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also criticizes the idea of wine being used as self-medication, an idea believed by
Ancient Greek physicians as well as some unorthodox Muslim physicians in his time, despite the Islamic cultural though not Koranic prohibition of alcohol. The novel further argues that the consumption of alcohol,
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who are shipwrecked and stranded on the island, and later take him back to the civilized world with them. The plot gradually develops into a coming-of-age story and then incorporates science fiction elements when it reaches its climax with a catastrophic doomsday apocalypse.
336:) who were autodidactic individuals spontaneously generated in a cave and living in seclusion on a desert island, both being the earliest examples of a desert island story. However, while Hayy lives alone with animals on a desert island for the rest of the story in
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and pulsation, which he uses to justify bodily resurrection. Some have thus argued that it was his attempts at proving bodily resurrection that led him to his discovery of the pulmonary circulation. Later
Islamic scholars viewed this work as a response to
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Ibn al-Nafis described the book as a defense of "the system of Islam and the
Muslims' doctrines on the missions of Prophets, the religious laws, the resurrection of the body, and the transitoriness of the world". He presents rational arguments for bodily
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was to explain
Islamic religious teachings in terms of science and philosophy through the use of a fictional narrative, hence this was an attempt at reconciling reason with revelation and blurring the line between the two.
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Ibn al-Nafis makes use of his new systems of anatomy, physiology and psychology which he had developed in his previous works in order to defend his views on bodily resurrection in
433:"Its left ventricle is filled with spirit, and this ventricle contracts, thereby sending this spirit in the arteries to the organs. Then it expands, and this spirit returns to it."
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Ibn al-Nafis uses the plot to express many of his own religious, philosophical and scientific themes on a wide variety of subjects, including
100:("The Book of Fādil ibn Nātiq"). It was written sometime between 1268 and 1277 and is considered one of the earliest examples of a novel in
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478:"Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)"
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in a cave and living in seclusion on a desert island. He eventually comes into contact with the outside world after the arrival of
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The novel also contains a reference to the pulmonary circulation which Ibn al-Nafis had previously described in his
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along with the prevalence of homosexuality among a small minority of
Muslims at the time, were the cause of the
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knowledge of biology, astronomy, cosmology and geology. One of the main purposes behind
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Dr. Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher",
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story. It was partly a response to the philosophical novel
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are predicted and scientifically explained using his own
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also contains some passages that are of significance to
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This is seen as the first example of the concept of
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219:. Ibn al-Nafis was thus an early pioneer of the
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