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463:. Spain under Philip V signed separate peace treaties with Savoy and Great Britain at Utrecht on 13 July. Negotiations at Utrecht dragged on into the next year, for the peace treaty between Spain and the Netherlands was only signed on 26 June 1714 and that between Spain and Portugal on 6 February 1715.
1217:
noted: "The finances of the country were based in May 1711 on the assumption that the
Asiento, or monopoly of the slave trade with Spanish America, would be wrested from France as an integral part of the terms of peace". Following the passage of the treaty, the British government gained a thirty-year
1706:
Britain had shaped Europe in her interests at the Treaty of
Utrecht in 1713. It soon became clear, however, that she had designed a system to deal with past threats, principally from France, rather than those of the future. The new challenges came first from Spain, which was unreconciled to the loss
1672:
While the final settlement at
Utrecht was far more favourable to France than the Allied offer of 1709 had been, it gained little that had not already been achieved through diplomacy by February 1701. Though France remained a great power, concern at its relative decline in military and economic terms
1534:
The Treaty stipulated that "because of the great danger which threatened the liberty and safety of all Europe, from the too close conjunction of the kingdoms of Spain and France, ... one and the same person should never become King of both kingdoms". Some historians argue this makes it a significant
434:
With Great
Britain, France and Spain having agreed to a "suspension of arms" (armistice) covering Spain on 19 August in Paris, the pace of negotiation quickened. The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by the truce between France and Savoy
1984:
Drescher: JANCAST (p. 451): "Jewish mercantile influence in the politics of the
Atlantic slave trade probably reached its peak in the opening years of the eighteenth century ... the political and the economic prospects of Dutch Sephardic capitalists rapidly faded, however, when the British emerged
1693:
That Treaty, which ushered in the stable and characteristic period of
Eighteenth-Century civilization, marked the end of danger to Europe from the old French monarchy, and it marked a change of no less significance to the world at large, – the maritime, commercial and financial supremacy of Great
1569:
For the individual signatories, Britain established naval superiority over its competitors, commercial access to Spain and
America, and control of Menorca and Gibraltar; it retains the latter territory to this day. France accepted the Protestant succession on the British throne, ensuring a smooth
1647:
taking place in its maritime provinces in Italy. Austria had traditionally relied on naval support from the Dutch, whose own capability had been severely degraded; Britain prevented the loss of Sicily and Naples in 1718 but refused to do so again in 1734. The dispute continued to loosen
Habsburg
2780:
Ruhe des jetzt lebenden Europa
Dargestellet in Sammlung der neuesten Europaeischen Friedens-Schlüße, Wie dieselbe unter Regierung ... Käyser Carl des VI. Von den Utrechtischen an biY auf dieses 1726te Jahr zum Vorschein gekommen; Dem Original-Text nach emendat und zuverläßig nebst guter und
1655:
The Dutch
Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power. The acquisition of the
2781:
verbesserter Ubersetzung der mehresten StĂĽcke auch kurtzen Inhalt und Summarien Wie nicht weniger mit RemiĂźionen, Anmerckungen und Registern ... Als ein politisches Manual-Buch ausgefertiget. Erste und Andere Abtheilung: Die Ruhe gegen Frankreich und Spanien enthaltend
297:
of France) to keep the Spanish throne in return for permanently renouncing his claim to the French throne, along with other necessary guarantees that would ensure that France and Spain should not merge, thus preserving the balance of power in Europe.
774:
1660:
however became an important asset of Dutch foreign policy and enlarged their sphere of influence. Although judged favourably by contemporaries, it was later argued that the barrier proved to be largely illusory when put to the test during the
1425:. The Whigs were now a minority in the house, but still pushing their anti-peace agenda. The whigs opposed peace every step of the way. The Whigs even called the treaty a sellout for letting the duke of Anjou stay on the Spanish throne.
466:
Several other treaties came out of the congress of Utrecht. France signed treaties of commerce and navigation with Great Britain and the Netherlands (11 April 1713). Great Britain signed a like treaty with Spain (9 December 1713).
1593:
Spain retained the majority of its Empire and recovered remarkably quickly; the recapture of Naples and Sicily in 1718 was only prevented by British naval power and a second attempt was successful in 1734. The 1707, 1715 and 1716
431:. One of the first questions discussed was the nature of the guarantees to be given by France and Spain that their crowns would be kept separate, and little progress was made until 10 July 1712, when Philip signed a renunciation.
1196:, allowing French slave traders to supply 5,000 slaves to the Spanish Empire each year; France had gained control over this contract after Philip V had become King of Spain. After the British government gained access to the
1941:
1665:. The Dutch had in any case successfully defended their positions in the Southern Netherlands and their troops were central in the alliance which halted French territorial expansion in Europe until a new cycle began in
1455:
proved more flexible at the bargaining table and were characterized by the Whigs as "pro-French"; Oxford and Bolingbroke persuaded the Queen to create twelve new "Tory peers" to ensure ratification of the treaty in the
1208:
was established in hopes of gaining exclusive access to the contract. The British government sought to reduce its debt by increasing the volume of trade it had with Spain, which required gaining access to the
263:
1473:
in particular was of interest to the United Provinces, Dutch influence on the outcome of the negotiations was fairly insignificant, even though the talks were held on their territory. The French negotiator
258:
1135:
to remain as king. In return, Philip renounced the French throne, both for himself and his descendants, with reciprocal renunciations by French Bourbons to the Spanish throne, including Louis XIV's nephew
2923:
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden als grote mogendheid: Buitenlandse politiek en oorlogvoering in de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw en in het bijzonder tijdens de Oostenrijkse Successieoorlog
743:
608:
739:
670:
2272:, Lords Compton (Northampton) and Bruce (Ailesbury), and ten recruits, namely Lords Hay (Kinnoull), Mountjoy, Burton (Paget), Mansell, Middleton, Trevor, Lansdowne, Masham, Foley, and Bathurst.
1417:
in Britain would have liked, considering that the French had made overtures for peace in 1706 and again in 1709. The Whigs considered themselves the heirs of the staunch anti-French policies of
370:
289:
between April 1713 and February 1715. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne of Spain, and involved much of Europe for over a decade. Essentially, the treaties allowed
1255:
in return for Catalonia's support for the Allies during the war, Spain only agreed to grant an amnesty, thus implying the imposition of the laws and institutions of Castile to the
415:
refused to do so until he was assured that the preliminaries were not binding. This assurance was given, and so in February the Imperial representatives made their appearance. As
504:
1147:
Great Britain was the main beneficiary; Utrecht marked the point at which it became the primary European commercial power. In Article X, Spain ceded the strategic ports of
874:
3532:
1620:
Despite failure in Spain, Austria secured its position in Italy and Hungary, allowing it to continue expansion into areas of South-East Europe previously held by the
581:
325:, helped end the war. The treaties were concluded between the representatives of Louis XIV of France and of his grandson Philip on one hand, and representatives of
3605:
878:
4394:
404:
1229:, block up the port and demolish the sluices that scour the harbour, shall never be reconstructed". This was because Dunkirk was the primary base for French
3268:
2140:
1482:, meaning that negotiations would be held "about you, around you, without you". The fact that Bolingbroke had secretly ordered the British commander,
3081:
3926:
3610:
1225:
The importance placed by British negotiators on commercial interests was demonstrated by their demand for France to "level the fortifications of
4414:
3786:
3351:
1901:
1448:
513:
1632:
funded a significant upgrade of the Austrian military. However, these gains were diminished by various factors, chiefly the disruption of the
933:
4186:
1793:
Articles preliminaires accordez & promis per le Roi T.C. pour servir de fondement aux Negociations de Geertruydenberg. Le 2. Janvier 1710
3246:
3068:
1536:
639:
635:
346:
4404:
2979:
1515:
51:
First edition of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain in Spanish (left) and a later edition in Latin and English.
341:
on the other. Though the king of France ensured the Spanish crown for his dynasty, the treaties marked the end of French ambitions of
3478:
176:
4038:
3841:
4489:
4474:
4429:
4424:
4419:
1574:. While the war left all participants with unprecedented levels of government debt, only Great Britain successfully financed it.
1452:
1422:
1864:
447:. The main treaties of peace followed on 11 April 1713. These were five separate treaties between France and Great Britain, the
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Attempts to ensure its succession involved Austria in wars of little strategic value; much of the fighting in the 1733–1735
3199:
3018:
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1429:
1173:
391:. The preliminaries were based on a tacit acceptance of the partition of Spain's European possessions. Following this, the
375:
1848:
1577:
4439:
4389:
4235:
4215:
4063:
3969:
3576:
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1259:, as it already happened in 1707 to the other occupied kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon. Spanish territories in Italy and
485:
408:
338:
160:
4434:
4159:
4068:
3754:
3379:
3273:
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1490:(informing the French but not the Allies), and the fact that they secretly arrived at separate peace with France was a
31:
1942:"Rethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, The British Empire and the Atlantic World in the 17th and 18th Centuries"
4245:
4073:
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3449:
3444:
3221:
2846:
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2554:
2434:
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17:
1971:
1648:
control over the Empire; Bavaria, Hanover, Prussia and Saxony increasingly acted as independent powers and in 1742,
4409:
4203:
4123:
4045:
3194:
1803:
1433:
1334:
was also ceded in its entirety to Britain. France retained its other pre-war North American possessions, including
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3821:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
2144:
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1414:
3119:
1233:, as it was possible to reach the North Sea in a single tide and escape British patrols in the English Channel.
1137:
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in Europe expressed in the continuous wars of Louis XIV, and paved the way to the European system based on the
154:
142:
520:, in black coat, The Secretaries, in blue and yellow coats and the Count of Tarouca, crouched, in brown coat.
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3101:
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895:
533:
396:
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63:
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1140:. These became increasingly important after a series of deaths between 1712 and 1714 left the five year old
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130:
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in modern Uruguay to Portugal and recognised Portuguese sovereignty over the lands between the Amazon and
4250:
4128:
3781:
3738:
3494:
3022:
2294:
The State Policy of Modern Europe from the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century to the Present Time. Vol. I
508:
Signature of the Treaty of Utrecht between Portugal and Spain, in the Maliebaan, on 6 February 1715. The
435:
on 14 March 1713. That same day, Spain, Great Britain, France and the Empire agreed to the evacuation of
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918:
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3630:
3466:
3394:
3359:
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3063:
3033:
2397:"The Origins of National Debt: The Financing and Re-financing of the War of the Spanish Succession"
1102:
1074:
1065:
1046:
1023:
1000:
928:
729:
598:
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306:
125:
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Minorca, the Illusory Prize: A History of the British Occupations of Minorca Between 1708 and 1802
1877:
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1005:
1806:
Strafford was hauled before a committee of Parliament for his part in the treaty, which the
612:
3882:
3864:
3771:
3728:
3683:
3571:
3326:
3189:
3043:
3002:
2269:
1629:
1595:
1558:. The idea was reflected in the wording of the treaties and resurfaced after the defeat of
1499:
1475:
1382:
1185:
509:
419:
was not yet recognized as its king, Spain did not at first send plenipotentiaries, but the
1570:
transition when Anne died in August 1714, and ended its support for the Stuarts under the
8:
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2609:
Regeneration and Hegemony: Franco-Batavian Relations in the Revolutionary Era 1795–1803
2467:
2201:
2071:
1895:
1610:
1378:
1335:
954:
683:
412:
334:
164:
149:
2325:, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198730721 hardback, ISBN 0198207344 paperback, p. 978
387:
had come to terms in October 1711, when the preliminaries of peace had been signed in
4335:
4282:
4023:
4018:
3316:
3211:
3113:
3109:
3053:
2947:
2927:
2907:
2900:
De Veertigjarige Oorlog 1672–1712: de strijd van de Nederlanders tegen de Zonnekoning
2856:
2842:
2823:
2811:
2804:
2796:
2743:
2705:
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2525:
2500:
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2455:
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2396:
2375:
2249:
2224:
2181:
2119:
2094:
1920:
1825:
1761:
1602:
1563:
1494:, made the objections of the Allies pointless. In any case, the Dutch achieved their
1350:
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1205:
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1125:
1079:
995:
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949:
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688:
661:
630:
603:
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310:
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137:
117:
101:
2954:
website, with particular focus on the renunciations and their later reconfirmations.
2771:
4340:
4272:
4028:
3986:
3456:
3374:
3311:
3296:
2549:. Vol. 7: The Old Regime, 1713–1763. Cambridge University Press. p. 420.
2063:
1543:
1520:
1487:
1323:
1189:
234:
209:
2273:
1969:
517:
428:
3706:
2887:
2882:
History of England, Comprising the Reign of Queen Anne until the Peace of Utrecht
2778:
2318:
2280:
1686:
1440:, and they wished for an end to Great Britain's participation in a European war.
219:
214:
46:
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113:
87:
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1018:
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769:
734:
576:
420:
384:
3127:
3048:
2054:
Moore, John Robert (1950). "Defoe, Steele, and the Demolition of Dunkirk".
1722:
1551:
1394:
1386:
278:
2950:
Brief discussion and extracts of the various treaties on François Velde's
1617:, although Catalonia and Aragon retained some of these rights until 1767.
3588:
3301:
2572:
The Road to Utrecht in Britain, Spain and the Treaty of Utrecht 1713–2013
1727:
1460:. The opponents of the treaty tried to rally support under the slogan of
1402:
1331:
1327:
1315:
1236:
448:
1972:"Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain"
3766:
2459:
2274:
David Backhouse, "Tory Tergiversation In The House of Lords, 1714–1760"
2075:
1535:
milestone in the evolution of the modern nation state and concept of a
1307:
1247:, some French forts listed were not built until thirty years after 1713
264:
Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain
249:
2178:
Culloden; Scotland's Last Battle and the Forging of the British Empire
259:
Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain
3157:
2988:
1636:
caused by Charles disinheriting his nieces in favour of his daughter
1398:
1230:
1148:
440:
436:
366:
294:
106:
2904:
The 40 Years' War 1672–1712: the Dutch struggle against the Sun King
2067:
361:
Europe in 1701 at the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession
3135:
2957:
1559:
1377:. Note that New England was at this time depicted as bordering the
1311:
1284:
1260:
1141:
460:
342:
1970:
Anne, Queen of Great Britain; King Philip V of Spain (July 1713).
1550:, it was widely publicised in Britain by author and Tory satirist
1342:, then the most expensive military installation in North America.
395:
opened on 29 January 1712, with the British representatives being
3991:
2163:"A Collection of Treaties Between Great Britain and Other Powers"
1390:
1296:
1226:
1152:
889:
Navigation, commerce and other treaties of Utrecht and elsewhere
456:
357:
286:
83:
27:
1713–1715 peace treaties ending the War of the Spanish Succession
1585:
reduced Austria's gains from the war, and ultimately led to the
1251:
Under Article XIII and, despite the British demands to preserve
2374:(First ed.). Manchester University Press. pp. 93–95.
1300:
1268:
388:
2740:
Britain's Europe: A Thousand Years of Conflict and Cooperation
1120:
1451:(created Earl of Oxford and Mortimer on 23 May 1711) and the
1413:
The treaty's territorial provisions did not go as far as the
452:
444:
224:
2784:(in German). Coburg: Paul GĂĽnther Pfotenhauer. p. 1044
2650:
2323:
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806
2309:, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0226106365, pp. 954–955
2223:(3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell. p. 363.
1601:
abolished regional political structures in the kingdoms of
1188:
itself, preferring to outsource this to foreign merchants.
479:
Participants in the War of the Spanish Succession in 1703.
2801:
Marlborough: His Life and Times, Bk. 2, vols. iii & iv
2588:
2495:(1980 ed.). University of California Press. pp.
1124:
Western Europe in 1714, after the Treaties of Utrecht and
3746:
2636:(2011 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 57.
2634:
The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, Volume 2
2395:
Carlos, Ann; Neal, Larry; Wandschneider, Kirsten (2006).
1652:
became the first non-Habsburg Emperor in over 300 years.
1168:, which referred to the monopoly contract granted by the
411:
accepted the preliminaries and sent representatives, but
2165:. Printed for J. Stockdale – via Internet Archive.
301:
The treaties between several European states, including
30:"Treaty of Utrecht" redirects here. For other uses, see
2394:
1369:
527:
Peace and friendship treaties of Utrecht and elsewhere
2454:(Kindle ed.). 4173–4181: Pen and Sword Military.
1357:, although terms were not agreed with Spain until the
512:
is visible in the background. From left to right: The
2296:, Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts, p. 166
1349:
finally induced Charles to sign the 1714 treaties of
3269:
Ornithological & Natural History Society (GONHS)
2334:
Article II, Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht.
1985:
with the asiento at the Peace of Utrecht in 1713".
1673:compared to Britain was an underlying cause of the
1038:Adjusted Commerce and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
2488:
2161:George Chalmers, Great Britain (24 January 1790).
1624:. Even after paying expenses associated with the
761:Peace, Alliance and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
4366:
3611:European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)
2700:. Modern Wars in Perspective. Longman. pp.
2113:
1486:, to withdraw from the Allied forces before the
1158:In a major coup for the British delegation, the
1094:Explanatory Peace and Commerce Treaty of Madrid
861:Adjusted Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
813:Adjusted Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
2828:"The peace of Utrecht and the balance of power"
2346:"The peace of Utrecht and the balance of power"
2160:
1849:"The Peace of Utrecht and the Balance of Power"
4395:Peace treaties of the Kingdom of Great Britain
2673:(3rd ed.). Wiley Blackwell. p. 364.
1760:(3rd ed.). Wiley Blackwell. p. 362.
1373:North America in 1760, immediately before the
1172:to other European nations to supply slaves to
2973:
2737:
1819:
1287:, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan went to
1131:The Peace confirmed the Bourbon candidate as
2920:
2897:
2656:
2594:
2570:Elliott, John (2014). Dadson, Trevor (ed.).
2372:The Jacobites: Britain and Europe, 1688–1788
1397:occupied much of the region to the south of
1364:
1306:In North America, France recognised British
2429:. Princeton University Press. p. 591.
2268:The twelve peers consisted of two who were
2139:Campos, Luciano Rodrigues (21 April 2007).
2116:La Guerra de Sucesión en España (1700–1714)
2007:Africa, Its Geography, People, and Products
1875:
1822:The War of the Spanish Succession 1701–1714
1566:that dominated Europe in the 19th century.
1478:taunted the Dutch with the scathing remark
347:balance of power in international relations
2980:
2966:
2491:A History of the Habsburg Empire 1526–1918
2404:International Economic History Association
1900:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1516:Balance of power (international relations)
992:Navigation and Commerce Treaty of Utrecht
969:Navigation and Commerce Treaty of Utrecht
558:Convention for the Evacuation of Catalonia
3479:Political development in modern Gibraltar
1879:Verslagen omtrent 's rijks oude Archieven
1444:and her advisors had also come to agree.
2853:History of European diplomacy, 1451–1789
2522:The War of Austrian Succession 1740–1748
2519:
2424:
2343:
2202:"Treaties of Utrecht – European history"
1914:
1576:
1519:
1368:
1235:
1200:, the economic prominence held by Dutch
1180:had come about due to the fact that the
1119:
888:
526:
503:
474:
356:
4152:
2766:Bruin, Renger and Cornelis Haven, eds.
2668:
2569:
2544:
2449:
2243:
2218:
2156:
2154:
2088:
1755:
1423:John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
1115:
726:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
595:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht
14:
4367:
2776:
2606:
2369:
2344:Lesaffer, Randall (10 November 2014).
2138:
1843:
1841:
1813:
1015:Preliminary Commerce Treaty of Madrid
3862:
3681:
3419:
3169:
3000:
2961:
2839:The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714
2175:
2053:
1204:slaveowners began to fade, while the
560:and the Armistice in Italy (Utrecht)
371:peace negotiations in Geertruidenberg
4323:
2987:
2894:. 3 volumes. Longmans, Green and co.
2693:
2631:
2486:
2151:
177:States General of the Dutch Republic
4415:Peace treaties of the Ancien RĂ©gime
4347:
2820:(Associated University Press, 1990)
2768:Performances of Peace: Utrecht 1713
2270:summoned in their father's baronies
1997:Vol III, by G. M. Trevelyan, p. 123
1917:Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion
1838:
1810:considered not advantageous enough.
1447:The party in the administration of
1291:. In South America, Spain returned
1035:9 December 1713 (28 November 1713)
339:United Provinces of the Netherlands
24:
3755:Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation
2114:Albareda SalvadĂł, Joaquim (2010).
1939:
1628:, increased tax revenues from the
915:30 January 1713 (19 January 1713)
331:King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
281:signed by the belligerents in the
32:Treaty of Utrecht (disambiguation)
25:
4506:
4405:Peace treaties of the Netherlands
4074:Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned
3942:Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar
2941:
2926:(in Dutch). De Bataafsche Leeuw.
2777:Christ, Johann Friedrich (1726).
2611:. Martinus Nijhoff. p. 148.
2452:The War of the Spanish Succession
1556:A Review of the Affairs of France
1162:emerged from the treaty with the
1144:as his great-grandfather's heir.
4346:
4334:
4322:
4311:
4310:
3200:Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault
3156:
2948:"The Treaties of Utrecht (1713)"
2697:The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714
2547:The New Cambridge Modern History
2248:. Wiley Blackwell. p. 362.
2044:by Oliver Perry Chitwood, p. 345
1525:Allegory of the Peace of Utrecht
1385:occupied the geographic area of
1253:Catalan constitutions and rights
1174:Spain's colonies in the Americas
405:Thomas Wentworth, Lord Strafford
244:
183:
170:
159:
148:
136:
124:
112:
100:
45:
2803:. University of Chicago Press.
2760:
2731:
2718:
2687:
2662:
2632:Ward, Adolphus William (1922).
2625:
2600:
2563:
2538:
2513:
2480:
2443:
2418:
2388:
2363:
2337:
2328:
2312:
2307:Marlborough: His Life and Times
2299:
2286:
2262:
2237:
2212:
2194:
2169:
2132:
2107:
2093:. Continnuum-3PL. p. 233.
2082:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2019:Slavery and Augustan Literature
2012:
2000:
1988:
1978:
1963:
1933:
1865:Oxford Public International Law
1853:Oxford Public International Law
1192:France had previously held the
919:Second Barrier Treaty (Utrecht)
352:
4490:Frederick William I of Prussia
4475:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
4430:Treaties of the Spanish Empire
4425:Treaties of the Dutch Republic
4420:Treaties of the Duchy of Savoy
3523:Black Swan Project controversy
2906:] (in Dutch). Prometheus.
2872:Vol. 1 The Reign of Queen Anne
2726:A shortened history of England
2671:Early Modern England 1485-1714
2246:Early Modern England 1485–1714
2221:Early Modern England 1485–1714
2180:. Little, Brown. p. 148.
1908:
1869:
1858:
1824:. Pen and Sword. p. 205.
1796:
1787:
1774:
1758:Early Modern England 1485–1714
1749:
1680:
1675:War of the Austrian Succession
1587:War of the Austrian Succession
1548:Essays on the Balance of Power
1066:Third Barrier Treaty (Antwerp)
989:11 April 1713 (31 March 1713)
592:11 April 1713 (31 March 1713)
155:Frederick William I of Prussia
13:
1:
4380:War of the Spanish Succession
4039:Cathedral of the Holy Trinity
3170:
3059:Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar
2524:. Routledge. pp. 10–11.
2091:Corsairs and Navies 1600–1760
2042:A History of Colonial America
1974:. pp. Articles X and XI.
1919:. Harper Press. p. 470.
1782:A History of the Modern World
1742:
1480:de vous, chez vous, sans vous
1241:
369:of France agreed to commence
283:War of the Spanish Succession
190:Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
64:War of the Spanish Succession
4485:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
4084:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
3893:Bayside Comprehensive School
3420:
2427:An Economic History of Spain
2118:. Ed. CrĂtica. p. 344.
2056:Huntington Library Quarterly
1734:Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate
1718:Disputed status of Gibraltar
1645:War of the Polish Succession
1509:
1405:had not yet been divided by
7:
3863:
3842:Vehicle registration plates
3782:Royal Gibraltar Post Office
3682:
3001:
2921:Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2002).
2898:Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2020).
1711:
1707:of its Mediterranean lands.
1581:Ensuring the succession of
1542:First mentioned in 1701 by
723:13 July 1713 (2 July 1713)
470:
327:Queen Anne of Great Britain
10:
4511:
4440:1713 in the Dutch Republic
3787:postage stamps and history
2832:Oxford Historical Treaties
1663:War of Austrian Succession
1634:Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
1513:
1436:had gained control of the
1347:Rhineland campaign of 1713
29:
4435:History of Utrecht (city)
4306:
4263:
4231:
4143:
4117:Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque
4099:
4011:
4002:
3950:
3875:
3871:
3858:
3812:
3737:
3694:
3690:
3677:
3646:Napier of Magdala Battery
3621:
3513:
3487:
3432:
3428:
3415:
3350:
3289:
3282:
3220:
3182:
3178:
3165:
3154:
3014:Neanderthals in Gibraltar
3009:
2996:
2867:Bolingbroke And His Times
2855:(1928) pp. 141–154;
2742:. Penguin Books Limited.
2141:"O Arbitramento No Amapá"
1615:Principality of Catalonia
1469:Although the fate of the
1365:Responses to the treaties
1257:Principality of Catalonia
1186:transatlantic slave trade
255:
242:
198:
93:
79:
71:
56:
44:
40:Peace (Treaty) of Utrecht
3661:Royal Gibraltar Regiment
3636:Gibraltar Defence Police
3631:British Forces Gibraltar
3034:First Siege of Gibraltar
2892:England Under Queen Anne
2669:Bocholz, Robert (2020).
2607:Kubben, Raymond (2011).
2574:. Routledge. p. 8.
2520:Anderson, M. S. (1995).
2472:: CS1 maint: location (
2425:Vives Vi, Jaime (1969).
2244:Bucholz, Robert (2020).
2219:Bucholz, Robert (2020).
1995:England Under Queen Anne
1756:Bucholz, Robert (2020).
1572:1716 Anglo-French Treaty
1359:1720 Treaty of The Hague
1326:. The French portion of
703:Peace Treaty of Utrecht
680:Peace Treaty of Utrecht
653:Peace Treaty of Utrecht
622:Peace Treaty of Utrecht
365:On 2 January 1710, king
4410:Peace treaties of Spain
3903:University of Gibraltar
3589:Sovereignty referendums
3247:Reptiles and amphibians
2812:online abridged edition
2545:Lindsay, J. O. (1957).
2487:Kann, Robert A (1974).
2450:Falkner, James (2015).
2370:Szechi, Daniel (1994).
2206:Encyclopædia Britannica
2089:Bromley, J. S. (1987).
1915:Somerset, Anne (2012).
896:New Style / (Old Style)
789:Peace Treaty of Rastatt
534:New Style / (Old Style)
493: France and allies
335:King John V of Portugal
285:, in the Dutch city of
4390:Gibraltar–Spain border
3832:Gibraltar–Spain border
3656:Royal Gibraltar Police
3395:St. Bernard's Hospital
3380:King George V Hospital
3069:George Augustus Eliott
2738:Brendan Simms (2016).
2305:Churchill, W. (2002).
2176:Royle, Trevor (2016).
2030:Capitalism and Slavery
2009:, by W. E. B. Du Bois
1820:James Falkner (2015).
1709:
1696:
1685:The British historian
1590:
1531:
1502:with the Austro-Dutch
1463:No Peace Without Spain
1419:William III of England
1410:
1345:The successful French
1340:Fortress of Louisbourg
1248:
1184:rarely engaged in the
1128:
521:
501:
362:
4455:1713 in Great Britain
3837:Shipping in Gibraltar
3102:Explosion of the RFA
2837:Lynn, John A (1999).
1882:(in Dutch). The Hague
1784:2nd ed. 1961, p. 234.
1738:composition by Handel
1704:
1698:The British academic
1691:
1580:
1523:
1372:
1338:, where it built the
1293:ColĂłnia do Sacramento
1239:
1123:
837:Peace Treaty of Baden
748:Spanish/Latin/English
507:
478:
360:
131:Anne of Great Britain
4375:History of Gibraltar
4246:Records in athletics
4221:Campo Gibraltar RUFC
4199:Football Association
4048:(Church of Scotland)
4046:St. Andrew's Church
3777:Regulatory Authority
3097:Maltese in Gibraltar
3092:Genoese in Gibraltar
3044:Capture of Gibraltar
2869:, 2 vols. (1901–02)
2279:28 June 2006 at the
1876:Netherlands (1893).
1630:Austrian Netherlands
1554:in his 1709 article
1500:Austrian Netherlands
1476:Melchior de Polignac
1453:Viscount Bolingbroke
1383:Province of New York
1116:Principal provisions
499: Neutral states
3977:Gibraltarian status
3761:Gibraltar Chronicle
3332:Strait of Gibraltar
3256:Iberis gibraltarica
3039:Battle of Gibraltar
3029:Pillars of Hercules
2694:Lynn, John (1999).
1484:the Duke of Ormonde
1471:Spanish Netherlands
1322:and territories in
1277:Spanish Netherlands
1263:were divided, with
1138:Philippe of Orléans
427:was represented by
425:Kingdom of Portugal
393:Congress of Utrecht
41:
4236:Commonwealth Games
4091:Trafalgar Cemetery
4079:Our Lady of Europe
3920:LlĂ©vame Donde NacĂ
3641:Gibraltar Squadron
3440:Constitution Order
3322:St. Michael's Cave
2834:10 Nov 1914 online
2816:Gregory, Desmond:
2797:Churchill, Winston
2292:Szabo, I. (1857).
1949:Warwick University
1847:Randall Lesaffer,
1689:has argued that:
1658:Barrier Fortresses
1650:Charles of Bavaria
1591:
1532:
1430:Parliament of 1710
1411:
1379:St. Lawrence River
1336:Cape Breton Island
1318:and its claims to
1289:Emperor Charles VI
1249:
1170:Spanish government
1160:British government
1129:
946:Treaty of Utrecht
522:
502:
423:sent one, and the
413:Emperor Charles VI
407:. Reluctantly the
363:
293:(grandson of King
165:John V of Portugal
143:Emperor Charles VI
39:
4495:Philip V of Spain
4450:1713 in Gibraltar
4362:
4361:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4259:
4258:
4139:
4138:
4059:Roman Catholicism
4024:Diocese in Europe
3854:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3804:Telephone numbers
3749:(Internet domain)
3673:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3584:Political parties
3411:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3317:Rock of Gibraltar
3212:Iberian Peninsula
3152:
3151:
3114:Death on the Rock
3110:Operation Flavius
3054:Treaty of Utrecht
2933:978-90-6707-540-4
2913:978-90-446-3871-4
2859:pp. 165–182.
2851:Mowat, Robert B.
2824:Lesaffer, Randall
2711:978-0-582-05629-9
2680:978-1-118-53222-5
2657:Van Nimwegen 2020
2618:978-90-04-18558-6
2595:Van Nimwegen 2002
2581:978-1-909662-22-3
2531:978-0-582-05950-4
2506:978-0-520-04206-3
2381:978-0-7190-3774-0
2125:978-84-9892-060-4
1564:Concert of Europe
1281:Kingdom of Naples
1271:and parts of the
1220:Asiento de Negros
1211:Asiento de Negros
1206:South Sea Company
1198:Asiento de Negros
1194:Asiento de Negros
1178:Asiento de Negros
1165:Asiento de Negros
1133:Philip V of Spain
1126:Treaty of Rastatt
1113:
1112:
1091:14 December 1715
1080:Holy Roman Empire
1062:15 November 1715
960:German (p. 91–96)
950:Holy Roman Empire
884:
883:
842:Holy Roman Empire
833:7 September 1714
564:Holy Roman Empire
401:Bishop of Bristol
271:
270:
118:Philip V of Spain
18:Treaty of Utrecht
16:(Redirected from
4502:
4470:Queen Anne's War
4460:1713 in Portugal
4350:
4349:
4338:
4326:
4325:
4314:
4313:
4251:Victoria Stadium
4150:
4149:
4049:
4034:Bishop suffragan
4009:
4008:
3873:
3872:
3860:
3859:
3750:
3692:
3691:
3679:
3678:
3430:
3429:
3417:
3416:
3375:Garrison Library
3297:Bay of Gibraltar
3287:
3286:
3259:
3240:Barbary macaques
3180:
3179:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3077:
2998:
2997:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2937:
2917:
2878:Stanhope, Philip
2793:
2791:
2789:
2754:
2753:
2735:
2729:
2724:G.M. Trevelyan,
2722:
2716:
2715:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2494:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2463:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2401:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2316:
2310:
2303:
2297:
2290:
2284:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2147:on 22 June 2008.
2143:. Archived from
2136:
2130:
2129:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1946:
1940:Pincus, Steven.
1937:
1931:
1930:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1817:
1811:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1753:
1544:Charles Davenant
1537:balance of power
1488:Battle of Denain
1438:House of Commons
1428:However, in the
1246:
1243:
1202:Sephardic Jewish
886:
885:
858:6 February 1715
794:Habsburg Austria
543:Anti-French side
524:
523:
498:
492:
483:
409:United Provinces
379:
277:was a series of
275:Peace of Utrecht
248:
247:
192:
188:
187:
175:
174:
163:
153:
152:
141:
140:
129:
128:
116:
105:
104:
49:
42:
38:
21:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4294:
4255:
4227:
4135:
4129:Great Synagogue
4095:
4047:
4029:Bishop diocesan
3998:
3946:
3937:Public holidays
3898:Westside School
3867:
3846:
3808:
3748:
3733:
3707:Gibraltar pound
3686:
3665:
3617:
3528:Disputed status
3509:
3483:
3424:
3399:
3346:
3278:
3264:Botanic Gardens
3253:
3216:
3174:
3161:
3148:
3075:
3074:Gibraltar real
3005:
2992:
2986:
2944:
2934:
2914:
2888:Trevelyan, G. M
2787:
2785:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2736:
2732:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2485:
2481:
2465:
2464:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2317:
2313:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2287:
2281:Wayback Machine
2267:
2263:
2256:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2217:
2213:
2208:. 4 April 2024.
2200:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2174:
2170:
2159:
2152:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2087:
2083:
2068:10.2307/3816138
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1927:
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1909:
1893:
1892:
1885:
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1801:
1797:
1792:
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1779:
1775:
1768:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1714:
1687:G. M. Trevelyan
1683:
1518:
1512:
1375:Treaty of Paris
1367:
1299:rivers, now in
1244:
1213:; as historian
1118:
1073:
671:French (Art. 8)
575:
566:
559:
516:, in red coat,
500:
496:
494:
490:
488:
481:
473:
373:
355:
245:
182:
181:
169:
147:
135:
123:
120:
99:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4508:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4445:1713 in France
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
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4119:
4109:
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4041:
4036:
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4015:
4013:
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3999:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3979:
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3973:
3972:
3967:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3927:Gibraltar Fair
3924:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3910:Miss Gibraltar
3907:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3885:
3879:
3877:
3869:
3868:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
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3789:
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3769:
3764:
3757:
3752:
3743:
3741:
3739:Communications
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:Stock Exchange
3716:
3715:
3714:
3704:
3698:
3696:
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3370:The Convent
3302:Catalan Bay
3222:Environment
3087:Nationality
3064:Great Siege
2924:(1740–1748)
2890:(1930–34).
2841:. Longman.
2410:6 September
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1681:Evaluations
1496:condominium
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1316:Nova Scotia
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449:Netherlands
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4385:New France
4369:Categories
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3767:Gibtelecom
3572:Parliament
3252:Candytuft
3076:(currency)
2460:B0189PTWZG
1743:References
1442:Queen Anne
1308:suzerainty
1267:receiving
1231:privateers
875:Portuguese
250:Wikisource
230:Portuguese
4480:Louis XIV
4054:Methodism
3982:Languages
3970:in the UK
3888:Education
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3814:Transport
3540:Elections
3365:City Hall
3327:Sandy Bay
3172:Geography
3129:New Flame
2989:Gibraltar
2952:Heraldica
2468:cite book
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1510:Aftermath
1506:of 1715.
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4317:Category
4194:Football
4153:By sport
4107:Hinduism
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3772:Panorama
3724:Taxation
3623:Military
3515:Politics
3500:Governor
3474:Passport
3422:Politics
3144:COVID-19
3139:incident
3131:incident
3123:incident
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3019:Timeline
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2788:15 March
2770:(2015).
2350:OUP Blog
2321:(1995),
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337:and the
321:and the
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3195:Geology
3190:Climate
3183:General
3003:History
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