece, Dave (2000). 11882:Thomas, Hugh (1997). 11098:Mauritius Illustrated 10936:Kamen, Henry (1999). 10550:Curto, Diogo Ramada. 10135:Explanatory footnotes 9587:Helgason, Guðmundur. 9414:The History of Brazil 9351:Pequette, p. 106 9330:Paquette, p. 104 8647:Smith, Roger (1986). 7851:Appiah; Gates, p. 130 6497:Portuguese Surinamese 6492:Portuguese inventions 6358:Claims of sovereignty 6119: 5980:, which were quickly 5962:Indian Prime Minister 5935: 5923: 5880:São Tomé and Príncipe 5857:Versailles Conference 5793:Manuel II of Portugal 5785:Alfredo Luís da Costa 5747: 5702: 5685:Further information: 5669:Portuguese Mozambique 5608: 5596: 5579:Further information: 5553:Inconfidência Mineira 5510: 5495: 5440: 5405: 5341:Keladi Nayaka Kingdom 5294: 5274: 5261:Further information: 5177: 5131: 5085: 5048: 5026:, which held out for 4993:Sebastian of Portugal 4970: 4779: 4751:Treaty of Tordesilhas 4714:João Álvares Fagundes 4686:Treaty of Tordesillas 4675: 4593: 4493: 4356: 4342: 4267:Treaty of Tordesillas 4236: 4185: 4100: 4055:commanded a fleet to 4019: 3935: 3926:Afonso de Albuquerque 3923: 3889:Portuguese Chittagong 3781: 3748:Afonso de Albuquerque 3727: 3688:, where they founded 3608: 3556: 3497:Treaty of Tordesillas 3484:Treaty of Tordesillas 3468:Treaty of Tordesillas 3465: 3415: 3355:São Tomé and Príncipe 3336:Bartolomeo Marchionni 3277: 3169: 3083: 2993:constitutional status 2717:), also known as the 2470:East Africa (1696–98) 1728:Sri Lanka (1520–1658) 1257:Monarchy of the North 831:São Tomé and Príncipe 108:Common languages 18:The Portuguese Empire 17538:European debt crisis 17533:European integration 17473:Age of Enlightenment 17313:Republic of Florence 17005:European colonialism 16990:Ancient great powers 15502:World Heritage Sites 15038:Carnation Revolution 14635:São Cristóvão Palace 14467:Portuguese Civil War 14382:Battle of São Mamede 11020:Ladle, Jane (2000). 10414:Boxer, Charles Ralph 9896:, 18 December 1999. 9388:. Glasgow. pp. 9297:Paquette, p. 67 9188:Geomatics in Tsunami 8674:Puga, Rogério Miguel 7869:Newitt (2004), p. 86 7489:The Biography of Tea 6482:Portuguese in Africa 6160:overseas territories 6071:invaded by Indonesia 6015:Carnation Revolution 5908:Carnation Revolution 5840:Portuguese Fireplace 5770:Carlos I of Portugal 5717:European colonialism 5430:and Goiás led to a " 5192:Dutch–Portuguese War 5133:Joannes van Doetecum 5105:In 1592, during the 4989:crisis of succession 4953:Dutch-Portuguese War 4722:Gulf of St. Lawrence 4615:Apostolic Nunciature 4611:John III of Portugal 4599:John III of Portugal 4557:Paulo Dias de Novais 4533:battle of Wayna Daga 4415:island of Mozambique 4131:Battle of Sincouwaan 3948:with the capital at 3792:Sultanate of Gujarat 3784:Francisco de Almeida 3678:Francisco de Almeida 3674:Manuel I of Portugal 3586:Pedro Álvares Cabral 3489:Christopher Columbus 3269:Cape Verde Peninsula 3182:in 1487–1488 (green) 2962:Carnation Revolution 2960:regime in 1974. The 2818:Pedro Álvares Cabral 2755:Republic of Portugal 2747:overseas territories 2710:European Portuguese: 2683:Mozambique (1964–74) 2648:Mozambique (1917-18) 2643:Mozambique (1917–18) 2628:East Timor (1911–12) 2566:French Guiana (1809) 2415:2nd Sri Lanka (1654) 2410:1st Sri Lanka (1654) 1808:Moluccas (1530–1607) 1326:Carnation Revolution 1177:Dutch-Portuguese War 706:Ahmednagar Sultanate 664:Sultanate of Bijapur 427:Carnation Revolution 349:Dutch-Portuguese War 17656:Kingdom of Portugal 17503:Revolutions of 1848 17433:Early modern France 17214:Anglo-Saxon England 17119:Classical antiquity 17000:Modern great powers 14913:Kingdom of Portugal 14907:Manifestis Probatum 14740:Council of Portugal 14730:Portuguese nobility 14705:Portuguese Monarchs 14685:Kingdom of Portugal 14615:Quinta da Boa Vista 14600:Necessidades Palace 14397:Manifestis Probatum 14368:Portuguese monarchy 12523:(São Jorge da Mina) 12374:São João da Mamora 12216:(El Qsar es Seghir) 11656:. Edições Colibri. 10814:. Lexington Books. 10337:. Wiley-Blackwell. 10015:"língua portuguesa" 9943:Library of Congress 9238:10.1093/ereh/heu019 8574:, pp. 111, 117 7680:, pp. 175, 184 7103:, pp. 233, 235 5730:Hermenegildo Capelo 5387:Portuguese nobility 5295:Portuguese warship 5169:chartered companies 5123:Cornelis de Houtman 5109:, an English fleet 5032:Catherine de Medici 5016:Viceroy of Portugal 4949:Council of Portugal 4840:, making it at the 4623:Fernão Mendes Pinto 4359:Portuguese nobleman 4093:Portuguese Nagasaki 4089:Slavery in Portugal 3988:Vijayanagara Empire 3694:Lourenço de Almeida 3407:Tropic of Capricorn 3178:'s common route to 3137:Henry the Navigator 3090:Henry the Navigator 3036:Kingdom of Portugal 2926:pluricontinentalism 2884:Scramble for Africa 2786:Kingdom of Portugal 2751:Kingdom of Portugal 2719:Portuguese Overseas 2250:Persian Gulf (1625) 2220:Persian Gulf (1622) 2190:Persian Gulf (1614) 2128:Sri Lanka (1587–88) 2113:Persian Gulf (1586) 1983:Sri Lanka (1557–58) 1973:Gulf of Oman (1554) 1958:Persian Gulf (1551) 1823:Persian Gulf (1534) 1803:Persian Gulf (1529) 1449:Portugal portal 747:Portuguese Republic 692:Maratha Confederacy 482:Kingdom of Portugal 17609:Crusading movement 17513:Russian Revolution 17348:Hundred Years' War 17244:Maritime republics 17147:Early Christianity 17137:Hellenistic period 17094:Paleolithic Europe 15316:Telecommunications 14993:Liberal Revolution 14896:County of Portugal 14655:Vila Viçosa Palace 14585:Citadel of Cascais 14437:Forty Conspirators 14236:Portuguese Guiana 14200:Maranhão and Piauí 13848:Lapa and Montanha 13659:Portuguese Malacca 13545:Portuguese Ceylon 13499:(Portuguese India) 13337:(Portuguese India) 12968: • 12427:Sub-Saharan Africa 11958:. John Benjamins. 11084:MacQueen, Norrie. 10615:Davis, David Brion 10572:. Berghahn Books. 10561:2022-03-06 at the 10038:Velupillai, p. 519 9892:2015-10-16 at the 9632:"Battle of La Lys" 9447:, pp. 335–336 9372:, pp. 177–178 9321:, pp. 296–297 9309:, pp. 163–164 9276:, pp. 288–289 9264:, pp. 298–302 9151:, pp. 273–275 9139:, pp. 267–268 9112:, pp. 268–269 8858:Charles R. Boxer, 8547:, pp. 104–105 8347:, pp. 190–191 8335:, pp. 111–119 8241:, pp. 694–696 8109:, pp. 262–265 7986:, pp. 208–211 7926:, pp. 100–101 7826:2006-10-14 at the 7817:D. João de Castro 7769:, pp. 116–118 7767:Malekandathil 2010 7591:2022-12-13 at the 7374:The First Firangis 7316:, pp. 520–521 7280:, pp. 301–302 7154:, pp. 245–247 7142:, pp. 128–129 7127:, pp. 237–239 6978:, pp. 176–185 6502:Strait of Magellan 6477:Portuguese Armadas 6447:Edict of Expulsion 6343:Actual possessions 6125: 5941: 5930: 5750: 5713: 5705:St. Paul's College 5618:Napoleon Bonaparte 5614: 5603: 5513: 5443: 5408: 5305: 5297:Rainha de Portugal 5277: 5188: 5165:East India Company 5149: 5135:'s 1596 print of " 5088: 5061: 4985:Philip II of Spain 4981: 4877:France Antarctique 4842:Captaincy of Bahia 4785: 4726:Cape Breton Island 4682: 4613:, in charge of an 4603: 4595:St. Francis Xavier 4504: 4486:Sub-Saharan Africa 4419:Fort São Sebastião 4363: 4351: 4327:Portuguese Socotra 4279:Treaty of Zaragoza 4255: 4195: 4143:Dongshan Peninsula 4112:Rafael Perestrello 4107: 4026: 3942: 3930: 3893:Portuguese Malacca 3855:Códice Casanatense 3788: 3740: 3611: 3566: 3480: 3421: 3284: 3211: 3198:1490–†1530? (blue) 3094: 3034:The origin of the 3001:autonomous regions 2997:overseas provinces 2989:Azores and Madeira 2930:overseas provinces 2841:Philip II of Spain 2749:, governed by the 2724:Ultramar Português 2638:Angola (1914–1917) 2549:Angola (1774–1778) 2355:Malaysia (1640–41) 2295:East Africa (1632) 2215:Trincomalee (1622) 2185:Brazil (1612–1615) 1893:East Africa (1542) 1853:Brazil (1534–1536) 1798:East Africa (1528) 1713:East Africa (1517) 1638:East Africa (1507) 1618:East Africa (1505) 1147:Imperial expansion 1112:County of Portugal 1067:Visigothic Kingdom 1032:Prehistoric Iberia 580:Pre-colonial Timor 538:Sultanate of Kilwa 310:Sea route to India 17646:Portuguese Empire 17623: 17622: 17617: 17616: 17543:COVID-19 pandemic 17488:French Revolution 17463:Habsburg monarchy 17443:Cossack Hetmanate 17423:Portuguese Empire 17413:Absolute monarchy 17408:Thirty Years' War 17303:Holy Roman Empire 17228:Bulgarian Empire 17187:Early Middle Ages 17104:Bronze Age Europe 17078:History of Europe 17044: 17043: 16966: 16965: 16931:Polish–Lithuanian 16106:Gurjara-Pratihara 15550: 15549: 15510: 15509: 15334: 15333: 15250: 15249: 15237:Political parties 15190:Foreign relations 15157: 15156: 15119:Iberian Peninsula 15082: 15081: 14928:Treaty of Windsor 14783: 14782: 14725:Portuguese Cortes 14720:Portuguese Empire 14695:Kingdom of Brazil 14645:Santa Cruz Estate 14548: 14537:House of Braganza 14532:House of Habsburg 14387:Battle of Ourique 14327:Portuguese Empire 14317: 14316: 14270: 14269: 14264: 14263: 14257: 14256: 14205: 14204: 14164: 14163: 14131: 14130: 14001: 14000: 13995: 13994: 13986: 13985: 13940: 13939: 13880: 13879: 13863: 13862: 13856: 13855: 13838:Portuguese Macau 13830: 13829: 13783: 13782: 13753: 13752: 13622: 13621: 13616: 13615: 13609: 13608: 13594:Portuguese India 13586: 13585: 13571:Portuguese India 13563: 13562: 13526: 13525: 13489: 13488: 13327: 13326: 13181: 13180: 13171:Laccadive Islands 13133: 13132: 13127: 13126: 13120: 13119: 13017: 13016: 12838: 12837: 12828:Portuguese Angola 12821:Portuguese Guinea 12797: 12796: 12790: 12789: 12775:Portuguese Guinea 12759: 12758: 12725: 12724: 12680: 12679: 12650:Portuguese Angola 12549: 12548: 12544:Mascarene Islands 12408: 12407: 12402: 12401: 12395: 12394: 12291: 12290: 12259:1487–16th century 12165:Portuguese Empire 12073:Portuguese Empire 12068:Library resources 11965:978-1-85109-549-0 11946:978-1-85109-549-0 11925:978-1-135-36584-4 11897:978-0-684-83565-5 11874:978-1-118-27401-9 11853:978-0-313-39569-7 11642:978-1-85109-549-0 11475:978-0-8108-5955-5 11454:978-1-57607-771-9 11389:978-0-7546-6109-2 11347:978-0-253-34006-1 11320:978-0-292-70652-1 11299:978-0-292-71276-8 11278:978-81-207-0617-0 11192:978-1-57607-574-6 11054:978-0-7546-0720-5 10928:978-1-85109-441-7 10821:978-0-7391-5176-1 10758:978-0-7618-1520-4 10651:978-0-8166-0782-2 10579:978-1-78238-854-8 10529:. Cambria Press. 10515:978-3-447-05892-6 10452:978-0-8018-8754-3 10384:978-0-521-84644-8 10365:978-0-521-34927-7 10270:978-0-7546-6313-3 10242:978-1-61069-003-4 10200:978-81-317-3202-1 10098:978-1-60918-140-6 9968:de Almeida, p. 92 9675:978-1-934078-10-5 9424:978-1-4039-6255-3 9198:978-81-89422-31-8 8826:978-1-84383-073-3 8792:978-0-520-07723-2 8676:(December 2002). 8381:Russell-Wood 1968 8311:, pp. 255–56 8288:978-0-19-802631-0 8011:978-0-262-66072-3 7705:978-0-8264-6074-5 7499:978-0-7787-2493-3 7472:978-0-19-531391-8 7445:978-0-521-52403-2 7418:978-0-521-24333-9 7384:978-93-83064-91-5 7348:978-0-8108-6528-0 7164:Subrahmanyam 2012 6747:Russell-Wood 1998 6690:L.S. Stavrianos, 6141:Cantonese Chinese 6133:intergovernmental 6106:handover of Macau 6077:it until 1999. A 5954:enclaves in India 5916:Annexation of Goa 5715:At the height of 5677:Portuguese Guinea 5673:Portuguese Angola 5599:Portuguese Cortes 5561:French Revolution 5533:Marquis of Pombal 5208:São Jorge da Mina 5137:The Market of Goa 5020:Iberian peninsula 4857:Manuel da Nóbrega 4838:Bay of All Saints 4770:governor of India 4706:Miguel Corte-Real 4580:Kingdom of Mutapa 4442:Treaty of Bassein 4331:Portuguese Ceylon 4307:History of Kuwait 4251:Indian Christians 4216:Japanese pirating 4159:which they named 3969:Bijapur sultanate 3736:Portuguese Armada 3439:. Simultaneously 3401:, in present-day 3383:São Jorge da Mina 3381:decided to build 3237:Infante Dom Pedro 3086:Conquest of Ceuta 3070:Marinid Sultanate 3046:Iberian Peninsula 2978:mixed-race people 2810:Cape of Good Hope 2763:conquest of Ceuta 2706:Império Português 2698:Portuguese Empire 2693: 2692: 2606:Mozambique (1895) 2601:Mozambique (1895) 2425:Malabar (1658–63) 2320:Gold Coast (1637) 2260:Gold Coast (1625) 2148:India (1599–1600) 2048:Chaul (1570–1571) 2008:Gold Coast (1562) 1928:Insulindia (1545) 1778:Insulindia (1526) 1773:Insulindia (1525) 1768:Sumatra (1523–24) 1743:Insulindia (1521) 1603:India (1500–1513) 1556:Morocco (1463–64) 1483: 1482: 1356:COVID-19 pandemic 1288:Ditadura Nacional 1217:Transfer of Court 1202:House of Braganza 1162:Portuguese Empire 1107:Almoravid dynasty 1037:Pre-Roman Peoples 987: 986: 973: 972: 969: 968: 915:Dutch East Indies 739: 738: 720:Marinid Sultanate 650:Malacca Sultanate 608:Gujarat Sultanate 552:Kingdom of Maravi 524:Kingdom of Mutapa 440:Handover of Macau 297:Conquest of Ceuta 218:Manuel de Arriaga 122:Roman Catholicism 41:Império Português 36:Portuguese Empire 16:(Redirected from 17753: 17681:Overseas empires 17641:Christian states 17478:Great Divergence 17393:Age of Discovery 17338:Late Middle Ages 17308:High Middle Ages 17219:Byzantine Empire 17202:Christianization 17192:Migration Period 17127:Classical Greece 17099:Neolithic Europe 17071: 17064: 17057: 17048: 17047: 16847: 16846: 16512:Austro-Hungarian 16212:Chagatai Khanate 15577: 15570: 15563: 15554: 15553: 15530: 15523: 15345: 15344: 15291: 15278:Economic history 15261: 15260: 15168: 15167: 15102: 15101: 15090: 14901:Treaty of Zamora 14834: 14833: 14810: 14803: 14796: 14787: 14786: 14640:São Jorge Castle 14546: 14509: 14392:Treaty of Zamora 14360: 14353: 14346: 14337: 14336: 14321: 14320: 14304:Portuguese India 14252: 14239: 14226: 14216: 14215: 14213: 14173: 14172: 14170: 14142: 14141: 14139: 14114: 14101: 14088: 14075: 14062: 14049: 14031: 14030: 14028: 14020: 14007: 14006: 13961: 13951: 13950: 13948: 13910: 13909: 13907: 13899: 13886: 13885: 13851: 13841: 13840: 13836: 13798: 13797: 13794:Portuguese Macau 13791: 13779: 13778: 13770:Portuguese Timor 13762: 13761: 13759: 13706: 13693: 13680: 13652: 13651: 13649: 13641: 13628: 13627: 13597: 13596: 13592: 13574: 13573: 13569: 13548: 13528: 13527: 13521: 13493: 13492: 13464: 13441: 13428: 13405: 13361: 13331: 13330: 13312: 13298: 13287: 13266: 13253: 13252:(Cochin de Cima) 13239: 13228: 13217: 13204: 13194: 13193: 13190:Portuguese India 13187: 13175: 13163: 13162: 13160: 13152: 13139: 13138: 13028: 13027: 13025: 12973: 12901: 12878: 12868: 12867: 12865: 12857: 12844: 12843: 12785:Portuguese Congo 12768: 12767: 12765: 12744: 12734: 12733: 12731: 12721: 12691: 12690: 12688: 12675: 12663: 12610: 12560: 12559: 12557: 12524: 12511: 12489: 12477: 12447: 12446: 12444: 12436: 12423: 12422: 12416: 12390: 12377: 12364: 12351: 12338: 12337:(Souira Guedima) 12325: 12312: 12302: 12301: 12299: 12276: 12253: 12230: 12217: 12197: 12196: 12194: 12186: 12173: 12172: 12158: 12151: 12144: 12135: 12134: 12056: 12035: 12024: 12008: 11997: 11995: 11993: 11969: 11950: 11929: 11908: 11906: 11904: 11889: 11878: 11857: 11836: 11815: 11794: 11773: 11761: 11750: 11748: 11747: 11728: 11707: 11686: 11667: 11646: 11625: 11603: 11584: 11563: 11547: 11530: 11511: 11509: 11508: 11479: 11458: 11437: 11416: 11404: 11393: 11372: 11351: 11335: 11324: 11303: 11282: 11261: 11240: 11228: 11217: 11196: 11175: 11154: 11143:. Primus Books. 11133: 11112: 11081: 11069: 11058: 11037: 11026:. American Map. 11016: 10995: 10974: 10953: 10932: 10911: 10887: 10885: 10884: 10855: 10843: 10825: 10804: 10783: 10772:. Edward Elger. 10762: 10741: 10720: 10704: 10693: 10674: 10655: 10634: 10610: 10594: 10583: 10543:Crowley, Roger. 10540: 10519: 10498: 10477: 10456: 10435: 10423: 10409: 10388: 10369: 10348: 10327: 10306: 10304: 10303: 10274: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10225: 10204: 10183: 10162: 10128: 10127: 10125: 10124: 10109: 10103: 10102: 10087:(2nd ed.). 10078: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10067: 10048: 10039: 10036: 10030: 10029: 10027: 10026: 10017:. Archived from 10011: 10005: 10000: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9990: 9975: 9969: 9966: 9960: 9959: 9957: 9955: 9934: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9923: 9908: 9902: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9875: 9874: 9859: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9833: 9827: 9826:, pp. 11–12 9821: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9794: 9788: 9778: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9768: 9730: 9724: 9718: 9709: 9704: 9698: 9693: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9682: 9659: 9653: 9646: 9640: 9639: 9638:on June 3, 2007. 9634:. Archived from 9628: 9622: 9621: 9619: 9618: 9603: 9597: 9596: 9584: 9578: 9572: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9495: 9489: 9488:, pp. 48–61 9483: 9477: 9471: 9460: 9454: 9448: 9442: 9436: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9408: 9402: 9401: 9399: 9397: 9379: 9373: 9367: 9361: 9358: 9352: 9349: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9328: 9322: 9316: 9310: 9304: 9298: 9295: 9289: 9283: 9277: 9271: 9265: 9259: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9240: 9216: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9205: 9182: 9176: 9170: 9164: 9158: 9152: 9146: 9140: 9134: 9125: 9119: 9113: 9107: 9098: 9092: 9086: 9081: 9075: 9070: 9064: 9053: 9047: 9041: 9035: 9032: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9021: 8998: 8992: 8985: 8979: 8972: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8962: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8929: 8906: 8900: 8894: 8888: 8881: 8875: 8869: 8863: 8856: 8850: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8810: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8780: 8770: 8764: 8762: 8752: 8746: 8745: 8735: 8729: 8723: 8717: 8716: 8710: 8709: 8670: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8660: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8575: 8569: 8560: 8554: 8548: 8542: 8536: 8530: 8524: 8518: 8509: 8503: 8497: 8491: 8485: 8479: 8473: 8470: 8464: 8463:, pp. 91–92 8458: 8449: 8443: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8414: 8405: 8402: 8396: 8390: 8384: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8354: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8324: 8318: 8312: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8272: 8266: 8260: 8254: 8248: 8242: 8236: 8230: 8224: 8218: 8212: 8203: 8202:, pp. 76–78 8197: 8191: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8166: 8155: 8152: 8146: 8140: 8134: 8128: 8122: 8116: 8110: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8076: 8070: 8069: 8051: 8045: 8039: 8033: 8022: 8016: 8015: 8003: 7993: 7987: 7981: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7939: 7933: 7927: 7921: 7915: 7909: 7900: 7899:Cohen, pp. 17–18 7897: 7891: 7885: 7879: 7876: 7870: 7867: 7861: 7858: 7852: 7849: 7843: 7840: 7831: 7815: 7809: 7808: 7788: 7782: 7776: 7770: 7764: 7758: 7757:, pp. 74–82 7752: 7743: 7737: 7731: 7728: 7722: 7716: 7710: 7709: 7687: 7681: 7675: 7669: 7663: 7657: 7651: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7609: 7603: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7561:www.china.org.cn 7553: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7528: 7522: 7519: 7513: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7456: 7450: 7449: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7404: 7398: 7395: 7389: 7388: 7368: 7362: 7359: 7353: 7352: 7332: 7326: 7323: 7317: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7254: 7248: 7242: 7236: 7230: 7224: 7218: 7212: 7203: 7202:, pp. 34–45 7197: 7191: 7185: 7179: 7173: 7167: 7166:, pp. 67–83 7161: 7155: 7149: 7143: 7137: 7128: 7122: 7116: 7110: 7104: 7098: 7092: 7086: 7080: 7077:Abeyasinghe 1986 7074: 7068: 7062: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7052: 7033: 7027: 7021: 7015: 7009: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6967: 6961: 6955: 6949: 6943: 6937: 6931: 6925: 6919: 6918:, pp. 73–75 6913: 6907: 6901: 6895: 6889: 6883: 6877: 6871: 6865: 6859: 6853: 6847: 6841: 6835: 6829: 6823: 6817: 6811: 6805: 6799: 6793: 6787: 6780: 6774: 6768: 6762: 6756: 6750: 6744: 6738: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6713: 6707: 6701: 6695: 6694:(1966) pp. 92–93 6688: 6682: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6631: 6625: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6601: 6592: 6586: 6577: 6576:, pp. 15–17 6571: 6565: 6559: 6553: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6529: 6523: 6457:Goan Inquisition 6420: 6397: 6377: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6321: 6300:standard Italian 6286:), an orange is 6244:), and Romanian 5965:Jawaharlal Nehru 5926:pluricontinental 5853:Battle of La Lys 5681:Portuguese Timor 5657:Empire of Brazil 5212:northeast Brazil 5158: 5005:Spanish Habsburg 4931:rather than the 4917:José de Anchieta 4822:Native Americans 4411:Muqrin ibn Zamil 4405:, defeating the 4311:History of Qatar 4263:Moluccas islands 4199:Simão de Andrade 4192:Portuguese Macau 4119:Battle of Tunmen 4053:João da Silveira 4045:Jorge de Meneses 4034:Duarte Fernandes 4011:Francisco Serrão 4007:Antonio de Abreu 3881:Portuguese Macao 3866: 3850: 3831: 3796:Mamlûk Sultanate 3744:Tristão da Cunha 3580:, also known as 3568:The squadron of 3560:'s departure to 3537:Portuguese India 3429:Great Fish River 3395:Kingdom of Kongo 3375:Battle of Guinea 3296:Álvaro Fernandes 3251:Romanus Pontifex 3203: 3193: 3187: 3173: 3141:capture of Ceuta 3062:Treaty of Ayllón 2938:indigenous élite 2900:Portuguese Macau 2896:Portuguese India 2888:Portuguese Timor 2782:Age of Discovery 2759:colonial empires 2753:, and later the 2736: 2726: 2716: 2711: 2673:Angola (1961–74) 2668:Africa (1961–74) 2633:Angola (1914–15) 2618:Angola (1902–04) 2581:Brazil (1821–25) 2532:Brazil (1762–63) 2405:Brazil (1652–54) 2360:Angola (1641–48) 2310:Arabia (1633–43) 2058:Mangalore (1571) 1968:Arabia (1552–54) 1521: 1519: 1509: 1502: 1495: 1486: 1485: 1475: 1468: 1461: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1424:Madeiran history 1360: 1352: 1348:Financial crisis 1267:1926 coup d'état 1140:Age of Discovery 1127:1383–1385 Crisis 1102:Gharb Al-Andalus 1017: 1007: 989: 988: 965: 964: 951: 950: 937: 936: 923: 922: 909: 908: 895: 894: 881: 880: 867: 866: 853: 852: 839: 838: 825: 824: 811: 810: 797: 796: 783: 782: 769: 768: 755: 754: 743: 742: 734:Wattasid Dynasty 730: 729: 716: 715: 702: 701: 688: 687: 674: 673: 660: 659: 646: 645: 632: 631: 622:Kingdom of Kotte 618: 617: 604: 603: 590: 589: 576: 575: 562: 561: 548: 547: 534: 533: 520: 519: 510:Kingdom of Kongo 506: 505: 492: 491: 478: 477: 471: 470: 455: 454: 272:António Guterres 84: 68: 51: 43: 32: 31: 21: 17761: 17760: 17756: 17755: 17754: 17752: 17751: 17750: 17626: 17625: 17624: 17619: 17618: 17613: 17552: 17518:Interwar period 17493:Napoleonic Wars 17357: 17328:Mongol invasion 17281:Crown of Aragon 17173: 17113: 17109:Iron Age Europe 17080: 17075: 17045: 17040: 17029:American Empire 17014: 17010:African empires 16962: 16845: 16537:Central African 16483: 16301:Romano-Germanic 15887: 15621:Middle Assyrian 15594: 15586: 15581: 15551: 15546: 15533: 15526: 15519: 15506: 15482:Public holidays 15426: 15330: 15289: 15246: 15210:Law enforcement 15153: 15091: 15078: 15047: 14963:Restoration War 14823: 14814: 14784: 14779: 14673: 14625:Ramalhão Palace 14575:Bemposta Palace 14557: 14551: 14510: 14501: 14482:Lisbon Regicide 14370: 14364: 14329: 14318: 14313: 14266: 14265: 14250: 14237: 14224: 14209: 14166: 14135: 14112: 14099: 14086: 14073: 14060: 14047: 14024: 14012: 13997: 13996: 13959: 13944: 13903: 13891: 13876: 13875: 13864: 13849: 13837: 13832: 13792: 13787: 13772: 13768: 13755: 13704: 13691: 13678: 13645: 13633: 13618: 13617: 13593: 13588: 13570: 13565: 13546: 13520:(Machilipatnam) 13519: 13462: 13439: 13426: 13403: 13392:Salsette Island 13363: 13359: 13358: 13310: 13300: 13296: 13295: 13289: 13285: 13284: 13264: 13251: 13241: 13237: 13236: 13230: 13226: 13225: 13215: 13202: 13188: 13183: 13177: 13173: 13172: 13156: 13144: 13129: 13128: 13021: 12963: 12899: 12876: 12861: 12849: 12834: 12833: 12830:from the 1920s. 12798: 12761: 12742: 12727: 12717: 12684: 12673: 12659: 12608: 12553: 12522: 12509: 12485: 12473: 12440: 12428: 12417: 12404: 12403: 12388: 12375: 12362: 12349: 12336: 12323: 12310: 12295: 12274: 12251: 12228: 12215: 12214:Alcácer Ceguer 12190: 12178: 12167: 12162: 12098: 12097: 12096: 12076: 12075: 12071: 12064: 12059: 12053: 12021: 11991: 11989: 11987: 11966: 11947: 11926: 11902: 11900: 11898: 11875: 11854: 11833: 11812: 11804:. I.B. Taurus. 11791: 11770: 11745: 11743: 11725: 11704: 11664: 11643: 11622: 11600: 11581: 11560: 11527: 11506: 11504: 11497: 11476: 11455: 11434: 11413: 11390: 11369: 11348: 11321: 11300: 11279: 11258: 11237: 11214: 11193: 11172: 11151: 11130: 11109: 11078: 11055: 11034: 11013: 10992: 10971: 10950: 10939:Philip of Spain 10929: 10905: 10882: 10880: 10873: 10852: 10828:Gupta, Pamila. 10822: 10801: 10780: 10759: 10738: 10717: 10690: 10671: 10652: 10631: 10607: 10580: 10563:Wayback Machine 10537: 10516: 10495: 10474: 10453: 10432: 10406: 10385: 10366: 10345: 10324: 10301: 10299: 10292: 10271: 10247: 10245: 10243: 10222: 10201: 10180: 10159: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10131: 10122: 10120: 10111: 10110: 10106: 10099: 10091:. p. 129. 10079: 10075: 10065: 10063: 10050: 10049: 10042: 10037: 10033: 10024: 10022: 10013: 10012: 10008: 10001: 9997: 9988: 9986: 9977: 9976: 9972: 9967: 9963: 9953: 9951: 9936: 9935: 9931: 9921: 9919: 9910: 9909: 9905: 9894:Wayback Machine 9885: 9881: 9872: 9870: 9861: 9860: 9856: 9846: 9844: 9835: 9834: 9830: 9822: 9818: 9808: 9806: 9795: 9791: 9779: 9775: 9766: 9764: 9757: 9731: 9727: 9719: 9712: 9705: 9701: 9694: 9690: 9680: 9678: 9676: 9660: 9656: 9647: 9643: 9630: 9629: 9625: 9616: 9614: 9605: 9604: 9600: 9585: 9581: 9573: 9569: 9559: 9557: 9554:The Independent 9548: 9547: 9543: 9496: 9492: 9484: 9480: 9472: 9463: 9455: 9451: 9443: 9439: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9409: 9405: 9395: 9393: 9380: 9376: 9368: 9364: 9359: 9355: 9350: 9346: 9338: 9334: 9329: 9325: 9317: 9313: 9305: 9301: 9296: 9292: 9284: 9280: 9272: 9268: 9260: 9256: 9217: 9213: 9203: 9201: 9199: 9183: 9179: 9171: 9167: 9159: 9155: 9147: 9143: 9135: 9128: 9120: 9116: 9108: 9101: 9093: 9089: 9082: 9078: 9071: 9067: 9054: 9050: 9042: 9038: 9033: 9029: 9019: 9017: 9015: 8999: 8995: 8986: 8982: 8973: 8969: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8940: 8936: 8927: 8925: 8923: 8907: 8903: 8895: 8891: 8882: 8878: 8870: 8866: 8857: 8853: 8845: 8841: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8811: 8807: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8771: 8767: 8753: 8749: 8736: 8732: 8724: 8720: 8707: 8705: 8671: 8667: 8658: 8656: 8645: 8641: 8633: 8626: 8618: 8614: 8606: 8602: 8594: 8590: 8582: 8578: 8570: 8563: 8555: 8551: 8543: 8539: 8531: 8527: 8519: 8512: 8504: 8500: 8492: 8488: 8480: 8476: 8471: 8467: 8459: 8452: 8444: 8435: 8427: 8423: 8415: 8408: 8403: 8399: 8391: 8387: 8379: 8375: 8367: 8363: 8355: 8351: 8343: 8339: 8331: 8327: 8319: 8315: 8307: 8303: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8273: 8269: 8261: 8257: 8249: 8245: 8237: 8233: 8225: 8221: 8213: 8206: 8198: 8194: 8186: 8182: 8172: 8167: 8158: 8153: 8149: 8141: 8137: 8129: 8125: 8117: 8113: 8105: 8101: 8091: 8077: 8073: 8066: 8052: 8048: 8040: 8036: 8023: 8019: 8012: 7994: 7990: 7982: 7978: 7970: 7966: 7962:Goodwin, p. 184 7961: 7957: 7949: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7922: 7918: 7910: 7903: 7898: 7894: 7886: 7882: 7877: 7873: 7868: 7864: 7859: 7855: 7850: 7846: 7841: 7834: 7828:Wayback Machine 7816: 7812: 7805: 7789: 7785: 7777: 7773: 7765: 7761: 7753: 7746: 7740:O'Flanagan 2008 7738: 7734: 7729: 7725: 7717: 7713: 7706: 7688: 7684: 7676: 7672: 7664: 7660: 7652: 7643: 7635: 7631: 7622: 7620: 7611: 7610: 7606: 7593:Wayback Machine 7583: 7579: 7570: 7568: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7541: 7539: 7530: 7529: 7525: 7520: 7516: 7511: 7507: 7500: 7484: 7480: 7473: 7457: 7453: 7446: 7430: 7426: 7419: 7405: 7401: 7396: 7392: 7385: 7369: 7365: 7360: 7356: 7349: 7333: 7329: 7324: 7320: 7312: 7308: 7300: 7296: 7288: 7284: 7276: 7272: 7264: 7257: 7249: 7245: 7237: 7233: 7225: 7221: 7213: 7206: 7198: 7194: 7186: 7182: 7174: 7170: 7162: 7158: 7150: 7146: 7138: 7131: 7123: 7119: 7111: 7107: 7099: 7095: 7087: 7083: 7075: 7071: 7063: 7059: 7050: 7048: 7035: 7034: 7030: 7022: 7018: 7010: 7006: 6998: 6994: 6986: 6982: 6974: 6970: 6962: 6958: 6950: 6946: 6938: 6934: 6926: 6922: 6914: 6910: 6902: 6898: 6890: 6886: 6878: 6874: 6866: 6862: 6854: 6850: 6842: 6838: 6830: 6826: 6818: 6814: 6806: 6802: 6794: 6790: 6782:Godinho, V. M. 6781: 6777: 6769: 6765: 6757: 6753: 6745: 6741: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6714: 6710: 6702: 6698: 6689: 6685: 6677: 6673: 6665: 6661: 6653: 6649: 6641: 6634: 6626: 6622: 6614: 6610: 6602: 6595: 6587: 6580: 6572: 6568: 6560: 6556: 6548: 6544: 6536: 6532: 6524: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6467:Lusotropicalism 6438: 6431: 6421: 6412: 6398: 6389: 6378: 6369: 6365: 6364: 6360: 6359: 6355: 6354: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6344: 6340: 6338: 6329: 6322: 6158:) are the only 6146:Currently, the 6127:Presently, the 6114: 5943:In the wake of 5918: 5902:Main articles: 5900: 5828:Kionga Triangle 5823: 5807:Main articles: 5805: 5742: 5697: 5683: 5667:Main articles: 5665: 5591: 5577: 5505: 5420: 5337:Shivappa Nayaka 5301:Portuguese Navy 5269: 5259: 5156: 5073:Seven Provinces 4977:Philip I and II 4965: 4959: 4943:Main articles: 4941: 4929:ouvidor general 4735: 4670: 4665: 4659: 4588: 4488: 4480:Sinai Peninsula 4399:António Correia 4344:Portuguese Fort 4337: 4323:Portuguese Oman 4291: 4283:Bruneian Empire 4231: 4225: 4188:Macau Peninsula 4179:to Ming China. 4147:Galeote Pereira 4103:Nagasaki, Japan 4095: 4077: 4075:China and Japan 4038:Kingdom of Siam 3999:Malay Peninsula 3938:Estado da Índia 3918: 3904: 3899: 3879:Main articles: 3877: 3870: 3867: 3858: 3851: 3842: 3832: 3690:St. Angelo Fort 3551: 3531:Main articles: 3529: 3486: 3460: 3441:Pêro da Covilhã 3425:Bartolomeu Dias 3225: 3216:Pêro da Covilhã 3209: 3201: 3199: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3183: 3176:Afonso de Paiva 3171: 3127: 3121: 3113:Main articles: 3111: 3032: 3026: 3021: 2915:António Salazar 2806:Bartolomeu Dias 2709: 2694: 2689: 2653:Timor (1942–43) 2571:China (1809–10) 2502:India (1729–32) 2370:India (1644–45) 2335:India (1638–39) 2265:Malaysia (1628) 2195:Malaysia (1615) 2175:Malaysia (1606) 2170:Malaysia (1606) 2123:Malaysia (1587) 2118:Malaysia (1586) 2078:Malaysia (1575) 2073:Malaysia (1574) 2068:Malaysia (1573) 2063:India (1570–75) 2043:Goa (1570–1571) 1978:Pakistan (1557) 1963:Malaysia (1551) 1943:Malaysia (1547) 1923:Malaysia (1543) 1918:Ethiopia (1543) 1913:Ethiopia (1542) 1908:Ethiopia (1542) 1903:Ethiopia (1542) 1898:Ethiopia (1542) 1888:Ethiopia (1542) 1883:Ethiopia (1541) 1848:Moluccas (1536) 1843:Malaysia (1536) 1838:Malaysia (1535) 1828:Malaysia (1534) 1763:Malaysia (1523) 1723:Malaysia (1520) 1678:Malaysia (1511) 1522: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1479: 1443: 1441: 1429: 1428: 1419:Azorean history 1414: 1404: 1403: 1374: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1350: 1321: 1311: 1310: 1282: 1280:Second Republic 1272: 1271: 1247: 1237: 1236: 1232:1910 Revolution 1197:Restoration War 1192: 1182: 1181: 1142: 1132: 1131: 1087: 1077: 1076: 1027: 1005: 998: 962: 948: 934: 920: 906: 892: 878: 864: 850: 836: 822: 808: 794: 780: 766: 752: 727: 713: 699: 685: 671: 657: 643: 629: 615: 601: 587: 573: 559: 545: 531: 517: 503: 489: 475: 442: 429: 416: 403: 390: 377: 364: 351: 338: 325: 323:Colonial Brazil 312: 299: 268: 256: 241:Prime Ministers 226: 214: 184: 172: 151: 99: 87: 75: 74: 69: 52: 45: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17759: 17749: 17748: 17743: 17738: 17733: 17728: 17723: 17718: 17713: 17708: 17703: 17698: 17693: 17688: 17683: 17678: 17673: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17651:Former empires 17648: 17643: 17638: 17621: 17620: 17615: 17614: 17612: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17560: 17558: 17554: 17553: 17551: 17550: 17545: 17540: 17535: 17530: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17490: 17485: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17468:Russian Empire 17465: 17460: 17458:British Empire 17455: 17453:Dutch Republic 17450: 17448:Swedish Empire 17445: 17440: 17435: 17430: 17428:Spanish Empire 17425: 17420: 17418:Ottoman Empire 17415: 17410: 17405: 17400: 17395: 17390: 17389: 17388: 17378: 17373: 17367: 17365: 17359: 17358: 17356: 17355: 17350: 17345: 17340: 17335: 17333:Serbian Empire 17330: 17325: 17320: 17315: 17310: 17305: 17300: 17278: 17273: 17268: 17267: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17241: 17240: 17239: 17234: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17205: 17204: 17194: 17189: 17183: 17181: 17175: 17174: 17172: 17171: 17169:Late antiquity 17166: 17161: 17156: 17155: 17154: 17144: 17139: 17134: 17132:Roman Republic 17129: 17123: 17121: 17115: 17114: 17112: 17111: 17106: 17101: 17096: 17090: 17088: 17082: 17081: 17074: 17073: 17066: 17059: 17051: 17042: 17041: 17039: 17038: 17037: 17036: 17031: 17022: 17020: 17016: 17015: 17013: 17012: 17007: 17002: 16997: 16992: 16987: 16986: 16985: 16974: 16972: 16968: 16967: 16964: 16963: 16961: 16960: 16955: 16950: 16945: 16940: 16939: 16938: 16928: 16923: 16918: 16913: 16908: 16903: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16882: 16881: 16876: 16866: 16861: 16855: 16853: 16844: 16843: 16842: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16811: 16806: 16805: 16804: 16794: 16789: 16788: 16787: 16782: 16777: 16767: 16762: 16761: 16760: 16755: 16745: 16744: 16743: 16738: 16733: 16728: 16723: 16713: 16712: 16711: 16706: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16681: 16680: 16679: 16674: 16669: 16664: 16659: 16649: 16648: 16647: 16642: 16632: 16627: 16626: 16625: 16620: 16610: 16609: 16608: 16603: 16593: 16592: 16591: 16586: 16576: 16571: 16570: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16539: 16534: 16533: 16532: 16527: 16519: 16514: 16509: 16504: 16499: 16493: 16491: 16485: 16484: 16482: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16465: 16464: 16459: 16454: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16424: 16419: 16418: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16402: 16397: 16392: 16382: 16381: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16355: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16325: 16320: 16315: 16314: 16313: 16308: 16298: 16297: 16296: 16291: 16286: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16258: 16253: 16248: 16243: 16242: 16241: 16236: 16231: 16221: 16220: 16219: 16214: 16209: 16204: 16194: 16189: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16168: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16142: 16141: 16140: 16135: 16130: 16125: 16115: 16114: 16113: 16108: 16103: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16072: 16071: 16066: 16061: 16051: 16046: 16045: 16044: 16039: 16034: 16029: 16024: 16019: 16009: 16008: 16007: 16002: 15992: 15991: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15965: 15960: 15959: 15958: 15948: 15947: 15946: 15941: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15897: 15895: 15893:Post-classical 15889: 15888: 15886: 15885: 15884: 15883: 15873: 15868: 15867: 15866: 15861: 15851: 15850: 15849: 15839: 15838: 15837: 15832: 15827: 15822: 15817: 15812: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15791: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15765: 15764: 15763: 15758: 15748: 15743: 15742: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15700: 15699: 15694: 15692:Middle Kingdom 15689: 15679: 15674: 15673: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15652: 15651: 15650: 15648:Neo-Babylonian 15645: 15640: 15638:Old Babylonian 15630: 15629: 15628: 15623: 15613: 15608: 15602: 15600: 15588: 15587: 15580: 15579: 15572: 15565: 15557: 15548: 15547: 15545: 15544: 15539: 15532: 15531: 15524: 15516: 15515: 15512: 15511: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15504: 15499: 15494: 15489: 15484: 15479: 15474: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15458: 15457: 15447: 15442: 15436: 15434: 15428: 15427: 15425: 15424: 15419: 15414: 15409: 15404: 15399: 15394: 15389: 15384: 15379: 15374: 15369: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15348: 15342: 15336: 15335: 15332: 15331: 15329: 15328: 15323: 15318: 15313: 15311:Stock Exchange 15308: 15303: 15298: 15293: 15285: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15264: 15258: 15252: 15251: 15248: 15247: 15245: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15223: 15222: 15212: 15207: 15202: 15197: 15192: 15187: 15182: 15177: 15171: 15165: 15159: 15158: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15105: 15099: 15093: 15092: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15079: 15077: 15076: 15071: 15066: 15061: 15055: 15053: 15049: 15048: 15046: 15045: 15043:Third Republic 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15020: 15015: 15013:First Republic 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14983:Peninsular War 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14888: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14842: 14840: 14831: 14825: 14824: 14813: 14812: 14805: 14798: 14790: 14781: 14780: 14778: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14681: 14679: 14675: 14674: 14672: 14671: 14664: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14630:Ribeira Palace 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14561: 14559: 14553: 14552: 14550: 14549: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14518: 14516: 14512: 14511: 14504: 14502: 14500: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14402:1383–85 Crisis 14399: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14378: 14376: 14372: 14371: 14363: 14362: 14355: 14348: 14340: 14334: 14331: 14330: 14315: 14314: 14312: 14311: 14306: 14301: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14281: 14275: 14272: 14271: 14268: 14267: 14262: 14261: 14255: 14254: 14246: 14242: 14241: 14233: 14229: 14228: 14220: 14206: 14203: 14202: 14197: 14193: 14192: 14187: 14183: 14182: 14177: 14162: 14161: 14156: 14152: 14151: 14146: 14132: 14129: 14128: 14123: 14119: 14118: 14110: 14106: 14105: 14097: 14093: 14092: 14090:Rio de Janeiro 14084: 14080: 14079: 14071: 14067: 14066: 14058: 14054: 14053: 14045: 14041: 14040: 14035: 14018: 14017: 14014: 14013: 14003: 14002: 13999: 13998: 13993: 13992: 13987: 13984: 13983: 13978: 13974: 13973: 13968: 13964: 13963: 13960:(Newfoundland) 13955: 13941: 13938: 13937: 13928: 13924: 13923: 13914: 13897: 13896: 13893: 13892: 13882: 13881: 13878: 13877: 13874: 13873: 13865: 13861: 13860: 13854: 13853: 13845: 13828: 13827: 13822: 13818: 13817: 13812: 13808: 13807: 13802: 13784: 13781: 13780: 13766: 13751: 13750: 13745: 13741: 13740: 13735: 13731: 13730: 13725: 13721: 13720: 13715: 13711: 13710: 13702: 13698: 13697: 13689: 13685: 13684: 13676: 13672: 13671: 13666: 13662: 13661: 13656: 13639: 13638: 13635: 13634: 13624: 13623: 13620: 13619: 13614: 13613: 13607: 13606: 13601: 13584: 13583: 13578: 13561: 13560: 13555: 13551: 13550: 13542: 13538: 13537: 13532: 13524: 13523: 13515: 13511: 13510: 13505: 13501: 13500: 13497: 13490: 13487: 13486: 13481: 13477: 13476: 13471: 13467: 13466: 13458: 13454: 13453: 13448: 13444: 13443: 13435: 13431: 13430: 13422: 13418: 13417: 13412: 13408: 13407: 13399: 13395: 13394: 13389: 13385: 13384: 13379: 13375: 13374: 13369: 13365: 13364: 13355: 13353: 13349: 13348: 13343: 13339: 13338: 13335: 13328: 13325: 13324: 13319: 13315: 13314: 13306: 13302: 13301: 13292: 13290: 13282: 13279: 13278: 13273: 13269: 13268: 13260: 13256: 13255: 13247: 13243: 13242: 13233: 13231: 13223: 13220: 13219: 13211: 13207: 13206: 13198: 13179: 13178: 13169: 13167: 13150: 13149: 13146: 13145: 13135: 13134: 13131: 13130: 13125: 13124: 13118: 13117: 13112: 13108: 13107: 13102: 13098: 13097: 13092: 13088: 13087: 13082: 13078: 13077: 13072: 13068: 13067: 13062: 13058: 13057: 13052: 13048: 13047: 13042: 13038: 13037: 13032: 13018: 13015: 13014: 13009: 13005: 13004: 12999: 12995: 12994: 12989: 12985: 12984: 12979: 12975: 12974: 12958: 12954: 12953: 12948: 12944: 12943: 12938: 12934: 12933: 12928: 12924: 12923: 12918: 12914: 12913: 12908: 12904: 12903: 12895: 12891: 12890: 12885: 12881: 12880: 12877:(Bandar Abbas) 12872: 12855: 12854: 12851: 12850: 12840: 12839: 12836: 12835: 12832: 12831: 12824: 12817: 12810: 12807: 12799: 12795: 12794: 12788: 12787: 12782: 12778: 12777: 12772: 12757: 12756: 12751: 12747: 12746: 12738: 12723: 12722: 12715: 12711: 12710: 12705: 12701: 12700: 12695: 12681: 12678: 12677: 12669: 12665: 12664: 12657: 12653: 12652: 12647: 12643: 12642: 12637: 12633: 12632: 12627: 12623: 12622: 12617: 12613: 12612: 12604: 12600: 12599: 12594: 12590: 12589: 12584: 12580: 12579: 12574: 12570: 12569: 12564: 12550: 12547: 12546: 12541: 12537: 12536: 12531: 12527: 12526: 12518: 12514: 12513: 12505: 12501: 12500: 12495: 12491: 12490: 12483: 12479: 12478: 12471: 12467: 12466: 12461: 12457: 12456: 12451: 12434: 12433: 12430: 12429: 12419: 12418: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12405: 12400: 12399: 12393: 12392: 12384: 12380: 12379: 12371: 12367: 12366: 12358: 12354: 12353: 12345: 12341: 12340: 12332: 12328: 12327: 12319: 12315: 12314: 12306: 12292: 12289: 12288: 12283: 12279: 12278: 12270: 12266: 12265: 12260: 12256: 12255: 12247: 12243: 12242: 12237: 12233: 12232: 12224: 12220: 12219: 12211: 12207: 12206: 12201: 12184: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12169: 12168: 12161: 12160: 12153: 12146: 12138: 12132: 12131: 12124: 12119: 12117:Thomas Kitchin 12110: 12104: 12095: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12078: 12077: 12066: 12065: 12063: 12062:External links 12060: 12058: 12057: 12051: 12036: 12025: 12019: 11998: 11985: 11970: 11964: 11951: 11945: 11930: 11924: 11909: 11896: 11879: 11873: 11858: 11852: 11837: 11831: 11816: 11811:978-1845115852 11810: 11795: 11790:978-8170228486 11789: 11774: 11769:978-0520021952 11768: 11751: 11729: 11723: 11708: 11702: 11687: 11668: 11662: 11647: 11641: 11626: 11620: 11607: 11604: 11598: 11585: 11579: 11564: 11559:978-0520028098 11558: 11537: 11534:Panikkar, K.M. 11531: 11526:978-1107640764 11525: 11512: 11495: 11480: 11474: 11459: 11453: 11438: 11432: 11417: 11412:978-0231031592 11411: 11394: 11388: 11373: 11367: 11352: 11346: 11325: 11319: 11304: 11298: 11283: 11277: 11262: 11257:978-8170990468 11256: 11241: 11235: 11218: 11213:978-1598841008 11212: 11197: 11191: 11176: 11170: 11155: 11150:978-9380607016 11149: 11134: 11128: 11113: 11107: 11092: 11082: 11076: 11059: 11053: 11038: 11032: 11017: 11011: 10996: 10991:978-0415215404 10990: 10975: 10969: 10954: 10948: 10933: 10927: 10912: 10903: 10894:Historic Macao 10888: 10871: 10856: 10850: 10833: 10826: 10820: 10805: 10800:978-0700712205 10799: 10784: 10779:978-0857934260 10778: 10763: 10757: 10742: 10736: 10721: 10716:978-0816607884 10715: 10694: 10689:978-0521738224 10688: 10675: 10670:978-0521843188 10669: 10656: 10650: 10635: 10629: 10611: 10605: 10584: 10578: 10565: 10548: 10541: 10535: 10520: 10514: 10499: 10493: 10478: 10473:978-9004297203 10472: 10457: 10451: 10436: 10430: 10424:. Hutchinson. 10410: 10404: 10389: 10383: 10370: 10364: 10349: 10344:978-1405183680 10343: 10328: 10322: 10307: 10290: 10275: 10269: 10254: 10241: 10226: 10220: 10205: 10199: 10184: 10179:978-0714631646 10178: 10163: 10158:978-9555520003 10157: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10130: 10129: 10104: 10097: 10089:Guilford Press 10073: 10040: 10031: 10006: 9995: 9970: 9961: 9929: 9903: 9879: 9854: 9828: 9816: 9789: 9787:(July 7, 1975) 9773: 9755: 9725: 9710: 9699: 9688: 9674: 9654: 9641: 9623: 9598: 9579: 9567: 9556:. Oct 26, 1914 9541: 9490: 9478: 9461: 9449: 9437: 9423: 9403: 9374: 9362: 9353: 9344: 9332: 9323: 9311: 9299: 9290: 9278: 9266: 9254: 9211: 9197: 9177: 9165: 9153: 9141: 9126: 9114: 9099: 9087: 9076: 9065: 9048: 9036: 9027: 9013: 8993: 8980: 8967: 8955:978-0700712205 8954: 8934: 8922:978-0313262579 8921: 8901: 8889: 8876: 8864: 8851: 8839: 8825: 8805: 8791: 8765: 8747: 8730: 8718: 8665: 8639: 8624: 8612: 8600: 8588: 8576: 8561: 8549: 8537: 8533:Gallagher 1982 8525: 8510: 8498: 8486: 8474: 8465: 8450: 8433: 8421: 8406: 8397: 8385: 8373: 8361: 8349: 8337: 8325: 8313: 8301: 8287: 8267: 8255: 8243: 8231: 8219: 8204: 8192: 8180: 8156: 8147: 8135: 8123: 8111: 8099: 8089: 8071: 8064: 8046: 8034: 8017: 8010: 7988: 7976: 7964: 7955: 7951:Stapleton 2013 7940: 7928: 7916: 7901: 7892: 7888:Stapleton 2013 7880: 7871: 7862: 7853: 7844: 7832: 7810: 7803: 7783: 7771: 7759: 7744: 7732: 7723: 7721:, p. 1340 7711: 7704: 7698:. p. 35. 7682: 7670: 7658: 7641: 7629: 7604: 7577: 7548: 7523: 7514: 7505: 7498: 7478: 7471: 7451: 7444: 7424: 7417: 7399: 7390: 7383: 7363: 7354: 7347: 7327: 7318: 7306: 7294: 7282: 7278:Gipouloux 2011 7270: 7255: 7243: 7231: 7219: 7204: 7192: 7180: 7168: 7156: 7144: 7129: 7117: 7113:Macmillan 2000 7105: 7093: 7081: 7069: 7057: 7041:Kerala Tourism 7028: 7016: 7012:McAlister 1984 7004: 7000:McAlister 1984 6992: 6980: 6968: 6956: 6944: 6932: 6920: 6916:McAlister 1984 6908: 6896: 6884: 6872: 6870:, p. 161. 6860: 6848: 6836: 6824: 6812: 6800: 6788: 6775: 6763: 6759:Rodriguez 2007 6751: 6739: 6727: 6708: 6696: 6683: 6671: 6659: 6647: 6632: 6620: 6608: 6593: 6578: 6566: 6554: 6542: 6530: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6432: 6422: 6415: 6413: 6399: 6392: 6390: 6379: 6372: 6370: 6339: 6332: 6330: 6323: 6316: 6228:), Macedonian 6156:Savage Islands 6113: 6110: 6073:, which later 6048:Civil wars in 5899: 5896: 5861:uti possidetis 5804: 5801: 5741: 5738: 5703:The façade of 5664: 5661: 5576: 5573: 5565:"second Haiti" 5504: 5501: 5459:46%) in 1760. 5419: 5416: 5333:Maratha Empire 5286:Salvador de Sá 5258: 5255: 5237:would capture 5107:war with Spain 5065:Dutch Republic 5058:Dutch Republic 4983:In 1580, King 4940: 4937: 4925:Rio de Janeiro 4901:Flamengo Beach 4807:João de Barros 4800:islands. Each 4739:Gonçalo Coelho 4734: 4731: 4669: 4666: 4661:Main article: 4658: 4655: 4607:Francis Xavier 4587: 4584: 4513:Adal Sultanate 4500:Theodor de Bry 4487: 4484: 4371:Ottoman Empire 4361:(16th century) 4290: 4287: 4227:Main article: 4224: 4221: 4076: 4073: 3903: 3900: 3885:History of Goa 3876: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3868: 3861: 3859: 3852: 3845: 3843: 3833: 3826: 3714:Jaffna kingdom 3615:ruler of Kochi 3528: 3525: 3482:Main article: 3459: 3456: 3347:Gulf of Guinea 3321:and (largely) 3304:Gulf of Guinea 3224: 3221: 3200: 3190: 3184: 3170: 3110: 3107: 3028:Main article: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3013:British Empire 2857:Dutch Republic 2849:historiography 2812:, and in 1498 2691: 2690: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2544:Morocco (1769) 2541: 2540: 2539: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2350:Morocco (1640) 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2270:Malacca (1629) 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2165:Sumatra (1606) 2162: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2138:Senegal (1589) 2135: 2133:Mombasa (1589) 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2083:Morocco (1578) 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2053:Honavar (1571) 2050: 2045: 2040: 2038:Sumatra (1569) 2035: 2033:Malacca (1568) 2030: 2025: 2020: 2018:Morocco (1564) 2015: 2013:Morocco (1562) 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1878:Red Sea (1541) 1875: 1873:Red Sea (1541) 1870: 1868:Red Sea (1541) 1865: 1863:Red Sea (1541) 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1818:Morocco (1533) 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1793:Sumatra (1528) 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1753:Sumatra (1522) 1750: 1745: 1740: 1738:Bahrain (1521) 1735: 1733:Sumatra (1521) 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1708:Morocco (1516) 1705: 1703:Morocco (1515) 1700: 1698:Morocco (1515) 1695: 1693:Morocco (1514) 1690: 1688:Morocco (1514) 1685: 1683:Morocco (1513) 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1648:Socotra (1507) 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1608:Algeria (1501) 1605: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1591:Morocco (1490) 1588: 1586:Morocco (1489) 1583: 1581:Morocco (1487) 1578: 1573: 1571:Morocco (1471) 1568: 1566:Morocco (1471) 1563: 1561:Morocco (1468) 1558: 1553: 1551:Morocco (1458) 1548: 1546:Morocco (1437) 1543: 1541:Morocco (1419) 1538: 1536:Morocco (1415) 1532: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1512: 1511: 1504: 1497: 1489: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1470: 1463: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1438: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1415: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1375: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1353: 1345: 1343:Third Republic 1340: 1335: 1328: 1322: 1319:Third Republic 1317: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1296: 1291: 1283: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1252:First Republic 1248: 1245:First Republic 1243: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1193: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1062:Suebic Kingdom 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1028: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1010: 1009: 1000: 999: 992: 985: 984: 979: 975: 974: 971: 970: 967: 966: 959: 953: 952: 945: 943:Spanish Guinea 939: 938: 931: 925: 924: 917: 911: 910: 903: 897: 896: 889: 883: 882: 875: 869: 868: 861: 855: 854: 847: 841: 840: 833: 827: 826: 819: 813: 812: 805: 799: 798: 791: 785: 784: 777: 771: 770: 763: 757: 756: 749: 740: 737: 736: 731: 723: 722: 717: 709: 708: 703: 695: 694: 689: 681: 680: 675: 667: 666: 661: 653: 652: 647: 639: 638: 636:Jaffna Kingdom 633: 625: 624: 619: 611: 610: 605: 597: 596: 591: 583: 582: 577: 569: 568: 563: 555: 554: 549: 541: 540: 535: 527: 526: 521: 513: 512: 507: 499: 498: 493: 485: 484: 479: 467: 466: 461: 451: 450: 447: 446: 443: 437: 434: 433: 430: 424: 421: 420: 417: 411: 408: 407: 404: 398: 395: 394: 391: 385: 382: 381: 378: 372: 369: 368: 365: 359: 356: 355: 352: 346: 343: 342: 339: 333: 330: 329: 326: 320: 317: 316: 313: 307: 304: 303: 300: 294: 291: 290: 287: 286: 283: 279: 278: 275: 274: 269: 266: 263: 262: 257: 254: 251: 250: 247: 246: 243: 237: 236: 233: 232: 227: 224: 221: 220: 215: 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 201: 195: 194: 191: 190: 185: 182: 179: 178: 173: 170: 167: 166: 163: 162: 159: 153: 152: 150: 149: 143: 136: 134: 130: 129: 119: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 101:Rio de Janeiro 93: 89: 88: 85: 77: 76: 70: 63: 62: 59: 58: 54: 53: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17758: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17737: 17734: 17732: 17729: 17727: 17724: 17722: 17719: 17717: 17714: 17712: 17709: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17697: 17694: 17692: 17689: 17687: 17684: 17682: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17672: 17669: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17633: 17631: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17564:Art of Europe 17562: 17561: 17559: 17555: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17541: 17539: 17536: 17534: 17531: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17501: 17499: 17496: 17494: 17491: 17489: 17486: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17466: 17464: 17461: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17451: 17449: 17446: 17444: 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17396: 17394: 17391: 17387: 17384: 17383: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17368: 17366: 17364: 17363:Modern period 17360: 17354: 17351: 17349: 17346: 17344: 17341: 17339: 17336: 17334: 17331: 17329: 17326: 17324: 17321: 17319: 17316: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17298: 17294: 17290: 17286: 17282: 17279: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17269: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17246: 17245: 17242: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17229: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17203: 17200: 17199: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17184: 17182: 17180: 17176: 17170: 17167: 17165: 17162: 17160: 17157: 17153: 17150: 17149: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17124: 17122: 17120: 17116: 17110: 17107: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17097: 17095: 17092: 17091: 17089: 17087: 17083: 17079: 17072: 17067: 17065: 17060: 17058: 17053: 17052: 17049: 17035: 17034:Soviet empire 17032: 17030: 17027: 17026: 17024: 17023: 17021: 17019:Miscellaneous 17017: 17011: 17008: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16984: 16981: 16980: 16979: 16976: 16975: 16973: 16969: 16959: 16956: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16941: 16937: 16934: 16933: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16917: 16914: 16912: 16909: 16907: 16904: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16871: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16856: 16854: 16852: 16848: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16816: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16803: 16800: 16799: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16790: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16773: 16772: 16771: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16750: 16749: 16746: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16718: 16717: 16714: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16701: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16685: 16682: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16668: 16665: 16663: 16660: 16658: 16655: 16654: 16653: 16650: 16646: 16643: 16641: 16638: 16637: 16636: 16633: 16631: 16628: 16624: 16621: 16619: 16618:German Empire 16616: 16615: 16614: 16611: 16607: 16604: 16602: 16599: 16598: 16597: 16594: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16581: 16580: 16577: 16575: 16572: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16545: 16544: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16535: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16523: 16522: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16498: 16495: 16494: 16492: 16490: 16486: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16463: 16460: 16458: 16455: 16453: 16450: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16429: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16391: 16388: 16387: 16386: 16383: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16360: 16359: 16358:Turco-Persian 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16321: 16319: 16316: 16312: 16309: 16307: 16304: 16303: 16302: 16299: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16270: 16267: 16266: 16265: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16226: 16225: 16222: 16218: 16215: 16213: 16210: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16199: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16147: 16146: 16143: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16120: 16119: 16116: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16098: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16056: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16043: 16040: 16038: 16035: 16033: 16030: 16028: 16025: 16023: 16020: 16018: 16015: 16014: 16013: 16010: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15998: 15997: 15996: 15993: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15970: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15957: 15954: 15953: 15952: 15949: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15936: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15898: 15896: 15894: 15890: 15882: 15879: 15878: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15856: 15855: 15852: 15848: 15845: 15844: 15843: 15840: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15807: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15770: 15769: 15766: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15753: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15716: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15698: 15695: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15684: 15683: 15680: 15678: 15675: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15657: 15656: 15653: 15649: 15646: 15644: 15641: 15639: 15636: 15635: 15634: 15631: 15627: 15624: 15622: 15619: 15618: 15617: 15614: 15612: 15609: 15607: 15604: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15593: 15589: 15585: 15578: 15573: 15571: 15566: 15564: 15559: 15558: 15555: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15534: 15529: 15525: 15522: 15518: 15517: 15513: 15503: 15500: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15456: 15453: 15452: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15437: 15435: 15433: 15429: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15415: 15413: 15410: 15408: 15405: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15393: 15390: 15388: 15385: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15349: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15337: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15279: 15276: 15274: 15271: 15269: 15266: 15265: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15253: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15221: 15218: 15217: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15172: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15160: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15106: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15094: 15089: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15056: 15054: 15050: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14958:Iberian Union 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14933:Consolidation 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14908: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14843: 14841: 14839: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14826: 14822: 14818: 14811: 14806: 14804: 14799: 14797: 14792: 14791: 14788: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14682: 14680: 14678:Miscellaneous 14676: 14670: 14669: 14665: 14663: 14662: 14658: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14610:Queluz Palace 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14580:Buçaco Palace 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14562: 14560: 14554: 14545: 14544: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14527:House of Aviz 14525: 14523: 14520: 14519: 14517: 14513: 14508: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14432:Iberian Union 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14379: 14377: 14373: 14369: 14361: 14356: 14354: 14349: 14347: 14342: 14341: 14338: 14332: 14328: 14322: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14295: 14292: 14290: 14287: 14285: 14282: 14280: 14277: 14276: 14273: 14260: 14253: 14247: 14244: 14243: 14240: 14234: 14231: 14230: 14227: 14221: 14218: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14207: 14201: 14198: 14195: 14194: 14191: 14188: 14185: 14184: 14181: 14178: 14175: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14160: 14157: 14154: 14153: 14150: 14147: 14144: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14133: 14127: 14124: 14121: 14120: 14117: 14111: 14108: 14107: 14104: 14098: 14095: 14094: 14091: 14085: 14082: 14081: 14078: 14072: 14069: 14068: 14065: 14059: 14056: 14055: 14052: 14046: 14043: 14042: 14039: 14036: 14033: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14022: 14021: 14015: 14008: 14004: 13991: 13988: 13982: 13979: 13976: 13975: 13972: 13969: 13966: 13965: 13962: 13956: 13953: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13942: 13936: 13935: 13934: 13929: 13926: 13925: 13922: 13921: 13920: 13915: 13912: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13901: 13900: 13894: 13887: 13883: 13871: 13867: 13866: 13859: 13852: 13846: 13843: 13842: 13839: 13835: 13826: 13823: 13820: 13819: 13816: 13813: 13810: 13809: 13806: 13803: 13800: 13799: 13796: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13776: 13771: 13767: 13764: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13749: 13746: 13743: 13742: 13739: 13736: 13733: 13732: 13729: 13726: 13723: 13722: 13719: 13716: 13713: 13712: 13709: 13703: 13700: 13699: 13696: 13690: 13687: 13686: 13683: 13677: 13674: 13673: 13670: 13667: 13664: 13663: 13660: 13657: 13654: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13643: 13642: 13636: 13629: 13625: 13612: 13605: 13602: 13599: 13598: 13595: 13591: 13582: 13579: 13576: 13575: 13572: 13568: 13559: 13556: 13553: 13552: 13549: 13543: 13540: 13539: 13536: 13533: 13530: 13529: 13522: 13518:Masulipatnam 13516: 13513: 13512: 13509: 13506: 13503: 13502: 13498: 13495: 13494: 13491: 13485: 13482: 13479: 13478: 13475: 13474:Daman and Diu 13472: 13469: 13468: 13465: 13463:(Thoothukudi) 13459: 13456: 13455: 13452: 13449: 13446: 13445: 13442: 13440:(Kodungallur) 13436: 13433: 13432: 13429: 13427:(Vasai-Virar) 13423: 13420: 13419: 13416: 13413: 13410: 13409: 13406: 13400: 13397: 13396: 13393: 13390: 13387: 13386: 13383: 13380: 13377: 13376: 13373: 13370: 13367: 13366: 13362: 13354: 13351: 13350: 13347: 13344: 13341: 13340: 13336: 13333: 13332: 13329: 13323: 13320: 13317: 13316: 13313: 13307: 13304: 13303: 13299: 13291: 13281: 13280: 13277: 13274: 13271: 13270: 13267: 13261: 13258: 13257: 13254: 13248: 13245: 13244: 13240: 13232: 13222: 13221: 13218: 13212: 13209: 13208: 13205: 13199: 13196: 13195: 13192: 13191: 13186: 13176: 13174:(Lakshadweep) 13168: 13165: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13154: 13153: 13147: 13140: 13136: 13123: 13116: 13115:Bandar-e Kong 13113: 13110: 13109: 13106: 13105:Dibba Al-Hisn 13103: 13100: 13099: 13096: 13093: 13090: 13089: 13086: 13083: 13080: 13079: 13076: 13073: 13070: 13069: 13066: 13063: 13060: 13059: 13056: 13053: 13050: 13049: 13046: 13043: 13040: 13039: 13036: 13033: 13030: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13019: 13013: 13010: 13007: 13006: 13003: 13000: 12997: 12996: 12993: 12990: 12987: 12986: 12983: 12980: 12977: 12976: 12971: 12967: 12962: 12959: 12956: 12955: 12952: 12949: 12946: 12945: 12942: 12939: 12936: 12935: 12932: 12929: 12926: 12925: 12922: 12919: 12916: 12915: 12912: 12909: 12906: 12905: 12902: 12896: 12893: 12892: 12889: 12886: 12883: 12882: 12879: 12873: 12870: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12859: 12858: 12852: 12845: 12841: 12829: 12825: 12822: 12818: 12815: 12811: 12808: 12805: 12801: 12800: 12793: 12786: 12783: 12780: 12779: 12776: 12773: 12770: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12755: 12752: 12749: 12748: 12745: 12739: 12736: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12720: 12716: 12713: 12712: 12709: 12706: 12703: 12702: 12699: 12696: 12693: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12682: 12676: 12670: 12667: 12666: 12662: 12658: 12655: 12654: 12651: 12648: 12645: 12644: 12641: 12638: 12635: 12634: 12631: 12628: 12625: 12624: 12621: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12611: 12605: 12602: 12601: 12598: 12595: 12592: 12591: 12588: 12585: 12582: 12581: 12578: 12575: 12572: 12571: 12568: 12565: 12562: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12551: 12545: 12542: 12539: 12538: 12535: 12532: 12529: 12528: 12525: 12519: 12516: 12515: 12512: 12508:Fernando Poo 12506: 12503: 12502: 12499: 12496: 12493: 12492: 12488: 12484: 12481: 12480: 12476: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12465: 12462: 12459: 12458: 12455: 12452: 12449: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12438: 12437: 12431: 12424: 12420: 12415: 12398: 12391: 12385: 12382: 12381: 12378: 12372: 12369: 12368: 12365: 12359: 12356: 12355: 12352: 12346: 12343: 12342: 12339: 12333: 12330: 12329: 12326: 12320: 12317: 12316: 12313: 12307: 12304: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12293: 12287: 12284: 12281: 12280: 12277: 12271: 12268: 12267: 12264: 12261: 12258: 12257: 12254: 12248: 12245: 12244: 12241: 12238: 12235: 12234: 12231: 12225: 12222: 12221: 12218: 12212: 12209: 12208: 12205: 12202: 12199: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12188: 12187: 12181: 12174: 12170: 12166: 12159: 12154: 12152: 12147: 12145: 12140: 12139: 12136: 12129: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12114: 12111: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12099: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12054: 12052:1-74059-421-5 12048: 12044: 12043: 12037: 12033: 12032: 12026: 12022: 12020:3-87294-202-6 12016: 12012: 12007: 12006: 11999: 11988: 11986:0-299-07450-1 11982: 11978: 11977: 11971: 11967: 11961: 11957: 11952: 11948: 11942: 11938: 11937: 11931: 11927: 11921: 11918:. Routledge. 11917: 11916: 11910: 11899: 11893: 11888: 11887: 11880: 11876: 11870: 11866: 11865: 11859: 11855: 11849: 11845: 11844: 11838: 11834: 11832:81-7022-259-1 11828: 11824: 11823: 11817: 11813: 11807: 11803: 11802: 11796: 11792: 11786: 11782: 11781: 11775: 11771: 11765: 11760: 11759: 11752: 11742:on 2013-02-04 11741: 11737: 11736: 11730: 11726: 11724:0-415-09085-7 11720: 11717:. Routledge. 11716: 11715: 11709: 11705: 11703:0-8018-5955-7 11699: 11695: 11694: 11688: 11684: 11680: 11676: 11675: 11669: 11665: 11663:972-8047-75-4 11659: 11655: 11654: 11648: 11644: 11638: 11634: 11633: 11627: 11623: 11621:0-333-57689-6 11617: 11613: 11608: 11605: 11601: 11599:0-7011-6834-X 11595: 11591: 11586: 11582: 11580:0-521-25713-1 11576: 11572: 11571: 11565: 11561: 11555: 11551: 11546: 11545: 11538: 11535: 11532: 11528: 11522: 11518: 11513: 11502: 11498: 11496:1-57607-335-1 11492: 11488: 11487: 11481: 11477: 11471: 11467: 11466: 11460: 11456: 11450: 11446: 11445: 11439: 11435: 11433:9780313262579 11429: 11426:. Greenwood. 11425: 11424: 11418: 11414: 11408: 11403: 11402: 11395: 11391: 11385: 11381: 11380: 11374: 11370: 11368:0-415-23979-6 11364: 11361:. Routledge. 11360: 11359: 11353: 11349: 11343: 11339: 11334: 11333: 11326: 11322: 11316: 11312: 11311: 11305: 11301: 11295: 11291: 11290: 11284: 11280: 11274: 11270: 11269: 11263: 11259: 11253: 11249: 11248: 11242: 11238: 11236:0-8166-1216-1 11232: 11227: 11226: 11219: 11215: 11209: 11205: 11204: 11198: 11194: 11188: 11184: 11183: 11177: 11173: 11171:9780807838839 11167: 11163: 11162: 11156: 11152: 11146: 11142: 11141: 11135: 11131: 11129:9780521116343 11125: 11121: 11120: 11114: 11110: 11108:0-313-31106-4 11104: 11100: 11099: 11093: 11091: 11087: 11083: 11079: 11077:0-521-29929-2 11073: 11068: 11067: 11060: 11056: 11050: 11046: 11045: 11039: 11035: 11033:9780887291302 11029: 11025: 11024: 11018: 11014: 11012:9780226467085 11008: 11004: 11003: 10997: 10993: 10987: 10983: 10982: 10976: 10972: 10970:9789048133246 10966: 10962: 10961: 10955: 10951: 10949:9780300078008 10945: 10941: 10940: 10934: 10930: 10924: 10920: 10919: 10913: 10910: 10906: 10904:9781143225352 10900: 10896: 10895: 10889: 10878: 10874: 10872:9780521770651 10868: 10864: 10863: 10857: 10853: 10851:0-224-60284-5 10847: 10842: 10841: 10834: 10831: 10827: 10823: 10817: 10813: 10812: 10806: 10802: 10796: 10793:. Routledge. 10792: 10791: 10785: 10781: 10775: 10771: 10770: 10764: 10760: 10754: 10750: 10749: 10743: 10739: 10737:9780719008764 10733: 10729: 10728: 10722: 10718: 10712: 10708: 10703: 10702: 10695: 10691: 10685: 10681: 10676: 10672: 10666: 10662: 10657: 10653: 10647: 10643: 10642: 10636: 10632: 10630:9780195140736 10626: 10622: 10621: 10616: 10612: 10608: 10606:0-8166-0713-3 10602: 10598: 10593: 10592: 10585: 10581: 10575: 10571: 10566: 10564: 10560: 10557: 10556:online review 10553: 10549: 10546: 10542: 10538: 10536:9781604975291 10532: 10528: 10527: 10521: 10517: 10511: 10507: 10506: 10500: 10496: 10494:9780804733595 10490: 10486: 10485: 10479: 10475: 10469: 10465: 10464: 10458: 10454: 10448: 10445:. JHU Press. 10444: 10443: 10437: 10433: 10431:0-09-131071-7 10427: 10422: 10421: 10415: 10411: 10407: 10405:9780230344266 10401: 10397: 10396: 10390: 10386: 10380: 10376: 10371: 10367: 10361: 10357: 10356: 10350: 10346: 10340: 10336: 10335: 10329: 10325: 10323:0-313-31106-4 10319: 10315: 10314: 10308: 10297: 10293: 10291:0-300-09314-4 10287: 10283: 10282: 10276: 10272: 10266: 10262: 10261: 10255: 10244: 10238: 10234: 10233: 10227: 10223: 10221:9780195337709 10217: 10213: 10212: 10206: 10202: 10196: 10192: 10191: 10185: 10181: 10175: 10172:. Routledge. 10171: 10170: 10164: 10160: 10154: 10150: 10145: 10144: 10119:on 2009-01-09 10118: 10114: 10108: 10100: 10094: 10090: 10086: 10085: 10077: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10047: 10045: 10035: 10021:on 2010-10-12 10020: 10016: 10010: 10004: 9999: 9984: 9980: 9974: 9965: 9949: 9945: 9944: 9939: 9933: 9917: 9913: 9907: 9901: 9900: 9895: 9891: 9888: 9883: 9868: 9864: 9858: 9842: 9838: 9832: 9825: 9820: 9804: 9800: 9793: 9786: 9785:Time Magazine 9782: 9777: 9762: 9758: 9756:9780190277734 9752: 9748: 9744: 9740: 9736: 9729: 9723:, p. 153 9722: 9721:Anderson 2000 9717: 9715: 9708: 9703: 9697: 9692: 9677: 9671: 9667: 9666: 9658: 9651: 9645: 9637: 9633: 9627: 9612: 9608: 9602: 9594: 9590: 9583: 9577:, p. 128 9576: 9571: 9555: 9551: 9545: 9537: 9533: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9494: 9487: 9482: 9476:, p. 134 9475: 9470: 9468: 9466: 9458: 9453: 9446: 9441: 9426: 9420: 9416: 9415: 9407: 9391: 9387: 9386: 9378: 9371: 9366: 9357: 9348: 9342:, p. 298 9341: 9336: 9327: 9320: 9315: 9308: 9303: 9294: 9287: 9282: 9275: 9270: 9263: 9258: 9249: 9248:10400.5/26870 9244: 9239: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9222: 9215: 9200: 9194: 9190: 9189: 9181: 9175:, p. 131 9174: 9169: 9163:, p. 288 9162: 9157: 9150: 9145: 9138: 9133: 9131: 9124:, p. 203 9123: 9118: 9111: 9106: 9104: 9097:, p. 168 9096: 9091: 9085: 9080: 9074: 9069: 9062: 9058: 9052: 9046:, p. 330 9045: 9040: 9031: 9016: 9014:0-8122-1845-0 9010: 9006: 9005: 8997: 8990: 8984: 8977: 8971: 8957: 8951: 8947: 8946: 8938: 8924: 8918: 8914: 8913: 8905: 8899:, p. 350 8898: 8893: 8886: 8880: 8874:, p. 169 8873: 8868: 8861: 8855: 8848: 8843: 8828: 8822: 8818: 8817: 8809: 8794: 8788: 8784: 8779: 8778: 8769: 8760: 8759: 8751: 8743: 8742: 8734: 8728:, p. 200 8727: 8722: 8714: 8703: 8699: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8681: 8675: 8669: 8655:on 2008-07-20 8654: 8650: 8643: 8637:, p. 186 8636: 8631: 8629: 8622:, p. 163 8621: 8616: 8610:, p. 250 8609: 8608:Lockhart 1983 8604: 8598:, p. 159 8597: 8592: 8586:, p. 105 8585: 8584:Anderson 2000 8580: 8573: 8568: 8566: 8559:, p. 386 8558: 8553: 8546: 8545:Anderson 2000 8541: 8534: 8529: 8522: 8521:Boyajian 2008 8517: 8515: 8508:, p. 177 8507: 8502: 8495: 8494:Schwartz 1973 8490: 8483: 8478: 8469: 8462: 8457: 8455: 8447: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8430: 8425: 8418: 8413: 8411: 8401: 8395:, p. 185 8394: 8389: 8382: 8377: 8371:, p. 246 8370: 8365: 8359:, p. 496 8358: 8357:Bakewell 2009 8353: 8346: 8345:Lockhart 1983 8341: 8334: 8329: 8323:, p. 255 8322: 8317: 8310: 8305: 8290: 8284: 8280: 8279: 8271: 8265:, p. 310 8264: 8259: 8253:, p. 694 8252: 8247: 8240: 8235: 8228: 8223: 8217:, p. 254 8216: 8211: 8209: 8201: 8196: 8189: 8184: 8176: 8170: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8151: 8145:, p. 214 8144: 8139: 8133:, p. 116 8132: 8127: 8121:, p. 464 8120: 8115: 8108: 8103: 8096: 8092: 8090:9780275968960 8086: 8082: 8075: 8067: 8065:9780190615093 8061: 8057: 8050: 8044:, p. 195 8043: 8038: 8031: 8030:0-415-32379-7 8027: 8021: 8013: 8007: 8004:. MIT Press. 8002: 8001: 7992: 7985: 7980: 7973: 7968: 7959: 7953:, p. 175 7952: 7947: 7945: 7937: 7932: 7925: 7924:Thornton 2000 7920: 7914:, p. 207 7913: 7908: 7906: 7896: 7890:, p. 121 7889: 7884: 7878:Black, p. 102 7875: 7866: 7857: 7848: 7839: 7837: 7829: 7825: 7822: 7821: 7814: 7806: 7800: 7796: 7795: 7787: 7781:, p. 138 7780: 7775: 7768: 7763: 7756: 7751: 7749: 7742:, p. 125 7741: 7736: 7727: 7720: 7715: 7707: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7686: 7679: 7674: 7668:, p. 339 7667: 7666:Whiteway 1899 7662: 7656:, p. 226 7655: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7638: 7633: 7619:on 2012-12-25 7618: 7614: 7608: 7602: 7601:0-521-24333-5 7598: 7594: 7590: 7587: 7581: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7552: 7538:on 2013-01-30 7537: 7533: 7527: 7518: 7509: 7501: 7495: 7491: 7490: 7482: 7474: 7468: 7464: 7463: 7455: 7447: 7441: 7437: 7436: 7428: 7420: 7414: 7410: 7403: 7394: 7386: 7380: 7376: 7375: 7367: 7358: 7350: 7344: 7340: 7339: 7331: 7322: 7315: 7310: 7304:, p. 202 7303: 7298: 7291: 7286: 7279: 7274: 7267: 7266:Kratoska 2004 7262: 7260: 7252: 7251:Ricklefs 1991 7247: 7241:, p. 291 7240: 7235: 7229:, p. 220 7228: 7227:de Souza 1990 7223: 7217:, p. 130 7216: 7211: 7209: 7201: 7196: 7190:, p. 238 7189: 7184: 7178:, p. 129 7177: 7172: 7165: 7160: 7153: 7148: 7141: 7136: 7134: 7126: 7121: 7114: 7109: 7102: 7097: 7091:, p. 128 7090: 7085: 7078: 7073: 7067:, p. 207 7066: 7061: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7032: 7025: 7020: 7013: 7008: 7001: 6996: 6989: 6984: 6977: 6972: 6965: 6960: 6954:, p. 176 6953: 6948: 6942:, p. 174 6941: 6936: 6930:, p. 165 6929: 6924: 6917: 6912: 6905: 6904:Anderson 2000 6900: 6893: 6888: 6881: 6880:Anderson 2000 6876: 6869: 6864: 6858:, p. 156 6857: 6852: 6846:, p. 273 6845: 6840: 6834:, p. 138 6833: 6828: 6822:, p. 232 6821: 6816: 6809: 6804: 6798:, p. 482 6797: 6792: 6785: 6779: 6773:, p. 469 6772: 6767: 6760: 6755: 6748: 6743: 6736: 6731: 6723: 6717: 6712: 6705: 6700: 6693: 6687: 6680: 6675: 6668: 6667:Anderson 2000 6663: 6656: 6651: 6644: 6639: 6637: 6629: 6624: 6617: 6612: 6605: 6600: 6598: 6590: 6585: 6583: 6575: 6570: 6564:, p. 301 6563: 6558: 6552:, p. 894 6551: 6546: 6539: 6534: 6528:, p. 481 6527: 6522: 6518: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6396: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6376: 6371: 6363:Trading posts 6336: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6297: 6296: 6291: 6290: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6144: 6142: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6122: 6118: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6055: 6051: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5979: 5978:Daman and Diu 5975: 5971: 5966: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5950: 5946: 5938: 5934: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5884:Guinea-Bissau 5881: 5877: 5872: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5849: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5800: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5746: 5737: 5735: 5734:Roberto Ivens 5731: 5727: 5722: 5721:South America 5718: 5710: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5660: 5658: 5654: 5649: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5630:Queen Maria I 5627: 5626:prince regent 5623: 5619: 5611: 5607: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5572: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5545: 5543: 5542:Enlightenment 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5509: 5499: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5439: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5415: 5413: 5404: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5329:Chimnaji Appa 5325: 5323: 5319: 5318:Iberian Union 5314: 5310: 5302: 5298: 5293: 5289: 5287: 5282: 5273: 5268: 5264: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5241:in 1650. The 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5172: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5154: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5115:Madre de Deus 5112: 5108: 5103: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5084: 5080: 5078: 5077:Habsburg rule 5074: 5070: 5066: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5041: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5012:Iberian Union 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4978: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4945:Iberian Union 4936: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4921:Estácio de Sá 4918: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4873:Guanabara Bay 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4834:Tomé de Sousa 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4808: 4803: 4802:captain-major 4799: 4795: 4791: 4783: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4684:Based on the 4679: 4674: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4583: 4581: 4576: 4572: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4545: 4542:vassal state 4541: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4483: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4436:. The Sultan 4435: 4431: 4427: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4367:Ajuran Empire 4360: 4355: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4203: 4200: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4135:Lantau Island 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4113: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4023: 4018: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3984:St. Catherine 3981: 3977: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3959:Arabian horse 3955: 3951: 3947: 3939: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3865: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3844: 3841:routes (blue) 3840: 3836: 3830: 3825: 3824: 3823: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3812:Battle of Diu 3809: 3808:Almeida's son 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3732: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3660:, Kochi) and 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3607: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3570:Vasco da Gama 3563: 3559: 3558:Vasco da Gama 3555: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3524: 3522: 3521:Vasco da Gama 3519:commanded by 3518: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3455: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3313:Expansion of 3311: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3280:Elmina Castle 3276: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3217: 3207: 3206:Vasco da Gama 3197: 3181: 3177: 3168: 3164: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3103: 3099: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3031: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2898:) and China ( 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2853:Iberian Union 2850: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2814:Vasco da Gama 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2623:Angola (1907) 2621: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2527:Brazil (1756) 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2497:Angola (1723) 2495: 2493: 2492:Brazil (1711) 2490: 2488: 2487:Brazil (1710) 2485: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2460:Angola (1681) 2458: 2456: 2455:Angola (1671) 2453: 2451: 2450:Angola (1670) 2448: 2446: 2445:Angola (1670) 2443: 2441: 2440:Brazil (1666) 2438: 2436: 2435:Angola (1665) 2433: 2431: 2430:Margão (1659) 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2420:Mannar (1658) 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2400:Arabia (1650) 2398: 2396: 2395:Brazil (1649) 2393: 2391: 2390:Brazil (1648) 2388: 2386: 2385:Angola (1647) 2383: 2381: 2380:Brazil (1645) 2378: 2376: 2375:Brazil (1645) 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2365:Brazil (1641) 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2345:Brazil (1640) 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2330:Brazil (1638) 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2315:Brazil (1636) 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2305:Arabia (1633) 2303: 2301: 2300:Bengal (1632) 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2290:Brazil (1631) 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2280:Brazil (1630) 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2255:Brazil (1625) 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2245:Angola (1624) 2243: 2241: 2240:Brazil (1624) 2238: 2236: 2235:Angola (1623) 2233: 2231: 2230:Angola (1622) 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2200:Jaffna (1619) 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2143:Jaffna (1591) 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2103:Angola (1583) 2101: 2099: 2098:Arabia (1581) 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2088:Angola (1580) 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2028:Brazil (1567) 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1998:Jaffna (1560) 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1988:Brazil (1558) 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1953:Arabia (1548) 1951: 1949: 1948:Arabia (1548) 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1758:Arabia (1523) 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1653:Arabia (1507) 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1576:Guinea (1478) 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1520: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1357: 1354: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1172:Iberian Union 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1152:House of Aviz 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1081: 1080: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1002: 1001: 996: 991: 990: 983: 980: 978:Today part of 976: 960: 958: 957:Dutch Malacca 955: 954: 946: 944: 941: 940: 932: 930: 927: 926: 918: 916: 913: 912: 904: 902: 899: 898: 890: 888: 885: 884: 876: 874: 871: 870: 862: 860: 857: 856: 848: 846: 843: 842: 834: 832: 829: 828: 820: 818: 815: 814: 806: 804: 803:Guinea-Bissau 801: 800: 792: 790: 787: 786: 778: 776: 773: 772: 764: 762: 759: 758: 750: 748: 745: 744: 741: 735: 732: 725: 724: 721: 718: 711: 710: 707: 704: 697: 696: 693: 690: 683: 682: 679: 676: 669: 668: 665: 662: 655: 654: 651: 648: 641: 640: 637: 634: 627: 626: 623: 620: 613: 612: 609: 606: 599: 598: 595: 592: 585: 584: 581: 578: 571: 570: 567: 564: 557: 556: 553: 550: 543: 542: 539: 536: 529: 528: 525: 522: 515: 514: 511: 508: 501: 500: 497: 494: 487: 486: 483: 480: 473: 472: 469: 468: 465: 462: 460: 457: 456: 452: 448: 444: 441: 435: 431: 428: 422: 418: 415: 409: 405: 402: 396: 392: 389: 383: 379: 376: 370: 366: 363: 357: 353: 350: 344: 340: 337: 336:Iberian Union 331: 327: 324: 318: 314: 311: 305: 301: 298: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 273: 270: 264: 261: 258: 252: 248: 244: 242: 238: 234: 231: 230:Jorge Sampaio 228: 222: 219: 216: 210: 206: 202: 200: 196: 192: 189: 186: 180: 177: 174: 168: 164: 160: 158: 154: 147: 144: 141: 138: 137: 135: 131: 127: 123: 120: 116: 113: 110: 106: 102: 97: 94: 90: 83: 78: 73: 67: 60: 55: 49: 42: 33: 30: 19: 17523:World War II 17422: 17376:Early modern 17353:Kalmar Union 17224:Papal States 17142:Roman Empire 16942: 16785:Contemporary 16635:Indo-Persian 16623:Nazi Germany 16567:Contemporary 16469:Vijayanagara 16368:Great Seljuk 16279:Thessalonica 16207:Golden Horde 15847:Carthaginian 15626:Neo-Assyrian 15611:Neo-Sumerian 15440:Architecture 15412:Prostitution 15377:Homelessness 15357:Demographics 15273:Central bank 15215:Human rights 15180:Constitution 15033:Overseas War 14998:Liberal Wars 14942: 14905: 14719: 14715:Sebastianism 14666: 14659: 14595:Mafra Palace 14590:Évora Palace 14570:Belém Palace 14565:Ajuda Palace 14541: 14515:Royal houses 14462:April Revolt 14457:Vilafrancada 14375:Major events 14258: 14211:19th century 14210: 14208: 14168:18th century 14167: 14165: 14137:17th century 14136: 14134: 14026:16th century 14025: 14023: 13989: 13946:16th century 13945: 13943: 13931: 13930: 13917: 13916: 13905:15th century 13904: 13902: 13857: 13834:20th century 13833: 13831: 13789:19th century 13788: 13786: 13757:17th century 13756: 13754: 13647:16th century 13646: 13644: 13610: 13590:18th century 13589: 13587: 13567:17th century 13566: 13564: 13265:(Nagapatnam) 13185:16th century 13184: 13182: 13158:15th century 13157: 13155: 13121: 13023:17th century 13022: 13020: 12992:Tarut Island 12863:16th century 12862: 12860: 12848:Middle East 12814:Anosy Region 12791: 12763:19th century 12762: 12760: 12729:18th century 12728: 12726: 12686:17th century 12685: 12683: 12587:Saint Helena 12555:16th century 12554: 12552: 12442:15th century 12441: 12439: 12396: 12297:16th century 12296: 12294: 12192:15th century 12191: 12189: 12177:North Africa 12164: 12082:Online books 12072: 12041: 12030: 12004: 11990:. Retrieved 11975: 11955: 11935: 11914: 11901:. Retrieved 11885: 11863: 11846:. ABC-CLIO. 11842: 11821: 11800: 11779: 11757: 11744:. Retrieved 11740:the original 11734: 11713: 11692: 11673: 11652: 11635:. ABC-CLIO. 11631: 11611: 11589: 11569: 11543: 11516: 11505:. Retrieved 11489:. ABC-CLIO. 11485: 11464: 11447:. ABC_CLIO. 11443: 11422: 11400: 11378: 11357: 11331: 11309: 11288: 11267: 11246: 11224: 11202: 11185:. ABC-CLIO. 11181: 11160: 11139: 11118: 11097: 11085: 11065: 11043: 11022: 11001: 10980: 10963:. Springer. 10959: 10938: 10921:. ABC-CLIO. 10917: 10908: 10893: 10881:. Retrieved 10861: 10839: 10829: 10810: 10789: 10768: 10747: 10726: 10700: 10679: 10660: 10640: 10619: 10590: 10569: 10551: 10544: 10525: 10504: 10483: 10462: 10441: 10419: 10394: 10374: 10354: 10333: 10312: 10300:. Retrieved 10280: 10259: 10246:. Retrieved 10235:. ABC-CLIO. 10231: 10210: 10189: 10168: 10148: 10121:. Retrieved 10117:the original 10107: 10083: 10076: 10064:. Retrieved 10034: 10023:. 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Praeger. 10066:11 December 9922:16 December 9474:Lisboa 2008 9445:Newitt 1995 9231:(1): 1–22. 8680:Navigations 8620:Newitt 2005 8596:Thomas 1997 8535:, p. 8 8482:Marley 2008 8461:Marley 2008 8446:Treece 2000 8429:Marley 2008 8417:Marley 2008 8251:Marley 2008 8239:Marley 2005 8227:Marley 2008 8200:Marley 2008 8188:Marley 2008 7842:Abir, p. 86 7779:Mathew 1988 7639:, p. 5 7290:Newitt 2005 7079:, p. 2 6892:Newitt 2005 6749:, p. 9 6679:Coates 2002 6628:Newitt 2005 6618:, p. 4 6589:Newitt 2005 6574:Newitt 2005 6324:Map of the 6278:. Also, in 6267:), Turkish 6265:p'ort'oxali 6236:), Persian 6011:Estado Novo 5803:World War I 5777:Luís Filipe 5726:Serpa Pinto 5653:Dom Pedro I 5521:captaincies 5469:manumission 5428:Mato Grosso 5414:and sugar. 5235:Al-Ya'arubs 5214:as well as 5056:, from the 4891:, Scottish 4790:captaincies 4766:São Vicente 4651:Catholicism 4627:Tanegashima 4597:requesting 4494:Portuguese 4389:, however, 4065:Hugli River 4047:discovered 4003:Abyssinians 3946:East Indies 3839:spice trade 3718:Trincomalee 3704:. Although 3696:arrived in 3472:of Portugal 3437:land-locked 3419:(1415–1769) 3405:, near the 3387:Congo River 3248:(1452) and 3241:papal bulls 3159:(1419) and 3149:spice trade 3041:reconquista 3038:lay in the 2968:and to the 2958:Estado Novo 2920:Estado Novo 2804:. In 1488, 2802:spice trade 2790:Reconquista 2160:Java (1601) 1788:Java (1527) 1359:(2020–2023) 1351:(2010–2014) 1300:Estado Novo 1117:Reconquista 1004:History of 459:Preceded by 148:(1910–1999) 142:(1415–1910) 103:(1808–1821) 17630:Categories 17271:Viking Age 17086:Prehistory 16943:Portuguese 16824:Revival Le 16814:Vietnamese 16457:Later Tran 16427:Vietnamese 16323:Singhasari 16311:Holy Roman 15935:Bulgarian 15871:Satavahana 15842:Phoenician 15778:Achaemenid 15739:Indo-Greek 15719:Macedonian 15633:Babylonian 15462:Literature 15232:Parliament 15195:Government 15023:28 de Maio 14891:Al-Andalus 14558:residences 14547:(disputed) 13977:1516–1579? 13967:1500–1579? 13954:1500–1579? 13825:Ilha Verde 13775:East Timor 13461:Tuticorin 13357:Chittagong 13263:Negapatam 13214:Cannanore 13143:South Asia 12978:1521–1529? 12947:1515–1633? 12823:from 1879. 12806:from 1753. 12698:Ziguinchor 12630:Madagascar 12464:Cape Verde 12363:(Azemmour) 12045:. Ibrasa. 11746:2012-11-29 11683:B0006BWO3O 11507:2020-10-03 10883:2016-05-16 10302:2015-06-18 10123:2010-04-21 10025:2010-08-12 9989:2010-08-12 9873:2010-04-26 9767:2022-03-22 9617:2014-08-06 9095:Boxer 1969 9044:Ahmed 2011 8961:2017-08-27 8928:2017-08-27 8708:2022-03-26 8692:: 81–116. 8659:2009-05-08 8557:Boxer 1969 8506:Kamen 1999 8393:Ladle 2000 7804:0275988767 7654:Dodge 1976 7637:Jesus 1902 7623:2013-04-18 7571:2013-05-03 7542:2013-04-18 7239:Mehta 1980 7051:2014-09-01 6964:Boxer 1969 6832:White 2005 6808:Davis 2006 6735:Boxer 1969 6604:Boxer 1969 6508:References 6401:Portuguese 6289:portogallo 6284:Neapolitan 6254:bourtouqal 6193:people in 6164:East Timor 6143:in Macau. 6067:retornados 6063:East Timor 6054:Mozambique 6035:retornados 6031:Mozambique 5892:Mozambique 5876:Cape Verde 5557:Tiradentes 5484:earthquake 5412:brazilwood 5358:Portuguese 5233:under the 5184:Pernambuco 5161:Itinerario 5145:Itinerario 5141:Linschoten 5007:rule in a 4961:See also: 4897:Gloria Bay 4830:capitanias 4826:sugar cane 4818:sugar cane 4814:Pernambuco 4798:Cape Verde 4690:John Cabot 4525:Gelawdewos 4293:See also: 4157:arquebuses 4079:See also: 4057:Chittagong 4049:New Guinea 3954:Cape route 3906:See also: 3768:Madagascar 3750:conquered 3676:appointed 3638:Tangasseri 3634:Fort Kochi 3591:pau-brasil 3476:of Castile 3399:Cape Cross 3369:, a large 3308:Cape Verde 3302:, and the 3286:The first 3123:See also: 2894:in India ( 2839:When King 2702:Portuguese 1718:Goa (1517) 1190:Bragantine 1097:Al-Andalus 817:Cape Verde 789:Mozambique 199:Presidents 133:Government 112:Portuguese 48:Portuguese 17318:Feudalism 17289:Catalonia 16936:Couronian 16574:Ethiopian 16562:Manchukuo 16517:Brazilian 16363:Ghaznavid 16333:Srivijaya 16284:Trebizond 16269:Byzantine 16251:North Sea 16246:Norwegian 16234:Almoravid 16217:Ilkhanate 16187:Majapahit 16160:Muromachi 16069:Solomonic 16054:Ethiopian 15968:Caliphate 15901:Aragonese 15729:Ptolemaic 15472:Monuments 15392:Languages 15367:Education 15326:Transport 15242:President 15200:Judiciary 15185:Elections 15149:Volcanoes 15114:Mountains 15097:Geography 14886:Visigoths 14866:Gallaecia 14861:Lusitania 14710:Miguelism 14251:(Bolivia) 14232:1809–1817 14225:(Uruguay) 14219:1808–1822 14196:1772–1775 14186:1772–1775 14176:1751–1772 14155:1680–1777 14145:1621–1751 14122:1536–1620 14034:1500–1822 13850:(Hengqin) 13765:1642–1975 13744:1580–1586 13734:1557–1999 13728:Larantuka 13724:1515–1859 13714:1512–1665 13665:1512–1621 13655:1511–1641 13554:1558–1573 13541:1518–1658 13531:1518–1521 13484:Mangalore 13311:(Pulicat) 13229:1659–1661 13166:1498–1545 13101:1624–1648 13051:1621–1622 13008:1588–1648 12998:1550–1551 12957:1521–1602 12927:1515–1650 12907:1515–1648 12894:1515–1622 12884:1507–1643 12871:1506–1615 12781:1885–1974 12771:1879–1974 12750:1753–1975 12743:(Mombasa) 12741:Mombassa 12737:1728–1729 12714:1687–1974 12704:1680–1961 12694:1645–1888 12674:(Mombasa) 12672:Mombassa 12668:1593–1698 12656:1588–1974 12646:1575–1975 12636:1557–1578 12626:1508–1547 12616:1506–1511 12603:1505–1512 12593:1503–1698 12583:1502–1659 12573:1501–1975 12563:1500–1630 12540:1498–1540 12530:1482–1642 12517:1482–1637 12504:1478–1778 12494:1474–1778 12482:1471–1975 12470:1470–1975 12460:1462–1975 12450:1455–1633 12383:1577–1589 12370:1515–1541 12357:1513–1541 12344:1506–1769 12331:1506–1525 12318:1506–1525 12305:1505–1541 12269:1488–1541 12246:1485–1550 12236:1471–1662 12223:1471–1550 12210:1458–1550 12200:1415–1640 10844:. Knopf. 9536:162822016 9520:0018-246X 9061:1057-1515 8726:Lach 1994 8698:0874-8438 7314:Lach 1994 6716:Daus 1983 6616:Abernethy 6513:Citations 6295:purtuallo 6261:ფორთოხალი 6246:portocală 6242:porteghal 6226:portokali 6222:πορτοκάλι 6220:), Greek 6210:portokall 6123:in Lisbon 6098:Hong Kong 5762:Cape Town 5616:In 1808, 5473:mulattoes 5448:Paulistas 5432:gold rush 4933:ouvidores 4911:natives. 4905:Parapapuã 4893:Calvinist 4885:Mem de Sá 4861:São Paulo 4747:Francis I 4698:Greenland 4696:explored 4570:prazeiros 4540:Kongolose 4401:captured 4381:state of 4375:conquered 4161:bird guns 4151:matchlock 4020:Iberian ' 3973:privateer 3967:from the 3961:imports. 3950:Velha Goa 3814:in 1509. 3772:Mauritius 3706:Cankili I 3662:Cannanore 3582:Kozhikode 3509:longitude 3493:New World 3466:The 1494 3423:In 1488, 3391:Diogo Cão 3371:Castilian 3315:sugarcane 3261:latitudes 3233:Gil Eanes 3064:in 1411. 3048:from the 2743:factories 2727:) or the 1057:Gallaecia 1052:Lusitania 432:1974–1975 419:1961–1974 367:1640–1668 354:1588–1654 341:1580–1640 188:Manuel II 118:Religion 57:1415–1999 17557:See also 17528:Cold War 17323:Crusades 17293:Valencia 16916:Japanese 16879:Scottish 16859:American 16851:Colonial 16780:Imperial 16748:Moroccan 16684:Japanese 16662:Afsharid 16521:Burmese 16507:Austrian 16462:Later Le 16437:Early Le 16422:Venetian 16348:Tiwanaku 16261:Hellenic 16224:Moroccan 16155:Kamakura 16145:Japanese 16128:Saffarid 16081:Georgian 15995:Chalukya 15973:Rashidun 15963:Calakmul 15931:Bruneian 15810:Haryanka 15788:Sasanian 15783:Parthian 15734:Bactrian 15724:Seleucid 15704:Goguryeo 15682:Egyptian 15616:Assyrian 15606:Akkadian 15597:Colonies 15537:Category 15487:Religion 15397:Naturism 15227:Military 15163:Politics 15074:Language 15064:Military 15052:By topic 14918:Monarchs 14871:Hispania 14851:Ophiussa 14838:Timeline 14821:articles 14817:Portugal 14149:Maranhão 14126:Barbados 13971:Labrador 13748:Nagasaki 13718:Makassar 13581:Mylapore 13558:Maldives 13535:Maldives 13404:(Mumbai) 13346:Mylapore 13216:(Kannur) 12966:Muharraq 12826:Part of 12819:Part of 12809:Or 1600. 12802:Part of 12597:Zanzibar 12487:Príncipe 12475:São Tomé 12389:(Asilah) 12376:(Mehdya) 12348:Mazagan 12322:Mogador 12311:(Agadir) 12286:Graciosa 12250:Mazagan 12229:(Asilah) 11501:Archived 10877:Archived 10617:(2006). 10559:Archived 10416:(1969). 10296:Archived 10060:Archived 9983:Archived 9948:Archived 9916:Archived 9899:BBC News 9890:Archived 9867:Archived 9841:Archived 9803:Archived 9761:Archived 9611:Archived 9560:July 24, 8702:Archived 7824:Archived 7719:Ooi 2004 7589:Archived 7565:Archived 7302:Ooi 2009 7045:Archived 6988:Scammell 6436:See also 6430:, Kenya. 6276:birtukan 6269:portakal 6258:Georgian 6250:البرتقال 6234:portokal 6230:портокал 6218:portokal 6214:портокал 6191:Kristang 6075:occupied 5982:captured 5949:Cold War 5869:Tanzania 5797:republic 5754:Pink Map 5622:Dom João 5525:Salvador 5452:Emboabas 5397:Catholic 5370:concelho 5365:Candolim 5227:Safavids 5111:captured 5094:asientos 5009:dynastic 4889:Huguenot 4869:smallpox 4849:Salvador 4758:João III 4718:donatary 4635:Nagasaki 4631:firearms 4575:chikunda 4548:Afonso I 4496:carracks 4391:resisted 4369:and the 4259:Magellan 4169:Frankish 4139:Shuangyu 4127:Tuen Mun 4030:A Famosa 3822:ruling. 3702:cinnamon 3629:Immanuel 3617:and the 3578:Zamorins 3564:in 1497. 3445:Ethiopia 3359:alluvial 3343:Afonso V 3288:feitoria 3196:Ethiopia 3102:conquest 3003:". The 2982:returned 2892:enclaves 2833:Nagasaki 2739:colonies 1435:Timeline 1397:Military 1385:Language 1377:Archives 1085:Medieval 1006:Portugal 995:a series 993:Part of 982:Portugal 157:Monarchs 146:Republic 140:Monarchy 17398:Baroque 17297:Majorca 17209:Francia 16983:largest 16978:Empires 16958:Swedish 16953:Spanish 16948:Russian 16911:Italian 16886:Chinese 16874:English 16869:British 16864:Belgian 16839:Vietnam 16829:Tay son 16775:Tsarist 16770:Russian 16765:Ottoman 16731:Dzungar 16726:Khoshut 16699:Mexican 16694:Maratha 16677:Pahlavi 16657:Safavid 16652:Iranian 16579:Haitian 16542:Chinese 16502:Ashanti 16474:Wagadou 16400:Eastern 16395:Western 16378:Timurid 16338:Tibetan 16328:Songhai 16318:Serbian 16239:Almohad 16229:Idrisid 16133:Samanid 16123:Tahirid 16118:Iranian 16096:Kannauj 16076:Genoese 16012:Chinese 16005:Eastern 16000:Western 15988:Fatimid 15983:Abbasid 15978:Umayyad 15951:Burmese 15911:Ayyubid 15906:Angevin 15876:Xianbei 15864:Eastern 15859:Western 15805:Magadha 15768:Iranian 15761:Xiongnu 15746:Hittite 15655:Chinese 15643:Kassite 15592:Ancient 15584:Empires 15521:Outline 15497:Symbols 15450:Cuisine 15432:Culture 15407:Poverty 15382:Housing 15340:Society 15321:Tourism 15296:Fishing 15256:Economy 15134:Regions 15124:Islands 15059:Economy 14829:History 14238:(Amapá) 13919:Madeira 13805:Coloane 13682:Ternate 13425:Baçaím 13415:Ponnani 13402:Bombay 13294:Calicut 13203:(Kochi) 13201:Cochim 13111:1624?–? 13075:Libedia 13041:1621?–? 12961:Bahrain 12937:1515?–? 12911:Quriyat 12900:(Ormus) 12898:Hormuz 12620:Socotra 12609:(Kilwa) 12607:Quíloa 12567:Malindi 12521:Elmina 12510:(Bioko) 12498:Annobón 12387:Arzila 12361:Azamor 12263:Ouadane 12240:Tangier 12227:Arzila 11992:12 July 11903:10 July 11088:(1997) 10248:12 July 10003:pt:CPLP 9954:12 July 9847:12 July 9681:12 July 9528:2638392 9430:10 July 9396:10 July 9204:10 July 9020:10 July 8832:10 July 8798:10 July 8713:Redalyc 8294:10 July 6428:Malindi 6409:Chinese 6303:arancia 6282:(e.g., 6273:Amharic 6195:Malacca 6152:Madeira 5848:U-boats 5832:Madeira 5537:mestizo 5529:Jesuits 5488:tsunami 5383:Fidalgo 5367:in the 5339:of the 5335:and by 5331:of the 5313:Tangier 5200:Malacca 5028:António 5001:Morocco 4855:led by 4853:Jesuits 4794:Madeira 4649:spread 4531:in the 4466:Humayun 4462:Red Sea 4458:Bassein 4426:Mughals 4403:Bahrain 4348:Bahrain 4069:Chatins 3997:on the 3995:Malacca 3798:sultan 3756:Red Sea 3752:Socotra 3682:Viceroy 3666:Canonor 3623:Calicut 3619:Zamorin 3574:Calicut 3505:leagues 3501:duopoly 3452:padrões 3433:Ptolemy 3403:Namibia 3379:João II 3331:Antwerp 3327:Algarve 3323:Genoese 3265:Senegal 3256:caravel 3157:Madeira 3131:Infante 3074:crusade 3058:Castile 3054:Algarve 2942:Dahomey 2902:). The 2861:England 2851:as the 2798:caravel 2775:Oceania 1412:Regions 1393:Judaism 1381:Economy 1025:Ancient 438:• 425:• 412:• 399:• 386:• 373:• 360:• 347:• 334:• 321:• 308:• 295:• 282:History 92:Capital 17285:Aragon 17264:Amalfi 17249:Venice 17237:Second 16921:Mongol 16906:German 16901:French 16891:Danish 16834:Dainam 16809:Tongan 16797:Somali 16792:Sokoto 16758:'Alawi 16736:Kalmyk 16716:Mongol 16709:Second 16689:Korean 16640:Mughal 16630:Indian 16613:German 16606:Second 16596:French 16589:Second 16525:Second 16497:Afghan 16489:Modern 16415:Kyrgyz 16410:Uighur 16405:Second 16385:Turkic 16353:Toltec 16289:Epirus 16274:Nicaea 16197:Mongol 16150:Yamato 16086:Huetar 15944:Second 15881:Rouran 15830:Shunga 15825:Maurya 15800:Kushan 15773:Median 15751:Hunnic 15709:Harsha 15542:Portal 15445:Cinema 15402:People 15372:Health 15301:Mining 15283:Energy 15139:Rivers 15109:Cities 14943:Empire 14819: 14259: 14116:Brazil 14113: 14103:Brazil 14100: 14087: 14074: 14064:Brazil 14061: 14048: 14038:Brazil 13990: 13933:Azores 13858: 13708:Tidore 13705: 13692: 13679: 13669:Maluku 13611: 13496: 13334: 13286: 13235:Quilon 13227: 13122: 13091:1624–? 13081:1624–? 13071:1623–? 13065:Khasab 13061:1623–? 13045:As Sib 13031:1620–? 13012:Matrah 12970:Manama 12931:Muscat 12921:Qalhat 12917:1515–? 12875:Gamru 12792: 12719:Bissau 12661:Cacheu 12454:Arguim 12397: 12275:(Safi) 12273:Safim 12070:about 12049: 12017: 11983: 11962: 11943: 11922: 11894: 11871: 11850: 11829: 11808: 11787: 11766: 11721: 11700: 11681: 11660: 11639: 11618: 11596: 11577: 11556: 11523: 11493: 11472: 11451: 11430: 11409: 11386: 11365: 11344: 11317: 11296: 11275: 11254: 11233: 11210: 11189: 11168: 11147: 11126: 11105: 11090:online 11074: 11051: 11030: 11023:Brazil 11009: 10988: 10967: 10946: 10925: 10901: 10869: 10848: 10818: 10797: 10776: 10755: 10734: 10713: 10686: 10667: 10648: 10627: 10603: 10576: 10547:(2015) 10533: 10512: 10491: 10470: 10449: 10428: 10402: 10381: 10362: 10341: 10320: 10288: 10267: 10239: 10218: 10197: 10176: 10155: 10095: 9979:"CPLP" 9753: 9672: 9534: 9526: 9518: 9421: 9195: 9059: 9011: 8952: 8919: 8823: 8789: 8696: 8285: 8087: 8062: 8028: 8008: 7801: 7702: 7599: 7496: 7469: 7442: 7415: 7381: 7345: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6238:پرتقال 6148:Azores 6112:Legacy 6050:Angola 6027:Angola 5991:Ouidah 5914:, and 5890:, and 5888:Angola 5865:Kionga 5819:, and 5764:. 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