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1491:, Netherlands. Many in the international community and domestic environmental groups saw this meeting as a chance to finalize a Protocol that could secure ratification. Specifically, COP-6 was intended to complete work on the two-year Buenos Aires Plan of Action (BAPA), agreed upon at COP-4. However, these groups saw the United States as a roadblock to finalize such a Protocol. The discussions evolved rapidly into a high-level negotiation over the major political issues. These included major controversy over the United States' proposal to allow credit for carbon "sinks" in forests and agricultural lands that would satisfy a major proportion of the U.S. emissions reductions in this way; disagreements over consequences for non-compliance by countries that did not meet their emission reduction targets; and difficulties in resolving how
1747:, Kenya. At the meeting, BBC reporter Richard Black coined the phrase "climate tourists" to describe some delegates who attended "to see Africa, take snaps of the wildlife, the poor, dying African children and women". Black also noted that due to delegates concerns over economic costs and possible losses of competitiveness, the majority of the discussions avoided any mention of reducing emissions. Black concluded that was a disconnect between the political process and the scientific imperative. Despite such criticism, certain strides were made at COP12, including in the areas of support for developing countries and clean development mechanism. The parties adopted a five-year plan of work to support
58:
1591:. The United States delegation maintained its observer role, declining to participate actively in the negotiations. Other parties continued to express hope that the United States would re-engage in the process at some point and worked to achieve ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by the requisite number of countries to bring it into force (55 countries needed to ratify it, including those accounting for 55% of developed-country emissions of carbon dioxide in 1990). The date of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (August–September 2002) was put forward as a target to bring the Kyoto Protocol into force. The
1553:: It was agreed that credit would be granted for broad activities that absorb carbon from the atmosphere or store it, including forest and cropland management, and re-vegetation, with no over-all cap on the amount of credit that a country could claim for sinks activities. In the case of forest management, an Appendix Z establishes country-specific caps for each Annex I country. Thus, a cap of 13 million tons could be credited to Japan (which represents about 4% of its base-year emissions). For cropland management, countries could receive credit only for carbon sequestration increases above 1990 levels.
1467:, Argentina. It had been expected that the remaining issues unresolved in Kyoto would be finalized at this meeting. However, the complexity and difficulty of finding agreement on these issues proved insurmountable, and instead the parties adopted a two-year "Buenos Aires Plan of Action" (BAPA) to advance efforts and to devise mechanisms for implementing the Kyoto Protocol, to be completed by 2000. During COP 4, Argentina and Kazakhstan expressed their commitment to take on the greenhouse gas emissions reduction obligation, the first two non-Annex countries to do so.
1479:, Germany. It was primarily a technical meeting, and did not reach major conclusions. 165 Parties were represented at the conference. Conference delegates continued their work toward fulfilling the Buenos Aires Plan of Action (BAPA) adopted at COP 4. In the last two days of the Conference, COP 5 adopted 32 draft decisions and conclusions related to the review of the implementation of commitments. Despite reaching no major conclusions, COP-5 served as an important "intermediate step" laying out the difficult path to finalizing the Kyoto Protocol at COP-6.
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COP 8 was marked by Russia's hesitation, stating that it needed more time to think it over. The Kyoto
Protocol could enter into force once it was ratified by 55 countries, including countries responsible for 55 per cent of the developed world's 1990 carbon dioxide emissions. With the United States (36.1 per cent share of developed-world carbon dioxide) and Australia refusing ratification, Russia's agreement (17% of global emissions in 1990) was required to meet the ratification criteria and therefore Russia could delay the process.
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1547:(CDM) which allows industrialized countries to fund emissions reduction activities in developing countries as an alternative to domestic emission reductions. One of the key elements of this agreement was that there would be no quantitative limit on the credit a country could claim from use of these mechanisms provided domestic action constituted a significant element of the efforts of each Annex B country to meet their targets.
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issues into the future". Ministers and officials from 192 countries took part in the
Copenhagen meeting and in addition there were participants from a large number of civil society organizations. As many Annex 1 industrialized countries are now reluctant to fulfill commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, a large part of the diplomatic work that lays the foundation for a post-Kyoto agreement was undertaken up to the COP 15.
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reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of an average of 6 to 8% below 1990 levels between the years 2008–2012, defined as the first emissions budget period. The United States would be required to reduce its total emissions an average of 7% below 1990 levels; however
Congress did not ratify the treaty after Clinton signed it. The Bush administration explicitly rejected the protocol in 2001.
1785:(AWG-LCA) was established as a new subsidiary body to conduct the negotiations aimed at urgently enhancing the implementation of the Convention up to and beyond 2012. Decision 9/CP.13 is an Amended to the New Delhi work programme. These negotiations took place during 2008 (leading to COP 14/CMP 4 in Poznan, Poland) and 2009 (leading to COP 15/CMP 5 in Copenhagen).
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accord was notable in that it referred to a collective commitment by developed countries for new and additional resources, including forestry and investments through international institutions, that will approach US$ 30 billion for the period 2010–2012. Longer-term options on climate financing mentioned in the accord are being discussed within the UN Secretary
General's
1382:, Germany. Delegates from 117 Parties and 53 Observer States attended the conference. One of the central issues of COP 1 was the adequacy of individual country commitments, resulting in a mandate to begin a process toward individual country action for the period beyond 2000. This included strengthening the commitments of Annex I Parties in Article 4.2(a) and (b).
1662:. The parties agreed to use the Adaptation Fund established at COP 7 in 2001 primarily in supporting developing countries better adapt to climate change. The fund would also be used for capacity-building through technology transfer. At COP 9, the parties also agreed to review the first national reports submitted by 110 non-Annex I countries.
126:. Starting in 2005 the conferences have also served as the "Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of Parties to the Kyoto Protocol" (CMP); also parties to the convention that are not parties to the protocol can participate in protocol-related meetings as observers. From 2011 to 2015 the meetings were used to negotiate the
2095:, including many African states. Prior to the event a special initiative on water was presided by Charafat Afailal, Morocco's Minister in Charge of Water and Aziz Mekouar, COP 22 Ambassador for Multilateral Negotiations. Another focal issue was the need to reduce greenhouse emissions and utilize low-carbon energy sources.
1834:, on 7–18 December 2009. The overall goal for the COP 15/CMP 5 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Denmark was to establish an ambitious global climate agreement for the period from 2012 when the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol expires. However, on 14 November 2009, the
1847:, which is due to report in November 2010. The negotiations on extending the Kyoto Protocol had unresolved issues as did the negotiations on a framework for long-term cooperative action. The working groups on these tracks to the negotiations are now due to report to COP 16 and CMP 6 in Mexico.
1966:
The Doha
Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol (to be accepted before entering into force) featuring a second commitment period running from 2012 until 2020 limited in scope to 15% of the global carbon dioxide emissions due to the lack of commitments of Japan, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, New Zealand (nor the
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announced that "President Obama and other world leaders have decided to put off the difficult task of reaching a climate change agreement... agreeing instead to make it the mission of the
Copenhagen conference to reach a less specific "politically binding" agreement that would punt the most difficult
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on 12 December, governing climate change reduction measures from 2020. The adoption of this agreement ended the work of the Durban platform, established during COP 17. The agreement will enter into force (and thus become fully effective) on 4 November 2016. On 4 October 2016 the threshold for
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Financing: There was agreement on the establishment of three new funds to provide assistance for needs associated with climate change: (1) a fund for climate change that supports a series of climate measures; (2) a least-developed-country fund to support
National Adaptation Programs of Action; and
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Compliance: Final action on compliance procedures and mechanisms that would address non-compliance with
Protocol provisions was deferred to COP 7, but included broad outlines of consequences for failing to meet emissions targets that would include a requirement to "make up" shortfalls at 1.3
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The conference did not achieve a binding agreement for long-term action. A 13-paragraph 'political accord' was negotiated by approximately 25 parties including US and China, but it was only 'noted' by the COP as it is considered an external document, not negotiated within the UNFCCC process. The
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COP 8 adopted the Delhi
Ministerial Declaration that, amongst others, called for efforts by developed countries to transfer technology and minimize the impact of climate change on developing countries. It is also approved the New Delhi work programme on Article 6 of the Convention. The
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goal of a maximum 2 °C global warming and all parties should take urgent action to meet this goal. It also agreed upon greenhouse gas emissions should peak as soon as possible, but recognizing that the time frame for peaking will be longer in developing countries, since social and economic
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in March 2001; as a result the United States delegation to this meeting declined to participate in the negotiations related to the
Protocol and chose to take the role of observer at the meeting. As the other parties negotiated the key issues, agreement was reached on most of the major political
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and emissions from multilateral military operations would not be part of national emissions totals and would be reported outside of those totals. Most industrialized countries and some central European economies in transition (all defined as Annex B countries) agreed to legally binding
2015:
associated with Climate Change Impacts (Loss and Damage Mechanism), to address loss and damage associated with impacts of climate change. This included extreme events and slow onset events, in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.
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and adaptation. To promote developing countries better adapt to climate change, the Buenos Aires Plan of Action was adopted. The parties also began discussing the post-Kyoto mechanism, on how to allocate emission reduction obligation following 2012, when the first commitment period ends.
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The Polish government's vision for presidency states that the organisation of COP 24 will provide an opportunity for convincing other countries that Poland does not hamper the process of tackling dangerous climate change and that Poland is one of the leaders of this process.
1806:, Poland. Delegates agreed on principles for the financing of a fund to help the poorest nations cope with the effects of climate change and they approved a mechanism to incorporate forest protection into the efforts of the international community to combat climate change.
1502:
In the final hours of COP 6, despite some compromises agreed between the United States and some EU countries, notably the United Kingdom, the EU countries as a whole, led by Denmark and Germany, rejected the compromise positions, and the talks in The Hague collapsed.
1444:, along with what came to be known as Kyoto mechanisms such as emissions trading, clean development mechanism and joint implementation. In a separate decision of the Conference of Parties, countries agreed to a range of national security exemptions which stated that
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presenting Bulgaria's candidacy to host in 2024. During the Bonn Climate Change meeting in May 2023, Azerbaijan and Armenia also announced their interest in hosting COP 29. The Eastern Europe Group had difficulties in identifying a potential host due to the
1872:", and a "Climate Technology Centre" and network. However the funding of the Green Climate Fund was not agreed upon. Nor was a commitment to a second period of the Kyoto Protocol agreed upon, but it was concluded that the base year shall be 1990 and the
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United States and Canada, who are not parties to the Protocol in that period) and due to the fact that developing countries like China (the world's largest emitter), India and Brazil are not subject to emissions reductions under the Kyoto Protocol.
1527:, Germany, with little progress having been made in resolving the differences that had produced an impasse in The Hague. However, this meeting took place after George W. Bush had become the President of the United States and had rejected the
4159:
1507:, the President of COP 6, suspended COP 6 without agreement, with the expectation that negotiations would later resume. It was later announced that the COP 6 meetings (termed "COP 6 bis") would be resumed in
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1714:(CMP 1) since their initial meeting in Kyoto in 1997. It was one of the largest intergovernmental conferences on climate change ever. The event marked the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol. Hosting more than
3113:"Memorandum for the President from Roger Ballentine, re: Report on the Fifth Conference of the Parties (COP-5) of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), November 8, 1999 | National Security Archive"
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Russia, Belarus and Ukraine objected at the end of the session, as they had a right to under the session's rules. In closing the conference, the President said that he would note these objections in his final report.
1725:. The Montreal Action Plan was an agreement to "extend the life of the Kyoto Protocol beyond its 2012 expiration date and negotiate deeper cuts in greenhouse-gas emissions". Canada's environment minister at the time,
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All parties "Recognizing that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies and the planet, and thus requires to be urgently addressed by all Parties". It recognizes the
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A compliance regime that outlined consequences for failure to meet emissions targets but deferred to the parties to the Protocol, once it came into force, the decision on whether those consequences would be legally
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2038:(UNFCCC) and the 10th session of the Meeting of the Parties (CMP) to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol (the protocol having been developed under the UNFCCC's charter). The pre-COP conference was held in Venezuela.
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4317:"Statement of H.E. Mr. Peter Thomson, President of the 71st Session of the General Assembly 22nd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 15 November 2016"
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COP 25 was then planned to take place in Parque Bicentenario Cerrillos in Santiago de Chile, Chile from 2 to 13 December with a pre-sessional period from 26 November to 1 December 2019 with up to
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as the Brazil's candidate host city of the event. On 26 May 2023, it was claimed that a U.N. Latin America regional group endorsed the city chosen to host the COP 30, a first for a city in the
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COP 10 took place on 6–17 December 2004. COP 10 discussed the progress made since the first Conference of the Parties 10 years ago and its future challenges, with special emphasis on
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The GA Handbook: A practical guide to the United Nations General Assembly (PDF) (2 ed.). New York: Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations. 2017. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3.
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A number of operational details attendant upon these decisions remained to be negotiated and agreed upon, and these were the major issues considered by the COP 7 meeting that followed.
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2312:. At the beginning of November 2023, the Pope announced he would attend the conference and would stay there for 3 days, but unfortunately he had to cancel his trip due to health issues.
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The 25th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 25) to the UNFCCC was planned to take place from 11 to 22 November 2019 in Brazil. Upon election as President of Brazil,
1777:. Agreement on a timeline and structured negotiation on the post-2012 framework (the end of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol) was achieved with the adoption of the
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COP 23 was held on 6–17 November 2017. On Friday, 18 November 2016, the end of COP 22, the Chairperson of COP 23 from Fiji announced that it would be held in Bonn,
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Plan of Action, finalizing most of the operational details and setting the stage for nations to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. The completed package of decisions is known as the
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3137:"Cable, State 241167 to Environment Science and Technology Collective. Subject: Clock Runs Out on Climate Change Conference, December 21, 2000 | National Security Archive"
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2496:'s Minister of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change Murat Kurum declared Turkey's candidacy to host COP 31. In August 2023, Turkey withdrew from hosting the
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A decision to consider at COP 8 how to achieve a review of the adequacy of commitments that might lead to discussions on future commitments by developing countries.
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by developing countries, and agreed on the procedures and modalities for the Adaptation Fund. They also agreed to improve the projects for clean development mechanism.
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COP 27 was originally expected to take place in November 2021, but was moved to 2022 due to the rescheduling of COP 26 from 2020 to 2021. It took place in
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Delegates also established: a pilot phase for Joint Implementation projects; an agreement that the Permanent Secretariat should be located in Bonn, Germany; and the
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tons to 1, suspension of the right to sell credits for surplus emissions reductions, and a required compliance action plan for those not meeting their targets.
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3161:"Memorandum for John Podesta and Charles Burson from George Frampton, et al., Re: COP6: Policy Status and Outlook, April 18, 2000 | National Security Archive"
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1926:(GCF) for which a management framework was adopted. The fund is to distribute US$ 100 billion per year to help poor countries adapt to climate impacts.
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Any offer to host COP 31, will first need to be approved by the Western Europe and Other Group before being presented and approved at COP 30.
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1539:: The "flexibility mechanisms" which the United States had strongly favored when the Protocol was initially put together, including emissions trading,
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2099:, President of the UN General Assembly, called for the transformation of the global economy in all sectors to achieve a low emissions global economy.
1401:, Switzerland. Its ministerial declaration was noted (but not adopted) on 18 July 1996, and reflected a United States position statement presented by
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deal comprising all countries, to be adopted in 2015, governing the period post 2020. There was also progress regarding the creation of a
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adoption was reached with over 55 countries representing at least 55% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions ratifying the Agreement.
1511:, Germany, in the second half of July. The next regularly scheduled meeting of the parties to the UNFCCC, COP 7, had been set for
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2322:, gave the opening address at the summit, his first speech on the climate crisis since becoming monarch. United States president
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1389:. Conference delegates did not reach consensus on the Rules of Procedures, and a decision on voting rules was deferred to COP 2.
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4292:"Water and Climate Justice on the Road to COP22 | COP22 MARRAKECH 2016 | United nations conference on climate change"
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stated that organizers were "exploring alternative hosting options". Then Spain offered, and was appointed, as the new host.
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issues, to the surprise of most observers, given the low expectations that preceded the meeting. The agreements included:
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4238:"Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change - 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius"
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The outcome of the summit was an agreement adopted by the states' parties that called for the US$ 100 billion per annum "
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Article 6 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is about education, training and public awareness
2008:, Poland from 11 to 23 November 2013. The most prominent result was the adoption of the Warsaw Framework for REDD-plus.
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2232:. Among other things, this conference led to the development of the Accelerating to Zero coalition to accelerate the
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2385:. The decision to host COP29 in Azerbaijan was criticized by human rights activists and political analysts due to
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The Climate Change Conference of UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies was convened in Bonn, Germany, from 17 to 27 June 2019.
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announced Chile's withdrawal from hosting the summit in late October 2019. UN Climate Change Executive Secretary
1958:, Qatar, from 26 November to 7 December 2012. The Conference produced a package of documents collectively titled
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delegates, it was one of Canada's largest international events ever and the largest gathering in Montreal since
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1933:, declared it a success, scientists and environmental groups warned that the deal was not sufficient to avoid
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3032:"National Security and Climate Change: Behind the U.S. Pursuit of Military Exemptions to the Kyoto Protocol"
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134:, which created a general path towards climate action. Any final text of a COP must be agreed by consensus.
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2083:, in the North African country of Morocco, on 7–18 November 2016. A focal issue of COP 22 is that of
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2129:, on 13 April launched the logo for this year's United Nations Climate Change Conference, to be held at
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On 26 May 2023, Lula da Silva confirmed the city of Belém was chosen as COP 30 host. On the left,
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5371:"'It doesn't make sense': Pacific leaders say Australia's support for new coal at odds with Cop29 bid"
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2440:, the world's largest intact forest, hosts the event. On 11 January 2023, President Lula and the
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and meet their obligations to plan for measuring and possibly reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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Belém was officially chosen as the COP 30 host during the COP 28 in Dubai on 11 December 2023.
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2004:(the protocol having been developed under the UNFCCC's charter). The conference was held in
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Negotiations on a successor to the Kyoto Protocol were the primary focus of the conference.
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4160:"Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts"
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COP 19 was the 19th yearly session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the 1992
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2125:. (COP 23/CMP 13). Fijian Prime Minister and incoming President of COP 23,
2034:, Peru, hosted the 20th yearly session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the 1992
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the host of COP 30 in 2025 and would aim to put the venue in one of the country's
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Language on loss and damage, formalized for the first time in the conference documents.
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1583:, Morocco, from 29 October to 10 November 2001, negotiators wrapped up the work on the
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4675:"COP26 declaration on accelerating the transition to 100% zero emission cars and vans"
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Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety
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5236:[Lula decides to launch Belém as Brazil's candidate to host COP 30 in 2025].
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6036:
5972:
3547:
3435:
2060:
from 30 November to 12 December 2015. Negotiations resulted in the adoption of the
1778:
4266:
1726:
7255:
7176:
7140:
7069:
7043:
7031:
6948:
6880:
6755:
6612:
6224:
6175:
6153:
5569:
2626:
2534:
2402:
2330:
and internal US government spending difficulties being cited as possible causes.
2259:
2228:, United Kingdom, but was postponed to 31 October to 12 November 2021 due to the
2130:
2061:
2051:
1919:
1209:
127:
122:
to establish legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their
67:
3185:""Climate Change and Human Health", Radio Netherlands Archives, 13 October 2000"
2938:
2542:
2514:
7208:
7064:
7006:
7001:
6843:
6732:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6302:
6239:
5977:
5957:
5916:
5837:
5562:
2998:"The Clinton White House and Climate Change, Part II: Engaging the Oval Office"
2619:
2482:
2351:
2305:
2291:
2182:
2088:
2084:
2001:
1934:
1528:
1437:
1185:
119:
115:
94:
3160:
3136:
3112:
2909:
1695:
COP 11/CMP 1 took place between 28 November and 9 December 2005, in
7394:
7281:
7213:
6938:
6760:
6745:
6680:
6575:
5441:
4978:
4920:
4774:
4763:"In a First, Rich Countries Agree to Pay for Climate Damages in Poor Nations"
2841:
2453:
2011:
The Conference also established the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) for
2000:(UNFCCC) and the 9th session of the Meeting of the Parties (CMP) to the 1997
1402:
34:
5234:"Lula decide lançar Belém como candidata do Brasil à sede da COP 30 em 2025"
4733:"Egypt "selected as nominee" to host COP27 climate talks - U.S. envoy Kerry"
7166:
6963:
6607:
6597:
6244:
6128:
6041:
5176:"COP27: Greeted like a rock star, Brazil's Lula promises to protect Amazon"
4505:"Chile, Rocked by Unrest, Withdraws From Hosting Climate and Trade Summits"
4004:"Remarks by H.E. Mr. Abdullah Bin Hamad Al-Attiyah, COP 18/CMP 8 President"
3899:
3837:
2548:
2406:
2300:
1596:
1584:
1464:
1445:
816:
544:
292:
4703:
4398:
3439:
3210:
7193:
6710:
6702:
5952:
5084:"Bitter conflicts stop Eastern Europe from choosing next year's Cop host"
2830:"The UN holds the first Cop climate conference in Berlin – archive, 1995"
2738:
2359:
2315:
1783:
Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention
1550:
377:
233:
3904:"Durban deal will not avert catastrophic climate change, say scientists"
2939:"Part 4. Commentary on Impacts: Climate Science, Politics and Feedbacks"
2528:
2436:. That would be the first time that Brazil, which is home to 60% of the
7225:
6602:
5568:
Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties of the
5561:
Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties of the
4244:. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Archived from
2378:
1827:
1610:
among parties to the Protocol and for the CDM and joint implementation;
1440:, which outlined the greenhouse gas emissions reduction obligation for
1296:
729:
110:(UNFCCC). They serve as the formal meeting of the UNFCCC parties – the
4761:
Plumer, Brad; Friedman, Lisa; Bearak, Max; Gross, Jenny (2022-11-19).
4073:"Climate talks: UN forum extends Kyoto Protocol, settles compensation"
3751:
3749:
2224:
was originally scheduled to take place from 9 to 19 November 2020, in
6170:
5400:"Türkiye candidate for COP31 climate summit: Minister - Türkiye News"
4567:
2323:
2210:
2080:
1774:
1636:
1580:
1504:
1488:
988:
668:
557:
472:
436:
364:
305:
3977:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2014-08-12).
3546:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2014-06-02).
2354:
announced it was considering entering a bid to host the conference.
2247:
1862:
1803:
1413:
Accepted the scientific findings on climate change proffered by the
766:
692:
5430:"Turkey withdraws as host of Cop16, blaming February's earthquakes"
4186:. Capital Broadcasting Network. Capital Group Limited. 2013-06-14.
3746:
2370:
2355:
2152:
1766:
1696:
1062:
581:
137:
The first UN Climate Change Conference was held in 1995 in Berlin.
2445:
1320:
6148:
5806:
3842:"Global climate change treaty in sight after Durban breakthrough"
3805:
3208:
3064:
2681:"COP26: Rich countries 'pushing back' on paying for climate loss"
2374:
2225:
2122:
1886:
1831:
1744:
1722:
1475:
COP 5 took place between 25 October and 5 November 1999, in
1172:
1111:
1038:
1001:
742:
618:
449:
413:
341:
197:
5263:"Brazil says UN confirmed Amazonian city of Belem as COP30 host"
4800:"Dubai ruler says UAE to host COP 28 climate conference in 2023"
2449:
2140:
2068:
7161:
4879:"COP28 UAE | United Nations Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC)"
2421:
2413:
2221:
2005:
1974:
The conference made little progress towards the funding of the
1799:
1420:
Rejected uniform "harmonized policies" in favor of flexibility;
1398:
1379:
1333:
1135:
1075:
964:
890:
877:
803:
779:
705:
594:
220:
184:
4967:"King Charles to give opening address at Cop28 climate summit"
4650:
UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) at the SEC – Glasgow 2020
4624:"Spain Agrees to Host Key Climate Talks After Chile Pulls Out"
4533:
4456:
2500:
in 2024. However its COP31 bid was reconfirmed later in 2023.
2358:
also expressed its desire to host COP 29, with President
2333:
7075:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
6158:
5537:
5025:"Czech Republic considering bid to host COP29 climate summit"
4102:"19th Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC"
2102:
2057:
1951:
1659:
1655:
1433:
1246:
1222:
1148:
951:
853:
631:
521:
508:
485:
269:
256:
27:
Yearly conference held for climate change treaty negotiations
4909:"Pope Francis 'still unwell' after cancelling trip to Cop28"
4878:
4563:"Chile pulls out of hosting APEC and COP 25 due to protests"
2637:
2635:
1765:
COP 13/CMP 3 took place on 3–15 December 2007, at
5000:"Biden expected to skip COP climate summit, trip to Africa"
4645:
2417:
2392:
2382:
2170:
2031:
1955:
1896:
1770:
1743:
COP 12/CMP 2 took place on 6–17 November 2006 in
1524:
1508:
1476:
1283:
1098:
1025:
927:
914:
840:
655:
400:
328:
5467:"Turkey's Erdogan Offers To Host UN Climate Talks In 2026"
2780:"Eastern European nations pave way for Baku to host COP29"
1812:
7251:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
5342:"Pacific islands back Australia joint bid to host Cop 29"
4760:
2632:
2269:
1665:
3791:
2280:
1889:
eradication are the first and overriding priorities of
1684:
1523:
COP 6 negotiations resumed on 17–27 July 2001, in
1495:
could obtain financial assistance to deal with adverse
1452:
2195:
delegates scheduled to attend. However, following the
1754:
1729:, said the agreement provides a "map for the future".
1482:
1436:, Japan. After intensive negotiations, it adopted the
7092:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
5557:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
5317:"Brasil é formalmente eleito como país-sede da COP30"
4135:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2557:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2041:
2036:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
1998:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
1985:
1850:
1788:
1732:
1617:
Accounting procedures for the flexibility mechanisms;
108:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
4534:"Santiago Climate Change Conference - December 2019"
3830:
3548:"Montreal Climate Change Conference - December 2005"
2645:
Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories
2510:
1635:
Taking place from 23 October to 1 November 2002, in
1405:, former Under Secretary for Global Affairs for the
526:
WEOG (COP President: Hungary, Eastern Europe Group)
140:
106:
are yearly conferences held in the framework of the
5054:"Bulgaria says willing to host COP29 climate talks"
4854:"2023 UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 28)"
4376:. No. Online. UN. UN Climate Change Newsroom.
4106:
International Institute for Sustainable Development
2481:announced plans to host COP 31 along with its
2133:in November. This conference saw the launch of the
1918:The conference agreed to a start negotiations on a
1392:
1043:WEOG (COP President: Fiji, Asia and Pacific Group)
118:, and beginning in the mid-1990s, to negotiate the
5152:"If Azerbaijan Wants Peace, It Should Share COP29"
4704:"COP26: New global climate deal struck in Glasgow"
2584:
2211:2021: COP 26/CMP 16/CMA 3, Glasgow, United Kingdom
2019:
1940:
1937:beyond 2 °C as more urgent action is needed.
1568:
310:Group of Latin America and the Caribbean (GRULAC)
4503:Londoño, Ernesto; Sengupta, Somini (2019-10-30).
4235:
3638:Gateway to the UN System's Work on Climate Change
2248:2022: COP 27/CMP 17/CMA 4, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt
1487:COP 6 took place on 13–25 November 2000, in
7392:
7292:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
5288:"ONU confirma Belém como sede da COP-30 em 2025"
3979:"Doha Climate Change Conference - November 2012"
1865:, Mexico, from 28 November to 10 December 2010.
1802:/CMP 4 took place on 1–12 December 2008 in
1624:
5114:"Controversy as COP29 to be held in Azerbaijan"
4502:
4039:"UN Climate Conference throws Kyoto a Lifeline"
3496:"Climate-change conference ends with key deals"
2805:"Berlin Climate Change Conference - March 1995"
2498:United Nations' COP 16 biodiversity summit
2304:in which he calls for brisk action against the
1654:COP 9 took place on 1–12 December 2003 in
1518:
1463:COP 4 took place on 2–14 November 1998 in
1432:COP 3 took place on 1–11 December 1997 in
1369:
2151:COP 24 was held on 3–14 December 2018 in
1845:High Level Advisory Group on Climate Financing
1423:Called for "legally binding mid-term targets".
6027:History of climate change policy and politics
5822:
5523:
4259:
4206:
4204:
4067:
4065:
3519:
3402:Timeline : Nature Reports Climate Change
3089:"Summary report 25 October – 5 November 1999"
2340:2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2276:2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2254:2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2217:2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2177:2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2147:2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2141:2018: COP 24/CMP 14/CMA 1-3, Katowice, Poland
2117:2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2075:2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2069:2016: COP 22/CMP 12/CMA 1, Marrakech, Morocco
2048:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2026:2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1992:2013 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1947:2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1903:2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1857:2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1819:2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1795:2008 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1761:2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1739:2006 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1691:2005 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1672:2004 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1650:2003 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1631:2002 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1575:2001 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1470:
1459:1998 United Nations Climate Change Conference
1397:COP 2 took place from 8–19 July 1996 in
64:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference
5136:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3868:
3866:
3723:"Copenhagen Accord of 18 December 2009"
2462:
2389:and the country's reliance on fossil-fuels.
2377:dropped their bids to host COP29 leading to
2162:
1643:
1427:
1378:took place from 28 March to 7 April 1995 in
6144:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
5205:"Brazil and the Amazon Forest | Greenpeace"
4349:"How Bad Will Trump Be for Climate Policy?"
3898:
3836:
3694:"Leaders Will Delay Deal on Climate Change"
3655:
2334:2024: COP 29/CMP 19/CMA 6, Baku, Azerbaijan
1602:The main decisions at COP 7 included:
114:(COP) – to assess progress in dealing with
7373:
7361:
6818:
5829:
5815:
5530:
5516:
5427:
4201:
4062:
3209:John Hickman & Sarah Bartlett (2001).
2103:2017: COP 23/CMP 13/CMA 1-2, Bonn, Germany
56:
7401:United Nations climate change conferences
7113:
6919:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
6052:United Nations Climate Change conferences
5539:United Nations climate change conferences
4011:United Nations Climate Change Secretariat
3863:
1415:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
104:United Nations Climate Change Conferences
51:United Nations Climate Change Conferences
6623:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
5762:COP27–CMP17–CMA4 (Sharm El Sheikh, 2022)
5112:Aghayev, Anna Edgar, Ismi (2023-12-13).
4621:
3211:"Global Tragedy of the Commons at COP 6"
2886:"Summary report 28 March – 7 April 1995"
2862:"Summary report 28 March – 7 April 1995"
2396:
2393:2025: COP 30/CMP 20/CMA 7, Belém, Brazil
2287:, from 30 November to 12 December 2023.
2185:withdrew Brazil from hosting the event.
2171:2019: COP 25/CMP 15/CMA 2, Madrid, Spain
2106:
1962:. The documents collectively contained:
1897:2011: COP 17/CMP 7, Durban, South Africa
1704:onference of the Parties serving as the
18:United Nations Climate Change conference
6979:National Adaptation Programme of Action
6768:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
5111:
4939:
3661:
3029:
2995:
2774:
2772:
2710:"Stages of climate change negotiations"
2087:, water cleanliness, and water-related
1954:hosted COP 18 which took place in
1929:While the president of the conference,
1915:, from 28 November to 9 December 2011.
1813:2009: COP 15/CMP 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
1593:World Summit on Sustainable Development
1417:(IPCC) in its second assessment (1995);
14:
7393:
6628:Economics of climate change mitigation
6591:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
6104:
5932:Scientific consensus on climate change
5022:
4997:
4964:
4594:"UN Climate Change Statement on COP25"
4346:
3962:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3691:
3425:
2641:
2485:neighbours, and discussed this at the
2283:took place at Expo City Dubai, in the
202:Western Europe and Other Group (WEOG)
7287:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
7112:
6817:
6553:
6103:
6015:
5896:
5848:
5810:
5511:
4906:
3872:
3757:"Dates and venues of future sessions"
3571:
2827:
2731:
2469:Greenhouse gas emissions by Australia
2270:2023: COP 28/CMP 18/CMA 5, Dubai, UAE
1876:shall be those provided by the IPCC.
1666:2004: COP 10, Buenos Aires, Argentina
7309:Representative Concentration Pathway
6250:Tipping points in the climate system
5926:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
5285:
4214:. UNFCCC. 2014-06-14. Archived from
4184:"Peru to host 2014 UN climate talks"
2769:
2642:Jepsen, Henrik; et al. (2021).
1685:2005: COP 11/CMP 1, Montreal, Canada
1606:Operational rules for international
1453:1998: COP 4, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1153:WEOG (COP President: Chile, GRULAC)
7080:Nationally determined contributions
6790:Individual action on climate change
5995:World energy supply and consumption
5736:COP24–CMP14–CMA1.3 (Katowice, 2018)
5156:American Enterprise Institute - AEI
3813:"Durban to Host Climate Conference"
2968:"US commitment on greenhouse gases"
2702:
2290:In advance to the conference, Pope
2262:, Egypt. It led to an agreement on
1755:2007: COP 13/CMP 3, Bali, Indonesia
1708:eeting of the Parties to the Kyoto
1699:, Quebec, Canada. It was the first
1483:2000: COP 6, The Hague, Netherlands
1363:WEOG Australia and Pacific Nations
24:
7219:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
5836:
5726:COP22–CMP12–CMA1 (Marrakech, 2016)
5489:
5428:Greenfield, Patrick (2023-08-03).
5321:Ministério das Relações Exteriores
5081:
4600:. UNFCCC Secretariat. 2019-10-30.
3875:"Climate talks end with late deal"
2598:. Lead India. 2009. Archived from
2592:"What is the UNFCCC & the COP"
2473:Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey
2042:2015: COP 21/CMP 11, Paris, France
1986:2013: COP 19/CMP 9, Warsaw, Poland
1851:2010: COP 16/CMP 6, Cancún, Mexico
1789:2008: COP 14/CMP 4, Poznań, Poland
1733:2006: COP 12/CMP 2, Nairobi, Kenya
25:
7412:
7146:Satellite temperature measurement
6751:forestry for carbon sequestration
6032:History of climate change science
3574:"Climate talks a tricky business"
2910:"1996: COP2, Geneva, Switzerland"
2412:In 2022, during his statement at
2234:phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
1407:United States Department of State
141:List of conferences and locations
7372:
7360:
7349:
7348:
7336:
6997:Climate Change Performance Index
6376:Destruction of cultural heritage
5789:
5788:
5757:COP26–CMP16–CMA3 (Glasgow, 2021)
5483:
5459:
5421:
5392:
4940:Richard, Lawrence (2023-11-29).
4634:from the original on 2019-10-31.
4236:no by-line.--> (2015-12-12).
4131:"Warsaw Framework for REDD-plus"
3093:IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin
2890:IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin
2866:IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin
2541:
2527:
2513:
2387:Azerbaijan's human rights abuses
1393:1996: COP 2, Geneva, Switzerland
1326:
1289:
1252:
1215:
1178:
1141:
1104:
1068:
1031:
994:
957:
920:
883:
846:
809:
772:
735:
698:
661:
624:
587:
550:
514:
478:
442:
406:
370:
334:
298:
262:
226:
190:
7136:Instrumental temperature record
7087:Sustainable Development Goal 13
5741:COP25–CMP15–CMA2 (Madrid, 2019)
5731:COP23–CMP13–CMA1.2 (Bonn, 2017)
5448:from the original on 2023-08-12
5410:from the original on 2023-08-10
5381:from the original on 2022-10-04
5363:
5352:from the original on 2022-10-04
5334:
5309:
5298:from the original on 2023-05-26
5279:
5255:
5244:from the original on 2023-01-11
5226:
5215:from the original on 2022-11-17
5197:
5186:from the original on 2022-11-16
5168:
5144:
5105:
5094:from the original on 2023-08-10
5075:
5064:from the original on 2023-05-31
5046:
5035:from the original on 2023-08-21
5016:
4998:Lemire, Jonathan (2023-11-03).
4991:
4965:Davies, Caroline (2023-11-01).
4958:
4933:
4900:
4889:from the original on 2023-03-15
4871:
4860:from the original on 2020-01-02
4846:
4835:from the original on 2022-12-31
4821:
4810:from the original on 2020-01-02
4792:
4781:from the original on 2023-04-30
4754:
4743:from the original on 2020-01-02
4725:
4714:from the original on 2023-02-06
4696:
4685:from the original on 2021-11-10
4667:
4656:from the original on 2020-04-08
4638:
4622:Sengupta, Somini (2019-10-31).
4615:
4604:from the original on 2019-10-30
4586:
4575:from the original on 2019-10-30
4555:
4544:from the original on 2019-07-25
4526:
4515:from the original on 2019-10-31
4496:
4478:
4467:from the original on 2018-10-23
4449:
4438:from the original on 2018-11-17
4420:
4409:from the original on 2023-04-30
4391:
4380:from the original on 2017-06-06
4366:
4355:from the original on 2020-08-24
4340:
4329:from the original on 2017-06-10
4309:
4298:from the original on 2016-10-22
4284:
4273:from the original on 2016-10-16
4229:
4190:from the original on 2013-06-17
4176:
4152:
4141:from the original on 2022-04-10
4123:
4112:from the original on 2013-02-13
4094:
4083:from the original on 2018-07-16
4051:from the original on 2020-04-21
4031:
4020:from the original on 2013-03-13
3996:
3985:from the original on 2013-03-18
3970:
3945:from the original on 2012-05-11
3925:
3914:from the original on 2014-07-27
3892:
3881:from the original on 2011-12-10
3852:from the original on 2013-10-01
3819:from the original on 2012-10-11
3790:. Cop16 website. Archived from
3780:
3769:from the original on 2012-11-14
3735:from the original on 2010-01-31
3715:
3704:from the original on 2010-06-05
3685:
3674:from the original on 2020-08-24
3644:from the original on 2012-11-03
3626:
3615:from the original on 2012-03-28
3595:
3565:
3554:from the original on 2011-10-12
3539:
3528:from the original on 2012-09-05
3513:
3502:from the original on 2007-03-24
3488:
3477:from the original on 2012-05-14
3457:
3446:from the original on 2012-12-12
3419:
3408:from the original on 2012-04-27
3390:
3381:
3370:from the original on 2012-10-14
3356:
3345:from the original on 2012-03-28
3325:
3314:from the original on 2012-03-28
3294:
3283:from the original on 2012-03-31
3263:
3252:from the original on 2012-05-14
3232:
3221:from the original on 2013-05-16
3202:
3191:from the original on 2021-04-20
3177:
3153:
3129:
3105:
3081:
3057:
3046:from the original on 2022-01-23
3030:Hermann, Burkely (2022-01-20).
3023:
3012:from the original on 2022-01-23
2989:
2978:from the original on 2016-11-15
2960:
2949:from the original on 2019-03-25
2931:
2920:from the original on 2016-11-15
2902:
2878:
2854:
2821:
2749:from the original on 2016-11-15
2720:from the original on 2017-01-13
2691:from the original on 2021-12-09
2662:from the original on 2022-12-10
2020:2014: COP 20/CMP 10, Lima, Peru
1941:2012: COP 18/CMP 8, Doha, Qatar
1569:2001: COP 7, Marrakech, Morocco
7204:Climate variability and change
6554:
6235:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
5767:COP28–CMP18–CMA5 (Dubai, 2023)
3815:. Greenpeace.org. 2010-11-16.
3662:Goering, Laurie (2008-12-13).
3426:Hopkin, Michael (2004-09-30).
3065:"COP 5 25 Oct. - 05 Nov. 1999"
2996:Wampler, Robert (2021-04-05).
2797:
2760:
2673:
2648:. Cambridge University Press.
2613:
2562:Action for Climate Empowerment
13:
1:
7314:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
6849:Climate emergency declaration
5772:COP29–CMP19–CMA6 (Baku, 2024)
5680:COP15–CMP5 (Copenhagen, 2009)
5240:(in Portuguese). 2023-01-11.
4907:Tondo, Lorenzo (2023-11-29).
4538:United Nations Climate Change
4374:"COP23 Logo Launched in Fiji"
3873:Black, Richard (2011-12-11).
3692:Cooper, Helene (2009-11-14).
3572:Black, Richard (2006-11-18).
2577:
2572:2019 UN Climate Action Summit
1882:IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
1625:2002: COP 8, New Delhi, India
1579:At the COP 7 meeting in
7297:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
6523:Middle East and North Africa
5849:
4347:Victor, David (2016-11-14).
3902:; Vidal, John (2011-12-11).
3840:; Vidal, John (2011-12-11).
3520:Stephane Dion (2005-12-13).
2739:"More Background on the COP"
2629:. Accessed on 14 March 2014.
2567:Global Climate Action Summit
2434:more populous coastal region
2346:Climate change in Azerbaijan
2056:The COP 21 was held in
1519:2001: COP 6-2, Bonn, Germany
1515:, in October–November 2001.
1370:1995: COP 1, Berlin, Germany
62:Heads of delegations at the
7:
6371:Depopulation of settlements
6016:
5660:COP11–CMP1 (Montreal, 2005)
5348:. Argus Media. 2022-07-15.
5294:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
5023:Abnett, Kate (2022-11-14).
3428:"Russia backs Kyoto treaty"
3333:"climateanddevelopment.org"
2506:
2442:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2420:said he would seek to make
2381:being the sole host bid in
2365:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2240:to "phase down" the use of
2135:Powering Past Coal Alliance
1545:Clean Development Mechanism
1059:CMP 14 / CMA 1-3
1022:CMP 13 / CMA 1-2
10:
7417:
7131:Global surface temperature
7022:Popular culture depictions
6934:Ecosystem-based adaptation
6664:Carbon capture and storage
6586:Carbon offsets and credits
5897:
5665:COP12–CMP2 (Nairobi, 2006)
5655:COP10 (Buenos Aires, 2004)
4242:UN Climate Change Newsroom
2828:Brown, Paul (2023-12-06).
2466:
2343:
2337:
2320:King of the United Kingdom
2273:
2251:
2214:
2174:
2144:
2114:
2072:
2045:
2023:
1989:
1944:
1900:
1854:
1816:
1792:
1758:
1736:
1688:
1669:
1647:
1628:
1572:
1471:1999: COP 5, Bonn, Germany
1456:
429:
7343:Climate change portal
7330:
7269:
7236:Extreme event attribution
7154:
7123:
7119:
7108:
7052:
6987:
6909:
6859:School Strike for Climate
6831:
6827:
6813:
6782:
6738:Climate-smart agriculture
6699:
6656:
6566:
6562:
6549:
6473:
6326:
6273:
6116:
6112:
6099:
6022:
6011:
5940:
5909:
5905:
5892:
5875:Climate change adaptation
5870:Climate change mitigation
5865:Effects of climate change
5855:
5844:
5784:
5749:
5721:COP21–CMP11 (Paris, 2015)
5711:COP19–CMP9 (Warsaw, 2013)
5701:COP17–CMP7 (Durban, 2011)
5696:COP16–CMP6 (Cancún, 2010)
5688:
5675:COP14–CMP4 (Poznań, 2008)
5622:
5609:COP4 (Buenos Aires, 1998)
5586:
5579:
5553:Conference of the Parties
5545:
5323:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
4351:. MIT Technology Review.
3215:Synthesis/Regeneration 24
3040:National Security Archive
3006:National Security Archive
2463:2026: COP 31/CMP 21/CMA 8
2326:did not attend, with the
2242:coal-fired power stations
2163:2019: SB50, Bonn, Germany
2091:, a major problem in the
1874:global warming potentials
1749:climate change adaptation
1678:climate change mitigation
1644:2003: COP 9, Milan, Italy
1595:(WSSD) was to be held in
1497:effects of climate change
1428:1997: COP 3, Kyoto, Japan
1376:Conference of the Parties
1354:CMP 21 / CMA 8
1349:
1317:CMP 20 / CMA 7
1312:
1280:CMP 19 / CMA 6
1275:
1243:CMP 18 / CMA 5
1238:
1206:CMP 17 / CMA 4
1201:
1169:CMP 16 / CMA 3
1164:
1132:CMP 15 / CMA 2
1127:
1091:
1054:
1017:
985:CMP 12 / CMA 1
980:
943:
906:
869:
832:
795:
758:
721:
684:
647:
610:
573:
537:
501:
465:
393:
357:
321:
285:
249:
213:
177:
112:Conference of the Parties
90:
74:
55:
7246:Global warming potential
7053:International agreements
6700:Preserving and enhancing
6134:Arctic methane emissions
6056:Years in climate change
5963:Greenhouse gas emissions
5860:Causes of climate change
5716:COP20–CMP10 (Lima, 2014)
5492:"How COPs are organized"
4829:"COP28 - Date and Venue"
2079:COP 22 was held in
1960:The Doha Climate Gateway
1861:COP 16 was held in
1781:(Decision 1/CP.13). The
1409:at that meeting, which:
124:greenhouse gas emissions
66:, which established the
7277:Climate change scenario
6929:Disaster risk reduction
6581:Carbon emission trading
6391:U.S. insurance industry
6361:Civilizational collapse
6208:sea surface temperature
5706:COP18–CMP8 (Doha, 2012)
5670:COP13–CMP3 (Bali, 2007)
4806:. Reuters. 2021-11-12.
3398:"2002 Russia hesitates"
2030:On 1–12 December 2014,
1264:Asia and Pacific Group
858:Asia and Pacific Group
673:Asia and Pacific Group
490:Asia and Pacific Group
274:Asia and Pacific Group
31:
7270:Research and modelling
6954:Nature-based solutions
6774:Nature-based solutions
6716:Carbon dioxide removal
6633:Fossil fuel divestment
6618:Climate risk insurance
6528:Small island countries
6139:Arctic sea ice decline
5645:COP8 (New Delhi, 2002)
5640:COP7 (Marrakech, 2001)
5630:COP6 (The Hague, 2000)
5082:Lo, Joe (2023-06-06).
3524:. Environment Canada.
2444:announced the city of
2409:
2112:
1931:Maite Nkoana-Mashabane
44:considered for merging
7231:Earth's energy budget
7114:Background and theory
7002:Climate crisis (term)
6674:Fossil fuel phase-out
6568:Economics and finance
6533:by individual country
6475:By country and region
6450:Security and conflict
6445:Psychological impacts
6124:Abrupt climate change
6047:Charles David Keeling
5880:By country and region
4571:. Paris. 2019-10-30.
3603:"Ciesin.columbia.edu"
3440:10.1038/news040927-15
3364:"Naturvardsverket.se"
2625:14 March 2014 at the
2521:Global warming portal
2487:Pacific Islands Forum
2428:(most of them in the
2400:
2328:2023 Israel–Hamas war
2310:climate change denial
2296:apostolic exhortation
2197:2019 Chilean protests
2110:
1301:Eastern Europe Group
1080:Eastern Europe Group
895:Eastern Europe Group
710:Eastern Europe Group
7060:Glasgow Climate Pact
6721:Carbon sequestration
6286:Mass mortality event
5286:Ribbeiro, Leonardo.
4461:COP 24 Katowice 2018
4432:COP 24 Katowice 2018
3634:"Calendar of Events"
2285:United Arab Emirates
2238:Glasgow Climate Pact
2199:, Chilean President
1913:Durban, South Africa
1891:developing countries
1541:joint implementation
1493:developing countries
1260:United Arab Emirates
7199:Climate sensitivity
6974:The Adaptation Fund
6430:Infectious diseases
6327:Social and economic
5599:COP2 (Geneva, 1996)
5594:COP1 (Berlin, 1995)
5404:Hürriyet Daily News
4486:"Climate Diplomacy"
2620:The Adaptation Fund
2432:), rather than the
2405:and, on the right,
1537:Flexible mechanisms
52:
6770:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
6742:Forest management
6726:Direct air capture
6691:Sustainable energy
6648:Net zero emissions
6643:Low-carbon economy
6638:Green Climate Fund
6425:Indigenous peoples
6318:Plant biodiversity
6106:Effects and issues
5650:COP9 (Milan, 2003)
5604:COP3 (Kyoto, 1997)
5346:www.argusmedia.com
5209:www.greenpeace.org
4767:The New York Times
4628:The New York Times
4509:The New York Times
4044:The Globe and Mail
3698:The New York Times
2416:, president-elect
2410:
2113:
1976:Green Climate Fund
1924:Green Climate Fund
1870:Green Climate Fund
1513:Marrakech, Morocco
50:
7388:
7387:
7326:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7261:Radiative forcing
7104:
7103:
7100:
7099:
6924:Adaptive capacity
6809:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6669:Energy transition
6545:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6255:Tropical cyclones
6181:Urban heat island
6095:
6094:
6007:
6006:
6003:
6002:
5968:Carbon accounting
5922:Greenhouse effect
5888:
5887:
5804:
5803:
5780:
5779:
5635:COP6 (Bonn, 2001)
5614:COP5 (Bonn, 1999)
5088:Climate Home News
3668:Los Angeles Times
3434:: news040927–15.
3165:nsarchive.gwu.edu
3141:nsarchive.gwu.edu
3117:nsarchive.gwu.edu
2438:Amazon Rainforest
2230:COVID-19 pandemic
2205:Patricia Espinosa
2127:Frank Bainimarama
1608:emissions trading
1589:Marrakech Accords
1442:Annex I countries
1387:Subsidiary Bodies
1374:The first UNFCCC
1367:
1366:
157:Alternative name
100:
99:
16:(Redirected from
7408:
7376:
7375:
7364:
7363:
7352:
7351:
7341:
7340:
7339:
7304:Paleoclimatology
7121:
7120:
7110:
7109:
6871:Ecological grief
6854:Climate movement
6829:
6828:
6815:
6814:
6795:Plant-based diet
6686:Renewable energy
6564:
6563:
6551:
6550:
6386:Economic impacts
6308:Invasive species
6164:Coastal flooding
6114:
6113:
6101:
6100:
6037:Svante Arrhenius
6013:
6012:
5983:from agriculture
5973:Carbon footprint
5958:Greenhouse gases
5907:
5906:
5894:
5893:
5846:
5845:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5808:
5807:
5792:
5791:
5584:
5583:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5509:
5508:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5367:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5135:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4488:. Archived from
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4328:
4321:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4069:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4008:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3961:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3944:
3937:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3870:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3768:
3761:
3753:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3734:
3727:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3640:. UN.org. 2009.
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3607:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3580:. Archived from
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3469:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3404:. Nature. 2002.
3394:
3388:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3344:
3337:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3313:
3306:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3275:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3251:
3244:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2776:
2767:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2639:
2630:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2588:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2537:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2448:in the state of
2201:Sebastián Piñera
2194:
2193:
2093:developing world
1885:development and
1779:Bali Action Plan
1720:
1719:
1599:, South Africa.
1332:
1330:
1329:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1000:
998:
997:
963:
961:
960:
926:
924:
923:
889:
887:
886:
852:
850:
849:
815:
813:
812:
778:
776:
775:
741:
739:
738:
704:
702:
701:
667:
665:
664:
630:
628:
627:
593:
591:
590:
556:
554:
553:
520:
518:
517:
484:
482:
481:
448:
446:
445:
412:
410:
409:
376:
374:
373:
340:
338:
337:
304:
302:
301:
268:
266:
265:
232:
230:
229:
196:
194:
193:
166:Regional Groups
145:
144:
85:
83:
60:
53:
49:
47:
21:
7416:
7415:
7411:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7406:
7405:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7384:
7337:
7335:
7318:
7265:
7256:Orbital forcing
7150:
7115:
7096:
7070:Paris Agreement
7048:
7044:Warming stripes
6983:
6949:Managed retreat
6944:Loss and damage
6905:
6839:Business action
6823:
6801:
6778:
6701:
6695:
6652:
6613:Climate finance
6558:
6537:
6469:
6322:
6298:Extinction risk
6274:Flora and fauna
6269:
6230:Permafrost thaw
6225:Ozone depletion
6154:Extreme weather
6108:
6091:
6018:
5999:
5936:
5901:
5884:
5851:
5840:
5835:
5805:
5800:
5776:
5745:
5684:
5618:
5575:
5570:Paris Agreement
5546:Types of events
5541:
5536:
5506:
5505:
5496:
5494:
5488:
5484:
5475:
5473:
5471:www.barrons.com
5465:
5464:
5460:
5451:
5449:
5426:
5422:
5413:
5411:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5384:
5382:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5355:
5353:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5326:
5324:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5301:
5299:
5284:
5280:
5271:
5269:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5247:
5245:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5218:
5216:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5189:
5187:
5180:www.reuters.com
5174:
5173:
5169:
5160:
5158:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5129:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5110:
5106:
5097:
5095:
5080:
5076:
5067:
5065:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5038:
5036:
5021:
5017:
5008:
5006:
4996:
4992:
4983:
4981:
4963:
4959:
4950:
4948:
4938:
4934:
4925:
4923:
4905:
4901:
4892:
4890:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4863:
4861:
4852:
4851:
4847:
4838:
4836:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4813:
4811:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4784:
4782:
4759:
4755:
4746:
4744:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4717:
4715:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4688:
4686:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4659:
4657:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4620:
4616:
4607:
4605:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4578:
4576:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4547:
4545:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4518:
4516:
4501:
4497:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4470:
4468:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4441:
4439:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4412:
4410:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4383:
4381:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4358:
4356:
4345:
4341:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4301:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4276:
4274:
4267:"UNFCCC COP 22"
4265:
4264:
4260:
4251:
4249:
4234:
4230:
4221:
4219:
4212:"UNFCCC COP 24"
4210:
4209:
4202:
4193:
4191:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4168:
4166:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4144:
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4129:
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4115:
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4100:
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4084:
4071:
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4054:
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4017:
4006:
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4001:
3997:
3988:
3986:
3975:
3971:
3955:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3933:"Archived copy"
3931:
3930:
3926:
3917:
3915:
3897:
3893:
3884:
3882:
3871:
3864:
3855:
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3806:
3797:
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3781:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3747:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3728:. UNFCC. 2009.
3725:
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2826:
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2803:
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2798:
2789:
2787:
2784:Financial Times
2778:
2777:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2737:
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2732:
2723:
2721:
2708:
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2703:
2694:
2692:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2663:
2656:
2640:
2633:
2627:Wayback Machine
2618:
2614:
2605:
2603:
2596:Climate Leaders
2590:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2547:
2540:
2535:Politics portal
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2475:
2465:
2403:Helder Barbalho
2395:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2278:
2272:
2264:loss and damage
2260:Sharm El Sheikh
2256:
2250:
2219:
2213:
2191:
2189:
2179:
2173:
2165:
2149:
2143:
2131:UN Campus, Bonn
2119:
2111:UN Campus, Bonn
2105:
2077:
2071:
2062:Paris Agreement
2054:
2052:Paris Agreement
2046:Main articles:
2044:
2028:
2022:
2013:Loss and Damage
1994:
1988:
1949:
1943:
1920:legally binding
1905:
1899:
1859:
1853:
1821:
1815:
1797:
1791:
1763:
1757:
1741:
1735:
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1577:
1571:
1521:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1455:
1430:
1395:
1372:
1327:
1325:
1290:
1288:
1253:
1251:
1216:
1214:
1210:Sharm El Sheikh
1179:
1177:
1142:
1140:
1105:
1103:
1069:
1067:
1032:
1030:
995:
993:
958:
956:
921:
919:
884:
882:
847:
845:
810:
808:
773:
771:
736:
734:
699:
697:
662:
660:
625:
623:
588:
586:
551:
549:
515:
513:
479:
477:
443:
441:
407:
405:
371:
369:
335:
333:
299:
297:
263:
261:
227:
225:
191:
189:
143:
132:Durban platform
130:as part of the
128:Paris Agreement
81:
79:
70:
68:Paris Agreement
48:
32:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7414:
7404:
7403:
7386:
7385:
7383:
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7358:
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7331:
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7320:
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7317:
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7306:
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7299:
7289:
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7279:
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7267:
7266:
7264:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
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7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7222:
7221:
7211:
7209:Cloud feedback
7206:
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7189:
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7179:
7174:
7164:
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7101:
7098:
7097:
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7084:
7083:
7082:
7077:
7067:
7065:Kyoto Protocol
7062:
7056:
7054:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7019:
7017:Media coverage
7014:
7009:
7007:Climate spiral
7004:
6999:
6993:
6991:
6985:
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6976:
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6907:
6906:
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6898:
6896:Public opinion
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6851:
6846:
6844:Climate action
6841:
6835:
6833:
6825:
6824:
6811:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6799:
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6786:
6784:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6771:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6758:
6756:REDD and REDD+
6753:
6748:
6740:
6735:
6733:Carbon farming
6730:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6713:
6707:
6705:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6688:
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6666:
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6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
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6479:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6465:Water security
6462:
6460:Water scarcity
6457:
6455:Urban flooding
6452:
6447:
6442:
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6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
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6358:
6353:
6348:
6347:
6346:
6341:
6330:
6328:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6303:Forest dieback
6300:
6295:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6240:Sea level rise
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6213:stratification
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6156:
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6009:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5978:Carbon leakage
5975:
5970:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5919:
5917:Climate system
5913:
5911:
5903:
5902:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5842:
5841:
5838:Climate change
5834:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5811:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5626:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5590:
5588:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5566:
5563:Kyoto Protocol
5559:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5535:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5512:
5504:
5503:
5482:
5458:
5420:
5406:. 2022-11-18.
5391:
5377:. 2022-09-14.
5362:
5333:
5308:
5278:
5254:
5225:
5211:. 2022-11-16.
5196:
5182:. 2022-11-16.
5167:
5143:
5104:
5074:
5060:. 2022-11-08.
5045:
5015:
4990:
4957:
4932:
4899:
4870:
4845:
4820:
4791:
4753:
4739:. 2021-10-02.
4724:
4710:. 2021-11-13.
4695:
4666:
4637:
4614:
4585:
4554:
4525:
4495:
4492:on 2019-11-17.
4477:
4448:
4419:
4405:. 2022-08-02.
4390:
4365:
4339:
4308:
4283:
4258:
4228:
4200:
4175:
4151:
4122:
4093:
4079:. 2012-12-08.
4061:
4030:
3995:
3969:
3924:
3891:
3862:
3829:
3804:
3779:
3745:
3714:
3684:
3654:
3625:
3594:
3564:
3538:
3512:
3487:
3456:
3418:
3389:
3380:
3355:
3324:
3293:
3262:
3231:
3217:. Greens.org.
3201:
3187:. 2000-06-26.
3176:
3152:
3128:
3104:
3080:
3056:
3022:
2988:
2974:. 1996-09-01.
2972:Building Green
2959:
2943:Choose Climate
2930:
2914:Climate Change
2901:
2877:
2853:
2820:
2796:
2768:
2759:
2730:
2716:. 2012-12-27.
2701:
2687:. 2021-11-08.
2672:
2654:
2631:
2612:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2538:
2524:
2508:
2505:
2492:Also in 2022,
2483:Pacific island
2464:
2461:
2394:
2391:
2352:Czech Republic
2338:Main article:
2335:
2332:
2306:climate crisis
2274:Main article:
2271:
2268:
2252:Main article:
2249:
2246:
2215:Main article:
2212:
2209:
2183:Jair Bolsonaro
2175:Main article:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2145:Main article:
2142:
2139:
2115:Main article:
2104:
2101:
2089:sustainability
2085:water scarcity
2073:Main article:
2070:
2067:
2043:
2040:
2024:Main article:
2021:
2018:
2002:Kyoto Protocol
1990:Main article:
1987:
1984:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1945:Main article:
1942:
1939:
1935:global warming
1901:Main article:
1898:
1895:
1855:Main article:
1852:
1849:
1836:New York Times
1826:took place in
1817:Main article:
1814:
1811:
1793:Main article:
1790:
1787:
1759:Main article:
1756:
1753:
1737:Main article:
1734:
1731:
1689:Main article:
1686:
1683:
1670:Main article:
1667:
1664:
1648:Main article:
1645:
1642:
1629:Main article:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1573:Main article:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1543:(JI), and the
1529:Kyoto Protocol
1520:
1517:
1484:
1481:
1472:
1469:
1457:Main article:
1454:
1451:
1438:Kyoto Protocol
1429:
1426:
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1418:
1394:
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1371:
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1229:
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1199:
1196:
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1191:
1188:
1186:United Kingdom
1175:
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1167:
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838:
835:
830:
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719:
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712:
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708:
695:
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687:
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658:
653:
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621:
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584:
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439:
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367:
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331:
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142:
139:
120:Kyoto Protocol
116:climate change
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
76:
72:
71:
61:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7413:
7402:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7381:
7380:
7371:
7369:
7368:
7359:
7357:
7356:
7347:
7345:
7344:
7333:
7332:
7329:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7282:Climate model
7280:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7268:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
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7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7215:
7214:Cloud forcing
7212:
7210:
7207:
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7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7188:
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7180:
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7160:
7159:
7157:
7153:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7122:
7118:
7111:
7107:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7072:
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7068:
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7063:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7051:
7045:
7042:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6990:
6989:Communication
6986:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6969:Vulnerability
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6939:Flood control
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6912:
6908:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6816:
6812:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6781:
6775:
6772:
6769:
6766:
6762:
6761:reforestation
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6746:afforestation
6744:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6698:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6681:Nuclear power
6679:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6655:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6576:Carbon budget
6574:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6552:
6548:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
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6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6414:
6413:Mental health
6411:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6345:
6344:United States
6342:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
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6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
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6287:
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6272:
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6253:
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6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6198:deoxygenation
6196:
6194:
6193:acidification
6191:
6190:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6169:
6165:
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6111:
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6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6021:
6014:
6010:
5996:
5993:
5989:
5988:from wetlands
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5948:Deforestation
5946:
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5939:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
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5595:
5592:
5591:
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5582:
5578:
5571:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5558:
5555:(COP) of the
5554:
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4980:
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4968:
4961:
4947:
4943:
4936:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4888:
4884:
4883:www.cop28.com
4880:
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4529:
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4458:
4452:
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4423:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4354:
4350:
4343:
4325:
4318:
4312:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4248:on 2016-01-17
4247:
4243:
4239:
4232:
4218:on 2014-07-12
4217:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4111:
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4097:
4082:
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4068:
4066:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4016:
4012:
4005:
3999:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3965:
3959:
3941:
3934:
3928:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3900:Harvey, Fiona
3895:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3867:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3838:Harvey, Fiona
3833:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3794:on 2015-08-01
3793:
3789:
3783:
3765:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3731:
3724:
3718:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3688:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3611:
3604:
3598:
3584:on 2009-10-04
3583:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3473:
3466:
3460:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3384:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3341:
3334:
3328:
3310:
3303:
3297:
3279:
3272:
3266:
3248:
3241:
3235:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3036:Briefing Book
3033:
3026:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3002:Briefing Book
2999:
2992:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2763:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2661:
2657:
2655:9781108886246
2651:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2602:on 2009-03-27
2601:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2516:
2511:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Amazon region
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2426:Amazon states
2423:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2308:and condemns
2307:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2098:
2097:Peter Thomson
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1727:Stéphane Dion
1724:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1641:
1638:
1632:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
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1576:
1566:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1549:
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1526:
1516:
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1510:
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1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
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1478:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:Timothy Wirth
1400:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1345:
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1335:
1324:
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1300:
1298:
1287:
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1279:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:Africa Group
1226:
1224:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1176:
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1171:
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1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
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1139:
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1129:
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1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1102:
1100:
1097:
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1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:Africa Group
1005:
1003:
992:
990:
987:
984:
982:
979:
976:
973:
972:
968:
966:
955:
953:
950:
947:
945:
942:
939:
936:
935:
931:
929:
918:
916:
913:
910:
908:
905:
902:
899:
898:
894:
892:
881:
879:
876:
873:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
857:
855:
844:
842:
839:
836:
834:
831:
828:
825:
824:
821:Africa Group
820:
818:
807:
805:
802:
799:
797:
794:
791:
788:
787:
783:
781:
770:
768:
765:
762:
760:
757:
754:
751:
750:
746:
744:
733:
731:
728:
725:
723:
720:
717:
714:
713:
709:
707:
696:
694:
691:
688:
686:
683:
680:
677:
676:
672:
670:
659:
657:
654:
651:
649:
646:
643:
640:
639:
636:Africa Group
635:
633:
622:
620:
617:
614:
612:
609:
606:
603:
602:
598:
596:
585:
583:
580:
577:
575:
572:
569:
566:
565:
561:
559:
548:
546:
543:
541:
539:
536:
533:
530:
529:
525:
523:
512:
510:
507:
505:
503:
500:
497:
494:
493:
489:
487:
476:
474:
471:
469:
467:
464:
461:
458:
457:
454:Africa Group
453:
451:
440:
438:
435:
433:
431:
428:
425:
422:
421:
417:
415:
404:
402:
399:
397:
395:
392:
389:
386:
385:
381:
379:
368:
366:
363:
361:
359:
356:
353:
350:
349:
345:
343:
332:
330:
327:
325:
323:
320:
317:
314:
313:
309:
307:
296:
294:
291:
289:
287:
284:
281:
278:
277:
273:
271:
260:
258:
255:
253:
251:
248:
245:
242:
241:
237:
235:
224:
222:
219:
217:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
201:
199:
188:
186:
183:
181:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
138:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
96:
93:
89:
77:
73:
69:
65:
59:
54:
45:
41:
40:
39:Infobox event
36:
30:
19:
7377:
7365:
7353:
7334:
7167:Carbon cycle
7124:Measurements
6819:Society and
6703:carbon sinks
6608:Climate debt
6598:Carbon price
6420:Human rights
6245:Season creep
6203:heat content
6129:Anoxic event
6042:James Hansen
5793:
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3465:"UNFCCC.int"
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2604:. Retrieved
2600:the original
2595:
2586:
2549:World portal
2502:
2491:
2476:
2458:
2430:north region
2411:
2407:Mauro Vieira
2369:
2349:
2314:
2301:Laudate Deum
2299:
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2257:
2220:
2187:
2180:
2166:
2157:
2150:
2120:
2078:
2055:
2029:
2010:
1995:
1980:
1973:
1959:
1950:
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1911:was held in
1906:
1878:
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1700:
1694:
1675:
1653:
1634:
1601:
1597:Johannesburg
1585:Buenos Aires
1578:
1564:
1551:Carbon sinks
1522:
1501:
1486:
1474:
1465:Buenos Aires
1462:
1446:bunker fuels
1431:
1396:
1384:
1373:
948:CMP 11
911:CMP 10
817:South Africa
545:Buenos Aires
394:COP 6-2
293:Buenos Aires
231:
136:
103:
101:
91:Organized by
37:
29:
7194:Carbon sink
7172:atmospheric
7037:video games
6711:Blue carbon
6334:Agriculture
6313:Marine life
6260:Water cycle
6218:temperature
5953:Fossil fuel
5580:Conferences
4428:"Agreement"
4399:"Our Story"
3302:"Amendment"
2414:COP 27
2360:Rumen Radev
2316:Charles III
2281:COP 28
2222:COP 26
1909:COP 17
1824:COP 15
1800:COP 14
1350:COP 31
1313:COP 30
1276:COP 29
1239:COP 28
1202:COP 27
1165:COP 26
1128:COP 25
1055:COP 24
1018:COP 23
981:COP 22
944:COP 21
907:COP 20
874:CMP 9
870:COP 19
837:CMP 8
833:COP 18
800:CMP 7
796:COP 17
763:CMP 6
759:COP 16
726:CMP 5
722:COP 15
689:CMP 4
685:COP 14
652:CMP 3
648:COP 13
615:CMP 2
611:COP 12
578:CMP 1
574:COP 11
538:COP 10
378:Netherlands
234:Switzerland
33:‹ The
7226:Cryosphere
7187:permafrost
6959:Resilience
6911:Adaptation
6886:Litigation
6876:Governance
6821:adaptation
6603:Carbon tax
6556:Mitigation
6493:Antarctica
6381:Disability
5497:2024-01-06
5476:2023-12-04
5452:2023-08-14
5414:2023-08-14
5385:2022-10-04
5356:2022-10-04
5327:2023-12-12
5302:2023-05-26
5292:CNN Brasil
5272:2023-05-26
5248:2023-01-11
5219:2022-11-16
5190:2022-11-16
5161:2024-01-19
5123:2024-01-05
5098:2023-08-14
5068:2023-05-31
5039:2023-05-31
5009:2023-12-05
4984:2023-12-05
4951:2023-12-05
4926:2023-12-05
4893:2023-08-14
4864:2023-02-14
4839:2022-12-03
4814:2021-11-15
4785:2023-04-30
4747:2021-10-07
4718:2023-04-30
4689:2023-04-30
4660:2020-05-29
4608:2019-10-30
4598:unfccc.int
4579:2019-10-30
4548:2019-07-24
4540:. UNFCCC.
4519:2019-11-01
4471:2018-10-23
4442:2018-11-16
4413:2023-04-30
4384:2017-06-12
4359:2017-05-19
4333:2019-12-12
4302:2016-11-15
4277:2015-11-22
4252:2015-12-14
4222:2017-11-13
4194:2013-06-14
4169:2024-03-05
4164:unfccc.int
4145:2022-05-02
4116:2013-02-20
4087:2012-12-08
4055:2012-12-08
4024:2012-12-08
3989:2013-03-08
3949:2013-03-08
3918:2011-12-11
3910:. London.
3885:2011-12-11
3856:2011-12-11
3848:. London.
3823:2010-12-11
3798:2010-12-11
3773:2010-12-11
3739:2009-12-28
3708:2009-12-05
3678:2009-12-05
3648:2009-12-05
3619:2013-03-08
3588:2010-06-19
3558:2013-03-08
3532:2010-06-18
3506:2013-03-08
3481:2013-03-08
3450:2012-12-31
3412:2012-12-31
3374:2013-03-08
3349:2013-03-08
3318:2013-03-08
3287:2013-03-08
3256:2013-03-08
3225:2010-12-11
3195:2019-03-21
3170:2024-03-19
3146:2024-03-19
3122:2024-03-19
3098:2024-03-05
3074:2024-03-05
3069:unfccc.int
3050:2022-03-09
3016:2022-03-09
2982:2016-11-15
2953:2016-11-15
2924:2016-11-15
2895:2024-03-05
2871:2024-03-05
2847:2024-01-27
2814:2024-01-27
2809:unfccc.int
2790:2023-12-09
2753:2016-11-15
2724:2016-11-15
2695:2021-11-08
2666:2022-12-16
2606:2009-12-05
2578:References
2467:See also:
2379:Azerbaijan
2344:See also:
2294:issued an
2236:, and the
2155:, Poland.
1828:Copenhagen
1297:Azerbaijan
730:Copenhagen
502:COP 9
466:COP 8
430:COP 7
358:COP 6
322:COP 5
286:COP 4
250:COP 3
214:COP 2
178:COP 1
7241:Feedbacks
7012:Education
6513:Caribbean
6508:Australia
6435:Migration
6398:Fisheries
6339:Livestock
6265:Wildfires
6171:Heat wave
5442:0261-3077
5267:93.9 WTBX
4979:0261-3077
4921:0261-3077
4775:0362-4331
4568:France 24
2842:0261-3077
2479:Australia
2477:In 2022,
2324:Joe Biden
2081:Marrakech
1907:The 2011
1775:Indonesia
1637:New Delhi
1581:Marrakech
1505:Jan Pronk
1489:The Hague
989:Marrakech
669:Indonesia
558:Argentina
473:New Delhi
437:Marrakech
365:The Hague
306:Argentina
160:Location
42:is being
7395:Category
7367:Glossary
7355:Category
7177:biologic
6891:Politics
6783:Personal
6488:Americas
6351:Children
6117:Physical
5910:Overview
5850:Overview
5795:Category
5490:UNFCCC.
5446:Archived
5408:Archived
5379:Archived
5350:Archived
5296:Archived
5242:Archived
5213:Archived
5184:Archived
5132:cite web
5118:OC Media
5092:Archived
5062:Archived
5033:Archived
5004:POLITICO
4946:Fox News
4887:Archived
4858:Archived
4833:Archived
4808:Archived
4779:Archived
4741:Archived
4712:Archived
4708:BBC News
4683:Archived
4654:Archived
4632:Archived
4602:Archived
4573:Archived
4542:Archived
4513:Archived
4465:Archived
4457:"Vision"
4436:Archived
4407:Archived
4378:Archived
4353:Archived
4324:Archived
4296:Archived
4271:Archived
4269:. IISD.
4188:Archived
4139:Archived
4137:. 2022.
4110:Archived
4081:Archived
4077:BBC News
4049:Archived
4015:Archived
3983:Archived
3958:cite web
3940:Archived
3912:Archived
3879:Archived
3850:Archived
3817:Archived
3788:"COP 16"
3764:Archived
3730:Archived
3702:Archived
3672:Archived
3642:Archived
3610:Archived
3578:BBC News
3552:Archived
3526:Archived
3500:Archived
3472:Archived
3444:Archived
3406:Archived
3368:Archived
3340:Archived
3309:Archived
3278:Archived
3247:Archived
3219:Archived
3189:Archived
3044:Archived
3010:Archived
2976:Archived
2947:Archived
2945:. 2016.
2918:Archived
2916:. 2016.
2747:Archived
2745:. 2014.
2718:Archived
2689:Archived
2685:BBC News
2660:Archived
2623:Archived
2507:See also
2371:Bulgaria
2356:Bulgaria
2153:Katowice
1767:Nusa Dua
1697:Montreal
1614:binding;
1063:Katowice
582:Montreal
163:Country
86:–present
46:. ›
35:template
7182:oceanic
7032:fiction
6881:Justice
6832:Society
6440:Poverty
6149:Drought
6017:History
5941:Sources
5058:Reuters
5029:Reuters
4737:Reuters
3038:# 784.
3004:# 754.
2375:Armenia
2298:called
2292:Francis
2226:Glasgow
2123:Germany
1887:poverty
1832:Denmark
1745:Nairobi
1723:Expo 67
1712:rotocol
1338:GRULAC
1173:Glasgow
1112:Germany
1039:Germany
1002:Morocco
932:GRULAC
784:GRULAC
743:Denmark
619:Nairobi
562:GRULAC
450:Morocco
414:Germany
342:Germany
198:Germany
80: (
7162:Albedo
7155:Theory
6866:Denial
6657:Energy
6518:Europe
6498:Arctic
6483:Africa
6408:Health
6403:Gender
6356:Cities
6281:Biomes
6188:Oceans
6176:Marine
5899:Causes
5440:
4977:
4919:
4773:
4679:GOV.UK
4646:"HOME"
3432:Nature
2840:
2652:
2494:Turkey
2422:Brazil
2006:Warsaw
1863:Cancún
1804:Poznań
1399:Geneva
1380:Berlin
1334:Brazil
1331:
1294:
1257:
1220:
1183:
1146:
1136:Madrid
1109:
1076:Poland
1073:
1036:
999:
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962:
925:
891:Poland
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878:Warsaw
851:
814:
804:Durban
780:Mexico
777:
767:Cancún
740:
706:Poland
703:
693:Poznań
666:
629:
595:Canada
592:
555:
519:
483:
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411:
375:
339:
303:
267:
221:Geneva
195:
185:Berlin
7379:Index
7141:Proxy
6901:Women
6366:Crime
6293:Birds
6159:Flood
5750:2020s
5689:2010s
5623:2000s
5587:1990s
5572:(CMA)
5565:(CMP)
4327:(PDF)
4320:(PDF)
4018:(PDF)
4007:(PDF)
3943:(PDF)
3936:(PDF)
3767:(PDF)
3760:(PDF)
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3250:(PDF)
3243:(PDF)
2743:UNFCC
2446:Belém
2058:Paris
1952:Qatar
1769:, in
1660:Italy
1656:Milan
1434:Kyoto
1346:2026
1321:Belém
1309:2025
1272:2024
1247:Dubai
1235:2023
1223:Egypt
1198:2022
1190:WEOG
1161:2021
1149:Spain
1124:2019
1116:WEOG
1088:2019
1051:2018
1014:2017
977:2016
969:WEOG
952:Paris
940:2015
903:2014
866:2013
854:Qatar
829:2012
792:2011
755:2010
747:WEOG
718:2009
681:2008
644:2007
632:Kenya
607:2006
599:WEOG
570:2005
534:2004
522:Italy
509:Milan
498:2003
486:India
462:2002
426:2001
418:WEOG
390:2001
382:WEOG
354:2000
346:WEOG
318:1999
282:1998
270:Japan
257:Kyoto
246:1997
238:WEOG
210:1996
174:1995
154:Name
151:Year
6964:Risk
6503:Asia
6085:2024
6080:2023
6075:2022
6070:2021
6065:2020
6060:2019
5438:ISSN
5138:link
4975:ISSN
4917:ISSN
4771:ISSN
4403:PPCA
3964:link
2838:ISSN
2650:ISBN
2471:and
2450:Pará
2418:Lula
2383:Baku
2373:and
2350:The
2050:and
2032:Lima
1956:Doha
1771:Bali
1525:Bonn
1509:Bonn
1477:Bonn
1360:TBC
1357:TBC
1284:Baku
1099:Bonn
1092:SB50
1026:Bonn
928:Peru
915:Lima
841:Doha
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401:Bonn
329:Bonn
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