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Three Welsh Romances

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411: 212: 377:, courts Enid. The couple marry and settle down together, but rumors spread that Geraint has gone soft. Upset about this, Enid cries to herself that she is not a true wife for keeping her husband from his chivalric duties, but Geraint misunderstands her comment to mean she has been unfaithful to him. He makes her join him on a long and dangerous trip and commands her not to speak to him. Enid disregards this command several times to warn her husband of danger. Several adventures follow that prove Enid's love and Geraint's fighting ability. The couple is happily reconciled in the end, and Geraint inherits his father's kingdom. 304: 22: 277:
was directly or indirectly based on Chrétien's poem, with local literary touches added to appeal to a Welsh audience. It is still possible that Chrétien in turn had a Welsh source, evidence of which can be found in certain episodes in the
262:, but losing her when he neglects her for knightly exploits. With the aid of a lion he saves from a serpent, he finds a balance between his marital and social duties and rejoins his wife. 384:
from Chrétien's poem is based on Geraint, but others think the Welsh author simply replaced an unfamiliar French name with one his audience would recognize and associate with heroism.
400:. They were originally published as a single poem called "Enid" in 1859; he later split it into two poems, "The Marriage of Geraint" and "Geraint and Enid". 152:. Critics have debated whether the Welsh Romances are based on Chrétien's poems or if they derive from a shared original. The Romances survive in the 1456: 540: 380:
Enid does not appear in Welsh sources outside of this romance, but Geraint was already a popular figure. Some scholars hold that the
86: 58: 1477: 443:, but it contains many striking differences from that work, most notably the absence of the French poem's central object, the 39: 65: 510:
Thomson, R.L. (1991). "Owain: Chwedl Iarlles y Ffynnon". In Rachel Bromwich, A. O. H. Jarman and Brynley F. Roberts (ed.).
458:'s court to become a knight. The young Peredur embarks on a series of adventures, culminating in his battle against the 1492: 1487: 472:
Aronstein, Susan (1994). "When Arthur Held Court in Caer Llion: Love, Marriage, and the Politics of Centralization in
72: 105: 439: 197: 54: 1312: 43: 576: 533: 238: 172: 717: 972: 609: 410: 1497: 526: 211: 79: 1377: 1250: 730: 351: 243: 153: 32: 191: 671: 664: 423: 415: 387: 216: 602: 595: 434: 333: 229: 149: 678: 588: 8: 1482: 1368: 992: 952: 937: 355: 247: 157: 807: 877: 862: 757: 736: 724: 392: 313: 1307: 1087: 1057: 1052: 907: 629: 620: 374: 342:; some scholars think the two derive from a common lost source, while others believe 917: 285:(also called St Kentigern), where the saint's father Owain tries to woo his mother, 1042: 977: 549: 459: 160:, both from the 14th century, though the material is at least as old as Chrétien. 1215: 1062: 887: 867: 822: 636: 560: 255: 1435: 1292: 1225: 1072: 1067: 1027: 827: 338: 286: 183: 123: 303: 1471: 1395: 1317: 1220: 1012: 892: 882: 1245: 1327: 1285: 1280: 1235: 1162: 987: 857: 710: 135: 1265: 518: 512:
The Arthur of the Welsh: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Welsh Literature
447:. Versions of the text survive in four manuscripts from the 14th century. 273:
were derived from a common lost source, but it now seems more likely that
1446: 1403: 1332: 1167: 1077: 777: 455: 366: 308: 1451: 1197: 1187: 1137: 1032: 957: 932: 902: 842: 797: 703: 444: 233: 140: 1440: 1391: 1381: 1363: 1270: 1260: 1177: 1132: 1092: 1082: 922: 852: 787: 772: 281: 145: 21: 1357: 1353: 1302: 1182: 1157: 1037: 1017: 947: 897: 832: 802: 792: 782: 762: 696: 350:(though ChrĂ©tien may have had a Celtic source). It survives in the 1418: 1409: 1399: 1387: 1297: 1192: 1172: 1147: 1142: 1112: 1107: 1007: 982: 927: 912: 847: 817: 812: 451: 362: 259: 1322: 1047: 1414: 1275: 1255: 1240: 1122: 1117: 1102: 1022: 1002: 997: 942: 643: 872: 1373: 1348: 1230: 1152: 1127: 967: 962: 837: 767: 370: 289:'s daughter, and which exhibit parallels to the narrative of 251: 1097: 381: 258:. The romance consists of a hero marrying his love, the 650: 514:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 159–69. 503:
CSANA Yearbook 1: The Individual in Celtic Literatures
204: 46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 493:Fulton, Helen (2001). "Individual and Society in 1469: 250:, both from the 14th century. The tale's hero, 534: 505:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 15–50. 1457:Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain 548: 128: 541: 527: 471: 106:Learn how and when to remove this message 409: 403: 302: 210: 509: 1470: 492: 148:tales that also appear in the work of 657: 522: 311:and George Rhead's illustration for 254:, is based on the historical figure 44:adding citations to reliable sources 15: 346:is based directly or indirectly on 296: 13: 651:Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain 465: 225:Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain 206:Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain 195:, which corresponds to ChrĂ©tien's 181:, which corresponds to ChrĂ©tien's 170:; which corresponds to ChrĂ©tien's 168:Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain 14: 1509: 361:The romance concerns the love of 501:". In Joseph Falaky Nagy (ed.). 440:Perceval, the Story of the Grail 414:The opening lines of Peredur on 215:The opening lines of Owain from 198:Perceval, the Story of the Grail 20: 307:"Enid and Geraint Reconciled", 31:needs additional citations for 358:, both from the 14th century. 163:The Three Welsh Romances are: 1: 1478:Arthurian literature in Welsh 239:Yvain, the Knight of the Lion 173:Yvain, the Knight of the Lion 7: 10: 1514: 718:The Dream of Macsen Wledig 421: 369:'s men, and the beautiful 326:, also known by the title 138:tales associated with the 1493:Welsh-language literature 1488:Medieval Welsh literature 1428: 1341: 1206: 750: 688: 619: 575: 568: 557: 265:It was once thought that 450:The tale's protagonist 373:. Geraint, son of King 352:White Book of Rhydderch 244:White Book of Rhydderch 154:White Book of Rhydderch 144:. They are versions of 1241:Cavall (Cafall, Cabal) 419: 318: 220: 192:Peredur, son of Efrawg 129: 55:"Three Welsh Romances" 672:The Dream of Rhonabwy 665:Peredur son of Efrawg 577:Four Branches of the 437:' unfinished romance 430:Peredur son of Efrawg 424:Peredur son of Efrawg 416:Jesus College, Oxford 413: 405:Peredur son of Efrawg 388:Alfred, Lord Tennyson 329:Geraint, son of Erbin 306: 242:. It survives in the 217:Jesus College, Oxford 214: 679:Geraint son of Erbin 589:Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed 336:' 12th-century poem 260:Lady of the Fountain 120:Three Welsh Romances 40:improve this article 1447:Cauldron of rebirth 953:Goreu fab Custennin 938:Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr 433:is associated with 356:Red Book of Hergest 248:Red Book of Hergest 158:Red Book of Hergest 863:Cymidei Cymeinfoll 758:Afaon fab Taliesin 737:Lludd and Llefelys 725:Englynion y Beddau 603:Manawydan fab LlĹ·r 596:Branwen ferch LlĹ·r 435:ChrĂ©tien de Troyes 420: 393:Idylls of the King 334:ChrĂ©tien de Troyes 332:, is analogous to 319: 314:Idylls of the King 230:ChrĂ©tien de Troyes 221: 150:ChrĂ©tien de Troyes 1465: 1464: 908:Elffin ap Gwyddno 746: 745: 630:Culhwch and Olwen 610:Math fab Mathonwy 390:based two of his 375:Erbin of Dumnonia 116: 115: 108: 90: 1505: 1369:Cantre'r Gwaelod 978:Gwyddno Garanhir 658:Geraint and Enid 573: 572: 550:Celtic mythology 543: 536: 529: 520: 519: 515: 506: 489: 460:nine sorceresses 398:Geraint and Enid 323:Geraint and Enid 298:Geraint and Enid 228:is analogous to 179:Geraint and Enid 132: 111: 104: 100: 97: 91: 89: 48: 24: 16: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1498:Welsh mythology 1468: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1424: 1337: 1308:Llamhigyn y Dŵr 1216:Adar Llwch Gwin 1208: 1202: 888:Dywel fab Erbin 823:Caradog ap Bran 742: 684: 637:Preiddeu Annwfn 615: 569:Texts and tales 564: 561:Welsh mythology 553: 547: 468: 466:Further reading 426: 408: 301: 256:Owain mab Urien 209: 112: 101: 95: 92: 49: 47: 37: 25: 12: 11: 5: 1511: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1438: 1436:Cross of Neith 1432: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1422: 1412: 1407: 1385: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1351: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1293:Gwragedd Annwn 1290: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1226:Aderyn y Corff 1223: 1218: 1212: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1195: 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998:Gwalchmei 923:Euroswydd 853:Cyhyraeth 788:Beli Mawr 773:Arianrhod 621:Arthurian 488:: 215–28. 365:, one of 282:St. Mungo 146:Arthurian 96:June 2018 1358:Celliwig 1354:Cornwall 1303:Gwyllion 1276:Dreigiau 1183:Taliesin 1158:Rhiannon 1038:Llefelys 1018:Hychddwn 948:Gofannon 898:Efnysien 833:Ceridwen 793:Bleiddwn 783:Afallach 763:Amaethon 697:Taliesin 579:Mabinogi 418:(MS 111) 354:and the 280:Life of 246:and the 219:(MS 111) 156:and the 1419:Ludgate 1410:Ireland 1400:Ardudwy 1388:Gwynedd 1378:Arberth 1313:Morgens 1298:Gwyllgi 1193:Teyrnon 1173:Sanddef 1148:Pryderi 1143:Peredur 1118:Myrddin 1113:Morfran 1108:Morfydd 1008:Hefeydd 993:Gwythyr 983:Gwydion 928:Geraint 913:Eliwlod 878:Drudwas 848:Culhwch 813:Branwen 474:Gereint 452:Peredur 363:Geraint 344:Geraint 80:scholar 1415:London 1382:Gwales 1256:Coblyn 1123:Nisien 1103:Modron 1023:Hyddwn 1003:Hafgan 973:Gwrhyr 943:Goewin 918:Eufydd 803:Bedwyr 778:Arthur 644:Pa gur 552:series 482:Viator 317:(1898) 82:  75:  68:  61:  53:  1429:Items 1396:Arfon 1374:Dyfed 1349:Annwn 1286:White 1251:Cewri 1231:Afanc 1153:Pwyll 1128:Olwen 1063:Mabon 1058:Llwyd 1053:Lludd 1033:Idris 968:Gwern 963:Gwawl 868:Cynon 838:Cigfa 768:Arawn 689:Other 478:Owein 445:grail 291:Yvain 275:Owain 271:Yvain 267:Owain 252:Yvain 236:poem 124:Welsh 87:JSTOR 73:books 1323:Pwca 1098:Menw 1088:Math 1048:LlĹ·r 1043:Lleu 903:Elen 497:and 476:and 382:Erec 371:Enid 348:Erec 269:and 118:The 59:news 1281:Red 873:DĂ´n 818:Cai 480:". 396:on 42:by 1474:: 1402:, 1398:, 1394:, 1380:, 486:25 484:. 462:. 293:. 232:' 126:: 1421:) 1417:( 1406:) 1390:( 1384:) 1376:( 1360:) 1356:( 542:e 535:t 528:v 187:. 122:( 109:) 103:( 98:) 94:( 84:· 77:· 70:· 63:· 36:.

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"Three Welsh Romances"
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Welsh
Middle Welsh
Mabinogion
Arthurian
Chrétien de Troyes
White Book of Rhydderch
Red Book of Hergest
Yvain, the Knight of the Lion
Erec and Enide
Peredur, son of Efrawg
Perceval, the Story of the Grail

Jesus College, Oxford
Chrétien de Troyes
Old French
Yvain, the Knight of the Lion
White Book of Rhydderch
Red Book of Hergest
Yvain

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