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internal participation in politics and peace processes, as well as outline internal commitments on protection from sexual and gender-based violence. Currently, Europe (27) and Africa (19) are the regions with the highest number of
National Action Plans. While the number of NAP countries rapidly increased in the lead up to both the 10th (in 2010) and 15th (in 2015) anniversaries of Resolution 1325, only 32% of UN member states have implemented NAPs in 2016, and 101 countries as of early 2024. A major gap is in troop contributing countries (TCC) and police contributing countries (PCC) to peacekeeping missionsâthe top four countries providing police, military experts, and troops do not yet have national action plans.
1037:, or the incorporation of a gender perspective into all policies and programs, in peacekeeping missions and other UN programs related to peace and security. Critics argue that other parts of the resolutions, such as having a Senior Gender Advisor, lead to the segregation of women's rights from all other peace and security issues, with women's issues thus becoming sidelined in a "gender ghetto" and remaining outside of the mainstream. By limiting women's issues to Gender Advisers or offices, security institutions continue to view gender issues as a niche topic and the institutions remain male-dominated systems.
150:
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passage, the
Security Council has passed six more resolutions related to the topic of women and armed conflict. Furthermore, there has been a significant change in rhetoric, with more and more UN agencies, representatives, and member states discussing how gender inequality impacts peace and security. However, it has been suggested that these changes have been limited, with only 33 out of 225 Security Council resolutions passed in the three years after the passage of Resolution 1325 mentioning the words "gender" or "women".
257:
880:
used. For example, it is the only resolution to have its anniversary celebrated with reports, conferences, and special sessions of the
Security Council, as well as the only resolution with NGOs dedicated to its implementation. Since 2000, women, peace, and security has become an important topic in international politics, undoubtedly fueled by the resolution's passage and subsequent advocacy for its implementation, as well as increased attention to sexual violence in armed conflict. Another major landmark was the
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1325 in conflict-affected countries to lobby their governments to comply with the resolution on the issues of including women in conflict negotiations or holding peacekeeping missions accountable for sexual abuse and exploitation. Established international NGOs play an important role in disseminating information on the resolution to grassroots organizations and training local actors on the resolution and how to use it.
296:
176:
163:
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the rhetoric on peace and security: Security
Council resolutions increasingly mention gender, UN Mission reports frequently mention women, peace, and security, and there is increased reporting on these issues in UN bodies. However, there continued to be widespread reports of sexual abuse and exploitation by peacekeeping operations, despite increased attention to the issue within the UN.
857:. RAPs coordinate regional priorities on women, peace, and security and help direct and prioritize regional organizations' programming and funding on the topic. NATO has used Resolution 1325 to increase the levels of women in the military and has influenced seven NATO member states to have increasing women's participation in the military as a goal in implementing the resolution.
1051:
many unproven assumptions, such as the potential for women's participation to have a transformational effect on peace and security. However, recent initiatives have emphasized the need for more data to track results, including the upcoming High-Level Review of the resolution, which will likely provide more thorough analysis of its implementation and effects.
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Despite the attention to implementing
Resolution 1325 and developing indicators, there is little evidence of impacts in conflict-affected countries. The UN's own evaluations show limited progress only in a few areas, most notably women's political participation. Furthermore, the resolution depends on
899:
Within the UN, the resolution precipitated increased attention to the issue of women and conflict. Prior to
Resolution 1325, the Security Council rarely considered women apart from the occasional passing reference to women and children as vulnerable groups in conflict in need of protection. Since its
681:
at the
Council, also made significant contributions by using Bangladesh's role as Council President to bring attention to women's contributions to peace and security. Chowdhury has remained a vocal and active advocate for full implementation of Resolution 1325. The NGO Working Group played a critical
1016:
A related criticism to that of gender essentialism is that by focusing exclusively on women the role of men is overlooked. According to this line of criticism, the values and attitudes among both men and women are more important than biological sex for violence and peace. Both men and women who hold
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also assumes that women are innately peaceful, usually due to their experience as mothers, which is one of the main reasons that people use to argue for including women in peace processes. Another frequently cited gender essentialist argument is that women are natural coalition builders and are more
865:
NGOs play an important role in implementing
Resolution 1325. NGOs have lobbied their national governments to develop National Action Plans and many NAPs have a NGO oversight body to hold governments accountable to their commitments. Grassroots NGOs, particularly women's organizations, also use UNSCR
738:
called on the
Secretary-General to develop a set of indicators to track the implementation of Resolution 1325. The indicators are used for UN programming, but have also been adopted by member states and NGOs. The indicators developed are the four pillars of prevention, protection, participation, and
721:
The two main components of
Resolution 1325 are addressing sexual violence in armed conflict and increasing women's participation in peace processes and political institutions. Within the United Nations, the resolution has led to an increased attention to gender mainstreaming, or assessing a policy's
959:
The 2014 Secretary-General's report on implementation of Resolution 1325 found that, while gender seems to be increasingly integrated into United Nations operations, challenges remain in fully implementing the resolution at the operational level. Within the UN, women, peace, and security is part of
908:
Assessments of Resolution 1325 include annual Secretary-General reports in 2013 and 2014 and a conducted ten-year review of Resolution 1325 implementation conducted by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations looking at twelve UN peacekeeping missions and reported outcomes across the components of
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Resolution 1325 is used around the world as a policy tool to implement gender-sensitive conflict-related policies. It is also used as an organizing framework for actors outside of the United Nations, such as states, NGOs, and researchers, in a way that no other Security Council resolution has been
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portrayals of women, rendering women as perpetual victims, and ignoring women's agency to bring about both violence and peace. For example, reports of violence against civilians tend to emphasize "women and children" as victims to illustrate the brutal nature of violence. Conversely, this framing
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refers to promoting women's participation in peace processes, increasing the numbers of women at all levels of decision-making institutions, and increasing partnerships with local women's organizations. Participation also includes increasing women's participation in the UN in senior positions, as
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conduct a study on the impact of armed conflict on women and girls, the role of women in peace-building, the gender dimensions of peace processes and conflict resolution, and on gender mainstreaming in UN peacekeeping missions. It also invites the Secretary-General to report the findings of these
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The NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security is a coalition of eighteen NGOs, which collectively advocate for the equal and full participation of women in all efforts to create and maintain international peace and security. Formed in 2000 to call for a Security Council resolution on women,
816:
In order to hold implementers accountable, Resolution 1325 NAPs ought to contain a monitoring and evaluation framework that outlines specific progress indicators and assigns clear roles and responsibilities for monitoring and reporting activities. Also, few NAPs have actual allocated funding for
1117:
October 2020 saw the publication of a glossary entitled "Glossary of terms used in Resolution 1325 of the United Nations Security Council and its related resolutions on the Women, Peace and Security Agenda", translated from the original (French) into English by Claire Mazuhelli, edited by Tove
807:
policies and often require interagency coordination. Many donor country NAPs tend to be externally focused, outlining and documenting their commitments to promoting Resolution 1325's principles in focal countries; developing and conflict-affected countries generally use NAPs to support women's
701:. Activists were also upset that women faced significant barriers to entering peace talks and the negative impacts that women experienced post-conflict. The Beijing Conference's 5th anniversary (Beijing+5) provided critical momentum for progress on women, peace, and security issues at the UN.
1122:(WILPF) Sweden, by author Annie Matundu Mbambi, gender and development consultant, Africa Regional Representative of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and former President of the Board of Directors of the same organization in the Democratic Republic of Congo (WILPF DRC).
1099:âone of the founding members of the NGO Working Groupâis a project sponsored by the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom to promote the implementation of Resolution 1325, through providing a centralized hub of information on information related to women, peace, and security.
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In honor of the resolution's 15th anniversary in 2015, the United Nations held a High-level Review of Resolution 1325 "to assess progress and accelerate action" at the Security Council's Open Debate on Women, Peace, and Security on 13 October 2015. Following the debate, UN Women published
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development or implementation: a 2014 survey of NAPs revealed that funding most commonly went to addressing sexual and gender-based violence and increasing women's involvement in peace processes, while the most common funding gap was security sector reform and access to justice.
1092:
The NGO Working Group now focuses on implementation of all Security Council resolutions that address women, peace, and security. The group is still active, producing a monthly action points on the women, peace, and security issues affecting countries on Council's agenda.
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likely to work with members of other groups. Resolution 1325 incorporates these assumptions and they are frequently cited in the Secretary-General Reports, advocacy movements, and National Action Plans. The result is that women often feel the need to conform to certain
798:
Two years after Resolution 1325 launched, the Security Council began encouraging the development of National Action Plans (NAPs) as a tool that member states could use to detail steps that they will take to fulfill the resolution's objectives. As of September 2016,
781:
Specific indicators include tracking numbers related to outcomes, such as the number of women in peace negotiations, the number of military manuals that include measures on women's protection, or the number of cases investigated on violence against women.
475:
in armed conflict, particularly women and children, who constitute most of the victims of conflict and who are increasingly targeted by armed groups. Attacks against civilians, particularly women and children, negatively impact peace and reconciliation.
1778:"Making Women Count - Not Just Counting Women: Assessing Women's Inclusion and Influence on Peace Negotiations," Geneva: Inclusive Peace and Transition Initiative (The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies) and UN Women, April 2016
1167:(2013) to address impunity on sexual violence in armed conflict and operationalize past resolutions. It also recognizes that sexual violence in conflict can also affect men and boys, as well as the community-wide trauma that sexual violence can inflict.
1025:. For example, a study of political activists in Thailand found that men who identify with ideals of manhood emphasizing male superiority over women and the need for real men to be fierce and tough are more likely to participate in political violence.
1185:(2019) positions conflict-related sexual violence as firmly rooted in the broader women, peace and security agenda, calls for support and protection to womenâs civil society organizations, and calls for attention to the issue of children born of rape.
1154:
Resolution 1889 (2009) on increasing women's participation in peace processes. This requests that the Secretary-General develop indicators to track the implementation of 1325, and establishes Women Protection Advisors to be deployed with peacekeeping
616:
The resolution also calls upon all countries to fully respect international law applicable to the rights and protection of women and girls, in particular the obligation under the Geneva Convention of 1949 and Additional Protocol thereto of 1977, the
626:
896:"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work". As the topic of women and war became more prominent, more policy-making bodies turned to the resolution and supported it.
1179:(2015) establishes the Security Council's Informal Experts Group on Women, Peace and Security and focuses on greater integration of the agendas on women, peace and security with the UN's work on counter-terrorism and countering violent extremism.
1403:"Ten-year Impact Study on Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security in Peacekeeping: Final Report to the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Field Support"
1161:(2010) focuses on ending impunity for sexual violence in armed conflict by calling on the Secretary-General to "name and shame" armed groups that perpetrate sexual violence and for sanctions to deter conflict-related sexual violence.
457:
resolution to specifically mention the impact of conflict on women. The resolution has since become an organizing framework for the women, peace, and security agenda, which focuses on advancing the components of Resolution 1325.
638:
1191:(2019) calls for full implementation of all previous resolutions on women, peace and security and requests the UN to develop context-specific approaches for women's participation in all UN-supported peace processes.
531:
Resolution 1325 calls upon all parties to conflict to take special measures to protect women and girls from violence in armed conflict, particularly sexual and gender-based violence. It also calls for states to end
550:
The resolution calls for including a gender perspective in peace negotiations and increasing women's participation in peace negotiation, with particular attention to supporting local women's peace initiatives.
1041:
initially did not implement a 1325 National Action Plan for this reason, arguing that it had mainstreamed gender concerns into its government agencies and policies, although it later implemented one in 2012.
913:
Women's political participation has had largely positive outcomes, with host countries seeing higher rates of female voters and politicians, as well as increased legal provisions to support gender equality.
622:
935:
There are mixed results in gender mainstreaming in DDRâsome missions increased the numbers of women demobilized, but these gains were uneven across missions and reintegration remains a challenge.
682:
role in successfully lobbying the Council to hold open sessions on women, peace, and security, consulting with Council members on the resolution, and providing them with applicable information.
2127:
1971:
601:: Increase women's representation as Special Representatives and envoys, and in field operations, particularly among military observers, police, and human rights and humanitarian personnel.
1173:(2013) reaffirms the Council's commitment to combating sexual violence in armed conflict and the full implementation of Resolution 1325 and other resolutions on women, peace, and security.
1151:(2009), which mandates that peacekeeping missions prevent and respond to sexual violence and which led to the creation of The Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict.
2204:
634:
1201:
471:
The observations highlight how the Council considers the issue of women and armed conflict important to international peace and security. They express the Council's concern about
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for the UN and member states on the protection, rights, and needs of women; gender sensitivity; and the importance of involving women in peacekeeping and peace-building measures.
524:
to address the needs of women and girls in armed conflict and support their participation in peace negotiations. The key components and recommendations of the resolution are:
1017:
feminist values, and thus are positive to gender equality, tend to be less warlike and intolerant. Since gender does not equal biological sex it is more relevant to focus on
2157:
924:
The majority of UN-supported peace processes in 2011â2013 held regular consultations with women's organizations, and, in 2012 and 2013, all UN support teams included women.
490:
Emphasize the importance of women's equal involvement in peace and security and the need for women's increased participation in conflict prevention and peace-building.
2487:
1483:"Financing for the Implementation of National Action Plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325: Critical for Advancing Women's Human Rights, Peace and Security"
1659:
1212:
582:
The resolution calls upon member states to increase women's participation at all levels of decision-making in national, regional, and international institutions.
1972:"Women in Peace and Security through United Nations Security Resolution 1325: Literature Review, Content Analysis of National Action Plans, and Implementation"
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746:
focuses on preventing sexual and gender-based violence, as well as gender awareness in conflict prevention and early warning systems. This includes preventing
1119:
1064:
1082:
373:
929:
Security sector institutions saw limited gains in female uniformed personnel, despite increases in the number of uniformed women in peacekeeping missions.
1750:"Preventing Conflict, Transforming Justice, Securing the Peace: A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325"
2044:"Glossary of terms used in resolution 1325 of the United Nations Security Council and its related resolutions on the women, peace and security agenda"
1233:"Security Council, unanimously adopting resolution 1325 (2000), calls for broad participation of women in peace-building post-conflict reconstruction"
966:
Preventing Conflict, Transforming Justice, Securing the Peace: A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325
1103:
916:
There continued to be low levels of women in peace negotiations, with women comprising less than 10% of those formally involved across all missions.
642:
938:
Sexual and gender-based violence continues to be widespread with impunity for those who commit it, despite increases in training and legislation.
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2463:
2458:
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2443:
2438:
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2413:
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2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2215:
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1158:
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also implies that men are not victims, despite male victims of sexual violence or the gender-based violence of killing men because they are men.
735:
411:
407:
403:
399:
378:
368:
1322:
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community was increasingly concerned about the negative impacts of war on women, particularly widespread sexual violence seen in civil wars in
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Resolution 1325 was the first formal and legal document from the Security Council that required parties in a conflict to prevent violations of
1130:
Resolution 1325 is related to several other resolutions related to the topic of women, peace, and security, passed since 2000. These include:
511:
Recognizes that the protection of women and girls and their participation in peace processes is important to international peace and security.
1303:
1232:
975:, issued a report initially prepared as an input for the High-Level Review, assessing women's inclusion and influence on peace negotiations.
708:, who helped draft the resolution. The two-day debate on the resolution was also the first time the Council dedicated a discussion to women.
618:
564:
942:
Reports of sexual abuse and exploitation by peacekeeping forces continue to rise, despite increased attention to this problem within the UN.
1508:
968:. The report covers progress and challenges, and makes recommendations for advancing the goals of the resolution across societal sectors.
920:
Academic research found that women were significantly more likely to be mentioned in peace processes and agreements after Resolution 1325.
1777:
2200:
1207:
415:
43:
850:
658:
2064:
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operations and training of peacekeeping personnel on the special needs of women and children in conflict and humanitarian settings.
1874:
608:
2492:
747:
556:: The resolution calls upon parties to conflict to consider the special needs of women in girls in designing and administering
2027:
1858:
1798:
723:
630:
2191:
2497:
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Local Action Plans (LAPs) are a way to operationalize the resolution at the local and community levels. Countries such as
932:
More peacekeeping operations missions have gender advisorsâas of 2014, nine of the sixteen missions have gender advisors.
521:
1427:
800:
1814:
Carpenter, R. Charli (2006). "Recognizing Gender-Based Violence Against Civilian Men and Boys in Conflict Situations".
1482:
1533:
2139:
United States Institute of Peace, "What is U.N. Security Council Resolution 1325 and Why is it so Critical Today?"
1678:
1609:"Peace Agreements or Pieces of Paper? The Impact of UNSC Resolution 1325 on Peace Processes and Their Agreements"
760:, and overall well-being. It also focuses on improving the rights of women and girls and their legal protections.
454:
395:
131:
39:
2147:
1110:
group of UN member states who formed to advocate for the implementation of Resolution 1325; it is organized by
589:, consider gender in Security Council missions, and consult with international and local women's organizations.
498:
494:
2169:
1509:"A Survey of UN 1325 National Action Plan Mechanisms for Implementation, Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation"
1636:
1457:
1323:"Trick or treat? The UN and implementation of security Council resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security"
690:
1402:
2502:
952:
686:
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different impacts for women and men. The main programs implementing the resolution are UN Women and the
2043:
1679:"Implementing UN Security Council Resolution 1325: Putting the Responsibility to Protect into Practice"
971:
In April 2016, UN Women and the Inclusive Peace and Transition Initiative, led by peace process expert
17:
1960:, edited by Katharine Sarikakis and Leslie Regan Shade, 161â175. London and New York: Routledge, 2010.
946:
Furthermore, women peace-builders and activists are regularly victims of violence and lack protection.
673:, initiated the resolution when the country took its turn chairing the Security Council. Ambassador
569:
It also calls for considering gender in DDR, particularly the different needs of male and female ex-
2184:
1242:
1608:
1577:"U.N. Security Council Resolution 1325 Three Years On: Gender, Security and Organizational Change"
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settings through increased patrols and escorts, but resources for these protections were limited.
537:
450:
2143:
1593:
1728:
881:
666:
1729:"High-level Review on Women, Peace and Security: 15 years of Security Council resolution 1325"
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885:
854:
838:
483:
Reaffirm the important role that women play in conflict prevention, conflict resolution, and
2138:
2163:
1034:
423:
1956:
Puechguirbal, Nadine. "Peacekeeping, Peace building and Post-conflict Reconstruction". In
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have implemented local level mechanisms for implementing the resolution and NAPs. Several
8:
2177:
2068:
1893:
1076:
1000:
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The resolution's history and passage is notable for the level of involvement by NGOs and
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contained an entire chapter focused on women, peace, and security. During the 1990s, the
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to women and girls and incorporate gender perspectives into relief and recovery efforts.
1913:
1831:
1749:
1641:
446:
435:
653:
The resolution was passed unanimously in October 2000 after extensive lobbying by the
2152:
2023:
1854:
1835:
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972:
757:
698:
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442:
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and that women who do not fit these ideals are marginalized in politics and policy.
1917:
1905:
1823:
1693:
1631:
1623:
1334:
639:
Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography
1357:"Snagged On The Contradiction: NATO, UNSC Resolution 1325, and Feminist Responses"
1356:
1534:"Mainstreaming Gender in UN Security Policy: A Path to Political Transformation?"
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1237:
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1827:
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207:
394:(S/RES/1325), on women, peace, and security, was adopted unanimously by the
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557:
505:
427:
623:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
2017:
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1018:
834:
694:
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and in post-conflict reconstruction, and to protect women and girls from
327:
790:
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involves improving women and girls' safety, physical and mental health,
1261:
1137:(2008), which condemns sexual violence as a weapon of war and declares
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1022:
1005:
678:
249:
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2100:
2082:
1931:
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Thania Paffenholz, Nick Ross, Steven Dixon, Anna-Lena Schluchter and
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71:
2020:
Gendering global transformations: gender, culture, race, and identity
1892:
BjarnegÄrd, Elin; Brounéus, Karen; Melander, Erik (18 October 2017).
1256:
1142:
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236:
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Special Representatives and in peacekeeping missions and operations.
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662:
533:
472:
288:
2122:
635:
Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict
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to consider the special needs of women and girls during conflict,
27:
2000 resolution on the impact of armed conflict on women and girls
2018:
Korieh, Chima Jacob; Okeke-Ihejirika, Philomina Ezeagbor (2008).
1715:"Report of the Secretary-General on women and peace and security"
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670:
353:
340:
314:
275:
1714:
1385:
1202:
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1301 to 1400
1575:
Hill, Felicity; Cohn, Carol; Enloe, Cynthia (20 January 2004).
1386:"Women and peace and security: Report of the Secretary-General"
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Missions made a greater effort to protect women in refugee and
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820:
262:
181:
168:
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Preventing sexual and gender-based violence in armed conflict:
1996:
1970:
Miller, Barbara; Pournik, Milad; Swaine, Aisling (May 2014).
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have adopted such plans. NAPs address political, social, and
155:
1977:. Institute for Global and International Studies. p. 16
1458:"Troop and police contributors. United Nations Peacekeeping"
726:, although many other programs also apply it to their work.
1304:"A.K. Chowdhury: Women Are Essential for Sustainable Peace"
1138:
846:
520:
The operational items in Resolution 1325 broadly call upon
301:
1891:
1875:"What does a feminist foreign policy have to do with men?"
841:
have adopted Regional Action Plans (RAPs), including the
774:
2166:
on the 20th Anniversary of UNSCR 1325 (30 October 2020)
1558:
1213:
U.S. National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security
655:
NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security (NGO WG)
418:
acknowledged the disproportionate and unique impact of
1607:
Bell, Christine; O'Rourke, Catherine (October 2010).
748:
sexual exploitation and abuse by peacekeeping forces
641:, and finally to bear in mind the provisions of the
504:
Recognize the need to adopt a gender perspective in
1969:
1582:. Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights.
422:on women and girls. It calls for the adoption of a
2101:"S/RES/2122(2013) - E - S/RES/2122(2013) -Desktop"
2083:"S/RES/2106(2013) - E - S/RES/2106(2013) -Desktop"
1539:. Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights
1120:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
1065:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
2065:"People and Structure - Organisational structure"
1637:20.500.11820/4a9922e7-e752-4a2c-a726-6821382cdbe7
1083:Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children
860:
729:
554:Protection of women and girls in refugee settings
2488:2000 United Nations Security Council resolutions
2479:
1950:
1606:
1388:. United Nations Security Council. 6 April 2010.
773:efforts should ensure the equal distribution of
643:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
398:on 31 October 2000, after recalling resolutions
2128:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325
811:
392:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325
1660:"Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO)"
2185:
1853:. London, UK: Zed Books Ltd. pp. 88â89.
1574:
1314:
565:Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
1225:
1060:peace, and security, original members were:
821:Local Action Plans and Regional Action Plans
794:World map showing the status of NAPs in 2024
501:in the protection of women and their rights.
2201:United Nations Security Council resolutions
1616:International and Comparative Law Quarterly
1011:
2192:
2178:
1676:
1506:
1320:
1208:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
1813:
1635:
1559:"Global Network of Women's Peacebuilders"
1301:
1275:
992:criticize Resolution 1325 for relying on
851:Economic Community of West African States
659:United Nations Development Fund for Women
32:United Nations resolution adopted in 2000
1848:
1788:
1428:"- National Action Plan Resource Center"
1354:
1321:Tryggestad, Torunn L. (1 October 2009).
874:
789:
785:
2144:Women and Peace Agreements 1325 Dataset
1028:
14:
2480:
1302:Chowdhury, Anwarul (31 October 2010).
1141:and other forms of sexual violence as
1125:
983:
669:, then Minister of Women's Affairs in
621:and the Protocol thereto of 1967, the
585:Incorporate a gender perspective into
445:, to support women's participation in
2173:
2022:. Taylor & Francis. p. 206.
1709:
1707:
1570:
1568:
1278:"Resolution 1325 - Use It or Lose It"
724:Department of Peacekeeping Operations
631:Convention on the Rights of the Child
479:More specifically, the observations:
2134:Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
1531:
1507:Dharmapuri, Sahana (November 2011).
1432:National Action Plan Resource Center
1397:
1395:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1350:
1348:
438:, and post-conflict reconstruction.
607:: The resolution requests that the
24:
1879:LSE Women, Peace and Security blog
1704:
1565:
1475:
1257:"Security Council Resolution 1325"
909:the resolution. Findings include:
847:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
25:
2514:
2115:
1958:Gender Matters in Global Politics
1392:
1373:
1345:
1241:. 31 October 2000. Archived from
1054:
716:
711:
2121:
1717:. S/2014/693. 23 September 2014.
1686:Global Responsibility to Protect
1488:. Cordaid and GNWP. October 2014
1118:IvergÄrd and Lina HjÀrtström of
612:studies to the Security Council.
346:
333:
320:
307:
294:
281:
268:
255:
242:
229:
200:
187:
174:
161:
148:
2162:from National Security Advisor
2093:
2075:
2057:
2036:
2011:
1989:
1963:
1924:
1885:
1867:
1851:Gender, Violence & Security
1842:
1807:
1791:Gender, Violence & Security
1782:
1766:
1742:
1721:
1670:
1652:
1600:
1586:
1551:
1525:
1500:
1450:
578:Women's political participation
466:
455:United Nations Security Council
2148:Transitional Justice Institute
1894:"Honor and political violence"
1420:
1295:
1269:
1249:
861:Non-governmental organizations
730:Four pillars of implementation
13:
1:
1793:. London, UK: Zed Books Ltd.
1218:
978:
461:
2153:Resources on Resolution 1325
1276:Landsberg, Michelle (2003).
1088:Hague Appeal for Peace (HAP)
812:Challenges to implementation
7:
1849:Shepherd, Laura J. (2008).
1789:Shepherd, Laura J. (2008).
1677:Dharmapuri, Sahana (2012).
1195:
953:internally displaced person
903:
687:Beijing Platform for Action
493:Reaffirm the importance of
10:
2519:
2493:Women's rights instruments
1355:Cockburn, Cynthia (2011).
1308:Universal Peace Federation
1045:
661:(UNIFEM; now succeeded by
648:
599:Gender balancing in the UN
544:, and prosecute offenders.
495:international humanitarian
2211:
1938:. United Nations. para 17
1932:"Text of Resolution 1325"
1898:Journal of Peace Research
1628:10.1017/S002058931000062X
1339:10.1163/19426720-01504011
1033:Resolution 1325 supports
869:
362:
216:
138:
130:
122:
88:
83:Women, peace and security
78:
66:
58:
50:
37:
1910:10.1177/0022343317711241
1828:10.1177/0967010606064139
1698:10.1163/187598412X639728
1012:Exclusive focus on women
453:. It was also the first
2498:2000 in women's history
619:1951 Refugee Convention
587:peacekeeping operations
538:crimes against humanity
515:
451:wartime sexual violence
1408:. United Nations. 2010
882:2011 Nobel Peace Prize
839:regional organizations
795:
667:Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah
1245:on 29 September 2006.
1071:Amnesty International
886:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
875:Recognition and scope
855:Pacific Islands Forum
793:
786:National Action Plans
739:relief and recovery.
1532:Cohn, Carol (2003).
1035:gender mainstreaming
1029:Gender mainstreaming
609:UN Secretary-General
374:Lists of resolutions
2503:October 2000 events
1265:. 18 December 2014.
1126:Related resolutions
1077:International Alert
1001:Gender essentialism
984:Gender essentialism
771:Relief and recovery
697:, West Africa, and
548:Peace negotiations:
396:UN Security Council
2071:on 9 October 2023.
1106:is an informal or
853:(ECOWAS), and the
796:
447:peace negotiations
434:, rehabilitation,
424:gender perspective
106:None voted against
2475:
2474:
2164:Robert C. O'Brien
2126:Works related to
2029:978-0-415-96325-1
1860:978-1-84277-927-9
1816:Security Dialogue
1800:978-1-84277-927-9
1666:. 28 August 2014.
1327:Global Governance
973:Thania Paffenholz
758:economic security
675:Anwarul Chowdhury
627:Optional Protocol
593:Provide training
389:
388:
385:
384:
140:Permanent members
16:(Redirected from
2510:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2125:
2109:
2108:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2067:. Archived from
2061:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1967:
1961:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1921:
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1597:
1594:"Nobelprize.org"
1590:
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1487:
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1473:
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1468:
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1447:
1445:
1443:
1434:. Archived from
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1399:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1371:
1370:
1368:
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1290:
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921:
625:(CEDAW) and its
499:human rights law
364:
363:
352:
350:
349:
339:
337:
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180:
178:
177:
167:
165:
164:
154:
152:
151:
132:Security Council
114:
107:
100:
59:Meeting no.
40:Security Council
35:
34:
21:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2478:
2477:
2476:
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2118:
2113:
2112:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1890:
1886:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1847:
1843:
1812:
1808:
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1783:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1752:
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1727:
1726:
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1591:
1587:
1579:
1573:
1566:
1557:
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1536:
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1489:
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1481:
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1476:
1466:
1464:
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1441:
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1384:
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1284:
1274:
1270:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1198:
1189:Resolution 2493
1183:Resolution 2467
1177:Resolution 2242
1171:Resolution 2122
1165:Resolution 2106
1159:Resolution 1960
1149:Resolution 1888
1135:Resolution 1820
1128:
1104:Friends of 1325
1057:
1048:
1031:
1014:
986:
981:
941:
919:
906:
894:Tawakkol Karman
877:
872:
863:
823:
814:
788:
736:Resolution 1889
732:
719:
714:
677:, representing
651:
542:sexual violence
540:, particularly
518:
469:
464:
358:
347:
345:
334:
332:
321:
319:
308:
306:
295:
293:
282:
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269:
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256:
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243:
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230:
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188:
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149:
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118:
112:
105:
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91:
54:31 October 2000
42:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2516:
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2456:
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2281:
2276:
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2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
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2189:
2182:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2155:
2150:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2117:
2116:External links
2114:
2111:
2110:
2092:
2074:
2056:
2035:
2028:
2010:
1988:
1962:
1949:
1923:
1904:(6): 748â761.
1884:
1881:. 8 June 2017.
1866:
1859:
1841:
1806:
1799:
1781:
1765:
1741:
1720:
1703:
1692:(2): 241â272.
1669:
1651:
1622:(4): 941â980.
1599:
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1564:
1550:
1524:
1499:
1474:
1449:
1438:on 3 July 2017
1419:
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1333:(4): 539â557.
1313:
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1268:
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1238:United Nations
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1055:Related groups
1053:
1047:
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1030:
1027:
1013:
1010:
985:
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805:human security
787:
784:
779:
778:
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717:United Nations
715:
713:
712:Implementation
710:
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614:
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596:
590:
583:
574:
561:
551:
545:
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514:
513:
512:
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485:peace-building
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460:
443:women's rights
420:armed conflict
387:
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119:
117:
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113:None abstained
109:
102:
94:
92:
90:Voting summary
89:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
31:
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2130:at Wikisource
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1998:
1992:
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1966:
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1937:
1933:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
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1862:
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1852:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1829:
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1459:
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1019:masculinities
1009:
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840:
836:
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776:
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769:
765:
764:Participation
762:
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755:
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749:
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742:
741:
740:
737:
727:
725:
709:
707:
706:civil society
702:
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672:
668:
664:
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656:
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633:and both its
632:
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610:
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597:
594:
591:
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558:refugee camps
555:
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522:member states
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413:
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381: →
380:
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367:←
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2001:. Retrieved
1999:. Peacewomen
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1965:
1957:
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1744:
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1436:the original
1431:
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1363:. Retrieved
1330:
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2105:undocs.org
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