475:. Cream had refused to help her with an abortion, instead urging her to accuse a local businessman of being the father. Cream claimed Gardner had threatened to poison herself when he had not agreed to perform the abortion, and that she had written him a letter in which she named the businessman as the father. However, Gardner's family and roommate denied that she had written it, as the signature and handwriting on the letter did not match her own, and it was dismissed as
25:
514:. The death was attributed to natural causes, but Cream wrote to the coroner blaming the pharmacist for the death after he again attempted blackmail. This time, Cream was arrested, along with Mrs Julia A. (Abbey) Stott, who had allegedly become Cream's mistress and procured poison from Cream to do away with her husband. She turned
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committed the murders as part of ill-planned attempts to profit from them. From the start of the series of crimes Cream wrote blackmail notes to prominent people, and the poisoning of his one known male victim, Daniel Stott, was committed with the hope that Stott's wealthy widow would share the deceased's estate with him.
495:, offering illegal abortions to sex workers. He was investigated in August 1880, after the death of Mary Anne Faulkner, a woman on whom he had allegedly operated; he escaped prosecution due to lack of evidence. In December 1880, another patient, Miss Stack, died after treatment by Cream, and he subsequently attempted to
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Through his blackmail letters, Cream succeeded in drawing close attention to himself. Not only did the police quickly determine the innocence of those accused, but they noticed something telling in the accusations made by the anonymous letter-writer: he had referred to the murder of
Matilda Clover.
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On 13 October 1891, Ellen "Nellie" Donworth, a 19-year-old sex worker, received two letters from Cream, and agreed to meet him. He offered her a drink from a bottle. She became severely ill that night and died from what was later found to be strychnine poisoning. During her inquest, Cream wrote to
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On 2 April 1892, after a vacation in Canada, Cream returned to London, where he met Louise Harvey (née Harris), a sex worker. He offered her two pills, insisting she swallow them right away. Harvey, suspicious of him, pretended to swallow the pills he had given her but secretly threw them from a
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On 20 October, Cream met a 27-year-old sex worker named
Matilda Clover, and offered her pills, instructing her to take four before bed. She began experiencing violent, painful spasms later that night, and died two hours later. Her death was assumed to be heart failure due to alcohol withdrawal.
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but failed. With Brooks left severely ill, Cream attempted to escape to
Montreal but was caught by Brooks' father, who forced him to return and to marry her. The day after the wedding, Cream left for England to continue his medical education. The Brooks family never saw or heard from him again.
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who enjoyed the thought of his victims' agonised deaths, and his control over them (even if he was not physically present to witness these). However, Cream was also interested in money, as evidenced by his attempts at extortion in almost all of his crimes, so it remains a possibility that he
988:
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On 3 June 1892, Cream was arrested for the murder of
Matilda Clover, and on 13 July he was formally charged with the murders of Clover, Donworth, Marsh, and Shrivell, the attempted murder of Harvey, and extortion; his medicine/poisoning kit (taken in as evidence) is now in the
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speculated that Cream's prison term had been served by a look-alike in his place. Such notions are extremely unlikely and contradict all known evidence given by the
Illinois authorities, newspapers of the time, Cream's solicitors, Cream's family, and Cream himself.
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who was visiting London. The policeman had heard of the
Lambeth Poisoner, and Cream gave him a brief tour of where the various victims had lived. The American happened to mention it to a British policeman who found Cream's detailed knowledge of the case suspicious.
502:
In April 1881, a woman named Alice
Montgomery died of strychnine poisoning following an abortion in a rooming house barely a block from Cream's office. The case was ruled a murder but never solved. The location, time period, and method make Cream a likely suspect.
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These claims are unsubstantiated, as police officials and others who attended the execution made no mention of any such event. Moreover, Cream was in prison at the time of the Ripper murders in 1888, so it would have been impossible for him to be Jack the Ripper.
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On 11 April, Cream met two sex workers, Alice Marsh, 21, and Emma
Shrivell, 18, and spent the night with them in their flat, then before leaving offered them three pills each and a can of tinned salmon. Both women died later that night from strychnine poisoning.
463:
Cream returned to North
America in 1878 and established a medical practice in London, Ontario. He was charged under Ontario's Medical Act with practising without a license and later pleaded guilty. However, this did not deter patients from visiting his office.
633:
in July 1892, he read out a letter signed by Jack the Ripper, declaring "Dr Neill" innocent, which produced laughter, including from "Neill". The jury returned the verdict that
Matilda Clover died from strychnine poisoning administered by "Thomas Neill".
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Clover's death had been registered under natural causes, related to her drinking. The police quickly realised that the false accuser who had written the letter was the serial killer now referred to in the newspapers as the "Lambeth Poisoner".
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One of Cream's biographers suggested that Cream, on the scaffold and about to be hanged, was so frightened that he lost control of his bodily functions and stammered "I am ejaculating", which could have been mistaken for "I am Jack".
657:. As was customary with all executed criminals, his body was buried on the same day beneath the flagstones of the prison - along with other executed criminals- marked by one initial. His body was disinterred in 1902 and moved to
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and soon discovered his habit of visiting sex workers. They also conducted an investigation in the United States and Canada and learned about their suspect's history, including the conviction for a murder by poison in 1881.
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Billington claimed that Cream's last words on the scaffold were "I am Jack The..." Billington promoted this alleged incident as proof that he was responsible for executing the notorious Victorian serial killer
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In addition to the five poisonings Cream was convicted of, he is suspected of the murder of his wife Flora Brooks in 1877, and of at least four other women who died in his care while undergoing abortions.
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626:. From the start, he insisted he was only "Dr Thomas Neill", not Thomas Neill Cream, and the newspapers usually referred to him as "Dr Neill" in their coverage of the proceedings.
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441:, Cream met and courted a woman named Flora Brooks. When Brooks became pregnant a few months later after Cream had promised to marry her, he attempted to perform an
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526:. Daniel Stott's friends erected a tombstone at his grave, which reads: "Daniel Stott Died June 12, 1881 Aged 61 Years, poisoned by his wife and Dr Cream."
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1292:, Chapter V: "Murder for the Lust of Killing: Neill Cream", p. 184-215, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., Inc. – Dolphin Books, 1924, 1958.
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His trial lasted from 17 to 21 October, 1892. After a deliberation lasting only 12 minutes, the jury found him guilty of all counts, and Justice
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the coroner under the pseudonym A. O'Brien, Detective, offering to name the murderer in return for a £300,000 reward. He also wrote to
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Jonathan Goodman with Bill Waddell (Curator):, The Black Museum: Scotland Yard's Chamber of Crime (London: Harrap, Ltd, 1987)
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479:. Despite rumours and overwhelming evidence against Cream, authorities took no further action and the case was never solved.
414:. Cream then returned to North America seeking to practise in a community in need of physicians; after a brief experience in
769:. At the end, a postscript further identifies him as Thomas Neill Cream, who attended medical school alongside Conan Doyle.
577:, claiming to have evidence of his involvement in Clover's death and demanding £25,000 for his silence. Broadbent contacted
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to avoid jail, laying the blame on Cream, which left him to face a murder conviction on his own. He was sentenced to
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The motivation for the series of poisonings has never been settled. It has generally been assumed that Cream was a
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behind Cream's office at 204 Dundas Street. She was pregnant and had been murdered with a handkerchief soaked in
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speculated that Cream had bribed officials and been let out of prison before his official release, and Sir
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had commuted his sentence after Cream's brother pleaded for leniency and allegedly bribed the authorities.
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Bloomfield, Jeffrey: "Gallows Humor: The Alleged Ripper Confession of Dr. Cream." Dan Norder (ed.)
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Using money inherited from his father, who had died in 1887, Cream sailed for England, arriving in
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A history of capital punishment: with special reference to capital punishment in Great Britain
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347:. Cream murdered up to ten people in three countries, targeting mostly lower-class women,
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Fennario, David. Doctor Thomas Neill Cream—Mystery at McGill. Vancouver: Talonbooks, 1993
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A popular rumour suggested that Cream's last words were a (false) confession that he was
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1213:. Chicago series on sexuality, history, and society. The University of Chicago Press.
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A Prescription For Murder: The Victorian Serial Killings of Dr. Thomas Neill Cream
782:, Cream appears frequently to and converses with D.I. John River as a "manifest".
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The Case of the Murderous Dr. Cream: The Hunt for a Victorian Era Serial Killer
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The Case of the Murderous Dr. Cream: The Hunt for a Victorian Era Serial Killer
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410:, and in 1878 obtained additional qualifications as a physician and surgeon in
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390:. Cream attended the now-defunct Lachute Academy before becoming a student at
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Shore, W. Teignmouth (1955). "Thomas Neill Cream". In Hodge, James H. (ed.).
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on 27 May 1850. Cream's family moved to Canada, then still a dominion of the
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1309:, "3. Neill Cream", pp. 59–62, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1958.
1135:"BBC Radio 4 Extra - Sherlock Holmes, the Adventure of the Pimlico Poisoner"
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Less than a month after his conviction, on 15 November, Cream was hanged at
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bookstalls, accusing him of the murder and demanding money for his silence.
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Bloomfield, Jeffrey: "The Dr Wrote Some Letters." R.W.Stone, Q.P.M. (ed.),
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1180:"River review – pairing personal demons with a peculiar police partnership"
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Cream, under the name M. Malone, wrote a letter to the prominent physician
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Jenkins, Elizabeth: "Neill Cream, Poisoner." Reader's Digest Association,
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On 14 July 1881, Daniel Stott died of strychnine poisoning at his home in
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killings had been committed). He went to London and took lodgings at 103
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1337:, (Notable British Trials series), London and Edinburgh: W. Hodge, .
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Bell, Donald (1974), "Jack the Ripper – The Final Solution?",
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pursue a murder case that involves a Thomas Neill, played by
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824:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: HarperCollins. pp. 28–322.
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At the inquest into Matilda Clover's death that was held by
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Medical practitioners convicted of murdering their patients
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Norder, Dan; Vanderlinden, Wolf; Evans, Stewart P. (2005).
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366: – but official records show that he was in prison in
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In 1879, Catharine Hutchinson Gardner was found dead in a
335:(27 May 1850 – 15 November 1892), also known as the
661:. He is now buried in an unmarked grave in section 339.
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1149:"Murder Rooms: The Dark Beginnings of Sherlock Holmes"
746:
Sherlock Holmes: The Adventure Of The Pimlico Poisoner
510:, after Cream supplied him with an alleged remedy for
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Cream established a medical practice not far from the
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was riddled with poverty, petty crime, and sex work.
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Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Illinois
1115:
Medical Murder: Disturbing Cases of Doctors Who Kill
1097:"Farmer in spring, award-winning writer in winter".
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Murder Rooms: Mysteries of the Real Sherlock Holmes
402:in 1876. He received his post-graduate training at
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
446:Brooks herself almost fully recovered but died of
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916:"Daniel Stott Jr. (1820-1881) - Find a Grave..."
499:the pharmacist who had filled the prescription.
1486:People convicted of murder by England and Wales
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605:Not long afterward, Cream met a policeman from
1511:Recipients of American gubernatorial clemency
1049:vol. 9, no. 33, quoted in Evans and Skinner,
339:, was a Scottish-Canadian medical doctor and
16:Scottish-Canadian serial murderer (1850–1892)
1461:McGill University Faculty of Medicine alumni
1391:19th-century executions by England and Wales
1025:. Vol. 23. Inklings Press. p. 58.
792:List of serial killers in the United Kingdom
613:The police at Scotland Yard put Cream under
740:Cream was the main antagonist of the 1990
529:Cream was released in July 1891. Governor
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1406:Canadian expatriates in the United States
1317:The Complete Jack the Ripper (True Crime)
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545:on 1 October 1891 (three years after the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1010:. S. Low, Marston & Co. p. 125.
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885:"Did Dr Thomas Neill Cream Kill Alice?"
222: 1876; died 1877)
1491:People convicted of murder by Illinois
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1023:Ripper Notes: Suspects & Witnesses
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359:, and was hanged on 15 November 1892.
1396:19th-century Scottish medical doctors
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1067:The Life of Sir Edward Marshall Hall
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386:, until 1854; he was raised outside
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1526:Scottish people convicted of murder
822:The Case of the Murderous Dr. Cream
404:St Thomas's Hospital Medical School
370:at the time of the Ripper murders.
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1366:1892 murders in the United Kingdom
1361:1891 murders in the United Kingdom
1275:, Winter 1991, Volume 15, Number 4
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1178:Wollaston, Sam (13 October 2015).
1053:, p. 212 and Rumbelow, pp. 206–207
1051:Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell
751:In the first episode (in 2000) of
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1531:Scottish people imprisoned abroad
1441:Executed Jack the Ripper suspects
1416:Canadian people imprisoned abroad
1356:1881 murders in the United States
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711:for Best Crime Novel in 1989 for
1436:Executed Canadian serial killers
891:. September 2015. Archived from
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1431:Executed British serial killers
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34:needs additional citations for
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844:McLaren (1995) pp. 38–39, 156.
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343:who poisoned his victims with
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1516:Scottish emigrants to Canada
1466:Medical doctors from Glasgow
1280:Great Cases of Scotland Yard
1069:, quoted in Rumbelow, p. 208
989:"The Lambeth Poisoning Case"
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1335:Trial of Thomas Neill Cream
1333:Shore, W. Teignmouth, ed.:
995:. 14 July 1892. p. 12.
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351:and pregnant women seeking
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1421:Crimes against sex workers
939:Chilling Historical Crimes
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1307:The Murder and the Trial
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671:Jack the Ripper suspects
646:sentenced him to death.
1536:Scottish serial killers
1521:Scottish male criminals
1501:People from Quebec City
1411:Canadian male criminals
1376:1890s murders in London
1247:Canada), June 1, 2021.
1209:McLaren, Angus (1995).
1006:Laurence, John (1932).
905:Shore (1955) pp. 17–18.
889:Mysterious Chicago Blog
659:City of London Cemetery
631:Athelstan Braxton Hicks
355:. He was convicted and
1476:Medical serial killers
1426:Criminals from Glasgow
1290:Murder and Its Motives
1268:, July 2005, Issue #23
1078:Rumbelow, pp. 206–208.
855:"The Lambeth Poisoner"
508:Boone County, Illinois
895:on 19 September 2015.
669:Further information:
398:, graduating with an
1541:Strychnine poisoning
1456:London crime history
1063:Marjoribanks, Edward
693:Edward Marshall-Hall
58:"Thomas Neill Cream"
43:improve this article
958:Shore (1955) p. 22.
820:Jobb, Dean (2021).
638:Trial and execution
551:Lambeth Palace Road
284:Span of crimes
198:Executed by hanging
1401:Abortion providers
1286:Jesse, F. Tennyson
1159:on 20 January 2019
1113:Robert M. Kaplan,
919:www.findagrave.com
859:Murder by Gaslight
776:television series
759:Arthur Conan Doyle
736:In popular culture
709:Arthur Ellis Award
665:"I am Jack the..."
489:red-light district
422:, he relocated to
357:sentenced to death
333:Thomas Neill Cream
127:Thomas Neill Cream
1303:Lustgarten, Edgar
1273:The Criminologist
1243:, Harper Avenue (
1220:978-0-226-56068-7
1122:978-0-857-65415-1
1047:The Criminologist
1032:978-0-9759129-4-2
977:. Absolute Crime.
575:William Broadbent
520:life imprisonment
392:McGill University
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258:Life imprisonment
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1313:Rumbelow, Donald
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32:This article
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1203:Bibliography
1189:. Retrieved
1185:The Guardian
1183:
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1161:. Retrieved
1157:the original
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179:(1892-11-15)
120:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1371:1892 deaths
1351:1850 births
1323:Ltd: 1988.
1295:Jobb, Dean,
767:Alec Newman
763:Joseph Bell
705:Chris Scott
689:Donald Bell
448:consumption
400:MDCM degree
388:Quebec City
349:sex workers
322:3 June 1892
161:27 May 1850
144: 1890
1345:Categories
1232:. Penguin.
1191:19 January
1163:19 January
798:References
473:chloroform
416:Des Moines
374:Early life
345:strychnine
260:(Illinois)
244:(Illinois)
167:, Scotland
157:1850-05-27
69:newspapers
1506:Poisoners
993:The Times
567:W H Smith
543:Liverpool
497:blackmail
450:in 1877.
412:Edinburgh
353:abortions
311:Middlesex
288:1881–1892
265:(England)
249:(England)
188:, England
99:July 2019
1153:Mystery!
786:See also
742:BBC Four
719:Analysis
512:epilepsy
443:abortion
435:Waterloo
396:Montreal
368:Illinois
307:Illinois
302:State(s)
774:BBC One
707:won an
597:Capture
555:Lambeth
493:Chicago
483:Chicago
477:forgery
454:Murders
428:Ontario
380:Glasgow
293:Country
278:5 known
275:Victims
270:Details
224:
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165:Glasgow
83:scholar
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1282:, 1978
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1124:p. 83.
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949:Ch. 5.
945:
924:29 May
869:29 May
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725:sadist
537:London
439:Quebec
424:London
408:London
247:Murder
242:Murder
204:Spouse
139:Cream
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803:Notes
779:River
469:privy
263:Death
218:(
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90:JSTOR
76:books
1325:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1215:ISBN
1193:2019
1165:2019
1118:ISBN
1027:ISBN
943:ISBN
926:2022
871:2022
826:ISBN
761:and
713:Jack
420:Iowa
309:and
173:Died
151:Born
62:news
748:.
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