132:
2998:
2919:
2951:
2887:
1019:
883:
843:
327:
172:
800:
2982:
208:
3933:
280:
2903:
747:. The Evens are very closely related to the Evenks by language and culture, and they likewise inhabit various parts of eastern Siberia. People who classify themselves as Evenks in the Russian census tend to live toward the west and toward the south of eastern Siberia, whereas people who classify themselves as Evens tend to live toward the east and toward the north of eastern Siberia, with some degree of overlap in the middle (notably, in certain parts of
2966:
343:
262:
244:
25:
655:
2935:
1207:
1175:
1147:
1111:
1083:
1051:
983:
951:
915:
311:
190:
226:
735:. (Evenks and Evens are also grouped as "Evenic". Their ethnonyms are only distinguished by a different suffix - -n for Even and -nkī for Evenkī; endonymically, they even use the same adjective for themselves - ǝwǝdī, meaning "Even" in the Even language and "Evenkī" in the Evenkī language.) The Evenks live in the
591:
Tungusic people on the Amur river like Udeghe, Ulchi and Nanai adopted
Chinese influences in their religion and clothing with Chinese dragons on ceremonial robes, scroll and spiral bird and monster mask designs, Chinese New Year, using silk and cotton, iron cooking pots, and heated homes from China.
3951:
Sukernik, Rem I.; Volodko, Natalia V.; Mazunin, Ilya O.; Eltsov, Nikolai P.; Dryomov, Stanislav V.; Starikovskaya, Elena B. (2012). "Mitochondrial Genome
Diversity in the Tubalar, Even, and Ulchi: Contribution to Prehistory of Native Siberians and Their Affinities to Native Americans".
1268:, compared to with other Tungusic peoples. The Manchu were therefore an exception to the coherent genetic structure of Tungusic-speaking populations, likely due to the large-scale population migrations and genetic admixtures with the Han Chinese in the past few hundred years.
3321:
Wang, Chuan-Chao; Yeh, Hui-Yuan; Popov, Alexander N.; Zhang, Hu-Qin; Matsumura, Hirofumi; Sirak, Kendra; Cheronet, Olivia; Kovalev, Alexey; Rohland, Nadin; Kim, Alexander M.; Mallick, Swapan; Bernardos, Rebecca; Tumen, Dashtseveg; Zhao, Jing; Liu, Yi-Chang (2021-03-18).
630:
The southern
Tungusic Manchu farming sedentary lifestyle was very different from the nomadic hunter gatherer forager lifestyle of their more northern Tungusic relatives like the Warka, which left the Qing state to attempt to make them sedentarize and farm like Manchus.
1253:) as a part of the hypothetical Altaic language family. However, recent data contradicts this because while West Liao River ancestry was found among the "macro-Altaic" Koreans and Japanese, it was absent among the "micro-Altaic" Tungusic and Mongolic populations.
4060:
1249:
Previous studies argued for a potential shared ancestry between
Tungusic, Mongolic, Turkic, Koreanic, and Japonic populations via Neolithic agriculturalist societies from Northeast China (e.g. the
1246:, which however have significant West Eurasian admixture. Tungusic peoples display the highest genetic affinity to Ancient Northeast Asians, represented by c. 7,000 and 13,000 year old specimens.
3558:
Xue, Yali; Zerjal, Tatiana; Bao, Weidong; Zhu, Suling; Shu, Qunfang; Xu, Jiujin; Du, Ruofu; Fu, Songbin; Li, Pu; Hurles, Matthew E.; Yang, Huanming; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2005).
3260:
Bradley, David. 2007. East and
Southeast Asia. In R. E. Asher & Christopher Moseley (eds.), Atlas of the world’s languages, 2nd edn., 159–209. London & New York:
3880:
Zhang, Xianpeng; He, Guanglin; Li, Wenhui; Wang, Yunfeng; Li, Xin; Chen, Ying; Qu, Quanying; Wang, Ying; Xi, Huanjiu; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Wen, Youfeng (2021-09-30).
638:
was expanding east across
Siberia, and into Tungusic-speaking lands, resulting in early border skirmishes with the Qing dynasty of China, leading up to the 1689
3990:; Osakovsky, Vladimir; Novgorodov, Innokentiy; Makarov, Sergey; Spitsyn, Victor; Butthof, Anne; Crawford, Michael; Wiebe, Victor; Whitten, Mark (2013-12-12).
3387:
Zhang, Xianpeng; He, Guanglin; Li, Wenhui; Wang, Yunfeng; Li, Xin; Chen, Ying; Qu, Quanying; Wang, Ying; Xi, Huanjiu; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Wen, Youfeng (2021).
3036:
779:
and may be considered as subgroups of the Evenk ethnicity, though the Solons and the
Khamnigans in particular have interacted closely with Mongolic peoples (
4210:
1382:
3992:"Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers"
3864:(2019), "Y-chromosomal analysis of clan structure of Kalmyks, the only European Mongol people, and their relationship to Oirat-Mongols of Inner Asia."
3645:"Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers"
4169:
2997:
2886:
3629:
2447:
283 samples from a mtDNA study of
Tungusic Evenks, Evens, and Udeges in Russia published in 2013, their main mtDNA haplogroups are :
4087:
3276:"Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity"
3704:"Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia"
2950:
3761:
Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Khoyt, Sanj; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Zakharov, Ilya (2013).
3506:
Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Park, Hwayong; Omoto, Keiichi; Harihara, Shinji; Stoneking, Mark; Horai, Satoshi (2006).
2981:
642:. The first published description of a Tungusic people to reach beyond Russia into the rest of Europe was by the Dutch traveler
89:
1230:
Full genome analyses on
Northern East Asian populations, including Tungusic peoples, revealed them to descend primarily from
61:
131:
3274:
He, Guang-Lin; Wang, Meng-Ge; Zou, Xing; Yeh, Hui-Yuan; Liu, Chang-Hui; Liu, Chao; Chen, Gang; Wang, Chuan-Chao (2023).
68:
3228:
3201:
2918:
576:
The
Tungusic expansion into Siberia displaced the indigenous Siberian languages, which are now grouped under the term
108:
42:
696:
and have been conquered by the expanding Manchu (Jurchen). Their language is mutually intelligible with Manchu. The
4289:
588:
in Central, East and Southeast Europe were of Tungusic origin or of partially Tungusic origin (as a ruling class).
75:
4284:
3610:
4080:
3174:
46:
3882:"Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China"
3389:"Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China"
2902:
549:'Tungusic'). This "chance similarity in modern pronunciation led to the once widely held assumption that the
387:
57:
2965:
612:
3024:
2235:
1995:
1925:
1639:
1567:
1497:
1427:
678:
616:
4279:
4073:
3223:. Studies in Environment and History (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 90.
3109:
Balanovska, E. V.; et al. (2018). "Demographic and Genetic Portraits of the Ulchi Population".
1284:
as well as other Northeastern Asian populations. Their primarily haplogroup is associated with the
1277:
471:
3220:
Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain: Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China's Borderlands
3082:
1231:
35:
461:
3243:
1403:
1398:
736:
3164:
662:"Tungusic" (Manchu-Tungus) peoples are divided into two main branches: northern and southern.
82:
3218:
3191:
3051:
861:
768:
379:
4003:
3815:
3715:
3656:
3335:
2934:
2862:
2821:
2806:
2765:
2749:
2695:
2641:
2521:
2467:
2431:
2415:
2399:
2383:
2368:
2353:
2338:
2323:
2308:
2293:
1185:
1157:
1121:
1093:
1061:
1029:
1001:
961:
925:
897:
3937:
3932:
3560:"Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times"
3508:"Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes"
8:
1234:, with varying degrees of admixture associated with agriculturalist populations from the
799:
639:
410:
4007:
3819:
3719:
3660:
3339:
3275:
3144:
Helimski, E. (2004). "Die Sprache(n) der Awaren: Die mandschu-tungusische Alternative".
4034:
3991:
3987:
3916:
3881:
3838:
3803:
3738:
3703:
3679:
3644:
3623:
3586:
3559:
3423:
3388:
3364:
3323:
3303:
3126:
2137:
2065:
1853:
1779:
1709:
430:
406:
383:
336:
300:
3612:Структура и филогеография генофонда коренного населения Сибири по маркерам Y-хромосомы
3472:
3447:
704:
are an offshoot of the Nanai. Other minor groups closely related to the Nanai are the
561:
It is generally suggested that the homeland of the Tungusic people is in northeastern
4214:
4039:
4021:
3969:
3921:
3903:
3843:
3784:
3743:
3684:
3591:
3529:
3477:
3428:
3410:
3369:
3351:
3307:
3295:
3224:
3197:
3170:
1408:
1387:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1344:
1337:
1301:
1289:
1285:
1260:, the largest Tungusic-speaking population, displays increased genetic affinity with
1250:
1217:
1189:
1125:
1065:
997:
965:
929:
635:
3802:
Di Cristofaro, J; Pennarun, E; Mazières, S; Myres, NM; Lin, AA; et al. (2013).
3130:
646:
in 1612. He passed along information from Russian reports after his stay in Moscow.
4029:
4011:
3961:
3911:
3893:
3833:
3823:
3774:
3733:
3723:
3674:
3664:
3581:
3571:
3519:
3467:
3459:
3418:
3400:
3359:
3343:
3287:
3169:(illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 214.
3118:
2893:
1349:
1281:
1239:
853:
608:
570:
521:
506:
446:
414:
402:
320:
304:
4016:
3828:
3669:
865:
721:
682:
604:
581:
3576:
4218:
4205:
3643:
Duggan, AT; Whitten, M; Wiebe, V; Crawford, M; Butthof, A; et al. (2013).
3347:
3249:
2243:
1243:
772:
748:
744:
717:
670:
585:
3898:
3524:
3507:
3405:
3122:
4273:
4228:
4222:
4177:
4122:
4025:
3907:
3728:
3414:
3355:
3299:
2925:
2262:
2234:
The maternal haplogroups of Tungusic peoples are primarily shared with other
1989:
1919:
1847:
1773:
1297:
1257:
1008:
832:
756:
727:
The northern branch is mostly formed by the closely related ethnic groups of
693:
666:
596:
577:
527:
496:
492:
285:
3868:
553:
were Tungusic in language. However, there is little basis for this theory."
4238:
4191:
4144:
4139:
4117:
4043:
3973:
3925:
3847:
3788:
3747:
3688:
3595:
3533:
3481:
3432:
3373:
3070:
2972:
2266:
2251:
1703:
1235:
1100:
1072:
972:
791:), and they are ethnographically quite distinct from the Evenks in Russia.
760:
713:
709:
697:
674:
3448:"The dual origin and Siberian affinities of Native American Y chromosomes"
3166:
A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990
3146:
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Manchu-Tungus Studies
401:
The Tungusic language family is divided into two main branches, Northern (
4248:
4243:
4233:
4185:
3779:
3763:"Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels"
3762:
2956:
2258:
2131:
2059:
1261:
1040:
872:
784:
705:
701:
689:
643:
620:
137:
1276:
Tungusic peoples display primarily paternal haplogroups associated with
3965:
3702:
Fedorova, Sardana A; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; et al. (2013).
3324:"Genomic insights into the formation of human populations in East Asia"
1293:
1196:
573:
suggests a date for the Micro-Altaic expansion predating 3500 BC.
566:
550:
3291:
1304:. 29/97 = 29.9% C-M86 in a sample of Mongols from northwest Mongolia,
1292:, which was found in Neolithic Northeastern Asian societies along the
4197:
3804:"Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge"
3261:
2239:
1238:
region. Tungusic peoples display their highest genetic affinity with
600:
562:
362:
3446:
Lell JT, Sukernik RI, Starikovskaya YB, et al. (January 2002).
3067:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition
24:
4127:
4065:
3986:
3463:
2988:
1136:
1129:
1033:
993:
933:
893:
857:
776:
764:
752:
395:
366:
348:
267:
3801:
654:
429:
is artificial, and properly refers just to the linguistic family (
4133:
1265:
788:
780:
249:
2238:. Maternal haplogroup diversity seems to reflect some amount of
4153:
4112:
3019:
3014:
2941:
2909:
1561:
1491:
1421:
1212:
1180:
1152:
1116:
1088:
1056:
988:
956:
920:
904:
740:
728:
453:
449:
316:
213:
195:
145:
3760:
685:
being moribund, with 20 native speakers reported as of 2007).
4161:
4107:
2270:
1633:
1296:
and widespreaded throughout Siberia. An exception are modern
1164:
1024:
940:
888:
848:
732:
624:
391:
332:
231:
177:
3950:
3196:. Contemporary Chinese Studies. UBC Press. pp. 68, 69.
2257:
According to a total of 29 sample from the mtDNA studies of
692:
were possibly a Tungusic-speaking section of the (Mongolic)
751:). Minor ethnic groups also in the northern branch are the
3642:
1288:
clade and its subclades. The other dominant haplogroup is
1242:, but also share varying degrees of genetic affinity with
499:, has its origin from the Tungus people (Evenks). Russian
3936: This article incorporates text available under the
3445:
743:
in addition to many parts of eastern Siberia, especially
491:, a region of eastern Siberia bounded on the west by the
509:
3701:
3505:
2597:(observed only in the sample of Evens from Kamchatka)
615:
in the 17th century, they have been almost completely
520:), although some scholars prefer derivation from the
677:were Manchu, and the Manchu group has largely been
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2254:(Iranian, Turkic, Mongolic peoples) on the other.
3320:
3193:Empire and Environment in the Making of Manchuria
4271:
3795:
515:
3557:
700:(Goldi) are also derived from the Jurchen. The
3754:
2426:All 4 samples found only in the Hezhen people
514:(literally, 'wild pig, boar', from Old Turkic
4081:
3879:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3386:
3248:Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 4. By
3059:
658:Tunguska rivers, forming the western boundary
544:
539:
533:
525:
500:
479:
464:in the 1850s, based on earlier use of German
440:
434:
3944:
3860:Natalia Balinova, Helen Post, Siiri Rootsi,
3854:
3695:
3273:
3053:The Languages of the Seat of War in the East
569:region. Genetic evidence collected from the
465:
3602:
4088:
4074:
3636:
3628:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3488:
3108:
130:
4033:
4015:
3954:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
3915:
3897:
3869:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0399-0
3837:
3827:
3778:
3737:
3727:
3678:
3668:
3585:
3575:
3523:
3471:
3422:
3404:
3363:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3439:
3143:
3071:https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Tungus
2250:) on the one hand and peoples living in
798:
665:The southern branch is dominated by the
653:
3608:
3540:
3162:
3039:, Leksikon naroda sveta, Beograd, 2001.
2760:(observed only in the sample of Udege)
2229:
1837:R1-M173(xP25, M73, M269, SRY10831b)=1.9
1271:
386:(or Manchu–Tungus languages). They are
4272:
2410:Found 1 in 9 (11.11%) samples of Xibo
2394:Found 1 in 10 (10%) samples of Oroqen
1225:
803:Distribution of the Tungusic languages
4069:
3609:Харьков, Владимир Николаевич (2012).
3216:
3189:
3069:. (2011). Retrieved May 2, 2019 from
3045:
619:into the language and culture of the
4095:
3280:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
3104:
3102:
3003:A Manchu man in traditional clothing
813:List of the modern Tungusic peoples
580:. Several theories suggest that the
164:Regions with significant populations
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
3866:European Journal of Human Genetics
1300:which display higher frequency of
14:
4301:
4054:
3099:
3084:The Collected Works of M. A. Czap
613:establishment of the Qing dynasty
3931:
2996:
2980:
2964:
2949:
2933:
2917:
2901:
2885:
1316:Haplogroups (values in percent)
1205:
1173:
1145:
1109:
1081:
1049:
1017:
981:
949:
913:
881:
841:
649:
341:
325:
309:
278:
260:
242:
224:
206:
188:
170:
23:
4061:Manchu Tungusic people of China
3980:
3873:
3380:
3314:
3267:
3254:
3237:
2242:with peoples living around the
2218:(xC-M130, DE-YAP, J-12f2, K-M9)
1280:, and display high affinity to
794:
34:needs additional citations for
3210:
3183:
3156:
3137:
3090:
3075:
2892:Portrait of a Tungusic man by
433:). It is derived from Russian
1:
3246:Asia in the Making of Europe,
3030:
634:During the 17th century, the
361:Various religions (including
4017:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570
3829:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748
3670:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570
3081:Marie Antoinette Czaplicka,
538:, 'Eastern Barbarians', cf.
7:
3577:10.1534/genetics.105.054270
3190:Smith, Norman, ed. (2017).
3111:Russian Journal of Genetics
3025:Sinicization of the Manchus
3008:
2975:family (early 20th century)
2051:K-M9(xNO-M214, P-92R7)=3.2
1911:K-M9(xNO-M214, P-92R7)=2.9
1553:K-M9(xNO-M214, P-92R7)=3.8
724:in the Russian Federation.
540:
526:
501:
456:(Ewenki). English usage of
435:
10:
4306:
4189:(controversial, including
3348:10.1038/s41586-021-03336-2
3096:Pulleyblank (1983), p. 452
2878:
1315:
556:
382:formed by the speakers of
144:(land of the Tungus, i.e.
4257:
4103:
3899:10.3389/fgene.2021.754492
3767:Journal of Human Genetics
3525:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0
3406:10.3389/fgene.2021.754492
3123:10.1134/s1022795418100046
2959:military colonists (1885)
2710:A4(xA2a, A2b1, A8, A12a)
2246:(Koryaks, Nivkhs, Ainus,
812:
545:
534:
480:
441:
409:) and Southern Tungusic (
360:
355:
299:
294:
276:
258:
240:
222:
204:
186:
168:
163:
158:
153:
129:
3729:10.1186/1471-2148-13-127
3708:BMC Evolutionary Biology
3217:Bello, David A. (2016).
1278:Ancient Northeast Asians
1232:Ancient Northeast Asians
716:. The Udege live in the
472:Heinrich Julius Klaproth
4290:Ethnic groups in Russia
3163:Forsyth, James (1994).
611:. Following the Manchu
516:
510:
495:and on the east by the
484:'Tunguso-Manchurian').
474:. The alternative term
420:
4285:Ethnic groups in China
4262:indicate extinct group
1909:DE-YAP(xE-SRY4064)=2.9
807:Tungusic peoples are:
804:
767:inhabit some parts of
737:Evenk Autonomous Okrug
659:
505:was likely taken from
466:
3886:Frontiers in Genetics
3393:Frontiers in Genetics
3056:, by Max Müller, 1855
2908:The Manchu people in
862:Chinese folk religion
802:
769:Heilongjiang Province
657:
599:originally came from
565:, somewhere near the
380:ethnolinguistic group
16:Ethnolinguistic group
3780:10.1038/jhg.2013.108
3618:(in Russian). Tomsk.
2236:Northern East Asians
2230:Maternal haplogroups
1272:Paternal haplogroups
481:Тунгусо-маньчжурские
462:Friedrich Max Müller
43:improve this article
4008:2013PLoSO...883570D
3988:Pakendorf, Brigitte
3820:2013PLoSO...876748D
3720:2013BMCEE..13..127F
3661:2013PLoSO...883570D
3340:2021Natur.591..413W
2123:J1-M267(xP58)=1.9%
1226:Population genomics
640:Treaty of Nerchinsk
126:
3966:10.1002/ajpa.22050
1839:J-12f2(xM172)=1.9
1625:J2-M172(xM12)=2.1
805:
660:
460:was introduced by
431:Tungusic languages
384:Tungusic languages
301:Tungusic languages
159:Approx. 11 million
124:
58:"Tungusic peoples"
4267:
4266:
4215:Jianzhou Jurchens
4211:Five state tribes
3452:Am. J. Hum. Genet
3334:(7850): 413–419.
3292:10.1111/jse.12827
3117:(10): 1245–1253.
2876:
2875:
2656:Z1a(xZ1a1, Z1a2)
2445:
2444:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2210:
2201:
1996:Northern Tungusic
1926:Northern Tungusic
1640:Northern Tungusic
1568:Northern Tungusic
1498:Northern Tungusic
1428:Northern Tungusic
1302:Haplogroup O-M122
1290:Haplogroup N-M231
1251:Liao civilization
1223:
1222:
1218:Russian Orthodoxy
1190:Russian Orthodoxy
1126:Russian Orthodoxy
1066:Russian Orthodoxy
998:Russian Orthodoxy
966:Russian Orthodoxy
930:Russian Orthodoxy
866:Roman Catholicism
636:Tsardom of Russia
388:native to Siberia
373:
372:
119:
118:
111:
93:
4297:
4280:Tungusic peoples
4097:Tungusic peoples
4090:
4083:
4076:
4067:
4066:
4048:
4047:
4037:
4019:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3948:
3942:
3935:
3929:
3919:
3901:
3877:
3871:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3841:
3831:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3782:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3741:
3731:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3682:
3672:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3627:
3619:
3617:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3579:
3570:(4): 2431–2439.
3555:
3538:
3537:
3527:
3503:
3486:
3485:
3475:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3426:
3408:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3367:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3271:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3106:
3097:
3094:
3088:
3079:
3073:
3063:
3057:
3049:
3037:Mile Nedeljković
3000:
2991:, Siberia (1914)
2984:
2968:
2953:
2937:
2921:
2905:
2894:Carl Peter Mazer
2889:
2450:
2449:
2276:
2275:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2126:Balanovska 2018
1307:
1306:
1282:Mongolic peoples
1240:Mongolic peoples
1211:
1209:
1208:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1023:
1021:
1020:
987:
985:
984:
955:
953:
952:
919:
917:
916:
887:
885:
884:
854:Manchu shamanism
847:
845:
844:
810:
809:
609:Russian Far East
571:Ulchsky District
548:
547:
543:
537:
536:
531:
519:
513:
504:
483:
482:
478:is also in use (
469:
444:
443:
438:
376:Tungusic peoples
347:
345:
344:
331:
329:
328:
321:Mandarin Chinese
315:
313:
312:
284:
282:
281:
266:
264:
263:
248:
246:
245:
230:
228:
227:
212:
210:
209:
194:
192:
191:
176:
174:
173:
154:Total population
134:
127:
125:Tungusic peoples
123:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4253:
4181:(controversial)
4173:(controversial)
4165:(controversial)
4157:(controversial)
4099:
4094:
4057:
4052:
4051:
3985:
3981:
3949:
3945:
3878:
3874:
3859:
3855:
3800:
3796:
3773:(12): 804–811.
3759:
3755:
3700:
3696:
3641:
3637:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3607:
3603:
3556:
3541:
3504:
3489:
3444:
3440:
3385:
3381:
3319:
3315:
3272:
3268:
3259:
3255:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3188:
3184:
3177:
3161:
3157:
3142:
3138:
3107:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3080:
3076:
3065:Tungus. (n.d.)
3064:
3060:
3050:
3046:
3033:
3011:
3004:
3001:
2992:
2985:
2976:
2969:
2960:
2954:
2945:
2938:
2929:
2922:
2913:
2906:
2897:
2890:
2881:
2863:Haplogroup F1b1
2232:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2196:P-92R7(xR1a-SRY
2194:
2122:
1910:
1838:
1836:
1695:I2a1-P37.2=3.2
1624:
1274:
1228:
1206:
1204:
1174:
1172:
1146:
1144:
1110:
1108:
1082:
1080:
1050:
1048:
1018:
1016:
982:
980:
950:
948:
914:
912:
882:
880:
842:
840:
797:
722:Khabarovsk Krai
683:Manchu language
652:
605:Northeast China
603:, which is now
582:Pannonian Avars
559:
493:Tunguska rivers
423:
342:
340:
326:
324:
310:
308:
279:
277:
261:
259:
243:
241:
225:
223:
207:
205:
189:
187:
171:
169:
149:
142:Tingoesen landt
122:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4303:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4265:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4219:Haixi Jurchens
4202:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4093:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4056:
4055:External links
4053:
4050:
4049:
4002:(12): e83570.
3979:
3960:(1): 123–138.
3943:
3872:
3853:
3814:(10): e76748.
3794:
3753:
3694:
3655:(12): e83570.
3635:
3601:
3539:
3487:
3464:10.1086/338457
3458:(1): 192–206.
3438:
3379:
3313:
3286:(1): 230–250.
3266:
3253:
3250:Donald F. Lach
3236:
3230:978-1107068841
3229:
3209:
3203:978-0774832922
3202:
3182:
3175:
3155:
3136:
3098:
3089:
3074:
3058:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2995:
2993:
2987:Tungus man in
2986:
2979:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2948:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2807:Haplogroup Y1a
2803:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2750:Haplogroup N9b
2746:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2642:Haplogroup Z1a
2638:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2244:Sea of Okhotsk
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2138:Jurchen-Manchu
2135:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1854:Jurchen-Manchu
1851:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1780:Jurchen-Manchu
1777:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1273:
1270:
1244:Turkic peoples
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1183:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1119:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1004:
991:
978:
975:
969:
968:
959:
946:
943:
937:
936:
923:
910:
907:
901:
900:
891:
878:
875:
869:
868:
851:
838:
835:
829:
828:
825:
822:
819:
815:
814:
796:
793:
775:in China, and
773:Inner Mongolia
759:. The Oroqen,
749:Sakha Republic
745:Sakha Republic
718:Primorsky Krai
669:(historically
651:
648:
623:population of
586:Avar Khaganate
558:
555:
422:
419:
371:
370:
358:
357:
353:
352:
297:
296:
292:
291:
288:
274:
273:
270:
256:
255:
252:
238:
237:
234:
220:
219:
216:
202:
201:
198:
184:
183:
180:
166:
165:
161:
160:
156:
155:
151:
150:
135:
120:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4302:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4261:
4256:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4223:Wild Jurchens
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4091:
4086:
4084:
4079:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3934:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3631:
3625:
3614:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3103:
3093:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3055:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Haplogroup M7
2820:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2222:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Amur Tungusic
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:Amur Tungusic
1708:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1641:
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1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
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1577:
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1571:
1569:
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1563:
1560:
1559:
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1549:
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1540:
1537:
1534:
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1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
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1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1353:
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1343:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:Manchu people
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
999:
995:
992:
990:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
967:
963:
960:
958:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
935:
931:
927:
924:
922:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
899:
895:
892:
890:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
867:
863:
859:
855:
852:
850:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:
811:
808:
801:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:(Ewenki) and
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
675:Qing emperors
672:
668:
663:
656:
650:Ethnic groups
647:
645:
641:
637:
632:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
589:
587:
583:
579:
578:Paleosiberian
574:
572:
568:
564:
554:
552:
542:
530:
529:
523:
518:
512:
508:
503:
498:
497:Pacific Ocean
494:
490:
485:
477:
476:Manchu–Tungus
473:
468:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
437:
432:
428:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
368:
364:
359:
354:
350:
338:
334:
322:
318:
306:
302:
298:
293:
289:
287:
286:United States
275:
271:
269:
257:
253:
251:
239:
235:
233:
221:
217:
215:
203:
199:
197:
185:
181:
179:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
143:
139:
133:
128:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4259:
4204:
4196:
4192:Heishui Mohe
4190:
4184:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4132:
4096:
3999:
3995:
3982:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3930:
3889:
3885:
3875:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3711:
3707:
3697:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3611:
3604:
3567:
3563:
3518:(1): 47–58.
3515:
3511:
3455:
3451:
3441:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3331:
3327:
3316:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3256:
3245:
3239:
3219:
3212:
3192:
3185:
3165:
3158:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3114:
3110:
3092:
3083:
3077:
3066:
3061:
3052:
3047:
2766:Haplogroup G
2696:Haplogroup A
2522:Haplogroup D
2468:Haplogroup C
2446:
2432:Haplogroup Z
2416:Haplogroup Y
2400:Haplogroup U
2384:Haplogroup J
2369:Haplogroup R
2354:Haplogroup M
2339:Haplogroup F
2324:Haplogroup D
2309:Haplogroup C
2294:Haplogroup B
2256:
2252:Central Asia
2247:
2233:
1984:Hammer 2006
1842:Hammer 2006
1835:R2a-M124=3.8
1698:Hammer 2006
1628:Hammer 2006
1486:Hammer 2006
1360:
1336:
1331:
1275:
1255:
1248:
1236:Yellow River
1229:
824:Main country
806:
795:Demographics
726:
687:
664:
661:
633:
629:
594:
590:
575:
560:
488:
486:
475:
457:
426:
424:
400:
375:
374:
141:
136:1612 map by
121:Ethnic group
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4209:(including
3714:(13): 127.
3512:J Hum Genet
2944:wooden home
2453:Haplogroup
2279:Haplogroup
1262:Han Chinese
702:Orok (Ulta)
644:Isaac Massa
617:assimilated
507:East Turkic
138:Isaac Massa
4274:Categories
3892:: 754492.
3399:: 754492.
3176:0521477719
3031:References
2205:DE-YAP(xE-
2193:J-12f2=7.3
2121:I-P37=1.9%
1623:I1-P30=5.3
1416:Reference
1325:Population
1294:Liao river
837:10,424,785
821:Population
621:ethnic Han
567:Amur River
551:Eastern Hu
182:10,646,954
99:March 2024
69:newspapers
4198:Sumo Mohe
4026:1932-6203
3938:CC BY 4.0
3908:1664-8021
3624:cite book
3415:1664-8021
3356:0028-0836
3308:245849003
3300:1674-4918
3262:Routledge
2240:gene flow
2223:Xue 2006
2062:(Russia)
2054:Xue 2006
1914:Xue 2006
1768:Xue 2006
1636:(Russia)
1564:(Russia)
1556:Xue 2006
1354:C-M86/M77
1186:Shamanism
1158:Shamanism
1122:Shamanism
1094:Shamanism
1062:Shamanism
1030:Shamanism
1002:Shamanism
962:Shamanism
926:Shamanism
898:Shamanism
827:Religion
765:Khamnigan
679:sinicized
601:Manchuria
563:Manchuria
487:The name
425:The name
411:Jurchenic
363:Shamanism
337:Mongolian
295:Languages
4206:Jurchens
4128:Negidals
4044:24349531
3996:PLOS ONE
3974:22487888
3940:license.
3926:34659368
3848:24204668
3808:PLOS ONE
3789:24132124
3748:23782551
3689:24349531
3649:PLOS ONE
3596:16489223
3564:Genetics
3534:16328082
3482:11731934
3433:34659368
3374:33618348
3152:: 59–72.
3131:53085396
3009:See also
2989:Vorogovo
2472:121/283
2134:(China)
1992:(China)
1922:(China)
1850:(China)
1776:(China)
1706:(China)
1494:(China)
1424:(China)
1328:Language
1137:Negidals
1130:Buddhism
1034:Buddhism
994:Buddhism
934:Buddhism
894:Buddhism
858:Buddhism
818:Ethnonym
777:Mongolia
755:and the
753:Negidals
607:and the
489:Tunguska
467:Tungusik
458:Tungusic
452:for the
427:Tungusic
407:Udegheic
396:Mongolia
367:Buddhism
356:Religion
349:Mongolia
268:Mongolia
140:showing
4260:Italics
4229:Manchus
4134:Duchers
4123:Oroqens
4035:3861515
4004:Bibcode
3917:8515022
3839:3799995
3816:Bibcode
3739:3695835
3716:Bibcode
3680:3861515
3657:Bibcode
3587:1456369
3424:8515022
3365:7993749
3336:Bibcode
2912:in 1915
2879:Gallery
2770:10/283
2754:10/283
2700:11/283
2659:12/283
2646:25/283
2565:10/283
2552:12/283
2549:D5a2a2
2539:18/283
2529:24.38%
2526:69/283
2511:11/283
2501:19.08%
2498:54/283
2488:19.43%
2485:55/283
2475:42.76%
2439:3.44%%
2423:13.79%
2346:13.79%
2331:20.68%
2316:27.58%
2216:10831.1
2207:SRY4064
2198:10831.2
1266:Koreans
1009:Oroqens
877:190,481
833:Manchus
671:Jurchen
584:of the
557:History
522:Chinese
447:Russian
378:are an
305:Russian
250:Ukraine
83:scholar
4239:Nanais
4178:Shiwei
4154:Sushen
4145:Orochs
4140:Udeges
4118:Solons
4113:Evenks
4042:
4032:
4024:
3972:
3924:
3914:
3906:
3862:et al.
3846:
3836:
3787:
3746:
3736:
3687:
3677:
3594:
3584:
3532:
3480:
3473:384887
3470:
3431:
3421:
3413:
3372:
3362:
3354:
3328:Nature
3306:
3298:
3227:
3200:
3173:
3129:
3020:Xeglun
3015:Eskeri
2942:Evenks
2926:Manchu
2910:Fuzhou
2896:(1850)
2870:2.12%
2867:6/283
2855:0.71%
2852:2/283
2849:M7c1d
2842:2.12%
2839:6/283
2836:M7a2a
2829:2.83%
2826:8/283
2814:2.83%
2811:8/283
2799:0.35%
2796:1/283
2786:3.18%
2783:9/283
2773:3.53%
2757:3.53%
2742:0.71%
2739:2/283
2729:0.71%
2726:2/283
2716:2.47%
2713:7/283
2703:3.89%
2688:1.41%
2685:4/283
2675:3.18%
2672:9/283
2662:4.24%
2649:8.83%
2634:1.06%
2631:3/283
2621:1.77%
2618:5/283
2608:1.77%
2605:5/283
2594:2.83%
2591:8/283
2581:2.83%
2578:8/283
2568:3.53%
2562:D4e4a
2555:4.24%
2542:6.36%
2514:3.89%
2462:Notes
2407:3.44%
2391:3.44%
2376:3.44%
2361:3.44%
2301:6.89%
2288:Notes
2267:Hezhen
2265:, and
2263:Oroqen
2214:BT-SRY
1990:Oroqen
1920:Oroqen
1848:Manchu
1774:Manchu
1562:Evenks
1492:Evenks
1422:Evenks
1413:Others
1383:O-M176
1378:O-M268
1373:O-M119
1368:O-M122
1357:C-M407
1345:C-M217
1341:
1286:C-M217
1264:, and
1258:Manchu
1213:Russia
1210:
1181:Russia
1178:
1153:Russia
1150:
1117:Russia
1114:
1101:Orochs
1089:Russia
1086:
1073:Udeges
1057:Russia
1054:
1022:
989:Russia
986:
977:17,514
973:Nanais
957:Russia
954:
945:22,487
921:Russia
918:
909:69,503
905:Evenks
886:
846:
789:Buryat
781:Mongol
763:, and
757:Oroqen
741:Russia
729:Evenks
694:Shiwei
667:Manchu
597:Manchu
541:Tonggu
528:Donghu
517:tonguz
511:tunguz
502:Tungus
454:Evenks
450:exonym
442:Тунгус
436:Tungus
415:Nanaic
403:Ewenic
394:, and
346:
330:
317:Russia
314:
283:
265:
247:
229:
218:12,000
214:Taiwan
211:
200:78,051
196:Russia
193:
175:
146:Evenks
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4249:Oroks
4244:Ulchs
4234:Sibes
4201:etc.)
4186:Mohes
4162:Yilou
4108:Evens
3616:(PDF)
3304:S2CID
3127:S2CID
3087:p. 88
2973:Udege
2928:guard
2793:G2a1
2723:A12a
2682:Z1a1
2669:Z1a2
2628:D4m2
2602:D4i2
2588:D4o2
2536:D4l2
2456:Pop.
2436:1/29
2420:4/29
2404:1/29
2388:1/29
2373:1/29
2358:1/29
2343:4/29
2328:6/29
2313:8/29
2298:2/29
2282:Pop.
2271:China
2269:from
2220:=2.4
2175:17.1
2163:26.8
2160:36.6
2148:26.8
2145:26.8
2091:11.5
2088:15.4
2082:26.9
2079:34.6
2076:69.2
2073:69.2
2060:Ulchi
2021:19.4
2018:29.0
2009:41.9
2006:61.3
2003:61.3
1942:68.2
1936:90.9
1933:90.9
1891:14.3
1885:14.3
1879:37.1
1876:54.3
1864:25.7
1861:25.7
1805:38.5
1802:57.7
1790:26.9
1787:26.9
1753:17.8
1747:20.0
1735:44.4
1732:51.1
1723:11.1
1720:22.2
1717:28.9
1704:Hezhe
1680:12.9
1677:12.9
1656:61.3
1650:74.2
1647:74.2
1634:Evens
1608:16.8
1605:18.9
1584:54.7
1578:68.4
1575:68.4
1523:23.1
1520:34.6
1511:30.8
1508:57.7
1505:57.7
1453:24.4
1450:36.6
1444:34.1
1438:43.9
1435:43.9
1395:N-P43
1392:N-Tat
1350:C-M48
1165:Oroks
1077:1,538
1045:2,841
1041:Ulchs
1025:China
1013:8,659
941:Evens
889:China
873:Sibes
849:China
761:Solon
733:Evens
714:Udege
710:Oroch
698:Nanai
681:(the
625:China
524:word
445:), a
392:China
333:China
236:1,020
232:Japan
178:China
90:JSTOR
76:books
4170:Wuji
4040:PMID
4022:ISSN
3970:PMID
3922:PMID
3904:ISSN
3844:PMID
3785:PMID
3744:PMID
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2615:D4j
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2259:Xibo
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2211:=2.4
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2184:0.0
2181:0.0
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1814:3.8
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1471:2.4
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