1200:
627:
1164:
a new war, the United States could be attacked by planes flying over one or both poles. This statement was made as part of a recapitulation of his own polar experience, in an exclusive interview with
International News Service. Talking about the recently completed expedition, Byrd said that the most important result of his observations and discoveries is the potential effect that they have in relation to the security of the United States. The fantastic speed with which the world is shrinking – recalled the admiral – is one of the most important lessons learned during his recent Antarctic exploration. I have to warn my compatriots that the time has ended when we were able to take refuge in our isolation and rely on the certainty that the distances, the oceans, and the poles were a guarantee of safety.
789:
515:
508:
31:
681:
238:
166:
933:
274:
717:
591:
2037:
1163:
Admiral
Richard E. Byrd warned today that the United States should adopt measures of protection against the possibility of an invasion of the country by hostile planes coming from the polar regions. The admiral explained that he was not trying to scare anyone, but the cruel reality is that in case of
1466:
On
January 21, 1947, Vance N. Woodall died during a "ship unloading accident". In a crew profile, deckman Edward Beardsley described his worst memory as "when Seaman Vance Woodall died on the Ross Ice Shelf under a piece of roller equipment designed to 'pave' the ice to build an airstrip."
1458:
was named in honor of killed naval aviator
Maxwell A. Lopez. In December 2004, an attempt was made to locate the remains of the plane. In 2007 a group called the George One Recovery Team was unsuccessful in trying to get direct military involvement and raise extensive funds from the
1497:
in a scene where he is discussing
Operation HIGHJUMP with admirals Byrd and Cruzen. The film re-enacted scenes of critical events, such as shipboard damage control and Admiral Byrd throwing items out of an airplane to lighten it to avoid crashing into a mountain. It won the 1948
1089:
killing Ensign
Maxwell A. Lopez, ARM1 Wendell K. Henderson, and ARM1 Frederick W. Williams. The other 6 crew members were rescued 13 days later. These and Vance N. Woodall, who died on January 21, 1947, were the only fatalities during Operation HIGHJUMP.
1446:) during a blizzard. The surviving six crew members were rescued 13 days later, including aviation radioman James H. Robbins and co-pilot William Kearns. A plaque honoring the three killed crewmen was later erected at the
2041:
1139:
Naval ships and personnel were withdrawn back to the United States in late
February 1947, and the expedition was terminated due to the early approach of winter and worsening weather conditions.
1199:
85:, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 70 ships, and 33 aircraft.
4684:
440:
1030:
1414:
1002:
1191:
are readily available at low cost. It is estimated that at least 150,000 such envelopes were produced, though their final number may be considerably higher.
1842:
1924:
82:
1276:
1183:
As with other U.S. Antarctic expeditions, interested persons were allowed to send letters with enclosed envelopes to the base, where commemorative
1499:
1650:
3846:
2169:
1023:
2807:
847:
102:
Determining the feasibility of establishing, maintaining, and utilizing bases in the
Antarctic and investigating possible base sites;
5283:
5227:
2442:
2450:
1902:
5313:
4802:
3808:
2221:
1434:
On
December 30, 1946, aviation radiomen Wendell K. Henderson, Fredrick W. Williams, and Ensign Maxwell A. Lopez were killed when
494:
4399:
3997:
3585:
1016:
332:
1655:
In: Krupnik, I; Lang, MA; Miller, SE (Eds). 2009. Smithsonian at the Poles: Contributions to
International Polar Year Science.
5191:
3137:
757:
667:
4002:
649:
5085:
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4588:
4478:
4247:
2836:
2785:
1177:
901:
739:
404:
811:
75:
4536:
4117:
4056:
1516:
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1556:
1435:
1422:
1133:
386:
71:
2010:
1872:
1748:
1693:
829:
4637:
422:
1989:
1172:
returned to the area in order to provide ground-truthing to the aerial photography of HIGHJUMP from 1947 to 1948.
5298:
5293:
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1834:
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3004:
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206:
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703:
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3148:
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613:
260:
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1956:
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1207:
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3613:
109:
on ice, with particular attention to later applicability of such techniques to operations in interior
5004:
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1324:
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296:
17:
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Consolidating and extending the United States' sovereignty over the largest practicable area of the
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4745:
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2130:
188:
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5221:
4884:
4037:
3911:
3831:
3340:
3167:
2369:
2058:
Colin, Summerhayes; Beeching, Peter (2007). "Hitler's Antarctic base: the myth and the reality".
1770:
Summerhayes, Colin; Beeching, Peter (2007). "Hitler's Antarctic base: The myth and the reality".
1242:
224:
140:
5159:
4725:
2657:
1460:
1292:
1048:
3992:
5288:
5164:
5133:
4938:
4891:
4790:
4594:
4513:
4456:
4205:
4199:
4049:
4007:
3969:
3949:
3544:
3319:
3155:
3065:
3047:
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2925:
2813:
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1251:
919:
368:
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was filmed entirely by military photographers (both USN and US Army) and narrated by actors
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5010:
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3635:
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3396:
3260:
3017:
2979:
2586:
2356:
2324:
2268:
2248:
2067:
1779:
1706:
Paul Allman Siple saw the first light of day on December 18, 1908, in Montpelier, Ohio. ...
1588:
1577:
Summerhayes, C.; Beeching, P. (2007). "Hitler's Antarctic base: the myth and the reality".
1342:
1283:
1260:
1153:. The interview appeared in the Wednesday, March 5, 1947, edition of the Chilean newspaper
1142:
Byrd discussed the lessons learned from the operation in an interview with Lee van Atta of
1094:
1062:
314:
4386:
2791:
2774:
8:
5139:
5061:
4526:
4449:
4365:
4146:
4138:
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3727:
3685:
3180:
3143:
3032:
2796:
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2469:
2274:
1351:
1333:
1301:
1098:
1055:
2779:
2071:
1783:
1592:
1187:
were added to their enclosures, which were then returned to the senders. These souvenir
1121:
was the senior U.S. War Department representative on the expedition. Siple was the same
30:
4860:
4752:
4297:
4272:
3814:
3708:
3672:
3648:
3539:
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3361:
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2317:
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2300:
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2191:
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1936:
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1604:
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883:
63:
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5032:
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4874:
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2708:
2529:
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1552:
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1317:
1223:
1044:
775:
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350:
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1799:
1608:
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4352:
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559:
537:
117:
2102:
Navy Proudly Ends Its Antarctic Mission; Air National Guard Assumes 160-Year Task.
5239:
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2418:
2383:
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1820:
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1455:
1447:
1391:
1235:
1086:
88:
HIGHJUMP's objectives, according to the U.S. Navy report of the operation, were:
78:
3762:
5213:
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5149:
5108:
5098:
5067:
4926:
4916:
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4758:
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4131:
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3838:
3800:
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3618:
3591:
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3534:
3477:
3435:
3425:
3305:
3298:
3195:
3175:
2987:
2947:
2878:
2674:
2649:
2604:
2568:
2562:
2554:
2514:
2509:
2483:
2463:
2231:
1367:
1072:
273:
2079:
1791:
1600:
5272:
5176:
5118:
5113:
5103:
5053:
5048:
5024:
4968:
4845:
4839:
4834:
4433:
4344:
4337:
4092:
3887:
3866:
3734:
3512:
3482:
3450:
3445:
3282:
3188:
3071:
2866:
2679:
2629:
2622:
2614:
2519:
2428:
2263:
1129:
788:
5207:
5201:
4813:
4777:
4643:
4470:
4420:
4359:
4213:
3901:
3852:
3702:
3524:
3487:
3467:
3408:
2942:
2930:
2873:
2801:
2702:
2599:
2593:
2490:
2478:
2351:
2329:
2253:
2206:
1579:
1203:
932:
514:
5244:
5144:
5092:
4910:
4697:
4485:
3860:
3792:
3554:
3413:
3376:
3276:
3268:
3076:
2412:
2115:
2107:
2018:
1864:
1815:
1740:
1689:
1451:
1155:
1122:
1102:
133:
129:
1985:
5043:
4946:
4930:
4772:
4705:
4606:
4015:
3964:
3924:
3246:
2972:
2900:
2842:
2235:
2203:
1521:
1490:
1173:
1118:
1114:
1110:
577:
155:
34:
81:, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral
4565:
3402:
2954:
2737:
125:
110:
96:
67:
2147:
4497:
106:
105:
Developing techniques for establishing, maintaining, and utilizing
1964:
143:
expedition (a smaller equivalent conducted off eastern Greenland).
99:
continent (publicly denied as a goal before the expedition ended);
5124:
4504:
2769:
2745:
2733:
1125:
who accompanied Byrd on the previous Byrd Antarctic expeditions.
507:
237:
121:
3291:
1547:
Where Hell Freezes Over: A Story of Amazing Bravery and Survival
1463:
to try to find the bodies of the three men killed in the crash.
56:
The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947
3370:
2695:
2111:. Story of one of the survivors – James Haskin (Robbie) Robbins
1184:
716:
626:
590:
1651:"Scientific Diving Under Ice: A 40-Year Bipolar Research Tool"
1543:
Kearns, David A. (2005). "Operation Highjump: Task Force 68".
92:
Training personnel and testing equipment in frigid conditions;
2756:
1106:
680:
1648:
113:, where conditions are comparable to those in the Antarctic;
1726:(4). International Scouting Collector's Association: 45–46.
1576:
1068:
had begun launching aircraft on reconnaissance missions.
27:
US Navy operation to establish an Antarctic research base
1061:
set up weather monitoring stations. By December 24, the
3961:
1629:. New York: American Geographical Society. p. 485.
1720:
International Scouting Collector's Association Journal
1639:
Diving Under Antarctic Ice: A History Peter Brueggeman
1493:. It features Chief of Naval Operations Fleet Admiral
1132:
on January 15, 1947, where they began construction of
1741:"Operation Highjump: The Great Antarctic Expedition"
1769:
1763:
1657:: 241–52. Archived from the original on 2012-09-28
1544:
1931:. 2004. Archived from the original on 2006-01-12.
1572:
1570:
1568:
5270:
1865:"Operation Highjump: A Philatelic Introduction"
1500:Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film
1146:held aboard the expedition's command ship, the
1565:
2163:
2109:Antarctic Mayday: The Crash of the George One
2057:
1101:John Marion Dickison utilized "Jack Browne"
1024:
2131:"Declassified Records on Operation Highjump"
2011:"Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature"
1718:Dubill, Andy (December 2008). "Paul Siple".
1404:. Capt. Delbert S. Cornwell, USN, Commanding
1357:. Cdr. Joseph B. Icenhower, USN, Commanding
116:Amplifying existing stores of knowledge of
2170:
2156:
1642:
1248:. Capt. Henry H. Caldwell, USN, Commanding
1031:
1017:
848:United States Antarctic Service Expedition
1682:
1380:Capt. Charles W. Thomas, USCG, Commanding
1348:. Capt. John J. Hourihan, USN, Commanding
1330:. Capt. R. R. Moore, USN, Commanding
1266:. Capt. Edward K. Walker, USN, Commanding
5228:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
2117:Operation Highjump: A Tragedy on the Ice
1813:"A bordo del Monte Olimpo en Alta Mar".
1624:
1538:
1536:
1198:
29:
4803:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1696:from the original on September 24, 2015
1649:Lang, Michael A.; Robbins, Ron (2009).
1168:After the operation ended, a follow-up
1128:The Central Group of ships reached the
1043:The Western Group of ships reached the
14:
5271:
1717:
1542:
1368:CDR Gerald L. Ketchum, USN, Commanding
1307:. Capt. R.A. Mitchell, USN, Commanding
1289:. Capt. John E. Clark, USN, Commanding
1194:
333:Scottish National Antarctic Expedition
47:, participating in Operation Highjump
3947:
2189:
2177:
2151:
1845:from the original on 25 February 2017
1835:"Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition"
1735:
1733:
1533:
1475:The documentary about the expedition
1257:. Cdr. H.M.S. Gimber, USN, Commanding
2142:The Papers of Harry B. Eisenberg Jr.
1905:from the original on 17 October 2018
1711:
1620:
1618:
1394:, Jr. USN, (Ret), Officer in Charge
1298:. Capt. C.F. Bailey, USN, Commanding
1047:on December 12, 1946, whereupon the
4589:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
2786:Norse colonization of North America
2104:Chicago Tribune; February 22, 1998.
1071:The Eastern Group of ships reached
136:propagation conditions in the area;
74:IV. The operation was organized by
24:
4118:United States Exploring Expedition
2095:
2044:from websites or documents of the
1957:"Operation Highjump Crew Recovery"
1751:from the original on 16 March 2018
1730:
1517:Military activity in the Antarctic
1399:Aircraft carrier and flagship USS
1339:. Capt. J.E. Cohn, USN, Commanding
1180:to the same territory until 1948.
1117:by Americans under the Antarctic.
758:6th Norwegian Antarctic Expedition
25:
5325:
5192:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
4560:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
2123:
1627:Americans in Antarctica 1775–1948
1615:
1206:helicopter landing on icebreaker
66:(USN) operation to establish the
5086:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
4479:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2040: This article incorporates
2035:
1875:from the original on 20 May 2018
1551:. New York: Thomas Dunne Books.
1325:Communications and Flagship USS
931:
787:
715:
679:
625:
589:
513:
506:
272:
236:
164:
139:Supplementary objectives of the
5284:United States and the Antarctic
2051:
2003:
1992:from the original on 2016-01-25
1978:
1949:
1925:"News Archives from Antarctica"
1917:
1887:
1857:
1827:
1806:
1625:Bertrand, Kenneth John (1971).
1386:Carrier Group (Task Group 68.4)
1312:Central Group (Task Group 68.2)
1271:Western Group (Task Group 68.1)
1230:Eastern Group (Task Group 68.3)
974:2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition
956:1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition
5314:History of the Ross Dependency
1895:"The Byrd Memorial at McMurdo"
1633:
405:Shackleton's second expedition
207:International Geophysical Year
13:
1:
4465:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
4400:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
3948:
1527:
1512:List of Antarctic expeditions
1429:
1159:and read in part as follows:
704:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
423:Shackleton's third expedition
351:Shackleton's first expedition
278:British Empire / Commonwealth
4822:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
4638:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
4444:French Antarctic Expeditions
4374:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
4260:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
2378:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
2144:at Dartmouth College Library
1409:Base Group (Task Group 68.5)
614:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
261:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
7:
3907:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
3586:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
2451:Andrée's balloon expedition
1505:
1470:
668:Charcot's second expedition
147:
10:
5330:
3108:Franklin's lost expedition
2808:Christian IV's expeditions
2190:
1320:, USN, Commanding Officer
1144:International News Service
1078:On December 30, 1946, the
1003:NBSX (Maudheim Expedition)
650:Charcot's first expedition
495:Trans-Antarctic Expedition
441:Mawson's second expedition
4925:
4656:
4243:
3983:
3960:
3956:
3943:
3462:Great Northern Expedition
3356:
3138:Rae–Richardson expedition
2887:
2732:
2338:British Arctic Expedition
2230:
2202:
2198:
2185:
2080:10.1017/S003224740600578X
2046:United States Coast Guard
1999:– via www.imdb.com.
1941:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1839:Ronne Antarctic Explorers
1792:10.1017/S003224740600578X
1674:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1601:10.1017/S003224740600578X
1213:during Operation Highjump
387:Mawson's first expedition
369:Scott's second expedition
297:Southern Cross Expedition
4746:British Antarctic Survey
4740:Captain Arturo Prat Base
3985:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
830:Byrd's second expedition
315:Scott's first expedition
189:International Polar Year
170:International agreements
5222:Pole of inaccessibility
4885:Antarctic Treaty System
3226:2nd Grinnell expedition
1075:in late December 1946.
812:Byrd's first expedition
225:Antarctic Treaty System
5299:Aviation in Antarctica
5294:Military in Antarctica
2042:public domain material
1461:United States Congress
1214:
1166:
459:Graham Land expedition
48:
5279:History of Antarctica
4892:Transglobe Expedition
4791:Operation Deep Freeze
4200:Challenger expedition
3066:Coppermine expedition
2587:Drifting ice stations
1202:
1161:
920:Operation Deep Freeze
578:New Swabia expedition
33:
1929:Antarctic Connection
1415:Clifford M. Campbell
1284:Seaplane Tender USS
1243:Seaplane Tender USS
1095:Lieutenant Commander
1093:On January 1, 1947,
54:, officially titled
5062:South magnetic pole
3728:Brusilov expedition
2837:Danish colonization
2275:North magnetic pole
2137:. 21 February 2015.
2072:2007PoRec..43....1S
1961:George1Recovery.org
1784:2007PoRec..43....1S
1593:2007PoRec..43....1S
1450:research base, and
1436:their plane crashed
1195:Participating units
1099:Chief Petty Officer
740:Amundsen expedition
560:Filchner expedition
5309:1947 in Antarctica
5304:1946 in Antarctica
4753:Operation Windmill
4734:Operation Highjump
3709:Rusanov expedition
3614:A. E. Nordenskiöld
3358:North East Passage
3162:McClure expedition
1899:South Pole Station
1692:. South-Pole.com.
1444:Martin PBM Mariner
1417:, USN, Commanding
1279:, USN, Commanding
1238:, USN, Commanding
1226:, USN, Commanding
1215:
1170:Operation Windmill
884:Operation Windmill
866:Operation Highjump
64:United States Navy
52:Operation HIGHJUMP
49:
5266:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5257:
4720:Operation Tabarin
4582:Far Eastern Party
4428:Nimrod Expedition
3939:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3498:M. Pronchishcheva
3420:Siberian Cossacks
2889:Northwest Passage
2222:Research stations
2179:Polar exploration
1986:"The Secret Land"
1495:Chester W. Nimitz
1487:Robert Montgomery
1373:Icebreaker USCGC
1318:Richard H. Cruzen
1224:Richard H. Cruzen
1189:philatelic covers
1178:private operation
1134:Little America IV
1113:to log the first
1045:Marquesas Islands
1041:
1040:
776:Luncke expedition
477:Operation Tabarin
83:Ethan Erik Larson
16:(Redirected from
5321:
4767:Ronne Expedition
4252:
4246:
4110:Dumont d'Urville
3958:
3957:
3945:
3944:
3493:V. Pronchishchev
2200:
2199:
2187:
2186:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2138:
2091:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2017:. Archived from
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1963:. Archived from
1953:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1932:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1823:. March 5, 1947.
1810:
1804:
1803:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1574:
1563:
1562:
1550:
1540:
1176:also financed a
1033:
1026:
1019:
1006:
1005:
999:
997:
977:
976:
970:
968:
959:
958:
952:
950:
936:
935:
923:
922:
916:
914:
905:
904:
902:Ronne expedition
898:
896:
887:
886:
880:
878:
869:
868:
862:
860:
851:
850:
844:
842:
833:
832:
826:
824:
815:
814:
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806:
792:
791:
779:
778:
772:
770:
761:
760:
754:
752:
743:
742:
736:
734:
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719:
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671:
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664:
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629:
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610:
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581:
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365:
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336:
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329:
327:
318:
317:
311:
309:
300:
299:
293:
291:
277:
276:
264:
263:
257:
255:
241:
240:
228:
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219:
210:
209:
203:
201:
192:
191:
185:
183:
169:
168:
167:
152:
151:
45:-class submarine
21:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5254:
4929:
4921:
4797:McMurdo Station
4666:Modern research
4664:
4652:
4387:O. Nordenskjöld
4250:
4244:
4239:
4155:Ross expedition
3979:
3952:
3931:
3360:
3352:
2893:Northern Canada
2891:
2883:
2736:
2728:
2234:
2226:
2194:
2181:
2176:
2135:The Black Vault
2129:
2126:
2098:
2096:Further reading
2054:
2036:
2033:
2024:
2022:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1970:
1968:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1716:
1712:
1699:
1697:
1690:"Paul A. Siple"
1688:
1687:
1683:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1623:
1616:
1575:
1566:
1559:
1541:
1534:
1530:
1508:
1478:The Secret Land
1473:
1456:Thurston Island
1448:McMurdo Station
1432:
1392:Richard E. Byrd
1361:Icebreaker USS
1343:Supplyship USS
1334:Supplyship USS
1277:Charles A. Bond
1236:George J. Dufek
1197:
1087:Thurston Island
1037:
1001:
995:
993:
991:
972:
966:
964:
962:
954:
948:
946:
944:
930:
918:
912:
910:
908:
900:
894:
892:
890:
882:
876:
874:
872:
864:
858:
856:
854:
846:
840:
838:
836:
828:
822:
820:
818:
810:
804:
802:
800:
786:
774:
768:
766:
764:
756:
750:
748:
746:
738:
732:
730:
728:
714:
702:
696:
694:
692:
678:
666:
660:
658:
656:
648:
642:
640:
638:
624:
612:
606:
604:
602:
588:
576:
570:
568:
566:
558:
552:
550:
548:
536:
530:
528:
526:
512:
505:
493:
487:
485:
483:
475:
469:
467:
465:
457:
451:
449:
447:
439:
433:
431:
429:
421:
415:
413:
411:
403:
397:
395:
393:
385:
379:
377:
375:
367:
361:
359:
357:
349:
343:
341:
339:
331:
325:
323:
321:
313:
307:
305:
303:
295:
289:
287:
285:
271:
259:
253:
251:
249:
235:
223:
217:
215:
213:
205:
199:
197:
195:
187:
181:
179:
177:
165:
163:
150:
118:electromagnetic
79:Richard E. Byrd
58:, (also called
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5327:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5214:Vostok Station
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5165:Cherry-Garrard
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5005:Southern Cross
5001:
5000:
4999:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4971:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4935:
4933:
4927:Farthest South
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4888:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4842:
4837:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4799:
4794:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4749:
4742:
4737:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4688:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4668:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4624:Ross Sea party
4620:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4585:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4489:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4424:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4408:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4318:Southern Cross
4311:Southern Cross
4307:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4255:
4253:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4196:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4176:
4170:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4057:Bellingshausen
4047:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3954:
3953:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3916:
3904:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3366:
3364:
3362:Russian Arctic
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3178:
3173:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3119:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2804:
2799:
2797:Snæbjörn galti
2794:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2699:
2692:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2664:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2590:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2354:
2349:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2232:Farthest North
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2196:
2195:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2125:
2124:External links
2122:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2053:
2050:
2032:
2031:
2002:
1977:
1948:
1916:
1886:
1856:
1826:
1819:(in Spanish).
1805:
1762:
1729:
1710:
1681:
1641:
1632:
1614:
1564:
1557:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1472:
1469:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1423:Little America
1411:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1401:Philippine Sea
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1352:Submarine USS
1349:
1340:
1331:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1293:Destroyer USS
1290:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1258:
1252:Destroyer USS
1249:
1232:
1231:
1220:
1219:
1196:
1193:
1073:Peter I Island
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
986:
985:
981:
980:
979:
978:
960:
939:
938:
927:
926:
925:
924:
906:
888:
870:
852:
834:
816:
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794:
783:
782:
781:
780:
762:
744:
723:
722:
711:
710:
709:
708:
687:
686:
675:
674:
673:
672:
654:
633:
632:
621:
620:
619:
618:
597:
596:
585:
584:
583:
582:
564:
546:
521:
520:
502:
501:
500:
499:
481:
463:
445:
427:
409:
391:
373:
355:
337:
319:
301:
280:
279:
268:
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266:
265:
244:
243:
232:
231:
230:
229:
211:
193:
172:
171:
160:
159:
149:
146:
145:
144:
137:
134:meteorological
114:
103:
100:
93:
72:Little America
70:research base
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5326:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5163:
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5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4788:
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4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
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4756:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4748:
4747:
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4738:
4736:
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4731:
4727:
4724:
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4722:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4680:
4677:
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4672:
4671:
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4663:
4659:
4655:
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4646:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4626:
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4621:
4619:
4618:
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4612:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4516:
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4511:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4448:
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4446:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4431:
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4429:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4345:Discovery Hut
4343:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4242:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
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4224:
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4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4197:
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4177:
4174:
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4165:
4164:
4159:
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4148:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
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4058:
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4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
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3976:
3973:
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3900:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3875:A. Sibiryakov
3872:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3847:Glavsevmorput
3844:
3840:
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3825:
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3816:
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3528:
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3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
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3463:
3459:
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3437:
3434:
3432:
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3407:
3405:
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3380:
3378:
3375:
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3363:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3342:
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3335:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3293:
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3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
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3259:
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3250:
3249:
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3235:
3230:
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3223:
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3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
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3199:
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3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3149:J. Richardson
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3085:
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3078:
3075:
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3053:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2961:
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2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:M. Corte-Real
2909:
2907:
2906:G. Corte-Real
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:C. Richardson
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2638:Georgiy Sedov
2634:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:Riiser-Larsen
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2454:
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2452:
2448:
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2438:
2434:
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2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
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2415:
2414:
2410:
2409:
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2407:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
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2379:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
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2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2021:on 2020-09-18
2020:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1967:on 2008-01-23
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1944:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1736:
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1725:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1695:
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1685:
1677:
1671:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1636:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1587:(224): 1–21.
1586:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1560:
1558:0-312-34205-5
1554:
1549:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1483:Robert Taylor
1480:
1479:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1363:Burton Island
1359:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:Mount Olympus
1323:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1316:Rear Admiral
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1222:Rear Admiral
1218:Task Force 68
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1150:Mount Olympus
1145:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:Bay of Whales
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1097:Thompson and
1096:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1004:
990:
989:
988:
987:
984:International
983:
982:
975:
961:
957:
943:
942:
941:
940:
934:
929:
928:
921:
907:
903:
889:
885:
871:
867:
853:
849:
835:
831:
817:
813:
799:
798:
797:
796:
793:United States
790:
785:
784:
777:
763:
759:
745:
741:
727:
726:
725:
724:
718:
713:
712:
705:
691:
690:
689:
688:
682:
677:
676:
669:
655:
651:
637:
636:
635:
634:
628:
623:
622:
615:
601:
600:
599:
598:
592:
587:
586:
579:
565:
561:
547:
543:
541:
525:
524:
523:
522:
516:
509:
504:
503:
496:
482:
478:
464:
460:
446:
442:
428:
424:
410:
406:
392:
388:
374:
370:
356:
352:
338:
334:
320:
316:
302:
298:
284:
283:
282:
281:
275:
270:
269:
262:
248:
247:
246:
245:
239:
234:
233:
226:
212:
208:
194:
190:
176:
175:
174:
173:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
142:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:Task Force 68
57:
53:
46:
44:
39:
38:
32:
19:
5289:Oceanography
5220:
5208:Pole of Cold
5206:
5132:
5123:
5091:
5084:
5060:
5031:
5017:
5011:Borchgrevink
5003:
4990:
4975:
4955:
4940:
4909:
4890:
4883:
4867:
4853:
4844:
4827:
4820:
4801:
4789:
4765:
4751:
4744:
4733:
4732:
4718:
4704:
4690:
4683:
4644:
4636:
4622:
4615:
4613:
4595:
4587:
4580:
4567:
4558:
4520:
4512:
4503:
4496:
4484:
4477:
4463:
4451:Pourquoi-Pas
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4421:Orcadas Base
4419:
4411:
4398:
4392:C. A. Larsen
4380:
4372:
4358:
4351:
4338:
4330:
4324:Borchgrevink
4317:
4309:
4266:
4258:
4233:C. A. Larsen
4226:
4207:
4198:
4180:
4162:
4153:
4140:
4125:
4116:
4103:
4064:
4050:
4043:
4024:
4009:
3919:
3912:
3895:
3888:
3874:
3859:
3845:
3832:
3807:
3793:
3791:
3777:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3733:
3726:
3707:
3673:
3671:
3657:
3655:
3637:
3627:
3625:
3605:
3603:
3584:
3460:
3418:
3401:
3369:
3333:
3331:
3311:
3310:
3290:
3289:
3275:
3262:
3247:
3233:
3224:
3211:
3182:
3170:Investigator
3169:
3160:
3136:
3123:
3115:
3106:
3093:
3064:
3041:
3026:
3011:
2981:
2966:
2936:
2855:
2835:
2806:
2802:Erik the Red
2784:
2762:
2755:
2712:submersibles
2709:
2703:Arktika 2007
2701:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2668:
2659:
2656:
2637:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2592:
2585:
2561:
2547:
2546:
2538:
2536:
2502:
2500:
2471:
2468:
2457:S. A. Andrée
2449:
2436:
2411:
2403:
2400:
2376:
2358:
2345:
2336:
2318:
2309:
2307:
2273:
2134:
2116:
2108:
2101:
2063:
2060:Polar Record
2059:
2052:Bibliography
2034:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:the original
2014:
2005:
1994:. Retrieved
1980:
1969:. Retrieved
1965:the original
1960:
1951:
1928:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1898:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1868:
1859:
1847:. Retrieved
1838:
1829:
1814:
1808:
1775:
1772:Polar Record
1771:
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1744:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1705:
1698:. Retrieved
1684:
1670:cite journal
1659:. Retrieved
1654:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1584:
1580:Polar Record
1578:
1546:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1439:
1433:
1412:
1400:
1389:
1374:
1362:
1353:
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1315:
1303:
1294:
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1253:
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1233:
1221:
1209:
1204:Sikorsky R-4
1182:
1167:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1141:
1138:
1127:
1092:
1082:
1080:Martin PBM-5
1077:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1042:
937:Soviet Union
865:
542:) expedition
539:
130:hydrographic
87:
76:Rear Admiral
59:
55:
51:
50:
42:
36:
4911:Lake Vostok
4861:Tryoshnikov
4783:Schlossbach
4674:Christensen
4616:James Caird
4537:E. R. Evans
4303:Dobrowolski
4273:de Gerlache
3975:Expeditions
3861:Aviaarktika
3815:Samoylovich
3686:Kolomeitsev
3580:Middendorff
3540:Gedenshtrom
2960:I. Fyodorov
2722:Chilingarov
2610:E. Fyodorov
2217:Expeditions
1816:El Mercurio
1452:Mount Lopez
1302:Tanker USS
1261:Tanker USS
1245:Pine Island
1156:El Mercurio
1123:Eagle Scout
1111:rebreathers
1085:crashed on
538:Drygalski (
158:expeditions
40:(right), a
5273:Categories
5134:Terra Nova
5039:Shackleton
4982:J. C. Ross
4941:Resolution
4931:South Pole
4706:New Swabia
4630:Mackintosh
4602:Shackleton
4521:Terra Nova
4514:Terra Nova
4248:Heroic Age
4208:Challenger
4168:J. C. Ross
4078:Bransfield
4010:Resolution
3925:icebreaker
3889:Chelyuskin
3630:expedition
3608:Expedition
3550:Matyushkin
3508:Kh. Laptev
3503:Chelyuskin
3397:Heemskerck
3387:Chancellor
3382:Willoughby
3377:Koch boats
3320:Stefansson
3254:McClintock
3218:Inglefield
3060:J. C. Ross
2967:Resolution
2819:Cunningham
2717:Sagalevich
2406:expedition
2365:Stephenson
2325:C. F. Hall
2312:expedition
2286:J. C. Ross
2249:Heemskerck
2236:North Pole
2025:2019-02-10
1996:2015-10-28
1971:2007-10-27
1869:South Pole
1745:South-Pole
1661:2011-01-01
1528:References
1522:New Swabia
1491:Van Heflin
1430:Fatalities
1390:Rear Adm.
1174:Finn Ronne
1119:Paul Siple
222:–present:
126:geographic
122:geological
5233:Tolstikov
5019:Discovery
4989:HMS
4974:HMS
4956:Adventure
4954:HMS
4939:HMS
4875:Tolstikov
4596:Endurance
4381:Antarctic
4366:Drygalski
4339:Discovery
4332:Discovery
4293:Arctowski
4206:HMS
4179:HMS
4173:Abernethy
4161:HMS
4139:USS
4126:Vincennes
4124:USS
4104:Astrolabe
4044:San Telmo
4025:Adventure
4023:HMS
4008:HMS
4003:Kerguelen
3965:Continent
3950:Antarctic
3827:Urvantsev
3785:Vilkitsky
3638:Jeannette
3636:USS
3628:Jeannette
3592:Weyprecht
3570:Pakhtusov
3520:Chichagov
3513:D. Laptev
3456:Permyakov
3431:Stadukhin
3426:Perfilyev
3403:Mangazeya
3341:H. Larsen
3306:Rasmussen
3261:HMS
3232:USS
3181:HMS
3168:HMS
3132:Collinson
3122:HMS
3114:HMS
3092:HMS
3040:HMS
3025:HMS
3010:HMS
2995:Mackenzie
2982:Discovery
2980:HMS
2965:HMS
2937:Discovery
2916:Frobisher
2879:Rasmussen
2792:Gunnbjörn
2738:Greenland
2667:USS
2658:USS
2530:Ellsworth
2472:Roosevelt
2402:Nansen's
2359:Discovery
2357:HMS
2344:HMS
2291:Abernethy
2259:Marmaduke
1937:cite news
1440:George 1—
1375:Northwind
1295:Henderson
1286:Currituck
1210:Northwind
1065:Currituck
1051:Henderson
156:Antarctic
111:Greenland
107:air bases
97:Antarctic
68:Antarctic
62:), was a
35:USS
18:USN OpHjp
5245:A. Fuchs
5202:V. Fuchs
5182:McKinley
5145:E. Evans
5104:Bjaaland
5099:Amundsen
5049:Marshall
4962:Furneaux
4814:V. Fuchs
4778:E. Ronne
4773:F. Ronne
4712:Ritscher
4566:SY
4554:Filchner
4498:Framheim
4492:Amundsen
4298:Racoviță
4283:Amundsen
4278:Lecointe
4147:Ringgold
4141:Porpoise
4031:Furneaux
3867:Shevelev
3822:Begichev
3801:Amundsen
3763:Nagórski
3741:Brusilov
3735:Sv. Anna
3649:Melville
3619:Palander
3575:Tsivolko
3535:Sannikov
3530:Billings
3473:Chirikov
3392:Barentsz
3334:St. Roch
3325:Bartlett
3299:Amundsen
3283:Sverdrup
3183:Resolute
3072:Franklin
3000:Kotzebue
2867:Sverdrup
2850:Scoresby
2824:Lindenov
2675:Plaisted
2660:Nautilus
2605:Shirshov
2579:Belyakov
2574:Baydukov
2548:Nautilus
2510:Amundsen
2470:SS
2429:Sverdrup
2424:Johansen
2394:Brainard
2389:Lockwood
2244:Barentsz
2088:27749390
2066:(1): 1.
1990:Archived
1903:Archived
1873:Archived
1843:Archived
1821:Santiago
1800:27749390
1778:: 1–21.
1749:Archived
1700:June 26,
1694:Archived
1609:27749390
1506:See also
1471:In media
1263:Canisteo
1254:Brownson
1083:George 1
148:Timeline
5250:Messner
5197:Hillary
5177:Balchen
5125:Polheim
5119:Wisting
4997:Crozier
4969:Weddell
4947:J. Cook
4917:Kapitsa
4898:Fiennes
4840:Klenova
4809:Hillary
4759:Ketchum
4685:BANZARE
4660:·
4505:Polheim
4471:Shirase
4457:Charcot
4267:Belgica
4186:Crozier
4098:Morrell
4093:Weddell
4071:Lazarev
4016:J. Cook
3970:History
3920:Arktika
3896:Krassin
3881:Voronin
3853:Schmidt
3839:Ushakov
3778:Vaygach
3746:Albanov
3715:Rusanov
3696:Kolchak
3691:Matisen
3665:Makarov
3644:De Long
3545:Wrangel
3525:Lyakhov
3478:Malygin
3436:Dezhnev
3263:Pandora
3234:Advance
3201:Kennedy
3196:Belcher
3189:Kellett
3176:McClure
3100:Beechey
3094:Blossom
3087:Simpson
3055:Crozier
3048:Hoppner
3005:J. Ross
2973:J. Cook
2921:Gilbert
2814:J. Hall
2780:Ingólfr
2770:Naddodd
2764:Vikings
2751:Brendan
2746:Pytheas
2734:Iceland
2688:Arktika
2680:Herbert
2645:Badygin
2615:Krenkel
2600:Papanin
2569:Chkalov
2555:Wilkins
2520:Wisting
2464:F. Cook
2370:Markham
2330:Bessels
2319:Polaris
2310:Polaris
2281:J. Ross
2264:Carolus
2212:History
2068:Bibcode
1909:5 March
1879:5 March
1849:5 March
1780:Bibcode
1755:5 March
1589:Bibcode
1438:(named
1345:Merrick
1304:Cacapon
1185:cachets
1109:oxygen
1058:Cacapon
1000:–1952:
994: (
971:–1958:
965: (
953:–1957:
947: (
917:–1956:
911: (
899:–1948:
893: (
881:–1948:
875: (
863:–1947:
857: (
845:–1941:
839: (
821: (
809:–1930:
803: (
773:–1958:
767: (
755:–1960:
749: (
737:–1912:
731: (
701:–1912:
695: (
665:–1910:
659: (
647:–1905:
641: (
611:–1904:
605: (
575:–1939:
569: (
557:–1912:
551: (
535:–1903:
529: (
519:Germany
492:–1958:
486: (
474:–1945:
468: (
456:–1937:
450: (
438:–1931:
432: (
420:–1922:
414: (
402:–1917:
396: (
384:–1914:
378: (
366:–1913:
360: (
348:–1909:
342: (
330:–1904:
324: (
312:–1904:
306: (
294:–1900:
288: (
258:–1899:
252: (
242:Belgium
216: (
204:–1958:
198: (
186:–1933:
180: (
5160:Bowers
5155:Wilson
5114:Hassel
5109:Helmer
5078:Mackay
5068:Mawson
5033:Nimrod
4991:Terror
4976:Erebus
4903:Burton
4698:Rymill
4574:Mawson
4568:Aurora
4547:Lashly
4532:Wilson
4435:Nimrod
4412:Scotia
4219:Murray
4194:Cooper
4181:Terror
4163:Erebus
4132:Wilkes
4083:Palmer
4051:Vostok
3998:Bouvet
3922:-class
3902:Gakkel
3770:Taymyr
3751:Konrad
3720:Kuchin
3658:Yermak
3565:Lavrov
3483:Ovtsyn
3468:Bering
3446:Ivanov
3409:Hudson
3371:Pomors
3348:Cowper
3313:Karluk
3212:Isabel
3206:Bellot
3156:Austin
3124:Terror
3116:Erebus
3012:Griper
2988:Clerke
2948:Baffin
2931:Hudson
2862:Nansen
2775:Garðar
2696:Barneo
2563:ANT-25
2539:Italia
2515:Nobile
2484:Henson
2443:Amedeo
2419:Nansen
2384:Greely
2254:Hudson
2192:Arctic
2086:
1798:
1607:
1555:
1489:, and
1413:Capt.
1354:Sennet
1336:Yancey
1275:Capt.
1234:Capt.
1208:USCGC
721:Norway
631:France
595:Sweden
141:Nanook
132:, and
37:Sennet
5240:Crary
5187:Dufek
5150:Oates
5140:Scott
5073:David
5054:Adams
5025:Barne
4846:Mirny
4835:Somov
4645:Quest
4542:Crean
4527:Scott
4406:Bruce
4360:Gauss
4353:Gauss
4227:Jason
4214:Nares
4088:Davis
4065:Mirny
4038:Smith
3993:Roché
3913:Lenin
3833:Sadko
3758:Wiese
3703:Sedov
3674:Zarya
3597:Payer
3560:Litke
3555:Anjou
3488:Minin
3451:Vagin
3441:Popov
3414:Poole
3269:Young
3082:Dease
3027:Hecla
3018:Parry
2943:Bylot
2926:Davis
2901:Cabot
2874:Peary
2856:Jason
2843:Egede
2757:Papar
2669:Skate
2650:Wiese
2630:NP-37
2623:NP-36
2503:Norge
2491:Sedov
2479:Peary
2437:Jason
2352:Nares
2346:Alert
2301:Hayes
2269:Parry
2207:Ocean
2084:S2CID
1796:S2CID
1605:S2CID
1421:Base
1107:DESCO
1103:masks
685:Japan
540:Gauss
43:Balao
5172:Byrd
5093:Fram
5044:Wild
4726:Marr
4692:BGLE
4679:Byrd
4607:Wild
4486:Fram
4288:Cook
3809:AARI
3794:Maud
3681:Toll
3606:Vega
3292:Gjøa
3277:Fram
3240:Kane
3077:Back
3042:Fury
3033:Lyon
2955:Munk
2594:NP-1
2496:Byrd
2413:Fram
2404:Fram
2296:Kane
2015:IMDb
1943:link
1911:2018
1881:2018
1851:2018
1757:2018
1702:2015
1676:link
1553:ISBN
1148:USS
1115:dive
1105:and
1063:USS
1056:USS
1054:and
1049:USS
996:1949
992:1949
967:1956
963:1956
949:1955
945:1955
913:1955
909:1955
895:1947
891:1947
877:1947
873:1947
859:1946
855:1946
841:1939
837:1939
823:1934
819:1934
805:1928
801:1928
769:1957
765:1957
751:1956
747:1956
733:1910
729:1910
697:1910
693:1910
661:1908
657:1908
643:1903
639:1903
607:1901
603:1901
571:1938
567:1938
553:1911
549:1911
531:1901
527:1901
488:1955
484:1955
470:1943
466:1943
452:1934
448:1934
434:1929
430:1929
416:1921
412:1921
398:1914
394:1914
380:1911
376:1911
362:1910
358:1910
344:1907
340:1907
326:1902
322:1902
308:1901
304:1901
290:1898
286:1898
254:1897
250:1897
218:1959
214:1959
200:1957
196:1957
182:1932
178:1932
4869:3rd
4855:2nd
4829:1st
4662:IGY
4658:IPY
3248:Fox
3144:Rae
2710:Mir
2686:NS
2076:doi
1788:doi
1597:doi
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