Tracheotomy - Knowledge

507:. Alternatively, a vertical incision can be made in the midline of the neck from the thyroid cartilage to just above the suprasternal notch. Skin, subcutaneous tissue, and strap muscles (a specific group of neck muscles) are retracted aside to expose the thyroid isthmus, which can be cut or retracted upwards. After proper identification of the cricoid cartilage and placement of a tracheal hook to steady the trachea and pull it forward, the trachea is cut open, either through the space between cartilage rings or vertically across multiple rings (cruciate incision). Occasionally a section of a tracheal cartilage ring may be removed to make insertion of the tube easier. Once the incision is made, a properly sized tube is inserted. The tube is connected to a ventilator and adequate ventilation and oxygenation is confirmed. The tracheotomy apparatus is then attached to the neck with tracheotomy ties, skin sutures, or both. 519:, an Australian intensive care specialist. In 1995, Fantoni developed a translaryngeal approach of percutaneous tracheostomy. The Griggs and Ciaglia Blue Rhino techniques are the two main techniques in current use. A number of comparison studies have been undertaken between these two techniques with no clear differences emerging An advantage of PDT over OST is the ability to perform the procedure at the patient's bedside. This significantly decreases costs and time/people-power needed for an operating room (OR) procedure. Contraindications for percutaneous tracheostomy include infection at the site of tracheostomy, uncontrolled bleeding disorder, unstable cardiopulmonary status, patient unable to stay still, abnormal anatomy of the tracheolaryngeal structures. 743: 481:

removed once the outer cannula is in place. The outer cannula remains in place but, because of the buildup of secretions, there is an inner cannula that may be removed for cleaning after use or it may be replaced. Single-lumen tracheostomy tubes do not have a removable inner cannula, suitable for narrower airways. Cuffed tracheostomy tubes have inflatable balloons at the end of the tube to secure them in place. A tracheostomy tube may be fenestrated with one or several holes to let air through the

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for various reasons and with various methods. Many suggestions were put forward, but little actual progress was made toward making the procedure more successful. The tracheotomy remained a dangerous operation with a very low success rate, and many surgeons still considered the tracheotomy to be a useless and dangerous procedure. The high mortality rate for this operation, which had not improved, supported their position. From the period 1500 to 1832 there are only 28 known reports of tracheotomy.

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tube, either spontaneously or during a tube change. Although uncommon (< 1/1000 tracheostomy tube days), the associated fatality is high due to the loss of airway. Due to the seriousness of such a situation, individuals with a tracheotomy tube should consult with their healthcare providers to have a specific, written, emergency intubation and tracheostomy recannulation (reinsertion) plan prepared in advance.

387: 592:, an abnormal connection between the trachea and nearby blood vessels, and most commonly manifests between 3 days to 6 weeks after the procedure is done. Fistulas can result from incorrectly positioned equipment, high cuff pressures causing pressure sores or mucosal damage, a low surgical trachea site, repetitive neck movement, radiotherapy, or prolonged intubation. 614:). However incidence is low, ranging from 0.6 to 2.8% with increased rates if major bleeding or wound infections are present. A 2016 systematic review identified a higher rate of tracheal stenosis in individuals who underwent a surgical tracheostomy, as compared to PDT, however the difference was not statistically significant. 757:

brought with it significant advances in all scientific fields, particularly surgery. Increased knowledge of anatomy was a major factor in these developments. Surgeons became increasingly open to experimental surgery on the trachea. During this period, many surgeons attempted to perform tracheotomies,

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A 2000 Spanish study of bedside percutaneous tracheostomy reported overall complication rates of 10–15% and a procedural mortality of 0%, which is comparable to those of other series reported in the literature from the Netherlands and the United States. A 2013 systematic review calculated procedural

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As with most other surgical procedures, some cases are more difficult than others. Surgery on children is more difficult because of their smaller size. Difficulties such as a short neck and bigger thyroid glands make the trachea hard to open. There are other difficulties with patients with irregular

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There are a multitude of potential complications related to the airway. The main causes of mortality during PDT include dislodgment of the tube, loss of airway during procedure and misplacement of the tube. One of the more urgent complications include displacement or dislodgment of the tracheotomy

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A tracheostomy tube may be single or dual lumen, and also cuffed or uncuffed. A dual lumen tracheostomy tube consists of an outer cannula or main shaft, an inner cannula, and an obturator. The obturator is used when inserting the tracheostomy tube to guide the placement of the outer cannula and is

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and anatomist, published a report of four successful "bronchotomies" which he had performed. One of these is the first recorded case of a tracheotomy for the removal of a foreign body, in this instance a blood clot in the larynx of a stabbing victim. He also described the first tracheotomy to be

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Special tracheostomy tube valves (such as the Passy-Muir valve) have been created to assist people in their speech. The patient can inhale through the unidirectional tube. Upon expiration, pressure causes the valve to close, redirecting air around the tube, past the vocal folds, producing sound.

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guidance. Use of the bronchoscope, an instrument inserted through a patient's mouth for internal visualization of the airway, can help with proper placement of instruments and better visualization of anatomical structures. However, this can also be dependent on the skills and familiarity of the

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A 2003 American cadaveric study identified multiple tracheal ring fractures with the Ciaglia Blue Rhino technique as a complication occurring in 100% of their small series of cases. The comparative study above also identified ring fractures in 9 of 30 live patients while another small series

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If prolonged ventilation is required, tracheostomy is usually considered. The timing of this procedure is dependent on the clinical situation and an individual's preference. An international multicenter study in 2000 determined that the median time between starting mechanical ventilation and

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The typical procedure done is the open surgical tracheotomy (OST) and is usually done in a sterile operating room. The optimal patient position involves a cushion under the shoulders to extend the neck. Commonly a transverse (horizontal) incision is made two fingerbreadths above the

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and tracheal tubes. Surgeons could not seem to reach a consensus on where or how the tracheal incision should be made, arguing whether the "high tracheotomy" or the "low tracheotomy" was more beneficial. The currently used surgical tracheotomy technique was described in 1909 by

855:, obstructing his trachea. Habicot suggested that the operation might also be effective for patients with inflammation of the larynx. He developed equipment for this surgical procedure which displayed similarities to modern designs (except for his use of a single-tube cannula). 1093:(or "crike"), which is an incision through the skin and cricothyroid membrane. This is often confused or misnamed as a tracheotomy (or "trach") and vice versa. However, they are quite different based on location of the opening and length of time the alternate airway is needed. 796:(1533–1619) described a useful technique for tracheotomy in his writings, although he had never actually performed the operation himself. He advised using a vertical incision and was the first to introduce the idea of a tracheostomy tube. This was a straight, short 1205:

Esteban A, Anzueto A, Alía I, Gordo F, Apezteguía C, Pálizas F, Cide D, Goldwaser R, Soto L, Bugedo G, Rodrigo C, Pimentel J, Raimondi G, Tobin MJ (May 2000). "How is mechanical ventilation employed in the intensive care unit? An international utilization review".

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Specifically a 2017 systematic review calculated the most common causes of death and their frequencies, out of all tracheotomies, to be hemorrhage (OST: 0.26%, PDT: 0.19%), loss of airway (OST: 0.21%, PDT: 0.20%), and misplacement of tube (OST: 0.11%, PDT: 0.20%).

785:. The patient apparently made a complete recovery, and Brassavola published his account in 1546. This operation has been identified as the first recorded successful tracheostomy, despite many ancient references to the trachea and possibly to its opening. 326:) meaning "mouth", refers to the making of a semi-permanent or permanent opening and to the opening itself. Some sources offer different definitions of the above terms. Part of the ambiguity is due to the uncertainty of the intended permanence of the 1994:

Polderman KH, Spijkstra JJ, de Bree R, Christiaans HM, Gelissen HP, Wester JP, Girbes AR (May 2003). "Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in the ICU: optimal organization, low complication rates, and description of a new complication".

816:(1552–1616) succeeded Fabricius as professor of anatomy at the University of Padua and published his own writings regarding technique and equipment for tracheotomy. Casseri recommended using a curved silver tube with several holes in it. 2915:

Plotnikow GA, Roux N, Feld V, Gogniat E, Villalba D, Ribero NV, Sartore M, Bosso M, Quiroga C, Leiva V, Scrigna M, Puchulu F, Distéfano E, Scapellato JL, Intile D, Planells F, Noval D, Buñirigo P, Jofré R, Nielsen ED (October 2013).

901:, and 11 for "chronic maladies of the larynx") In 1858, John Snow was the first to report tracheotomy and cannulation of the trachea for the administration of chloroform anesthesia in an animal model. In 1871, the German surgeon 453:

receiving a tracheostomy was 11 days. Although the definition varies depending on hospital and provider, early tracheostomy can be considered to be less than 10 days (2 to 14 days) and late tracheostomy to be 10 days or more.

789:(1510–1590) described suture of tracheal lacerations in the mid-16th century. One patient survived despite a concomitant injury to the internal jugular vein. Another sustained wounds to the trachea and esophagus and died. 582:(5.6%) A similar systematic review in 2017 (cases from 1990 to 2015) studying fatality in both open surgical tracheotomy (OST) and PDT identified similar rates of mortality and causes of death between the two techniques. 861:(1561–1636) is believed to be the first to use a trocar in the operation, and he recommended leaving the cannula in place for a few days following the operation. Early tracheostomy devices are illustrated in Habicot's 618:

mortality to be 0.17% or 1 in 600 cases. Multiple systematic reviews identified no significant difference in rates of mortality, major bleeding, or wound infection between the percutaneous or open surgical methods.

682:, another Roman-era Greek physician of the 2nd century AD, supported tracheotomy when treating oral diseases. He refined the technique to be more similar to that used in modern times, recommending that a 2151:

Byhahn C, Lischke V, Halbig S, Scheifler G, Westphal K (March 2000). "" [Ciaglia blue rhino: a modified technique for percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy. Technique and early clinical results].

734:(1091–1161) in the 12th century. According to Mostafa Shehata, Ibn Zuhr (also known as Avenzoar) successfully practiced the tracheotomy procedure on a goat, justifying Galen's approval of the operation. 2434:

Question chirurgicale par laquelle il est démonstré que le Chirurgien doit assurément practiquer l'operation de la Bronchotomie, vulgairement dicte Laryngotomie, ou perforation de la fluste ou du polmon

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A 2013 systematic review (published cases from 1985 to April 2013) studied the complications and risk factors of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT), identifying major causes of fatality to be

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Dempsey, Ged A.; Morton, Ben; Hammell, Clare; Williams, Lisa T.; Smith, Catrin Tudur; Jones, Terence (1 March 2016). "Long-term Outcome Following Tracheostomy in Critical Care: A Systematic Review*".

3005: 913:(1848–1924) reported on his use of orotracheal intubation as an alternative to tracheotomy to allow a patient with glottic edema to breathe, as well as in the setting of general anesthesia with 272: 712:, the first illustrated work on surgery. He never performed a tracheotomy, but he did treat a slave girl who had cut her own throat in a suicide attempt. Al-Zahrawi (known to Europeans as 1281:

Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 1382–1383, 1404.

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Wischhusen HG, Schumacher GH (1977). "" [Curriculum vitae of the professor of anatomy, botany and higher mathematics Georg Detharding (1671–1747) at the University of Rostock].

1089:, in which a character being drowned from the neck up performs a manual tracheotomy, stabbing his neck with a pen to create an airway to breathe through. The most common procedure is a 275:

Figure A shows a side view of the neck and the correct placement of a tracheostomy tube in the trachea, or windpipe. Figure B shows an external view of a patient who has a tracheostomy.

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Laryngeal structures, trachea (1–4) and invasive procedures (A–B) (1) Thyroid cartilage (2) Cricothyroid ligament (3) Cricoid cartilage (4) Trachea (A) Cricothyrotomy (B) Tracheotomy

610:, otherwise known as an abnormal narrowing of the airway, is a possible long term complication. The most common symptom of stenosis is gradually-worsening difficulty with breathing ( 1083:

Across movies and TV shows, there are many situations where an emergency procedure is done on an individual's neck to re-establish an airway. An example is in the 2008 horror film,

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surgical procedure that completely bypasses the upper airway. This procedure was commonly performed for obstructive sleep apnea until the 1980s, when other procedures such as the

49: 698:, an advocate of the procedure, acknowledged previous Greek authors' works on the subject of tracheotomies and provided descriptions of the procedure in his own works. In 1000, 515:

The first widely accepted percutaneous tracheotomy technique was described by Pat Ciaglia, a New York surgeon, in 1985. The next widely used technique was developed in 1989 by

1011:. However, surgeons continued to debate various aspects of the tracheotomy well into the 20th century. Many techniques were described and employed, along with many different 3043:

Global Tracheostomy Collaborative. International collaborative with resources for hospitals, caregivers, and patients about tracheostomies, including international research

873:, was the first to use the word "tracheotomy" in 1649, but this term was not commonly used until a century later. Georg Detharding (1671–1747), professor of anatomy at the 1028:. Jackson emphasised the importance of postoperative care, which dramatically reduced the death rate. By 1965, the surgical anatomy was thoroughly and widely understood, 1530:"Percutaneous tracheostomy with single dilatation technique: a prospective, randomized comparison of Ciaglia blue rhino versus Griggs' guidewire dilating forceps" 3075: 2232:

Yapijakis, Christos (4 July 2009). "Hippocrates of Kos, the father of clinical medicine, and Asclepiades of Bithynia, the father of molecular medicine. Review".

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that incorporated wings to prevent the tube from advancing too far into the trachea. He recommended the operation only as a last resort, to be used in cases of

2451: 835: 659:. Warning against the possibility of death from inadvertent laceration of the carotid artery during tracheotomy, he instead advocated the practice of 1425:

Ciaglia P, Firsching R, Syniec C (June 1985). "Elective percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. A new simple bedside procedure; preliminary report".

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Hill BB, Zweng TN, Maley RH, Charash WE, Toursarkissian B, Kearney PA (August 1996). "Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy: report of 356 cases".

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In the 1820s, the tracheotomy began to be recognized as a legitimate means of treating severe airway obstruction. In 1832, French physician

678:, both of whom lived in Rome in the 2nd century AD, credit Asclepiades as being the first physician to perform a non-emergency tracheotomy. 1967:

van Heurn LW, van Geffen GJ, Brink PR (July 1996). "Clinical experience with percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: report of 150 cases".

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were widely available and useful for treating postoperative infections, and other major complications had also become more manageable.

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Hotchkiss KS, McCaffrey JC (January 2003). "Laryngotracheal injury after percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in cadaver specimens".

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patients, extensive surgery involving the head and neck). Tracheotomy may result in a significant reduction in the administration of

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Passy V, Baydur A, Prentice W, Darnell-Neal R (1993). "Passy-Muir tracheostomy speaking valve on ventilator-dependent patients".

1112:’s character, Detective Mullens, then presses hard on the man's chest, causing the piece of food to be expelled from his mouth. 3061: 464:

is a form of non-invasive mechanical ventilation that can — in a small subset of cases — allow people to avoid a tracheostomy.

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An all inclusive resource about tracheostomy including articles and courses for medical professionals, caregivers and patients

3689: 2308: 2271: 1409: 1381: 2782:"Clinical Observations on the Introduction of Tracheal Tubes by the Mouth, Instead of Performing Tracheotomy or Laryngotomy" 3010: 2730:"General Observations on the Introduction of Tracheal Tubes by the Mouth, Instead of Performing Tracheotomy or Laryngotomy" 476:

An outer cannula (top item) with inflatable cuff (top right), an inner cannula (center item) and an obturator (bottom item)

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In the chronic (long-term) setting, indications for tracheotomy include the need for long-term mechanical ventilation and

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human tracheotomy to be performed for the purpose of administration of general anesthesia. In 1880, the Scottish surgeon

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in 1610, using the vertical incision technique recommended by Fabricius. He also developed his own version of a trocar.

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Griggs WM, Worthley LI, Gilligan JE, Thomas PD, Myburg JA (June 1990). "A simple percutaneous tracheostomy technique".

1148: 716:) sewed up the wound and the girl recovered, thereby proving that an incision in the larynx could heal. Circa AD 1020, 686:

incision be made between the third and fourth tracheal rings for the treatment of life-threatening airway obstruction.

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identified ring fractures in 5 of their 20 patients. The long term significance of tracheal ring fractures is unknown.

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In the early 20th century, physicians began to use the tracheotomy in the treatment of patients affected by paralytic

982: 964: 1404:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. Chapter 120- Tracheotomy, Chapter 121- Tracheotomy, Percutaneous Dilational. 3203: 2478:

Tabulae anatomicae LXXIIX ... Daniel Bucretius ... XX. que deerant supplevit & omnium explicationes addidit

960: 543:, wound infections, stoma cellulites, fracture of tracheal rings, poor placement of the tracheostomy tube, and 87: 17: 3619: 3594: 1790:"Tracheo-innominate artery fistula after percutaneous tracheostomy: three case reports and a clinical review" 595:

A potential risk factor identified in a 2013 systematic review of the percutaneous technique was the lack of

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patient. A 14-year-old boy swallowed a bag containing 9 gold coins in an attempt to prevent its theft by a

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Añón JM, Gómez V, Escuela MP, De Paz V, Solana LF, De La Casa RM, Pérez JC, Zeballos E, Navarro L (2000).

3053: 921:'s book discussed the symptoms indicating a tracheotomy and when the operation is absolutely necessary. 3684: 3579: 3435: 3430: 2669:. Brussels: Imprimerie et Librairie Société Encyclographiques des Sciences Médicales. pp. 279–288. 2296: 1152: 236: 1685:"Death after percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: a systematic review and analysis of risk factors" 3297: 2288: 1104:’s character, Sarah Ashburn, attempts to perform the operation on a person choking on a pancake in a 589: 563: 559: 438: 820:(1580–1656), a skillful surgeon and anatomist, performed multiple successful tracheotomies during a 3704: 3659: 3486: 3453: 3445: 2709:(1871). "Beiträge zu den Operationen an den Luftwegen" [Contributions to airways surgery]. 945: 870: 607: 442: 109: 730:. The first clear description of the tracheotomy operation for treating asphyxiation was given by 3213: 3102: 2706: 949: 902: 770: 667: 426: 355:

In the acute (short term) setting, indications for tracheotomy include such conditions as severe

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is rare, but the most likely cause of fatality after a tracheostomy. It usually occurs due to a

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Despite the concerns of Hippocrates, it is believed that an early tracheotomy was performed by

540: 2888: 2662: 1376:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. Yu KY. Chapter 38. Airway Management & Tracheotomy. 1096:

Another example of an emergency attempt at this procedure is featured in the 2013 comedy film

3629: 3292: 2259: 874: 813: 778: 722: 415: 2545:. In Von Ernst Ludwig Rathlef; Gabriel Wilhelm Goetten; Johann Christoph Strodtmann (eds.). 2542: 3501: 3476: 3287: 2682:"Fatal cases of inhalation of chloroform, Treatment of suspended animation from chloroform" 1041: 793: 746: 364: 360: 263:

to be inserted; this tube allows a person to breathe without the use of the nose or mouth.

2207: 8: 3624: 3606: 3574: 3524: 3149: 2639:(1833). "Mémoire sur un cas de tracheotomie pratiquée dans la période extrème de croup". 1012: 660: 655:

condemned the practice of tracheotomy as incurring an unacceptable risk of damage to the

562:, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and tube displacement. Delayed complications include 419: 376: 2856:"Val Kilmer says he's doing great after tracheotomy: 'I feel a lot better than I sound'" 2065:

Powell DM, Price PD, Forrest LA (February 1998). "Review of percutaneous tracheostomy".

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Ferlito A, Rinaldo A, Shaha AR, Bradley PJ (December 2003). "Percutaneous tracheotomy".

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aspect (front) of the neck and opening a direct airway through an incision in the

129: 3407: 3379: 3282: 3000: 2777: 2476: 2457: 1878: 1219: 1097: 1049: 910: 839: 115: 433:(CPAP) therapy. The reason tracheostomy works well for OSA is because it is the 3566: 3545: 3529: 3386: 3335: 3230: 3144: 2978:(Online resource for tracheostomy products, supplies and support) at trachs.com 2509: 1374:

CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, 3e

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Sedvall G, Farde L, Nybäck H, Pauli S, Persson A, Savic I, Wiesel FA (1960).

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Tracheotomy: Airway Management, Communication, and Swallowing, Second Edition

2008: 1886: 1004: 356: 299: 256: 2461: 2397: 1847: 1830: 1156: 3511: 3353: 3256: 3186: 3181: 2987: 2953: 2815: 2797: 2763: 2745: 2595: 2527: 2453:

Sanctorii Sanctorii Commentaria in primum fen, primi libri canonis Avicennæ

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In extreme cases, the procedure may be indicated as a treatment for severe

372: 2415: 2165: 2086: 2051: 1980: 1831:"Tracheostomy tube displacement: An update on emergency airway management" 1612: 1481: 1446: 1334:

Cullen JH (1963). "An evaluation of tracheostomy in pulmonary emphysema".

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Ambesh SP, Pandey CK, Srivastava S, Agarwal A, Singh DK (December 2002).

1053: 754: 652: 578:(38.0%), airway complications (29.6%), tracheal perforation (15.5%), and 516: 123: 61: 3047: 3032: 2547:

Geschichte jetzlebender Gelehrten, als eine Fortsetzung des Jetzlebenden

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Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

1918:"Percutaneous tracheostomy: comparison of Ciaglia and Griggs techniques" 1189: 3481: 3363: 3264: 3165: 3139: 3134: 3111: 2447: 2325: 1105: 1077: 1029: 1021: 914: 890: 858: 848: 844: 821: 703: 585: 575: 536: 368: 1151:. Houston, Texas: Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 749:(1533–1619) was the first to introduce the idea of a tracheostomy tube 139: 3639: 3277: 3196: 2686:

On chloroform and other anaesthetics: their action and administration

2456:(in Latin). Venetiis: Apud Marcum Antonium Brogiollum. p. 1120. 852: 809: 727: 708: 699: 461: 449:

surgeries were described as alternative surgical modalities for OSA.

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There are four main reasons why someone would receive a tracheotomy:

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Simon M, Metschke M, Braune SA, Püschel K, Kluge S (October 2013).

1061: 824: 731: 717: 679: 675: 570:, delayed tracheoesophageal fistula, and tracheocutaneous fistula. 411: 271: 240: 3026: 2194: 1934: 1172: 3458: 3093: 3022:

A Video of Rescue Breathing for Laryngectomees and Neck Breathers

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in 1627. Thomas Fienus (1567–1631), Professor of Medicine at the

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Julius Casserius (Giulio Casserio) and Daniel Bucretius (1632).

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Temporary surgical incision to create an airway into the trachea

3634: 3331: 3311: 3173: 3037: 2494:"Tracheostomy in a respiratory unit at a neurological hospital" 2481:(in Latin). Francofurti: Impensis & coelo Matthaei Meriani. 1290: 1040:

Notable individuals who have or have had a tracheotomy include

906: 828: 801: 634: 529: 482: 252: 2981: 2969: 905:(1844–1924) published a paper describing the first successful 897:

reported a series of 169 tracheotomies (158 of which were for

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Decreased/incompetent clearance of tracheobronchial secretions

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International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science

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procedure which consists of making an incision (cut) on the

2543:"De methodo subveniendi submersis per laryngotomiam (1714)" 792:

Towards the end of the 16th century, anatomist and surgeon

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surgeon with both the procedure and the patient's anatomy.

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Ellison, E. Christopher; Zollinger, Jr, Robert M. (2016).

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American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

765:(1514–1564) wrote that tracheal intubation and subsequent 179: 3027:"Book of Simplification Concerning Therapeutics and Diet" 1788:

Grant CA, Dempsey G, Harrison J, Jones T (January 2006).

1787: 217: 3029:, is a manuscript from 1497 that discusses tracheotomies 2975: 2914: 1966: 2379: 1204: 877:, treated a drowning victim with tracheostomy in 1714. 2491: 2195:

Steven E. Sittig; James E. Pringnitz (February 2001).

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Zollinger's Atlas of Surgical Operations, 10th edition

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by tracheotomy after the patient had been refused by

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Jonathan P Lindman; Charles E Morgan (7 June 2010).

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Dilatational Tracheostomy On An Intensive Care Unit

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Site and blog with information about tracheostomies

2881:"Famous people who have or have had Tracheostomies" 2549:. Zelle: Berlegts Joachim Undreas Deek. p. 20. 2446: 2361:Goodall, E.W. (1934). "The story of tracheostomy". 1191:

Dilatational Tracheostomy on an Intensive Care Unit

550:Early complications include infection, hemorrhage, 188: 176: 2540: 2107: 2064: 1583:Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 1146: 497: 345:Airway access for prolonged mechanical ventilation 2699: 1969:The European Journal of Surgery = Acta Chirurgica 1496:"Translaryngeal Tracheostomy- TLT Fantoni method" 348:Functional or mechanical upper airway obstruction 3676: 2657: 2635: 2431: 2286: 889:employed it as a last resort to treat a case of 2984:(Caring for a tracheostomy) at tracheostomy.com 2770: 2721: 2492:Cawthorne T, Hewlett AB, Ranger D (June 1959). 2323: 375:of the head and neck. In the context of failed 2641:Journal des connaissances médico-chirurgicales 2427: 2425: 2382:"Recent advances in psychiatric brain imaging" 2356: 2354: 2326:"The Ear, Nose and Throat in Islamic Medicine" 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 647:Tracheotomy was first potentially depicted on 3565: 3069: 2705: 2468: 2440: 2293:The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine 2101: 1987: 1523: 1521: 638:A tracheostomy from prior to the 20th century 2498:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1960: 720:(980–1037) described tracheal intubation in 266: 3017:Smiths Medical Tracheostomy Training Videos 2422: 2351: 1619: 1570: 1418: 963:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 511:Percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy (PDT) 3076: 3062: 2665:. In Jean Lequime and J. de Biefve (ed.). 2436:(in French). Paris: Corrozet. p. 108. 2144: 2058: 1738: 1518: 1461: 1243:"Cuirass ventilation: a review and update" 522: 47: 2943: 2933: 2805: 2753: 2585: 2517: 2405: 2231: 1943: 1933: 1846: 1828: 1805: 1764: 1710: 1700: 1602: 1545: 1327: 1258: 1234: 1187: 983:Learn how and when to remove this message 528:necks, the obese, and those with a large 418:, as well as the duration of stay in the 2830:"Biography (Christopher Reeve Homepage)" 2673: 2188: 2023: 1909: 1500:www.translaryngealtracheostomyfantoni.it 994: 741: 633: 535:The many possible complications include 471: 385: 270: 2776: 2727: 2360: 2317: 1371: 14: 3677: 2667:Annales de médecine belge et étrangère 2363:British Journal of Children's Diseases 2197:"Tracheostomy: evolution of an airway" 1333: 1240: 1128: 1035: 737: 3057: 2562:"The evolution of breathing machines" 2559: 2258: 1860: 1858: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1576: 1395: 1393: 1367: 1365: 1275: 492: 429:(OSA) seen in patients intolerant of 359:, tumors of the head and neck (e.g., 251:(hole) can serve independently as an 2679: 1470:Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics 1168: 1166: 1142: 1140: 961:adding citations to reliable sources 928: 694:The 7th century Byzantine physician 3426:High-resolution computed tomography 3084:Tests and procedures involving the 2853: 2688:. London: John Churchill. pp. 1147:Romaine F. Johnson (6 March 2003). 670:, who lived in Rome around 100 BC. 431:continuous positive airway pressure 24: 2907: 1855: 1835:Indian Journal of Respiratory Care 1745:Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 1727: 1669: 1488: 1390: 1362: 851:. The object became lodged in his 642: 564:tracheal-innominate artery fistula 330:(hole) at the time it is created. 25: 3716: 2976:Tracheostomy Products and Support 2962: 1540:(6): 1739–45, table of contents. 1163: 1137: 1129:Molnar, Heather (11 April 2023). 702:(936–1013), an Arab who lived in 689: 306:) meaning "to cut", and the word 2266:. Plural Publishing. p. 3. 2122:10.1097/00005537-200301000-00003 2079:10.1097/00005537-199802000-00004 2044:10.1097/00005373-199608000-00007 1739:Klemm E, Nowak AK (April 2017). 1595:10.1097/00000441-189701000-00008 1547:10.1097/00000539-200212000-00050 1305:10.1288/00005537-199306000-00013 1194:(Dissertation). Universität Ulm. 933: 893:. In 1852, Bretonneau's student 204: 154: 2873: 2822: 2651: 2629: 2602: 2553: 2534: 2485: 2373: 2280: 2252: 2225: 2038:(2): 238–43, discussion 243–4. 1822: 1781: 1247:Critical Care and Resuscitation 924: 880: 498:Open surgical tracheotomy (OST) 456: 3204:Laryngotracheal reconstruction 2988:(Pictures with video clipping) 2711:Archiv für Klinische Chirurgie 2386:Acta Radiologica. Supplementum 2324:Mostafa Shehata (April 2003). 1794:British Journal of Anaesthesia 1284: 1198: 1181: 1122: 333: 13: 1: 3595:Positive pressure ventilation 1260:10.1016/S1441-2772(23)01566-1 1188:Eberhardt, Lars Karl (2008). 1131:"Types of Tracheostomy Tubes" 1115: 467: 447:maxillomandibular advancement 30:For a similar procedure, see 3690:Emergency medical procedures 3590:Negative pressure ventilator 3011:Dorland's Medical Dictionary 1879:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001382 1741:"Tracheotomy-Related Deaths" 1220:10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9902018 838:(1550–1624), surgeon of the 462:Biphasic cuirass ventilation 7: 2994:Translaryngeal tracheostomy 2854:Day, Nate (3 August 2020). 2541:Georges Detharding (1745). 1336:Annals of Internal Medicine 834:In 1620 the French surgeon 10: 3721: 3580:Surgical airway management 3436:Ventilation/perfusion scan 3236:Tracheoesophageal puncture 2834:www.chrisreevehomepage.com 2684:. In Richardson BW (ed.). 2510:10.1177/003591575905200602 2297:Farmington Hills, Michigan 1348:10.7326/0003-4819-58-6-953 1153:Baylor College of Medicine 706:, published the 30-volume 629: 247:(windpipe). The resulting 237:surgical airway management 29: 3605: 3558: 3538: 3510: 3467: 3444: 3406: 3399: 3306: 3212: 3101: 3092: 2999:11 September 2017 at the 2982:Aaron's tracheostomy page 2578:10.1017/s0025727300026867 2560:Price JL (January 1962). 2432:Nicholas Habicot (1620). 2291:. In Fundukian LJ (ed.). 2287:Patricia Skinner (2008). 1757:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0273 1647:10.1080/00016480310000485 1372:Lalwani, Anil K. (2012). 865:and Casseri's posthumous 560:tracheoesophageal fistula 439:uvulopalatopharyngoplasty 267:Etymology and terminology 136: 122: 108: 96: 86: 46: 41: 3660:Pulmonary rehabilitation 3487:Bronchial challenge test 3454:Pneumonia severity index 3446:Clinical prediction rule 2935:10.4103/2229-5151.124148 2234:In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2009:10.1378/chest.123.5.1595 1577:Rosen H (January 1897). 1534:Anesthesia and Analgesia 443:genioglossus advancement 379:, either tracheotomy or 2786:British Medical Journal 2734:British Medical Journal 2728:Macewen W (July 1880). 2398:10.1136/bmj.1.5179.1129 2206:: 48–51. Archived from 1848:10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_12_17 903:Friedrich Trendelenburg 777:treated a patient with 771:Antonio Musa Brassavola 726:in order to facilitate 700:Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi 668:Asclepiades of Bithynia 590:tracheoarterial fistula 523:Risks and complications 427:obstructive sleep apnea 398:to assist in breathing. 342:Emergency airway access 3650:Hyperinflation therapy 3615:Artificial respiration 3585:Mechanical ventilation 3520:Bronchoalveolar lavage 3421:CT pulmonary angiogram 2798:10.1136/bmj.2.1022.163 2746:10.1136/bmj.2.1021.122 1867:Critical Care Medicine 1635:Acta Oto-Laryngologica 1439:10.1378/chest.87.6.715 1009:mechanical ventilation 1000: 818:Marco Aurelio Severino 769:could be life-saving. 767:artificial respiration 750: 651:artifacts in 3600 BC. 639: 541:subcutaneous emphysema 477: 399: 394:are often attached to 390:Tracheotomy tubes and 276: 3630:Decompression chamber 3298:Heart–lung transplant 2611:Anatomischer Anzeiger 2166:10.1007/s001010050815 2032:The Journal of Trauma 998: 875:University of Rostock 871:University of Louvain 863:Question Chirurgicale 814:Giulio Cesare Casseri 779:peritonsillar abscess 745: 723:The Canon of Medicine 637: 475: 389: 365:branchial cleft cysts 318:, including the root 274: 3502:Impulse oscillometry 3477:Body plethysmography 2885:www.tracheostomy.com 1506:on 11 September 2017 1149:"Adult Tracheostomy" 1042:Catherine Zeta-Jones 1013:surgical instruments 957:improve this section 794:Hieronymus Fabricius 747:Hieronymus Fabricius 310:(from Greek τραχεία 3695:Otorhinolaryngology 3625:Hyperbaric medicine 3607:Respiratory therapy 3525:Nasopharyngeal swab 3150:Acoustic rhinometry 2891:on 24 December 2018 2448:Sanctorii Sanctorii 1241:Linton, DM (2005). 1080:, and many others. 1036:Society and culture 917:. At last, in 1880 738:16th–18th centuries 661:tracheal intubation 485:, allowing speech. 420:intensive care unit 377:tracheal intubation 255:or as a site for a 3497:Diffusion capacity 3469:Lung function test 3086:respiratory system 1829:Rajendram (2017). 1807:10.1093/bja/aei282 1001: 867:Tabulae anatomicae 751: 640: 539:, loss of airway, 505:suprasternal notch 493:Surgical procedure 478: 400: 392:endotracheal tubes 383:may be performed. 322:(from Greek στόμα 277: 3685:Airway management 3672: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3655:Pulmonary hygiene 3645:Postural drainage 3554: 3553: 3395: 3394: 2369:: 167–76, 253–72. 2310:978-1-4144-4872-5 2273:978-1-59756-840-1 1411:978-0-07-179755-9 1383:978-0-07-162439-8 1066:William Rehnquist 1058:Christopher Reeve 1018:Chevalier Jackson 993: 992: 985: 887:Pierre Bretonneau 608:Tracheal stenosis 568:tracheal stenosis 552:pneumomediastinum 261:tracheostomy tube 147: 146: 72:Cricoid cartilage 67:Thyroid cartilage 16:(Redirected from 3712: 3563: 3562: 3559:Other procedures 3404: 3403: 3099: 3098: 3078: 3071: 3064: 3055: 3054: 2970:Tracheotomy Info 2957: 2947: 2937: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2887:. Archived from 2877: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2809: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2757: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2707:Trendelenburg, F 2703: 2697: 2696: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2659:Armand Trousseau 2655: 2649: 2648: 2637:Armand Trousseau 2633: 2627: 2626: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2589: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2521: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2429: 2420: 2419: 2409: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2358: 2349: 2348: 2330: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2295:(3rd ed.). 2284: 2278: 2277: 2260:Myers, Eugene N. 2256: 2250: 2249: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2212: 2201: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2154:Der Anaesthesist 2148: 2142: 2141: 2110:The Laryngoscope 2105: 2099: 2098: 2067:The Laryngoscope 2062: 2056: 2055: 2027: 2021: 2020: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1947: 1937: 1913: 1907: 1906: 1862: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1809: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1768: 1736: 1725: 1724: 1714: 1704: 1680: 1667: 1666: 1630: 1617: 1616: 1606: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1549: 1525: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1502:. 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Archived from 1144: 1135: 1134: 1126: 1110:Melissa McCarthy 988: 981: 977: 974: 968: 937: 929: 919:Morell Mackenzie 895:Armand Trousseau 836:Nicholas Habicot 763:Andreas Vesalius 230: 229: 226: 225: 222: 219: 216: 213: 210: 202: 198: 197: 194: 193: 190: 187: 184: 181: 178: 175: 172: 169: 166: 163: 160: 140:edit on Wikidata 132: 118: 81:5 – Balloon cuff 51: 39: 38: 21: 3720: 3719: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3710: 3709: 3705:Trachea surgery 3675: 3674: 3673: 3664: 3601: 3550: 3534: 3506: 3463: 3440: 3408:Medical imaging 3391: 3380:Mediastinoscopy 3320: 3315: 3302: 3288:Transplantation 3283:Wedge resection 3208: 3088: 3082: 3052: 3001:Wayback Machine 2965: 2960: 2910: 2908:Further reading 2905: 2904: 2894: 2892: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2852: 2848: 2838: 2836: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2792:(1022): 163–5. 2775: 2771: 2740:(1021): 122–4. 2726: 2722: 2704: 2700: 2680:Snow J (1858). 2678: 2674: 2656: 2652: 2634: 2630: 2617:(1–2): 133–40. 2607: 2603: 2566:Medical History 2558: 2554: 2539: 2535: 2490: 2486: 2473: 2469: 2445: 2441: 2430: 2423: 2392:(5179): 113–5. 2378: 2374: 2359: 2352: 2328: 2322: 2318: 2311: 2285: 2281: 2274: 2257: 2253: 2230: 2226: 2216: 2214: 2213:on 1 April 2017 2210: 2199: 2193: 2189: 2149: 2145: 2106: 2102: 2063: 2059: 2028: 2024: 2003:(5): 1595–602. 1992: 1988: 1965: 1961: 1914: 1910: 1863: 1856: 1827: 1823: 1786: 1782: 1751:(16): 273–279. 1737: 1728: 1702:10.1186/cc13085 1681: 1670: 1631: 1620: 1575: 1571: 1526: 1519: 1509: 1507: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1466: 1462: 1423: 1419: 1412: 1398: 1391: 1384: 1370: 1363: 1332: 1328: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1239: 1235: 1203: 1199: 1186: 1182: 1171: 1164: 1159:on 17 May 2008. 1145: 1138: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1050:Stephen Hawking 1038: 989: 978: 972: 969: 954: 938: 927: 911:William Macewen 883: 843:performed on a 840:Duke of Nemours 804:obstruction by 783:barber surgeons 773:(1490–1554) of 740: 709:Kitab al-Tasrif 692: 645: 643:Ancient history 632: 525: 513: 500: 495: 470: 459: 404:tracheal toilet 336: 287:comes from two 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3199: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3177: 3169: 3168: 3163: 3161: 3153: 3152: 3147: 3145:Rhinomanometry 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3115: 3107: 3105: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3081: 3080: 3073: 3066: 3058: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3003: 2991: 2990:at drtbalu.com 2985: 2979: 2973: 2966: 2964: 2963:External links 2961: 2959: 2958: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2902: 2872: 2846: 2821: 2769: 2720: 2698: 2692:–200, 251–62. 2672: 2650: 2628: 2601: 2552: 2533: 2484: 2467: 2439: 2421: 2372: 2350: 2316: 2309: 2279: 2272: 2251: 2240:(4): 507–514. 2224: 2187: 2143: 2100: 2057: 2022: 1986: 1959: 1908: 1873:(3): 617–628. 1854: 1841:(2): 800–806. 1821: 1780: 1726: 1668: 1641:(9): 1008–12. 1618: 1579:"On enactment" 1569: 1517: 1487: 1460: 1417: 1410: 1389: 1382: 1361: 1326: 1283: 1274: 1233: 1197: 1180: 1175:"Tracheostomy" 1162: 1136: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1102:Sandra Bullock 1091:cricothyrotomy 1074:George Michael 1070:Gabby Giffords 1037: 1034: 991: 990: 941: 939: 932: 926: 923: 882: 879: 806:foreign bodies 739: 736: 696:Paul of Aegina 691: 690:Medieval world 688: 657:carotid artery 644: 641: 631: 628: 524: 521: 512: 509: 499: 496: 494: 491: 469: 466: 458: 455: 381:cricothyrotomy 353: 352: 349: 346: 343: 335: 332: 268: 265: 145: 144: 137: 134: 133: 126: 120: 119: 112: 106: 105: 100: 94: 93: 90: 84: 83: 77:Tracheal rings 52: 44: 43: 32:Cricothyrotomy 26: 18:Tracheostomies 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3717: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3700:Sleep surgery 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3416:Bronchography 3414: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3402: 3398: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3344:Thoracentesis 3342: 3340: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3318: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3293:Decortication 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3273:Pneumonectomy 3271: 3269: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3079: 3074: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3060: 3059: 3056: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3006:"Tracheotomy" 3004: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2876: 2861: 2857: 2850: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2780:(July 1880). 2779: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2716: 2713:(in German). 2712: 2708: 2702: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2676: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2613:(in German). 2612: 2605: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2529: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2488: 2480: 2479: 2471: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2443: 2435: 2428: 2426: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2376: 2368: 2364: 2357: 2355: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2327: 2320: 2312: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2289:"Unani-tibbi" 2283: 2275: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2255: 2247: 2243: 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