Timeline of British diplomatic history

58: 3286:. It set up compulsory arbitration of disputes, and a created a method to determine who was the aggressor in international conflicts. All legal disputes between nations would be submitted to the World Court. It called for a disarmament conference in 1925. Any government which refused to comply in a dispute would be named an aggressor. Any victim of aggression was to receive immediate assistance from the League members. McDonald lost power and the new Conservatives government condemned the proposal, fearing it would lead to conflict with the United States. Washington also opposed it, and so did all the British dominions. The proposal was tabled in 1925 and never went into effect. 2869:") end many points of friction. France recognises British control over Egypt, while Britain reciprocates regarding France in Morocco. France drops exclusive fishery rights on the shores of Newfoundland and in return receives an indemnity and territory in Gambia (Senegal) and Nigeria. Britain drops complaints regarding the French customs régime in Madagascar. Spheres of influence are defines in Siam (Thailand). Issues regarding New Hebrides are settled in 1906. Which means doing we see its rights in Egypt, it became possible for the British to significantly extend their control. The Entente was negotiated between the French foreign minister, 2492:. Gold is discovered in the Transvaal. The new wealth of the South African Republic threatens to undermine the assumptions behind the Pretoria convention as it was felt that the two Boer republics were too small and weak to threaten British rule over the Cape Colony and Natal, and thus British control over the Cape route to India. Now with gold being mined in the Witwatersrand, the South African Republic uses its new wealth to go on an arms-buying spree in Europe, which potentially could threaten the British position in South Africa. Renewed British push to bring all of southern Africa under its control. 1078: 9381:

crisis – v.8. Arbitration, neutrality and security – v.9. The Balkan wars, pt.1–2 – v.10, pt.1. The Near and Middle East on the eve of war. pt.2. The last years of peace – v.11. The outbreak of war V.3. The testing of the Entente, 1904-6 – v.4. The Anglo-Russian rapprochement, 1903-7 – v.5. The Near East, 1903-9 – v.6. Anglo-German tension. Armaments and negotiation, 1907–12 – v.7. The Agadir crisis – v.8. Arbitration, neutrality and security – v.9. The Balkan wars, pt.1–2 – v.10, pt.1. The Near and Middle East on the eve of war. pt.2. The last years of peace – v.11. The outbreak of war.

3204:; major naval disarmament for 10 years with sharp reduction of all major navies. Britain abandons claim to have navy "second to none", and recognises United States Navy as equal. The costs of naval races with the U.S. and Japan are prohibitively expensive for a British economy weakened by World War I. The relative naval strengths of the major powers are fixed at GB = 5, US = 5, Japan = 3, France = 1.75, Italy = 1.75. Britain does not build up to its allowed maximum. The powers will abide by the treaty for ten years, then begin a naval arms race. 1286:. French support was a major factor in British diplomacy until the mid-18th century. William allows James and his family to escape after being captured as the threat of a Jacobite restoration supported by France forces gives those who supported the Glorious Revolution a vested interest in ensuring that England is not defeated by France, and James is restored. Parliament accordingly votes for all the war taxes William requests. From William's viewpoint, James is more useful as king in exile in France than as a prisoner in the Tower of London. 2813: 2615: 3842:, a vital waterway carrying most of Europe's oil from the Middle East. Britain and France, in league with Israel, invaded to seize the canal and overthrow President Nasser. The United States strenuously objected, using heavy diplomatic and financial pressure to force the invaders to withdraw. British policy had four goals: to control the Suez Canal; ensure the flow of oil; remove Nasser; and keep the Soviets out of the Middle East. It failed on all four. 3126: 2559: 3114:, coming days after the Allied victory over Germany, Lloyd George promised to impose a harsh treaty on Germany. At the Versailles Conference, however, he took a much more moderate approach. France and Italy however demanded and achieved harsh terms, including German admission of guilt for starting the war (which humiliated Germany), and a demand that Germany pay the entire Allied cost of the war, including veterans' benefits and interest. 3433:. Germany remilitarises the German Rhineland in explicit violation of the Versailles and Locarno treaties which said the area had to remain without soldiers. The Baldwin government protested, but valued peace highly and did not take action. France had sufficient military superiority to expel Germany from the Rhineland but instead chose to follow Britain and do nothing. It lacked confidence in its military and feared another costly war. 792: 2939: 57: 1253:. Secret Anglo-French alliance formed. In exchange for French subsidies and a promise to send an army to England should another civil war break out between king and Parliament, Charles II agrees to convert to Catholicism and to fight with France against the Dutch. Until the Glorious Revolution of 1688, England was a close ally of France. 2862:. Britain supports Japan while France and Germany support Russia. Britain shares signet (signals intelligence) with Japan against Russia. Due to shared intelligence with Japan, British decision-makers increasingly come to the conclusion that Germany is supporting Russia as part of a bid to disturb the balance of power in Europe. 3335:

place in the next ten years.) The Cabinet authorises a modest increase in the Royal Navy budget based on the assumption that there might a war with Japan sometime within the next decade, through constraints imposed by the Great Depression limit how much money will be spent. Beginning of British rearmament.

3239:

following German default in reparations. Britain wanted Germany's economy to revive, so could make reparation payments and increased trade. France rejected Britain's argument, and along with Belgium occupied the Ruhr 1922–25. British policy was then uncertain, until it hit on the idea of inviting the

2609:

of January 1896 congratulating President Kruger of the Transvaal for beating off the Jameson raid. German officials in Berlin had managed to stop the Kaiser from proposing a German protectorate over the Transvaal. The telegram backfired, as the British began to see Germany as a major threat and moved

1245:

of England, Sweden and the United Provinces formed to oppose France. Spain is defeated, but the threat that the Triple Alliance might intervene on Spain's side forces the French to make peace. Louis annexes less Spanish territory than what he planned on. The French decide that the Dutch will be their

2325:

scored a number of achievements. In 1875 came the purchase of the controlling shares in the Suez Canal company. By negotiations, Russia gave up substantial gains in the Balkans and a foothold in the Mediterranean. Britain gains control of Cyprus from the Ottomans as a naval base covering the Eastern

1734:

1792: Austria and Prussia invade France. The French defeat the invaders and then go on the offensive by invading the Austria Netherlands (modern Belgium) in late 1792. This causes grave tension with Britain as it was British policy to ensure that France could not control the "narrow seas" by keeping

9380:

v. i The end of British isolation – v.2. The Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the Franco-British Entente – v.3. The testing of the Entente, 1904-6 – v.4. The Anglo-Russian rapprochement, 1903-7 – v.5. The Near East, 1903-9 – v.6. Anglo-German tension. Armaments and negotiation, 1907–12 – v.7. The Agadir

3334:

1932: British policy in the Far East faces a crisis in 1932, when the Japanese attacked Shanghai. Of all British foreign investment, 6% is in China and two-thirds of that is in Shanghai. As a result, the Ten Year Rule is dropped. (It said the military planning should assume that no war would take

3270:

commented that "The London Conference was for the French 'man in the street' one long Calvary as he saw M. Herriot abandoning one by one the cherished possessions of French preponderance on the Reparations Commission, the right of sanctions in the event of German default, the economic occupation of

2991:

was not opposed to these moves, but he felt Germany was entitled to some compensation elsewhere in Africa. He sent a small warship, made saber-rattling threats, and whipped up anger among German nationalists. France and Germany soon agreed on a compromise. However, the British cabinet was alarmed

2425:

1880s: Gladstone calls for a "Concert of Europe" – a peaceful European order that overcomes traditional rivalries by emphasising co-operation over conflict, mutual trust over suspicion. He proposes that the rule of law should supplant the reign of force and beggar-thy-neighbor policies. However, he

1310:

11 October 1698: Treaty signed between France, England, the Dutch Republic and the Holy Roman Emperor proposing three-fold division of Spain after the soon to be expected death of Carlos II between the French Bourbons, the Austrian Habsburgs and the Bavarian Wittelsbachs. The largest portion of the

1200:

begins his personal reign, taking control of the state. Louis as the leader of the most powerful nation in western Europe begins a policy of aggressively asserting French interests and expanding the borders of France. Until his death in 1715, France's hegemonic aspirations are the principle driving

3845:

1958–60: As the anti-nuclear movement gains momentum, Britain, the US and the USSR suspend nuclear tests and hold test ban talks in Geneva. However Prime Minister Harold Macmillan decides not to criticise French nuclear tests in 1960. His goals were to gain French support for Britain's joining the

3440:

with the government tending to favour the right-wing Nationalists while intellectuals and unions favoured the Republic because it was anti-Fascist. Communists were leaders in protest efforts, and enlisted 2500 British and Irish volunteers go to Spain to fight for the Republic; 500 were killed. The

3017:

visits Berlin to meet with high officials in an attempt to end the naval race with Germany. Haldane's offer of a "naval holiday" in building warships ends in failure when the Germans attempt to link a "naval holiday" with a British promise to remain neutral if Germany should attack France; Admiral

2160:

with Russia. British policy, in league with France, is to protect the decaying Ottoman Empire from Russian advances. The war itself is largely fought on the Crimean peninsula in southern Russia, and is mishandled by both sides. British naval success in the Baltic forces Russia to sue for peace; it

1396:

12 June 1709: Louis XIV says he was willing to concede to the Allied demands over the Spanish succession, but rejected the demand that he send an army to Spain to depose as an insult to French national honour. French win the moral high ground as many people in France, Britain and elsewhere see the

1321:

25 March 1700: Another partition treaty signed between France, England and the United Provinces concerning the Spanish succession with the Bourbons receiving Naples, Sicily, Milan and the Spanish fortresses in Tuscany and the rest of the Spanish realms going to the Austrian Habsburgs. The proposed

2759:

was a major effort to codify the rules for international peace. It set up machinery to help resolve international disputes. Britain and Russia used its procedures in resolving the Dogger Bank incident of 1904. It established a Permanent Court of Arbitration. It did little to slow the arms race in

3231:

1923: The British government renegotiated its £978 million war debt to the US Treasury by promising regular payments of £34 million for ten years then £40 million for 52 years. The idea was for the US to loan money to Germany, which in turn paid reparations to Britain, which in turn paid off its

2522:

1890–96: Britain suffers a series of diplomatic reverses, including the abandonment of the Congo treaty with Belgium; the French conquest of Madagascar; the collaboration of France, Russia and Germany in the Far East; the Venezuela crisis with United States; the Armenian massacres in the Ottoman

1444:, ends War of the Spanish Succession and gives Britain territorial gains, especially Gibraltar, Acadia. Newfoundland, and the land surrounding Hudson Bay. The lower Great Lakes-Ohio area became a free trade zone. Philip stays on the Spanish throne, but is excluded from the French succession. The 1427:

17 April 1711: Holy Roman Emperor Josef I dies, and his younger brother the Archduke Karl is elected his successor. Queen Anne and her ministers see no point to continuing the war as allowing Karl to become King of Spain would create a Habsburg super-state which would be just as much a potential

1337:

of Spain. King Louis XIV of France issues letters patent explicitly stating that Philip is in the line of succession to the French throne, creates the possibility of France and Spain uniting to become a Catholic super-state that would dominate Europe. Additionally, Louis takes the opportunity to

1977:

non-intervention; no European police system; every nation for itself, and God for us all; balance of power; respect for facts, not for abstract theories; respect for treaty rights, but caution in extending them … a republic is as good a member of the comity of nations as a monarch. 'England not

3703:

1945–57: Despite tight budgets Britain uses cultural diplomacy in the Middle East. The British Council, the BBC and the official overseas information services mobilises pro-democracy organisations and educational exchanges, as well as magazines, book distribution, and films industry to bolster

3636:

1944: Argentina refused to go along with the American anti-German policies. Washington responded by trying to shut down Argentine exports. In 1944 President Franklin Roosevelt asked Prime Minister Winston Churchill to stop buying Argentine beef and grain. Churchill refused, saying the food was

1936:

at Laibach. The following ten years saw five European Congresses where disputes were resolved with a diminishing degree of effectiveness. Finally, by 1822, the whole system had collapsed. During this period, Russia emerges as Britain's main enemy, mostly because of tensions associated with the

2480:

a patient, pragmatic practitioner, with a keen understanding of Britain's historic interests....He oversaw the partition of Africa, the emergence of Germany and the United States as imperial powers, and the transfer of British attention from the Dardanelles to Suez without provoking a serious

1215:

of Spain begins his reign. The last of the Spanish Habsburgs. As Carlos is childless with no Spanish relatives and as he is very sickly, his expected death raises the highly controversial issue of succession to the Spanish throne. The main candidates for the Spanish succession are the French

3655:. They planned who would control what in postwar Eastern Europe. They agreed to give 90% of the influence in Greece to Britain and 90% in Romania to Russia. Russia gained an 80%/20% division in Bulgaria and Hungary. There was a 50/50 division in Yugoslavia, and no Russian share in Italy. 1412:

with the British losing twice what the French suffered. Public opinion in Britain turns against the war after Malplaquet. Vigorous attacks by the Tory opposition on the Whig government for the war, its support of "Butcher Marlborough" and widespread corruption in regards to war

2667:, and instead becomes a revisionist power intent on challenging and upsetting international order. It was now the policy of Germany to assert its claim to be a global power. The long-run result was the inability of Britain and Germany to be friends or to form an alliance. 3341:

1934: A secret report by the Defence Requirements Committee identifies Germany as the "ultimate potential enemy"; calls for Continental expeditionary force of five mechanised divisions and fourteen infantry divisions. Budget restraints prevent formation of this large

2022:

dominates British foreign policy; his goal was to keep Britain dominant by maintaining the balance of power in Europe; he tried to keep autocratic nations like Russia in check; he supported liberal regimes because they led to greater stability in the international

1141:

1624–25: The king turns to France after negotiations with Spain for a marriage to the infanta had stalled. With religion closely tied to politics, France demanded an end to the persecution of Catholics in England as a condition for the marriage. The negotiations

2433:

ends war with the Transvaal and Orange Free State. Henceforward, the Boer republics are independent with a vague British claim of suzerainty. Source of much future tension as the Boer republics see themselves as completely independent states while Britain does

1970:) to preserve newly independent Latin American states; goal is to prevent French influence and allow British merchants access to the opening markets. Temperley summarizes Canning's policies, which formed the basis of British foreign policy for decades: 2582:

to stop its mistreatment of Christians. A series of escalating atrocities against the Armenians living in Turkey causes public outrage in Britain. All efforts to coordinate sanctions or punishments with the other Powers fail, and the Armenians get no

1001:

thwarts numerous plots supported by Spain or France to assassinate the Queen. The long-term English goal becomes a united and Protestant British Isles, through conquest of Ireland and alliance with Scotland. Defence is the mission of a strengthened

3441:

government joins major powers in proclaiming neutrality and opposes arms shipments to either side, fearing the war might spread. Nevertheless, Germany and Italy supply the Nationalists and the USSR supplies the Republicans. The Nationalists under

2992:

at Germany's aggressiveness toward France. David Lloyd George made a dramatic "Mansion House" speech that denounced the German move an intolerable humiliation. There was talk of war, and Germany backed down. Relations with Berlin remained sour.

3553:

to support Allied war effort; $ 31.4 billion is given away to Britain and $ 11.3 billion to the Soviet Union. Canada in a separate programs gives $ 4.7 billion. Unlike American aid in 1917–18, Lend Lease is not a loan and does not have to be

3228:. Britain almost goes to war with Turkey. Some of the Dominions refuse to promise to war if Britain does, which comes as a major shock in Whitehall. The intention of Lloyd George to go to war with Turkey causes the downfall of his government. 1526:

begins with Spain over smuggling and trade. Public opinion demanded it over Walpole's opposition; he fell from power. The war was inconclusive and expensive; it hurt legitimate trade. It merged into the War of the Austrian Succession in

2912:

ends the Moroccan Crisis in a diplomatic defeat for Germany as France took the dominant role in North Africa. The Crisis brought London and Paris much closer and set up the presumption they would be allies if Germany attacked either

983:, the king of Spain (1556–98). "The Spanish marriage" was unpopular even though Philip was to have little or no power. However he pushes Mary into alliance with Spain in a war with France that resulted in the loss of Calais in 1558 3596:

1942: Britain and USSR agree that after victory Poland's boundaries would be moved westward, so that the USSR took over lands in the east while Poland gained lands in the west that had been under German control. They agreed on the

2495:

1887: To protect the Suez Canal and the sea lanes to India and Asia, Prime Minister Salisbury signs the Mediterranean Agreements (March and December 1887) with Italy and Austria. This aligns Britain indirectly with Germany and the

3369:

is held with 11.5 million votes cast. The strong affirmative vote was ambiguous and the campaign was distorted by bias. Political leaders ignored it as an expression of wishful thinking rather than a serious statement of foreign

3296:

normalise the status of Germany, although the provisions of the Versailles Treaty still apply; begins a decade of British efforts to stabilise a new European status quo, hoping that stability, plus trade, would prevent another

2575:. Border dispute with Venezuela causes major Anglo-American crisis when the United States intervenes to take Venezuela's side. It was resolved through arbitration and was last crisis that threatened war with the United States. 2288:

1871: Taking advantage of France's distress, Russia abrogates the 1856 Treaty of Paris and remilitarises the Black Sea. The action is approved at the London Convention of 1871. Revival of rivalry with Russia in the Near

3542:

in the Western Hemisphere for destroyers from the United States. The destroyers were used to defend convoys. The colonies were used as bargaining counters to secure American friendship and to minimize creeping American

2829:

1902: Reports from Captain Watson, naval attaché to Germany indicate that the German build-up that had begun in 1898 is intended to build a fleet meant to challenge British sea power. Beginning of the Anglo-German naval

2390:. Britain leases Cyprus from Turkey in order to block possible Russian expansion. In 1914 Britain annexed Cyprus and made it a crown colony in 1927. Disraeli boasts that he secured "Peace with honour" as well as Cyprus. 1392:

1708: Louis XIV sues for peace. The French agree to the Allied demand that the Archduke Karl become King of Spain, but the talks break down over the Allied demand that Louis send an army to Spain to depose his grandson

1718:. Reasons are based on realism not ideology and are to avoid French attacks on the Austrian Netherlands; to not worsen the fragile status of King Louis XVI; and to prevent formation of a strong Continental league. 6620: 1034:

was an undeclared intermittent naval conflict; English strategy focused on raids on ports such as Cadiz, and seizure of Spanish merchant ships because it was much cheaper than land forces—using privateers

3417:

with France proposes to appease Italy and evades League sanctions against Italy for invading Ethiopia. The proposal was approved by the cabinet but public reaction is highly negative and Foreign Minister

3066:

1917: 7 April. US declares war on Germany and Austria; does not actually join Allies and remains independent force; sends token army in 1917. A major factor in bringing the United States into war is the

3728:

it held since 1920 and turns the issue over to the U.N. Financial exhaustion was a main reason, but also strategic concerns, for its involvement was alienating Arab nations whose good will was desired.

2663:(World politics). New policy of Germany to assert its claim to be a global as opposed to a European power. Germany abandons Bismarck-era policy of being a conservative power committed to upholding the 3516:

1939: 31 March - Prime Minister Chamberlain issues "guarantee" of Polish independence in the House of Commons in co-operation with France; they will go to war should Polish independence be threatened.

2404:. British forward policy in South Africa aiming at complete control of the country as Britain wishes to maintain control over the alternative Cape route in case the Suez Canal should not be available. 4698: 2887:. Russian Baltic fleet en route to Korea to fight Japan accidentally fires on British fishing trawlers. Britain and Russia almost go to war. Crisis ends when Russia apologises and pays compensation. 1756:

with the United States and normalizes trade; British withdraws from forts in Northwest Territory; decade of peace with U.S. France is angered seeing a violation of its 1777 treaty with the U.S.

2642:

appointed German Naval Secretary of State; beginning of the transformation of German Navy from small, coastal defence force to a fleet meant to challenge British naval power. Tirpitz calls for

3399:

1935: Italy invades Ethiopia. Beginning of a crisis in Anglo-Italian relations as Britain makes half-hearted attempts to uphold collective security. Mussolini threatens of war against Britain.

1105:

1613–20: Netherlands becomes England's major rival in trade, fishing, and whaling. The Dutch form alliances with Sweden and the Hanseatic League; England counters with an alliance with Denmark

2977:

passed in Germany; British popular response was a clamour for more warship construction under the slogan "We want eight and won't wait" when it appears that Germany is winning the naval race.

8733:(1967), Covers relations with France, the Dutch, Austria, Prussia, lesser states of Germany, Russia, Poland, Scandinavia, Spain, Portugal, Barbary states, Switzerland, Italian states, Turkey 1289:

12 May 1689: Reflecting the changed foreign policy orientation caused by the Glorious Revolution, William has England join the anti-French League of Augsburg and declare war on France (as a

3593:

1941: Japan attacks the United States, Britain and the Netherlands. Japanese seize Hong Kong, Brunei, Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, Singapore, and Burma; Gross mistreatment of prisoners of war.

1580:, Britain, Prussia, and Hanover against France, Austria, the Russian Empire, Sweden, and Saxony. Major battles in Europe and North America; the East India Company also in involved in the 3345:

1934: Beginning of the "air panic" of 1934–35, where exaggerated claims of German air strength are made in the British press. Royal Air Force becomes the main beneficiary of rearmament.

7429:

Alberto Sbacchi, "Anglo-Italian Negotiations For the Recognition of the Italian Empire: And Haile Selassie vs. the National Bank of Egypt and the Cable & Wireless Co., 1937–1938."

3232:

loans from the US government. In 1931 all German payments ended, and in 1932 Britain suspended its payments to the US. All the First World War debts were finally repaid after 1945.

4171:(1815–1891), Liberal statesman and diplomat; known for his pacific stewardship of Britain's external relations, 1870–74 and 1880–85, in co-operation with Prime Minister Gladstone. 1703:. Britain was at war against France almost continuously from 1793 until the final defeat of Napoleon in 1815. Its strategy was to mobilize and fund the coalition against France. 8776: 9475: 3160:

that military spending is to be based on the assumption that there will be no major war for the next ten years. The Ten Year Rule leads to a huge decline in military spending.

1780:

1803: By the Anglo-Russian agreement, Britain pays a subsidy of £1.5 million for every 100,000 Russian soldiers in the field. Subsidies also went to Austria and other allies.

5477:

Emma Waterton and Ross Wilson. "Talking the talk: policy, popular and media responses to the bicentenary of the Abolition of the Slave Trade using the Abolition Discourse'."

9432: 9454: 9446: 4452: 4274: 2703:. It would facilitate governance, give rapid mobility to the military, promote settlement and foster trade. Most of the railway is eventually built, but there were gaps. 2206: 1902: 9442: 3619:

in Morocco, 14–23 January, brought together Churchill, Roosevelt and Charles de Gaulle. The Allies announced a policy of "unconditional surrender" from the Axis powers.

241: 3820:

1955–63: Yemen emerges as a trouble spot in an old-rich region where the Soviets sponsor a revolt. Civil war erupts in 1962 as Britain tries to protect its colony in

1027:

with the Netherlands, England supported the Dutch revolt against Spain with soldiers and money. Spain decides this means war and prepares an armada to invade England.

2927:

rendered all other battleships technically obsolete and marked British success in maintaining both qualitative and quantitative lead in the naval race with Germany.

2326:

Mediterranean. In exchange, Britain guaranteed the Asiatic territories of the Ottoman Empire. Britain did not do well in conflicts in Afghanistan and South Africa.

214: 1978:

Europe.' 'Our foreign policy cannot be conducted against the will of the nation.' 'Europe's domain extends to the shores of the Atlantic, England's begins there.'

4149: 1282:

Louis continues to recognise the deposed James II/VII, who takes refuge in France and is promoted by France as the legitimate king of England, a policy known as

246: 4203: 4016: 19: 9490: 1519:

as (in effect) the Prime Minister. He takes charge of foreign policy around 1726; Britain pursues policy of peace and non-intervention in European conflicts.

6415: 2646:(Risk Fleet) that would make it too risky for Britain to take on Germany as part of wider bid to alter the international balance of power decisively in the 2554:

with Germany. Britain gains the German colony of Zanzibar while giving up a small strategic island off the German coast, and agrees on boundaries in Africa.

7445:

Hefler, H. Matthew. "'In the way': intelligence, Eden, and British foreign policy towards Italy, 1937–38." Intelligence and National Security (2018): 1–19.

3779:. Egyptians begin guerrilla attacks against the British Suez Canal base. Low-level warfare between British forces and the Egyptians for next several years. 3049:

torpedoed without warning by German submarine and sinks in 18 minutes; 1,200 dead. Germany violated international law by not allowing passengers to escape.

3032:

1914: 4 August- The king, in the name of Britain and his Empire declares war on Germany and Austria following German violation of the neurality of Belgium.

3605:

would become the new boundary between Germany and Poland. The proposed changes angered the Polish government in exile in London, which was not consulted.

2682: 2278:, a federation with internal self-government; foreign and defence matters handled by London. The long-term goal is for Canada to pay for its own defence. 1437:

May 1712: Queen Anne issues "Restraining Orders" that forbid the British Army to fight the French unless attacked. Britain effectively withdraws the war.

1333:

1 November 1700: Carlos II of Spain dies, leaves the entire Spanish succession to Duke Philippe of Anjou, the second son of the Dauphin who becomes King

8471: 9485: 2874: 2227:

1861: Britain, Spain and France land forces in Mexico to demand repayment. Britain and Spain withdraw but France escalates and takes control of Mexico.

8717: 3495:, a part of Czechoslovakia. Intense appeasement efforts by Britain and France to avoid war by concessions to Germany. Czechoslovakia is not consulted. 105: 9323:

Lunn, Jon, Vaughne Miller, Ben Smith. "British foreign policy since 1997 – Commons Library Research Paper RP08/56" (UK House of Commons, 2008) 123pp

234: 8450: 2880:

1904: Convention with Tibet allowing a British trade mission to be established and is intended to pull Tibet within the British sphere of influence.

1307:

the Russian tsar visited England for three months; improved relations and learned the best new technology especially regarding ships and navigation.

1127:. However, during the ten-year activity of the company between 1613 and 1623, only four English ships brought cargoes directly from London to Japan. 947:

1533: Henry VIII severs ties with Rome because of marriage issue; and declares himself head of the English church; Catholic Spain supports the Pope.

8222:

Jon Lunn, Vaughne Miller, and Ben Smith, "British foreign policy since 1997 – Commons Library Research Paper RP08/56" (UK House of Commons, 2008)

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refuses the British offer and instead accepts Japanese apology, through he does allow the secret Anglo-American naval talks to begin in early 1938.

2470: 3484:

1938: Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden used secret intelligence reports to conclude Italy was an enemy. He resigned in protest over Prime Minister

3389:

vaguely sought to oppose any challenge to the Treaty of Versailles via force. Mussolini mistakenly feels that Britain has no interest in Ethiopia.

898:

becomes king; he revives the old claim to the French throne but France is now a more powerful country and the English control is limited to Calais

8936: 6895:(2010)' Nicholas E. Roberts, "Re-Remembering the Mandate: Historiographical Debates and Revisionist History in the Study of British Palestine", 1639:

1781: At peace negotiations in Paris, Congress insists on independence; all else is negotiable; British policy is to help US at expense of France

3311:

office in London. Relations with the Soviet Union are broken off following discovery of the Soviet spy ring operating out of the ARCOS building.

2562:

President Cleveland twists the tail of the British Lion regarding Venezuela—a policy hailed by Irish Catholics in the United States; cartoon in

2088: 1112:, which has a monopoly on trade with Russia. In 1613 it obtains a monopoly on whaling in Spitsbergen. A Russian embassy comes to London in 1613. 6644:

Scott A. Keefer, "Reassessing the Anglo-German Naval Arms Race." (University of Trento School of International Studies Working Paper 3, 2006).

3630:

in May 1944. Plans also discussed re landings in southern France, and operations in Burma, China and Pacific, and to share atomic bomb project.

2065:, the more or less independent Ottoman governor of Egypt supported by France to take over the Ottoman Empire nearly causes an Anglo-French war. 1870:

to restore the prewar status quo; thus begins a permanent peace along the US-Canada border, marred only by occasional small, unauthorised raids

1342:

as King James III of England/James VIII of Scotland. Louis's actions which are seen as very threatening to England and all but guarantee a war.

5247:

Patricia T. Young and Jack S. Levy. "Domestic politics and the escalation of commercial rivalr: Explaining the War of Jenkins' Ear, 1739–48."

2473:

as foreign minister and prime minister was a strong and effective leader in foreign affairs. He had a superb grasp of the issues, and proved:

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Charlie Whitham, "The thin end of the wedge: the British Foreign Office, the West Indies and avoiding the Destroyers-Bases Deal, 1938–1940."

2980:

1911: Reports from Captain Watson, naval attaché to Germany indicate growing power and efficiency of German warships, heavy guns and sailors.

224: 3984:. Britain breaks diplomatic relations with Syria after it emerges that Syria was involved in an attempt to bomb El Air flight out of London. 1707:

was the dominant leader until his death in 1806. At home, conservatives castigated every radical opinion as "Jacobin" (in reference to the

1699:

polarized British political opinion in the 1790s, with conservatives outraged at killing of the king, the expulsion of the nobles, and the

820: 4168: 4162: 2182: 1917: 1616:. US and France form military alliance against Britain. The military and naval strengths of the two sides of the war are now about equal. 7787:

Nicholas E. Roberts, "Re-Remembering the Mandate: Historiographical Debates and Revisionist History in the Study of British Palestine",

4421: 4369: 4174: 3949:

airs in Britain. Saudi Arabia breaks relations with Britain over the airing of the film, which it is claimed was insulting towards the

3878:

speech in South Africa. It signals an intention to soon grant independence to the remaining colonies in Asia, the Caribbean and Africa.

3026: 2734:

and the English language together with Milner's demand that the Transvaal's sovereignty be sharply reduced. Conference ends in failure.

4046:

built his foreign policy on two traditional principles (close ties with US and EU) and a new activist philosophy of 'interventionism'.

3278:, (Protocol for the pacific settlement of international disputes) was a proposal to the League of Nations presented by Prime Minister 1349:

against France and Spain, in "Grand Alliance" with Austria, Prussia and the Dutch Republic. Britain fights in support of the Habsburg

7418:

Oil, war, and Anglo-American relations: American and British reactions to Mexico's expropriation of foreign oil properties, 1937–1941

2996: 2282: 2231: 1599: 1467: 290: 5982:

Cameron Whitehead, "Reading Beside the Lines: Marginalia, W.E. Gladstone, and the International History of the Bulgarian Horrors."

4396: 3448:

1937: Japanese planes attack British gunboats in the Yangtze River and machine-gun the car of the British Ambassador to China, Sir

2579: 1577: 3095:

1918: November. Britain and Allies defeat Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey; their empires dissolved (along with Russian Empire)

1731:: Prussia and Austria joined after 1793 by Britain, Spain, the Netherlands, Sardinia, Naples, and Tuscany against French Republic. 1566:

in the United States. Fighting breaks out in the Ohio river valley between Franco-Indian and British and colonial American forces.

9500: 8098:

The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: Volume 6B: The Twentieth Century and Beyond: From 1945 to the Twenty-First Century

6414:

Ross G. Forman, "Peking plots: Fictionalizing the boxer rebellion of 1900." Victorian Literature and Culture 27.1 (1999): 19-48.

4299: 4284: 3850: 3139: 2449: 1367: 418: 9450: 2855:. Britain invades Tibet to counter supposed Russian influence at the court of the Dalai Lama that seems to be threatening India. 2365:

causes outrage in Britain. Gladstone stages nationwide speaking tour attacking Disraeli government for its support of the Turks.

1598:

1776: Royal governors expelled from Thirteen United Colonies; they vote independence as the United States of America on 2 July;

4374: 4344: 4156: 2995:

1911: Reciprocity treaty lowering tariffs between Canada and US fails on surge of pro-British, anti-American sentiments led by

2844:, new to the throne but long familiar with France, makes a highly successful visit to Paris, turning hostility into friendship. 2710:. Britain maintains pro-American neutrality. Anglo-American relations began to improve markedly at the end of the 19th century. 2304: 2076:

with China (1839 to 1842). It opens trade, cedes territory (especially Hong Kong), fixes Chinese tariffs at a low rate, grants

2045: 6730: 5528: 3071:, a German proposal for anti-American alliances with Mexico and Japan that was intercepted, decoded and leaked by the British. 2113:

ends dispute with the United States. Border between British North American and the United States settled on the 49th parallel.

9510: 4426: 4406: 3419: 3014: 2354:

works during the Near East crisis to diminish rival Russian interests in the Ottoman Empire. He gained what he wanted at the

1605:

1777: France decides to recognise America in December after British invasion army from Canada surrenders to Americans at the

90: 1866:

1815: With the War of 1812 against the U.S. a military draw, the British abandon their First Nation allies and agree at the

8707: 6775: 4334: 4319: 4304: 4241: 4223: 3889: 3735:

threatens Britain's status in West Berlin. The RAF plays a major role in the Berlin Airlift and the Soviets finally relent.

3403: 3111: 2408: 1913: 1082: 1013:

a treaty with Spain promising to end support for raids on Spanish shipping by English privateers such as Drake and Hawkins.

9398: 3025:

triggered when Austria-Hungary submits ultimatum to Serbia containing terms meant to inspire rejection. Foreign Secretary

2210: 1906: 1882: 1803:

in alliance with Prussia, Russia, Saxony, and Sweden. Napoleon leads France to victory at numerous major battles, notably

1534:

begins, which merges into war with Spain. Britain fights against France and Spain in support of Austria and its new Queen

1020:

to promote trade with Ottoman Empire; they build a presence in Istanbul and trade grew as the Turks bought arms and cloth.

4416: 4411: 4401: 4389: 4379: 4354: 4339: 4329: 4309: 4190: 1832: 8849: 3056:

brings Italy into the war on the Allied state. Italy is secretly promised major gains at the expense of Austria-Hungary.

9505: 8039: 6863: 4364: 4359: 4324: 4314: 4289: 4064: 3546:

1941: January – Britain informs the United States that unless aid is offered, Britain will be bankrupt later that year.

3359: 2756: 2721: 1246:

next target, and accordingly Louis seeks to break up the Triple Alliance by bidding for English and Swedish friendship.

1091: 937:

1525: Queen Catherine does not produce the male heir the king demands, so he decides on a divorce (which angers Spain).

7800:

Ellen Jenny Ravndal, "Exit Britain: British Withdrawal From the Palestine Mandate in the Early Cold War, 1947–1948",

5639:

Charles R. Middleton, "Cabinet Decision Making at the Accession of Queen Victoria: The Crisis of the East 1839–1840",

3506:. Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain promises it means "peace in our time." Historians differ sharply; some argue the 9307: 9290:

Contemporary Military Strategy and the Global War on Terror: US and UK Armed Forces in Afghanistan and Iraq 2001–2012

9170: 8637: 8248: 8178: 8012: 7956: 7929: 7878:

Ellen Jenny Ravndal, "Exit Britain: British Withdrawal From the Palestine Mandate in the Early Cold War, 1947–1948",

7759: 7700: 7518: 7223: 7170: 7139:

B. J. C. McKercher, "‘The Deep and Latent Distrust’: The British Official Mind and the United States, 1919–1929." in

6697: 6519: 6492: 6144: 6007: 5851: 5624: 5584: 5193: 4747: 4652: 4384: 4349: 4279: 4269: 3924:

the so-called "Asians", Ugandans of South Asian background, most of whom hold British pass-ports and come to Britain.

3659: 3430: 2902: 2456: 2394: 2322: 1238:

ends of the Dutch war. It is a major turning point after which mercantilism ceased to dominate Anglo-Dutch relations.

1172: 1031: 994: 606: 4535:

With the Heart of a King: Elizabeth I of England, Philip II of Spain & the Fight for a Nation's Soul & Crown

4522: 4052:

2001–14: British combat forces with NATO in Afghanistan; a few hundred troops remain to provide training until 2016.

2379:

1878: Widespread "jingoism" celebrates sending a British fleet into Turkish waters to counter the advance of Russia.

7100:

Peter J. Beck, "'A tedious and perilous controversy': Britain and the settlement of the mosul dispute, 1918–1926."

5943:

T. G. Otte, "From 'War-in-Sight' to Nearly War: Anglo–French Relations in the Age of High Imperialism, 1875–1898",

5718:

The Rise of Free Trade Imperialism: classical political economy the empire of free trade and imperialism, 1750–1850

4033: 3478: 3308: 3266:. Britain forced France to reduce the amount of reparations to be collected from Germany. The British diplomat Sir 2934:

passed in Germany. Germany plans to build "all big gun" ships of its own to keep up with Britain in the naval race.

2916:

1906: Britain reacted to Germany's accelerated naval arms race by major innovations, especially those developed by

2220:

creation of the modern Italian state against considerable international opposition. The famed hero of unification,

1556: 1363:

captured on 4 August by the combined Dutch and British fleets; becomes British naval bastion into the 21st century.

1311:

Spanish realms are to go to Josef Ferdinand of Bavaria. The treaty is undermined when Josef Ferdinand dies in 1699.

813: 4995:

England in the War of the Spanish Succession: a study of the English view and conduct of grand strategy, 1702–1712

4478:

John M. Currin, "Henry VII and the treaty of Redon (1489): Plantagenet ambitions and early Tudor foreign policy",

3742:, a civil war against the Communist-led Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA); Britain is victorious in the end. 2248:

1864: Britain avoids involvement in the War between Denmark on the one side and Prussia and Austria regarding the

29:

This timeline covers the main points of British (and English) foreign policy from 1485 to the early 21st century.

7215:

The British Way in Warfare: Power and the International System, 1856–1956 : Essays in Honour of David French

3921: 3903: 3182: 3146: 2898:. Britain makes it clear that in the event of a German attack on France, Britain will intervene on France's side. 2369: 2311: 2303:

1871: The unification of Germany following its defeat of France leads the government to expand the Army, and put

1994: 1188: 638: 280: 229: 129: 112: 6573:

Tim Myatt, . "Trinkets, Temples and Treasures: Tibetan Material Culture and the 1904 British Mission to Tibet."

6398:

Geoffrey Best, "Peace conferences and the century of total war: the 1899 Hague Conference and what came after."

1481: 8690: 8373: 8124:

Ben Clift and Jim Tomlinson, "Negotiating Credibility: Britain and the International Monetary Fund, 1956–1976"

6403: 5548: 4235: 3717:

1947: Government informs the United States that Britain cannot afford to subsidise the Greek government in its

3679: 3587: 3539: 2551: 1531: 1398: 1350: 1327: 698: 310: 305: 275: 100: 7126:

Donald N. Lammers, "The Second Labour Government and the Restoration of Relations with Soviet Russia (1929)."

5835:

Great Britain and the Schleswig-Holstein question, 1848–64: a study in diplomacy, politics, and public opinion

5820:

Francis M. Carroll, "The American Civil War and British Intervention: The Threat of Anglo-American Conflict."

4165:(1773–1846), known as Viscount Granville from 1815 to 1833, and as Earl Granville from 1833 to 1836; diplomat. 3864: 878:

1489–91: England sends three expensive military expeditions to keep Brittany out of French control, but fails.

4263: 3776: 3580: 3271:

the Ruhr, the French-Belgian railroad Régie, and finally, the military occupation of the Ruhr within a year".

2917: 2800:. Boer War ends in a British victory; Transvaal and Orange Free State are annexed and in 1910 become part of 1488: 1417: 1346: 1323: 1095: 728: 443: 9375: 4693:

Adam Clulow, "Commemorating Failure: The Four Hundredth Anniversary of England's Trading Outpost in Japan."

1928:

sees the main powers meeting every two years or so to collectively manage European affairs. It resolves the

1581: 5375:

The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History

3393: 3171: 2988: 1929: 1804: 902: 573: 463: 300: 265: 9143:

The Pattern of Imperialism: The United States, Great Britain and the Late-Industrializing World Since 1815

7839:

James R. Vaughan, "'A Certain Idea of Britain': British Cultural Diplomacy in the Middle East, 1945–57",

7715:

Albert Resis, "The Churchill-Stalin Secret "Percentages" Agreement on the Balkans, Moscow, October 1944",

4081:

resigns as Prime Minister following his defeat in the Brexit referendum. He was succeeded by Conservative

1933: 5507:

Bruce Knox, "British policy and the Ionian Islands, 1847–1864: nationalism and imperial administration."

4136: 4118: 3828: 3328: 3189: 3063:

is signed. Britain and France decide on spheres of influence if the Ottoman Empire should come to an end.

3036: 2848: 2343:

1875: The British government purchases the Suez Canal shares from the almost bankrupt khedive of Egypt,

2293: 2249: 1800: 1339: 941: 867:

1485–1509: The king promotes the woolen trade with Netherlands; helps English merchants compete with the

806: 503: 67: 37: 23: 7319:

Andrew Holt, "'No more Hoares to Paris': British foreign policymaking and the Abyssinian Crisis, 1935."

3651:

1944: October – Churchill and Foreign Minister Eden meet in Moscow with Stalin and his foreign minister

2393:

1879: Egypt goes bankrupt. Loss of Egyptian financial independence to a consortium of European bankers.

6259:

John H. Maurer, "Arms control and the Anglo-German naval race before World War I: lessons for today?."

5362:

Britain and France at the Birth of America: The European Powers and the Peace Negotiations of 1782–1783

3934:

1974: Turkey invades Cyprus. Britain is obliged to defend Cyprus under 1960 treaty, but chooses not to.

3107: 2602: 2333:

with major gains in East Africa, South Africa, and West Africa, and keeps "temporary" control of Egypt.

2128: 2027: 2005: 1785: 1774: 1728: 1588: 1470:

largely sets foreign policy as Secretary of State for the Northern Department; after 1726 displaced by

1231:. The prospect that France might annexe the entire Spanish Netherlands is viewed as a threat in London. 1176: 964: 931: 924: 733: 543: 518: 513: 433: 373: 85: 9429:

Foundations of British Foreign Policy from Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902); Or, Documents, Old and New

7692:

The Last Thousand Days of the British Empire: Churchill, Roosevelt, and the Birth of the Pax Americana

6838:

Yücel Güçlü, "The Struggle for Mastery in Cilicia: Turkey, France, and the Ankara Agreement of 1921."

6534:

John W. M. Chapman, "Russia, Germany and the Anglo-Japanese Intelligence Collaboration, 1896–1906" in

1300:

with France; also called "Nine Years War" or "War of the League of Augsburg" or " King William's War"

864:

policy of acquiring more French territory; he generally pursues a more defensive, Anglo-centric policy

122: 9495: 8750:

Lorimer, Joyce. "The failure of the English Guiana ventures 1595–1667 and James I's foreign policy."

6604: 6547:

John W.M. Chapman, "Russia, Germany and the Anglo-Japanese Intelligence Collaboration, 1896–1906" in

4258: 3964: 3526:

1939: Britain signs a defence treaty with Poland, guaranteeing its boundaries against German threats.

3467: 3449: 3248: 3060: 2786: 2782: 2442: 2238:

favours the Confederacy and is tempted to recognise the Confederacy, which would lead to war with US.

1998: 1986: 1722: 1673: 1620: 1613: 1456: 593: 583: 508: 478: 438: 378: 4019:

restores full sovereignty to Germany and ends British occupation rights that had existed since 1945.

3317:

1929: MacDonald visits the United States; first visit to the US by a sitting British Prime Minister.

2426:

was outmaneuvered by Bismarck's system of "realpolitik" using manipulated alliances and antagonisms.

1452:. Having strategically important Low Countries under Bourbon control is seen as a threat to Britain. 5901:

Albert V. Tucker, "Army and Society in England 1870–1900: A Reassessment of the Cardwell Reforms."

5386:

Jeremy Black, "From Pillnitz to Valmy: British Foreign Policy and Revolutionary France 1791–1792",

4230: 3641: 3251:

with Turkey. Britain was forced to make major concessions to the Turks as compared to the previous

2707: 2572: 2172: 2142: 1966:

in charge of foreign policy, avoids co-operation with European powers; supports the United States (

1704: 1386: 1304: 693: 563: 548: 458: 453: 333: 8411: 7510:

The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered: A.J.P. Taylor and the Historians, Second Edition

7238:

Brett Holman, "The air panic of 1935: British press opinion between disarmament and rearmament."

5482: 3459:, Britain suggests that an Anglo-American blockade of Japan as a response. The American President 3092:. After the end of World War I, Britain will be the biggest supporter of the Russian White forces. 1102:

of German princes. James associates his kingdoms with the anti-Habsburg forces with this marriage.

7480:

Robert A. Cole, "Appeasing Hitler: The Munich Crisis of 1938: A Teaching and Learning Resource",

6426:

Mark B. Dunnell, "The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty." The North American Review 171.529 (1900): 829-846.

4546:

Jane E.A. Dawson, "William Cecil and the British Dimension of Early Elizabethan Foreign Policy",

4248: 3875: 3623: 3612:

asserts, "1943 was the year when world leadership moved from Great Britain to the United States."

3218:. Britain clashes openly with France over the amount of reparations to be collected from Germany. 3215: 3197: 3178: 3053: 3006:

passed in Germany Expanding the German fleet as a threat to the Royal Navy's control of the seas.

2870: 2834: 2717: 2489: 2383: 2150: 2103: 2058: 2034: 2012: 1945: 1431:

8 October 1711: British and French governments sign the "London Preliminaries" to a peace treaty.

1070: 913: 853: 568: 483: 358: 170: 5320:

Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766

4183:(1830–1903), Conservative foreign minister and/or prime minister (1878–1902 with interruptions). 3846:

European Economic Community, and also French backing for a four-power summit to promote détente.

7162: 6175: 3856:

1958: Britain sends troops to Jordan to restore order following riots against pro-British King

3562: 3355: 3275: 3236: 2987:

France strong-armed itself into seizing more control over Morocco. The German Foreign Minister

2967: 2943: 2921: 2749: 2504: 2497: 2419: 2271: 2256: 2052: 1743: 1683: 1643: 1523: 1509:. The use of British power to further Hanoverian goals is deeply unpopular with public opinion. 1275: 1264: 1250: 1242: 1235: 1205: 1077: 987: 748: 618: 578: 523: 423: 295: 134: 9297: 9160: 8874:

Retreat from Power: 1906–39 v. 1: Studies in Britain's Foreign Policy of the Twentieth Century

8766:

Britain, Denmark-Norway and the House of Stuart, 1603–1660: A Diplomatic and Military Analysis

8512:

The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000

8236: 8168: 8096: 8029: 8002: 7609: 7508: 7213: 6853: 6687: 6134: 5574: 5183: 4900: 4572:

Maria Blackwood, "Politics, Trade, and Diplomacy: The Anglo-Ottoman Relationship, 1575–1699",

2824:

happily dancing together, celebrating the new spirit of co-operation in the "entente cordiale"

2699:); the French back down. The long-term British goal is to link South Africa to Egypt with the 8842: 8627: 8054:

W. Taylor Fain, "'Unfortunate Arabia': the United States, Great Britain and Yemen, 1955–63",

7946: 7749: 7690: 6509: 6482: 5614: 5024:

An Introduction to the Documents Relating to the International Status of Gibraltar, 1704-1934

4737: 4642: 3689:

1945: World War II ends. Victory over Germany and Japan. Britain is financially exhausted as

3616: 3167:

visits London to meet Lloyd George. First official contact between Soviet Russia and Britain.

2952: 2905:

causes tension with Russia. Britain supports Persian liberals while Russia supports the Shah.

2891: 2801: 2797: 2700: 2632: 2373: 2124: 2062: 1952: 1647: 1570: 1563: 1542: 1257: 1182: 1010: 958: 894: 743: 723: 703: 683: 658: 643: 613: 533: 493: 473: 398: 9119:

From World War to Cold War: Churchill, Roosevelt, and the International History of the 1940s

6562:

Entente Cordiale: the origins and negotiation of the Anglo-French agreements of 8 April 1904

5997: 4177:(1784–1865), Whig/Liberal foreign minister or prime minister (1830–1865 with interruptions). 4099:

2020: The United Kingdom leaves the European Union after 47 years of membership to the bloc.

3523:. Britain and Japan almost to war when Japan blockades British concession in Tianjin, China. 2654: 1959:. Both powers impose limitations on how many warships they will maintain on the Great Lakes. 1389:

comes into being on 1 May 1707. Scots play an increasingly major role in the British Empire.

1039:") who turned a large profit when they captured prizes—let the naval warfare pay for itself. 997:(baron Burleigh, 1571) serves as chief advisor; they avoid European wars. Her spymaster Sir 9480: 8993:

The Realities Behind Diplomacy: Background Influences on British External Policy, 1865–1980

8129: 7604:

Alexander Hill, "British Lend-Lease Aid and the Soviet War Effort, June 1941 – June 1942."

7041:

David D. Burks, "The United States and the Geneva Protocol of 1924: 'A New Holy Alliance'?

6689:

Spies in Uniform: British Military and Naval Intelligence on the Eve of the First World War

6090:

J. A. S. Grenville, "Goluchowski, Salisbury, and the Mediterranean Agreements, 1895–1897",

3902:

1971: In a reversal of the withdrawal of military forces "east of Suez", Britain signs the

3810: 3558: 3471: 3414: 3099: 2909: 2884: 2713:

1899: Britain endorses the "Open Door Policy" allowing the world access to Chinese markets.

2217: 2193: 2092: 2081: 1811: 1559:

ends War of Austrian Succession. The war was indecisive and the "peace" was an armed truce.

1499: 1498:; Spanish fleet dispersed by storms. Spanish troops landed in Scotland but are defeated at 1449: 1405: 1154: 1150: 1036: 909: 882: 852:". His foreign policy involves an alliance with Spain, cemented by the marriage of his son 840: 768: 753: 738: 678: 668: 588: 448: 363: 9056:. Deterrence through Strength: British Naval Power and Foreign Policy under Pax Britannica 6035:

M.A. Fitzsimons, "Midlothian: the Triumph and Frustration of the British Liberal Party,"

3529:

1939: 1 September - Germany invades Poland; Britain and France declare war on 3 September.

3510:

was cowardice; others argue it saved Britain, which was not prepared for war with Germany.

2411:, helping Liberals under Gladstone to defeat Disraeli's Conservative Party by a landslide. 2216:

1860–70: The British government gives moral and diplomatic support to the "Risorgimento" (

2178:

1858: The government of India transferred to the crown; the government appoints a viceroy.

1293:

of the United Provinces, William had already declared war on France on 26 November 1688.).

8: 4722:

Thomas Cogswell, "Prelude to Ré: the Anglo-French struggle over La Rochelle, 1624-1627."

4208: 3945: 3914:

and Singapore. The alliance is intended to protect Singapore and Malaysia from Indonesia.

3793:

1952: In response to Egyptian attacks, British forces storm and take a police station in

3753: 3725: 3697: 3683: 3583:

occupied a neutral country on pretext that Iran didn't let go of German advisors in Iran.

3485: 3221:

1922: Alliance with Japan ends; Canada and Australia disliked the treaty, as did the U.S.

3208: 3075: 3068: 2430: 2330: 2264: 2077: 1793: 1665: 1477: 1445: 1371: 1279: 1271: 1224: 1212: 1197: 920: 857: 773: 763: 713: 648: 623: 538: 388: 383: 351: 185: 153: 75: 9422: 8800: 8355: 8329: 7495:

Britain and the Sino-Japanese war, 1937–1939: a study in the dilemmas of British decline

5011: 3772:

1951: Britain strenuously opposes use of nuclear weapons in Korea as discussed by the US

3396:

signed in London. It is meant to avoid a repeat of the pre-1914 Anglo-German naval race.

3252: 1633:

proclaims "armed neutrality" which helps France & the US and hurts the British cause

9515: 9365: 9334: 9324: 9234: 9153: 9136: 8926: 8223: 7353: 7155: 7075: 6741:

John H. Maurer, "The Anglo-German Naval Rivalry and Informal Arms Control, 1912–1914."

6645: 6538:

edited by Mark & Ljubica Erickson, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004 page 55.

4814:

Gijs Rommelse, "The role of mercantilism in Anglo-Dutch political relations, 1650–74",

4253: 4186: 4129: 3928: 3882: 3787: 3652: 3627: 3460: 3453: 3211:, which it had conquered from the Ottoman Empire in 1917. The mandate lasts until 1948. 3103: 2859: 2738: 2639: 2531: 2397:

sent to reorganise the Egyptian government in order that Egypt could pay off its debts.

2355: 2221: 2189: 2038: 2030:

frees slaves in Empire; the owners (who mostly reside in Britain) are paid £20 million.

1921: 1889: 1874: 1860: 1853: 1822: 1669: 1606: 1549: 1506: 1375: 1297: 1081:

After years of conflict, Spain and England sign the Treaty of London, 29 August 1604. (

1063: 998: 980: 758: 688: 633: 628: 553: 528: 498: 393: 368: 328: 285: 180: 46: 9439:

Great Britain: Foreign Policy and the Span of Empire, 1689–1971: A Documentary History

9201: 9191: 9066: 8909: 6656:

Ira Klein, "The Anglo-Russian Convention and the Problem of Central Asia, 1907–1914",

5919: 3283: 3263: 1562:

1754: Undeclared war between France and Britain begins in North America, known as the

9303: 9166: 8954: 8885:

An Ocean Apart: The Relationship Between Britain and America in the Twentieth Century

8680: 8633: 8244: 8174: 8035: 8008: 7952: 7925: 7755: 7696: 7514: 7219: 7166: 6859: 6693: 6515: 6488: 6140: 6003: 5620: 5580: 5401:

A War of Ideas: British Attitudes to the Wars against Revolutionary France, 1792–1802

5307:

England, Prussia, and the Seven Years War: Studies in Alliance Policies and Diplomacy

5189: 4743: 4648: 3988: 3967:. British policewoman killed by Libyan diplomat. Britain breaks relations with Libya. 3857: 3739: 3626:("Quadrant"). Combined Chiefs (US and UK) agree on 29 divisions to land in France in 3520: 3452:, who is badly injured. As these attacks occurred at the same time as the sinking of 3437: 3201: 3193: 3153: 3118: 3089: 3003: 2974: 2931: 2775: 2671: 2387: 2351: 2260: 2161:

demilitarises the Black Sea, ensuring British dominance of the eastern Mediterranean.

2069: 1846: 1715: 1696: 1651: 1592: 1441: 1421: 1334: 1220: 1168: 1024: 972: 849: 708: 673: 558: 488: 413: 408: 165: 95: 9092:

Penson, Lillian M. "The Principles and Methods of Lord Salisbury's Foreign Policy."

7745: 5281: 3711:

on continuing war-time signet work between the United States and the United Kingdom.

8455: 7813:

Philip A. Grant Jr., "President Harry S. Truman and the British Loan Act of 1946",

7672: 5956:

Geoffrey Hicks, "Disraeli, Derby and the Suez Canal, 1875: some myths reassessed."

5525: 4667:

W. B. Patterson, "King James I and the Protestant cause in the crisis of 1618–22."

3871: 3693:

aid from the US suddenly ends in August. An "Age of Austerity" and cutbacks begins.

3602: 3573: 3499: 3442: 3386: 3378: 3321: 3293: 3279: 3259: 2955:

was achieved and outstanding disputes between Britain and Russia settled. It ended

2866: 2695:

threatens war with France over control of upper Nile River (in present-day eastern

2692: 2463: 2441:

against the foreign control of the government. British take control of Egypt after

2344: 2337: 2165: 2146: 1938: 1924:

to provide a peace in Europe consistent with the conservative mood of the day. His

1672:

to minimise corruption; it centralised British rule by increasing the power of the

1460: 1401:

appointed to oppose Marlborough, proves to be the ablest French general of the war.

1161: 1135: 1131: 1099: 1046:; it is celebrated for centuries as a decisive defeat for England's Catholic enemy. 951: 868: 718: 663: 653: 428: 403: 219: 175: 8431: 7332:

Henderson B. Braddick, "The Hoare-Laval Plan: A Study in International Politics",

5932:

Scramble for Africa: The White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876–1912

3491:

1938: Hitler threatens war over the alleged mistreatment of ethnic Germans in the

1623:

offers Americans all the terms they sought in 1775, but not independence; rejected

1228: 8853: 8831: 8416: 8396: 7919: 7751:

Central and Eastern Europe, 1944–1993: Detour from the Periphery to the Periphery

5532: 4029: 3732: 3718: 3708: 3645: 3633:

1943: An agreement is signed ending all British extraterritorial rights in China.

3609: 3407: 3082: 3010: 2768: 2745: 2606: 2543:

as foreign, mostly British workers in the Transvaal's gold fields are known. The

2235: 2073: 2019: 1967: 1925: 1878: 1873:

1815: Napoleon returns and for 100 days is again a threat; he is defeated at the

1867: 1842:

over national honour, neutral rights at sea, British support for western Indians.

1767: 1760: 1700: 1657:

1784: Britain allows trade with America but forbid some American food exports to

1409: 1382: 1124: 1109: 778: 468: 270: 148: 117: 7004: 6754:

Richard Langhorne, " The Naval Question in Anglo-German Relations, 1912–1914."

6427: 6248:

Lord Salisbury Salisbury and Foreign Policy: The Close of the Nineteenth Century

5252: 3817:. Last time that a British Prime Minister attended a summit of the super-powers. 3803:

1954: Prime Minister Churchill refuses a French request to intervene in Vietnam.

3513:

1939: 15 March - Appeasement policy ends as Germany seizes all of Czechoslovakia

2523:

Empire; the emerging alliance between France and Russia; and the debacle of the

1505:

1719: King George I orders Royal Navy into action against Sweden as part of the

860:. However, after 5 months, Arthur dies at the age of 15. Henry VII reverses the 8557: 8277: 7113:

Christopher Andrew, "British Intelligence and the Breach with Russia in 1927."

5768:

Michael Adas, "Twentieth Century Approaches to the Indian Mutiny of 1857–58",

5713: 4218: 4060: 3996: 3981: 2963: 2956: 2537:

1890: The South African Republic passes a law that disenfranchised most of the

2415: 2401: 2362: 2297: 1990: 1963: 1828: 1818: 1630: 1516: 1471: 1397:

demand that Louis depose Philip to be outrageous. New French commander Marshal

1043: 1017: 886: 845: 796: 338: 8542:(2013) covers origins of First World War 1890s to 1914; see esp. ch 2, 5, 6, 7 8528:(2nd ed. 1950); advanced analysis with extensive coverage of British diplomacy 8451:"Rishi Sunak and Japanese PM to agree closer defence links at Tower of London" 7157:

MacDonald versus Henderson: The Foreign Policy of the Second Labour Government

5668:

Joseph Schafer, "The British Attitude toward the Oregon Question, 1815–1846."

5040: 4506:

The Reign of Mary Tudor: Politics, Government and Religion in England, 1553–58

4012:

1990: Thatcher sends troops to Middle East following Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.

2318:

as principal; Japan studies and copies British technology and business methods

1789:

against Napoleon; it last until 1806 and was marked by mostly French victories

1584:. Britain victorious and takes control of all of Canada; France seeks revenge. 9464: 8846: 8535:(2 vol, 1935); advanced analysis with extensive coverage of British diplomacy 7971:

David C. Wolf, "'To Secure a Convenience': Britain Recognizes China – 1950,"

7290:

D.C. Watt, "The Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 1935: An Interim Judgement"

6159:

R.A. Humphreys, "Anglo-American Rivalries and the Venezuela Crisis of 1895"

5008:

The War of the Succession in Spain: During the Reign of Queen Anne, 1702-1711

4585: 4078: 3957: 3950: 3783: 3314:

1929: MacDonald's Labour government restores relations with the Soviet Union.

3225: 3164: 3157: 3043: 2984: 2136: 2110: 1646:

ends Revolutionary War; British give generous terms to US with boundaries as

1569:

1756: Westminster Convention signed between Britain and Prussia. Part of the

1535: 1057: 881:

1502: Treaty of "perpetual peace" signed with Scotland. The marriage of King

209: 204: 160: 80: 9341:

Britannia Overruled: British Policy and World Power in the Twentieth Century

9112:

Britannia Overruled: British Policy and World Power in the Twentieth Century

9105:

England and the International Policy of the European Great Powers, 1871–1914

6599:

Frank C. Zagare, "The Moroccan Crisis of 1905–1906: an analytic narrative."

6469: 5561:

A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace, 1812–22

3590:

transported supplies Britain gave without charge to the USSR during the war.

3289:

1924: Labour government establishes diplomatic relations with Soviet Russia.

1552:

in Scotland. Final victory of Hanoverians over Jacobites supported by France

9198:

The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy 1783–1919 Vol III 1866–1919

8998: 8988: 6812:

V.V. Veeder, "Lloyd George, Lenin and Cannibals: The Harriman Arbitration"

5466:

Guineas and Gunpowder British Foreign Aid in the War with France, 1793–1815

4448: 3896: 3814: 3503: 3423: 3382: 3374: 3366: 3078:

is issued giving British support for a Jewish "national home" in Palestine.

2812: 2790: 2778:

passed in Germany calling for huge increase in the size of the German Navy.

2598:. The result was to strengthen Afrikaner nationalism and embarrass Britain. 2595: 2587: 2547:

issue becomes a major source of strain and tension in the following decade.

2524: 2512: 2376:

is widely seen as an unacceptable increase in Russian power in the Balkans.

2358:(1878), but did not find a solution to the Eastern Question in the Balkans. 2245:

resolved when US releases Confederate diplomats seized from a British ship.

2242: 192: 143: 9283:

A special relationship: Anglo-American relations from the cold war to Iraq

9188:

The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy 1783–1919 Vol II 1815–1866

8797:

Handbook for the Diplomatic History of Europe, Asia, and Africa, 1870–1914

8374:"Britain says Iran seizes two oil tankers in Gulf, Iran says captured one" 8195:

The final years of British Hong Kong: The discourse of colonial withdrawal

7559:

R.G.D. Allen, "Mutual Aid between the US and the British Empire, 1941—5",

6615:

Ervand Abrahamian, "The causes of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran."

6280: 3644:("Octagon"). Discussion of Pacific strategy; agreement (later revoked) on 3338:

1932: Britain suspends its World War I debt payments to the United States.

9217:

Britain and the World, 1815–1986: A Dictionary of International relations

8773:

The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy 1783–1919 Vol I 1789–1815

8724:

Elizabeth's wars: war, government and society in Tudor England, 1544–1604

8392:"Sweden, Finland Sign Defense Treaty with the U.K. Ahead of Joining NATO" 7921:

The Diplomacy of Pragmatism: Britain and the Formation of Nato, 1942–1949

7264:

Martin Ceadel, "The First British Referendum: The Peace Ballot, 1934-5."

7030:

Britain and the World, 1815–1986: a dictionary of international relations

5783:

China and Great Britain: the diplomacy of commercial relations, 1860–1864

5684:

Richard W. Van Alstyne, "International Rivalries in Pacific Northwest."

5223:

The Last Armada: Britain and the War of the Quadruple Alliance, 1718-1720

4213: 4082: 3907: 3892:. Britain fights undeclared war against Indonesia in defence of Malaysia. 3835: 3831:

signed. Alliance intended to maintain British influence in the Near East.

3598: 3566: 3507: 3492: 3267: 3121:

formed, with Britain an active member, along with the Dominions and India

3022: 2837:

is signed; in 1905 it is renewed and expanded; it is not renewed in 1923.

2793:& guarantees open passage for any nation. Panama Canal opens in 1914. 2760:

Europe. Its declaration banning the use of poison gas was simply ignored.

2725: 2696: 2659: 2591: 2438: 2157: 2132: 1956: 1839: 1739: 861: 197: 9087:

The Foreign Office Mind: The Making of British Foreign Policy, 1865–1914

8067:

D. R. Thorpe, "Eden, (Robert) Anthony, first earl of Avon (1897–1977)",

7646:

Brian P. Farrell, "Symbol of paradox: The Casablanca Conference, 1943",

7622:

The Underrated Enemy: Britain's War with Japan, December 1941 – May 1942

7434: 6934:

Robin Denniston, "Diplomatic intercepts in peace and war: Chanak 1922."

6335:

The China question: great power rivalry and British isolation, 1894–1905

3794: 2614: 2196:. End of war with China. Deeper British commercial involvement in China. 2099:, Britain and France impose a five-year blockade on the Río de la Plata. 1123:, Japan, with the intent of establishing a trading factory. He met with 9097: 9006: 8828:

A History of England. Period 4: Growth of Democracy: Victoria 1837–1880

8211: 7720: 7337: 7295: 7046: 6759: 6309: 6264: 6222: 6164: 6095: 6040: 5689: 5673: 5644: 5349: 5294:

The war that made America: A short history of the French and Indian War

5278:

The Emergence of Britain's Global Naval Supremacy: The War of 1739–1748

4887: 4845: 4709:

Karen Chancey, "The Amboyna massacre in English politics, 1624–1632."

4089: 4043: 4025:

1991: Cold War ends as Communism in USSR ends and the USSR is broken up

3881:

1961: Britain sends troops to Kuwait following threats by Iraqi leader

3839: 3766: 3690: 3658:

1944: December - Battle of Athens. British troops battle the Communist

3550: 3241: 3029:

tries hard to maintain peace and mediate a compromise, but falls short.

2841: 2340:

in 1898 fighting was possible, but France retreated and tensions ended.

2315: 1753: 1679: 1654:

on west, Florida on south. Britain gives East and West Florida to Spain

1495: 1283: 1116: 1003: 872: 8587:(1954), advanced analysis with extensive coverage of British diplomacy 8566:(1996); advanced analysis with extensive coverage of British diplomacy 7976: 7087:

Frank Magee, "Limited Liability"? Britain and the Treaty of Locarno",

6786:

Karl G. Larew, "Great Britain and the Greco‐Turkish War, 1912‐1922."

6661: 3800:

1953: American and British intelligence agencies support coup in Iran.

3682:

as Jews confront Arabs and British in quest for independent Israel in

3125: 2507:, with an extra £20 million for ten new battleships, thirty-eight new 2336:

1875–98: Tensions with France were high over African colonies. At the

1661:; British exports to America reach £3.7 million, imports only £750,000 1573:

that saw Britain drop long-standing ally Austria in favour of Prussia.

976:

is queen; she promotes Catholicism and an alliance with Catholic Spain

9001:. "The Tradition of Appeasement in British Foreign Policy 1865-1939" 8687:

Knights Errant and True Englishmen: British Foreign Policy, 1660–1800

8241:

Blair's Successful War: British Military Intervention in Sierra Leone

8206:

James Piscatori, "The Rushdie affair and the politics of ambiguity."

7211: 5862:

Roland Quinault, "Afghanistan and Gladstone's Moral Foreign Policy",

5809:

Union in peril: The crisis over British intervention in the Civil War

4125: 4093: 3971: 3937:

1976: Britain needs bail-out by the IMF to avoid defaulting on debts.

3640:

1944 September – Churchill and Roosevelt and Combined Chiefs meet in

2817: 2805: 2729: 2558: 2538: 2503:

1889: Salisbury increases he dominance of the Royal navy through the

2117: 1711:), warning that radicalism threatened an upheaval of British society. 1658: 1360: 9295: 8839:

A History of England: Period V. Imperial Reaction Victoria 1880–1901

8472:"Britain, Japan sign defence pact during PM Kishida visit to London" 8142:

British and American responses to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

7593: 7564: 6855:

The Last Century of Sea Power: From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894–1922

3797:. The Ismaïlia incident ignites anti-British rioting all over Egypt. 3762:

1950: Britain recognises China in January, over American objections.

889:

will eventually lead to the Stuart succession to the English throne.

9262:

The Blair Legacy: Politics, Policy, Governance, and Foreign Affairs

9126:

Losing an Empire, Finding a Role: British Foreign Policy Since 1945

8153:

Walter Little, "The Falklands Affair: A Review of the Literature",

6825:

Michael V. Glenny, "The Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement, March 1921."

6770:

Margaret MacMillan, "Making War, Making Peace: Versailles, 1919."

4456: 4294: 3918: 3911: 3672: 2821: 1541:

1744: Large-scale French invasion attempt on southern England with

1146: 8783:

Before the Armada: the Growth of English Foreign Policy, 1485–1588

6217:

Raymond J. Sontag, "The Cowes Interview and the Kruger Telegram."

5181: 4840:

R. Hutton, "The Making of the Secret Treaty of Dover, 1668–1670",

4067:

intended to prevent the country gaining access to nuclear weapons.

3853:

establishes basis for co-operation on nuclear weapons development.

3806:

1954: Treaty signed with Egypt ending the British Suez Canal base.

3410:

is returned to power with a promise to uphold collective security.

2938: 9419:

Diplomatic Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the European War

8983:

The Foreign Office and British Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century

8578:

The Triumph of the Dark: European International History 1933–1939

8031:

Replacing France: The Origins of American Intervention in Vietnam

7379:

The triumph of the dark: European international history 1933–1939

6960:

Elspeth O'Riordan, "British Policy and the Ruhr Crisis 1922–24,"

6304:

T. W. Riker, "A Survey of British Policy in the Fashoda Crisis",

4590:

Before the Armada: The growth of English foreign policy 1485–1588

4110: 3867:

between Britain, Greece and Turkey grants independence to Cyprus.

3149:

begins. Britain was chief supporter of Greece, but it did poorly.

2764: 2516: 2508: 2096: 1814:; US criminalizes the international slave trade at the same time. 1708: 8571:

The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919–1933

8000: 6799:

Christopher M. Bell, "Winston Churchill and the ten year rule."

3039:, but Britain & dominions seize the overseas German colonies 2037:. Britain, Germany and other powers guarantee the neutrality of 1821:

against Napoleonic forces in Spain; result is victory under the

1746:; cession of one half of Mysore to the British and their allies. 9080:

Britain and the Last Tsar: British Policy and Russia, 1894–1917

8976:

The pursuit of greatness: Britain and the world role, 1900–1970

8265:

Selling the war on terror: foreign policy discourses after 9/11

6453:

The great naval race: the Anglo-German naval rivalry, 1900–1914

6132: 5702:

The diplomacy of annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War

5344:

Jonathan R. Dull, "Franklin the Diplomat: The French Mission,"

4777:

Anglo-Spanish Rivalry in Colonial South-East America, 1650–1725

4139:

allowing each other to deploy troops in each other's countries.

4114: 4071: 3714:

1947: The government decides in secret to build an atomic bomb.

2724:, the British High Commissioner for South Africa and President 2275: 2267:

but reduces the sultanate's customs and royal trade monopolies.

1636:

1780–81: Russia and Austria propose peace terms; rejected by US

1626:

1779: Spain enters the war as an ally of France (but not of US)

1153:, but fail. This is the only major English contribution to the 1120: 9343:(2nd ed. 2000), major survey of British foreign policy to 1999 8807:

Defence and diplomacy: Britain and the Great Powers, 1815–1914

4882:

George Clark, "The Character of the Nine Years War, 1688–97",

3601:" as the boundary between Poland and the Soviet Union and the 1455:

1714: The Elector of Hanover becomes king of Great Britain as

9405:

The reluctant imperialists: British foreign policy, 1878–1902

9128:(1990) broad coverage of all topics in British foreign policy 9020:

The reluctant imperialists: British foreign policy, 1878–1902

8304:"UK to keep 450 troops stationed in Afghanistan through 2016" 7891:

Avi Shlaim, "Britain, the Berlin blockade and the cold war",

5210:

Politics and Foreign Policy in the Age of George I, 1714–1727

4103: 4056: 3700:

from the US Treasury in 1946, plus $ 1.2 billion from Canada.

3532:

1939–40: "Phoney war" with little action on the Western Front

3301: 2852: 2296:

with the United States, sets up arbitration that settles the

9226:(2006). Chapters 1 to 4, pp 15–92; historiographical essays. 7828:

John Maynard Keynes. Vol. 3: Fighting for Freedom, 1937–1946

4680:

Maija Jansson, Nikolai Rogozhin, and Paul Bushkovitch, eds.

2211:

British Empire § Britain's imperial century (1815–1914)

1941:. Anglo-Russian rivalry only ends in the early 20th century. 1907:

British Empire § Britain's imperial century (1815–1914)

1810:

1807: Britain makes the international slave trade criminal;

9412:

Mirage of Power: The Documents v. 3: British Foreign Policy

9035:

Mirage of Power: The Documents v. 3: British Foreign Policy

8649:

The Makers of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt to Thatcher

8620:

The Primacy of Foreign Policy in British History, 1660–2000

8498:

A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna

8166: 8113:

Britain and European integration since the Second World War

5999:

Sweet and Bitter Island: A History of the British in Cyprus

5425:

J. R. Watson, "The Peace of Amiens and after, 1802–05." in

3885:

that he will invade Kuwait. Iraq is deterred from invading.

3821: 3535:

1940: British army trapped and narrowly escapes at Dunkirk.

3474:

nationalises land owned by British oil companies in Mexico.

2894:. Germany threatens war with France in an attempt to break 1408:. Marlborough victorious over Villars, but Malplaquet is a 1270:

1688–89: William of Orange invades from the Netherlands as

9042:

Britain and Foreign Affairs 1815–1885: Europe and Overseas

8759:

The Oxford Illustrated History of Tudor and Stuart Britain

3977:

1984: Signs treaty with China to return Hong Kong in 1997.

3481:

are signed. Britain tries to restore relations with Italy.

3240:

Americans to resolve the problem, which was done with the

3174:

is signed. First treaty between Britain and Soviet Russia.

2741:'s offer of an alliance with Germany is refused by Berlin. 1042:

1588: Massive Spanish invasion thwarted by destruction of

954:

excommunicates Henry and annuls his divorce from Catharine

9364:(Oxford UP, 1970.) pp 195–504 are "Selected documents". 7867:

British Intervention in Greece. From Varkiza to Civil War

6727:

Reciprocity, 1911: A Study in Canadian-American Relations

5522:

Prologue to war: England and the United States, 1805–1812

3759:

is fired upon by Chinese Communists on the Yangtze River.

9133:

Britain in Europe, 1789–1914, a survey of foreign policy

5731:

The stricken peacock: Anglo-Burmese relations, 1752–1948

3999:

to death. Britain breaks diplomatic relations with Iran.

3686:, for which Britain holds the League of nations mandate. 1955:

with the United States ends incipient naval race on the

1831:. British gain them in 1815 and designate a new colony, 1108:

1610s: English involvement with Russia; strengthens the

875:

to explore the New World (1497); launches the Royal Navy

8969:

Modern British Foreign Policy: The 19th Century 1814–80

8867:

British Imperialism: Innovation and Expansion 1688–1914

8823:(Oxford UP, 1970.) pp 195–504 are "Selected documents" 8670:

A System of Ambition?: British Foreign Policy 1660–1793

8599:

A military history of Britain: from 1775 to the present

8432:"UK to open negotiations over future of Chagos Islands" 8412:"UK provides security assurances to Sweden and Finland" 6293:

Empire on the Nile: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898–1934

6077:

Nancy W. Ellenberger, "Salisbury" in David Loades, ed.

6024:

Lord Cromer: Victorian Imperialist, Edwardian Proconsul

5616:

The First World War, Second Edition: A Complete History

4682:

England and the North: The Russian Embassy of 1613–1614

4493:

The Field of the Cloth of Gold: Men and Manners in 1320

4275:

International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)

4150:

Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs

3895:

1968: Britain announces withdrawal of military forces "

2445:(although it remains nominally part of Ottoman Empire). 2207:

International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)

2041:; Germany violated it in 1914, so Britain declared war. 1903:

International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)

1609:

in New York; French goal is revenge from defeat in 1763

1484:

pursues policy of peace and friendship towards Britain.

1134:

occurs in Japan. England closes its commercial base at

1066:(1603–25), marking a permanent union of the two thrones 1062:

1603: James VI of Scotland crowned King of England (as

9476:

History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom

9395:

Selected speeches on British foreign policy, 1738–1914

9372:

British documents on the origins of the war, 1898–1914

9114:(2nd ed. 2000), major survey of British foreign policy 8944:

Power and Stability: British Foreign Policy, 1865–1965

8795:

Anderson, Frank Maloy, and Amos Shartle Hershey, eds.

8514:(1989), very wide-ranging, with much on economic power 7588:

John Charmley, "Churchill and the American Alliance",

5185:

Historical Atlas of Canada: From the beginning to 1800

4204:

History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom

3940:

1979: Strongly protests Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

3258:

1924: London conference between Labour Prime Minister

242:

Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)

20:

History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom

9031:

Mirage of Power: 1914–22 v. 2: British Foreign Policy

9027:

Mirage of Power: 1902–14 v. 1: British Foreign Policy

8841:(vol 5, 1904); detailed diplomatic narrative; 295pp; 4096:. In retaliation Iran seizes two British oil tankers. 4009:

1989: Collapse of Communist control in Eastern Europe

2763:

1900: British forces join in international rescue in

2678:

to building up its fleet to achieve Tirpitz's vision.

1326:

insists that the entire Spanish empire go to his son

1267:

causes public backlash against the war and the Crown.

9049:

British Foreign Policy, 1874–1914: The Role of India

7467:

Brent Dyck, "Neville Chamberlain: Villain or Hero?"

7059:

The precarious truce: Anglo-Soviet relations 1924-27

6685: 6480: 6322:

Great Britain and United States Expansion: 1898–1900

5846:

Phillip McCann, "British policy and Confederation."

3769:

against Communist forces from North Korea and China.

2959:

regarding control of Tibet, Persia, and Afghanistan.

2942:

The Triple Entente formed 1907 (in grey) versus the

2728:

of the Transvaal. Principal issue the status of the

2688:

1898: Anglo-Egyptian control over Sudan established.

1138:. The relationship ends for more than two centuries. 9331:

Descent From Power British Foreign Policy 1945–1973

9276:

The New Mandarins: How British Foreign Policy Works

7251:J.A. Thompson, "The Peace Ballot and the Public." 5053:

Scotland's relations with England: a survey to 1707

3931:

after France blocked its first application in 1961.

3790:

in Iran nationalises the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.

2683:

Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory

2590:. Botched attempt at a coup to overthrow President 2091:. To block the ambitions of the Argentine dictator 1434:

29 January 1712: Peace conference opens in Utrecht.

967:; allied with Spain against France; on winning side 247:

Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)

9362:The foreign policy of Victorian England, 1830–1902 8821:The foreign policy of Victorian England, 1830–1902 8731:Great Britain and Europe in the eighteenth century 8677:America or Europe? British Foreign Policy, 1739–63 7776:"Britain, Palestine and Empire: The Mandate Years" 7212:Keith Neilson; Greg Kennedy; David French (2010). 7154: 6466:Studies in the Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902–1923) 5346:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 4644:King James VI and I and the Reunion of Christendom 4159:(1800–70), foreign secretary (1865–66, 1868–1870). 4109:2022: The United Kingdom signs defence pacts with 3331:recognises the full independence to the Dominions. 1322:partition breaks down when the Holy Roman Emperor 9296:Garnett, Mark; Simon Mabon; Robert Smith (2017). 9181:The Evolution of Labour's Foreign Policy, 1900–51 9158: 9037:(1972); vol 1–2 are text, vol 3 = primary sources 8901:(Manchester UP, 1998), university-level textbook. 8564:The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848 7390:Christopher Farman, "The King Street Crusaders", 3765:1950–53: Britain fights under the UN flag in the 1602:adopted on 4 July; France ships arms to Americans 1338:remind the world that he recognizes the Catholic 957:1542: War with Scotland. James V defeated at the 934:allied with Spain against France; on winning side 905:allied with Spain against France; on losing side. 9462: 9073:The Foreign Policy of Sir Edward Grey, 1906–1915 9063:British Foreign Policy Since Versailles, 1919–63 8752:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 7944: 7366:British Foreign Policy Since Versailles, 1919–63 7308:British Foreign Policy Since Versailles, 1919–63 7279:British Foreign Policy Since Versailles, 1919–63 6975:British Foreign Policy Since Versailles, 1919–63 6923:British Foreign Policy Since Versailles, 1919–63 6910:British Foreign Policy Since Versailles, 1919–63 6893:Britain, Palestine and Empire: The Mandate Years 6880:British Foreign Policy Since Versailles, 1919–63 6714:The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 6601:Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 5572: 3436:1936–39: British opinion is deeply split on the 3304:ends. Turkey ends claim to Mosul region of Iraq. 2323:The Conservative government of Benjamin Disraeli 2263:helps preserve Moroccan independence during the 1792:1805: Decisive defeat of the French navy at the 1223:. France attacks Spain and occupies much of the 1193:1657: Alliance with France signed against Spain. 9427:Temperley, Harold, and Lillian M. Penson, eds. 8814:British Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century 8629:Historical Dictionary of British Foreign Policy 8027: 6178:, "Britain and the Armenian Question, 1894–7." 5414:Jay's Treaty: A Study in Commerce and Diplomacy 5333:A Diplomatic History of the American Revolution 4803:The Anglo-Dutch wars of the seventeenth century 4735: 4640: 3377:formed following summit between Prime Minister 3088:1918: Beginning of British intervention in the 9015:(2004), 366pp; include Austro-Hungarian Empire 8625: 7906:The Communist Insurrection in Malaya 1948–1960 7744: 7187:The Statute of Westminster and dominion status 6999:Arnold J. Toynbee, "The East After Lausanne." 6851: 6053:Bismarck, Gladstone, and the Concert of Europe 5995: 5612: 5429:(Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2003) pp. 84-107. 4022:1991: Britain fights in Gulf War against Iraq. 3745:1949: Britain becomes founding member of NATO. 2966:with France and Russia, stands opposed to the 2865:1904: 8 April. Three agreements with France (" 2347:. French investors own the majority of shares. 1827:1809–15: Royal Navy defeats French and seizes 1073:; both sides will no longer support rebellions 1069:1604: King James achieves peace with Spain in 8962:British Foreign and Imperial Policy 1865–1919 8585:The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: 1848–1918 7506: 7152: 6136:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 5971:Disraeli, Gladstone, and the Eastern Question 5182:R. Cole Harris; Geoffrey J. Matthews (1987). 4902:History of Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia 2594:of the South African Republic, instigated by 2407:1880: Foreign policy is a major issue in the 2084:clause, as well as diplomatic representation. 1852:1814: France invaded; Napoleon abdicates and 814: 9491:History of the foreign relations of Pakistan 9269:British foreign policy: the New Labour years 9255:Margaret Thatcher; Volume Two: The Iron Lady 8916:British Foreign and Imperial Affairs 1919–39 8697:Britain and the French Revolution, 1789–1815 8526:European Alliances and Alignments, 1871–1890 8094: 7989:Thirty-Eighth Parallel: The British in Korea 7948:Modern China: A Guide to a Century of Change 7688: 7590:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 6617:International Journal of Middle East Studies 6586:Peter Schneider, "Dogger Bank Incident," in 6161:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5236:British Foreign Policy in the Age of Walpole 4898: 2527:; debates focus on Britain's lack of allies. 1777:: Napoleon closes out the Holy Roman Empire. 1714:1791–92: Government rejects intervention in 1494:1719: Failed Spanish invasion in support of 8834:608pp; highly detailed diplomatic narrative 8618:Mulligan, William, and Brendan Simms, eds. 8505:European International Relations, 1648–1815 8500:(1958), 736pp, basic introduction 1815–1955 8356:"Iran and the crisis in the Gulf explained" 8001:Melvyn P. Leffler; Odd Arne Westad (2010). 7917: 6361:Lord Salisbury Salisbury and Foreign Policy 6348:Lord Salisbury Salisbury and Foreign Policy 5657:Historical dictionary of the British empire 5249:European Journal of International Relations 3561:invading the USSR, which became one of the 3488:'s moving closer to Italy to block Germany. 2183:Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce 8540:The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914 8080:Mervyn O'Driscoll, "Explosive Challenge", 6633:The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914 6507: 6133:James Stuart Olson; Robert Shadle (1991). 6121:The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914 4614:Geoffrey Parker, "Why the Armada Failed", 4550:, June 1989, Vol. 74 Issue 241, pp 196–216 4453:intervention in the Sierra Leone Civil War 3324:gives strong support to League of Nations. 3185:while Britain continues to support Greece. 3018:Tirpitz orders further naval construction. 2530:1890–1902: Salisbury promotes a policy of 2285:a moralistic policy regarding Afghanistan. 2145:; British Burma annexed; the remainder of 923:of France near Calais at the extravagant " 821: 807: 9486:History of the foreign relations of India 9414:(1972); vol 3 = primary sources 1902–1922 9410:Lowe, C.J. and Michael L. Dockrill, eds. 9318:Strategy, Diplomacy and UK Foreign Policy 9267:Daddow, Oliver, and Jamie Gaskarth, eds. 8554:A History of European Diplomacy 1815–1914 7592:6th Ser., Vol. 11 (2001), pp. 353–371 in 7456:Munich 1938: Appeasement and World War II 7015:Sally Marks, "The Myths of Reparations", 6590:ed. by R. Bernhardt, vol. I (1992) p 1090 6588:Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 6389:(2nd ed. 1951) pp 213–58, 605–28, 651–76. 3572:1941: Prime Minister Churchill agrees on 3181:is signed. France supports Turkey in the 2767:, China, & suppress the anti-Western 1468:Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend 1356:15 May 1702: War declared against France. 1145:1627–28: English attempt to aid besieged 291:History of monarchy in the United Kingdom 9162:The Foreign Policy of Canning, 1822–1827 9003:British Journal of International Studies 8095:Joseph Black; et al., eds. (2008). 7561:Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 6440:A new England?: peace and war, 1886–1918 5576:The Foreign Policy of Canning, 1822–1827 5265:The War of Austrian Succession 1740–1748 4561:History of European Diplomacy, 1451–1789 4447:Military interventions include the 1999 4128:enter sovereignty negotiations over the 3207:1922: League of Nation awards Britain a 3124: 2937: 2811: 2613: 2610:to friendlier relationships with France. 2557: 1985:1821–32: Britain supports Greece in the 1076: 9370:Gooch, G.P. and Harold Temperley, eds. 9348:British Foreign Policy under New Labour 8606:The Oxford Companion to British History 8547:The Rise of the Great Powers 1648: 1815 8069:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 7695:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 58ff. 7143:(Palgrave Macmillan, 1991) pp. 209-238. 6387:The diplomacy of imperialism: 1890–1902 6235:The diplomacy of imperialism: 1890–1902 5655:James S. Olson and Robert Shadle, eds. 4300:Foreign relations of the United Kingdom 3704:British prestige and promote democracy. 1582:Third Carnatic War (1756–1763) in India 1545:stopped by storms, France declares war. 1368:John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough 1016:1580–1620s: English merchants form the 844:becomes king (1485–1509), founding the 9463: 9013:British-Hungarian Relations Since 1848 8632:. Scarecrow Press. pp. xix–xxxi. 8533:The Diplomacy of Imperialism 1890–1902 8234: 8167:Lee McGowan; David Phinnemore (2015). 7577:U.S. Wartime Aid to Britain, 1940–1946 6514:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–37. 5545:The War of 1812 in the Age of Napoleon 4422:United Kingdom–United States relations 4370:Latin America–United Kingdom relations 4143: 1918:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1763:allows 13 months of peace with France. 1366:1704: An English and Dutch army under 848:and ending the long civil war called " 9407:(1969) 257pp plus 150 pp of documents 9190:(1922); old highly detailed classic; 9022:(1969) 257pp plus 150 pp of documents 8883:Dimbleby, David, and David Reynolds. 8738:Stuart and Cromwellian foreign policy 8521:(5th ed. 1973), very detailed outline 8490: 8469: 8004:The Cambridge History of the Cold War 7141:Anglo-American Relations in the 1920s 4629:Stuart and Cromwellian Foreign Policy 4427:United Kingdom and the United Nations 4106:with Australia and the United States. 3953:. Relations restored later that year. 3085:, the American statement of war aims. 2873:, and the British foreign secretary, 2106:threatens war with the United States. 1883:Britain's Imperial Century, 1815–1914 1749:1793: France declares war on Britain. 1263:1673: Revelation of the pro-Catholic 1201:drive in diplomacy in western Europe. 908:1513: English defeat & kill King 9471:Historiography of the British Empire 9025:Lowe, C.J. and Michael L. Dockrill. 8951:Before the war: studies in diplomacy 8942:Goldstein and Brian McKercher, eds. 8663:The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I 8622:(Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 345 pages 8591: 8448: 7854:Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952 5188:. U. of Toronto Press. p. 102. 4742:. Taylor & Francis. p. 36. 4519:The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I 4397:Netherlands–United Kingdom relations 4242:List of wars involving Great Britain 4224:Historiography of the British Empire 4070:2016: The United Kingdom votes for " 3724:1947–48: Britain withdraws from the 3498:1938: Britain and France signed the 2307:in charge of modernizing the forces. 1877:and exiled to a distant island; the 1849:; British gains and threatens France 1735:the French out of the Low Countries. 1595:revolt; Britain has no major allies. 1216:Bourbons and the Austrian Habsburgs. 919:1520: 7 June: Henry VIII meets with 9224:A Companion to 19th-Century Britain 8939:was a top level official 1895–1923. 8878:Retreat from Power: After 1939 v. 2 8470:Smout, Alistair (11 January 2023). 8278:"Last British troops leave Helmand" 8101:. Broadview Press. pp. 788–89. 6468:(London School of Economics, 2003) 6275:Ross G. Forman, "Hong Kong, 1898." 4932:(London: Osprey) pp 11 & 37–38. 4285:International relations (1919–1939) 4191:Secretary of State for the Colonies 4102:2021: The United Kingdom co-founds 4039:1994: Relations restored with Iran. 3140:International relations (1919–1939) 2674:passed in Germany that commits the 2450:United Kingdom–Korea Treaty of 1883 2080:to foreigners, and provides both a 1833:United States of the Ionian Islands 1424:for the Tories on a peace platform. 13: 9354: 8170:A Dictionary of the European Union 7659:Serge Bernier, "Mapping Victory", 7405:British Foreign Policy 1919 – 1939 6674:Triple Alliance and Triple Entente 4375:Argentina–United Kingdom relations 4345:Indonesia–United Kingdom relations 4290:Diplomatic history of World War II 4088:2019: Britain impounds an Iranian 4049:2001: Britain joins war on terror. 3445:are completely victorious in 1939. 3360:Diplomatic history of World War II 2789:of 1850; allows U.S. to build the 2481:confrontation of the great powers. 2469:1885–1902: Historians agree that 1920:(foreign minister) works with the 1892:(1815) – in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) 1796:by Nelson; end of invasion threats 1385:merges Scotland into Britain; the 301:History of the politics of England 14: 9527: 9299:British Foreign Policy since 1945 8899:British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939 8892:Canning: Politician and Statesman 8714:British Foreign Policy, 1660–1672 8613:Britain and France: Ten Centuries 8449:Daly, Patrick (11 January 2023). 8034:. U.P. of Kentucky. p. 107. 7513:. Psychology Press. p. 235. 7089:Twentieth Century British History 6988:The Lights that Failed: 1919–1933 6374:Lord Salisbury and Foreign Policy 6092:Slavonic and East European Review 6079:Reader's Guide to British History 4858:1688: The First Modern Revolution 4601:Angus Konstam and Angus McBride, 4407:Portugal–United Kingdom relations 4280:Diplomatic history of World War I 4270:International relations 1648-1814 3557:1941, 22 June – Germany launched 3431:Remilitarization of the Rhineland 3422:is forced to resign, replaced by 3320:1929–31: Labour Foreign Minister 2903:Persian Constitutional Revolution 2224:was widely celebrated in Britain. 2120:are repealed; free trade in grain 1835:. It was ceded to Greece in 1864. 1173:Timeline of the English Civil War 1090:1613: James marries his daughter 296:History of the economy of England 9210:The Foreign Policy of Palmerston 9011:Laszlo, Peter, and Martyn Rady, 8745:Britain and the World, 1649–1815 8519:An Encyclopedia of World History 8463: 8442: 8424: 8404: 8384: 8366: 8348: 8330:"Iran nuclear deal: Key details" 8322: 8296: 8270: 8257: 8228: 8216: 8200: 8187: 8160: 8147: 8134: 8118: 8105: 8087: 8074: 8061: 8048: 8021: 7994: 7981: 7965: 7938: 7911: 7898: 7885: 7872: 7859: 7846: 7833: 7820: 7807: 7794: 7781: 7768: 7738: 7733:A companion to Europe since 1945 7725: 7709: 7682: 7666: 7653: 7640: 7627: 7614: 7598: 7582: 7569: 7553: 7548:Journal of Transatlantic Studies 7540: 7527: 7500: 7487: 7474: 7461: 7448: 7439: 7423: 7410: 7397: 7384: 7371: 7358: 7342: 7326: 7313: 7300: 7284: 7271: 7258: 7245: 7232: 7205: 7192: 7179: 7146: 7133: 7120: 7107: 7094: 7081: 7064: 7051: 7035: 7022: 7009: 6993: 6980: 6967: 6954: 6941: 6928: 6915: 6902: 6885: 6872: 6845: 6832: 6819: 6806: 6793: 6780: 6764: 6748: 6735: 6719: 6706: 6679: 6666: 6650: 6638: 6625: 6609: 6593: 6580: 6567: 6554: 6541: 6528: 6511:Tibet in the Western Imagination 6501: 6484:The Companion to British History 6474: 6458: 6445: 6432: 6420: 6408: 6392: 6379: 6366: 6353: 6340: 6327: 6314: 6298: 6285: 6269: 6253: 6240: 6227: 6211: 6198: 6185: 6169: 6153: 6126: 6113: 6100: 6084: 6071: 6058: 6045: 6029: 6016: 5989: 5976: 5963: 5950: 5937: 5924: 5908: 5895: 4739:Encyclopedia of Religion and War 4441: 4335:Germany–United Kingdom relations 4320:Denmark–United Kingdom relations 4305:Belgium–United Kingdom relations 4189:, (1836–1914), Liberal Unionist 4034:European Exchange Rate Mechanism 3698:$ 3.75 billion low-interest loan 2329:1875–1900: Britain joins in the 1557:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) 1428:danger as a Bourbon super-state. 944:, allied with France; Spain wins 790: 56: 8923:The Life of Neville Chamberlain 8865:Cain, P. J. and A. G. Hopkins. 8485: 8071:(Oxford University Press, 2004) 7973:Journal of Contemporary History 7895:, (Winter 1983/84) 60#1 pp 1–14 7843:, (Summer 2005) 19#2 pp 151–168 7533:Doug Dildy and Howard Gerrard, 7321:Review of International Studies 7240:Journal of Contemporary History 6827:Journal of Contemporary History 6549:Russia War, Peace and Diplomacy 6536:Russia War, Peace and Diplomacy 5882: 5869: 5856: 5840: 5827: 5814: 5801: 5788: 5775: 5772:, 1971, Vol. 5 Issue 1, pp 1–19 5762: 5749: 5736: 5723: 5707: 5694: 5678: 5662: 5649: 5633: 5606: 5593: 5566: 5553: 5537: 5514: 5501: 5488: 5471: 5458: 5445: 5432: 5419: 5406: 5393: 5380: 5367: 5354: 5338: 5325: 5312: 5299: 5286: 5270: 5257: 5241: 5228: 5215: 5202: 5175: 5162: 5149: 5136: 5123: 5110: 5097: 5084: 5071: 5058: 5045: 5029: 5016: 5000: 4987: 4974: 4961: 4948: 4935: 4922: 4909: 4892: 4876: 4863: 4850: 4834: 4821: 4808: 4795: 4782: 4769: 4756: 4729: 4716: 4703: 4687: 4674: 4661: 4634: 4621: 4608: 4595: 4417:Turkey–United Kingdom relations 4412:Serbia–United Kingdom relations 4402:Poland–United Kingdom relations 4390:Mexico–United Kingdom relations 4380:Brazil–United Kingdom relations 4355:Israel–United Kingdom relations 4340:Greece–United Kingdom relations 4330:France–United Kingdom relations 4310:Canada–United Kingdom relations 3904:Five Power Defence Arrangements 3696:1945–46: Parliament approves a 3549:1941: The United States begins 3300:1926: Dispute with Turkey over 2816:A 1904 French postcard showing 2653:1897: German Foreign Secretary 2466:causes a war scare with Russia. 2437:1882: Uprising in Egypt led by 2372:ends in a Russian victory. The 2312:Imperial College of Engineering 2272:British North America Act, 1867 2089:Blockade of the Río de la Plata 1512:1721: Peace signed with Sweden. 1353:'s claim to the Spanish throne. 1050: 833: 281:History of education in England 9501:Treaties of the United Kingdom 9152:(1936) 550pp; covers 1910–35; 8173:. Routledge. pp. 490–91. 8007:. Cambridge U.P. p. 381. 7882:, (Sept 2010) 21#3 pp 416–433, 7817:, (Summer 1995) 25#3 pp 489–96 7815:Presidential Studies Quarterly 7535:Dunkirk 1940: Operation Dynamo 7482:New England Journal of History 7161:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 6743:Journal of Conflict Resolution 5866:, Dec 2002, Vol. 52#2 pp 28–34 5442:(1944) for British perspective 4603:Elizabethan Sea Dogs 1560–1605 4579: 4566: 4553: 4540: 4527: 4511: 4498: 4485: 4472: 4365:Japan–United Kingdom relations 4360:Italy–United Kingdom relations 4325:Egypt–United Kingdom relations 4315:China–United Kingdom relations 4236:List of wars involving England 4135:2023: Japan and the UK sign a 3680:Jewish insurgency in Palestine 3042:1915: British passenger liner 2970:of Germany, Austria and Italy. 1934:question of Greek independence 1881:end, marking the start of the 1532:War of the Austrian Succession 1399:Claude Louis Hector de Villars 276:Government in medieval England 1: 8545:Mckay, Derek and H.M. Scott. 8157:, (June 1984) 32#2 pp 296–310 8126:Contemporary European History 8084:, (Winter 2009) 11#1 pp 28–56 7754:. Cambridge U.P. p. 12. 6686:Matthew S. Seligmann (2006). 6481:Charles Arnold-Baker (2015). 6442:(Oxford UP, 2004) pp 269–307. 5388:Francia: Part 2 Fruhe Neuzeit 5335:(Yale University Press, 1987) 4647:. Cambridge U.P. p. 70. 4466: 4385:Cuba–United Kingdom relations 4350:Iran–United Kingdom relations 4264:History of the United Kingdom 4124:2022: The United Kingdom and 4074:" to leave the European Union 4003: 3851:Anglo-American nuclear treaty 3721:against Communist guerrillas. 3662:forces for control of Athens. 3581:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 3282:, and his French counterpart 2459:rules Egypt as consul general 1738:1792: In India, victory over 1489:War of the Quadruple Alliance 1347:War of the Spanish Succession 1096:Frederick V, Elector Palatine 1032:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) 9511:Contemporary British history 9388:Britain and Europe 1793–1940 9248:A Journey: My Political Life 9233:(1954) comprehensive survey 9231:The Age of Reform: 1815–1870 9094:Cambridge Historical Journal 9005:(1976) 2#3 pp. 195–215 8805:Bartlett, Christopher John. 8789: 8704:England and Europe 1485–1603 8556:(1922), basic introduction; 7991:(Glasgow: AD Hamilton, 1976) 7841:Contemporary British History 7791:(March 2011) 9#3 pp 215–230. 7650:, (April 1993) 28#1 pp 21–40 7471:(2011), Issue 112, pp 12–15. 6899:(March 2011) 9#3 pp 215–230. 6858:. Indiana U.P. p. 496. 6840:International History Review 5984:International History Review 5643:(1979) 51#2 pp. D1085-D1117 5377:(2006) vol 1 pp 41–42, 88–93 5373:Gregory Fremont-Barnes, ed. 4884:Cambridge Historical Journal 4491:Joycelyne Gledhill Russell, 4032:. Britain forced out of the 3666: 3540:trades bases on its colonies 3479:Anglo-Italian Easter Accords 3394:Anglo-German Naval Agreement 3349: 3209:mandate to control Palestine 3172:Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement 3133: 2989:Alfred von Kiderlen-Waechter 2808:accepted as British leaders. 2626: 2605:escalated tensions with his 2386:gives Britain possession of 2200: 2072:follows military victory in 1896: 1689: 1416:2 October–16 November 1710: 1315: 916:; he was allied with France. 903:War of the League of Cambrai 266:English overseas possessions 7: 9150:The Reign of King George V, 9075:(1915) 128pp, by a top aide 8768:(Tuckwell Press Ltd, 2000). 8082:Journal of Cold War Studies 7951:. Harvard U.P. p. 29. 7648:Canadian Journal of History 7606:Journal of Military History 7507:Gordon Martel, ed. (1999). 7350:The Reign of King George V, 7072:The Reign of King George V, 6801:Journal of Military History 6306:Political Science Quarterly 6261:Political Science Quarterly 6219:Political Science Quarterly 5822:Canadian Journal of History 5686:Oregon Historical Quarterly 5440:Years of Victory, 1802–1812 4197: 4137:Reciprocal Access Agreement 4119:Russian invasion of Ukraine 3865:Zürich and London Agreement 3813:attended by Prime Minister 3406:takes place. Government of 3385:and Italian Prime Minister 3190:Washington Naval Conference 3179:Franklin-Bouillon Agreement 2946:of 1882–1914, shown in red. 2250:Schleswig-Holstein question 1845:1813: Napoleon defeated at 1799:1806–07: Britain leads the 1600:Declaration of Independence 1189:Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60) 942:War of the League of Cognac 24:Timeline of English history 18:For Narrative history, see 10: 9532: 9390:(1967); 390pp of documents 9320:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) 9159:Temperley, H.W.V. (1925). 8946:(2003), essays by scholars 8933:Curzon: Imperial Statesman 8655: 8235:Dorman, Andrew M. (2016). 7717:American Historical Review 7635:English History: 1914–1945 7117:(1982) 25#4 : 957-64. 7043:American Historical Review 6962:Diplomacy & Statecraft 6949:English History, 1914–1945 6658:Journal of British Studies 6206:Salisbury: Victorian Titan 6193:Salisbury: Victorian Titan 6139:. Greenwood. p. 279. 6108:Salisbury: Victorian-Titan 5945:Diplomacy & Statecraft 5903:Journal of British Studies 5796:England and Italy, 1859–60 5744:The Crimean War: A History 5670:American Historical Review 5579:. Routledge. p. 342. 5364:(U. of Exeter Press, 2001) 4905:. Harper. pp. 141–51. 4764:Cromwellian Foreign Policy 4042:1997–2007: Prime Minister 3995:sentencing British author 3775:1951: Egypt renounces the 3670: 3538:1940: September - Britain 3353: 3307:1927: British police raid 3137: 3081:1918: Britain accepts the 2804:. Boer leaders especially 2757:The first Hague Conference 2752:) declares war on Britain. 2630: 2601:1896: January – Germany's 2552:Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty 2418:; Britain defeated by the 2234:, although Prime Minister 2204: 2129:British East India Company 2028:Slavery Abolition Act 1833 2006:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 1900: 1775:War of the Third Coalition 1770:(1803–1815) against France 1729:War of the First Coalition 1589:American Revolutionary War 1404:11 September 1709: Bloody 1177:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1115:1613: The English captain 925:Field of the Cloth of Gold 91:Economy in the Middle Ages 22:. For general topics, see 17: 9506:British history timelines 9417:Scott, James Brown, ed., 9240: 8611:Johnson, Douglas, et al. 8058:, (June 2001) 12#2 125–52 7945:Graham Hutchings (2003). 7677:Churchill and Eden at War 7292:Journal of Modern History 7266:English Historical Review 6814:Arbitration International 6575:Revue d’Études Tibétaines 6487:. Routledge. p. 90. 6094:(1958) 36#87 pp. 340–369 6002:. I.B.Tauris. p. 3. 5848:Newfoundland Studies 14.2 5672:(1911) 16#2 pp: 273–299. 5641:Journal of Modern History 5619:. Macmillan. p. 32. 5573:H.W.V. Temperley (1925). 5509:English Historical Review 5170:The French Wars 1667–1714 5157:The French Wars 1667–1714 5144:The French Wars 1667–1714 5131:The French Wars 1667–1714 5118:The French Wars 1667–1714 5105:The French Wars 1667–1714 5092:The French Wars 1667–1714 5079:The French Wars 1667–1714 5066:The French Wars 1667–1714 4982:The French Wars 1667–1714 4969:The French Wars 1667–1714 4956:The French Wars 1667–1714 4943:The French Wars 1667–1714 4930:The French Wars 1667–1714 4917:The French Wars 1667–1714 4871:The French Wars 1667–1714 4829:The French Wars 1667–1714 4669:Studies in Church History 4482:(1996) 81# 263, pp 343–58 4449:Kosovo peacekeeping force 4259:History of the Royal Navy 3965:Murder of Yvonne Fletcher 3576:with President Roosevelt. 3468:Mexican oil expropriation 3450:Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen 2737:1899: Colonial Secretary 1999:London Conference of 1832 1987:Greek War of Independence 1783:1804: Pitt organized the 1723:French Revolutionary Wars 1668:re-organised the British 1621:Carlisle Peace Commission 1298:War of the Grand Alliance 9302:. Taylor & Francis. 9054:Matzke, Rebecca Berens. 8056:Diplomacy and Statecraft 8028:Kathryn Statler (2007). 7975:(1983) 18#2 pp. 299–326 7880:Diplomacy and Statecraft 7804:, (2010) 21#3 pp 416–433 7802:Diplomacy and Statecraft 7719:(1978) 83#2 pp. 368–387 7563:(1946) 109#3 pp 243–277 7336:(1962) 24#3 pp. 342–364 7294:, (1956) 28#2 pp 155–75 7218:. Ashgate. p. 120. 7185:Kenneth Clinton Wheare, 7104:(1981) 17#2 pp: 256–276. 7091:, (Jan 1995) 6#1 pp 1–22 7045:(1959) 64#4 pp. 891–905 7019:, (1978) 11#3 pp 231–255 7017:Central European History 6936:Diplomacy and Statecraft 6660:(1971) 11#1 pp. 126–147 6464:Gordon Daniels, et al., 6039:(1960) 22#2 pp 187–201. 5770:Journal of Asian History 4886:(1954) 11#2 pp. 168–182 4844:(1986) 29#2 pp. 297–318 4736:Palmer-Fernande (2003). 4641:W. B. Patterson (2000). 4434: 4231:British military history 3890:Indonesian confrontation 3648:to demilitarise Germany. 3642:Second Quebec Conference 2409:British general election 2350:1875–78: Prime Minister 1995:Treaty of Constantinople 1805:Battle of Jena–Auerstedt 1705:William Pitt the Younger 1678:1785: Congress appoints 1387:Kingdom of Great Britain 1351:Archduke Karl of Austria 1305:Grand Embassy of Peter I 856:to the Spanish princess 419:East Riding of Yorkshire 334:Kingdom of Great Britain 9393:Jones, Edgar Rees, ed. 9135:(1937) useful overview 8860:Palmerston: A Biography 8644:timeline pp xix to xxxi 8626:Neville, Peter (2013). 8496:Albrecht-Carrié, René. 8237:"The Defeat of the RUF" 8128:(2008) 17#4 pp 545–566 7323:37.3 (2011): 1383–1401. 7268:95.377 (1980): 810–839. 7202:(2nd ed. 2000) pp 120–1 7130:(1964) 37#95 pp: 60–72. 6938:(2000) 11#1 pp 241–256. 6852:H. P. Willmott (2009). 6803:74.4 (2010): 1097-1128. 6603:21.3 (2015): 327-350. 6308:44#1 (1929), pp. 54–78 6263:112.2 (1997): 285-306. 5996:Tabitha Morgan (2010). 5960:97.326 (2012): 182-203. 5947:(2006) 17#4 pp 693–714. 5613:Martin Gilbert (2004). 5601:Palmerston: A Biography 5549:excerpt and text search 5531:3 December 2012 at the 5511:99.392 (1984): 503-529. 5479:Discourse & Society 4816:Economic History Review 4533:Benton Rain Patterson, 4523:excerpt and text search 4249:English colonial empire 3917:1972: Ugandan dictator 3838:Egypt nationalised the 2858:1904: Beginning of the 2849:Younghusband expedition 2835:Anglo-Japanese Alliance 2744:1899: Beginning of the 2718:Bloemfontein Conference 2578:1894–96: Britain puts 2490:Witwatersrand Gold Rush 2230:1861–65: Neutrality in 2151:Third Anglo-Burmese War 2104:Oregon boundary dispute 2078:extraterritorial rights 2013:First Anglo-Burmese War 1946:Third Anglo-Maratha War 927:"; no alliance results. 914:Battle of Flodden Field 854:Arthur, Prince of Wales 8809:(Manchester UP, 1993). 8695:Dickinson, H. T., ed. 7608:71#3 (2007): 773–808. 7153:David Carlton (1970). 7102:Middle Eastern Studies 6758:14#2 (1971): 359–370. 6619:10.3 (1979): 381-414. 6402:75.3 (1999): 619-634. 6221:40.2 (1925): 217–247. 5833:Keith A.P. Sandiford, 5390:(1994) 21#2 pp 129–146 5251:17#2 (2011): 209–232. 5037:The battle of Blenheim 4818:(2010) 63#3 pp 591–611 4697:68.2 (2013): 207-231. 3563:Allies of World War II 3356:Causes of World War II 3329:Statute of Westminster 3130: 3129:British Empire in 1921 3112:Khaki Election of 1918 2947: 2825: 2750:South African Republic 2623: 2567: 2534:with no formal allies. 2505:Naval Defence Act 1889 2420:South African Republic 2257:Anglo-Moroccan Accords 2053:First Anglo-Afghan War 1744:Third Anglo-Mysore War 1480:in France. Regency of 1265:Secret Treaty of Dover 1206:Second Anglo-Dutch War 1086: 981:Prince Philip of Spain 965:Italian War of 1551–59 932:Italian War of 1521–26 135:Black Death in England 9222:Williams, Chris, ed. 9065:(1968), basic survey 8981:Johnson, Gaynor, ed. 8953:(vol 1 1936) pp 1–86 8538:Macmillan, Margaret. 8208:International Affairs 8140:Gabriella Grasselli, 7893:International Affairs 7689:Peter Clarke (2010). 7550:11#3 (2013): 234–248. 7416:Catherine E. Jayne, 7255:13.4 (1981): 381–392. 7242:46.2 (2011): 288-307. 7061:(Cambridge UP, 1977). 6964:(2004)15#2 pp 221–251 6842:23.3 (2001): 580-603. 6816:16.2 (2014): 115-140. 6790:35.2 (1973): 256-270. 6774:121.1 (2014): 24–38. 6745:36.2 (1992): 284–308. 6400:International Affairs 6320:Robert George Neale, 6182:19#1 (1976): 113–133. 5986:37.4 (2015): 864–886. 5481:20.3 (2009): 381-399 5348:(1982) 72#1 pp. 1–76 4899:Jacob Abbott (1869). 4856:Steven C. A. Pincus, 4713:30.4 (1998): 583-598. 4148:See the full list at 3960:over Falkland Islands 3870:1960: Prime Minister 3671:Further information: 3617:Casablanca Conference 3565:fighting against the 3354:Further information: 3138:Further information: 3128: 3061:Sykes–Picot Agreement 2953:Anglo-Russian Entente 2941: 2892:First Moroccan Crisis 2815: 2802:Union of South Africa 2798:Treaty of Vereeniging 2787:Clayton–Bulwer Treaty 2783:Hay–Pauncefote Treaty 2701:Cape to Cairo Railway 2633:Causes of World War I 2631:Further information: 2617: 2561: 2374:Treaty of San Stefano 2300:in 1872 in US favour. 2241:1861: War scare over 2205:Further information: 2149:is annexed after the 1901:Further information: 1847:Battle of the Nations 1838:1812–15: US declares 1709:leaders of the Terror 1648:British North America 1571:Diplomatic Revolution 1564:French and Indian War 1543:Charles Edward Stuart 1258:Third Anglo-Dutch War 1183:First Anglo-Dutch War 1080: 1011:Convention of Nymegen 979:1554: Mary I marries 959:Battle of Solway Moss 9437:Wiener, Joel H. ed. 9131:Seton-Watson, R. W. 9096:5#1 (1935): 87–106. 8852:4 March 2017 at the 8685:Black, Jeremy, ed. 7918:John Baylis (1993). 7663:(2008) 88#1 pp 69–72 7484:(2010) 66#2 pp 1–30. 7394:(2012) 62#2 pp 10–17 7057:Gabriel Gorodetsky, 6951:(1965) pp 202–3, 335 6712:Christopher Clark, 6672:Bernadotte Schmitt, 6631:Margaret MacMillan, 6279:36.1 (2010): 45-49. 6119:Margaret Macmillan, 5969:R. W. Seton-Watson; 5905:2#2 (1963): 110–141. 5757:Rise of modern China 5412:Samuel Flagg Bemis, 4993:John B. Hattendorf, 4790:Louis XIV and Europe 4726:71.231 (1986): 1-21. 4618:(May 1988) pp 26–33. 4017:Two plus four treaty 3974:from European Union. 3970:1984: Thatcher wins 3927:1973: Britain joins 3786:. The government of 3559:Operation Barbarossa 3470:. The government of 3152:1919: War Secretary 3100:Treaty of Versailles 2910:Algeciras Conference 2885:Dogger Bank incident 2748:when the Transvaal ( 2708:Spanish–American War 2314:opens in Tokyo with 2294:Treaty of Washington 2283:Gladstone formulates 2218:Unification of Italy 2194:Convention of Peking 2093:Juan Manuel de Rosas 2082:most favoured nation 2015:(1824–1826) in Burma 1812:Slave Trade Act 1807 1500:Battle of Glen Shiel 1476:1715: Death of King 1466:1714–17, 1731–1730: 1450:Austrian Netherlands 1406:Battle of Malplaquet 1370:defeats the army of 1303:1697–98: During the 1151:Siege of La Rochelle 910:James IV of Scotland 883:James IV of Scotland 9179:Vickers, Rhiannon. 8960:Goodlad, Graham D. 8837:Bright, J. Franck. 8826:Bright, J. Franck. 8761:(2000), pp 397–432. 8757:Morrill, John, ed. 8729:Horn, David Bayne. 8562:Schroeder, Paul W. 8531:Langer, William L. 8524:Langer, William L. 7200:Britannia Overruled 7128:Historical Research 7003:2.1 (1923): 84-98. 6577:21 (2011): 123-153. 6508:T. Neuhaus (2012). 6233:William L. Langer, 6163:(1967) 17: 131–164 5700:David M. Pletcher, 5438:See Arthur Bryant, 5427:Romanticism and War 5305:Karl W. Schweizer, 5221:Jonathon D. Oates, 4695:Monumenta Nipponica 4671:18 (1982): 319–334. 4576:(May 2010), pp 1–34 4209:American Revolution 4144:Prominent diplomats 4117:in response to the 3946:Death of a Princess 3486:Neville Chamberlain 3276:The Geneva Protocol 3262:and French Premier 3076:Balfour Declaration 3069:Zimmermann Telegram 3035:1914: Stalemate on 2618:The battleship HMS 2566:by J.S. Pughe, 1895 2431:Pretoria Convention 2370:Russian-Turkish War 2331:Scramble for Africa 2265:Scramble for Africa 2061:. The ambitions of 1997:is ratified at the 1948:(1817–1818) – India 1930:Polish-Saxon crisis 1794:Battle of Trafalgar 1684:Court of St James's 1524:War of Jenkins' Ear 1446:Spanish Netherlands 1372:Louis XIV of France 1280:Glorious Revolution 1225:Spanish Netherlands 1198:Louis XIV of France 858:Catherine of Aragon 186:Glorious Revolution 154:English Renaissance 106:English unification 76:Prehistoric Britain 9288:Finlan, Alastair. 9208:Webster, Charles. 8906:England, 1870–1914 8754:21.1 (1993): 1–30. 8722:Hammer, Paul E.J. 8604:Cannon, John, ed. 8491:European diplomacy 8438:. 3 November 2022. 7924:. Kent State U.P. 7856:(1974) vol 1 p 184 7826:Robert Skidelsky, 7774:Roty Miller, ed., 7407:(1998) pp 194–203. 7381:(2010) pp 136–161. 7352:(1936) pp 500–12. 7334:Review of Politics 7115:Historical Journal 6829:5.2 (1970): 63-82. 6756:Historical Journal 6635:(2012) pp 378—398. 6372:J.A.S. Grenville, 6246:J.A.S. Grenville, 6180:Historical Journal 6037:Review of Politics 5918:(1936), pp 37–65. 5916:England, 1870–1914 5733:(M. Nijhoff, 1965) 5520:Bradford Perkins, 5331:Jonathan R. Dull, 5051:William Ferguson, 5022:Wilbur C. Abbott, 4842:Historical Journal 4801:James Rees Jones, 4779:(Routledge, 2015). 4254:History of England 4187:Joseph Chamberlain 4169:2nd Earl Granville 4163:1st Earl Granville 4130:Chagos archipelago 3958:War with Argentina 3929:European Community 3883:Abd al-Karim Qasim 3788:Mohammad Mosaddegh 3752:incident. Frigate 3653:Vyacheslav Molotov 3628:Operation Overlord 3461:Franklin Roosevelt 3249:Treaty of Lausanne 3192:concluding in the 3131: 3104:David Lloyd George 2997:Conservative Party 2948: 2871:Théophile Delcassé 2860:Russo-Japanese War 2826: 2785:with US nullifies 2739:Joseph Chamberlain 2655:Bernhard von Bülow 2640:Alfred von Tirpitz 2624: 2580:pressure on Turkey 2568: 2532:Splendid isolation 2515:and four new fast 2356:Congress of Berlin 2232:American Civil War 2222:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2190:Treaty of Tientsin 2143:Second Burmese war 1932:at Vienna and the 1922:Congress of Vienna 1890:Second Kandyan War 1875:Battle of Waterloo 1861:Anglo-Nepalese War 1854:Congress of Vienna 1823:Duke of Wellington 1670:East India Company 1607:Battle of Saratoga 1550:Battle of Culloden 1507:Great Northern War 1376:Battle of Blenheim 1087: 1064:James I of England 1056:1603–1714 was the 999:Francis Walsingham 797:England portal 444:Greater Manchester 329:Kingdom of England 286:History of English 101:Anglo-Saxon period 9457:4 vol. 3400 pages 9386:Joll, James, ed. 9360:Bourne, Kenneth. 9339:Reynolds, David. 9260:Casey, Terrence. 9117:Reynolds, David. 9110:Reynolds, David. 9071:Murray, Gilbert. 8974:Holland, Robert. 8904:Ensor, R. C. K. 8819:Bourne, Kenneth. 8592:British diplomacy 8517:Langer, William. 8362:. 19 August 2019. 8336:. 16 January 2016 8310:. 27 October 2015 8284:. 27 October 2014 8210:(1990): 767–789. 8155:Political Studies 7852:Margaret Gowing, 7633:A. J. P. Taylor, 7493:Bradford A. Lee, 7433:(1975): 555–574. 7368:(1968) pp 142–50. 7310:(1968) pp 142–50. 7281:(1968) pp 138–42. 6990:(2007) pp 220–37. 6947:A. J. P. Taylor, 6891:Rory Miller, ed. 6772:Queen's Quarterly 6716:(2012) pp 204–13. 6376:(1964) pp 235–64. 6363:(1964) pp 173–76. 6350:(1964) pp 243–46. 6250:(1964) pp 368–69. 6237:(1951) pp 433–42. 6195:(1999) pp 605–11. 6051:W. N. Medlicott, 5930:Thomas Pakenham, 5914:R. C. K. Ensor, 5890:England 1870–1914 5888:R. C. K. Ensor, 5877:England 1870–1914 5875:R. C. K. Ensor, 5688:(1945): 185–218. 5659:(1996) vol 1 p 47 5559:Henry Kissinger, 5494:Julian Rathbone, 5464:John M. Sherwig, 5399:Emma V. Macleod, 5360:Andrew Stockley, 5276:Richard Harding, 4762:Timothy Venning, 4563:(1928) pp 133–40. 4504:David M. Loades, 4157:Earl of Clarendon 3989:Ruhollah Khomeini 3956:1982: Victory in 3740:Malayan Emergency 3726:Palestine Mandate 3624:Quebec Conference 3521:Tientsin Incident 3438:Spanish Civil War 3381:, French Premier 3237:occupies the Ruhr 3202:Nine-Power Treaty 3198:Five-Power Treaty 3194:Four-Power Treaty 3183:Greco-Turkish War 3154:Winston Churchill 3147:Greco-Turkish War 3119:League of Nations 3090:Russian Civil War 2920:. The launch of 2422:of the Afrikaners 2363:Bulgarian Horrors 2352:Benjamin Disraeli 2261:John Drummond-Hay 2070:Treaty of Nanking 1953:Rush–Bagot Treaty 1716:French Revolution 1697:French Revolution 1652:Mississippi River 1593:Thirteen Colonies 1442:Treaty of Utrecht 1422:landslide victory 1340:the Old Pretender 1221:War of Devolution 1169:English Civil War 1155:Thirty Years' War 1025:Treaty of Nonsuch 995:Sir William Cecil 850:Wars of the Roses 831: 830: 166:English Civil War 96:Sub-Roman Britain 9523: 9496:Overseas empires 9346:Williams, Paul. 9329:Northedge, F.S. 9313: 9281:Dumbrell, John. 9271:(Palgrave, 2011) 9253:Campbell, John. 9229:Woodward, E. L. 9215:Weigall, David. 9176: 9148:Somervell, D.C. 9124:Sanders, David. 9085:Otte, Thomas G. 9078:Neilson, Keith. 9061:Medlicott, W.N. 8995:(1981). 416 pp. 8931:Gilmour, David. 8921:Feiling, Keith. 8918:(2000), textbook 8812:Bartlett, C. J. 8764:Murdoch, Steve. 8712:Feiling, Keith. 8661:Beem, Charles. 8643: 8480: 8479: 8467: 8461: 8460: 8456:Evening Standard 8446: 8440: 8439: 8428: 8422: 8421: 8408: 8402: 8401: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8370: 8364: 8363: 8352: 8346: 8345: 8343: 8341: 8326: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8274: 8268: 8261: 8255: 8254: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8214: 8204: 8198: 8193:John Flowerdew, 8191: 8185: 8184: 8164: 8158: 8151: 8145: 8138: 8132: 8122: 8116: 8111:Sean Greenwood, 8109: 8103: 8102: 8091: 8085: 8078: 8072: 8065: 8059: 8052: 8046: 8045: 8025: 8019: 8018: 7998: 7992: 7985: 7979: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7942: 7936: 7935: 7915: 7909: 7902: 7896: 7889: 7883: 7876: 7870: 7863: 7857: 7850: 7844: 7837: 7831: 7830:(2001) pp 403–58 7824: 7818: 7811: 7805: 7798: 7792: 7785: 7779: 7772: 7766: 7765: 7742: 7736: 7729: 7723: 7713: 7707: 7706: 7686: 7680: 7673:Elisabeth Barker 7670: 7664: 7657: 7651: 7644: 7638: 7631: 7625: 7620:Adrian Stewart, 7618: 7612: 7602: 7596: 7586: 7580: 7575:Alan P. Dobson, 7573: 7567: 7557: 7551: 7544: 7538: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7504: 7498: 7491: 7485: 7478: 7472: 7465: 7459: 7452: 7446: 7443: 7437: 7427: 7421: 7414: 7408: 7401: 7395: 7388: 7382: 7375: 7369: 7362: 7356: 7346: 7340: 7330: 7324: 7317: 7311: 7304: 7298: 7288: 7282: 7275: 7269: 7262: 7256: 7249: 7243: 7236: 7230: 7229: 7209: 7203: 7198:David Reynolds, 7196: 7190: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7160: 7150: 7144: 7137: 7131: 7124: 7118: 7111: 7105: 7098: 7092: 7085: 7079: 7070:D.C. Somervell, 7068: 7062: 7055: 7049: 7039: 7033: 7026: 7020: 7013: 7007: 6997: 6991: 6984: 6978: 6977:(1968) pp 50–53. 6971: 6965: 6958: 6952: 6945: 6939: 6932: 6926: 6925:(1968) pp 18–22. 6919: 6913: 6906: 6900: 6889: 6883: 6878:W.N. Medlicott, 6876: 6870: 6869: 6849: 6843: 6836: 6830: 6823: 6817: 6810: 6804: 6797: 6791: 6784: 6778: 6768: 6762: 6752: 6746: 6739: 6733: 6725:L. Ethan Ellis, 6723: 6717: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6683: 6677: 6670: 6664: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6629: 6623: 6613: 6607: 6597: 6591: 6584: 6578: 6571: 6565: 6558: 6552: 6545: 6539: 6532: 6526: 6525: 6505: 6499: 6498: 6478: 6472: 6462: 6456: 6451:Peter Padfield, 6449: 6443: 6436: 6430: 6424: 6418: 6412: 6406: 6396: 6390: 6383: 6377: 6370: 6364: 6357: 6351: 6344: 6338: 6333:Thomas G. Otte, 6331: 6325: 6318: 6312: 6302: 6296: 6291:Martin W. Daly, 6289: 6283: 6277:Victorian Review 6273: 6267: 6257: 6251: 6244: 6238: 6231: 6225: 6215: 6209: 6202: 6196: 6189: 6183: 6173: 6167: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6130: 6124: 6117: 6111: 6106:Andrew Roberts, 6104: 6098: 6088: 6082: 6075: 6069: 6062: 6056: 6049: 6043: 6033: 6027: 6020: 6014: 6013: 5993: 5987: 5980: 5974: 5967: 5961: 5954: 5948: 5941: 5935: 5928: 5922: 5912: 5906: 5899: 5893: 5886: 5880: 5873: 5867: 5860: 5854: 5850:(1998): 154-168 5844: 5838: 5831: 5825: 5818: 5812: 5805: 5799: 5792: 5786: 5779: 5773: 5766: 5760: 5753: 5747: 5740: 5734: 5727: 5721: 5711: 5705: 5698: 5692: 5682: 5676: 5666: 5660: 5653: 5647: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5610: 5604: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5570: 5564: 5557: 5551: 5541: 5535: 5526:full text online 5518: 5512: 5505: 5499: 5496:Wellington's War 5492: 5486: 5475: 5469: 5462: 5456: 5449: 5443: 5436: 5430: 5423: 5417: 5410: 5404: 5397: 5391: 5384: 5378: 5371: 5365: 5358: 5352: 5342: 5336: 5329: 5323: 5316: 5310: 5303: 5297: 5290: 5284: 5274: 5268: 5261: 5255: 5245: 5239: 5232: 5226: 5219: 5213: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5179: 5173: 5166: 5160: 5153: 5147: 5140: 5134: 5127: 5121: 5114: 5108: 5101: 5095: 5088: 5082: 5075: 5069: 5062: 5056: 5049: 5043: 5035:Hilaire Belloc, 5033: 5027: 5020: 5014: 5006:Arthur Parnell. 5004: 4998: 4991: 4985: 4978: 4972: 4965: 4959: 4952: 4946: 4939: 4933: 4926: 4920: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4896: 4890: 4880: 4874: 4867: 4861: 4854: 4848: 4838: 4832: 4825: 4819: 4812: 4806: 4799: 4793: 4786: 4780: 4773: 4767: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4733: 4727: 4720: 4714: 4707: 4701: 4691: 4685: 4678: 4672: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4638: 4632: 4625: 4619: 4612: 4606: 4599: 4593: 4583: 4577: 4570: 4564: 4557: 4551: 4544: 4538: 4531: 4525: 4515: 4509: 4502: 4496: 4489: 4483: 4476: 4460: 4445: 3906:with Australia, 3876:"wind of change" 3872:Harold Macmillan 3637:urgently needed. 3603:Oder-Neisse line 3574:Atlantic Charter 3500:Munich Agreement 3443:Francisco Franco 3415:Hoare–Laval Pact 3404:Election of 1935 3387:Benito Mussolini 3379:Ramsay MacDonald 3322:Arthur Henderson 3294:Locarno Treaties 3280:Ramsay MacDonald 3260:Ramsay MacDonald 3253:Treaty of Sèvres 3216:Genoa conference 3054:Treaty of London 2896:entente cordiale 2867:Entente cordiale 2693:Fashoda Incident 2573:Venezuela Crisis 2464:Panjdeh incident 2384:Treaty of Berlin 2338:Fashoda Incident 2166:Second Opium War 2035:Treaty of London 1939:Eastern Question 1801:Fourth Coalition 1674:Governor-General 1666:Pitt's India Act 1614:Treaty of Allies 1578:Seven Years' War 1548:1746: 16 April: 1440:11, April 1713: 1418:General election 1132:Amboyna massacre 1100:Protestant Union 1098:, leader of the 1071:Treaty of London 952:Pope Clement VII 869:Hanseatic League 823: 816: 809: 795: 794: 793: 504:Northamptonshire 225:Second World War 130:Late Middle Ages 113:High Middle Ages 60: 50: 32: 31: 9531: 9530: 9526: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9521: 9520: 9461: 9460: 9357: 9355:Primary sources 9310: 9257:(Pimlico, 2003) 9243: 9196:Ward A.W., ed. 9186:Ward A.W., ed. 9173: 9103:Pribram, A.F. 9047:Mahajan, Sneh. 8897:Doerr, Paul W. 8854:Wayback Machine 8792: 8771:Ward A.W., ed. 8706:(2nd ed 1996). 8675:Black, Jeremy. 8668:Black, Jeremy. 8658: 8640: 8597:Black, Jeremy. 8594: 8583:Taylor, A.J.P. 8576:Steiner, Zara. 8569:Steiner, Zara. 8510:Kennedy, Paul. 8503:Black, Jeremy. 8493: 8488: 8483: 8468: 8464: 8447: 8443: 8430: 8429: 8425: 8417:Financial Times 8410: 8409: 8405: 8397:National Review 8390: 8389: 8385: 8380:. 19 July 2019. 8372: 8371: 8367: 8354: 8353: 8349: 8339: 8337: 8328: 8327: 8323: 8313: 8311: 8302: 8301: 8297: 8287: 8285: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8262: 8258: 8251: 8233: 8229: 8221: 8217: 8205: 8201: 8192: 8188: 8181: 8165: 8161: 8152: 8148: 8139: 8135: 8123: 8119: 8110: 8106: 8092: 8088: 8079: 8075: 8066: 8062: 8053: 8049: 8042: 8026: 8022: 8015: 7999: 7995: 7986: 7982: 7970: 7966: 7959: 7943: 7939: 7932: 7916: 7912: 7904:Anthony Short, 7903: 7899: 7890: 7886: 7877: 7873: 7865:Heinz Richter, 7864: 7860: 7851: 7847: 7838: 7834: 7825: 7821: 7812: 7808: 7799: 7795: 7789:History Compass 7786: 7782: 7773: 7769: 7762: 7743: 7739: 7730: 7726: 7714: 7710: 7703: 7687: 7683: 7671: 7667: 7658: 7654: 7645: 7641: 7632: 7628: 7619: 7615: 7603: 7599: 7587: 7583: 7574: 7570: 7558: 7554: 7545: 7541: 7532: 7528: 7521: 7505: 7501: 7492: 7488: 7479: 7475: 7466: 7462: 7453: 7449: 7444: 7440: 7428: 7424: 7420:(Praeger, 2001) 7415: 7411: 7403:Paul W. Doerr, 7402: 7398: 7389: 7385: 7376: 7372: 7363: 7359: 7347: 7343: 7331: 7327: 7318: 7314: 7305: 7301: 7289: 7285: 7276: 7272: 7263: 7259: 7250: 7246: 7237: 7233: 7226: 7210: 7206: 7197: 7193: 7184: 7180: 7173: 7151: 7147: 7138: 7134: 7125: 7121: 7112: 7108: 7099: 7095: 7086: 7082: 7069: 7065: 7056: 7052: 7040: 7036: 7028:David Weigall, 7027: 7023: 7014: 7010: 7001:Foreign Affairs 6998: 6994: 6985: 6981: 6972: 6968: 6959: 6955: 6946: 6942: 6933: 6929: 6920: 6916: 6912:(1968) pp 14–17 6907: 6903: 6897:History Compass 6890: 6886: 6882:(1968) pp 18–31 6877: 6873: 6866: 6850: 6846: 6837: 6833: 6824: 6820: 6811: 6807: 6798: 6794: 6785: 6781: 6769: 6765: 6753: 6749: 6740: 6736: 6724: 6720: 6711: 6707: 6700: 6692:. p. 236. 6684: 6680: 6671: 6667: 6655: 6651: 6643: 6639: 6630: 6626: 6614: 6610: 6598: 6594: 6585: 6581: 6572: 6568: 6560:P. J. V. Rolo, 6559: 6555: 6546: 6542: 6533: 6529: 6522: 6506: 6502: 6495: 6479: 6475: 6463: 6459: 6450: 6446: 6437: 6433: 6425: 6421: 6413: 6409: 6397: 6393: 6384: 6380: 6371: 6367: 6358: 6354: 6345: 6341: 6332: 6328: 6319: 6315: 6303: 6299: 6290: 6286: 6274: 6270: 6258: 6254: 6245: 6241: 6232: 6228: 6216: 6212: 6208:(1999) ch 37–38 6203: 6199: 6190: 6186: 6174: 6170: 6158: 6154: 6147: 6131: 6127: 6118: 6114: 6105: 6101: 6089: 6085: 6076: 6072: 6066:Cromer in Egypt 6063: 6059: 6050: 6046: 6034: 6030: 6021: 6017: 6010: 5994: 5990: 5981: 5977: 5968: 5964: 5955: 5951: 5942: 5938: 5929: 5925: 5913: 5909: 5900: 5896: 5892:(1936) pp 8–16. 5887: 5883: 5874: 5870: 5861: 5857: 5845: 5841: 5832: 5828: 5819: 5815: 5806: 5802: 5794:D.E.D. Beales, 5793: 5789: 5780: 5776: 5767: 5763: 5755:Immanuel Hsu, 5754: 5750: 5742:Orlando Figes, 5741: 5737: 5728: 5724: 5712: 5708: 5699: 5695: 5683: 5679: 5667: 5663: 5654: 5650: 5638: 5634: 5627: 5611: 5607: 5598: 5594: 5587: 5571: 5567: 5558: 5554: 5542: 5538: 5533:Wayback Machine 5519: 5515: 5506: 5502: 5493: 5489: 5476: 5472: 5463: 5459: 5450: 5446: 5437: 5433: 5424: 5420: 5411: 5407: 5398: 5394: 5385: 5381: 5372: 5368: 5359: 5355: 5343: 5339: 5330: 5326: 5318:Fred Anderson, 5317: 5313: 5304: 5300: 5296:(Penguin, 2006) 5292:Fred Anderson, 5291: 5287: 5275: 5271: 5263:M.S. Anderson, 5262: 5258: 5246: 5242: 5233: 5229: 5225:(Helion, 2019). 5220: 5216: 5207: 5203: 5196: 5180: 5176: 5167: 5163: 5154: 5150: 5141: 5137: 5128: 5124: 5115: 5111: 5102: 5098: 5089: 5085: 5076: 5072: 5063: 5059: 5050: 5046: 5034: 5030: 5021: 5017: 5005: 5001: 4992: 4988: 4979: 4975: 4966: 4962: 4953: 4949: 4940: 4936: 4927: 4923: 4914: 4910: 4897: 4893: 4881: 4877: 4868: 4864: 4855: 4851: 4839: 4835: 4826: 4822: 4813: 4809: 4800: 4796: 4787: 4783: 4774: 4770: 4761: 4757: 4750: 4734: 4730: 4721: 4717: 4708: 4704: 4692: 4688: 4679: 4675: 4666: 4662: 4655: 4639: 4635: 4626: 4622: 4613: 4609: 4600: 4596: 4584: 4580: 4574:History Matters 4571: 4567: 4558: 4554: 4545: 4541: 4532: 4528: 4517:Charles Beem, 4516: 4512: 4503: 4499: 4490: 4486: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4463: 4455:, and the 2003 4446: 4442: 4437: 4200: 4175:Lord Palmerston 4146: 4030:Black Wednesday 4006: 3733:Berlin Blockade 3719:Greek Civil War 3709:UKUSA Agreement 3675: 3669: 3646:Morgenthau Plan 3622:1943: August - 3610:A. J. P. Taylor 3472:Lázaro Cárdenas 3408:Stanley Baldwin 3362: 3352: 3284:Édouard Herriot 3264:Édouard Herriot 3156:introduces the 3142: 3136: 3102:Prime Minister 3083:Fourteen Points 3015:Richard Haldane 3011:Haldane Mission 2975:Fourth Navy Law 2968:Triple Alliance 2944:Triple Alliance 2776:Second Navy Law 2769:Boxer Rebellion 2746:Second Boer War 2635: 2629: 2620:Royal Sovereign 2607:Kruger telegram 2511:, eighteen new 2498:Triple Alliance 2305:Edward Cardwell 2213: 2203: 2131:subjugates the 2125:Second Sikh war 2074:First Opium War 2059:Oriental Crisis 2020:Lord Palmerston 1968:Monroe Doctrine 1926:Congress system 1909: 1899: 1879:Napoleonic Wars 1868:Treaty of Ghent 1786:Third Coalition 1768:Napoleonic Wars 1761:Peace of Amiens 1701:Reign of Terror 1695:1789–1815: The 1692: 1682:as minister to 1644:Treaty of Paris 1482:Duke of Orleans 1459:; start of the 1410:Pyrrhic victory 1383:Treaty of Union 1318: 1274:flees; becomes 1251:Treaty of Dover 1243:Triple Alliance 1236:Treaty of Breda 1125:Tokugawa Ieyasu 1110:Muscovy Company 1053: 836: 827: 791: 789: 784: 783: 609: 607:By city or town 599: 598: 544:South Yorkshire 519:Nottinghamshire 514:North Yorkshire 434:Gloucestershire 374:Buckinghamshire 369:City of Bristol 354: 344: 343: 324: 316: 315: 271:English society 261: 253: 252: 251: 230:Postwar Britain 220:Interwar period 215:First World War 149:Elizabethan era 118:Norman Conquest 86:Medieval period 70: 48: 41: 27: 12: 11: 5: 9529: 9519: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9459: 9458: 9435: 9431:(1938), 612pp 9425: 9415: 9408: 9401: 9391: 9384: 9383: 9382: 9368: 9356: 9353: 9352: 9351: 9344: 9337: 9327: 9321: 9314: 9308: 9293: 9286: 9279: 9274:Dickie, John. 9272: 9265: 9258: 9251: 9242: 9239: 9238: 9237: 9227: 9220: 9213: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9184: 9177: 9171: 9156: 9146: 9139: 9129: 9122: 9115: 9108: 9101: 9090: 9083: 9076: 9069: 9059: 9052: 9045: 9038: 9023: 9016: 9009: 8996: 8986: 8979: 8972: 8965: 8958: 8947: 8940: 8929: 8919: 8912: 8902: 8895: 8890:Dixon, Peter. 8888: 8881: 8872:Dilks, David. 8870: 8869:(2nd ed. 1993) 8863: 8858:Brown, Peter. 8856: 8835: 8824: 8817: 8810: 8803: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8786: 8781:Wernham, R.B. 8779: 8769: 8762: 8755: 8748: 8741: 8736:Howat, G.M.D. 8734: 8727: 8720: 8710: 8702:Doran, Susan. 8700: 8693: 8691:online edition 8683: 8681:online edition 8673: 8666: 8657: 8654: 8653: 8652: 8645: 8638: 8623: 8616: 8609: 8602: 8593: 8590: 8589: 8588: 8581: 8574: 8567: 8560: 8550: 8543: 8536: 8529: 8522: 8515: 8508: 8501: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8481: 8462: 8441: 8423: 8420:. 11 May 2022. 8403: 8400:. 11 May 2022. 8383: 8365: 8347: 8321: 8295: 8269: 8263:Jack Holland, 8256: 8249: 8227: 8215: 8199: 8186: 8179: 8159: 8146: 8133: 8117: 8104: 8086: 8073: 8060: 8047: 8041:978-0813172514 8040: 8020: 8013: 7993: 7987:Peter Gaston, 7980: 7964: 7957: 7937: 7930: 7910: 7897: 7884: 7871: 7858: 7845: 7832: 7819: 7806: 7793: 7780: 7767: 7760: 7746:Iván T. Berend 7737: 7731:Klaus Larres, 7724: 7708: 7701: 7681: 7665: 7652: 7639: 7626: 7613: 7597: 7581: 7568: 7552: 7539: 7526: 7519: 7499: 7486: 7473: 7460: 7447: 7438: 7422: 7409: 7396: 7383: 7377:Zara Steiner, 7370: 7357: 7341: 7325: 7312: 7299: 7283: 7270: 7257: 7244: 7231: 7224: 7204: 7191: 7178: 7171: 7145: 7132: 7119: 7106: 7093: 7080: 7063: 7050: 7034: 7021: 7008: 6992: 6979: 6966: 6953: 6940: 6927: 6914: 6901: 6884: 6871: 6865:978-0253003560 6864: 6844: 6831: 6818: 6805: 6792: 6779: 6763: 6747: 6734: 6718: 6705: 6698: 6678: 6665: 6649: 6637: 6624: 6608: 6592: 6579: 6566: 6553: 6540: 6527: 6520: 6500: 6493: 6473: 6457: 6444: 6438:G.R. Searle, 6431: 6419: 6407: 6391: 6378: 6365: 6352: 6339: 6326: 6313: 6297: 6284: 6268: 6252: 6239: 6226: 6210: 6197: 6184: 6168: 6152: 6145: 6125: 6112: 6099: 6083: 6070: 6064:John Marlowe, 6057: 6044: 6028: 6015: 6008: 5988: 5975: 5962: 5949: 5936: 5923: 5907: 5894: 5881: 5879:(1936) pp 4–6. 5868: 5855: 5839: 5826: 5813: 5807:Howard Jones, 5800: 5787: 5781:Britten Dean, 5774: 5761: 5748: 5735: 5722: 5714:Bernard Semmel 5706: 5693: 5677: 5661: 5648: 5632: 5625: 5605: 5592: 5585: 5565: 5552: 5543:Jeremy Black, 5536: 5513: 5500: 5487: 5470: 5457: 5444: 5431: 5418: 5405: 5392: 5379: 5366: 5353: 5337: 5324: 5311: 5298: 5285: 5269: 5256: 5240: 5234:Jeremy Black, 5227: 5214: 5208:Jeremy Black, 5201: 5194: 5174: 5161: 5148: 5135: 5122: 5109: 5096: 5083: 5070: 5057: 5044: 5028: 5015: 4999: 4986: 4973: 4960: 4947: 4934: 4921: 4908: 4891: 4875: 4862: 4849: 4833: 4820: 4807: 4794: 4788:R. M. Hatton, 4781: 4768: 4755: 4748: 4728: 4715: 4702: 4686: 4673: 4660: 4653: 4633: 4627:G.M.D. Howat, 4620: 4607: 4594: 4578: 4565: 4552: 4539: 4526: 4510: 4497: 4484: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4245: 4244: 4239: 4228: 4227: 4226: 4219:British Empire 4216: 4211: 4206: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4184: 4181:Lord Salisbury 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4133: 4122: 4107: 4100: 4097: 4086: 4075: 4068: 4065:deal with Iran 4053: 4050: 4047: 4040: 4037: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4013: 4010: 4005: 4002: 4001: 4000: 3997:Salman Rushdie 3985: 3982:Hindawi affair 3978: 3975: 3968: 3961: 3954: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3925: 3915: 3900: 3893: 3886: 3879: 3868: 3861: 3854: 3847: 3843: 3832: 3825: 3818: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3791: 3780: 3773: 3770: 3763: 3760: 3746: 3743: 3736: 3729: 3722: 3715: 3712: 3705: 3701: 3694: 3687: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3656: 3649: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3620: 3613: 3606: 3594: 3591: 3588:Arctic convoys 3584: 3577: 3570: 3555: 3547: 3544: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3496: 3489: 3482: 3475: 3464: 3446: 3434: 3427: 3411: 3400: 3397: 3390: 3371: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3325: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3305: 3298: 3290: 3287: 3272: 3256: 3245: 3233: 3229: 3222: 3219: 3212: 3205: 3186: 3175: 3168: 3161: 3150: 3135: 3132: 3123: 3122: 3115: 3096: 3093: 3086: 3079: 3072: 3064: 3057: 3050: 3040: 3033: 3030: 3019: 3007: 3004:Fifth Navy Law 3000: 2993: 2981: 2978: 2971: 2964:Triple Entente 2960: 2957:The Great Game 2936: 2935: 2932:Third Navy Law 2928: 2914: 2906: 2899: 2888: 2881: 2878: 2875:Lord Lansdowne 2863: 2856: 2845: 2838: 2831: 2810: 2809: 2796:1902: Lenient 2794: 2779: 2772: 2761: 2753: 2742: 2735: 2714: 2711: 2704: 2689: 2686: 2679: 2672:First Navy Law 2668: 2651: 2638:1897: Admiral 2628: 2625: 2612: 2611: 2603:Kaiser Wilhelm 2599: 2584: 2576: 2556: 2555: 2548: 2535: 2528: 2520: 2501: 2493: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2482: 2475: 2474: 2471:Lord Salisbury 2467: 2460: 2453: 2446: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2416:First Boer War 2412: 2405: 2402:Anglo-Zulu War 2398: 2391: 2380: 2377: 2366: 2359: 2348: 2341: 2334: 2327: 2319: 2308: 2301: 2298:Alabama Claims 2290: 2286: 2281:1868 to 1881: 2279: 2268: 2253: 2246: 2239: 2228: 2225: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2186: 2179: 2176: 2169: 2162: 2154: 2139: 2135:, and annexes 2121: 2114: 2107: 2100: 2085: 2066: 2055: 2049: 2042: 2031: 2024: 2016: 2009: 2002: 1991:Ottoman Empire 1982: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1972: 1971: 1964:George Canning 1960: 1949: 1942: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1893: 1886: 1871: 1864: 1857: 1850: 1843: 1836: 1829:Ionian Islands 1825: 1819:Peninsular War 1815: 1808: 1797: 1790: 1781: 1778: 1771: 1764: 1757: 1750: 1747: 1736: 1732: 1725: 1719: 1712: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1676: 1662: 1655: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631:Russian Empire 1627: 1624: 1617: 1610: 1603: 1596: 1585: 1574: 1567: 1560: 1553: 1546: 1539: 1528: 1520: 1517:Robert Walpole 1513: 1510: 1503: 1492: 1491:against Spain. 1485: 1474: 1472:Robert Walpole 1464: 1453: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1414: 1402: 1394: 1390: 1379: 1364: 1357: 1354: 1343: 1331: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1301: 1294: 1287: 1268: 1261: 1254: 1247: 1239: 1232: 1217: 1209: 1202: 1194: 1191: 1185: 1179: 1165: 1158: 1143: 1139: 1128: 1113: 1106: 1103: 1075: 1074: 1067: 1060: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1044:Spanish Armada 1040: 1028: 1021: 1018:Levant Company 1014: 1007: 984: 977: 968: 961: 955: 948: 945: 938: 935: 928: 917: 906: 899: 890: 887:Margaret Tudor 879: 876: 865: 835: 832: 829: 828: 826: 825: 818: 811: 803: 800: 799: 786: 785: 782: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 610: 605: 604: 601: 600: 597: 596: 594:Worcestershire 591: 586: 584:West Yorkshire 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 509:Northumberland 506: 501: 496: 491: 489:City of London 486: 481: 479:Leicestershire 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 439:Greater London 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 379:Cambridgeshire 376: 371: 366: 361: 355: 350: 349: 346: 345: 342: 341: 339:United Kingdom 336: 331: 325: 322: 321: 318: 317: 314: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 262: 259: 258: 255: 254: 250: 249: 244: 239: 238: 237: 235:Social history 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 201: 200: 190: 189: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 158: 157: 156: 151: 141: 140: 139: 138: 137: 127: 126: 125: 120: 110: 109: 108: 98: 93: 83: 78: 72: 71: 66: 65: 62: 61: 53: 52: 43: 42: 35: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9528: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9468: 9466: 9456: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9441:(4 vol 1972) 9440: 9436: 9434: 9430: 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8924: 8920: 8917: 8914:Farmer Alan. 8913: 8911: 8907: 8903: 8900: 8896: 8893: 8889: 8886: 8882: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8868: 8864: 8861: 8857: 8855: 8851: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8822: 8818: 8815: 8811: 8808: 8804: 8802: 8798: 8794: 8793: 8784: 8780: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8767: 8763: 8760: 8756: 8753: 8749: 8746: 8743:Jones, J. R. 8742: 8739: 8735: 8732: 8728: 8725: 8721: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8709: 8705: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8671: 8667: 8664: 8660: 8659: 8650: 8646: 8641: 8639:9780810873711 8635: 8631: 8630: 8624: 8621: 8617: 8614: 8610: 8607: 8603: 8600: 8596: 8595: 8586: 8582: 8579: 8575: 8572: 8568: 8565: 8561: 8559: 8555: 8552:Mowat, R. B. 8551: 8548: 8544: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8530: 8527: 8523: 8520: 8516: 8513: 8509: 8506: 8502: 8499: 8495: 8494: 8477: 8473: 8466: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8445: 8437: 8433: 8427: 8419: 8418: 8413: 8407: 8399: 8398: 8393: 8387: 8379: 8375: 8369: 8361: 8357: 8351: 8335: 8331: 8325: 8309: 8305: 8299: 8283: 8279: 8273: 8266: 8260: 8252: 8250:9781317173762 8246: 8243:. Routledge. 8242: 8238: 8231: 8225: 8219: 8213: 8209: 8203: 8196: 8190: 8182: 8180:9781317445166 8176: 8172: 8171: 8163: 8156: 8150: 8143: 8137: 8131: 8127: 8121: 8114: 8108: 8100: 8099: 8093:For text see 8090: 8083: 8077: 8070: 8064: 8057: 8051: 8043: 8037: 8033: 8032: 8024: 8016: 8014:9780521837194 8010: 8006: 8005: 7997: 7990: 7984: 7978: 7974: 7968: 7960: 7958:9780674006584 7954: 7950: 7949: 7941: 7933: 7931:9780873384711 7927: 7923: 7922: 7914: 7907: 7901: 7894: 7888: 7881: 7875: 7868: 7862: 7855: 7849: 7842: 7836: 7829: 7823: 7816: 7810: 7803: 7797: 7790: 7784: 7777: 7771: 7763: 7761:9780521663526 7757: 7753: 7752: 7747: 7741: 7734: 7728: 7722: 7718: 7712: 7704: 7702:9781596917422 7698: 7694: 7693: 7685: 7679:(1979) p 202. 7678: 7674: 7669: 7662: 7656: 7649: 7643: 7636: 7630: 7623: 7617: 7611: 7607: 7601: 7595: 7591: 7585: 7578: 7572: 7566: 7562: 7556: 7549: 7543: 7536: 7530: 7522: 7520:9780415163248 7516: 7512: 7511: 7503: 7496: 7490: 7483: 7477: 7470: 7464: 7457: 7454:David Faber, 7451: 7442: 7436: 7432: 7426: 7419: 7413: 7406: 7400: 7393: 7392:History Today 7387: 7380: 7374: 7367: 7361: 7355: 7351: 7345: 7339: 7335: 7329: 7322: 7316: 7309: 7303: 7297: 7293: 7287: 7280: 7274: 7267: 7261: 7254: 7248: 7241: 7235: 7227: 7225:9780754665939 7221: 7217: 7216: 7208: 7201: 7195: 7188: 7182: 7174: 7172:9780333100158 7168: 7164: 7159: 7158: 7149: 7142: 7136: 7129: 7123: 7116: 7110: 7103: 7097: 7090: 7084: 7077: 7073: 7067: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7031: 7025: 7018: 7012: 7006: 7002: 6996: 6989: 6983: 6976: 6970: 6963: 6957: 6950: 6944: 6937: 6931: 6924: 6918: 6911: 6905: 6898: 6894: 6888: 6881: 6875: 6867: 6861: 6857: 6856: 6848: 6841: 6835: 6828: 6822: 6815: 6809: 6802: 6796: 6789: 6783: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6757: 6751: 6744: 6738: 6732: 6728: 6722: 6715: 6709: 6701: 6699:9780199261505 6695: 6691: 6690: 6682: 6675: 6669: 6663: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6634: 6628: 6622: 6618: 6612: 6606: 6602: 6596: 6589: 6583: 6576: 6570: 6563: 6557: 6550: 6544: 6537: 6531: 6523: 6521:9780230299702 6517: 6513: 6512: 6504: 6496: 6494:9781317400400 6490: 6486: 6485: 6477: 6471: 6467: 6461: 6454: 6448: 6441: 6435: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6411: 6405: 6401: 6395: 6388: 6385:W.L. Langer, 6382: 6375: 6369: 6362: 6356: 6349: 6343: 6336: 6330: 6323: 6317: 6311: 6307: 6301: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6266: 6262: 6256: 6249: 6243: 6236: 6230: 6224: 6220: 6214: 6207: 6201: 6194: 6188: 6181: 6177: 6172: 6166: 6162: 6156: 6148: 6146:9780313262579 6142: 6138: 6137: 6129: 6122: 6116: 6109: 6103: 6097: 6093: 6087: 6081:(2003) 2:1154 6080: 6074: 6067: 6061: 6054: 6048: 6042: 6038: 6032: 6025: 6019: 6011: 6009:9781848853294 6005: 6001: 6000: 5992: 5985: 5979: 5972: 5966: 5959: 5953: 5946: 5940: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5917: 5911: 5904: 5898: 5891: 5885: 5878: 5872: 5865: 5864:History Today 5859: 5853: 5849: 5843: 5836: 5830: 5824:(2012) 47#1 . 5823: 5817: 5810: 5804: 5797: 5791: 5784: 5778: 5771: 5765: 5758: 5752: 5745: 5739: 5732: 5726: 5719: 5715: 5710: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5658: 5652: 5646: 5642: 5636: 5628: 5626:9780805076172 5622: 5618: 5617: 5609: 5602: 5599:David Brown, 5596: 5588: 5586:9781136244636 5582: 5578: 5577: 5569: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5523: 5517: 5510: 5504: 5497: 5491: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5467: 5461: 5454: 5451:Alan Palmer, 5448: 5441: 5435: 5428: 5422: 5415: 5409: 5402: 5396: 5389: 5383: 5376: 5370: 5363: 5357: 5351: 5347: 5341: 5334: 5328: 5321: 5315: 5308: 5302: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5279: 5273: 5266: 5260: 5254: 5250: 5244: 5237: 5231: 5224: 5218: 5211: 5205: 5197: 5195:9780802024954 5191: 5187: 5186: 5178: 5171: 5165: 5158: 5152: 5145: 5139: 5132: 5126: 5119: 5113: 5106: 5100: 5093: 5087: 5080: 5074: 5067: 5061: 5054: 5048: 5042: 5038: 5032: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5009: 5003: 4996: 4990: 4983: 4977: 4970: 4964: 4957: 4951: 4944: 4938: 4931: 4925: 4918: 4912: 4904: 4903: 4895: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4872: 4866: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4843: 4837: 4831:, p 35–36, 40 4830: 4824: 4817: 4811: 4804: 4798: 4791: 4785: 4778: 4772: 4765: 4759: 4751: 4749:9780415942461 4745: 4741: 4740: 4732: 4725: 4719: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4683: 4677: 4670: 4664: 4656: 4654:9780521793858 4650: 4646: 4645: 4637: 4630: 4624: 4617: 4616:History Today 4611: 4604: 4598: 4591: 4587: 4586:R. B. Wernham 4582: 4575: 4569: 4562: 4559:R.B. Mowat, 4556: 4549: 4543: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4507: 4501: 4494: 4488: 4481: 4475: 4471: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4440: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4243: 4240: 4238:, before 1707 4237: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4229: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4192: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4084: 4080: 4079:David Cameron 4076: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4007: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3969: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3951:House of Saud 3948: 3947: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3898: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3880: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3834:1956: In the 3833: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3811:Geneva summit 3808: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3789: 3785: 3784:Abadan Crisis 3781: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3751: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3734: 3731:1948–49: The 3730: 3727: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3685: 3681: 3678:1944–47: The 3677: 3676: 3674: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586:1941–45: The 3585: 3582: 3578: 3575: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3451: 3447: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3344: 3340: 3337: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3238: 3235:1923: France 3234: 3230: 3227: 3226:Chanak Crisis 3223: 3220: 3217: 3213: 3210: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3165:Leonid Krasin 3162: 3159: 3158:Ten Year Rule 3155: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3127: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3041: 3038: 3037:Western Front 3034: 3031: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2985:Agadir Crisis 2982: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2933: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2886: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2722:Alfred Milner 2719: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2621: 2616: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2553: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2513:torpedo boats 2510: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2395:Evelyn Baring 2392: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2346: 2345:Isma'il Pasha 2342: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2284: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2173:Indian Mutiny 2170: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2111:Oregon Treaty 2108: 2105: 2101: 2098: 2095:to take over 2094: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1891: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1536:Maria Theresa 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1515:1722–42: Sir 1514: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1420:results in a 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1381:1706–07: The 1380: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1341: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1328:Archduke Karl 1325: 1320: 1319: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1278:; called the 1277: 1273: 1272:King James II 1269: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1229:Franche-Comté 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1164:with Scotland 1163: 1162:Bishops' Wars 1159: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1059: 1058:Stuart period 1055: 1054: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1023:1585: By the 1022: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1008: 1005: 1000: 996: 992: 990: 985: 982: 978: 975: 974: 969: 966: 962: 960: 956: 953: 949: 946: 943: 939: 936: 933: 929: 926: 922: 918: 915: 911: 907: 904: 900: 897: 896: 891: 888: 884: 880: 877: 874: 870: 866: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 846:Tudor dynasty 843: 842: 838: 837: 824: 819: 817: 812: 810: 805: 804: 802: 801: 798: 788: 787: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 694:Milton Keynes 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 611: 608: 603: 602: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 574:West Midlands 572: 570: 567: 565: 564:Tyne and Wear 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 549:Staffordshire 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 464:Isle of Wight 462: 460: 459:Hertfordshire 457: 455: 454:Herefordshire 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 356: 353: 348: 347: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 326: 320: 319: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 263: 257: 256: 248: 245: 243: 240: 236: 233: 232: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 210:Edwardian era 208: 206: 205:Victorian era 203: 199: 196: 195: 194: 191: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 163: 162: 161:Stuart period 159: 155: 152: 150: 147: 146: 145: 142: 136: 133: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123:Norman period 121: 119: 116: 115: 114: 111: 107: 104: 103: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 88: 87: 84: 82: 81:Roman Britain 79: 77: 74: 73: 69: 64: 63: 59: 55: 54: 51: 45: 44: 39: 34: 33: 30: 25: 21: 16: 9447:vol 2 online 9443:vol 1 online 9438: 9428: 9418: 9411: 9404: 9394: 9387: 9371: 9361: 9347: 9340: 9330: 9317: 9298: 9289: 9282: 9275: 9268: 9261: 9254: 9247: 9230: 9223: 9216: 9209: 9197: 9187: 9180: 9161: 9149: 9142: 9132: 9125: 9118: 9111: 9104: 9093: 9086: 9079: 9072: 9062: 9055: 9048: 9041: 9040:Lowe, John. 9034: 9030: 9026: 9019: 9012: 9002: 8992: 8982: 8975: 8968: 8961: 8950: 8949:Gooch, G.P. 8943: 8932: 8922: 8915: 8905: 8898: 8891: 8884: 8877: 8873: 8866: 8859: 8847:another copy 8838: 8827: 8820: 8813: 8806: 8796: 8782: 8772: 8765: 8758: 8751: 8744: 8737: 8730: 8723: 8713: 8703: 8696: 8686: 8676: 8669: 8662: 8648: 8628: 8619: 8612: 8605: 8598: 8584: 8577: 8570: 8563: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8532: 8525: 8518: 8511: 8504: 8497: 8486:Bibliography 8475: 8465: 8454: 8444: 8435: 8426: 8415: 8406: 8395: 8386: 8377: 8368: 8359: 8350: 8338:. Retrieved 8333: 8324: 8312:. Retrieved 8308:The Guardian 8307: 8298: 8286:. Retrieved 8281: 8272: 8264: 8259: 8240: 8230: 8218: 8207: 8202: 8194: 8189: 8169: 8162: 8154: 8149: 8141: 8136: 8125: 8120: 8112: 8107: 8097: 8089: 8081: 8076: 8068: 8063: 8055: 8050: 8030: 8023: 8003: 7996: 7988: 7983: 7972: 7967: 7947: 7940: 7920: 7913: 7905: 7900: 7892: 7887: 7879: 7874: 7866: 7861: 7853: 7848: 7840: 7835: 7827: 7822: 7814: 7809: 7801: 7796: 7788: 7783: 7775: 7770: 7750: 7740: 7732: 7727: 7716: 7711: 7691: 7684: 7676: 7668: 7660: 7655: 7647: 7642: 7637:(1965) p 564 7634: 7629: 7621: 7616: 7605: 7600: 7589: 7584: 7576: 7571: 7560: 7555: 7547: 7542: 7534: 7529: 7509: 7502: 7494: 7489: 7481: 7476: 7468: 7463: 7455: 7450: 7441: 7430: 7425: 7417: 7412: 7404: 7399: 7391: 7386: 7378: 7373: 7365: 7360: 7349: 7344: 7333: 7328: 7320: 7315: 7307: 7302: 7291: 7286: 7278: 7273: 7265: 7260: 7252: 7247: 7239: 7234: 7214: 7207: 7199: 7194: 7186: 7181: 7156: 7148: 7140: 7135: 7127: 7122: 7114: 7109: 7101: 7096: 7088: 7083: 7071: 7066: 7058: 7053: 7042: 7037: 7029: 7024: 7016: 7011: 7000: 6995: 6987: 6982: 6974: 6969: 6961: 6956: 6948: 6943: 6935: 6930: 6922: 6917: 6909: 6904: 6896: 6892: 6887: 6879: 6874: 6854: 6847: 6839: 6834: 6826: 6821: 6813: 6808: 6800: 6795: 6787: 6782: 6771: 6766: 6755: 6750: 6742: 6737: 6726: 6721: 6713: 6708: 6688: 6681: 6673: 6668: 6657: 6652: 6640: 6632: 6627: 6616: 6611: 6600: 6595: 6587: 6582: 6574: 6569: 6561: 6556: 6551:pages 52–54. 6548: 6543: 6535: 6530: 6510: 6503: 6483: 6476: 6465: 6460: 6452: 6447: 6439: 6434: 6422: 6410: 6399: 6394: 6386: 6381: 6373: 6368: 6360: 6355: 6347: 6342: 6337:(2007) p 199 6334: 6329: 6321: 6316: 6305: 6300: 6292: 6287: 6276: 6271: 6260: 6255: 6247: 6242: 6234: 6229: 6218: 6213: 6205: 6200: 6192: 6187: 6179: 6171: 6160: 6155: 6135: 6128: 6120: 6115: 6107: 6102: 6091: 6086: 6078: 6073: 6065: 6060: 6052: 6047: 6036: 6031: 6023: 6022:Roger Owen, 6018: 5998: 5991: 5983: 5978: 5973:(1962) ch 11 5970: 5965: 5957: 5952: 5944: 5939: 5931: 5926: 5915: 5910: 5902: 5897: 5889: 5884: 5876: 5871: 5863: 5858: 5847: 5842: 5834: 5829: 5821: 5816: 5808: 5803: 5795: 5790: 5782: 5777: 5769: 5764: 5756: 5751: 5743: 5738: 5730: 5725: 5717: 5709: 5701: 5696: 5685: 5680: 5669: 5664: 5656: 5651: 5640: 5635: 5615: 5608: 5600: 5595: 5575: 5568: 5560: 5555: 5544: 5539: 5521: 5516: 5508: 5503: 5495: 5490: 5478: 5473: 5465: 5460: 5452: 5447: 5439: 5434: 5426: 5421: 5413: 5408: 5400: 5395: 5387: 5382: 5374: 5369: 5361: 5356: 5345: 5340: 5332: 5327: 5319: 5314: 5306: 5301: 5293: 5288: 5277: 5272: 5264: 5259: 5248: 5243: 5235: 5230: 5222: 5217: 5209: 5204: 5184: 5177: 5169: 5164: 5156: 5151: 5143: 5138: 5130: 5125: 5117: 5112: 5104: 5099: 5091: 5086: 5078: 5073: 5065: 5060: 5052: 5047: 5036: 5031: 5023: 5018: 5007: 5002: 4994: 4989: 4981: 4976: 4968: 4963: 4955: 4950: 4942: 4937: 4929: 4924: 4916: 4911: 4901: 4894: 4883: 4878: 4870: 4865: 4857: 4852: 4841: 4836: 4828: 4823: 4815: 4810: 4802: 4797: 4789: 4784: 4776: 4775:T.P. Grady, 4771: 4763: 4758: 4738: 4731: 4723: 4718: 4710: 4705: 4694: 4689: 4681: 4676: 4668: 4663: 4643: 4636: 4628: 4623: 4615: 4610: 4602: 4597: 4589: 4581: 4573: 4568: 4560: 4555: 4547: 4542: 4534: 4529: 4518: 4513: 4505: 4500: 4492: 4487: 4479: 4474: 4443: 4266:, since 1707 4193:(1895–1903). 4147: 4063:implement a 3992: 3944: 3897:East of Suez 3829:Baghdad Pact 3815:Anthony Eden 3755: 3749: 3504:Nazi Germany 3455: 3424:Anthony Eden 3420:Samuel Hoare 3383:Pierre Laval 3375:Stresa Front 3367:Peace Ballot 3045: 3013:to Germany. 2923: 2895: 2791:Panama Canal 2730: 2675: 2664: 2658: 2647: 2643: 2619: 2596:Cecil Rhodes 2588:Jameson Raid 2563: 2544: 2539: 2525:Jameson Raid 2243:Trent Affair 2063:Muhammad Ali 1784: 1448:becomes the 1290: 1051:17th century 988: 971: 893: 839: 834:16th century 639:Christchurch 569:Warwickshire 484:Lincolnshire 359:Bedfordshire 193:Georgian era 176:Protectorate 171:Commonwealth 144:Tudor period 28: 15: 9481:Imperialism 9403:Lowe, C.J. 9399:online free 9374:(11 vol. ) 9316:Lane, Ann. 9154:online free 9018:Lowe, C.J. 8647:Otte, T.G. 8558:online free 8144:(1996) ch 1 8115:(1996) ch 6 7735:(2009) p. 9 7364:Medlicott, 7354:online free 7348:Somervell, 7306:Medlicott, 7277:Medlicott, 7076:online free 6973:Medlicott, 6921:Medlicott, 6908:Medlicott, 6359:Grenville, 6346:Grenville, 6176:Roy Douglas 6123:(2013) ch 2 6110:1999) p 628 5729:Htin Aung, 5455:(1974) p 86 5453:Alexander I 4928:Lynn, John 4605:(2000) p. 4 4214:Anglophobia 4083:Theresa May 3908:New Zealand 3836:Suez Crisis 3777:1936 treaty 3599:Curzon Line 3567:Axis powers 3508:appeasement 3493:Sudetenland 3268:Eric Phipps 3027:Edward Grey 3023:July Crisis 2924:Dreadnought 2918:Lord Fisher 2840:1903: King 2726:Paul Kruger 2697:South Sudan 2685:with China. 2660:Weltpolitik 2592:Paul Kruger 2457:Lord Cromer 2455:1883–1907: 2439:Ahmed Orabi 2168:with China. 2158:Crimean War 2133:Sikh Empire 1993:; the 1832 1957:Great Lakes 1914:Castlereagh 1863:(1814–1816) 1840:War of 1812 1740:Tipu Sultan 1721:1792–1799: 1659:West Indies 1378:in Bavaria. 1291:stadtholder 1276:William III 1196:1661: King 1171:begins see 1119:arrives at 1030:1585–1604: 989:Elizabeth I 986:1558–1603: 862:Plantagenet 749:Southampton 619:Bournemouth 579:West Sussex 524:Oxfordshire 424:East Sussex 198:Regency era 181:Restoration 47:History of 9465:Categories 9212:(2v. 1951) 7078:pp 442–50. 7032:1987 p. 93 5107:, p 69–70. 4958:, page 39. 4467:References 4090:oil tanker 4044:Tony Blair 4004:Since 1990 3840:Suez Canal 3767:Korean War 3691:Lend Lease 3615:1943: The 3579:1941: The 3551:Lend-Lease 3543:influence. 3365:1935: The 3242:Dawes Plan 3108:negotiator 3106:was a key 2842:Edward VII 2833:1902: The 2731:uitlanders 2665:status quo 2657:calls for 2650:"s favour. 2644:Riskflotte 2540:uitlanders 2462:1885: The 2452:is signed. 2316:Henry Dyer 2310:1873: The 2274:, creates 2259:signed by 2236:Palmerston 2185:is signed. 2181:1858: The 2175:suppressed 2116:1846: The 2046:Syrian War 2008:is signed. 1754:Jay Treaty 1680:John Adams 1650:on north, 1461:Hanoverian 1413:contracts. 1284:Jacobitism 1213:Charles II 1130:1623: The 1117:John Saris 1004:Royal Navy 895:Henry VIII 873:John Cabot 744:Shrewsbury 724:Portsmouth 704:Nottingham 684:Manchester 659:Folkestone 644:Colchester 614:Birmingham 534:Shropshire 494:Merseyside 474:Lancashire 399:Derbyshire 9516:War scare 9202:v3 online 9192:v2 online 8790:1815–1965 8777:v1 online 7469:Historian 6986:Steiner, 6788:Historian 6204:Roberts, 6191:Roberts, 4873:, page 10 4126:Mauritius 4094:Gibraltar 3991:issues a 3888:1962–66: 3863:1959–60: 3738:1948–60: 3684:Palestine 3667:1945–1989 3350:1935–1945 3134:1920–1934 3110:. In the 3046:Lusitania 3044:RMS 2922:HMS 2818:Britannia 2806:Jan Smuts 2627:1897–1919 2586:1895–96: 2545:uitlander 2414:1880–81: 2368:1877–78: 2321:1874–80: 2201:1860–1896 2156:1853–56: 2123:1848–49. 2118:Corn Laws 2051:1839–42: 2048:(1839–40) 2018:1830–65: 1989:from the 1962:1822–27: 1912:1814–22: 1897:1815–1860 1817:1808–14: 1773:1803–06: 1759:1802–03: 1727:1792–97: 1690:1789–1815 1587:1775–83: 1530:1740–48: 1522:1739–42: 1496:Jacobites 1487:1718–20: 1478:Louis XIV 1361:Gibraltar 1345:1701–15: 1324:Leopold I 1316:1700–1789 1296:1689–97: 1256:1672–74: 1204:1665–67: 1187:1654–60: 1181:1652–54: 1160:1639–40: 1147:Huguenots 1092:Elizabeth 970:1553–58: 963:1551–59: 940:1526–30: 930:1521–26: 921:Francis I 901:1511–16: 892:1509–47: 841:Henry VII 769:Worcester 754:St Albans 739:Sheffield 734:Rochester 699:Newcastle 679:Maidstone 669:Liverpool 589:Wiltshire 449:Hampshire 364:Berkshire 352:By county 9397:(1914). 9033:(1972); 9029:(1972); 8876:(1981); 8850:Archived 8845:; also 8436:BBC News 8360:BBC News 8212:in JSTOR 7977:in JSTOR 7748:(1996). 7721:in JSTOR 7594:in JSTOR 7565:in JSTOR 7435:in JSTOR 7338:in JSTOR 7296:in JSTOR 7047:in JSTOR 6760:in JSTOR 6662:in JSTOR 6310:in JSTOR 6223:in JSTOR 6165:in JSTOR 6096:in JSTOR 6041:in JSTOR 5690:in JSTOR 5674:in JSTOR 5645:in JSTOR 5529:Archived 5350:in JSTOR 4971:, p. 39. 4888:in JSTOR 4846:in JSTOR 4457:Iraq War 4295:Cold War 4198:See also 3919:Idi Amin 3912:Malaysia 3795:Ismaïlia 3756:Amethyst 3750:Amethyst 3673:Cold War 3255:of 1920. 2822:Marianne 2720:between 2517:gunboats 2509:cruisers 2153:in 1885. 1856:convenes 1576:1756–63 1463:dynasty. 1457:George I 1335:Felipe V 1227:and the 1083:painting 1037:Sea Dogs 991:as Queen 871:; sends 774:Worthing 764:Wetherby 714:Plymouth 649:Coventry 624:Brighton 539:Somerset 389:Cornwall 384:Cheshire 323:Polities 68:Timeline 38:a series 36:Part of 9421:(1916) 9333:(1974) 9200:(1923) 9145:(1981). 8964:(1999). 8935:(1994) 8925:(1947) 8908:(1936) 8894:(1976). 8830:(1893) 8799:(1918) 8775:(1922) 8740:(1974). 8726:(2003). 8716:(1930) 8708:excerpt 8699:(1989). 8689:(2003) 8679:(1998) 8656:To 1814 8476:Reuters 8378:Reuters 8197:(1997). 7497:(1973). 7189:(1953). 7074:(1936) 6729:(1939) 6455:(1974). 6324:(1966). 6295:(2003). 6026:(2004). 5958:History 5837:(1975). 5811:(1992). 5798:(1961). 5785:(1974). 5759:(1975). 5704:(1973). 5563:(1957). 5547:(2009) 5524:(1961) 5416:(1924). 5403:(2019). 5309:(1989). 5280:(2010) 5172:, p 12. 5159:, p 12. 5146:, p 12. 5133:, p 88. 5120:, p 88. 5077:Lynn, 5068:, p 69. 5039:(1911) 5026:(1934). 5010:(1905) 4997:(1987). 4984:, p 39. 4945:, p 38. 4919:, p 11. 4827:Lynn, 4792:(1976). 4724:History 4684:(1994). 4548:History 4521:(2011) 4495:(1969). 4480:History 4451:, 2000 4111:Finland 3858:Hussein 3554:repaid. 3370:policy. 2097:Uruguay 2039:Belgium 2023:system. 1766:1803: 1393:Philip. 1260:begins. 1149:in the 759:Torquay 729:Reading 689:Margate 634:Chester 629:Bristol 554:Suffolk 529:Rutland 499:Norfolk 394:Cumbria 49:England 9433:online 9423:online 9376:online 9366:online 9350:(2005) 9335:online 9325:online 9306: 9292:(2014) 9285:(2006) 9278:(2004) 9264:(2009) 9250:(2010) 9241:Recent 9235:online 9219:(1989) 9183:(2003) 9169: 9137:online 9121:(2006) 9107:(1931) 9098:online 9089:(2011) 9082:(1995) 9067:online 9058:(2011) 9051:(2002) 9044:(1998) 9007:online 8985:(2005) 8978:(1991) 8971:(1975) 8955:online 8937:Curzon 8927:online 8910:online 8887:(1988) 8880:(1981) 8862:(2011) 8843:online 8832:online 8816:(1989) 8801:online 8785:(1966) 8747:(1980) 8718:online 8672:(1991) 8665:(2011) 8651:(2002) 8636: 8615:(1980) 8608:(2003) 8601:(2008) 8580:(2011) 8573:(2007) 8549:(1983) 8507:(2002) 8340:28 May 8314:28 May 8288:28 May 8267:(2012) 8247: 8224:online 8177: 8130:online 8038: 8011: 7955: 7928: 7908:(1975) 7869:(1985) 7778:(2010) 7758: 7699: 7661:Beaver 7624:(1987) 7610:online 7579:(1986) 7537:(2010) 7517: 7458:(2010) 7431:Africa 7253:Albion 7222: 7169: 7005:online 6862: 6776:online 6731:online 6696: 6676:(1971) 6646:online 6621:online 6605:online 6564:(1969) 6518: 6491: 6470:online 6428:online 6416:online 6404:online 6281:online 6265:online 6143: 6068:(1970) 6055:(1969) 6006: 5934:(1991) 5920:online 5852:online 5746:(2011) 5720:(2004) 5623: 5603:(2010) 5583: 5498:(1984) 5483:online 5468:(1969) 5322:(2007) 5282:online 5267:(1995) 5253:online 5238:(1993) 5212:(2014) 5192: 5168:Lynn, 5155:Lynn, 5142:Lynn, 5129:Lynn, 5116:Lynn, 5103:Lynn, 5090:Lynn, 5064:Lynn, 5055:(1994) 5041:online 5012:online 4980:Lynn, 4967:Lynn, 4954:Lynn, 4941:Lynn, 4915:Lynn, 4869:Lynn, 4860:(2009) 4805:(1996) 4766:(1995) 4746: 4711:Albion 4699:online 4651: 4631:(1974) 4592:(1966) 4537:(2007) 4508:(1991) 4115:Sweden 4077:2016: 4072:Brexit 4055:2016: 4028:1992: 4015:1990: 3987:1989: 3980:1986: 3972:rebate 3963:1984: 3943:1980: 3922:expels 3874:gives 3849:1958: 3827:1955: 3809:1955: 3782:1951: 3748:1949: 3707:1946: 3608:1943: 3519:1939: 3477:1938: 3466:1938: 3429:1936: 3413:1935: 3402:1935: 3392:1935: 3373:1935: 3342:force. 3327:1931: 3292:1925: 3274:1924: 3247:1923: 3224:1922: 3214:1922: 3200:, and 3188:1922: 3177:1921: 3170:1921: 3163:1920: 3145:1919: 3117:1919: 3098:1919: 3074:1917: 3059:1916: 3052:1915: 3021:1914: 3009:1912: 3002:1912: 2983:1911: 2973:1908: 2962:1907: 2951:1907: 2930:1906: 2908:1906: 2901:1905: 2890:1905: 2883:1904: 2847:1903: 2781:1901: 2774:1900: 2765:Peking 2755:1899: 2716:1899: 2706:1898: 2691:1898: 2681:1898: 2670:1898: 2622:, 1896 2571:1895: 2550:1890: 2488:1886: 2448:1883: 2429:1881: 2400:1879: 2388:Cyprus 2382:1878: 2361:1876: 2292:1871: 2276:Canada 2270:1867: 2255:1865: 2188:1860: 2171:1857: 2164:1856: 2141:1852: 2137:Punjab 2127:; 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