372:
627:
95:
876:
587:
30:
991:
elementary school to teach
Standard Moroccan Amazigh. However, practical use of Tifinagh in Morocco remains rare; one Amazigh activist has summarized the situation with the anecdote that he " that some books that were written in Tifinagh were read by only two people ... the one who wrote the book and
823:
In 1970, a meeting took place to decide on a system of writing. Falling under the
Influence of Mahdjoubi Ahardane, Bessaoud opted for Tifinagh. Ahardane argued that Tifinagh was not merely a script but a testament to Berber history and identity. Further steps were taken afterwards regarding the
412:
while others argue an independent conception with slight
Phoenician influences. Its first appearance is also uncertain, but it is no older than the first millennium BCE, with the oldest remains likely originating from the 6th century BCE. It disappeared in the northernmost areas of North Africa
464:
According to M. C. A. MacDonald, the Tuareg are "an entirely oral society in which memory and oral communication perform all the functions which reading and writing have in a literate society ... The
Tifinagh are used primarily for games and puzzles, short graffiti and brief messages."
550:
Traditionally, the
Tifinagh script does not indicate vowels except word-finally, where a single dot stands for any vowel (or ⵢ and ⵓ for -i and -u, respectively, in Ahaggar Tifinagh). In some areas, Arabic vowel diacritics are combined with Tifinagh letters to transcribe vowels, or
835:
writer and fervent advocate of the
Tifinagh script, passionately defended the use of Tifinagh, he has been elected secretary general of the Berber Academy, now called Agraw Imazighen, in the Paris region. propagating the Academy's publications and cultural activities.
4452:
4654:
995:
Despite Neo-Tifinagh's
Algerian origins through the Berber Academy and UPA, the Latin alphabet became the predominant used script. Debate in what script to use for Berber languages tends to view the Latin and Arabic scripts as the primary options.
6075:
428:
was not marked. The writing was usually from the bottom to the top, although right-to-left, and even other orders, were also found. The letters took different forms when written vertically than when they were written horizontally.
983:
Due to the official adoption of Neo-Tifinagh in
Morocco in 2003, the script has been adapted by the Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture for modern digital use. Government websites in Morocco may be displayed in Neo-Tifinagh.
907:
throughout the 1960s and 1970s. The use of Neo-Tifinagh in their publications was influential in raising Berber consciousness; one reader has described its effect as being "the proof that we actually existed."
800:
Initially, the
Academy had to choose a script to transliterate the Berber language. The choice between Tifinagh and Latin scripts then sparked intense debate both within and outside the Academy.
949:
as
Amazigh's official orthography. This choice, however, has also resulted in backlash from many Amazigh activists, who find Tifinagh to be limiting when compared to the Latin script.
5719:
5699:
941:
In Morocco, following the creation of Standard Moroccan Amazigh in 2001, the 2003 adoption of Neo-Tifinagh served as a way to compromise between the deeply split proponents of the
5848:
5843:
865:. He remained convinced that Tifinagh was the best graphical tool to express Berber language and culture, seeing it as part of the cultural heritage and identity to be defended.
5982:
397:). The Libyco-Berber script is found in thousands of stone inscriptions and engravings throughout Morocco, northern Algeria, Tunisia, northern Libya and the Canary Islands.
4863:
400:
The exact evolution of both Libyco-Berber and Tifinagh is still unclear. The latter writing system was widely used in antiquity by speakers of the largely undeciphered
5989:
5996:
5858:
5853:
5600:
5595:
872:
streamlined its characters from 50 to 26. This process inspired the Afus Deg Fus association to create the first set of standardized Neo-Tifinagh fonts in 1993.
810:
and Ramdane Achab, who argued that Tifinagh was archaic, obsolete, non-cursive, and impractical. Despite the criticism, Bessaoud persisted in promoting Tifinagh.
5590:
5585:
5112:[Libyan security authorities to prevent the publication of the official poster for the festival traditional costume Pkpau] (in Arabic). TAWALT. 2007.
4898:
515:
are adjacent to themselves or to each other, the second is offset, either by inclining, lowering, raising, or shortening it. For example, since the letter
4215:
5645:
5771:
5569:
779:
6672:
6156:
992:
the one who did the editing!" Public displays of Tifinagh in Morocco remains restricted primarily to signage and other culturally conspicuous uses.
7102:
7092:
6667:
7082:
7072:
6662:
6657:
6652:
5046:
4994:
4814:
4702:
5412:"Writing Berber Languages: a quick summaryurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041205195808/http://www.geocities.com/lameens/tifinagh/index.html"
8798:
7087:
861:
By 1980, Negadi founded his spin off organization UPA (Amazigh People Union), which published a bulletin in both Latin and Tifinagh, called
6231:
5493:
278:. However, outside of symbolic cultural uses, Latin remains the dominant script for writing Berber languages throughout North Africa.
8830:
353:
because all the northern Berbers of Morocco, northern Algeria, Tunisia and northern Libya have a different (and probably older) verb
4416:
Landscapes, Sources and Intellectual Projects of the West African Past: Essays in Honour of Paulo Fernando de Moraes Farias, p. 185
5411:
4625:
6106:
4281:
4346:
6070:
806:, a founding member of the academy and strong Tifinagh advocate, recounted the resistance he faced from prominent figures like
8020:
9900:
6149:
5329:
Aghali-Zakara, Mohamed; and Drouin, Jeanine (1977). Recherches sur les Tifinaghs- Eléments graphiques et sociolinguistiques.
5251:
5212:
5022:
4970:
4839:
4790:
4678:
4383:
4142:
4112:
341:
could possibly mean 'the Phoenician (letters)' or 'the Punic letters'. Others support an etymology involving the Tuareg verb
8469:
5014:
Writing through the visual and virtual: inscribing language, literature, and culture in Francophone Africa and the Caribbean
6060:
4470:
Briggs, L. Cabot (February 1957). "A Review of the Physical Anthropology of the Sahara and Its Prehistoric Implications".
7906:
6218:
6065:
5336:
Ameur, Meftaha (1994). Diversité des transcriptions : pour une notation usuelle et normalisée de la langue berbère.
5173:
317:< *ta-finəɣ-t) is thought by some scholars to be a Berberized feminine plural cognate or adaptation of the Latin word
6442:
4578:
437:
The ancient Libyco-Berber script branched into the Tuareg Tifinagh script which is used to this day to write the Berber
10017:
5460:
5377:
Durand, O. (1994). Promotion du berbère : problèmes de standardisation et d’orthographe. Expériences européennes.
4426:
4166:
Soulaimani, Dris (2016-01-02). "Writing and rewriting Amazigh/Berber identity: Orthographies and language ideologies".
888:
851:
Neo-Tifinagh was spread by the Berber Academy's active promotion of the script, including its usage in their bulletin,
9668:
9654:
9624:
8763:
5766:
4356:
4318:
408:. The script's origin is uncertain, with some scholars suggesting it is related to, descended or developed from the
9886:
8603:
8000:
6142:
6447:
8326:
7587:
5144:
2918:
2136:
761:
4227:
9893:
8459:
8098:
5486:
5449:
414:
6080:
4782:
We are Imazigen : the development of Algerian Berber identity in twentieth-century literature and culture
956:
consistently banned Tifinagh from being used in public contexts such as store displays and banners. After the
8568:
8093:
7151:
4884:
961:
903:
The promotion of Neo-Tifinagh by the Berber Academy and Ammar Negadi's UPA was part of the efforts to spread
887:
Neo-Tifinagh has since undergone further reform and is used in various contexts throughout North Africa. The
7430:
9879:
9858:
7146:
6921:
6437:
6213:
5667:
5455:
2113:
2088:
2063:
2038:
2010:
1985:
1957:
1929:
1901:
1873:
1839:
1814:
1789:
1764:
1739:
1714:
1689:
1664:
1639:
1614:
1589:
1562:
1537:
1512:
1487:
1462:
1437:
1412:
1387:
1362:
1337:
1312:
1285:
1260:
1235:
1210:
1185:
1160:
1135:
1110:
1085:
1060:
1035:
847:
region starting in 1973. The goal wasn't regular correspondence but widespread dissemination of Tifinagh."
775:
771:
9759:
9738:
8418:
8413:
8108:
8010:
6532:
6223:
5634:
4924:
4036:
504:. Most of the letters have more than one common form, including mirror-images of the forms shown above.
9826:
8423:
7990:
7403:
6464:
4706:
7156:
6474:
4641:
L'histoire de l'Académie berbère et son rôle pour la promotion de la langue et de la culture Amazighes
4594:
L'histoire de l'Académie berbère et son rôle pour la promotion de la langue et de la culture Amazighes
4259:
4248:
10032:
8076:
7798:
7351:
6938:
5878:
5826:
5652:
5617:
5479:
5316:
Aghali-Zakara, Mohamed (1994). Graphèmes berbères et dilemme de diffusion: Interaction des alphabets
911:
The Moroccan state arrested and imprisoned people using Neo-Tifinagh during the 1980s and 1990s. The
892:
642:
4730:
4453:"Pluricentricity, iconisation, and instrumentalisation of language in North Africa and its diaspora"
371:
9576:
9562:
8867:
7450:
7253:
6469:
5930:
5883:
5528:
5266:, Jeu universel des caractères codés sur octets (JUC). ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 WG, vol.2, p.2739R, 2004.
3674:
3655:
638:
626:
94:
9181:
6597:
10027:
9865:
8893:
7850:
7527:
7506:
7386:
7366:
7198:
6869:
6773:
6250:
6208:
6165:
5804:
8583:
7522:
7512:
7445:
6955:
6388:
6101:
6032:
6017:
5975:
5704:
5640:
5431:
957:
935:
912:
858:
The official activities of the Berber Academy ceased when Mohand Bessaoud Arav was imprisoned.
814:"Achab Ramdane opposed my actions, calling it rekindling extinguished embers" - Said Bessaouad
757:
678:
366:
267:
236:
208:
139:
4398:
Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, p. 129
4373:
4107:. Christopher Moseley (2nd ed.). Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 58–59.
9967:
9872:
9661:
9610:
9070:
8992:
8756:
8695:
8680:
8249:
8128:
7870:
7830:
7562:
7238:
6422:
6410:
6383:
6368:
6037:
6027:
5821:
5731:
5517:
4282:
History of Humanity: From the seventh to the sixteenth century. Edited by Sigfried J. de Laet
972:, has included the Berber language and the Neo-Tifinagh alphabet in some of its programming.
667:
442:
263:
185:
129:
8675:
7880:
4060:
4047:
975:
Tifinagh continues to be used as "an emblem of distinctive Berber identity and nationhood."
9731:
9482:
9159:
8655:
8310:
8274:
7679:
7602:
7435:
7183:
7173:
7012:
6995:
6311:
5920:
5915:
5776:
5252:"Proposition d'ajout de l'écriture tifinaghe. Organisation internationale de normalisation"
4564:
803:
661:
620:
501:
388:
275:
124:
88:
5563:
4899:"Algérie: 10 ans après son " printemps noir ", la Kabylie réclame justice – Jeune Afrique"
8:
8558:
8454:
8176:
7699:
6405:
5385:
O’Connor, Michael (1996). "The Berber scripts". In William Bright; Peter Daniels (eds.).
673:
409:
134:
6721:
5277:
10022:
10007:
9717:
9694:
9328:
9217:
9207:
9099:
9042:
9028:
8985:
8690:
8573:
8408:
8300:
8259:
8213:
8208:
8103:
8085:
7753:
7684:
7649:
7597:
7410:
7398:
6809:
6731:
6632:
6187:
6009:
5938:
5714:
5415:
5370:
Chaker, Salem (1997). La Kabylie: un processus de développement linguistique autonome.
5088:
5040:
4988:
4808:
4758:
4696:
4487:
4191:
259:
8950:
8608:
4731:"Writing and rewriting Amazigh/Berber identity: Orthographies and language ideologies"
844:
387:(northern Morocco), between 202 BCE–25 BCE, many inscriptions were engraved using the
9840:
9833:
9569:
9555:
9467:
9356:
9266:
9245:
9224:
9152:
9084:
8943:
8901:
8853:
8588:
8578:
8223:
8218:
8123:
8118:
8025:
7980:
7803:
7783:
7773:
7763:
7758:
7694:
7689:
7617:
7552:
7537:
7487:
7482:
7425:
7361:
7319:
7161:
7047:
6970:
6486:
6481:
6358:
5968:
5910:
5870:
5672:
5662:
5295:
5218:
5208:
5080:
5028:
5018:
4976:
4966:
4878:
4845:
4835:
4796:
4786:
4762:
4750:
4684:
4674:
4379:
4352:
4270:
4195:
4183:
4148:
4138:
4108:
4076:
4072:
2943:
2161:
473:
468:
Occasionally, the script has been used to write other neighbouring languages such as
401:
999:
As of 2012, Tifinagh is "not widely used in education or the media in any country."
484:
Common forms of the letters are illustrated at left, including various ligatures of
9974:
9912:
9805:
9766:
9752:
9710:
9585:
9531:
9512:
9446:
9438:
9424:
9417:
9342:
9138:
9113:
9049:
9021:
8936:
8922:
8839:
8812:
8749:
8660:
8563:
8385:
8228:
7855:
7835:
7825:
7820:
7704:
7460:
7393:
7381:
7346:
7341:
7324:
7263:
7228:
7188:
6990:
6985:
6933:
6884:
6768:
6702:
6642:
6592:
6537:
6454:
6432:
6417:
6363:
6353:
6287:
5960:
5905:
5897:
5816:
5754:
5726:
5694:
5626:
5502:
5285:
5072:
4936:
4742:
4479:
4345:
M.C.A. MacDonald (2005). Elizabeth A. Slater, C.B. Mee and Piotr Bienkowski (ed.).
4175:
4068:
2923:
2141:
869:
438:
281:
The ancient Libyco-Berber script was used by the ancient northern Berbers known as
240:
204:
173:
106:
9812:
9007:
8633:
8284:
7654:
5258:
4746:
4179:
2933:
2151:
10012:
9798:
9490:
9431:
9377:
9370:
9349:
9335:
9319:
9297:
9252:
9145:
9120:
9092:
9077:
9000:
8978:
8971:
8929:
8889:
8860:
8548:
8518:
8341:
8264:
8030:
7960:
7865:
7813:
7793:
7729:
7719:
7709:
7674:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7542:
7497:
7492:
7376:
7371:
7218:
7208:
7062:
7027:
7022:
7002:
6896:
6854:
6794:
6677:
6647:
6557:
6517:
6459:
6393:
6373:
6321:
6304:
6292:
5943:
5838:
5831:
5810:
5799:
5781:
5687:
5682:
5657:
5580:
5556:
5546:
5541:
5536:
4550:
4407:
Written Culture in a Colonial Context: Africa and the Americas 1500 – 1900, p. 11
953:
916:
807:
252:
199:
7995:
7178:
461:, where vestiges of a Tifinagh inscription have been found on one of its walls.
297:, who inhabited the northern parts of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and the
9935:
9819:
9703:
9683:
9592:
9460:
9391:
9290:
9238:
9231:
9063:
9056:
9035:
9014:
8915:
8908:
8715:
8670:
8598:
8593:
8444:
8428:
8403:
8346:
8336:
8331:
8171:
8045:
8005:
7975:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7885:
7860:
7808:
7748:
7714:
7664:
7612:
7577:
7532:
7502:
7455:
7415:
7314:
7268:
7223:
7141:
7077:
7032:
7017:
6980:
6960:
6928:
6916:
6864:
6859:
6849:
6839:
6834:
6751:
6736:
6726:
6692:
6682:
6627:
6612:
6577:
6427:
6331:
6279:
6169:
6125:
6096:
5748:
5742:
5709:
5677:
5551:
4940:
4673:. Abdelhay, Asfaha, Yonas Mesfun. Newcastle upon Tyne. 2014. pp. 151–152.
4226:(2). New Jersey: Amazigh Cultural Association in America (ACAA). Archived from
3679:
1007:
The following are the letters of Neo-Tifinagh and traditional Tuareg Tifinagh:
794:
747:
454:
405:
298:
248:
8145:
5177:
5032:
10001:
9942:
9791:
9724:
9647:
9617:
9475:
9453:
9384:
9280:
9259:
9106:
8964:
8882:
8875:
8846:
8805:
8720:
8710:
8705:
8492:
8186:
7845:
7788:
7440:
7213:
7097:
7052:
7007:
6975:
6824:
6741:
6714:
6687:
6617:
6602:
6587:
6542:
6299:
5759:
5607:
5299:
5222:
5084:
4980:
4849:
4800:
4754:
4688:
4187:
4152:
4080:
946:
868:
The UPA bulletins continued to promote the Tifinagh alphabet, while activist
832:
741:
216:
6761:
4430:
9398:
9363:
9304:
8791:
8553:
8449:
8362:
8254:
8155:
7965:
7778:
7743:
7724:
7659:
7547:
7309:
7233:
7042:
7037:
6948:
6943:
6879:
6819:
6799:
6756:
6746:
6697:
6582:
6562:
6552:
6400:
6378:
6336:
6134:
5737:
5575:
5012:
942:
828:
53:
7607:
5202:
4960:
4829:
4780:
4668:
4271:
Libyco-Berber relations with ancient Egypt: the Tehenu in Egyptian records
4132:
9981:
9745:
9676:
8957:
8648:
8508:
8269:
8113:
7970:
7875:
7644:
7572:
7557:
7465:
7258:
7168:
7067:
7057:
6911:
6874:
6829:
6814:
6789:
6709:
6637:
6622:
6326:
5290:
3943:
2928:
2146:
923:
270:. Tifinagh is the official script for Tamazight, an official language of
8638:
8613:
8181:
7624:
7114:
7109:
6965:
6906:
6547:
5092:
5064:
4491:
493:
450:
425:
384:
5452:, a database of Libyco-Berber inscriptions with images and information
5204:
The Berber identity movement and the challenge to North African states
5152:
5109:سلطات الامن الليبية تمنع نشر الملصق الرسمي لمهرجان الزي التقليدي بكباو
4831:
The Berber identity movement and the challenge to North African states
4348:
Writing and Ancient Near East Society: Essays in Honor of Alan Millard
4134:
The Berber identity movement and the challenge to North African states
855:, which was widely read by Berber communities in Algeria and Morocco.
417:, Libyco-Berber along with Latin being replaced by the Arabic script.
9949:
9928:
9921:
8700:
8537:
8233:
8200:
8035:
7926:
7475:
7203:
7119:
6844:
5207:(1st ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 193–195.
4925:"The Hirak. The Visual Performance of Diversity in Algerian Protests"
4137:(1st ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 171–172.
904:
891:
has standardized Neo-Tifinagh for use as the official orthography of
707:
458:
286:
8643:
5236:"Morocco draft law on official use of Berber language scrutinised".
5076:
4483:
8665:
8628:
8623:
8503:
8464:
8305:
8064:
7949:
7582:
7470:
7420:
7291:
6804:
6607:
6567:
6341:
6192:
5471:
5357:
Chaker, Salem (1996). Propositions pour la notation usuelle à base
5331:
Comptes-rendus du Groupe Linguistique des Etudes Chamito-Sémitiques
4059:
Camps, G.; Claudot-Hawad, H.; Chaker, S.; Abrous, D. (1996-08-01).
965:
790:
767:
598:
446:
8685:
934:, began being used in demonstrations. The flag was adopted by the
8772:
8279:
8150:
8040:
8015:
7901:
7738:
7592:
7567:
7336:
7243:
6891:
6505:
6316:
5402:
Savage, Andrew. 2008. Writing Tuareg – the three script options.
5350:
Chaker, Salem (1994). Pour une notation usuelle à base Tifinagh.
5343:
Boukous, Ahmed (1997). Situation sociolinguistique de l’Amazigh.
5278:"Déchiffrages. Quelques réflexions sur l'écriture libyco-berbère"
5106:
3661:
2938:
2156:
988:
875:
723:
380:
379:
Before or during the existence of the ancient Berber kingdoms of
282:
271:
224:
4638:
4591:
3798:
3757:
987:
Starting in 2003, Neo-Tifinagh was used for a small duration of
843:"I distributed all of Agraw Imazighen's writings throughout the
9773:
7517:
7329:
7248:
7193:
6901:
6572:
5466:
5123:
4834:(1st ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 75.
469:
220:
4058:
8140:
8135:
7985:
7768:
7669:
7356:
6267:
4319:"Africa's ancient scripts counter European ideas of literacy"
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
969:
964:
has shown an openness towards the Berber language. The rebel
421:
294:
232:
66:
35:
4866:. Amazighworld.org. Archived from the original on 2009-05-03
4864:"Rapport sur le calvaire de l'écriture en Tifinagh au Maroc"
3917:
496:, though phonemic, is not indicated in Tifinagh. The letter
8618:
8513:
586:
290:
228:
4023:
3828:
926:, which was designed in 1970 and uses the Tifinagh letter
255:; it has been since modified for use across North Africa.
4626:"Ammar Negadi, ce symbole amazigh de l'Aurès authentique"
4375:
Language and Identity in the Middle East and North Africa
4037:
L'ECRITURE LIBYCO-BERBERE: Etat des lieux et perspectives
3869:
3851:
3848:
3831:
3813:
3664:
Standard in March 2005, with the release of version 4.1.
500:, ⵜ, is often combined with a preceding letter to form a
3996:
3905:
3819:
3801:
3784:
189:
29:
4216:"Which Script for Tamazight, Whose Choice is it ?"
3982:
3872:
3667:
The Unicode block range for Tifinagh is U+2D30–U+2D7F:
404:, also called Old Libyan, throughout Africa and on the
321:'Punic, Phoenician' through the Berber feminine prefix
46:
5389:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 112–116.
5011:
Larrier, Renée Brenda; Alidou, Ousseina, eds. (2015).
3951:
2105:
2080:
2055:
2030:
2002:
1977:
1949:
1921:
1893:
1865:
5463:, a fact file on Tifinagh and a legend of characters
4249:
Libyco-Berber – 2nd (9th?) century BC-7th century AD
1831:
1806:
1781:
1756:
1731:
1706:
1681:
1656:
1631:
1606:
1581:
1554:
1529:
1504:
1479:
1454:
1429:
1404:
1379:
1354:
1329:
1304:
1277:
1252:
1227:
1202:
1177:
1152:
1127:
1102:
1077:
1052:
1027:
766:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
445:
family. Early uses of the script have been found on
5062:
3787:
3772:
3754:
5404:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
5372:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
5345:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
4579:"L'interview de Ammar Negadi censurée par Liberté"
3920:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3881:
3878:
3866:
3863:
3825:
3810:
3804:
3769:
3766:
3748:
5456:Academic papers on the Libyco-Berber inscriptions
5282:Afriques. Débats, méthodes et terrains d'histoire
4537:Académie berbère - Genèse et question identitaire
3914:
3911:
3904:
3901:
3884:
3875:
3860:
3854:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3816:
3807:
3795:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3763:
3760:
3751:
3745:
375:Libyco-Berber inscriptions in Oukaimeden, Morocco
9999:
4962:Historical dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen)
4606:
4344:
3926:
3923:
3857:
3822:
3742:
780:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
4551:"Ammar Negadi, interview with Salim Guettouchi"
4105:The Routledge handbook of scripts and alphabets
5200:
4965:(2nd ed.). Lanham, Maryland. p. 29.
4827:
4130:
4048:LBI LIBYCO-BERBER INSCRIPTIONS ONLINE DATABASE
211:. The traditional Tifinagh, sometimes called
39:
8757:
6150:
5487:
5010:
915:was also partly caused by this repression of
6164:
5384:
5358:
5317:
4304:
4008:Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
392:
5063:Silverstein, Paul; Crawford, David (2004).
4340:
4338:
4260:Written in stone: the Libyco-Berber scripts
527:may be written |/ to differentiate it from
441:, which belong to the Berber branch of the
8764:
8750:
6157:
6143:
5494:
5480:
5045:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4993:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4813:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4728:
4701:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4316:
4165:
625:
585:
93:
38:. The name is written in Tuareg Tifinagh (
28:
5289:
5065:"Amazigh Activism and the Moroccan State"
4639:Boukacem Sarah and Taleb Melissa (2023).
4592:Boukacem Sarah and Taleb Melissa (2023).
4519:
258:Tifinagh is one of three major competing
207:. Tifinagh is descended from the ancient
5393:
4958:
4450:
4371:
4335:
4292:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4102:
874:
370:
251:by adopting Tuareg Tifinagh for use for
79:6th century BCE – present
6107:Amazigh Cultural Association in America
5275:
5174:"Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe"
4504:
4419:
4004:
10000:
4922:
4774:
4772:
4620:
4618:
4469:
3680:Official Unicode Consortium code chart
198:
9901:American Printing House for the Blind
9677:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
9329:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
8745:
8535:
8490:
8383:
8062:
7947:
7289:
6503:
6265:
6248:
6138:
5475:
5409:
5196:
5194:
5107:"Operations Automation Default Page"
5058:
5056:
5006:
5004:
4785:. Gainesville, FL. pp. 115–116.
4778:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4213:
4202:
3638:
3636:
453:. Among these are the 1,500 year old
345:'to write'. However, the Tuareg verb
8384:
5501:
4655:"في الذكرى الأولى لرحيل مسعود نجاحي"
4609:De petits gens pour une grande cause
4534:
4522:De petits gens pour une grande cause
4126:
4124:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4090:
898:
770:. For the distinction between ,
623:, top-to-bottom, bottom-to-top
420:The Libyco-Berber script was a pure
91:, top-to-bottom, bottom-to-top
8771:
5398:. Los Angeles: Undena Publications.
5166:
5099:
4916:
4856:
4769:
4615:
4410:
4365:
4351:. T.& T.Clark Ltd. p. 60.
4298:
4275:
895:, an official language of Morocco.
13:
8491:
5244:
5191:
5053:
5017:. Lanham, Maryland. pp. xii.
5001:
4821:
4713:
4661:
4253:
3633:
889:Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture
432:
413:during the 8th century, after the
349:is probably derived from the noun
14:
10044:
5443:
5276:Casajus, Dominique (2011-02-01).
4935:(2), University of Salento: 693,
4429:. Ancient Scripts. Archived from
4378:. Psychology Press. p. 173.
4220:Amazigh Voice (Taghect Tamazight)
4159:
4121:
4087:
839:Negadi reflected on his efforts:
789:Neo-Tifinagh is the modern fully
4073:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2125
3984: ⵿
1849:IRCAM extended Tifinagh letters
718:, Tifinagh (Berber)
391:, also known as Ancient Libyan (
360:
247:is an alphabet developed by the
203:) is a script used to write the
8536:
5310:
5269:
5229:
5137:
5116:
4952:
4891:
4729:Soulaimani, Dris (2016-01-02).
4647:
4632:
4600:
4585:
4571:
4557:
4543:
4528:
4513:
4498:
4463:
4444:
4401:
4392:
4310:
4286:
4264:
3906:
930:(Tifinagh: ⵣ) from the root of
824:standardization of the script.
762:International Phonetic Alphabet
566:
523:a single line, |, the sequence
40:
6230:Languages by writing system /
5201:Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (2011).
4828:Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (2011).
4670:African Literacies: Ideologies
4242:
4131:Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (2011).
4052:
4041:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
571:
479:
472:, which belongs to a separate
1:
9669:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
9625:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
8063:
7948:
7290:
4747:10.1080/17586801.2015.1023176
4180:10.1080/17586801.2015.1023176
4067:(in French) (17): 2564–2585.
4016:
978:
962:National Transitional Council
16:Abjad of the Tuareg languages
9880:National Braille Association
9859:Braille Institute of America
9577:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
6504:
5394:Penchoen, Thomas G. (1973).
5379:Etudes et Documents Berbères
5365:Etudes et Documents Berbères
5352:Etudes et Documents Berbères
5338:Etudes et Documents Berbères
5324:Etudes et Documents Berbères
5151:. 2021-11-17. Archived from
4596:(in French). pp. 41–42.
4103:Campbell, George L. (2012).
2106:
2081:
2056:
2031:
2003:
1978:
1950:
1922:
1894:
1866:
1832:
1807:
1782:
1757:
1732:
1707:
1682:
1657:
1632:
1607:
1582:
1555:
1530:
1505:
1480:
1455:
1430:
1405:
1380:
1355:
1330:
1305:
1278:
1253:
1228:
1203:
1178:
1153:
1128:
1103:
1078:
1053:
1028:
1011:IRCAM Neo-Tifinagh alphabet
952:In Libya, the government of
755: This article contains
415:Arab conquest of the Maghreb
304:
190:
7:
9760:Refreshable braille display
9739:Optical braille recognition
9336:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
8868:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
8011:New Epoch Notation Painting
5461:ancientscripts.com – Berber
5387:The World's Writing Systems
5124:"Libya TV – News in Berber"
819:Efforts to Promote Tifinagh
163:Neo-Tifinagh (20th century)
10:
10049:
9827:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
6266:
5734:(transitional to Eastern)
5414:. L. Souag. Archived from
5396:Tamazight of the Ayt Ndhir
5238:BBC Monitoring Middle East
5176:. Ircam.ma. Archived from
4941:10.1285/i20356609v14i2p681
4929:Partecipazione e Conflitto
4923:Fedele, Valentina (2021),
4451:Lafkioui, Mena B. (2024).
4000:As of Unicode version 16.0
3989:
3672:
3660:Tifinagh was added to the
3653:
3649:
1002:
683:Tifinagh (Tuareg Tifinagh)
519:is a double line, ||, and
364:
215:, is still favored by the
10018:Writing systems of Africa
9959:
9910:
9850:
9783:
9693:
9639:
9602:
9563:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
9542:
9523:
9504:
9409:
9315:
9276:
9203:
9130:
8829:
8822:
8783:
8741:
8544:
8531:
8499:
8486:
8437:
8396:
8392:
8379:
8355:
8319:
8293:
8242:
8199:
8164:
8084:
8077:Chinese family of scripts
8075:
8071:
8058:
7956:
7943:
7894:
7302:
7298:
7285:
7147:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
7134:
6782:
6525:
6516:
6512:
6499:
6274:
6261:
6257:
6249:
6244:
6232:by first written accounts
6201:
6180:
6176:
6119:
6089:
6053:
6046:
6008:
5952:
5929:
5896:
5869:
5792:
5625:
5616:
5527:
5509:
4883:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
893:Standard Moroccan Amazigh
753:
739:
729:
722:
706:
701:
653:
648:
643:Northern Berber languages
634:
615:
605:
593:
584:
578:
157:
117:
112:
102:
83:
73:
61:
27:
21:
9550:Chinese semi-syllabaries
8813:Unicode braille patterns
8799:International uniformity
7254:Thomas Natural Shorthand
5637:(transitional to Atlas)
5108:
4959:Ilahiane, Hsain (2017).
4735:Writing Systems Research
4643:(in French). p. 53.
4372:Suleiman, Yasir (1996).
4168:Writing Systems Research
3656:Tifinagh (Unicode block)
793:script developed by the
639:Standard Moroccan Berber
457:of the Tuareg matriarch
34:Entrance to the town of
9887:Blindness organizations
9866:Braille Without Borders
9655:Canadian currency marks
9277:Egyptian lineage family
8460:Southwest Paleohispanic
5467:artistic Tifinagh fonts
4905:(in French). 2011-04-20
4520:Arav Bessaoud, Mohand.
758:phonetic transcriptions
383:(northern Algeria) and
9204:Russian lineage family
8604:Great Lakes Algonquian
7513:Greco-Iberian alphabet
7446:Gabelsberger shorthand
6389:Inscriptional Parthian
6102:World Amazigh Congress
6033:Berber Arabic alphabet
6018:Libyco-Berber alphabet
5432:Encyclopaedia of Islam
5410:Souag, Lameen (2004).
5359:
5318:
4607:Mohand Arav Bessaoud.
4565:"Who is Ammar Negadi?"
936:World Amazigh Congress
884:
883:by Ammar Negadi - 1980
849:
816:
679:Libyco-Berber alphabet
393:
376:
367:Libyco-Berber alphabet
209:Libyco-Berber alphabet
174:Tuareg Berber language
140:Libyco-Berber alphabet
107:Tuareg Berber language
9968:Accessible publishing
9894:Schools for the blind
9873:Japan Braille Library
9662:Computer Braille Code
9316:Indian lineage family
8696:Old Persian cuneiform
7563:Carolingian minuscule
6369:Ancient North Arabian
6038:Judeo-Berber alphabet
6028:Berber Latin alphabet
5668:South Oran and Figuig
5322:, ajami et tifinagh.
4779:Aïtel, Fazia (2014).
4705:) CS1 maint: others (
913:Algerian Black Spring
878:
841:
812:
668:Proto-Sinaitic script
555:may be used for long
374:
264:Berber Latin alphabet
196:Berber pronunciation:
186:Berber Latin alphabet
130:Proto-Sinaitic script
9732:Mountbatten Brailler
9087:(largely reassigned)
8870:(largely reassigned)
8419:Southeastern Iberian
8414:Northeastern Iberian
6312:Egyptian hieroglyphs
5983:Fezzan-Tripolitanian
5635:Eastern Middle Atlas
5291:10.4000/afriques.688
4230:on September 7, 2017
4214:Larbi, Hsen (2003).
4065:Encyclopédie berbère
804:Mohand Arav Bessaoud
662:Egyptian hieroglyphs
621:right-to-left script
424:; it had no vowels.
389:Libyco-Berber script
260:Berber orthographies
125:Egyptian hieroglyphs
89:right-to-left script
9684:Nemeth braille code
9470:(reassigned vowels)
8995:(extended to 8-dot)
8569:Canadian Aboriginal
8455:Khitan small script
8177:Khitan large script
7367:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
2126:
1850:
1012:
674:Phoenician alphabet
410:Phoenician alphabet
223:desert in southern
135:Phoenician alphabet
9718:Braille translator
9695:Braille technology
9671:(science; GS8/GS6)
9640:Symbols in braille
9570:Taiwanese Mandarin
9085:Taiwanese Mandarin
8691:Nwagu Aneke script
8243:Other logosyllabic
8165:Chinese-influenced
8104:Oracle bone script
8086:Chinese characters
8021:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
7411:Eclectic shorthand
7399:Duployan shorthand
7352:Caucasian Albanian
7152:Canadian syllabics
6188:History of writing
5069:Middle East Report
4535:Boumekla, Madjid.
2122:
1848:
1010:
922:In the 1980s, the
885:
797:, based in Paris.
377:
9995:
9994:
9991:
9990:
9913:tactile alphabets
9841:William Bell Wait
9834:Sabriye Tenberken
9635:
9634:
9500:
9499:
9485:(Japanese vowels)
9283:-mediated scripts
9210:-mediated scripts
8737:
8736:
8733:
8732:
8729:
8728:
8589:Ditema tsa Dinoko
8527:
8526:
8482:
8481:
8478:
8477:
8375:
8374:
8371:
8370:
8195:
8194:
8054:
8053:
7939:
7938:
7935:
7934:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7130:
7129:
6495:
6494:
6482:Teeline Shorthand
6240:
6239:
6132:
6131:
6126:extinct languages
6115:
6114:
5892:
5891:
5240:. August 4, 2016.
5214:978-0-292-73478-4
5180:on April 21, 2008
5024:978-1-4985-0164-4
4972:978-1-4422-8182-0
4841:978-0-292-73478-4
4792:978-0-8130-4895-6
4680:978-1-4438-6826-6
4524:. pp. 89–91.
4385:978-0-7007-0410-1
4144:978-0-292-73478-4
4114:978-0-203-86548-4
4014:
4013:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
2909:
2908:
2120:
2119:
1846:
1845:
899:Political history
787:
786:
507:When the letters
402:Numidian language
200:[tifinaɣ]
167:
166:
10040:
10033:Berber languages
9984:
9977:
9975:Braille literacy
9970:
9952:
9945:
9938:
9931:
9924:
9903:
9896:
9889:
9882:
9875:
9868:
9861:
9843:
9836:
9829:
9822:
9815:
9808:
9801:
9794:
9776:
9769:
9767:Slate and stylus
9762:
9755:
9753:Perkins Brailler
9748:
9741:
9734:
9727:
9720:
9713:
9711:Braille embosser
9706:
9686:
9679:
9672:
9664:
9657:
9650:
9628:
9620:
9613:
9595:
9588:
9579:
9572:
9565:
9558:
9551:
9535:
9532:American Braille
9516:
9513:Algerian Braille
9493:
9486:
9478:
9471:
9463:
9456:
9449:
9442:
9434:
9427:
9420:
9402:
9394:
9387:
9380:
9373:
9366:
9359:
9352:
9345:
9338:
9331:
9308:
9300:
9293:
9269:
9262:
9255:
9248:
9241:
9234:
9227:
9220:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9155:
9148:
9141:
9128:
9127:
9123:
9116:
9109:
9102:
9095:
9088:
9080:
9073:
9066:
9059:
9052:
9045:
9038:
9031:
9024:
9017:
9010:
9003:
8996:
8988:
8981:
8974:
8967:
8960:
8953:
8946:
8939:
8932:
8925:
8918:
8911:
8904:
8897:
8885:
8878:
8871:
8863:
8856:
8849:
8842:
8827:
8826:
8815:
8808:
8801:
8794:
8777:
8766:
8759:
8752:
8743:
8742:
8533:
8532:
8488:
8487:
8394:
8393:
8386:Semi-syllabaries
8381:
8380:
8082:
8081:
8073:
8072:
8060:
8059:
7945:
7944:
7300:
7299:
7287:
7286:
7189:Japanese Braille
6774:Zanabazar square
6643:Nepalese scripts
6533:Bengali–Assamese
6523:
6522:
6514:
6513:
6501:
6500:
6418:Pitman shorthand
6263:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6246:
6245:
6178:
6177:
6159:
6152:
6145:
6136:
6135:
6051:
6050:
5879:Moroccan Amazigh
5827:Sanhaja de Srayr
5767:Western Algerian
5705:Eastern Moroccan
5653:Northern Saharan
5623:
5622:
5503:Berber languages
5496:
5489:
5482:
5473:
5472:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5399:
5390:
5362:
5321:
5304:
5303:
5293:
5273:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5257:. Archived from
5256:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5198:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5060:
5051:
5050:
5044:
5036:
5008:
4999:
4998:
4992:
4984:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4920:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4903:JeuneAfrique.com
4895:
4889:
4888:
4882:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4804:
4776:
4767:
4766:
4726:
4711:
4710:
4700:
4692:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4622:
4613:
4612:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4507:We Are Imazighen
4502:
4496:
4495:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4408:
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4399:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4342:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4317:D. Vance Smith.
4314:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
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4211:
4200:
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4163:
4157:
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4128:
4119:
4118:
4100:
4085:
4084:
4056:
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4039:
4034:
4007:
3999:
3985:
3909:
3908:
3670:
3669:
3643:
3640:
3620:
3619:
3611:
3610:
3602:
3601:
3591:
3590:
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3561:
3560:
3550:
3549:
3541:
3540:
3520:
3519:
3511:
3510:
3502:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3463:
3462:
3454:
3453:
3445:
3444:
3436:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3406:
3405:
3397:
3396:
3388:
3387:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3369:
3349:
3348:
3336:
3335:
3315:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3279:
3278:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3221:
3201:
3200:
3192:
3191:
3183:
3182:
3174:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3144:
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3135:
3134:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3116:
3108:
3107:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3051:
3050:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3020:
3012:
3011:
3003:
3002:
2994:
2993:
2965:
2964:
2913:
2912:
2896:
2895:
2875:
2874:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2838:
2818:
2817:
2809:
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2800:
2799:
2791:
2790:
2782:
2781:
2761:
2760:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2724:
2704:
2703:
2695:
2694:
2686:
2685:
2677:
2676:
2668:
2667:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2620:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2571:
2563:
2562:
2554:
2553:
2533:
2532:
2520:
2519:
2511:
2510:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2454:
2453:
2433:
2432:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2376:
2375:
2363:
2362:
2354:
2353:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2315:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2297:
2296:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2219:
2218:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2102:
2101:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2065:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2040:
2034:
2027:
2026:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1974:
1973:
1959:
1953:
1946:
1945:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1917:
1903:
1897:
1890:
1889:
1875:
1869:
1862:
1861:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1802:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1777:
1766:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1741:
1735:
1728:
1727:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1702:
1691:
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1666:
1660:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1635:
1628:
1627:
1616:
1610:
1603:
1602:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1577:
1564:
1558:
1551:
1550:
1539:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1514:
1508:
1501:
1500:
1489:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1464:
1458:
1451:
1450:
1439:
1433:
1426:
1425:
1414:
1408:
1401:
1400:
1389:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1364:
1358:
1351:
1350:
1339:
1333:
1326:
1325:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1273:
1262:
1256:
1249:
1248:
1237:
1231:
1224:
1223:
1212:
1206:
1199:
1198:
1187:
1181:
1174:
1173:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1037:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1013:
1009:
958:Libyan Civil War
879:Publications of
870:Messaoud Nedjahi
783:
777:
773:
717:
714:
630:
629:
589:
576:
575:
439:Tuareg languages
396:
285:, also known as
241:Tuareg languages
239:for writing the
205:Berber languages
202:
197:
193:
183:
180:; Neo-Tifinagh:
179:
98:
97:
50:
49:
43:
42:
32:
19:
18:
10048:
10047:
10043:
10042:
10041:
10039:
10038:
10037:
9998:
9997:
9996:
9987:
9980:
9973:
9966:
9955:
9948:
9941:
9934:
9927:
9920:
9906:
9899:
9892:
9885:
9878:
9871:
9864:
9857:
9846:
9839:
9832:
9825:
9818:
9811:
9804:
9799:Charles Barbier
9797:
9790:
9779:
9772:
9765:
9758:
9751:
9744:
9737:
9730:
9723:
9716:
9709:
9702:
9689:
9682:
9675:
9667:
9660:
9653:
9646:
9631:
9623:
9616:
9609:
9598:
9591:
9584:
9575:
9568:
9561:
9554:
9549:
9538:
9530:
9524:Frequency-based
9519:
9511:
9496:
9489:
9481:
9474:
9466:
9459:
9452:
9445:
9437:
9430:
9423:
9416:
9405:
9397:
9390:
9383:
9376:
9369:
9362:
9355:
9348:
9341:
9334:
9327:
9320:Bharati Braille
9317:
9311:
9303:
9296:
9289:
9278:
9272:
9265:
9258:
9251:
9244:
9237:
9230:
9223:
9216:
9205:
9199:
9192:
9187:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9158:
9151:
9144:
9137:
9126:
9119:
9112:
9105:
9098:
9091:
9083:
9076:
9069:
9062:
9055:
9048:
9041:
9034:
9027:
9020:
9013:
9006:
8999:
8991:
8984:
8977:
8970:
8963:
8956:
8949:
8942:
8935:
8928:
8921:
8914:
8907:
8900:
8894:Unified English
8888:
8881:
8874:
8866:
8859:
8852:
8845:
8838:
8823:Braille scripts
8818:
8811:
8804:
8797:
8790:
8779:
8775:
8770:
8725:
8540:
8523:
8519:Stokoe notation
8495:
8474:
8433:
8388:
8367:
8351:
8315:
8294:Logoconsonantal
8289:
8238:
8191:
8160:
8067:
8050:
8031:Siglas poveiras
7952:
7931:
7890:
7794:Younger Futhark
7498:Gregg shorthand
7294:
7273:
7126:
6778:
6508:
6491:
6270:
6253:
6236:
6209:Writing systems
6197:
6172:
6170:writing systems
6163:
6133:
6128:
6111:
6085:
6071:IRCAM (Morocco)
6042:
6004:
5948:
5925:
5888:
5884:Algerian Berber
5865:
5849:Central-Western
5844:Central-Eastern
5800:Atlas languages
5788:
5732:Tunisian-Zuwara
5720:Western Riffian
5700:Central Riffian
5612:
5523:
5505:
5500:
5450:lbi-project.org
5446:
5421:
5419:
5313:
5308:
5307:
5274:
5270:
5261:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5215:
5199:
5192:
5183:
5181:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5158:
5156:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5129:
5127:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5077:10.2307/1559451
5061:
5054:
5038:
5037:
5025:
5009:
5002:
4986:
4985:
4973:
4957:
4953:
4945:
4943:
4921:
4917:
4908:
4906:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4876:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4842:
4826:
4822:
4806:
4805:
4793:
4777:
4770:
4727:
4714:
4694:
4693:
4681:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4637:
4633:
4624:
4623:
4616:
4605:
4601:
4590:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4533:
4529:
4518:
4514:
4503:
4499:
4484:10.2307/2793877
4468:
4464:
4449:
4445:
4436:
4434:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4402:
4397:
4393:
4386:
4370:
4366:
4359:
4343:
4336:
4327:
4325:
4315:
4311:
4303:
4299:
4291:
4287:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4212:
4203:
4164:
4160:
4145:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4101:
4088:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4042:
4035:
4024:
4019:
3983:
3678:
3658:
3652:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3634:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2849:
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2844:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2806:
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2801:
2797:
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2792:
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2783:
2779:
2778:
2762:
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2749:
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2744:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1842:
1836:
1829:
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1817:
1811:
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1800:
1799:
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1779:
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1761:
1754:
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1749:
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1736:
1729:
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1711:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1692:
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1679:
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1654:
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1636:
1629:
1625:
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1622:
1617:
1611:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1579:
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1574:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1288:
1282:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1005:
981:
954:Muammar Gaddafi
917:Berber language
901:
808:Mouloud Mammeri
754:
744:
732:
715:
712:
697:
656:
649:Related scripts
624:
619:Left-to-right,
611:1970 to present
608:
601:
580:
574:
569:
482:
455:monumental tomb
449:and in various
435:
433:Tuareg Tifinagh
369:
363:
355:ari ~ aru ~ ara
333:PNQ < Latin
307:
268:Arabic alphabet
235:, and northern
227:, northeastern
213:Tuareg Tifinagh
195:
181:
177:
160:
153:
120:
113:Related scripts
92:
87:Left-to-right,
76:
69:
57:
47:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10046:
10036:
10035:
10030:
10028:Berber history
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
9993:
9992:
9989:
9988:
9986:
9985:
9978:
9971:
9963:
9961:
9960:Related topics
9957:
9956:
9954:
9953:
9946:
9939:
9936:New York Point
9932:
9925:
9917:
9915:
9908:
9907:
9905:
9904:
9897:
9890:
9883:
9876:
9869:
9862:
9854:
9852:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9844:
9837:
9830:
9823:
9820:Harris Mowbray
9816:
9809:
9802:
9795:
9787:
9785:
9781:
9780:
9778:
9777:
9770:
9763:
9756:
9749:
9742:
9735:
9728:
9721:
9714:
9707:
9704:Braille e-book
9699:
9697:
9691:
9690:
9688:
9687:
9680:
9673:
9665:
9658:
9651:
9643:
9641:
9637:
9636:
9633:
9632:
9630:
9629:
9621:
9614:
9606:
9604:
9600:
9599:
9597:
9596:
9589:
9582:
9581:
9580:
9573:
9566:
9559:
9546:
9544:
9540:
9539:
9537:
9536:
9527:
9525:
9521:
9520:
9518:
9517:
9508:
9506:
9502:
9501:
9498:
9497:
9495:
9494:
9487:
9479:
9472:
9464:
9457:
9450:
9443:
9435:
9428:
9421:
9413:
9411:
9407:
9406:
9404:
9403:
9395:
9388:
9381:
9374:
9367:
9360:
9353:
9346:
9339:
9332:
9324:
9322:
9313:
9312:
9310:
9309:
9301:
9294:
9286:
9284:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9270:
9263:
9256:
9249:
9242:
9235:
9228:
9221:
9213:
9211:
9201:
9200:
9198:
9197:
9196:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9156:
9149:
9142:
9134:
9132:
9125:
9124:
9117:
9110:
9103:
9096:
9089:
9081:
9074:
9067:
9060:
9053:
9046:
9039:
9032:
9025:
9018:
9011:
9004:
8997:
8989:
8982:
8975:
8968:
8961:
8954:
8947:
8940:
8933:
8926:
8919:
8912:
8905:
8898:
8886:
8879:
8872:
8864:
8857:
8850:
8843:
8835:
8833:
8831:French-ordered
8824:
8820:
8819:
8817:
8816:
8809:
8802:
8795:
8787:
8785:
8781:
8780:
8769:
8768:
8761:
8754:
8746:
8739:
8738:
8735:
8734:
8731:
8730:
8727:
8726:
8724:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8671:Linear Elamite
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8652:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8545:
8542:
8541:
8529:
8528:
8525:
8524:
8522:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8500:
8497:
8496:
8493:Sign languages
8484:
8483:
8480:
8479:
8476:
8475:
8473:
8472:
8470:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8445:Espanca script
8441:
8439:
8435:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8404:Linear Elamite
8400:
8398:
8390:
8389:
8377:
8376:
8373:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8366:
8365:
8359:
8357:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8323:
8321:
8317:
8316:
8314:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8297:
8295:
8291:
8290:
8288:
8287:
8285:Yi (Classical)
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8246:
8244:
8240:
8239:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8205:
8203:
8197:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8190:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8168:
8166:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8111:
8109:Bronze scripts
8106:
8101:
8096:
8090:
8088:
8079:
8069:
8068:
8056:
8055:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7957:
7954:
7953:
7941:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7930:
7929:
7924:
7922:Flag semaphore
7919:
7917:New York Point
7914:
7912:Telegraph code
7909:
7907:Maritime flags
7904:
7898:
7896:
7892:
7891:
7889:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7861:Visible Speech
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7831:Sorang Sompeng
7828:
7823:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7733:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7715:Galik alphabet
7712:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7615:
7613:Tironian notes
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7479:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7458:
7456:Garay alphabet
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7407:
7406:
7396:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7384:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7333:
7332:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7306:
7304:
7296:
7295:
7283:
7282:
7279:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7239:Sorang Sompeng
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7162:Déné syllabics
7159:
7149:
7144:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7131:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7124:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7107:
7106:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6999:
6998:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6952:
6951:
6946:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6888:
6887:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6786:
6784:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6529:
6527:
6520:
6510:
6509:
6497:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6457:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6423:Proto-Sinaitic
6420:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6403:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6284:
6283:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6255:
6254:
6242:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6190:
6184:
6182:
6174:
6173:
6162:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6139:
6130:
6129:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6097:Berber Academy
6093:
6091:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6061:AAAL (Algeria)
6057:
6055:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6014:
6012:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5965:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5935:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5875:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5807:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5745:
5740:
5729:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5631:
5629:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5578:
5573:
5566:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5539:
5533:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5506:
5499:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5458:
5453:
5445:
5444:External links
5442:
5441:
5440:
5428:
5407:
5400:
5391:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5268:
5264:on 2006-10-01.
5243:
5228:
5213:
5190:
5165:
5136:
5115:
5098:
5052:
5023:
5000:
4971:
4951:
4915:
4890:
4855:
4840:
4820:
4791:
4768:
4712:
4679:
4660:
4646:
4631:
4614:
4599:
4584:
4570:
4556:
4542:
4527:
4512:
4509:. p. 115.
4497:
4462:
4443:
4418:
4409:
4400:
4391:
4384:
4364:
4357:
4334:
4309:
4305:O'Connor (2006
4297:
4293:Penchoen (1973
4285:
4274:
4263:
4252:
4241:
4201:
4158:
4143:
4120:
4113:
4086:
4051:
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4018:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4001:
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3859:
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3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
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3827:
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3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
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3709:
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3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3654:Main article:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:Berber Academy
3631:
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3627:
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3622:
3615:
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3604:
3597:
3595:
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3523:
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3506:
3504:
3497:
3495:
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3479:
3477:
3472:
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3352:
3351:
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3329:
3324:
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3317:
3310:
3308:
3301:
3299:
3292:
3290:
3283:
3281:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3251:
3244:
3242:
3235:
3233:
3226:
3224:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3196:
3194:
3187:
3185:
3178:
3176:
3169:
3167:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3130:
3128:
3121:
3119:
3112:
3110:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3082:
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3073:
3071:
3064:
3062:
3055:
3053:
3046:
3044:
3039:
3033:
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3023:
3016:
3014:
3007:
3005:
2998:
2996:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2976:
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2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2960:
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2515:
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2253:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2212:
2205:
2203:
2196:
2194:
2187:
2185:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2124:Tuareg scripts
2118:
2117:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1004:
1001:
980:
977:
900:
897:
831:, a prominent
795:Berber Academy
785:
784:
778:⟩, see
751:
750:
745:
740:
737:
736:
733:
730:
727:
726:
720:
719:
710:
704:
703:
699:
698:
696:
695:
694:
693:
692:
691:
690:
689:
688:
687:
659:
657:
655:Parent systems
654:
651:
650:
646:
645:
636:
632:
631:
617:
613:
612:
609:
606:
603:
602:
597:
595:
591:
590:
582:
581:
573:
570:
568:
565:
531:. Similarly,
481:
478:
434:
431:
406:Canary Islands
365:Main article:
362:
359:
306:
303:
299:Canary Islands
283:Libyco-Berbers
262:alongside the
249:Berber Academy
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
152:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
145:
123:
121:
119:Parent systems
118:
115:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
85:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
63:
59:
58:
33:
25:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10045:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10005:
10003:
9983:
9979:
9976:
9972:
9969:
9965:
9964:
9962:
9958:
9951:
9947:
9944:
9943:Night writing
9940:
9937:
9933:
9930:
9926:
9923:
9919:
9918:
9916:
9914:
9909:
9902:
9898:
9895:
9891:
9888:
9884:
9881:
9877:
9874:
9870:
9867:
9863:
9860:
9856:
9855:
9853:
9851:Organisations
9849:
9842:
9838:
9835:
9831:
9828:
9824:
9821:
9817:
9814:
9813:Valentin Haüy
9810:
9807:
9803:
9800:
9796:
9793:
9792:Louis Braille
9789:
9788:
9786:
9782:
9775:
9771:
9768:
9764:
9761:
9757:
9754:
9750:
9747:
9743:
9740:
9736:
9733:
9729:
9726:
9725:Braille watch
9722:
9719:
9715:
9712:
9708:
9705:
9701:
9700:
9698:
9696:
9692:
9685:
9681:
9678:
9674:
9670:
9666:
9663:
9659:
9656:
9652:
9649:
9648:Braille music
9645:
9644:
9642:
9638:
9626:
9622:
9619:
9615:
9612:
9611:Luxembourgish
9608:
9607:
9605:
9601:
9594:
9590:
9587:
9583:
9578:
9574:
9571:
9567:
9564:
9560:
9557:
9553:
9552:
9548:
9547:
9545:
9541:
9533:
9529:
9528:
9526:
9522:
9514:
9510:
9509:
9507:
9503:
9492:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9477:
9473:
9469:
9465:
9462:
9458:
9455:
9451:
9448:
9444:
9440:
9436:
9433:
9429:
9426:
9422:
9419:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9410:Other scripts
9408:
9400:
9396:
9393:
9389:
9386:
9382:
9379:
9375:
9372:
9368:
9365:
9361:
9358:
9354:
9351:
9347:
9344:
9340:
9337:
9333:
9330:
9326:
9325:
9323:
9321:
9314:
9306:
9302:
9299:
9295:
9292:
9288:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9275:
9268:
9264:
9261:
9257:
9254:
9250:
9247:
9243:
9240:
9236:
9233:
9229:
9226:
9222:
9219:
9215:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9202:
9191:
9186:
9183:
9182:Northern Sámi
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9163:
9161:
9157:
9154:
9150:
9147:
9143:
9140:
9136:
9135:
9133:
9131:Nordic family
9129:
9122:
9118:
9115:
9111:
9108:
9104:
9101:
9097:
9094:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9079:
9075:
9072:
9071:South African
9068:
9065:
9061:
9058:
9054:
9051:
9047:
9044:
9040:
9037:
9033:
9030:
9026:
9023:
9019:
9016:
9012:
9009:
9005:
9002:
8998:
8994:
8993:Luxembourgish
8990:
8987:
8983:
8980:
8976:
8973:
8969:
8966:
8962:
8959:
8955:
8952:
8948:
8945:
8941:
8938:
8934:
8931:
8927:
8924:
8920:
8917:
8913:
8910:
8906:
8903:
8899:
8895:
8891:
8887:
8884:
8880:
8877:
8873:
8869:
8865:
8862:
8858:
8855:
8851:
8848:
8844:
8841:
8837:
8836:
8834:
8832:
8828:
8825:
8821:
8814:
8810:
8807:
8806:ASCII braille
8803:
8800:
8796:
8793:
8789:
8788:
8786:
8782:
8774:
8767:
8762:
8760:
8755:
8753:
8748:
8747:
8744:
8740:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8621:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8546:
8543:
8539:
8534:
8530:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8498:
8494:
8489:
8485:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8436:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8401:
8399:
8395:
8391:
8387:
8382:
8378:
8364:
8361:
8360:
8358:
8354:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8337:Attic (Greek)
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8324:
8322:
8318:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8298:
8296:
8292:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8275:Proto-Elamite
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8241:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8206:
8204:
8202:
8198:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8169:
8167:
8163:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8091:
8089:
8087:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8074:
8070:
8066:
8061:
8057:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7955:
7951:
7946:
7942:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7899:
7897:
7893:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7789:Elder Futhark
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7680:Old Hungarian
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7508:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7288:
7284:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7214:Masaram Gondi
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7184:Gunjala Gondi
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7133:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7108:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6997:
6996:Old Sundanese
6994:
6993:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6939:Old Maldivian
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6923:
6922:Bilang-bilang
6920:
6919:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6886:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6781:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6742:Sylheti Nagri
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6543:Brahmi script
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6502:
6498:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6438:South Arabian
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6384:Inscriptional
6382:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6277:
6276:
6273:
6269:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6247:
6243:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6160:
6155:
6153:
6148:
6146:
6141:
6140:
6137:
6127:
6123:
6118:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6076:DNAFLA (Mali)
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6066:HCA (Algeria)
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6052:
6049:
6045:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6007:
5999:
5998:
5997:West Numidian
5994:
5992:
5991:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5976:East Numidian
5973:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5951:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5928:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5806:
5805:Central Atlas
5803:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5510:Reconstructed
5508:
5504:
5497:
5492:
5490:
5485:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5438:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5418:on 2004-12-05
5417:
5413:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5392:
5388:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5335:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5301:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5284:(in French).
5283:
5279:
5272:
5260:
5253:
5247:
5239:
5232:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5197:
5195:
5179:
5175:
5169:
5155:on 2022-12-20
5154:
5150:
5146:
5140:
5125:
5119:
5111:
5102:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5059:
5057:
5048:
5042:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5007:
5005:
4996:
4990:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4964:
4963:
4955:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4919:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4886:
4880:
4865:
4859:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4824:
4816:
4810:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4775:
4773:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4664:
4656:
4650:
4642:
4635:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4611:. p. 89.
4610:
4603:
4595:
4588:
4580:
4574:
4566:
4560:
4552:
4546:
4539:. p. 60.
4538:
4531:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4505:Fazia Aïtel.
4501:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4466:
4459:. p. 20.
4458:
4454:
4447:
4433:on 2017-08-26
4432:
4428:
4422:
4413:
4404:
4395:
4387:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4368:
4360:
4358:9780567026910
4354:
4350:
4349:
4341:
4339:
4324:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4301:
4294:
4289:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4256:
4250:
4245:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4162:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4127:
4125:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4055:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3948:
3947:
3898:
3897:
3845:
3844:
3792:
3791:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3657:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3614:
3605:
3596:
3594:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3564:
3555:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3487:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3430:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3373:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3309:
3300:
3291:
3282:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3195:
3186:
3177:
3168:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3138:
3129:
3120:
3111:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3081:
3072:
3063:
3054:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3024:
3015:
3006:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2785:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2641:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2270:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2108:
2093:
2083:
2068:
2058:
2043:
2033:
2018:
2005:
1990:
1980:
1965:
1952:
1937:
1924:
1909:
1896:
1881:
1868:
1853:
1852:
1834:
1819:
1809:
1794:
1784:
1769:
1759:
1744:
1734:
1719:
1709:
1694:
1684:
1669:
1659:
1644:
1634:
1619:
1609:
1594:
1584:
1569:
1568:
1557:
1542:
1532:
1517:
1507:
1492:
1482:
1467:
1457:
1442:
1432:
1417:
1407:
1392:
1382:
1367:
1357:
1342:
1332:
1317:
1307:
1292:
1291:
1280:
1265:
1255:
1240:
1230:
1215:
1205:
1190:
1180:
1165:
1155:
1140:
1130:
1115:
1105:
1090:
1080:
1065:
1055:
1040:
1030:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
985:
976:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
950:
948:
947:Arabic script
944:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
909:
906:
896:
894:
890:
882:
877:
873:
871:
866:
864:
859:
856:
854:
848:
846:
840:
837:
834:
830:
825:
821:
820:
815:
811:
809:
805:
801:
798:
796:
792:
781:
769:
765:
763:
759:
752:
749:
748:U+2D30–U+2D7F
746:
743:
742:Unicode range
738:
734:
731:Unicode alias
728:
725:
721:
711:
709:
705:
700:
685:
684:
682:
681:
680:
677:
676:
675:
671:
670:
669:
665:
664:
663:
658:
652:
647:
644:
640:
637:
633:
628:
622:
618:
614:
610:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
577:
564:
562:
558:
554:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
477:
475:
471:
466:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
430:
427:
423:
418:
416:
411:
407:
403:
398:
395:
390:
386:
382:
373:
368:
361:Libyco-Berber
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:and the root
324:
320:
316:
312:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:Tuareg people
214:
210:
206:
201:
192:
187:
175:
171:
162:
159:Child systems
156:
143:
142:
141:
138:
137:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:
122:
116:
111:
108:
105:
101:
96:
90:
86:
82:
78:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
51:
37:
31:
26:
20:
9483:Thai and Lao
9160:Scandinavian
8792:1829 braille
8784:Braille cell
8584:Cypro-Minoan
8450:Pahawh Hmong
8363:Sitelen Pona
8327:Hindu-Arabic
7840:
7660:Mundari Bani
7234:Pahawh Hmong
7043:Tamil-Brahmi
6949:Eveyla Akuru
6944:Dhives Akuru
6411:Paleo-Hebrew
6348:
6278:
6214:undeciphered
6121:
6081:CRB (France)
6054:Governmental
6047:Institutions
6022:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5959:
5871:Standardised
5822:Judeo-Berber
5809:
5747:
5568:
5518:Proto-Berber
5516:
5436:
5430:
5420:. Retrieved
5416:the original
5403:
5395:
5386:
5378:
5371:
5367:14, 239–253.
5364:
5363:du berbère.
5351:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5326:11, 107–121.
5323:
5311:Bibliography
5281:
5271:
5259:the original
5246:
5237:
5231:
5203:
5182:. Retrieved
5178:the original
5168:
5157:. Retrieved
5153:the original
5148:
5139:
5128:. Retrieved
5118:
5101:
5068:
5013:
4961:
4954:
4944:, retrieved
4932:
4928:
4918:
4907:. Retrieved
4902:
4893:
4868:. Retrieved
4858:
4830:
4823:
4781:
4741:(1): 12–14.
4738:
4734:
4669:
4663:
4649:
4640:
4634:
4608:
4602:
4593:
4587:
4573:
4559:
4545:
4536:
4530:
4521:
4515:
4506:
4500:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4456:
4446:
4435:. Retrieved
4431:the original
4421:
4412:
4403:
4394:
4374:
4367:
4347:
4326:. Retrieved
4322:
4312:
4300:
4288:
4277:
4266:
4255:
4244:
4234:December 17,
4232:. Retrieved
4228:the original
4223:
4219:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4133:
4104:
4064:
4054:
4043:
4005:
3997:
3990:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3581:
3576:
3531:
3526:
3474:
3469:
3417:
3412:
3360:
3355:
3326:
3321:
3269:
3264:
3212:
3207:
3155:
3150:
3098:
3093:
3041:
3036:
2984:
2979:
2955:
2950:
2886:
2881:
2829:
2824:
2772:
2767:
2715:
2710:
2658:
2653:
2601:
2596:
2544:
2539:
2501:
2496:
2444:
2439:
2387:
2382:
2344:
2339:
2287:
2282:
2230:
2225:
2173:
2168:
2123:
1006:
998:
994:
986:
982:
974:
951:
943:Latin script
940:
931:
927:
921:
910:
902:
886:
881:Azaghen/Link
880:
867:
863:Azaghen/Link
862:
860:
857:
852:
850:
842:
838:
829:Ammar Negadi
826:
822:
818:
817:
813:
802:
799:
788:
774:and ⟨
756:
686:Neo-Tifinagh
579:Neo-Tifinagh
567:Neo-Tifinagh
560:
556:
552:
549:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
506:
497:
489:
485:
483:
467:
463:
436:
419:
399:
378:
357:'to write'.
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
308:
295:Mauretanians
280:
257:
245:Neo-Tifinagh
244:
237:Burkina Faso
212:
169:
168:
54:Latin script
45:
9982:RoboBraille
9806:Róża Czacka
9746:Perforation
9543:Independent
9441:(Bhutanese)
9176:Greenlandic
8847:Azerbaijani
8649:Jindai moji
8538:Syllabaries
8509:SignWriting
8409:Celtiberian
8311:Hieroglyphs
8114:Seal script
8099:Traditional
7971:Blissymbols
7876:Warang Citi
7851:Tolong Siki
7804:Marcomannic
7784:Dalecarlian
7774:Anglo-Saxon
7754:Pau Cin Hau
7645:Medefaidrin
7598:Merovingian
7558:Blackletter
7466:Asomtavruli
7259:Warang Citi
7068:Ulu scripts
7013:New Tai Lue
6956:Mon–Burmese
6810:Bhattiprolu
6638:Nandinagari
6465:ʾEsṭrangēlā
6224:constructed
6010:Orthography
5990:Mauretanian
5916:Tawellemmet
5641:Seghrouchen
5374:123, 81–99.
5347:123, 41–60.
5071:(233): 46.
968:, based in
945:versus the
924:Berber flag
607:Time period
594:Script type
572:Development
480:Orthography
443:Afroasiatic
231:, northern
75:Time period
62:Script type
10002:Categories
9534:(obsolete)
9515:(obsolete)
9307:(Pakistan)
9218:Belarusian
9100:Vietnamese
9043:Portuguese
9029:Philippine
8986:Lithuanian
8639:Hentaigana
8634:Man'yōgana
8094:Simplified
7981:Ersu Shaba
7895:Non-linear
7700:Old Uyghur
7690:Old Permic
7685:Old Italic
7618:Visigothic
7553:Beneventan
7488:Glagolitic
7451:Gadabuursi
7115:Kolezhuthu
7110:Vatteluttu
7048:Tanchangya
6971:Saurashtra
6548:Devanagari
6406:Phoenician
6359:Manichaean
5969:Old Libyan
5793:Non-Zenati
5354:11, 31–42.
5340:11, 25–28.
5184:2015-07-14
5159:2022-12-20
5130:2015-07-14
5033:1249711011
4946:2022-12-20
4909:2021-05-08
4870:2017-10-09
4457:PCL -Press
4437:2017-10-09
4328:2021-06-24
4174:(1): 2–5.
4061:"Écriture"
4017:References
979:Modern use
791:alphabetic
641:and other
547:|/|, etc.
494:Gemination
451:sepulchres
426:Gemination
385:Mauretania
329:FNƔ < *
313:(singular
10023:Berberism
10008:Alphabets
9950:Vibratese
9929:Moon type
9922:Decapoint
9603:Eight-dot
9556:Cantonese
9505:Reordered
9468:Inuktitut
9357:Malayalam
9267:Ukrainian
9246:Mongolian
9225:Bulgarian
9188:Norwegian
9153:Icelandic
8944:Hungarian
8902:Esperanto
8854:Cantonese
8438:Redundant
8250:Anatolian
8201:Cuneiform
8129:bird-worm
8065:Logograms
8036:Testerian
7950:Ideograms
7927:Moon type
7814:Staveless
7705:Mongolian
7650:Molodtsov
7608:Sütterlin
7476:Mkhedruli
7342:Bassa Vah
7292:Alphabets
7264:Mwangwego
7229:Mwangwego
7204:Kharosthi
7157:Blackfoot
7120:Malayanma
6991:Sundanese
6986:Sukhothai
6934:Malayalam
6885:Khom Thai
6845:Goykanadi
6769:Tocharian
6722:ʼPhags-pa
6593:Khudabadi
6538:Bhaiksuki
6433:Samaritan
6364:Nabataean
6219:inventors
6124:indicate
5939:Tetserret
5439:Tifinagh.
5406:192: 5–14
5381:11, 7–11.
5300:2108-6796
5223:741751261
5145:"ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ"
5126:. Blip.tv
5085:0899-2851
5041:cite book
4989:cite book
4981:966314885
4850:741751261
4809:cite book
4801:895334326
4763:144700140
4755:1758-6801
4697:cite book
4689:892969053
4478:: 20–23.
4196:144700140
4188:1758-6801
4153:741751261
4081:1015-7344
3952:⵰
3944:ⵯ
3927:ⵧ
3924:ⵦ
3921:ⵥ
3918:ⵤ
3915:ⵣ
3912:ⵢ
3902:ⵠ
3894:ⵟ
3891:ⵞ
3888:ⵝ
3885:ⵜ
3882:ⵛ
3879:ⵚ
3876:ⵙ
3873:ⵘ
3870:ⵗ
3867:ⵖ
3864:ⵕ
3861:ⵔ
3858:ⵓ
3855:ⵒ
3852:ⵑ
3849:ⵐ
3841:ⵏ
3838:ⵎ
3835:ⵍ
3832:ⵌ
3829:ⵋ
3826:ⵊ
3823:ⵉ
3820:ⵈ
3817:ⵇ
3814:ⵆ
3811:ⵅ
3808:ⵄ
3805:ⵃ
3802:ⵂ
3799:ⵁ
3796:ⵀ
3788:ⴿ
3785:ⴾ
3782:ⴽ
3779:ⴼ
3776:ⴻ
3773:ⴺ
3770:ⴹ
3767:ⴸ
3764:ⴷ
3761:ⴶ
3758:ⴵ
3755:ⴴ
3752:ⴳ
3749:ⴲ
3746:ⴱ
3743:ⴰ
2015:fricative
1962:fricative
1934:fricative
1906:fricative
1878:fricative
1319:yaʕ (yaɛ)
938:in 1997.
905:Berberism
853:Imazighen
708:ISO 15924
702:ISO 15924
635:Languages
616:Direction
459:Tin Hinan
309:The word
305:Etymology
287:Numidians
103:Languages
84:Direction
9586:Japanese
9447:Georgian
9439:Dzongkha
9425:Armenian
9343:Gujarati
9208:Cyrillic
9139:Estonian
9114:Yugoslav
9050:Romanian
9022:Nigerian
8937:Hawaiian
8923:Ghanaian
8840:Albanian
8701:Sumerian
8666:Linear B
8629:Katakana
8624:Hiragana
8574:Cherokee
8504:ASLwrite
8465:Bopomofo
8320:Numerals
8306:Hieratic
8265:Isthmian
8234:Sumerian
8214:Assyrian
8209:Akkadian
7866:Vithkuqi
7841:Tifinagh
7809:Medieval
7764:Pisidian
7759:Phrygian
7730:Vagindra
7675:Ol Chiki
7583:Interlac
7538:Kayah Li
7528:Jenticha
7483:Veso Bey
7471:Nuskhuri
7461:Georgian
7431:Formosan
7426:Etruscan
7421:Enochian
7377:Cyrillic
7362:Coelbren
7320:Armenian
7219:Meroitic
7209:Mandombe
7199:Jenticha
7063:Tigalari
7028:Tai Viet
7023:Tai Tham
7003:Tagbanwa
6855:Javanese
6805:Baybayin
6795:Balinese
6783:Southern
6678:Pracalit
6673:Pachumol
6648:Bhujimol
6608:Mahajani
6568:Gurmukhi
6558:Gujarati
6526:Northern
6506:Abugidas
6487:Ugaritic
6475:Maḏnḥāyā
6349:Tifinagh
6342:Solitreo
6280:Numerals
6193:Grapheme
6181:Overview
6023:Tifinagh
5911:Tamashek
5683:Wad Righ
5673:Tidikelt
5663:Mozabite
5618:Northern
5564:Ghadamès
5333:(GLECS).
5149:Maroc.ma
4879:cite web
4427:"Berber"
3907:ⵡ
3675:Tifinagh
989:Moroccan
966:Libya TV
827:By 1973
772:/ /
768:Help:IPA
735:Tifinagh
599:Alphabet
535:is ||/,
502:ligature
476:family.
447:rock art
351:Tifinagh
339:tifinagh
311:tifinagh
266:and the
170:Tifinagh
144:Tifinagh
22:Tifinagh
9491:Tibetan
9432:Burmese
9418:Amharic
9401:(India)
9378:Sinhala
9371:Punjabi
9350:Kannada
9298:Persian
9253:Russian
9193:Swedish
9171:Finnish
9146:Faroese
9121:Zambian
9093:Turkish
9078:Spanish
9001:Maltese
8979:Latvian
8972:Italian
8951:Iñupiaq
8930:Guarani
8890:English
8861:Catalan
8778:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
8773:Braille
8656:Kikakui
8594:Eskayan
8579:Cypriot
8429:Dunging
8301:Demotic
8280:Tenevil
8224:Hittite
8219:Elamite
8172:Jurchen
8151:Sawndip
8146:Chữ Nôm
8046:Zapotec
8041:Yerkish
8016:Nsibidi
8001:Miꞌkmaw
7991:Isotype
7961:Adinkra
7902:Braille
7886:Zaghawa
7856:Vellara
7836:Sunuwar
7826:Sidetic
7821:Shavian
7749:Osmanya
7739:Ol Onal
7593:Kurrent
7578:Insular
7568:Fraktur
7543:Klingon
7533:Kaddare
7507:Archaic
7416:Elbasan
7404:Chinook
7394:Deseret
7382:Bosnian
7337:Avoiuli
7325:Avestan
7315:Ariyaka
7244:Tengwar
7142:Bharati
7103:Serawai
7093:Pasemah
7078:Lampung
7033:Lai Tay
7018:Tai Noi
6981:Sinhala
6961:Pallava
6929:Makasar
6917:Lontara
6892:Kulitan
6865:Kannada
6860:Kadamba
6850:Hanunoo
6840:Grantha
6835:Fakkham
6752:Tibetan
6737:Soyombo
6732:Siddhaṃ
6727:Sharada
6703:Litumol
6693:Tirhuta
6683:Ranjana
6668:Kvemmol
6628:Multani
6613:Marchen
6578:Kalinga
6518:Brahmic
6455:Sogdian
6394:Psalter
6374:Pahlavi
6354:Mandaic
6332:Cursive
6317:Elymaic
6288:Aramaic
6122:Italics
5961:Guanche
5931:Western
5906:Tamahaq
5859:Western
5854:Eastern
5817:Ghomara
5772:Gouraya
5755:Douiret
5743:Matmata
5727:Shawiya
5710:Iznasen
5695:Riffian
5570:Jaghbub
5529:Eastern
5422:28 June
5093:1559451
4581:. 2014.
4492:2793877
3949:U+2D7x
3899:U+2D6x
3846:U+2D5x
3793:U+2D4x
3740:U+2D3x
3662:Unicode
3650:Unicode
2939:Azawagh
2924:Ahaggar
2157:Azawagh
2142:Ahaggar
1003:Letters
932:Amazigh
760:in the
724:Unicode
474:Songhay
394:libyque
381:Numidia
337:; thus
335:Punicus
319:Punicus
315:tafinəq
276:Algeria
272:Morocco
225:Algeria
219:of the
191:Tifinaɣ
182:ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ
10013:Tuareg
9911:Other
9784:People
9774:Braigo
9593:Korean
9461:Hebrew
9392:Telugu
9291:Arabic
9281:Arabic
9239:Kyrgyz
9232:Kazakh
9166:Danish
9064:Slovak
9057:Samoan
9036:Polish
9015:Navajo
8916:German
8909:French
8776:
8721:Yugtun
8711:Woleai
8661:Kpelle
8644:Sōgana
8564:Byblos
8342:Muisca
8260:Cretan
8229:Luwian
8187:Tangut
8006:Mixtec
7976:Dongba
7881:Yezidi
7871:Wancho
7846:Todhri
7799:Gothic
7779:Cipher
7720:Manchu
7710:Evenki
7695:Orkhon
7640:Manchu
7635:Lydian
7630:Lycian
7573:Gaelic
7523:Hanifi
7518:Hangul
7493:Gothic
7441:Fraser
7436:Fox II
7372:Coptic
7347:Carian
7330:Pazend
7303:Linear
7249:Thaana
7194:Sarati
7135:Others
7098:Rejang
7083:Lembak
7073:Incung
7053:Telugu
7008:Tai Le
6902:Langdi
6825:Chakma
6715:Karani
6688:Tamyig
6663:Kummol
6658:Himmol
6653:Golmol
6633:Nagari
6618:Meitei
6603:Lepcha
6588:Khojki
6573:Kaithi
6460:Syriac
6448:Musnad
6327:Ashuri
6322:Hebrew
6305:Elifba
6300:Arabic
6293:Hatran
6268:Abjads
5953:Others
5944:Zenaga
5921:Tayart
5898:Tuareg
5839:Kabyle
5832:Shilha
5782:Shenwa
5777:Shelif
5760:Zuwara
5715:Snouss
5688:Wargla
5658:Gurara
5646:Warayn
5627:Zenati
5601:Yefren
5596:Wazzin
5581:Nafusi
5557:Tmessa
5547:Foqaha
5542:Fezzan
5537:Awjila
5360:latine
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960:, the
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293:, and
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9627:(GS8)
9618:Kanji
9476:Khmer
9454:Greek
9385:Tamil
9318:i.e.
9279:i.e.
9260:Tatar
9206:i.e.
9107:Welsh
9008:Māori
8965:Irish
8883:Dutch
8876:Czech
8686:Nüshu
8554:Bamum
8549:Afaka
8356:Other
8347:Roman
8332:Abjad
8255:Bagam
8156:Bowen
8141:Kanji
8136:Hanja
8124:small
8119:large
8026:Olmec
7996:Kaidā
7986:Emoji
7966:Aztec
7769:Runic
7744:Osage
7725:Oirat
7670:Ogham
7603:Sigla
7548:Latin
7503:Greek
7387:Early
7357:Cirth
7310:Adlam
7179:Geʽez
7174:Fox I
7038:Tamil
6897:Lanna
6880:Khmer
6870:Karen
6820:Buhid
6800:Batak
6757:Uchen
6747:Takri
6698:Limbu
6598:Laṇḍā
6583:Khema
6563:Gupta
6553:Dogri
6470:Serṭā
6443:Zabur
6428:Punic
6401:Pegon
6337:Rashi
6251:Types
6202:Lists
6166:Types
5811:Gharb
5749:Sened
5738:Jerba
5678:Tuwat
5591:Nalut
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5319:latin
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5089:JSTOR
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2789:ⵎ
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2602:x
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2579:ⵂ
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2288:d
2283:d
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2265:ⵀ
2256:ⵀ
2247:ⵀ
2238:ⵀ
2231:b
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2217:ⴰ
2208:ⴰ
2199:ⴰ
2190:ⴰ
2181:ⴰ
2174:a
2169:a
2100:ⵞ
2089:h
2082:h
2075:ⵁ
2050:ⴵ
2039:v
2032:v
2025:ⵠ
2011:θ
2004:t
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1986:p
1979:p
1972:ⵒ
1958:x
1951:k
1944:ⴿ
1923:ḍ
1916:ⴺ
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1895:g
1888:ⴴ
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1833:ẓ
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1204:f
1197:ⴼ
1186:ə
1179:e
1172:ⴻ
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1136:d
1129:d
1122:ⴷ
1104:g
1086:ɡ
1079:g
1072:ⴳ
1061:b
1054:b
1047:ⴱ
1036:æ
1029:a
1022:ⴰ
928:z
782:.
561:ū
557:ī
529:l
521:n
517:l
513:n
509:l
498:t
490:n
486:t
331:√
327:√
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