2669:
3078:
3290:
2681:
3386:
3808:
3187:
3070:
2221:
6662:
3659:(voenkomats) located throughout the Soviet Union. Between January and May of every year, every young Soviet male citizen was required to report to the local voenkomat for assessment for military service, following a summons based on lists from every school and employer in the area. The voenkomat worked to quotas sent out by a department of the General Staff, listing how young men are required by each service and branch of the Armed Forces. The new conscripts were then picked up by an officer from their future unit and usually sent by train across the country. On arrival, they would begin the Young Soldiers' course, and become part of the system of hazing and domination by an older class of draftees, known as
2002:
1037:
3435:, using purely functional titles such as "Division Commander", "Corps Commander", and similar titles. In 1924 it supplemented this system with "service categories", from K-1 (lowest) to K-14 (highest). The service categories essentially operated as ranks in disguise: they indicated the experience and qualifications of a commander. The insignia now denoted the category, not the position of a commander. However, one still had to use functional titles to address commanders, which could become as awkward as "comrade deputy head-of-staff of corps". If one did not know a commander's position, one used one of the possible positions—for example: "Regiment Commander" for K-9.
2492:
2657:, the Red Army drafted a staggering 29,574,900 in addition to the 4,826,907 in service at the beginning of the war. Of these it lost 6,329,600 KIA, 555,400 deaths by disease and 4,559,000 MIA (most captured). Of these 11,444,100, however, 939,700 re-joined the ranks in the subsequently re-took Soviet territory, and a further 1,836,000 returned from German captivity. Thus the grand total of losses amounted to 8,668,400. The majority of the losses were ethnic Russians (5,756,000), followed by ethnic Ukrainians (1,377,400). The German losses on the Eastern Front consisted of an estimated 3,604,800 KIA/MIA (most killed) and 3,576,300 captured (total 7,181,100).
2538:
6766:
405:
6783:
6843:
6831:
3864:
2524:
3005:
2323:
2948:
2262:, which drove the Mongolians over the river. The Soviet troops quartered there in accordance with the mutual defence protocol intervened and obliterated the detachment. Escalation of the conflict appeared imminent, and both sides spent June amassing forces. On July 1 the Japanese force numbered 38,000 troops. The combined Soviet-Mongol force had 12,500 troops. The Japanese crossed the river, but after a three-day battle their opponents threw them back over the river. The Japanese kept probing the Soviet defences throughout July, without success.
6795:
249:
3159:
overthrowing
Gorbachev (absent on the Black Sea coast at the time) or the government. The coup failed primarily because the participants did not take any decisive action, and after several days of their inaction the coup simply stopped. Only one confrontation took place between civilians and the tank crews during the coup, which led to the deaths of three civilians. Although the victims became proclaimed heroes, the authorities acquitted the tank crew of all charges. Nobody issued orders to shoot at anyone.
6855:
6486:
3953:
1698:
3523:) ranks being added in the Army and Air Force for contract NCOs since the rank of Starshina (Sergeant Major) was from now on for conscripts. But in the Soviet Navy, it meant that the Naval rank of Midshipman became a rank for Naval warrant officers since the Navy created the new rank of Ship Chief Sergeant Major for its NCOs in naval service. The year of 1974 saw the rank insignia changed for Army Generals and Navy Fleet Admirals in their parade dress and working and combat dress uniforms.
414:
6807:
2963:. The Soviet Army came to back a Soviet-friendly communist government threatened by multinational, mainly Afghan, insurgent groups called the mujahideen. The insurgents received military training in neighboring Pakistan, China, and billions of dollars from the United States, Saudi Arabia, and other countries. Technically superior, the Soviets did not have enough troops to establish control over the countryside and to secure the border. This resulted from hesitancy in the
3624:
6819:
2177:
6498:
6870:
77:
3336:. Stalin was the last civilian/politician Minister of Defence; from 1947 onwards, the Minister of Defence was a serving general (though the last was an airman). Between 1934 and 1946, 1950 and 1953, a separate Ministry of the Navy existed and the Ministry of Defence was responsible only for land and air forces. In practice, the Navy Minister was a far more junior official and the Defence Ministry continued to dominate policymaking.
899:
179:
3564:(М.В. Фрунзе) Military Academy of the RKKA. The senior and supreme commanders received training at the Higher Military Academic Courses (Высшие военно-академические курсы), renamed in 1925 as the Advanced Courses for Supreme Command (Курсы усовершенствования высшего начальствующего состава); in 1931, the establishment of an Operations Faculty at the Frunze Military Academy supplemented these courses. On April 2, 1936, the
36:
2661:
2761:
2808:
were released from the armed forces. Two military districts were disestablished in 1956. Soviet law required all able-bodied males of age to serve a minimum of two years. As a result, the Soviet Ground Forces remained the largest active army in the world from 1945 to 1991. Soviet units which had taken over the countries of
Eastern Europe from German rule remained to secure the régimes in what became
2368:, which had included a secret protocol delimiting the "spheres of interest" of each party, set the scene for the remarkably smooth partition of Poland between Germany and the USSR. The defined Soviet sphere of interest matched the territory subsequently captured in the campaign. The Soviet and German troops met each other on a number of occasions. Most remarkably, on 22 September 1939, the German
2668:
2991:. Tactically, both sides concentrated on attacking supply lines, but Afghan mujahideen were well dug-in with tunnels and defensive positions, holding out against artillery and air attacks. The decade long war resulted in millions of Afghans fleeing their country, mostly to Pakistan and Iran. At least half a million Afghan civilians were killed in addition to the rebels in the war.
2872:. To improve capabilities for war at a theatre level, in the late 1970s and early 1980s four high commands were established, grouping the military districts, groups of forces, and fleets. The Far Eastern High Command was established first, followed by the Western and South-Western High Commands towards Europe, and the Southern High Command at Baku, oriented toward the Middle East.
3447:" (Комдив, Division Commander). Further complications ensued from the functional and categorical ranks for political officers (e.g., "Brigade Commissar", "Army Commissar 2nd Rank"), for technical corps (e.g., "Engineer 3rd Rank", "Division Engineer"), for administrative, medical and other non-combatant branches. The year before (1934), the revival of personal ranks began with the
3663:, literally "rule by the grandfathers." The "..armed forces of the USSR and Warsaw Pact, working to a common Soviet model, ..relied on young officers to conduct in units all the junior command and training tasks which in many Western armies are done in depots or by regular professional long-service NCOs." There were only a very small number of professional
2302:, and the conflict concluded with an agreement between the USSR, Mongolia and Japan signed on September 15 in Moscow. In the conflict, the Red Army losses were 9,703 killed in action (KIA) and missing in action (MIA) and 15,952 wounded. The Japanese lost 25,000 KIA; the grand total was 61,000 killed, missing, wounded and taken prisoner.
3077:
3795:. In 1937, the Red Army numbered around 1.3 million, and it grew to almost three times that number by June 1941. This necessitated quick promotion of junior officers, often despite their lack of experience or training, with obvious grave implications for the effectiveness of the Army in the coming war against Germany.
875:. The analysis explicitly concluded that "Soviet armies have always been massive" while "they are also highly modernized, well-equipped, and have great firepower... mobility", which meant that "manpower and materiel combined make the present Soviet ground forces a very formidable land army." Although Soviet
2967:, which allowed only a "limited contingent", averaging between 80,000 and 100,000 troops. Consequently, local insurgents could effectively employ hit-and-run tactics, using easy escape-routes and good supply-channels. This made the Soviet situation hopeless from the military point of view (short of using "
3831:
had a number of mechanisms of control over the country's armed forces. First, starting from a certain rank, only a Party member could be a military commander, and was thus subject to Party discipline. Second, the top military leaders had been systematically integrated into the highest echelons of the
3774:
and the Soviet Navy) of the late-Cold War military because of suspicions of loyalty of ethnic minorities to the
Kremlin. Around 80% or more of combat units were staffed by Slavic nationalities while non-combat units usually contained 70% to 90% non-Slavs, especially Central Asians and Caucasians. The
3162:
Following the coup attempt of August 1991, the leadership of the Soviet Union retained practically no authority over the component republics. Nearly every Soviet
Republic declared its intention to secede and began passing laws defying the Supreme Soviet. On December 8, 1991, the Presidents of Russia,
3109:
neighbors to fend for themselves. That same year Soviet forces left
Afghanistan. By the end of 1990, the entire Eastern Bloc had collapsed in the wake of democratic revolutions. As a result, Soviet citizens quickly began to turn against the Soviet government as well. As the Soviet Union moved towards
2305:
Shortly after the cease-fire, the
Japanese negotiated access to the battlefields to collect their dead. Finding thousands upon thousands of dead bodies came as a further shock to the already shaken morale of the Japanese soldiers. The scale of the defeat probably became a major factor in discouraging
2583:
Soviet forces suffered heavy damage in the field as a result of poor levels of preparedness, which was primarily caused by a reluctant, half-hearted and ultimately belated decision by the Soviet
Government and High Command to mobilize the army. Equally important was a general tactical superiority of
2420:
was the second of two wars fought between
Finland and the Soviet Union during World War II. On 25 June 1941 the Soviet Union conducted an air raid on Finnish cities, prompting Finland to declare war and to allow German troops stationed in Finland to begin an offensive. By September 1941, Finland had
3913:
cartridge used by the Mosin–Nagants. The rifle, though of sound design, was never manufactured in the same numbers as the Mosin–Nagants and did not replace them. Soviet experimentation with small-arms began during the Second World War. In 1945 the Red Army adopted the
Simonov SKS, a semi-automatic
3847:
supervised party organizations and conducted party political work within a military unit. He lectured troops on
Marxism–Leninism, the Soviet view of international affairs, and the party's tasks for the armed forces. During World War II the zampolit lost veto authority over the commander's decisions
3743:
than in the Red Army." At the height of World War II, infantry units in the armed forces were composed of Russians (62.95%), Ukrainians (14.52%), Belarusians (1.9%), and various other ethnicities (20.63%). The war had shown that the integration of various ethnic groups was questionable and fragile.
3689:
Despite the official view, the history of inter-ethnic relations in the military was more complicated. As the Bolsheviks consolidated power in the late 1910s and early 1920s, the central leadership became suspicious of the size of the national units. Their sizes were restricted, they were put under
2859:
influenced the Soviet Cold War doctrine of fighting enemies on their own territory, or in a buffer zone under Soviet hegemony, but in any case preventing any war from reaching Soviet soil. In order to secure Soviet interests in Eastern Europe, the Soviet Army moved in to quell anti-Soviet uprisings
3485:
In early 1942 all the functional ranks in technical and administrative corps became regularised ranks (e.g., "Engineer Major", "Engineer Colonel", "Captain of the Intendant Service", etc.). On October 9, 1942, the authorities abolished the system of military commissars, together with the commissar
3167:(CIS). Gorbachev finally resigned on December 25, 1991, and the following day the Supreme Soviet, the highest governmental body, dissolved itself, officially ending the Soviet Union's existence. For the next year and a half various attempts were made to keep the Soviet military in existence as the
2697:
outclassed any other tanks the Germans had when they appeared in 1941, yet most of the Soviet armoured units were less advanced models; likewise, the same supply problem handicapped even the formations equipped with the most modern tanks. The Soviet Air Force initially performed poorly against the
2807:
was temporarily increased to thirty-three, dropping to twenty-one in 1946. The size of the Ground Forces during most of the Cold War remained between 4 million and 5 million, according to Western estimates. However, there was a large-scale reduction in force size in 1953–56; 1.1 million personnel
2063:
At the beginning of its existence, the Red Army functioned as a voluntary formation, without ranks or insignia. Democratic elections selected the officers. However, a decree of May 29, 1918, imposed obligatory military service for men of ages 18 to 40. To service the massive draft, the Bolsheviks
2297:
and masses of artillery (57,000 troops in total), stormed the 75,000 Japanese force deeply entrenched in the area. On August 23 the entire Japanese force found itself encircled, and on August 31 largely destroyed. Artillery and air attacks wiped out those Japanese who refused to surrender. Japan
3179:, the Soviet Army dissolved and the USSR's successor states shared out its assets among themselves. The share out mostly occurred on a regional basis, with Soviet soldiers from Russia becoming part of the new Russian Army, while Soviet soldiers originating from Kazakhstan became part of the new
2383:
According to post-1991 Russian sources, the Red Army force in Poland numbered 466,516. The Red Army troops faced little resistance, mainly due to the entanglement of the majority of the Polish forces in fighting Germans along the Western border, but partly due to an official order by the Polish
3681:
For years, Soviet leadership argued that Soviet military played a role in decreasing ethnic tensions and nationalist loyalties. According to professor Deborah Yarsike Ball, Soviet historians, such as B. F. Klochkov, argued that, "the Red Army strengthened friendship between soldiers of various
2468:
occurred in June 1944. The attack drove the Finns from most of the territories that they had gained during the war, but the Finnish Army halted the offensive in August 1944. Hostilities between Finland and the USSR ended with a ceasefire, which was called on 5 September 1944, formalised by the
2932:
defined it in 1975 as 'a system of views on the nature of war and methods of waging it, and on the preparation of the country and army for war, officially adopted in a given state and its armed forces.' Soviet theorists emphasised both the political and 'military-technical' sides of military
3158:
of old-guard communists. Commanders sent tanks into the streets of Moscow, but (according to all the commanders and soldiers) only with orders to ensure the safety of the people. It remains unclear why exactly the military forces entered the city, but they clearly did not have the goal of
279:
2571:
At the time of the Nazi assault on the Soviet Union in June 1941, the Red Army had 303 divisions and 22 brigades (4.8 million troops), including 166 divisions and 9 brigades (2.9 million troops) stationed in the western military districts. Their Axis opponents deployed on the
2933:
doctrine, while from the Soviet point of view, Westerners ignored the political side. According to Harriet F Scott and William Scott, the political parts of Soviet military doctrine best explained the international moves that the Soviet Union undertook during the Cold War.
2380:, when the German 137th Gebirgsjägerregimenter (mountain infantry regiment) attacked a Soviet reconnaissance detachment.; After a few casualties on both sides, the parties negotiated, the German troops left the area, and the Red Army troops entered L'viv on 22 September.
3289:
2353:), using the official pretext of coming to the aid of the Ukrainians and the Belarusians threatened by Germany, which had attacked Poland on September 1, 1939. The Soviet invasion opened a second front for the Poles and forced them to abandon plans for defence in the
3775:
military branches associated with high technology services, such as the Navy, Strategic Rocket Forces, and the Air Force, were disproportionately made up of Russians. In addition, Russians made up 69.4% of the officer corps, while the Slavic number is up to 89.7%.
2975:, Soviet media started to report heavy losses, which made the war very unpopular in the USSR in general, even though actual losses remained modest, averaging 1670 per year. The war also became a sensitive issue internationally, which finally led General Secretary
3198:, comprising the bulk of what was still left of the military. The last vestiges of the old Soviet command structure were finally dissolved in June 1993. In the next few years, the former Soviet forces withdrew from central and Eastern Europe (including the
3778:
By 1990, Slavic troops still made a majority of Soviet soldiers. In total, 69.2% of all military members were ethnic Slavic (Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian), 1.9% were Baltic people, 20.6% were Muslim-Turkic people and 8.3% were all other types of people.
3886:
rifle remained the primary shoulder firearm of the Red Army through World War II. Over 17 million model 91/30 Mosin–Nagant rifles were manufactured from 1930 to 1945 by various Soviet arsenals. In 1943 design started on the M44, designed to replace the
3798:
In the highest echelons of the Red Army the Purges removed 3 of the 5 marshals, 13 of 15 generals of the army, 8 of 9 admirals, 50 of 57 army corps generals, 154 out of 186 division generals, 16 of 16 army commissars, and 25 of 28 army corps commissars.
3134:
on January 19–20, 1990, removing the rebellious republic government and allegedly killing hundreds of civilians in the process. On January 13, 1991, Soviet forces stormed the State Radio and Television Building and the television retranslation tower in
3690:
close supervision, and eventually disbanded by 1938. The national units were briefly brought back during World War II before being disbanded again in the mid-1950s. In 1956, when soldier were ordered to respond to protesters in the Georgian capital of
2692:
In the first part of the war, the Red Army fielded weaponry of mixed quality. It had excellent artillery, but it did not have enough trucks to manoeuvre and supply it; as a result the Wehrmacht (which rated it highly) captured much of it. Red Army
2584:
the German army, which was conducting the kind of warfare that it had been combat-testing and fine-tuning for two years. The hasty pre-war growth and over-promotion of the Red Army cadres as well as the removal of experienced officers caused by the
3791:. The Purges had the objective of cleansing the Red Army of "politically unreliable elements", mainly among the higher-ranking officers. This inevitably provided a convenient pretext for settling personal vendettas and eventually resulted in a
3539:. Many of the former RKKA Staff officers had served as General Staff officers in the Russian Empire and became General Staff officers in the USSR. General Staff officers typically had extensive combat experience and solid academic training.
3104:
From 1985 to 1991, the new leader of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, attempted to reduce the strain the Army placed on economic demands. His government slowly reduced the size of the army. By 1989 Soviet troops were leaving their
2622:, and instead invoked the deeper-rooted patriotic feelings of the population, embracing Tsarist Russian history. Propagandists proclaimed the War against the German aggressors as the "Great Patriotic War", in allusion to the
2408:
began when the Soviet Union attacked Finland on 30 November 1939, two months after the invasion of Poland by Germany that started World War II. Because the attack was judged as illegal, the Soviet Union was expelled from the
293:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
2122:. Although this sometimes resulted in inefficient command, the Party leadership considered political control over the military necessary, as the Army relied more and more on experienced officers from the pre-revolutionary
3654:
The Soviet Armed Forces were manned through conscription, which had been reduced in 1967 from three to two years (with remaining three years service in naval forces). This system was administered through the thousands of
2563:
had developed detailed plans for a Soviet campaign. On February 3, 1941, the final plan of Operation Barbarossa gained approval, and the attack was scheduled for the middle of May, 1941. However, the events in Greece and
840:
applied, which meant that all able-bodied males aged eighteen and older were drafted into the armed forces. International observers regarded the armed organizations as collectively one of the strongest such forces in
2511:
hegemony. Nazi Germany and Britain had no common land border, but a state of war existed between them; the Germans had an extensive land border with the Soviet Union, but the latter remained neutral, adhering to a
3474:; the other senior functional ranks ("Division Commissar", "Division Engineer", etc.) remained unaffected. On November 2, 1940, the system underwent further modification with the abolition of functional ranks for
3438:
On September 22, 1935, the Red Army abandoned service categories and introduced personal ranks. These ranks, however, used a unique mix of functional titles and traditional ranks. For example, the ranks included
3344:
2559:', which opened by saying "the German Armed Forces must be prepared to crush Soviet Russia in a quick campaign before the end of the war against England". Even before the issuing of the directive, the German
3682:
nationalities." The official view of the military was that it was a "school of internationalism," where all the various people of the Soviet Union could develop unity and respect for each other. During the
3555:
of the RKKA (Академия Генерального штаба РККА), an alias of the Nicholas General Staff Academy (Николаевская академия Генерального штаба) of the Russian Empire. On August 5, 1921, the academy became the
3110:
disintegration, the reduced military was rendered feeble and ineffective and could no longer prop up the ailing Soviet government. The military got involved in trying to suppress conflicts and unrest in
2915:
bombers and their U.S. and allied fighter escorts The Soviet Union invested heavily in nuclear capabilities, especially in the production of ballistic missiles and of nuclear submarines to deliver them.
4879:
4040:
4006:
2698:
Germans. The quick advance of the Germans into the Soviet territory made reinforcement difficult, if not impossible, since much of the Soviet Union's military industry lay in the west of the country.
1241:
261:
3175:
and some other breakaway republics swore loyalty to their new national governments, while a series of treaties between the newly independent states divided up the military's assets. Following
2243:, agreed to co-operate in the field of defence. On March 12, 1936, the co-operation increased with the ten-year Mongolian-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, which included a mutual defence protocol.
2396:, robbing and murdering Poles. Nonetheless, the Red Army sustained losses of 1,475 killed and missing and 2,383 wounded. The losses of the opposing Polish troops are estimated at 6,000–7,000.
3516:
in 1955. In the 1960s however, it became a rank of its own when new regulations revived the Fleet Admiral rank in the Soviet Navy, thus becoming the naval equivalent to General of the Army.
2372:
had occupied Brest-Litovsk, which lay within the Soviet sphere of interest. When the Soviet 29th Tank Brigade approached Brest-Litovsk, the commanders negotiated a German withdrawal, and a
5053:
Lester W. Grau and Ali Ajmad Jalali, "The Campaign for the Caves: The Battles for Ahawar in the Soviet-Afghan War" Foreign Military Studies Office, Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, reprinted from
794:, which subsumed much of the Soviet Armed Forces. Multiple sections of the former Soviet Armed Forces in the other, smaller Soviet republics gradually came under those republics' control.
3347:
also held the title of First Deputy Minister of Defence. By the 1980s there was another eleven Deputy Minister of Defence; including the commanders-in-chief of the five service branches.
2971:" tactics, which the Soviets did not practice except in World War II in their own territory). The understanding of this made the war highly unpopular within the Army. With the coming of
5405:
3667:(NCOs), as most NCOs were conscripts sent on short courses to prepare them for section commanders' and platoon sergeants' positions. These conscript NCOs were supplemented by
2618:
The Soviet government adopted a number of measures to improve the state and morale of the retreating Red Army in 1941. Soviet propaganda turned away from political notions of
2072:. Democratic election of officers was also abolished by decree, while separate quarters for officers, special forms of address, saluting, and higher pay were all reinstated.
2048:. February 23 became an important national holiday in the Soviet Union, later celebrated as "Soviet Army Day", and it continues as a celebration day in present-day Russia as
5307:
3168:
2103:"). A number of prominent Red Army commanders had previously served as Imperial Russian generals. In fact, a number of former Imperial military men, notably a member of the
501:
2580:
on the ground, the loss of major equipment, tanks, artillery, and major Soviet defeats as German forces trapped hundreds of thousands of Red Army soldiers in vast pockets.
5809:
5792:
3320:
2646:—although it soon restored them. The Red Army re-introduced military ranks and adopted many additional individual distinctions such as medals and orders. The concept of a
1520:
1132:
1117:
568:
303:
5839:
3532:
2803:
Men within the Soviet Armed Forces dropped from around 11.3 million to approximately 2.8 million in 1948. In order to control this demobilisation process, the number of
1392:
913:
5046:
Lehrke, Jesse Paul. "The Transition to National Armies in the Former Soviet Republics, 1988–2005." Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge (2013). See especially Chapters 1–4 (see:
4127:
3872:
3343:, who was responsible for operations and planning, and the First Deputy Minister of Defence for General Affairs, who was responsible for administration. From 1955 the
2680:
6774:
3976:
3493:
In early 1943 a unification of the system saw the abolition of all the remaining functional ranks. The word "officer" became officially endorsed, together with the
5782:
2517:
3385:
6302:
5802:
3454:
There were further modifications to the system. 1937 saw the Junior Lieutenant and Junior Military Technician ranks being added. On May 7, 1940, the ranks of "
1735:
1148:
4887:
6586:
5828:
5797:
3848:
but retained the power to report to the next highest political officer or organization on the political attitudes and performance of the unit's commander.
3316:
1229:
1143:
6899:
5787:
5739:
1417:
1112:
212:
3933:
assault rifle replaced the AKM: it utilized no less than 51% of the AKM's parts. Designers put together the new weapon as a counterpart to the American
3146:
By mid-1991, the Soviet Union had reached a state of emergency. According to the official commission (the Soviet Academy of Sciences) appointed by the
2373:
1122:
6639:
6036:
3807:
2980:
1650:
542:
313:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
6742:
3751:
was crucial in the organization, many non-Slavic servicemen entered the military with "no previous to communicate in Russian." According to a 1980
4391:
2022:
3497:
that superseded the previous rank insignia. The ranks and insignia of 1943 did not change much until the last days of the USSR; the contemporary
2555:(German for "Drive towards the East") remained the order of the day. This culminated, on December 18, in the issuing of 'Directive No. 21 – Case
1189:
3568:
was re-instated; it became a principal school for the senior and supreme commanders of the Red Army and a centre for advanced military studies.
3486:
ranks. The functional ranks remained only in medical, veterinary and legislative corps. By then the Naval rank of Midshipman was revived in the
879:
in general merited comment, "the ground forces constituted the largest of the five Soviet military services" as of the date the research ended.
6661:
4814:
4077:
3034:
2088:
5734:
5347:
4627:
3143:, both under opposition control, killing 14 people and injuring 700. This action was perceived by many as heavy-handed and achieved little.
2464:
equipment. The conflict stabilised with only minor skirmishes until the tide of the war turned against the Germans and the Soviet strategic
6904:
5400:
1360:
771:
554:
3922:
assault rifle began: planners envisaged troops using it in conjunction with the SKS, but it soon replaced the SKS completely. In 1959 the
6534:
5919:
5889:
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4663:
Christopher Donnelly, "The Pattern of Military Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe," IISS conference paper, Moscow, March 2001.
6176:
6136:
6046:
5857:
5373:
5121:
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3966:
3254:. While in many places the withdrawal and division took place without any problems, the Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet remained in the
3194:
In mid-March 1992, Yeltsin appointed himself as the new Russian Minister of Defence, marking a crucial step in the creation of the new
3086:
1728:
1645:
1535:
1066:
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offset the balance even more favourably for the Germans. Finally, the sheer numeric superiority of the Axis cannot be underestimated.
6847:
6765:
6164:
6059:
5931:
5717:
1078:
1012:
5079:
Brenda J. Vallance, "Corruption and reform in the Soviet military," The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Volume 7, 1994 - Issue 4
3423:. It was seen as a "heritage of tsarism.". In particular, the Bolsheviks condemned the use of the word "officer" and used the word "
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6543:
6069:
5986:
5879:
3513:
2422:
1655:
1620:
1350:
1088:
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came out as a modernised version of the AK-47, this was created to ease manufacture and improve aspects of the AK-47. In 1978 the
141:
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6009:
5816:
5683:
4424:
3552:
2430:
1670:
1660:
1330:
1179:
4282:
113:
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6598:
5707:
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3195:
2780:, was formed in 1948. The Ministry was briefly divided into two again from 1950 to 1953, but then was amalgamated again as the
2389:
1404:
1246:
1708:
6889:
6194:
5695:
5661:
5649:
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were under the joint management of the Defence and Interior Commissariats. In 1989, the Soviet Armed Forces consisted of the
6121:
3293:
The scheme of command and control of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union at the beginning of 1989 (V.I. Feskov et al. 2013)
2650:
re-appeared: units which had shown exceptional heroism in combat gained the names of "Guards Regiment", "Guards Army", etc.
2642:
stopped, and priests revived the tradition of blessing arms before battle. The Communist Party abolished the institution of
2576:
181 divisions and 18 brigades (3.8 million troops). The first weeks of the war saw the annihilation of virtually the entire
6735:
6579:
6231:
5999:
1991:
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warrant officers, positions created in the 1960s to support the increased variety of skills required for modern weapons.
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in Hungary. In the Soviet Union itself, forces were divided by the 1950s among fifteen military districts, including the
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and its allies dominated most of the European continent. Only the United Kingdom (in the West) was actively challenging
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Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Supreme Command not to engage in combat with the Soviet troops, and also partly because many Polish citizens in the
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Confrontation with the US and NATO during the Cold War mainly took the form of threatened mutual deterrence with
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a Japanese attack on the USSR during World War II, which allowed the Red Army to switch a large number of its
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According to the all-union military service law of September 1925, the Soviet Armed Forces consisted of the
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The late 1930s saw the "Purges of the Red Army cadres", occurring against the historical background of the
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There were also a number of armed organisations beyond the Ministry of Defence; in 1989 these included
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since 2004. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine maintain cooperation with NATO as well.
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but it often proved incapable of restoring peace and order. On April 9, 1989, the army, together with
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offered the Bolsheviks his professional services in 1920, they decided to permit the conscription of
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Telegram from the German Ambassador in the Soviet Union, (Schulenburg) to the German Foreign Office
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saw the recruitment of 600,000 to 1,400,000 former Soviet citizens into the German military on the
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Soviet minorities were not treated equally and many carried anti-regime views. According to a 1983
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represented the first foreign campaign of the Red Army. The Soviet counter-offensive following the
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Inter-ethnic relations in the military did not improve after World War II. In fact, although the
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Belarus, and Ukraine declared the Soviet Union dissolved and signed the document setting up the
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The Soviet Union only had Ground Forces, Air Forces, and the Navy in 1945. The two ministries (
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commemorating the Soviet Armed Forces and some of its most important World War II battles –
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was much different from U.S. military usage of the term. Soviet Minister of Defence Marshal
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area, thus hastening the Polish defeat. The Soviet and German advance halted roughly at the
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at first met with success, but Polish forces halted it at the disastrous (for the Soviets)
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of the Soviet Union and to deter and to fend off pro-independence resistance and later
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Losses Suffered by USSR Armed Forces in Wars, Combat Operations, and Military Conflicts
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Soviet Army conscript's military service book.#1, Place of birth, #2 Nationality (i.e.
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By 1972, the final transformation of military ranks began as the rank of Praporshchik (
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On September 17, 1939, the Red Army marched its troops into the eastern territories of
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members. Over 90% of all officers in the armed forces were party or Komsomol members.
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and the USSR, recognising the threat from the mounting Japanese military presence in
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4239:. Translated by A law on the mandatory military draft. prlib.ru. 12 October 1967.
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rose against the Poles, and communist partisans organised local revolts, e.g. in
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of February 23, 1918, marked the day of the first mass draft of the Red Army in
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4560:"Soviet Involvement in the Korean War: A New View from the Soviet-Era Archives"
4406:. (Official publication of the Polish Army). Last accessed on 28 November 2006.
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and semiautomatic firearms throughout World War II. The semiautomatic Tokarev
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were also generally barred from joining elite or strategic positions (like the
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schools, mandatory for officers applying for senior ranks (e.g., the rank of
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region—Ukrainians and Belarusians—viewed the advancing troops as liberators.
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rank (which, from 1945 was already equivalent to Marshal) was later renamed
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The Transition to National Armies in the Former Soviet Republics, 1988–2005
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Sabch’ota Sotsialist’uri Resp’ublik’ebis K’avshiris Sheiaraghebuli Dzalebi
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Changing Orders: The Evolution of the World's Armies, 1945 to the Present
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throughout the armed forces to influence the activities of the military.
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indicate countries occupied while the Soviet Union was a member of the
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Soviet and Russian military expenditures in billions of 2015 US dollars
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1958 stamp depicting the three main branches: Air Force, Navy and Army.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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4872:, Coulsdon, Surrey: Janes's Information Group; Alexandria, VA: 1988.
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Suvorov 1982 gives the figure of six months with a training division.
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In 1989 over 20% of all armed forces personnel were party members or
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3575:) educational facilities called "academies" do not correspond to the
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On September 22, 1935, the authorities renamed the RKKA Staff as the
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3150:(the higher chamber of the Russian parliament) immediately after the
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2864:(1953), Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968). As a result of the
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2533:) urges Soviet troops forward against German positions (12 July 1942)
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and do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved.
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The Soviet Union established an indigenous arms industry as part of
3154:, the Army did not play a significant role in what some describe as
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After the end of the war in Europe, the Red Army attacked Japan and
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by cutting the northern supply routes and by digging in until 1944.
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5034:. Washington, D.C.: Library Of Congress. Federal Research Division.
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Key Personnel and Organisations of the Soviet Military High Command
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took place. The Soviet Union and the United States supported loyal
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or to cut the Kirov (Murmansk) Railway, a transit route for Soviet
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2018:
2006:
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Sovetakan sots’ialistakan hanrapetut’yunneri miut’yan zinvats uzher
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4931:. Translated by U.S. government. Moscow: Military Publishing House
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Vooruzhonnyye Sily Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik
3202:), as well as from the newly independent post-Soviet republics of
2421:
regained its post–Winter War concessions to the Soviet Union: the
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opened a major offensive with heavy air attack and three hours of
1761:
Vooruzhonnyye Sily Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik
397:
Vooruzhonnyye Sily Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik
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4417:"LEAGUE OF NATIONS' EXPULSION OF THE U.S.S.R., DECEMBER 14, 1939"
4030:'Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics'
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1945:Սովետական սոցիալիստական հանրապետությունների միության զինված ուժեր
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898:
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in 1984 found that the Soviets maintained a notable reach across
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27:
Military forces of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1918–1993)
4699:"Ethnic Conflict, Unit Performance, and the Soviet Armed Forces"
2760:
1886:): Форцеле армате але Униуна Републичилори Сочиалисть Советичь,
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assault rifle, and the Russian army continues to use it today.
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education in the Red Army was provided by the facilities named
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1840:საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკების კავშირის შეიარაღებული ძალები
1812:
Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikalari Ittifoqining qurolli kuchlari
872:
817:. The OGPU was later made independent and amalgamated with the
550:
4762:
Central European Journal of International and Security Studies
2824:, but there were also smaller forces elsewhere, including the
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Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjungos Ginkluotosios Pajėgos
6019:
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United Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States
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2385:
2099:: "военспец" an abbreviation of "военный специалист", i.e., "
1806:Совет Социалистик Республикалари Иттифоқининг қуролли кучлари
1795:
Uzbrojenyja Sily Sajuza Savieckich Sacyjalistyčnych Respublik
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Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century
4758:"Military Defection During the Collapse of the Soviet Union"
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4510:
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The early Red Army never adopted the idea of a professional
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General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1934:
Quvvahoji Musallahi Ittihodi Çumhurihoji Şūraviji Sosialistī
1917:
Sovettik Sotsialisttik Respublikalar Soyuzu Kuralduu Küçtörü
1889:
Forțele armate ale Uniuna Republicilori Socialisti Sovietici
1863:
Sovet Sosialist Respublikaları İttifaqının Silahlı Qüvvələri
1857:Совет Сосиалист Республикалары Иттифагынын Силаһлы Гүввәләри
1778:
Zbroyni Syly Soyuzu Radyansʹkykh Sotsialistychnykh Respublik
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4012:Вооружённые Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик
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proved decisive in what became known to the Soviets as the
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1755:Вооружённые Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик
818:
392:Вооружённые Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик
4645:
4520:
3535:, which essentially reincarnated the General Staff of the
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uses largely the same system. The old functional ranks of
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A generation of brilliant Soviet commanders (most notably
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A colorized photo of Red Army soldiers during World War II
2052:. Credit as the founder of the Red Army generally goes to
1911:Советтик Социалисттик Республикалар Союзу Куралдуу Күчтөрү
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5936:
4505:
4481:
4195:"Soviets have not hardened position on SLCM – Akhromeyev"
4095:
3977:
List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS
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carbine. In 1949 production of the 7.62×39mm Kalashnikov
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3843:) served as a political commissar of the armed forces. A
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2740:. Japan surrendered unconditionally on 2 September 1945.
1928:Қувваҳои Мусаллаҳи Иттиҳоди Ҷумҳуриҳои Шӯравии Сосиалистӣ
1900:
Padomju Sociālistisko Republiku Savienības Bruņotie Spēki
1861:
706:
701:
3725:. In addition, more than 250,000 volunteer nationals of
2936:
2630:. References to ancient Russian military heroes such as
2595:) learned from the defeats, and Soviet victories in the
2025:) (January 28, 1918), basing it on the already-existing
1968:
Sowet Sosialistik Respublikalary Soýuzy Ýaragly Güýçleri
1829:
Keńestik Socıalistik Respýblıkalar Odaǵy Qarýly Kúshteri
1793:
302:
to this template: there are already 945 articles in the
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Red Banner: the Soviet military system in peace and war
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report by Alexander Alexiev and S. Enders Wimbush, the
2796:. Also falling within the Soviet Armed Forces were the
1823:Кеңестік Социалистік Республикалар Одағы Қарулы Күштері
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385:
Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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Alexiev, Alexander; Wimbush, S. Enders (August 1983).
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Alexiev, Alexander; Wimbush, S. Enders (August 1983).
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4308:
3815:), #3 Party affiliation (i.e. the year of joining the
1962:Совет Сосиалистик Республикалары Союзы Яраглы Гүйчлери
1949:
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1844:
1789:Узброеныя Сілы Саюза Савецкіх Сацыялістычных Рэспублік
1772:Збройні Сили Союзу Радянських Соціалістичних Республік
4975:
Scott, Harriet Fast; Scott, William Fontaine (1979).
4493:
4052:
4018:
3560:
of the RKKA (Военная академия РККА), and in 1925 the
2979:
to withdraw the Soviet forces from Afghanistan. The "
2816:
forces. The greatest Soviet military presence was in
1966:
1759:
4616:
3948:
3802:
1979:
Nõukogude Sotsialistlike Vabariikide Liidu Relvajõud
1915:
1827:
286:
282:
a machine-translated version of the Russian article.
4296:
1932:
1810:
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4976:
4675:
4539:
3909:Model 38 and Model 40 were chambered for the same
3901:The Red Army suffered from a shortage of adequate
3350:In 1989, the Soviet Armed Forces consisted of the
5069:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
4120:"Soviet Military Budget: $ 128 Billion Bombshell"
3676:
3478:(NCOs) and the introduction of the Podpolkovnik (
2568:necessitated a delay—to the second half of June.
1855:
6881:
6205:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
4237:"Принят закон "О всеобщей воинской обязанности""
3490:as an NCO rank, a role lasting until the 1970s.
3026:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
2413:on 14 December. The war ended on 13 March 1940.
1872:
1787:
193:, potentially preventing the article from being
4880:"The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field"
4531:sfn error: no target: CITEREFFeskov_et_al2004 (
4291:Avalon Project: Nazi-Soviet Relations 1939–1941
4172:"Soviet military spending put at 20–25% of GNP"
3303:The Soviet Armed Forces were controlled by the
1882:(called "Moldavian" in the USSR; also known as
1770:
4951:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
4841:"The Ethnic Factor in the Soviet Armed Forces"
4838:
4798:"The Ethnic Factor in the Soviet Armed Forces"
4795:
3551:the commander cadres received training at the
3126:in Georgia. The next major crisis occurred in
2994:
2983:" suffered by the Army parallels the American
2903:(UNC) forces. Two Soviet air divisions flying
2254:cavalry in the disputed territory east of the
1977:
1943:
1838:
845:. The relative advancement and development of
709:200-300 billion (CIA, Pentagon estimate, 1988)
328:accompanying your translation by providing an
273:Click for important translation instructions.
260:expand this article with text translated from
6736:
6528:
5341:
5115:
4983:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. p.
4751:
4749:
4747:
4617:Warner, Edward; Bonan, Packman (April 1984).
4353:
4149:"Soviets to trim military production by 1990"
2549:, no dilemma ever existed in this situation.
2224:A soldier of the Red Army, 1926, wearing the
1960:
1898:
1753:
1729:
1006:
390:
5066:Military Objectives in Soviet Foreign Policy
4692:
4690:
4526:
3832:party. Third, the party placed a network of
3614:
3319:(the Politburo, in turn, was chaired by the
3122:units, massacred about 190 demonstrators in
1909:
1821:
5095:Soviet Nuclear Weapons in Hungary 1961–1991
5036:For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.
5028:Zickel, Raymond E; Keefe, Eugene K (1991).
5027:
4626:. RAND Notes. RAND Corporation. p. 8.
4557:
4398:. 1/2005. Dom wydawniczy Wojska Polskiego.
4106:
4025:
3867:1986 map showing the Soviet Military Forces
3284:
2477:Barbarossa, 1941–1945 (Great Patriotic War)
1926:
1804:
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
6900:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
6750:
6743:
6729:
6535:
6521:
5348:
5334:
5122:
5108:
4974:
4923:
4902:
4744:
4604:
4514:
4487:
4475:
4326:
4320:
4314:
4289:, 10 September 1939, at Yale Law School's
4223:
3972:Comparative military ranks of World War II
3967:List of Soviet Union military bases abroad
3462:" replaced the senior functional ranks of
3087:Main Cathedral of the Russian Armed Forces
2987:trauma over their own unsuccessful war in
2899:directly fought against United States and
2701:
1736:
1722:
1013:
999:
897:
770:(1946–1991), were the armed forces of the
213:reliable, independent, third-party sources
6848:Army of the Socialist Republic of Romania
4955:
4815:"The U.S.S.R.: Moscow's Military Machine"
4773:
4687:
4651:
4438:
4253:"The Soviet Army: Operations and Tactics"
3057:Learn how and when to remove this message
778:(1922–1991) from their beginnings in the
370:Learn how and when to remove this message
231:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
4960:. London: Headline Book Publishing PLC.
4248:
4246:
3875:in the 1920s and 1930s. The five-round,
3862:
3858:
3806:
3514:Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union
3508:By the end of the Second World War, the
3384:
3288:
3185:
3130:, when the Soviet army forcibly entered
3076:
3068:
2946:
2759:
2679:
2667:
2659:
2536:
2522:
2490:
2399:
2321:
2219:
2176:
2041:and the first combat action against the
2000:
786:in 1991. In May 1992, Russian President
721:7.7–11.5% (CIA, Pentagon estimate, 1988)
207:by replacing them with more appropriate
5355:
5018:
5000:
4877:
4499:
4451:. University Press of Kansas. pp.
4302:
340:{{Translated|ru|Вооружённые силы СССР}}
190:too closely associated with the subject
14:
6882:
6542:
5374:Index of Soviet Union–related articles
4755:
4444:
4379:
4359:
3451:rank bestowed upon 5 Army Commanders.
3427:" instead. The Red Army never adopted
3222:. In 2020, Russian forces remained in
3196:Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
2390:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
2330:
6724:
6696:Northern half of the Korean Peninsula
6516:
5329:
5103:
4697:Ball, Deborah Yarsike (Winter 1994).
4243:
4054:Vooruzhyonnyye Sily Sovetskogo Soyuza
3542:
2951:A Soviet soldier in Afghanistan, 1988
2937:The limited contingent in Afghanistan
2792:, were also active by this time as a
2541:Soviet ski troops during World War II
2111:, had joined the Bolsheviks earlier.
5129:
5057:, Vol. 14, September 2001, Number 3.
4943:
4696:
4681:
4545:
3618:
3345:Supreme Commander of the Warsaw Pact
2998:
2919:
2911:fighter jets were sent against U.S.
2170:
2140:
1992:Military history of the Soviet Union
982:Military history of the Soviet Union
735:Military history of the Soviet Union
242:
172:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
70:
29:
6905:Military wings of communist parties
4949:The Collapse of the Soviet Military
4448:The Battle for Leningrad: 1941–1944
4257:United States Department of Defense
3758:article citing an analyst from the
3404:
3305:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3171:. Steadily, the units stationed in
2794:Reserve of the Supreme High Command
2527:A Soviet junior political officer (
2317:
2120:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
424:the Banner of the USSR Armed Forces
24:
5055:Journal of Slavic Military Studies
5040:
3873:Stalin's industrialization program
3819:), #4 Year of entering the VLKSM (
3411:Military ranks of the Soviet Union
3165:Commonwealth of Independent States
3073:Monument to the Red Army in Berlin
2955:In 1979, however, the Soviet Army
2676:by Red Army soldiers, January 1945
2638:appeared. Repressions against the
2454:joint German-Finnish forces failed
2186:appears to contradict the article
966:Military ranks of the Soviet Union
747:Military ranks of the Soviet Union
25:
6916:
5083:
4046:Вооружённые Силы Советского Союза
3803:Party control of the Armed Forces
3415:History of Russian military ranks
3315:, generally a full member of the
2822:Group of Soviet Forces in Germany
2728:. Soviet forces also attacked in
2314:in the desperate autumn of 1941.
987:History of Russian military ranks
668:92,345,764 (1991), age 18–35
45:This article has multiple issues.
6868:
6853:
6841:
6829:
6817:
6805:
6793:
6781:
6764:
6660:
6587:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
6497:
6496:
6484:
3951:
3622:
3591:since the 1950s). While a basic
3526:
3396:and soldiers of the Red Army in
3003:
2175:
1696:
1035:
760:Armed Forces of the Soviet Union
412:
403:
247:
188:may rely excessively on sources
177:
75:
34:
4850:
4832:
4807:
4789:
4666:
4657:
4633:from the original on 2014-05-31
4610:
4551:
4427:from the original on 2008-12-19
4409:
4389:Edukacja Humanistyczna w wojsku
4367:
4273:
4178:. 24 April 1990. Archived from
4130:from the original on 2017-03-12
3277:) became successful members of
3177:dissolution of the Soviet Union
2743:
2157:1920 Polish invasion of Ukraine
2050:Defenders of the Motherland Day
2021:by decree on January 15, 1918 (
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
4229:
4155:. 24 July 1989. Archived from
4141:
4112:
4070:
4033:
3999:
3677:Ethnic Composition and Tension
2855:The trauma of the devastating
2778:Troops of National Air Defence
2015:Council of People's Commissars
974:History of the Soviet Military
656:2 years (Army & Air Force)
338:You may also add the template
13:
1:
6895:1918 establishments in Russia
6037:Political abuse of psychiatry
5829:Congress of People's Deputies
5182:
5175:Army of the Tsardom of Russia
5153:
5031:Soviet Union: a country study
4878:Fischer, Benjamin B. (1999).
4829:; Zickel, Country Study, p747
4267:(No. 100-2-1). 16 July 1984.
4063:
3733:origin were organized in the
3299:Formations of the Soviet Army
2466:Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive
1651:Political abuse of psychiatry
1230:Congress of People's Deputies
849:militaries was a key part of
6890:Military of the Soviet Union
4979:The armed forces of the USSR
4939:– via The Black Vault.
4823:. 1980-06-23. Archived from
4327:Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1988).
4201:. 9 May 1990. Archived from
3579:in Western countries. Those
3380:
2708:Soviet invasion of Manchuria
2674:Auschwitz concentration camp
2483:Eastern Front (World War II)
2129:
1029:Politics of the Soviet Union
958:Ranks of the Soviet Military
704:128 billion (official, 1988)
463:(as the Soviet Armed Forces)
7:
6200:Academy of Medical Sciences
5203:Toy army of Peter the Great
4053:
4019:
3944:
3449:Marshal of the Soviet Union
3334:Marshal of the Soviet Union
3332:) and from 1934 onwards, a
2995:The end of the Soviet Union
2866:Sino-Soviet border conflict
2166:
1967:
1950:
1933:
1916:
1888:
1862:
1845:
1828:
1811:
1794:
1777:
1760:
1190:Central Executive Committee
860:, an academic study by the
811:State Political Directorate
790:issued decrees forming the
310:will aid in categorization.
10:
6921:
6800:Czechoslovak People's Army
5023:. New York: Facts on File.
5019:Tsouras, Peter G. (1994).
4924:Krivosheev, G. F. (1993).
4903:Krivosheev, G. F. (1997).
4860:(3rd Ed., North Cape 2003)
4715:10.1177/0095327X9402000205
4703:Armed Forces & Society
3408:
3341:Chief of the General Staff
3330:leader of the Soviet Union
3296:
2940:
2862:German Democratic Republic
2753:
2747:
2705:
2487:Great Patriotic War (term)
2480:
2334:
2213:
2144:
2133:
2058:People's Commissar for War
1996:
1989:
1985:
865:U.S. Department of Defense
614:Chief of the General Staff
285:Machine translation, like
6866:
6759:
6704:
6669:
6658:
6550:
6478:
6422:
6396:
6316:
6239:
6230:
6175:
6082:
6045:
5985:
5888:
5850:
5770:
5632:
5623:
5573:
5521:
5512:
5364:
5298:
5273:
5248:
5230:
5211:
5165:
5135:
4956:Schofield, Carey (1991).
4445:Glantz, David M. (2002).
4329:"Ukrainian Collaborators"
4045:
4011:
3665:non-commissioned officers
3615:Manpower and enlisted men
3476:non-commissioned officers
3091:Defense of Brest Fortress
2957:intervened in a civil war
2913:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
2850:Baltic Military Districts
2337:Soviet invasion of Poland
2246:In May 1939, a Mongolian
1961:
1944:
1927:
1910:
1856:
1839:
1822:
1805:
1788:
1771:
1754:
1546:Material balance planning
1247:1989 Legislative election
829:, the Ground Forces, the
740:
730:
725:
713:
695:
690:
680:
672:
662:
650:
642:
637:
612:
587:
567:
560:
536:
523:Soviet Air Defence Forces
508:
467:
429:
411:
402:
391:
389:
384:
262:the corresponding article
3992:
3782:
3285:Structure and leadership
3012:This section includes a
2838:Southern Group of Forces
2826:Northern Group of Forces
2431:conquest of East Karelia
2105:Supreme Military Council
1361:Administrator of Affairs
882:
871:and particularly inside
6824:Hungarian People's Army
6788:Bulgarian People's Army
6491:Soviet Union portal
5198:Army of Peter the Great
4884:Studies in Intelligence
4868:Donnelly, Christopher,
4756:Anisin, Alexei (2022).
4564:OAH Magazine of History
4107:Zickel & Keefe 1991
3839:A political commander (
3768:Strategic Rocket Forces
3352:Strategic Rocket Forces
3041:more precise citations.
2857:German invasion of 1941
2830:Central Group of Forces
2786:Strategic Rocket Forces
2702:The Manchurian Campaign
2640:Russian Orthodox Church
2499:By the autumn of 1940,
2495:Soviet war poster, 1941
2366:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
2161:Battle of Warsaw (1920)
1703:Soviet Union portal
1215:Soviet of Nationalities
919:Strategic Rocket Forces
851:the history of the USSR
827:Strategic Rocket Forces
527:Strategic Rocket Forces
435:; 106 years ago
349:For more guidance, see
6812:National People's Army
6771:Albanian People's Army
6711:Allies of World War II
6383:Stalinist architecture
6137:Science and technology
6047:Ideological repression
5975:Soviet Airborne Forces
5913:Destruction battalions
5137:Principality of Moscow
5007:Inside the Soviet Army
4958:Inside the Soviet Army
4858:The Mosin-Nagant Rifle
4605:Scott & Scott 1979
4576:10.1093/maghis/14.3.20
4558:O'Neill, Mark (2000).
4515:Scott & Scott 1979
4488:Scott & Scott 1979
4335:. McFarland. pp.
4261:Department of the Army
4224:Scott & Scott 1979
3937:cartridge used in the
3868:
3824:
3657:Military commissariats
3401:
3311:. At its head was the
3294:
3191:
3101:
3074:
2952:
2924:The Soviet meaning of
2901:United Nations Command
2891:countries. During the
2887:or rebel movements in
2790:Soviet Airborne Forces
2784:. Six years later the
2765:
2689:
2677:
2665:
2542:
2534:
2496:
2473:on 19 September 1944.
2327:
2228:
2216:Battle of Khalkhin Gol
2193:Please discuss at the
2188:Battle of Khalkhin Gol
2109:Mikhail Bonch-Bruevich
2066:Military commissariats
2010:
2009:parade in Moscow, 1922
1978:
1899:
1873:
1646:Ideological repression
1536:Science and technology
856:In the context of the
821:in 1934, and thus its
491:; 30 years ago
485:Soviet Union dissolved
473:; 32 years ago
453:; 78 years ago
422:was also being used as
6165:List of metro systems
5718:Collective leadership
5221:Imperial Russian Army
3866:
3859:Weapons and equipment
3810:
3566:General Staff Academy
3553:General Staff Academy
3388:
3354:, the Ground Forces,
3292:
3189:
3152:events of August 1991
3080:
3072:
2950:
2798:Tyl, or Rear Services
2763:
2683:
2671:
2663:
2624:Patriotic War of 1812
2540:
2526:
2494:
2441:. It participated in
2400:The Finnish campaigns
2374:joint parade was held
2325:
2223:
2085:Imperial Russian Army
2004:
1079:Collective leadership
836:In the USSR, general
719:4.9% (official, 1988)
489:24 December 1993
471:26 December 1991
451:25 February 1946
433:23 February 1918
351:Knowledge:Translation
322:copyright attribution
110:"Soviet Armed Forces"
6836:Polish People's Army
6127:Net material product
6070:Censorship of images
5987:Political repression
5947:Soviet Border Troops
5880:First Deputy Premier
5464:1965 economic reform
5459:Soviet space program
4205:on 24 September 2015
4182:on 24 September 2015
4159:on 24 September 2015
3987:Mikhail Tukhachevsky
3571:Red Army (and later
3510:Admiral of the Fleet
2688:in Berlin, June 1945
2644:political commissars
2276:, after which three
2070:political commissars
2046:Imperial German Army
1656:Political repression
1621:Censorship of images
1351:First Deputy Premier
1089:Presidential Council
792:Russian Armed Forces
784:collapse of the USSR
782:of 1917–1923 to the
774:(1917–1922) and the
766:(1918–1946) and the
758:, also known as the
603:Yevgeny Shaposhnikov
95:improve this article
6860:Soviet Armed Forces
6195:Academy of Sciences
6010:Population transfer
5954:Soviet Armed Forces
5817:Congress of Soviets
5798:Presidium/Politburo
5762:Soviet anti-Zionism
5611:West Siberian Plain
5489:Revolutions of 1989
5426:Great Patriotic War
5411:New Economic Policy
5240:Russian Army (1917)
5192:New Order Regiments
4909:. Greenhill Books.
3959:Soviet Union portal
3896:semiautomatic rifle
3366:Forces were added.
3313:Minister of Defence
3309:Ministry of Defence
2782:Ministry of Defence
2613:Great Patriotic War
2609:Operation Bagration
2514:non-aggression pact
2355:Romanian bridgehead
2331:The Polish Campaign
2101:military specialist
2060:from 1918 to 1924.
1671:Suppressed research
1661:Population transfer
1531:New Economic Policy
1210:Soviet of the Union
1180:Congress of Soviets
891:Soviet Armed Forces
756:Soviet Armed Forces
589:Minister of Defence
547:Khamovniki District
543:Ministry of Defence
502:United Armed Forces
6645:Western Belorussia
6544:Soviet occupations
5840:Military Collegium
5708:Capital punishment
5586:Caucasus Mountains
5499:Post-Soviet states
5379:Russian Revolution
5316:1992–present
5300:Russian Federation
4856:Terence W. Lapin,
4607:, pp. 37, 59.
4394:2007-09-29 at the
4285:2009-11-07 at the
4124:The New York Times
3869:
3834:political officers
3825:
3634:. You can help by
3577:military academies
3543:Military education
3480:Lieutenant Colonel
3402:
3356:Air Defence Forces
3295:
3192:
3102:
3095:Battle of Smolensk
3075:
3014:list of references
2953:
2879:. But a number of
2805:military districts
2766:
2690:
2684:A giant poster of
2678:
2672:Liberation of the
2666:
2543:
2535:
2505:national socialist
2497:
2443:besieging the city
2328:
2250:unit clashed with
2229:
2011:
1405:Procurator General
1393:Military Collegium
940:Air Defence Forces
831:Air Defence Forces
330:interlanguage link
6877:
6876:
6718:
6717:
6510:
6509:
6474:
6473:
6466:Hammer and sickle
6408:and their groups
6406:Soviet dissidents
6185:Communist Academy
6102:Economic planning
6078:
6077:
5971:Soviet Air Forces
5890:Security services
5810:General Secretary
5793:Central Committee
5735:Political parties
5667:Brezhnev Doctrine
5662:Foreign relations
5619:
5618:
5560:Autonomous okrugs
5474:Soviet–Afghan War
5454:Sino-Soviet split
5396:Russian Civil War
5323:
5322:
5250:Russian Civil War
5167:Tsardom of Russia
4993:978-0-89158-276-2
4916:978-1-85367-280-4
4775:10.51870/UNYW3133
4654:, pp. 67–70.
4527:Feskov et al 2004
4051:
4029:
4017:
3982:Soviet war crimes
3684:Russian Civil War
3652:
3651:
3375:KGB Border Troops
3067:
3066:
3059:
2977:Mikhail Gorbachev
2943:Soviet–Afghan War
2926:military doctrine
2920:Military doctrine
2897:Soviet Air Forces
2788:were formed. The
2655:German–Soviet War
2411:League of Nations
2290:, supported by a
2212:
2211:
2153:Polish–Soviet War
2147:Polish–Soviet War
2141:Polish–Soviet War
2136:Russian Civil War
2043:rapidly advancing
1884:Moldovan language
1746:
1745:
1688:
1687:
1541:Era of Stagnation
1483:
1482:
1368:
1367:
1256:
1255:
1162:
1161:
1133:General Secretary
1118:Central Committee
1023:
1022:
877:military strategy
780:Russian Civil War
752:
751:
682:Reserve personnel
643:Military age
597:Nikolai Podvoisky
580:Mikhail Gorbachev
569:General Secretary
519:Soviet Air Forces
380:
379:
372:
362:
361:
274:
270:
241:
240:
233:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
18:USSR Armed Forces
16:(Redirected from
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6872:
6871:
6858:
6857:
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6845:
6834:
6833:
6822:
6821:
6810:
6809:
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6785:
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6731:
6722:
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6530:
6523:
6514:
6513:
6500:
6499:
6489:
6488:
6487:
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6236:
6145:
6000:Collectivization
5745:Marxism–Leninism
5630:
5629:
5519:
5518:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5327:
5326:
5308:CIS Armed Forces
5232:Russian Republic
5187:
5184:
5158:
5155:
5130:Armies of Russia
5124:
5117:
5110:
5101:
5100:
5061:Michael MccGwire
5035:
5024:
5015:
4997:
4982:
4971:
4952:
4945:Odom, William E.
4940:
4938:
4936:
4930:
4920:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4886:. Archived from
4861:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4836:
4830:
4828:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4777:
4753:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4694:
4685:
4679:
4673:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4655:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4632:
4625:
4614:
4608:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4524:
4518:
4512:
4503:
4497:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4413:
4407:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4324:
4318:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4277:
4271:
4269:Washington, D.C.
4250:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4080:. Archived from
4074:
4057:
4056:
4050:romanized:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4016:romanized:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4003:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3772:Soviet Air Force
3764:Soviet non-Slavs
3760:RAND Corporation
3749:Russian language
3703:Second World War
3699:RAND Corporation
3647:
3644:
3626:
3619:
3581:Soviet Academies
3558:Military Academy
3405:Ranks and titles
3323:, generally the
3099:Battle of Moscow
3062:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3037:this section by
3028:inline citations
3007:
3006:
2999:
2985:Vietnam Syndrome
2810:satellite states
2736:and in northern
2632:Alexander Nevski
2597:Battle of Moscow
2578:Soviet Air Force
2552:Drang nach Osten
2518:trade agreements
2516:and by numerous
2471:Moscow Armistice
2423:Karelian Isthmus
2418:Continuation War
2370:XIX Panzer Corps
2318:Second World War
2312:European Theatre
2310:troops into the
2207:
2204:
2198:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2093:military advisor
2077:Aleksei Brusilov
2064:formed regional
1981:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1902:
1891:
1876:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1636:Collectivization
1496:
1495:
1460:De-Stalinization
1434:Marxism–Leninism
1429:Soviet democracy
1423:
1422:
1326:State Committees
1269:
1268:
1175:
1174:
1107:
1106:
1039:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1008:
1001:
901:
887:
886:
847:the government's
813:(OGPU), and the
726:Related articles
676:4,900,000 (1985)
673:Active personnel
665:military service
583:
510:Service branches
499:
497:
492:
481:
479:
474:
461:
459:
454:
443:
441:
436:
416:
407:
394:
393:
382:
381:
375:
368:
341:
335:
309:
308:|topic=
306:, and specifying
291:Google Translate
272:
268:
251:
250:
243:
236:
229:
225:
222:
216:
181:
173:
166:
159:
155:
152:
146:
144:
103:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
6920:
6919:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6910:
6909:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6873:
6869:
6864:
6852:
6840:
6828:
6816:
6804:
6792:
6780:
6763:
6755:
6749:
6719:
6714:
6700:
6665:
6656:
6640:Western Ukraine
6546:
6541:
6511:
6506:
6485:
6483:
6470:
6418:
6392:
6312:
6226:
6171:
6143:
6117:Internet domain
6112:Five-year plans
6074:
6041:
5981:
5884:
5846:
5778:Communist Party
5766:
5725:Passport system
5615:
5591:European Russia
5569:
5508:
5449:Khrushchev Thaw
5428:(World War II)
5406:Creation treaty
5360:
5354:
5324:
5319:
5294:
5269:
5244:
5226:
5223:1721–1917
5207:
5185:
5161:
5156:
5147:1380–1698
5131:
5128:
5086:
5043:
5041:Further reading
5002:Suvorov, Viktor
4994:
4968:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4917:
4893:
4891:
4890:on 13 June 2007
4865:
4864:
4855:
4851:
4843:
4837:
4833:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4800:
4794:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4754:
4745:
4735:
4733:
4695:
4688:
4680:
4676:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4650:
4646:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4623:
4615:
4611:
4603:
4599:
4556:
4552:
4544:
4540:
4530:
4525:
4521:
4513:
4506:
4498:
4494:
4486:
4482:
4476:Krivosheev 1993
4474:
4470:
4463:
4443:
4439:
4430:
4428:
4421:www.ibiblio.org
4415:
4414:
4410:
4396:Wayback Machine
4385:
4384:
4380:
4372:
4368:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4325:
4321:
4315:Krivosheev 1997
4313:
4309:
4301:
4297:
4287:Wayback Machine
4278:
4274:
4251:
4244:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4222:
4218:
4208:
4206:
4193:
4185:
4183:
4170:
4162:
4160:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4133:
4131:
4126:. 31 May 1989.
4118:
4117:
4113:
4105:
4096:
4087:
4085:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3957:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3861:
3829:Communist Party
3805:
3785:
3679:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3632:needs expansion
3617:
3601:военное училище
3545:
3529:
3521:Warrant officer
3417:
3407:
3383:
3371:Internal Troops
3301:
3287:
3063:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3032:
3018:related reading
3008:
3004:
2997:
2981:Afghan Syndrome
2945:
2939:
2922:
2877:nuclear weapons
2828:in Poland, the
2758:
2752:
2746:
2710:
2704:
2636:Mikhail Kutuzov
2489:
2481:Main articles:
2479:
2469:signing of the
2402:
2339:
2333:
2320:
2218:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2192:
2180:
2169:
2149:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2081:former officers
2029:. The official
1999:
1994:
1988:
1742:
1713:
1709:Other countries
1697:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1601:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1456:
1420:
1410:
1409:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1304:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1104:
1102:Communist Party
1094:
1093:
1052:
1019:
936:
885:
823:Internal Troops
720:
705:
664:
657:
633:
628:Viktor Samsonov
608:
578:
573:
529:
525:
521:
517:
495:
493:
490:
488:
482:
477:
475:
472:
462:
457:
455:
452:
450:
444:
439:
437:
434:
425:
423:
395:
376:
365:
364:
363:
358:
357:
356:
339:
333:
307:
275:
269:(December 2020)
252:
248:
237:
226:
220:
217:
202:
182:
167:
156:
150:
147:
104:
102:
92:
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6918:
6908:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6875:
6874:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6862:
6850:
6838:
6826:
6814:
6802:
6790:
6778:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6748:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6725:
6716:
6715:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6686:
6679:
6673:
6671:
6667:
6666:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6654:
6649:
6648:
6647:
6642:
6632:
6627:
6626:
6625:
6613:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6604:Transcarpathia
6599:Czechoslovakia
6596:
6589:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6562:
6554:
6552:
6548:
6547:
6540:
6539:
6532:
6525:
6517:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6494:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6426:
6424:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6402:
6400:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6322:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6251:
6246:
6240:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6181:
6179:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6160:Rail transport
6157:
6155:Railway system
6147:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6088:
6086:
6080:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6051:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5991:
5989:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5934:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5905:
5900:
5894:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5875:Deputy Premier
5872:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5858:Heads of state
5854:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5832:
5826:
5823:Supreme Soviet
5820:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5790:
5785:
5774:
5772:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5759:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5740:State ideology
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5676:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5659:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5636:
5634:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5606:Ural Mountains
5603:
5598:
5596:North Caucasus
5593:
5588:
5583:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5545:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5527:
5525:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5376:
5370:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5353:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5330:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5311:
5304:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5286:
5279:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5261:
5254:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5217:
5215:
5213:Russian Empire
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5148:
5141:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5085:
5084:External links
5082:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5075:978-0815755524
5058:
5051:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5025:
5016:
4998:
4992:
4972:
4966:
4953:
4941:
4921:
4915:
4900:
4875:
4863:
4862:
4849:
4831:
4827:on 2011-06-29.
4806:
4788:
4743:
4709:(2): 239–258.
4686:
4674:
4665:
4656:
4652:Schofield 1991
4644:
4609:
4597:
4550:
4538:
4519:
4517:, p. 176.
4504:
4492:
4490:, p. 131.
4480:
4468:
4461:
4437:
4408:
4378:
4366:
4352:
4345:
4319:
4307:
4295:
4272:
4242:
4228:
4216:
4140:
4111:
4109:, p. 697.
4094:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4032:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3946:
3943:
3860:
3857:
3804:
3801:
3784:
3781:
3678:
3675:
3650:
3649:
3629:
3627:
3616:
3613:
3544:
3541:
3537:Russian Empire
3528:
3525:
3406:
3403:
3390:Vladimir Lenin
3382:
3379:
3286:
3283:
3148:Supreme Soviet
3065:
3064:
3022:external links
3011:
3009:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2969:scorched earth
2941:Main article:
2938:
2935:
2930:Andrei Grechko
2921:
2918:
2885:client régimes
2834:Czechoslovakia
2748:Main article:
2745:
2742:
2706:Main article:
2703:
2700:
2620:class struggle
2478:
2475:
2427:Ladoga Karelia
2401:
2398:
2335:Main article:
2332:
2329:
2319:
2316:
2241:Inner Mongolia
2214:Main article:
2210:
2209:
2183:
2181:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2145:Main article:
2142:
2139:
2134:Main article:
2131:
2128:
2075:After General
1998:
1995:
1990:Main article:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1971:
1954:
1937:
1920:
1903:
1892:
1877:
1866:
1849:
1832:
1815:
1798:
1781:
1764:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1705:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:Kosygin reform
1523:
1521:Five-Year Plan
1518:
1516:Consumer goods
1513:
1505:
1504:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1400:People's Court
1397:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1356:Deputy Premier
1353:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Official names
1281:
1278:
1277:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1200:Supreme Soviet
1195:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1072:Vice President
1069:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1003:
995:
992:
991:
990:
989:
984:
976:
975:
971:
970:
969:
968:
960:
959:
955:
954:
953:
952:
947:
942:
937:
935:
934:
929:
923:
921:
916:
908:
907:
903:
902:
894:
893:
884:
881:
750:
749:
744:
738:
737:
732:
728:
727:
723:
722:
717:
715:Percent of GDP
711:
710:
699:
693:
692:
688:
687:
684:
678:
677:
674:
670:
669:
666:
660:
659:
658:3 years (Navy)
654:
648:
647:
644:
640:
639:
635:
634:
632:
631:
625:
618:
616:
610:
609:
607:
606:
600:
593:
591:
585:
584:
571:
565:
564:
558:
557:
540:
534:
533:
512:
506:
505:
469:
465:
464:
431:
427:
426:
417:
409:
408:
400:
399:
387:
386:
378:
377:
360:
359:
355:
354:
347:
336:
314:
311:
299:adding a topic
294:
283:
276:
257:
256:
255:
253:
246:
239:
238:
185:
183:
176:
169:
168:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6917:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6776:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6761:
6758:
6753:
6746:
6741:
6739:
6734:
6732:
6727:
6726:
6723:
6712:
6708:
6703:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6683:Northern Iran
6680:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6663:
6653:
6650:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6637:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6594:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6565:Baltic states
6563:
6561:
6560:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6549:
6545:
6538:
6533:
6531:
6526:
6524:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6503:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6481:
6480:
6477:
6467:
6464:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6395:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6363:Printed media
6361:
6359:
6356:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6297:
6296:Cyrillisation
6294:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6264:Working class
6262:
6260:
6259:Soviet people
6257:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6229:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6107:Energy policy
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5988:
5984:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5835:Supreme Court
5833:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5821:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5763:
5760:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5437:The Holocaust
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5358:
5351:
5346:
5344:
5339:
5337:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5315:
5314:Ground Forces
5312:
5310:1991–93
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5291:1946–92
5290:
5287:
5285:1922–46
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5266:1918–22
5265:
5262:
5260:1918–23
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:1648–98
5193:
5190:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5125:
5120:
5118:
5113:
5111:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5033:
5032:
5026:
5022:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4969:
4967:0-7472-0418-7
4963:
4959:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4927:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4901:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4859:
4853:
4842:
4835:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4799:
4792:
4776:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4693:
4691:
4684:, p. 43.
4683:
4678:
4669:
4660:
4653:
4648:
4629:
4622:
4621:
4613:
4606:
4601:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4554:
4548:, p. 29.
4547:
4542:
4534:
4529:, p. 22.
4528:
4523:
4516:
4511:
4509:
4502:, p. 37.
4501:
4496:
4489:
4484:
4477:
4472:
4464:
4462:9780700612086
4458:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4441:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4382:
4375:
4370:
4364:
4361:
4356:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4311:
4304:
4299:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4247:
4238:
4232:
4226:, p. 13.
4225:
4220:
4204:
4200:
4199:Defense Daily
4196:
4181:
4177:
4176:Defense Daily
4173:
4158:
4154:
4153:Defense Daily
4150:
4144:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4084:on 2015-05-11
4083:
4079:
4073:
4069:
4055:
4042:
4036:
4021:
4008:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3949:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3877:stripper clip
3874:
3865:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3835:
3830:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3727:Central Asian
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3707:Eastern Front
3704:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3646:
3637:
3633:
3630:This section
3628:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3597:военная школа
3594:
3590:
3586:
3585:post-graduate
3582:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:General Staff
3527:General Staff
3524:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3421:officer corps
3416:
3412:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3364:Civil Defence
3361:
3360:Rear services
3357:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3291:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3263:Baltic states
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3244:South Ossetia
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3214:(partially),
3213:
3210:(partially),
3209:
3205:
3201:
3200:Baltic states
3197:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3071:
3061:
3058:
3050:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2949:
2944:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:Kuril Islands
2731:
2727:
2726:Kwantung Army
2723:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2699:
2696:
2687:
2682:
2675:
2670:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2607:and later in
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2593:Georgy Zhukov
2589:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2574:Eastern Front
2569:
2567:
2562:
2561:General Staff
2558:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2539:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2345:(now part of
2344:
2338:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2267:Georgy Zhukov
2265:On August 20
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2206:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2184:This article
2182:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1694:
1693:
1682:
1681:Soviet Empire
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1556:War communism
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1488:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1452:Khrushchevism
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:Supreme Court
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
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788:Boris Yeltsin
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623:
622:Pavel Lebedev
620:
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304:main category
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258:You can help
254:
245:
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224:
221:December 2016
214:
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196:
192:
191:
186:This article
184:
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154:
151:December 2016
143:
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112: –
111:
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106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
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72:
67:
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58:
57:
52:
51:
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41:
32:
31:
19:
6859:
6706:
6688:
6681:
6623:East Prussia
6615:
6591:
6557:
6482:
6254:Demographics
6244:Antisemitism
6097:Central Bank
6015:Forced labor
5963:Spetsnaz GRU
5953:
5783:organisation
5691:Human rights
5640:Constitution
5523:Subdivisions
5401:Russian SFSR
5357:Soviet Union
5275:Soviet Union
5064:
5054:
5030:
5020:
5005:
4978:
4957:
4948:
4933:. Retrieved
4905:
4892:. Retrieved
4888:the original
4883:
4869:
4857:
4852:
4834:
4825:the original
4818:
4809:
4791:
4779:. Retrieved
4768:(2): 26–53.
4765:
4761:
4734:. Retrieved
4706:
4702:
4677:
4668:
4659:
4647:
4635:. Retrieved
4619:
4612:
4600:
4570:(3): 20–24.
4567:
4563:
4553:
4541:
4522:
4500:Tsouras 1994
4495:
4483:
4471:
4447:
4440:
4429:. Retrieved
4420:
4411:
4381:
4373:
4369:
4355:
4332:
4322:
4310:
4303:Fischer 1999
4298:
4290:
4275:
4265:Field Manual
4264:
4231:
4219:
4207:. Retrieved
4203:the original
4198:
4184:. Retrieved
4180:the original
4175:
4161:. Retrieved
4157:the original
4152:
4143:
4132:. Retrieved
4123:
4114:
4086:. Retrieved
4082:the original
4072:
4035:
4001:
3903:machine guns
3900:
3884:Mosin–Nagant
3870:
3850:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3826:
3797:
3786:
3777:
3753:
3746:
3734:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3670:praporshchik
3668:
3661:dedovshchina
3653:
3640:
3636:adding to it
3631:
3600:
3596:
3570:
3546:
3530:
3518:
3507:
3499:Russian Army
3492:
3484:
3453:
3437:
3418:
3394:Leon Trotsky
3368:
3349:
3338:
3324:
3302:
3260:
3252:Transnistria
3216:Turkmenistan
3193:
3161:
3145:
3112:Central Asia
3103:
3053:
3044:
3033:Please help
3025:
2954:
2923:
2874:
2854:
2818:East Germany
2802:
2767:
2744:The Cold War
2718:puppet state
2711:
2691:
2652:
2617:
2590:
2582:
2570:
2550:
2547:Adolf Hitler
2544:
2528:
2501:Nazi Germany
2498:
2447:
2435:Petrozavodsk
2433:, including
2415:
2403:
2382:
2363:
2340:
2304:
2298:requested a
2264:
2245:
2230:
2200:
2185:
2150:
2115:
2113:
2096:
2089:Lev Glezarov
2074:
2062:
2054:Leon Trotsky
2031:Red Army Day
2012:
1641:Human rights
1631:Gulag system
1606:
1577:Demographics
1564:
1499:
1471:
1464:
1339:
1309:
1274:Constitution
1272:
1228:
1198:
1178:
1131:
890:
855:
838:conscription
835:
796:
776:Soviet Union
772:Russian SFSR
759:
755:
753:
652:Conscription
538:Headquarters
396:
366:
326:edit summary
317:
297:
267:
259:
227:
218:
203:Please help
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
6752:Warsaw Pact
6677:Afghanistan
6358:Phraseology
6303:Prohibition
6291:Linguistics
6276:Drug policy
6269:1989 census
6190:Cybernetics
6092:Agriculture
6005:Great Purge
5967:Soviet Navy
5959:Soviet Army
5831:(1989–1991)
5825:(1938–1991)
5819:(1922–1936)
5803:Secretariat
5674:Gun control
5581:Caspian Sea
5565:Closed city
5494:Dissolution
5479:Perestroika
5421:Great Purge
5289:Soviet Army
5188:–1721
5186: 1550
5157: 1700
5151:Landed Army
4781:3 September
4736:3 September
4386:(in Polish)
3881:bolt-action
3789:Great Purge
3736:Ostlegionen
3715:Lithuanians
3573:Soviet Army
3547:During the
3488:Soviet Navy
3181:Kazakh Army
3156:coup d'état
3107:Warsaw Pact
3039:introducing
2961:Afghanistan
2889:Third World
2756:Warsaw Pact
2653:During the
2456:to capture
2359:Curzon Line
2308:Far Eastern
2274:bombardment
2256:Halha River
2252:Manchukuoan
2203:August 2009
2017:set up the
1852:Azerbaijani
1626:Great Purge
1592:Phraseology
1511:Agriculture
1466:Perestroika
1341:Premiership
1171:Legislature
1149:Secretariat
932:Soviet Army
768:Soviet Army
691:Expenditure
630:(1991–1992)
624:(1921–1924)
605:(1991–1993)
599:(1917–1918)
582:(1985–1991)
577:(1922–1953)
531:Soviet Navy
515:Soviet Army
420:Soviet flag
6884:Categories
6754:militaries
6398:Opposition
6388:Television
6368:Propaganda
6341:Literature
6215:Naukograds
6210:Sharashkas
6144:(currency)
6122:Inventions
6065:Censorship
5995:Red Terror
5679:Government
5553:Autonomous
5536:Autonomous
5469:Stagnation
5432:Evacuation
5258:White Army
4431:2009-03-12
4346:0786403713
4134:2017-02-12
4088:2017-03-03
4064:References
3911:7.62×54mmR
3793:witch-hunt
3711:Ukrainians
3605:West Point
3495:epaulettes
3466:, Komdiv,
3441:Lieutenant
3429:epaulettes
3409:See also:
3297:See also:
3248:Tajikistan
3240:Kyrgyzstan
3236:Kazakhstan
3220:Uzbekistan
3204:Azerbaijan
3128:Azerbaijan
2959:raging in
2893:Korean War
2881:proxy wars
2836:, and the
2754:See also:
2695:T-34 tanks
2601:Stalingrad
2566:Yugoslavia
2557:Barbarossa
2462:lend-lease
2406:Winter War
2300:cease-fire
2260:detachment
2097:voyenspets
1869:Lithuanian
1784:Belarusian
1676:Red Terror
1666:Propaganda
1616:Censorship
1607:Repression
1321:Ministries
1311:Government
1265:Governance
1051:Leadership
945:Air Forces
906:Components
803:Air Forces
686:12,750,000
562:Leadership
504:disbanded)
496:1993-12-24
478:1991-12-26
458:1946-02-25
440:1918-02-23
264:in Russian
205:improve it
195:verifiable
121:newspapers
50:improve it
6690:Manchuria
6580:Lithuania
6459:Republics
6447:Republics
6435:Republics
6286:Languages
6150:Transport
6032:Holodomor
5925:Militsiya
5863:President
5755:Stalinism
5657:Elections
5531:Republics
5514:Geography
5504:Nostalgia
5416:Stalinism
5012:MacMillan
4731:143940494
4682:Odom 1998
4584:0882-228X
4546:Odom 1998
4404:1734-6584
4363:pp. 20–24
4078:"Loading"
4044:Russian:
4041:‹See Tfd›
4010:Russian:
4007:‹See Tfd›
3935:5.56×45mm
3928:5.45×39mm
3916:7.62×39mm
3813:ethnicity
3741:Wehrmacht
3731:Caucasian
3723:Estonians
3643:June 2008
3609:Sandhurst
3583:were the
3549:Civil War
3472:Komandarm
3425:commander
3398:Petrograd
3381:Personnel
3317:Politburo
3275:Lithuania
3141:Lithuania
2965:Politburo
2846:Leningrad
2820:, in the
2770:Narkomats
2732:, in the
2722:Manchuria
2716:(Japan's
2714:Manchukuo
2439:Leningrad
2283:and five
2281:divisions
2271:artillery
2237:Manchuria
2231:In 1934,
2226:budenovka
2195:talk page
2130:Civil War
2035:Petrograd
2027:Red Guard
2023:Old Style
1767:Ukrainian
1582:Education
1551:Transport
1447:Stalinism
1377:Judiciary
1220:Presidium
1144:Politburo
1062:President
869:the world
638:Personnel
468:Disbanded
344:talk page
296:Consider
209:citations
56:talk page
6593:Bornholm
6502:Category
6055:Religion
5942:Chairmen
5788:Congress
5750:Leninism
5730:Propiska
5625:Politics
5484:Glasnost
5444:Cold War
5384:February
5283:Red Army
5264:Red Army
5180:Streltsy
5063:, 1987.
5004:(1982).
4947:(1998).
4935:11 March
4723:45346578
4628:Archived
4592:25163360
4425:Archived
4392:Archived
4283:Archived
4209:9 August
4186:9 August
4163:9 August
4128:Archived
3945:See also
3853:Komsomol
3845:zampolit
3841:zampolit
3821:Komsomol
3756:magazine
3719:Latvians
3482:) rank.
3373:and the
3326:de facto
3307:and the
3224:Abkhazia
3116:Caucasus
3114:and the
3047:May 2012
2973:glasnost
2870:Alma-Ata
2750:Cold War
2730:Sakhalin
2628:Napoleon
2626:against
2530:Politruk
2458:Murmansk
2295:regiment
2288:brigades
2285:armoured
2278:infantry
2233:Mongolia
2167:Far East
2126:period.
2116:politruk
2019:Red Army
2007:Red Army
1974:Estonian
1940:Armenian
1880:Romanian
1835:Georgian
1597:Religion
1473:Glasnost
1442:Leninism
1418:Ideology
1331:Cabinets
1113:Congress
927:Red Army
858:Cold War
764:Red Army
447:Red Army
445:(as the
320:provide
6773:(until
6707:Italics
6652:Romania
6630:Hungary
6617:Germany
6611:Finland
6570:Estonia
6559:Austria
6423:Symbols
6336:Fashion
6318:Culture
6232:Society
6177:Science
6142:Rouble
6084:Economy
6060:Science
5870:Premier
5851:Offices
5713:Leaders
5633:General
5601:Siberia
5574:Regions
5548:Oblasts
5389:October
5366:History
4894:16 July
4360:Sanford
4337:177–259
4028:
3692:Tbilisi
3593:officer
3589:colonel
3464:Kombrig
3460:Admiral
3456:General
3443:" and "
3267:Estonia
3232:Belarus
3228:Armenia
3212:Moldova
3208:Georgia
3173:Ukraine
3137:Vilnius
3124:Tbilisi
3085:in the
3035:improve
2989:Vietnam
2860:in the
2509:fascist
2450:Lapland
2351:Ukraine
2347:Belarus
2292:fighter
2248:cavalry
2124:Tsarist
2083:of the
1997:Origins
1986:History
1957:Turkmen
1895:Latvian
1750:Russian
1566:Culture
1501:Economy
1492:Society
1242:Speaker
1154:Orgburo
1123:History
1057:Leaders
731:History
494: (
476: (
456: (
438: (
430:Founded
342:to the
324:in the
266:.
199:neutral
135:scholar
6635:Poland
6575:Latvia
6551:Europe
6442:Emblem
6430:Anthem
6378:Sports
6331:Cinema
6326:Ballet
6308:Racism
6281:Family
5771:Bodies
5359:topics
5073:
4990:
4964:
4913:
4729:
4721:
4637:30 May
4590:
4582:
4459:
4402:
4343:
3889:M91/30
3879:-fed,
3721:, and
3562:Frunze
3503:Kombat
3468:Komkor
3458:" or "
3445:Komdiv
3400:, 1921
3271:Latvia
3256:Crimea
3083:mosaic
2909:MiG-15
2895:, the
2848:, and
2842:Moscow
2686:Stalin
2586:Purges
2394:Skidel
2343:Poland
2056:, the
2039:Moscow
1906:Kyrgyz
1818:Kazakh
1587:Family
1044:
873:Europe
809:, the
805:, the
801:, the
762:, the
697:Budget
551:Moscow
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
6373:Radio
6351:Opera
6346:Music
6249:Crime
6020:Gulag
5898:Cheka
5543:Krais
5145:Rynda
4929:(PDF)
4844:(PDF)
4801:(PDF)
4727:S2CID
4719:JSTOR
4631:(PDF)
4624:(PDF)
4588:JSTOR
3993:Notes
3931:AK-74
3920:AK-47
3783:Purge
3433:ranks
3020:, or
2905:MiG-9
2738:Korea
2648:Guard
2605:Kursk
2599:, at
2386:Kresy
1923:Tajik
1801:Uzbek
883:Names
862:rival
742:Ranks
646:18–35
555:RSFSR
287:DeepL
142:JSTOR
128:books
6775:1968
6670:Asia
6454:Flag
6412:List
6220:List
6132:OGAS
6025:List
5908:NKVD
5696:LGBT
5684:List
5650:1977
5645:1936
5071:ISBN
4988:ISBN
4962:ISBN
4937:2018
4911:ISBN
4896:2007
4820:Time
4783:2023
4738:2023
4639:2014
4580:ISSN
4533:help
4457:ISBN
4400:ISSN
4374:Ibid
4341:ISBN
4211:2015
4188:2015
4165:2015
4026:lit.
3939:M-16
3827:The
3817:CPSU
3754:Time
3729:and
3431:and
3413:and
3279:NATO
3273:and
3261:The
3250:and
3218:and
3132:Baku
3097:and
2907:and
2814:NATO
2774:Navy
2634:and
2545:For
2507:and
2485:and
2425:and
2416:The
2404:The
2378:Lviv
2364:The
2349:and
2239:and
2151:The
2037:and
2013:The
1300:1977
1295:1936
1290:1924
1067:list
950:Navy
819:NKVD
807:Navy
754:The
707:US$
702:US$
418:The
318:must
316:You
280:View
197:and
114:news
5937:KGB
5932:MGB
5920:MVD
5903:GPU
5703:Law
4770:doi
4711:doi
4572:doi
4453:416
3924:AKM
3907:SVT
3893:SKS
3638:.
3607:or
3599:or
3120:MVD
2832:in
2720:in
2448:In
1383:Law
289:or
211:to
97:by
6886::
5969:•
5965:•
5183:c.
5154:c.
5010:.
4986:.
4882:.
4817:.
4766:16
4764:.
4760:.
4746:^
4725:.
4717:.
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4705:.
4701:.
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4586:.
4578:.
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4566:.
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4507:^
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2163:.
2107:,
2005:A
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1925::
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3645:)
3641:(
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3265:(
3060:)
3054:(
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