Victoria, Princess Royal

3088: 2928: 934: 1468: 3007: 530: 814: 2847: 2663: 2677: 1086: 683: 653:. For the first time Victoria met her future husband, and despite the age difference (she was 11 years old and he was 19) they got along very well. To promote the contact between the two, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert asked their daughter to guide Frederick through the exhibition, and during the visit the princess was able to converse in perfect German whereas the prince was able to say only a few words in English. The meeting was therefore a success, and years later Prince Frederick recalled the positive impression that Victoria made on him during this visit, with her mixture of innocence, intellectual curiosity and simplicity. 566: 2974: 2734: 2906: 2825: 1552: 51: 2937: 2693: 1947: 1743: 2670: 2263: 302: 2783: 2251: 2869: 2919: 3034: 2027: 1871:, provoking outrage in conservative German circles. Chancellor Bismarck criticised the project because the princess belonged to the family who was dethroned by Prussia with the annexation of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein in 1864. The Hohenzollerns considered Augusta Victoria unworthy to marry the second-in-line to the German Empire because her family lacked sufficient rank. After several months of negotiations, Victoria got what she wanted but soon became disappointed when she saw that her daughter-in-law did not have the liberal personality that she expected. 1013: 2123: 1856: 602: 6101: 432: 1785: 2714: 2649: 557:, an intimate of the royal couple, details the educational principles to be used with the little princess. The royal couple, however, had only a very vague idea of the proper educational development of a child. Queen Victoria, for example, believed that the fact that her baby sucked on bracelets was a sign of deficient education. According to Hannah Pakula, biographer of the future German empress, the first two governesses of the princess were therefore particularly well chosen. Experienced in dealing with children, 1314: 2588: 1325: 3117: 1097:, the crown prince publicly rejected an order issued by Bismarck on 1 June 1863 that allowed the Prussian authorities to prohibit the publication of a newspaper whose content was considered inappropriate. Enraged by the speech of his son, William I accused him of disobedience and threatened to suspend him from his military duties and even to exclude him from the succession to the throne. In conservative circles, which demanded exemplary punishment, few joined the voices of Prince 589:. Near the main building, Albert built for his children a Swiss-inspired cottage with a small kitchen and a carpentry workshop. In this building the royal children learned manual work and practical life. Prince Albert was very involved in the education of their offspring. He closely followed the progress of his children and gave some of their lessons himself as well as spending time playing with them. Victoria is described as having "idolised" her father and having inherited his 2087: 725:

sufficiently attractive. Nevertheless, from the first dinner with the prince it was clear to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert that the mutual liking of the two young people that had begun in 1851 was still vivid. In fact after only three days with the royal family Frederick asked Victoria's parents permission to marry their daughter. They were thrilled by the news but gave their approval on condition that the marriage should not take place before Victoria's 17th birthday.

862: 878:, a distant relative of the British and Prussian royal houses, brought a month of mourning in London, while in Berlin the mourning period lasted only one week. Victoria was bound to respect the period of mourning in use among the Hohenzollerns, but this earned her the criticism of her mother, who believed that, as a Princess Royal and daughter of the queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Victoria should follow the custom in use in England. 1143: 2441: 3187: 3144: 3061: 828:, and his mother, Princess Augusta. They summoned people who had been in court service for a long time and were much older than Victoria and Frederick. Prince Albert therefore asked the Hohenzollerns that his daughter could keep at least two ladies-in-waiting who were her age and of British origin. His request was not completely denied but, as a compromise, Victoria received two young ladies-in-waiting of German origin: Countesses 2213: 2114:, the empress dowager was able to finance the construction and expansion of her residence. With the completion of the works in 1894, she spent most of the year in the property with her younger daughters, and left only when she travelled abroad. Contrary to the desires of the emperor, who preferred that she leave Germany permanently, Empress Frederick formed her own court and maintained close relations with liberal circles. 2804: 1669:

attacking the anti-Semitic leaders and wrote, "Treitschke and his supporters are lunatics of the most dangerous sort". In another letter, Victoria suggested that Stoecker and his followers belonged in a lunatic asylum since so much of what he had to say reflected an unbalanced mind. In yet another letter, she wrote that she had become ashamed of her adopted country as Stoecker and Treitschke "behave

1196:(7–18 April 1864) that marked the defeat of Denmark by the Austro-Prussian coalition. Pleased with the German victory, Victoria expected the military success of her husband would encourage people to understand that she was the wife of the heir apparent. In a letter to Frederick, she complained of the constant criticism and being considered too British in Prussia and too Prussian in Great Britain. 1756:

was eight and were a matter of endurance for him. Over and over, the weeping prince was set on his horse and compelled to go through the paces. He fell off time after time but despite his tears was set on its back again. After weeks, he finally got it right and maintained his balance. William later wrote: "The torments inflicted on me, in this pony riding, must be attributed to my mother."

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unsuccessful because all the couple's correspondence had been taken to Windsor Castle the previous year. Several years later, William II stated that the purpose of this research was to find state documents. Currently, however, many historians (as Hannah Pakula and Franz Herre) suggest that what the emperor wanted was to recover documents that could threaten his reputation.

1419:. Jealous of the military success of the heir to the throne, Bismarck tried to undermine his prestige. The chancellor used the late arrival of the Third German Army to Paris to accuse the crown prince of trying to protect France under pressure from his mother and his wife. During an official dinner, Bismarck accused the queen and Victoria of being ardently 1233:, signed by the two winners on 14 August 1865, placed the former Danish provinces under Prussian-Austrian control and both countries occupied a part of the duchies. However, differences of opinion concerning the administration of the provinces quickly triggered a conflict between the former allies. On 9 June 1866, Prussia occupied 770:. During the involuntary stay of Prince William of Prussia in London in 1848 the Prince Consort tried to convince his Hohenzollern cousin of the need to transform Prussia into a constitutional monarchy following the British model. However, the future German emperor was not persuaded: he instead kept very conservative views. 713:. The purpose of his trip was to see the Princess Royal again, to ensure that she would be a suitable consort for him. In Berlin the response to this journey to Britain was far from positive. In fact many members of the Prussian court wanted to see the heir presumptive's son marry a Russian grand duchess. King 882:

Anglophobic circles of the Berlin court. For most of the 19th century, Russia and Britain were not just geopolitical rivals in Asia, but also ideological opponents as many in both nations believed autocratic Russia and democratic Britain were destined to battle each for world domination. In Prussia, the

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in an attempt to revive the nerves passing through the left arm to the neck and also to prevent his head tilting to one side. Victoria insisted that he become a good rider. The thought that he, as heir to the throne, should not be able to ride was intolerable to her. Riding lessons began when William

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since 1858, ascended the throne as King William I. Frederick was then the new crown prince of Prussia but his situation at court did not change much: his father refused to increase his allowance, and Crown Princess Victoria continued to contribute significantly to the family budget with her dowry and

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directed the nursery through which passed all royal children after Victoria's second year and diplomatically managed to soften the unrealistic demands of the royal couple. Sarah Anne Hildyard, the children's second governess, was a competent teacher who quickly developed a close relationship with her

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With peace restored in Germany, the crown prince frequently travelled abroad to represent the Berlin court. Victoria rarely accompanied her husband on the trips, mainly because they tried to keep their expenses to a minimum. In addition, the crown princess did not want to leave her children for long

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at 21 months on 18 June 1866, just a few days before the Battle of Königgrätz. The tragedy devastated the Crown Princess, who received no comfort from her mother or her in-laws. Queen Victoria, still mourning the loss of Prince Albert, did not understand her daughter's feelings and believed that the

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But these letters also show the will of Queen Victoria to dictate her daughter's every move. She demanded that Victoria appear equally loyal to her homeland and her new country. But this quickly became impossible, and the most insignificant events confronted the princess with insoluble problems. For

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Victoria and her husband, the latter wearing the uniform of a Prussian field marshal, attended a synagogue service in Berlin in 1880 to show support for the German Jews threatened by what Victoria called Treitschke's "disgraceful" attacks. In 1881, they attended a synagogue service in Wiesbaden "to

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The support of the British newspaper became a new source of problems for Frederick and Victoria. The article contained everyday details suggesting that Victoria revealed certain confidential information to the press. The authorities opened an investigation against her, and because of this pressure,

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In addition to their financial limitations, Frederick and Victoria faced more problems. As heir apparent, he could not travel outside Prussia without the king's permission. There was a rumour that this measure was intended to limit Victoria's travels to the United Kingdom. Upon his accession to the

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studied science and literature. Her school days, interrupted by three hours of recreation, began at 8:20 and finished at 18:00. Unlike her brother, whose curriculum was even more severe, Victoria was an excellent pupil who was always hungry for knowledge. However, she showed an obstinate character.

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felt so threatened by the prospect of Frederick becoming emperor and Victoria empress that he planned, were Frederick to ascend to the throne, to have the military stage a coup d'état in favor of his son Prince Wilhelm; to have Victoria expelled back to Britain and to have her executed if she ever

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With the outbreak of the Prussian constitutional conflict, the opposition between liberals and conservatives in Berlin reached its peak. Suspected of supporting parliamentarians against William I, the Crown Prince and his wife were subjected to harsh criticism. The trip that the couple made to the

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The question of where to hold the marriage ceremony raised the most criticism. To the Hohenzollerns, it seemed natural that the nuptials of the future Prussian king would be held in Berlin. However, Queen Victoria insisted that her eldest daughter must marry in her own country, and in the end, she

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Convinced that the marriage of a British princess to the second-in-line to the Prussian throne would be regarded as an honour by the Hohenzollerns, Prince Albert insisted that his daughter retain her title of Princess Royal after the wedding. However, owing to the very anti-British and pro-Russian

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Frederick III died about 11:00 on 15 June 1888. Once the emperor's death was announced, his son and successor William II ordered the occupation of the imperial residence by soldiers. The chambers of Frederick and Victoria were carefully checked for incriminating documents. However, the search was

1711:; and to have Germany launch a war to "take out" France, Austria, and Russia (the fact that Germany was allied to the last two did not matter to Waldersee). Only the fact that Frederick was already dying of cancer when he become emperor in 1888 kept Waldersee from going ahead with his plans for a 881:

Concerned about the effect of the continual maternal criticism on Victoria's psychological health, Baron von Stockmar asked Prince Albert to intervene and ask the queen to moderate her demands. However, the baron was unable to reduce the attacks that the princess suffered from the Russophilic and

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Precocious and intelligent, Victoria began to learn French at the age of 18 months, and to study German when aged four. She also learned Greek and Latin. From the age of six her curriculum included arithmetic, geography and history, and her father tutored her in politics and philosophy. She also

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The doctors tried to calm both Victoria and Frederick, affirming that their baby could recover fully from his injuries. Still, the couple chose not to inform the British court of Wilhelm's condition. However, over the weeks it became clear that the child's arm would not recover, and, after four

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Victoria's move to Berlin began a large correspondence between the princess and her parents. Each week, she sent a letter to her father that usually contained comments on German political events. The majority of these letters have been preserved and have become a valuable source for knowing the

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with the Prince Consort. Frederick was fascinated by the relationships among the members of the British royal family. In London, court life was not as rigid and conservative as in Berlin, and Queen Victoria and Prince Albert's relationship with their children was very different from William and

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If her sons were sources of great concern, Victoria's daughters rarely caused problems. The only exception was Charlotte, the eldest of the princesses. A girl with slow growth and a difficult education, she was regularly prone to fits of rage during her childhood. Growing up, her health became

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so that their children could grow up in an environment similar to that of Osborne House. However, Victoria's influence on her offspring had an important limitation: like all the Hohenzollerns, her sons received a military training from a very young age, and she feared that such education would

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activists: stripping Jews of their German citizenship. Both Stoecker and Treitschke were very popular and well respected men in Germany, and their anti-Semitic campaign attracted much support from the Prussian Army officer corps, university students, and the court, but Victoria was fearless in

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because of his military performance in the wars of the 1860s, Frederick did not receive the command of any troops after the Franco-Prussian War. In fact, the emperor did not trust his own son and tried to keep him away from state affairs because of his "too English" ideas. The crown prince was

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gave many powers to Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Less enthusiastic than her husband, Victoria saw the North German Confederation as an extension of the Prussian political system, which she hated. Nevertheless, she remained hopeful that the situation was temporary and that a united and liberal

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Victoria tried to convince her husband to accept his father's abdication. However, the prince did not agree with his wife and supported his father, saying that he would stand firm before the Landtag. For Frederick, the abdication of a monarch after a conflict with the parliament would create a

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denied the king the money needed for his plan of reorganisation of the army. William I considered the reform to be of paramount importance and decided to dissolve the parliament on 11 March 1862, reviving the Prussian constitutional conflict. In a fierce confrontation between the crown and the

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Eager to make his daughter the instrument of the liberalisation of Germany, Prince Albert took advantage of the two years of Victoria and Frederick's engagement to give the Princess Royal the most comprehensive training possible. Thus he taught himself history and modern European politics and

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Despite the familial relations of the Prince of Wales with Copenhagen, the British government refused to intervene in the war between the German Confederation and Denmark. That had a certain importance in the royal family, which was deeply divided by the conflict. In addition, many in Berlin

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on 22 September. Leader of the Conservative Party, the politician was willing to rule without a parliamentary majority and even without an authorised budget. The king was pleased with the situation, but his wife, the liberal Queen Augusta, and especially his son and daughter-in-law, harshly

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At the time of Frederick's second visit Victoria was 15 years old. A little shorter than her mother, the princess was 1.50 metres (4 feet 11 inches) tall and far from the ideal of beauty of the time. Queen Victoria was concerned that the Prussian prince would not find her daughter

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in September 1887, causing outrage in Berlin because, despite the continued deterioration in the emperor's health, the couple did not return to the capital. In early November, Frederick completely lost the use of speech, and German doctors were summoned by Victoria to San Remo for further

1776:, insist that the she was very affectionate with her children. According to him, she wanted her children to be like the idealised figure of her own father and tried, as best she could, to follow the educational precepts of Prince Albert. In 1863, Victoria and Frederick bought a cottage in 1376:

In Berlin, Victoria's situation remained difficult, and her relationship with Queen Augusta, who also had liberal ideas, continued to be tense. Any gesture from her was a pretext for the worst criticism from her mother-in-law; for example, Augusta disapproved when Victoria chose to use a

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campaign and wrote to Frederick to say she was happy that her daughter had married a man like him, who was prepared to stand up for the rights of the Jews. In both the Kronprinzenpalais and Neues Palais in Potsdam, the crown princely couple received many commoners, including some Jewish

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Victoria's eldest son went through various treatments to cure his atrophied arm. Strange methods, such as the so-called "animal baths" in which the arm was immersed in the entrails of recently dead rabbits, were performed with some regularity. In addition, William also underwent

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palace into something more English. The simple, unadorned English-style geometric garden designs favored by Victoria were out of favor with the Prussian court which favored the Italianate style, and which ferociously resisted Victoria's attempts to create English-style gardens.

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The correspondence between Victoria and her parents has been preserved almost completely: 3,777 letters from Queen Victoria to her eldest daughter and about 4,000 letters from the empress to her mother are preserved and catalogued. These give a detailed insight into life at the

1664:, leading to a quarter of a million Germans signing a petition asking the government to ban all Jewish immigration, forbid Jews from holding public office, to work as teachers, and from attending universities, which was a mere prelude to the ultimate goal of the 945:. The delivery was extremely complicated. The maid responsible for alerting doctors to the onset of contractions delayed giving notice. Moreover, the gynecologists hesitated to examine the princess, who was wearing only a flannel nightgown. The baby was 2013:

Victoria tried to use her new status to promote the marriage of her daughter Viktoria to Prince Alexander I of Bulgaria (abandoned since 1886). However, given the difficulties caused by the project, she advised her daughter to give up on the marriage.

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three boxes full of personal documents that they wanted to keep away from the eyes of Bismarck and the Hohenzollerns. Always eager to harm the crown prince, the imperial chancellor continued his intrigues against Victoria. With the help of Chamberlain

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and representative of a rival Prussian state, Victoria's position in the Berlin court was further weakened. The German public was of the opinion that the Crown Princess was responsible for encouraging the union between Denmark and the United Kingdom.

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to his nephew Frederick. The income of the second-in-line to the Prussian throne proved insufficient to cover a budget consistent with his position and that of his future wife. Throughout much of their marriage, Victoria relied on her own resources.

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This new conflict between father and son resulted in the emperor replacing the crown prince with Prince William at official ceremonies and major events. On several occasions, it was the grandson of William I who represented the Berlin court abroad.

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A keen amateur gardener, Victoria's attempts to import English-style gardens into Prussia prompted what became known as the "Anglo-Prussian garden war" as the court fought from 1858 onward against Victoria's attempts to change the gardens at the

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At 17 years old, Victoria had to perform many tedious official duties. Almost every evening, she had to appear at formal dinners, theatrical performances or public receptions. If foreign relatives of the Hohenzollerns were located in Berlin or

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For Victoria, her son's disability was a disgrace. Her letters and her diary show her grief for her son's arm and her guilt for having given birth to a disabled child. During a visit to her parents in 1860, she wrote about her eldest son:

1454:. However, Victoria was accused of performing tasks normally attributed to the queen, prompting the wrath of her in-laws. Finally, William I ordered her to stop that "theater of charity" and return to Berlin to represent the royal family. 1065:

served as a pretext for conservatives to accuse Frederick of abandoning his father in a time of great political tension. They also emphasised the fact that the crown prince travelled aboard a foreign vessel escorted by an English warship.

1963:, but the crown prince refused. Victoria supported her husband in his decision, which caused a serious argument with her son William, who shortly before had arrived in Italy and accused his mother of being happy with Frederick's disease. 1800:. Reputedly a liberal, Hinzpeter was in fact a staunch conservative who made William and Henry undergo a rigorous and puritanical upbringing, without praise or incentives. To complete their education, the princes were sent to a school in 2202:

might have pronounced that phrase, but a monarch of the 19th century ... My God, I think (...) Fritz's son and the grandson of my dear father took such a direction and also misunderstood the principles with which it is still possible to

2247:, who was making his final visit to his terminally ill sister in Kronberg on 23 February 1901. These letters were later edited by Ponsonby and put into context by his background commentary to form the book that was published in 1928. 1181:, the crown princess became involved in the aid of wounded soldiers. During the birthday celebrations of William I, Victoria, along with her husband, created a social fund for the families of soldiers killed or seriously injured. 1771:

speculated that Victoria, being unable to accept the illness of her child, distanced herself from her first-born, which made a great impact on the behaviour of the future William II. However, other authors, such as the historian

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After Frederick returned to Germany, he began a close correspondence with Victoria. Behind this nascent friendship was the desire of Queen Victoria and her husband to forge closer ties with Prussia. In a letter to her uncle King

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from Prussia, which is already calamitous, but has also had to use her dowry, which it should not be necessary. If they refuse the money to the poor Crown Prince for having a "rich wife", what they will get is impoverishing

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and some intellectual circles shared his views on the German Confederation. Hence Prince Albert gave his daughter a particularly difficult role, especially in the face of a critical and conservative Hohenzollern court.

1726:. She also supported education and was a member of the association founded by Wilhelm Adolf Lette in 1866, whose objective was to improve women's education. Beginning in 1877, Victoria founded schools for girls (the " 1287:

Shortly after the Prussian victory at Königgrätz, Bismarck asked the parliament for more money for the army, which raised a new controversy between the liberal parliamentarians. Frederick welcomed the creation of the

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In fact, Empress Frederick was completely sequestered from public life by Wilhelm II. With the death of her mother-in-law, Empress Dowager Augusta in 1890, Empress Frederick had hopes to succeed her as patron of the

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criticised the decision. However, Bismarck remained at the head of the Prussian government and subsequently of the German government until 1890 and was instrumental in the isolation of the crown prince and his wife.

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In Berlin, the agony of William I lasted several months until, on 9 March 1888, the first German emperor finally died. His son succeeded him as king of Prussia and German emperor under the name of Frederick III.

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appointed "Curator of the Royal Museums", a task that raised some enthusiasm in his wife. Following the advice of her father, Victoria had continued her intellectual formation after arriving in Germany: she read

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Once this condition was accepted the engagement of Victoria and Frederick was publicly announced on 17 May 1856. The immediate reaction in Great Britain was disapproval. The English public complained about the

1843:. This could explain the gastrointestinal problems, migraines and nervous crises that tormented the princess. The same historians believe that the headaches and skin rashes that Victoria treated with doses of 552:

Shortly after the birth of Victoria, Prince Albert wrote a memoir detailing the tasks and duties of all those involved with the royal children. Another 48-page document, written a year-and-a-half later by the

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the reactions to the announcement of the engagement were mixed: several members of the Hohenzollern family and conservatives opposed it and liberal circles welcomed the proposed union with the British crown.

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that broke out in Berlin in 1848 further strengthened the links between the two royal couples by requiring the heir presumptive to the Prussian throne to find shelter for three months in the British court.

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actually wrote to the princess many essays on events that occurred in Prussia. However, the Prince Consort overestimated the ability of the liberal reform movement in Germany at a time when only a small

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In 1887, the health of the 90-year-old William I declined rapidly, indicating that the succession was close. However, the crown prince was also ill. Increasingly sickly, Frederick was told that he had

7288: 7438: 1403:. As in previous conflicts against Denmark and Austria, Frederick participated actively in the fight against the French. At the head of the 3rd German army, he had a decisive role in the battles of 2164:(Association of Patriotic Women). However, it was her daughter-in-law, Empress Augusta Victoria, who assumed the presidency of these entities, which caused a deep bitterness in Empress Frederick. 8068: 1819:. Without having recovered from the death of Sigismund, the crown princess was devastated with the loss of another child especially since he died of the same disease that had taken her sister 455:. When she was born, the doctor exclaimed sadly: "Oh Madame, it's a girl!" The queen replied: "Never mind, next time it will be a prince!" As a daughter of the sovereign, Victoria was born a 3758:. An international convention finally recognised the union of the duchies to Denmark, but German states continued to claim the integration of the two provinces into the German Confederation. 6371:

for members of the British royal family. Where a princess may have been or is descended from George I more than once, her most senior descent, by which she bore or bears her title, is used.

1123:"It is hard to imagine a more challenging role than the crown prince and his wife, who are without a counsellor, between a coward monarch, an impetuous cabinet and an indignant population." 1040:

dangerous precedent and weaken his successors. The crown prince also judged that his support of his father's abdication in his favour would be a serious dereliction of his duties as a son.

2224:, where she regularly met with the painter Norbert Schrödl. In her last days, she used to walk in the morning and spent long hours writing letters or reading in the library of her castle. 7407: 2231:, forcing her to stay in bed for long periods. Cancer had spread to her spine by the autumn of 1900, and as she worried about her personal letters (in which she detailed her concern over 1613: 383:

Victoria was empress for only a few months, during which she had opportunity to influence the policy of the German Empire. Frederick III died in 1888 – 99 days after his accession – from

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Once widowed, Empress Frederick had to leave the Neues Palais in Potsdam because her son wanted to settle his residence there. Unable to settle in Sanssouci, she acquired a property in

633:, were among the personalities with whom Queen Victoria and Prince Albert were allies. The British sovereign also had regular epistolary contact with her cousin Augusta after 1846. The 832:

and Marie zu Lynar. However, Prince Albert did succeed in imposing Ernst Alfred Christian von Stockmar, the son of his friend Baron von Stockmar, as his daughter's private secretary.

8058: 910:, her protocolary duties widened. Sometimes she was forced to greet guests of the royal family at the station at 7:00 in the morning and be present at receptions past midnight. 656:

It was not only his encounter with little Victoria, however, that positively impressed Frederick during the four weeks of his English stay. The young Prussian prince shared his

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Shortly after this tragedy Frederick and Victoria, still in mourning, had to face the first major crisis of William I's reign, and they were not prepared to deal with it. The

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tended to see much in common with the ordered society of Imperial Russia, and disliked British democracy. She was often hurt by unkind comments from the Hohenzollern family.

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Victoria's entire correspondence, which she left to her youngest daughter Margaret, is preserved in the Archive of the House of Hesse, which is kept in Fasanerie Palace in

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on 13 August 1901. Her tomb has a recumbent marble effigy of herself on top. Her two sons who died in childhood, Sigismund and Waldemar, are buried in the same mausoleum.

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serve as an example for other German states. However, this letter increased the king's resentment of Albert and of Frederick and Victoria, who had the same liberal ideas.

747:. The newspaper also criticised the failure of King Frederick William IV to respect the political guarantees given to the population during the revolution of 1848. In the 743:

characterised the Hohenzollern as a "miserable dynasty" that pursued an inconsistent and unreliable foreign policy, with the maintenance of the throne depending solely on

5704:. Of course Victoria had died in 1901 and the arms had not been used by her since her marriage to Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, later German Emperor Friedrich III. 669:

the British sovereign conveyed the desire that the meeting between her daughter and the Prussian prince would lead to a closer relationship between the two young people.

1898:, the Austro-German-Russian alliance. The chancellor, in the meanwhile, gained the disapproval of William I to the union, much to the dismay of Victoria and Frederick. 8269: 7204: 1827:

just a few months earlier. Victoria, however, tried to keep her suffering secret because, except for her husband, no other family member was willing to comfort her.

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Naturally, Victoria was not immune to these criticisms from conservatives. In fact, many suspected that she was behind the words of the heir's speech in Danzig.

8104: 7257: 766:, had long supported the ‘Coburg plan’, i.e. the idea that a liberal Prussia could serve as an example for other German states and would be able to achieve the 8219: 7345: 2540: 7272: 1824: 1024:. Because of her very close relationship with her father, Victoria was devastated by the news. She went with her husband to England to attend the funeral. 937:

Prince Frederick William of Prussia with his wife and two older children, Prince William and Princess Charlotte. Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1862

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While her two eldest sons were approaching adulthood, Victoria suffered another blow with the death of her 11-year-old son, Waldemar, on 27 March 1879 of

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did not have the same powers as the British parliament. In addition, local sovereigns were more interested in maintaining their prerogatives, and the new

8339: 7544: 6712: 1998:. He also awarded the Order of the Black Eagle to various people who had supported and advised him when he was still crown prince, like Justice Minister 2134:, leaving the maternal residence. The following year, Princess Viktoria, after the ending of her hopes to wed the ruler of Bulgaria, in the end married 1681:

was beginning to debate the issue of Jewish disemancipation. Her mother, Queen Victoria, was proud of her daughter and son-in-law's efforts to stop the

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periods of time. After Sigismund's death, the royal family grew with the arrival of four new children between 1866 and 1872. While the elder children (

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Hagenhoff, M. Pelagia (1946) The Educational Philosophy of Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster, p.3, Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press,

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Willing to give their children the best education possible, Victoria and her husband entrusted this task to the bright, strict Calvinist philologist

1272:(3 July 1866) in which Crown Prince Frederick was instrumental, Austria suffered a heavy defeat and capitulated shortly afterward. Finally, with the 545:

at the age of 18, believed that she herself had not been sufficiently prepared for government affairs. For his part Prince Albert, born in the small

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With her style of Princess Royal, Victoria was granted use of the royal arms, as then used: with an escutcheon of the shield of Saxony, the whole

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Because the health of the crown prince did not improve, Mackenzie advised him to go to Italy to undergo treatment. Frederick and Victoria went to

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at 16 years old. The education received by the children did not allow them to have the open and liberal personalities that their parents wanted.

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loss of a child was much less severe than that of a husband. Queen Augusta demanded that her daughter-in-law quickly resume her official duties.

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would be administered by a joint Prussian-Austrian government. However, this new division became a source of conflict between Vienna and Berlin.

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when manifestations began of hatred against the Jews in Germany, especially in the early 1880s. In 1880–1881, there was a campaign waged by the

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The 'cloak-and-dagger operation', Ponsonby's position as her godson and the background to his decision to publish the letters are described in

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and also gave her an allowance of 8,000 pounds per year. Meanwhile, in Berlin, King Frederick William IV provided an annual allowance of 9,000

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months of doubts, Victoria decided to give the sad news to her parents. Fortunately for the princess, the birth of her second child, Princess

8334: 7197: 7090: 6687: 6471: 6299: 1878:

and her mother tried to obtain permission from the emperor for the engagement. Despite being a sovereign, the Bulgarian prince was born of a

5270: 1987:. However, after her return to Berlin, she realised that she and her husband in fact were really "shadows ready to be replaced by William". 1890:

was greatly disliked by Russia, a traditional ally of Prussia. Bismarck feared that marriage between a German princess and an enemy of Tsar

6840: 6341: 8234: 8224: 7788: 7026: 6670: 6628: 6517: 6399: 6275: 6269: 3066: 2593: 1385:

with two horses. The opposition between the two women grew so much that Queen Victoria had to intercede for her daughter with William I.

1333: 464: 217: 7479: 8249: 7495: 7056: 7032: 6945: 6893: 6633: 3516: 3122: 1874:

The crown princess, however, was not so lucky with the marriage plans for her daughter Viktoria. In 1881, she fell in love with Prince

1820: 1362: 1170:

suspected that the crown princess was unhappy over the Prussian military successes against the country of her sister-in-law Alexandra.

227: 7262: 8244: 8229: 7096: 6705: 6663: 3637: 3548: 2462: 2235:'s future under her son) falling into the hands of the emperor, she requested that the letters be brought back to Great Britain in a 1276:(23 August 1866), Vienna withdrew from the German Confederation, which was dissolved. Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Hesse-Kassel, the 1238: 788: 523: 412: 6979: 5539: 2150:. Although satisfied with these marriages, the empress dowager felt increasingly isolated following the departure of her daughters. 1296:. However, the confederation was far from adopting the liberal ideas of the crown prince. Despite being democratically elected, the 990:

To me it is obvious that a certain person is opposed to the financial independence of the princess ... not only has not received a

717:, who had allowed his nephew to marry a British princess, even had to keep his approval a secret because his own wife showed strong 7190: 6950: 6476: 6249: 5851:

An Uncommon Woman: The Empress Frederick, Daughter of Queen Victoria, Wife of the Crown Prince of Prussia, Mother of Kaiser Wilhelm

5582: 2927: 1831:

delicate, and in addition to her capricious personality, she also revealed an irritable character. Today, several historians (like

1673:

towards people of a different faith and another race who have become an integral part (and by no means the worst) of our nation!".

541:

The royal couple decided to give their children as complete an education as possible. Queen Victoria, who succeeded her uncle King

17: 5133: 8324: 8279: 8038: 7858: 7537: 7464: 7423: 7002: 6939: 6806: 6692: 6608: 6573: 5574: 5527: 5113: 3394: 3273: 3039: 2722: 1354: 960:, which deprived the future emperor of oxygen for eight to ten minutes and might have brought about other neurological problems. 212: 7469: 2073:

for publishing excerpts from the diary of Emperor Frederick. Finally, Heinrich von Friedberg was dismissed as Justice Minister.

407:, a castle, named in honour of her late husband. Increasingly isolated after the weddings of her younger daughters, she died of 8134: 7982: 7778: 7768: 7397: 6741: 6175: 5339:

L'Illustration horticole – journal spécial des serres et des jardins, vol. 41, Imprimerie et lithographie de F. et E. Gyselnyck

3368: 3332: 2991: 2702: 2167:

The empress dowager did not hesitate to harshly criticise the policies and behaviour of her son. When the emperor wrote in the

1868: 1297: 941:

A little over a year after her marriage, on 27 January 1859, Victoria gave birth to her first child, the future German Emperor

875: 507: 330: 280: 3754:

Between 1848 and 1850, Denmark and several German states, including Prussia, were at war for the possession of the Duchies of

2065:

was searched and the widow of Ernst von Stockmar, Empress Frederick's former private secretary, was questioned by the police.

1959:

examinations. Finally, he was diagnosed with a malignant tumour, for which the only possible treatment was the removal of his

1863:

As her children became adults, Victoria began to seek suitors for them. In 1878, Charlotte married her paternal second cousin

8239: 8094: 8008: 7748: 7428: 6927: 6563: 6491: 6486: 6075: 6059: 5923: 4692: 3610: 3246: 2240: 1482:

On 18 January 1871 (the anniversary of the accession of the Hohenzollern dynasty to the royalty in 1701), the princes of the

933: 614: 1686:

personalities, which inevitably led to the disapproval of the emperor and the court. Among their guests were the physicians

8319: 8184: 8179: 7878: 7803: 7402: 7376: 7350: 7319: 6921: 6558: 5322: 5319: 3051: 3024: 3012: 1864: 1093:

Frederick caused an incident when he openly criticised the policy of his father and Bismarck. During the official visit to

606: 519: 372:, based on the British model. Criticised for this attitude and for her English origins, Victoria suffered ostracism by the 207: 3800: 8344: 8309: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8109: 8063: 7293: 7267: 7050: 6698: 6650: 6537: 6440: 5283: 3669: 3305: 3161: 1430:, she had built a military hospital, running it regardless of costs, in addition to visiting the war-wounded soldiers in 558: 1990:

Gravely ill, Frederick III limited his political actions to some symbolic measures, such as declaring an amnesty to all

301: 8304: 8214: 8209: 7953: 7530: 6933: 6568: 6409: 2751: 2604: 610: 6197: 1467: 7590: 7355: 7314: 7121: 6450: 6435: 6096: 6040: 6022: 6003: 5976: 5957: 5942: 5917: 5880: 5860: 5836: 5820: 5801: 5771: 5757: 5730: 5499: 3204: 3006: 2488: 2143: 634: 581:

Queen Victoria and her husband wanted to remove their children from court life as much as possible, so they acquired

6967: 2470: 913:

Upon the arrival of Victoria in Berlin, King Frederick William IV gave to Frederick and his wife an old wing of the

8289: 8001: 7933: 7903: 7888: 7808: 7723: 7448: 6656: 6445: 6404: 6334: 6219: 3490: 3105: 2135: 2061:

In the following weeks, William II purged all institutions and people close to his parents. The home of the lawyer

1931: 353: 6961: 5368: 3736:

qualified the Prussian court as the center of breeding envy, jealousy, intrigue and pettiness. Pakula 1999, p. 90.

690:

Frederick had received a comprehensive education and in particular was formed by personalities such as the writer

8329: 8146: 8124: 8024: 7972: 7693: 7340: 6501: 5659: 2997: 2055: 1645:, whom she considered ridiculous and unfair. As for Frederick, he did not hesitate to make public appearances in 630: 515: 5557: 2160: 1867:, which delighted the Berlin court. Three years later, Victoria began negotiations to marry William to Princess 529: 360:, with whom she went on to have eight children. Victoria shared with Frederick her liberal views and hopes that 8259: 8114: 7923: 7309: 7044: 7038: 6863: 6644: 6638: 6522: 6414: 6115: 5786: 5235: 3574: 3177: 2466: 1416: 1062: 1001: 486:

in the Throne Room of Buckingham Palace on 10 February 1841 (on her parents' first wedding anniversary) by the

391:, who had much more conservative views than his parents. After her husband's death, she became widely known as 270: 2054:. From the death of her husband, she became known as Empress Frederick, as her mother-in-law, empress dowager 475:, a title sometimes conferred on the eldest daughter of the sovereign. To her family, she was known simply as 8119: 7918: 7580: 7335: 7067: 6973: 6579: 6532: 6496: 4635: 3733: 2630: 1350: 1048: 965: 825: 642: 357: 322: 163: 1373:) were raised personally by Victoria, which was a point of conflict with both her mother and mother-in-law. 813: 8299: 7913: 7433: 7061: 6242: 4186:

Wimmer, Clemens Alexander "Victoria, the Empress Gardener, or the Anglo-Prussian Garden War, 1858-88" from

3192: 3093: 2348: 1895: 1764:"He is really smart for his age...if only he didn't have that unfortunate arm, I would be so proud of him." 1404: 1370: 1358: 1150:

In the international arena, Bismarck tried to build German unity around Prussia. His plans were to end the

695: 237: 222: 1292:, which joined Prussia and some Germanic principalities, because he saw that it was the first step toward 8314: 8284: 8089: 8073: 7898: 7873: 7783: 7511: 7134: 6327: 4629: 2639: 2617: 2066: 1536: 917:. The building was in very bad condition, and it did not even contain a bathtub. The couple moved to the 5645: 2352: 8099: 7728: 7241: 6955: 6811: 6383: 2979: 2857: 2685: 1789: 1637: 1540: 1483: 1346: 1289: 646: 546: 499: 202: 6823:

Princesses whose titles were removed and eligible people who do not use the title are shown in italics

6092: 2130:

In October 1889, Princess Sophia, the empress dowager's penultimate daughter, married the future King

1158:

and impose Prussian hegemony in Germany. Faithful to his objectives, Bismarck involved Prussia in the

1085: 8294: 7908: 6586: 6466: 6360: 6281: 5109: 2898:

by a label argent of three points, the outer points bearing crosses gules, the central a rose gules.

2769: 2220:

Empress Frederick devoted part of her final years to painting and to visiting the artists' colony of

2147: 1752: 1301: 1269: 1098: 626: 565: 3857: 2874: 1495: 682: 8048: 7943: 7753: 6165: 2973: 2760: 2551:, 1990). While she is portrayed as a naive English princess in the Bismarck films, the German film 2451: 1976: 1887: 1569: 1551: 1318: 705:

In 1855 Prince Frederick made another trip to Great Britain and visited Victoria and her family in

487: 436: 65: 7073: 1000:

throne, King William I received a letter from Prince Albert in which he implicitly asked that the

952:

Finally, doctors managed to save both mother and child. The baby, however, suffered damage at the

8053: 7853: 7663: 7443: 6419: 6235: 2669: 2564: 2455: 2131: 1946: 1891: 1875: 1661: 1605: 1200: 369: 5950:

Victoria & Albert, Vicky & The Kaiser: ein Kapitel deutsch-englischer Familiengeschichte

2936: 1742: 7843: 7828: 7223: 6996: 6832: 6603: 6293: 6154: 5307: 3767:

For the political divisions of Victoria and Frederick, see Kollander 1995, pp. 16–17 and 79–88.

2905: 2813: 2262: 2250: 2051: 1999: 1847:

were also a consequence of porphyria, albeit in a weaker form than that suffered by Charlotte.

1777: 1281: 1273: 767: 452: 61: 5386: 2026: 1525:

Subsequently, the Catholic states of South Germany that were previously bound to Prussia by a

7773: 7619: 7553: 7213: 3169: 2895: 2792: 2718: 2662: 2374: 2139: 1883: 1808:, and his younger brother, who did not show the same intellectual interests, was sent to the 1797: 1687: 1189: 981:

With the death of King Frederick William IV on 2 January 1861, his brother, who had acted as

845: 699: 113: 5684: 5443: 5429: 3033: 1930:

With the agreement of his physicians, Frederick went with his wife to Great Britain for the

1447: 1166:

in 1864. However, the prime minister counteracted with the help of Austria in the conflict.

986:

allowance. In a letter to the Baron von Stockmar, Prince Albert commented on the situation:

8174: 8169: 7948: 7868: 7823: 7713: 7703: 6898: 6762: 6719: 6306: 5470: 5402: 4706:

Wilhelm von Kardorff – Ein nationaler Parlamentarier im Zeitalter Bismarcks und Wilhelms II

2698: 2530: 2323: 2199: 2062: 2003: 1995: 1809: 1703: 1625: 1589: 1511: 1499: 1491: 1435: 1400: 1249: 1174: 1173:

Despite criticism and distrust, Victoria supported German troops. Following the example of

1159: 1155: 1137: 1102: 1074: 829: 748: 714: 666: 622: 534: 503: 5764:

Le roi, l'empereur et le tsar – Les trois cousins qui ont entraîné le monde dans la guerre

5500:"Soberanas y princesas condecoradas con la Gran Cruz de San Carlos el 10 de Abril de 1865" 2918: 1650: 1592:

for some time. Despite the indignation of her mother, Victoria was also interested in the

1478:, 1885. Bismarck is at the center dressed in white. The crown prince is behind his father. 1012: 50: 8: 7893: 7863: 7798: 7793: 7758: 7743: 7718: 7708: 7673: 7614: 7566: 7173: 6789: 3165: 2852: 2788: 2370: 2188: 2111: 1991: 1879: 1723: 1394: 1265: 1261: 1224: 1115:

Severely criticised in Germany, the couple saw their behaviour praised in Great Britain.

1028: 949:, and the delayed delivery could have caused the death of both the princess and her son. 6100: 6052:... wie immer Deine Dona. Verlobung und Hochzeit des letzten deutschen Kaiserpaares 5342: 2122: 1855: 1193: 7738: 7639: 7605: 6028: 5614:[Portuguese Honours awarded to Princes of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]. 5561: 5448: 5407: 5353: 5141: 3755: 2738: 2654: 2545: 2507: 2381: 2266:

Monument to Victoria by Joseph Uphues, 1902, in Spa gardens in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe

2095: 1984: 1805: 1609: 1487: 1293: 1257: 1230: 798: 730: 691: 549:, had received a more careful education thanks to his uncle King Leopold I of Belgium. 511: 467:

from her birth until the birth of her younger brother Prince Albert Edward (later King

400: 146: 121: 117: 5964: 5697: 4747: 1832: 1408: 1016:

The Crown Princess of Prussia and her sisters in mourning for their father, March 1862

7838: 7833: 7813: 7653: 7644: 7629: 6778: 6071: 6055: 6036: 6033:

Dearest Vicky, Darling Fritz: Queen Victoria's Eldest Daughter and the German Emperor

6018: 5999: 5972: 5953: 5938: 5913: 5876: 5856: 5832: 5816: 5797: 5782: 5767: 5753: 5726: 5590: 4688: 3149: 2830: 2681: 2007: 1980: 1975:

Immediately after accession, Emperor Frederick III appointed his wife as Lady of the

1943:

and the painter Götz de Seckendorff, he tried to prepare a final report against her.

1612:

frequently and took keen interest in his astronomical work, and in the growth of the

1585: 1519: 1378: 1366: 1253: 1242: 1234: 1208: 1044: 918: 498:

was commissioned especially for the occasion of her christening. Her godparents were

444: 377: 232: 194: 96: 5910:

War der Kaiser an allem schuld – Wilhelm II. und die preußisch-deutschen Machteliten

1784: 1426:

Victoria's commitment to the wounded soldiers had no impact in the German press. In

1399:

On 19 July 1870 the Franco-Prussian War began, and it would lead to the fall of the

7848: 7688: 7668: 7163: 7014: 6783: 6618: 6350: 6183: 5905: 5891: 5718: 3865: 2834: 2316: 2236: 2195: 2179:" (The will of the king is the supreme law"), she indignantly wrote to her mother: 2155: 1940: 1920: 1916: 1804:

despite the opposition of the king and court. Finally, William was enrolled at the

1773: 1719: 1475: 884: 650: 460: 456: 384: 338: 318: 7522: 7182: 5423: 5134:"Her Imperial Majesty, The Empress Frederick, soon after Kaiser Frederick's death" 1718:

An art lover, Victoria appreciated and practised painting, receiving classes from

1699: 601: 7818: 7698: 7683: 7678: 7474: 7227: 6145: 6123: 5982: 5937:, Verlag für Kulturpolitik, Berlin 1929; new edition: H. Knaur Verlag, München, 5849: 5714: 5372: 5326: 2745: 2562:

Louisa Bay portrays an 8-to-12-year-old Princess Victoria in the third season of

2502: 2099: 2039: 1532: 1507: 1439: 1412: 1277: 1151: 953: 710: 431: 5488:(in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1898, p. 3 – via hathitrust.org 1248:

Considering the mobilisation illegal, Prussia proclaimed the dissolution of the

1128:

Victoria's personal secretary, Baron Ernst von Stockmar, resigned his position.

861: 836:

views of the Berlin court, the prince's decision only aggravated the situation.

8150: 7733: 7167: 6527: 6258: 6204: 6161: 3173: 2809: 2676: 2520: 2334: 2278: 2277:

Empress Frederick was buried next to her husband in the royal mausoleum of the

2043: 1935: 1835:, Martin Warren and David Hunt) defend the thesis that Charlotte suffered from 1691: 1657: 1642: 1597: 1581: 1573: 1503: 1229:

After the War of the Duchies, Germany experienced a short period of peace. The

1212: 957: 802: 744: 554: 491: 483: 472: 448: 420: 334: 326: 314: 290: 138: 41: 6015:

Queen Victoria – Ein biographisches Lesebuch aus ihren Briefen und Tagebüchern

1443: 8163: 7963: 7938: 7883: 7763: 7008: 6613: 3116: 2878: 2525: 2271: 2228: 2107: 2103: 1768: 1695: 1601: 1560: 1515: 1332:

During the Austro-Prussian War, Victoria and Frederick received a hard blow.

1185: 1106: 1021: 914: 586: 582: 408: 404: 365: 150: 125: 5986: 1518:. Frederick and Victoria became German crown prince and crown princess, and 1069:

Following the announcement of the engagement between Victoria's brother the

7600: 7561: 6736: 5365: 2911: 2416: 2312: 2086: 2070: 1632: 1324: 1313: 1078: 946: 922: 841: 824:

The Berlin court of the royal couple was chosen by Frederick's aunt, Queen

818: 775: 373: 7993: 2571:

Hallie Woodhall portrays a younger Princess Victoria in the second season.

1859:

Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, as a bride of Prince William, 1881

533:

Victoria with her father Prince Albert and his greyhound Eos. Portrait by

376:

and the Berlin court. This isolation increased after the rise to power of

7147: 5256: 2515: 1919:. To confirm his suspicions, Frederick was examined by British physician 1577: 1420: 1178: 734: 718: 2274:

on 5 August 1901, less than seven months after the death of her mother.

1237:, which was administered by Austria. In the meanwhile, Vienna asked the 1177:, who had helped to improve the medical care of British soldiers in the 7439:

Princess Alexandra Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

3817: 3134: 3078: 2992:

Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

2387: 2294: 2244: 2227:

In late 1898, physicians diagnosed the empress dowager with inoperable

1840: 1816: 1677:

demonstrate as clearly as we can what our convictions are" just as the

1527: 1337: 1070: 942: 657: 590: 542: 468: 388: 346: 342: 1882:, which placed him in a position of inferiority in front of the proud 1730:") directed by British teachers, in addition to nursing schools (the " 1142: 762: 313:(Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa; 21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was 7658: 7585: 6319: 4248:, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, n° 65, 1992, pp. 208–209. 2168: 2047: 1836: 1646: 1631:

Unlike many of their contemporaries, Victoria and Frederick rejected

1621: 1617: 1593: 1431: 1357:) were left in the care of governesses, the younger ones (Sigismund, 1204: 893: 739: 495: 337:

in 1841. As the eldest child of the British monarch, she was briefly

7408:

Princess Louise Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

5611: 3186: 3143: 2440: 641:

In 1851, William returned to London with his wife and two children (

6227: 5701: 5612:"Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos Príncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota" 2221: 2212: 1844: 1635:. In a letter to her mother, Victoria harshly criticised the essay 1628:, a place known for being a meeting point of Bismarck's opponents. 1382: 1245:

of the German states against Prussia, which took place on 14 June.

840:

prevailed. The wedding of Victoria and Frederick took place at the

706: 4649:

The Franco-Prussian War – The German Invasion of France, 1870-1871

2408:

double with flat petals and roses arranged around a single center.

7624: 7108:

Princess Teresa Cristina, Baroness Taxis of Bordogna and Valnigra

5118: 2405: 2300: 2282: 2232: 2035: 1955: 1910: 1580:

and frequented intellectual circles with her husband. The writer

1427: 1163: 1036:, the king considered setting a deadline for leaving the throne. 1033: 991: 907: 361: 265: 142: 6862: 5257:

Description in the Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia of Bivouac.com

3060: 1203:(signed on 30 October 1864), it was decided that the duchies of 1188:

and was part of the fighting under the command of Field Marshal

755: 7057:

Dorothea, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

5509:(in Spanish), National Digital Newspaper Library of Mexico: 347 3745:

For more details on this crisis, see Kollander 1995, pp. 25–45.

2172: 1960: 1924: 1801: 1707:

returned to Germany; to end universal manhood suffrage for the

1565: 1094: 982: 806: 6093:

Portraits of Victoria, Empress of Germany and Queen of Prussia

5829:

Kaiserin Friedrich – Victoria, eine Engländerin in Deutschland

5554:

Dreadnought: Britain, Germany, and the coming of the Great War

5354:

Kronprincessin Victoria von Preussen in: www.welt-der-rosen.de

5271:

Article on place names in the region of Jervis Inlet (archive)

7575: 5897:

Dreadnought: Britain, Germany and the Coming of the Great War

5723:

Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe

3081:

at 21 months; the first grandchild of Queen Victoria to die.

2419:

of type Bourbon created in 1888 by the rose breeders Vollert.

2327: 1624:

and encouraged her husband to frequent the salon of Countess

1451: 1192:. He distinguished himself with his courageous valour in the 794: 5969:

Kaiser, Hof und Staat – Wilhelm II. und die deutsche Politik

5700:. In 1917, the escutcheon was dropped by royal warrant from 2426:

is a variety of rose noisetee created in 1889 by Drögeüller.

2254:

Emperor Frederick III and Empress Victoria mausoleum at the

1850: 8069:

Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

6693:

Alexandra, Princess Arthur of Connaught and Duchess of Fife

5273:

on the official website of the Geographical Names of Canada

5112:, Prime Minister and Lord Privy Seal (8 August 1901). 2191: 2184: 2106:

in honour of her husband. Having inherited several million

1934:

in June 1887. On that trip, the couple secretly brought to

865:

Victoria, Princess Frederick William of Prussia, March 1859

5935:

Briefe der Kaiserin Friedrich. Eingeleitet von Wilhelm II.

2017: 1514:. Then they symbolically united their states within a new 5766:, Librairie Académique Perrin (French translation), 2008 5108: 2146:, who in 1918 was elected to the throne of the ephemeral 1656:

to disemancipate German Jews, led by the Lutheran Pastor

6956:

Louise, Princess Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry

4033:

Tetzeli von Rosador and Mersmann (ed.) 2001, pp. 103–106

1146:

The Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg in 1864

380:, one of her most staunch political opponents, in 1862. 6980:

Joséphine Caroline, Princess Karl Anton of Hohenzollern

4246:

Obstetrical Events That Shaped Western European History

2110:

after the death of the wealthy Maria de Brignole-Sale,

2090:

Friedrichshof, residence of Empress Victoria as a widow

1994:

and the dismissal of the reactionary Interior Minister

1043:

Finally, William I chose not to abdicate and appointed

471:) on 9 November 1841. On 19 January 1841, she was made 4742: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 2126:

Empress Frederick with her mother Queen Victoria, 1889

2069:, Frederick III's counsellor for years, was tried for 2050:, but attended a mass in memory of her husband at the 1411:(6 August 1870), and also had a notorious role in the 1061:

Mediterranean in October 1862 aboard Queen Victoria's

1007: 356:

environment, Victoria was married at the age of 17 to

7258:

Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

5320:

Information from the British Railway Steam Locomotive

1423:, an incident that was soon known by the newspapers. 8105:

Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern

5660:"Real orden de Damas Nobles de la Reina Maria Luisa" 2386:

was a British merchant ship that became part of the

2319:, Canada, was named in honour of the Princess Royal. 1462: 7552: 7212: 6713:

Princess Caroline Mathilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

6518:

Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

6013:Kurt Tetzeli von Rosador and Arndt Mersmann (ed.): 5685:

Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg

4729: 3110:(2), 19 November 1927, Alexander Zoubkov; no issue 2034:The funeral of Frederick III came shortly after in 1531:(Customs Union), were officially incorporated into 1105:, who believed that Frederick should be tried in a 341:until the birth of her younger brother, the future 7273:Margravine Elisabeth Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt 6482:Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh 6467:Charlotte, Princess Royal and Queen of Württemberg 5848: 4182: 4180: 2330:of Jervis Inlet also named after Victoria in 1860. 968:, on 24 July 1860, took place without difficulty. 443:Princess Victoria was born on 21 November 1840 at 3801:"Full text of "Letters of the Empress Frederick"" 2932:Monogram as Princess Royal of the United Kingdom 1702:. The reactionary and anti-Semitic Field Marshal 921:in November 1858. In summer, they resided at the 435:The Princess Royal as a young child. Portrait by 8270:Ladies of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert 8161: 6664:Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 6580:Princess Frederica, Baroness von Pawel-Rammingen 6564:Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein 3427:Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 2584: 8265:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (United Kingdom) 7398:Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein 7294:Landgravine Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt 7068:Nadezhda, Duchess Albrecht Eugen of Württemberg 6928:Helena, Princess Christian of Scheswig-Holstein 5998:. Marz: ustav Lübbe Verlag, Bergisch Gladbach. 5471:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Preußen 5465: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5421: 5384: 4923:John C. G. Röhl, Martin Warren and David Hunt: 4469: 4467: 4403: 4401: 4177: 3732:In a letter to her half-sister Queen Victoria, 782: 702:, he also received rigorous military training. 596: 7148:Princess Mafalda Cecilia, Mrs Marc Abousleiman 6747:Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy 6533:Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 5642:Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1873 5603: 5366:Kaiserin Friedrich in: www.ph-rose-gardens.com 2980:Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia 2301:Memorials, dedications, and in popular culture 2142:. Finally, in 1893, Princess Margaret married 1911:Agony of William I and Frederick III's disease 8220:Companions of the Order of the Crown of India 8009: 7929:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 7538: 7222:Generations indicate marriage to descendants 7198: 7091:Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood 6951:Amalie, Duchess Maximilian Emanuel in Bavaria 6916:Victoria, German Empress and Queen of Prussia 6848: 6688:Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood 6451:Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark and Norway 6335: 6243: 6027: 6017:, Munich, Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, 2001. 5713: 5415: 5378: 5046: 5044: 4953: 4951: 4190:, Volume 26, Issue # 2, Winter 1998 page 192. 4125: 4123: 3955:, New York: Vintage Books, 1998 pages 205-206 1865:Bernhard, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Meiningen 976: 756:Preparation for the role of Prussian princess 617:. Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1849. 411:in August 1901, less than 7 months after the 6946:Clotilde, Archduchess Joseph Karl of Austria 6864:Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by birth 6779:Princess Beatrice, Mrs Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi 5781:, Chronique ed. (French translation), 1998. 5750:Histoire de l'Empire des Habsbourg 1273-1918 5477: 5456: 5266: 5264: 4847: 4845: 4464: 4398: 4355: 4353: 3094:Viktoria, Princess Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe 1199:With the final victory over Denmark and the 971: 223:Viktoria, Princess Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe 8044:Anna Maria of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen 8023: 7168:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 7027:Alexandra, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 7021:Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia 6629:Alexandra, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 6624:Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia 6554:Victoria, Princess Royal and German Empress 6400:Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange 4708:, Berlin, Mittler & Sohn, 1936, p. 112. 4616: 4614: 4113: 4111: 4011: 4009: 3963: 3961: 2469:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2102:. There, she built a castle that was named 1737: 1328:Victoria - Crown Princess of Prussia, 1860s 1020:On 14 December 1861, Prince Albert died of 426: 27:German Empress and Queen of Prussia in 1888 8340:Recipients of the Order of Saint Catherine 8016: 8002: 7545: 7531: 7496:Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia 7205: 7191: 6997:Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife 6922:Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine 6855: 6841: 6657:Marie Louise, Princess Maximilian of Baden 6604:Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife 6559:Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine 6342: 6328: 6250: 6236: 6099: 5595:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5041: 4948: 4835: 4833: 4754:. Cambridge University Press. p. 198. 4325: 4323: 4321: 4302:Philippe Alexandre, Béatrix de l' Auloit: 4120: 3517:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 2030:Emperor Frederick III's funeral procession 1821:Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine 1101:, the king's younger brother, and General 672: 49: 8275:Ladies of Justice of the Order of St John 7315:Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 7097:Princess Sibylla, Duchess of Västerbotten 6706:Princess Sibylla, Duchess of Västerbotten 5873:Frederick III – Germany's Liberal Emperor 5870: 5791: 5261: 5236:"Archiv und Bibliothek des Hauses Hessen" 4842: 4350: 3638:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 3549:Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 2559:) tries to show her in a different light. 2489:Learn how and when to remove this message 1886:. In addition, Alexander's policy in his 1851:Matrimonial projects: sources of conflict 789:Wedding dress of Victoria, Princess Royal 524:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 7480:Princess Henriette of Schönaich-Carolath 7341:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 7289:Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick 5993: 5609: 5442: 5425:An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord ... 5401: 5388:An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord ... 5102: 4746: 4611: 4108: 4006: 3958: 3884: 3882: 2923:Lesser coat of arms of Empress Victoria 2914:as Princess Royal of the United Kingdom 2261: 2249: 2243:, the private secretary of her brother, 2211: 2207: 2121: 2085: 2025: 1945: 1854: 1783: 1741: 1616:. Eager to understand the principles of 1550: 1466: 1457: 1323: 1312: 1141: 1084: 1011: 932: 860: 812: 760:The Prince Consort, who was part of the 681: 600: 569:Queen Victoria with the Princess Royal, 564: 528: 510:(her paternal grandfather, for whom the 430: 352:Educated by her father in a politically 8255:Heirs presumptive to the British throne 7465:Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia 7424:Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 7263:Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 7003:Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom 6538:Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck 6477:Elizabeth, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg 6363:, who formalised the use of the titles 4830: 4318: 3395:Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 3274:Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 3207:, later Landgrave of Hesse; had 6 sons 3050:married, 24 May 1888, his first cousin 2843: 2042:, didn't appear at the ceremony in the 2018:Death of Frederick III and consequences 1546: 1055: 399:). The empress dowager then settled in 179: 14: 8162: 8135:Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein 7983:Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein 7346:Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 7336:Princess Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria 7310:Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 7033:Princess Beatrice, Duchess of Galliera 6974:Princess Henriette, Duchess of Vendôme 6940:Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg 6742:Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon 6634:Princess Beatrice, Duchess of Galliera 6574:Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg 6359:The generations indicate descent from 6349: 6176:Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein 6065: 5890: 5846: 5707: 5567: 5140:. barnardf.demon.co.uk. Archived from 4651:, London, Routledge 2001, pp. 432–456. 3590: 3470: 3466: 3456: 3369:Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 3348: 3333:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 3236: 3232: 3164:; had 3 sons; 3 daughters (including: 2430: 1950:Emperor William I's funeral procession 1869:Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein 1388: 1218: 1131: 851: 508:Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 331:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 281:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 8095:Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 8059:Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate 7997: 7526: 7475:Lady Brigid Katherine Rachel Guinness 7429:Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Oldenburg 7186: 6894:Princess Victoria, Duchess of Nemours 6836: 6784:Princess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank 6323: 6231: 5826: 5813:Die deutschen Kaiserinnen. 1871–1918. 5794:Bismarck – Urpreuße und Reichsgründer 5725:. London: Little, Brown. p. 34. 5520: 3879: 3850: 3667: 3657: 3653: 3641: 3635: 3625: 3611:Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 3608: 3598: 3594: 3578: 3572: 3562: 3546: 3536: 3532: 3520: 3514: 3504: 3488: 3478: 3474: 3450: 3440: 3424: 3414: 3410: 3398: 3392: 3382: 3366: 3356: 3352: 3336: 3330: 3320: 3303: 3293: 3289: 3277: 3271: 3261: 3247:Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 3244: 3240: 3222:Ancestors of Victoria, Princess Royal 1970: 1584:was a close friend of the couple and 1555:Portrait by Heinrich von Angeli, 1871 1502:) proclaimed William I as hereditary 1184:During the war, Frederick joined the 856: 447:, London. She was the first child of 8335:Deaths from breast cancer in Germany 7470:Princess Magdalena Reuss of Köstritz 7403:Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine 7377:Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau 7351:Princess Marianne of the Netherlands 7320:Princess Maria Anna of Hesse-Homburg 6962:Stéphanie, Crown Princess of Austria 6257: 6070:(Hardback). London: Atlantic Books. 5963: 5952:Hatje Verlag, Ostfildern-Ruit 1997. 5930:, London: Macmillan & Co., 1928. 5486:Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste 5288:Forest of Dean Local History Society 4306:, Robert Laffont, 2000, pp. 236–239. 3052:Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine 3025:Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen 3013:Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen 2467:adding citations to reliable sources 2434: 2038:, without major pomp. Victoria, now 698:. According to the tradition of the 661:Augusta's relationship with theirs. 520:Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester 208:Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen 183: 55:Photograph by T. H. Voigt, 1895–1896 8110:Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt 7434:Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen 7268:Princess Wilhelmina of Hesse-Kassel 7242:Princess Sophia Dorothea of Hanover 7135:Princess Kalina, Countess of Murany 7051:Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone 6699:Maud Carnegie, Countess of Southesk 6651:Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone 6420:Louise, Queen of Denmark and Norway 5698:Heraldica – British Royalty Cadency 5581:(in German), Berlin, 1895, p. 5528:"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste" 3858:"Barnard & Co. – The Lily font" 3670:Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf 3306:Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf 3162:Constantine I, King of the Hellenes 2994:; died 1921; had 6 sons; 1 daughter 2333:The Princess Royal Colliery in the 1600:and the ideas of British geologist 1522:was appointed imperial chancellor. 1008:Father's death and political crisis 928: 413:death of her mother, Queen Victoria 24: 8235:English people of Scottish descent 8225:Dames of the Order of Saint Isabel 7954:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 7039:Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden 6934:Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll 6639:Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden 6569:Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll 6054:. Isensee-Verlag, Oldenburg 2007, 5610:Bragança, Jose Vicente de (2014). 2752:Cross of Merit for Women and Girls 2605:Royal Order of Victoria and Albert 2076: 1927:did not find any sign of illness. 1839:as did her maternal ancestor King 1614:German Society for Ethical Culture 900: 25: 8356: 8250:German people of Scottish descent 7356:Princess Luise of Anhalt-Bernburg 6415:Mary, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel 6384:Sophia Dorothea, Queen in Prussia 6097:National Portrait Gallery, London 6086: 5688:(1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 136 5579:Königlich Preussische Ordensliste 5542:, 1877 – via hathitrust.org 5122:. United Kingdom: House of Lords. 3953:Anglomania A European Love Affair 3205:Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse 3170:Alexander I, King of the Hellenes 2355:, Hesse, named after the empress. 2216:Portrait by Norbert Schrödl, 1900 2144:Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse 1905: 1472:Proclamation of the German Empire 1463:Proclamation of the German Empire 8245:German people of English descent 8230:English people of German descent 7809:Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut 7724:Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy 7449:Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt 7382:Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg 7122:Marie Louise, Princess of Koháry 6220:Princess Louise, Duchess of Fife 5928:Letters of the Empress Frederick 5855:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 5691: 5677: 5652: 5634: 5546: 5492: 5436: 5395: 5359: 5347: 5331: 5313: 5301: 5276: 5250: 5228: 5219: 5210: 5201: 5192: 5183: 5174: 5165: 5156: 5126: 5093: 5084: 5075: 5066: 5057: 5032: 5023: 5014: 5005: 4996: 4987: 4978: 4969: 4960: 4939: 4930: 4917: 4908: 4899: 4890: 4881: 4872: 4863: 4854: 4821: 4812: 4803: 4794: 4785: 4776: 3778:Letters of the Empress Frederick 3770: 3491:George III of the United Kingdom 3185: 3142: 3115: 3106:Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe 3086: 3059: 3032: 3005: 2972: 2935: 2926: 2917: 2904: 2867: 2845: 2823: 2802: 2781: 2732: 2712: 2691: 2675: 2668: 2661: 2647: 2586: 2439: 2136:Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe 1932:Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria 1788:Victoria with her eldest child, 1239:Diet of the German Confederation 300: 8125:Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 7973:Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 7554:Queens and empresses of Germany 7214:Prussian princesses by marriage 6790:Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor 6502:Princess Caroline of Gloucester 6198:Charlotte, Queen of Württemberg 5996:Victoria – Kaiserin für 99 Tage 5933:Ponsonby, Sir Frederick (Ed.), 5831:. Stuttgart: Hohenheim Verlag. 5742: 5666:(in Spanish), 1887, p. 166 5225:Clay 2008, pp. 282 and 292–293. 5119:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5114:"Death of Her Imperial Majesty" 4860:Feuerstein-Praßer 2005, p. 138. 4767: 4758: 4720: 4711: 4698: 4681: 4672: 4663: 4654: 4641: 4623: 4602: 4593: 4584: 4575: 4566: 4557: 4548: 4539: 4530: 4521: 4512: 4503: 4494: 4485: 4476: 4455: 4446: 4437: 4428: 4419: 4410: 4389: 4380: 4371: 4362: 4341: 4332: 4309: 4296: 4287: 4278: 4269: 4260: 4251: 4238: 4229: 4220: 4211: 4202: 4193: 4168: 4159: 4150: 4141: 4132: 4099: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4063: 4054: 4045: 4036: 4027: 4018: 3997: 3988: 3979: 3970: 3945: 3936: 3927: 3918: 3909: 3761: 3748: 3739: 3726: 3166:George II, King of the Hellenes 3104:married (1), 19 November 1890, 2998:Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz 2990:married (1), 27 February 1881, 2618:Companion of the Crown of India 2553:Vicky – die vergessene Kaiserin 2394: 2081: 1746:The Crown Prince's family, 1875 1734:") based on the English model. 1089:Portrait by Albert Gräfle, 1863 631:Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 516:Prince Augustus, Duke of Sussex 387:and was succeeded by their son 175: 8325:Daughters of empresses regnant 8280:Members of the Royal Red Cross 8130:Victoria of the United Kingdom 8115:Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 7978:Victoria of the United Kingdom 7924:Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick 6523:Princess Elizabeth of Clarence 6116:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 5452:. 27 March 1896. p. 1960. 5411:. 4 January 1878. p. 114. 3900: 3891: 3841: 3832: 3823: 3811: 3793: 3575:Victoria of the United Kingdom 3193:Margaret, Landgravine of Hesse 3178:Helen, Queen Mother of Romania 2390:during the American civil war. 2058:, was still alive until 1890. 1894:would represent a blow to the 1732:Victoriahaus zur Krankenpflege 1608:reported that she visited the 1415:(1 September 1870) during the 1336:, their fourth child, died of 1317:Victoria in 1867, portrait by 1308: 1077:, daughter of the future King 848:in London on 25 January 1858. 325:. She was the eldest child of 238:Margaret, Landgravine of Hesse 13: 1: 8120:Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria 7919:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg 6968:Clémentine, Princess Napoléon 6497:Princess Sophia of Gloucester 6436:Augusta, Duchess of Brunswick 5875:. Westport: Greenwood Press. 4782:Röhl & Cole 1994, p. 201. 4764:Röhl & Cole 1994, p. 199. 4636:Deutsches Historisches Museum 4395:Sinclair 1987, p. 97 and 101. 3787: 3734:Princess Feodora of Leiningen 3150:Sophia, Queen of the Hellenes 2631:Member of the Royal Red Cross 1049:Minister President of Prussia 677: 570: 323:Frederick III, German Emperor 256:Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa 233:Sophia, Queen of the Hellenes 164:Frederick III, German Emperor 8240:Empresses consort of Germany 7914:Claudia Felicitas of Austria 7158:* also a princess of Belgium 7062:Princess Eudoxia of Bulgaria 6170:9 March 1888 – 15 June 1888 5912:, Berlin, Ullstein ed, 2005 5871:Kollander, Patricia (1995). 5815:Piper Verlag, München 2005. 4927:, London, Bantam Press 1999. 4235:Clay 2008, pp. 19-20 and 26. 4208:Herre 2006, p. 54 and 61–62. 3184: 3141: 3114: 3085: 3058: 3031: 3004: 2971: 2814:Grand Cross of St. Catherine 2657:: Cross of Merit for 1870/71 2359: 2349:Kaiserin-Friedrich-Gymnasium 2305: 2270:The empress dowager died in 2161:Vaterländischer Frauenverein 1896:League of the Three Emperors 1486:and those of South Germany ( 783:Domestic issues and marriage 696:Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann 597:First meeting with Frederick 526:(her maternal grandmother). 7: 8320:Daughters of queens regnant 8185:20th-century British people 8180:19th-century British people 8090:Sophia Charlotte of Hanover 8074:Sophia Charlotte of Hanover 7899:Maria Leopoldine of Austria 7874:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 7784:Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg 7512:Princess Sophie of Isenburg 7172:*** also a princess of the 6807:Princess Charlotte of Wales 5971:(in German). Munich: Beck. 5171:Sinclair 1987, pp. 330–331. 4750:; Cole, Terence F. (1994). 4545:Engelberg 1985, pp. 623-636 4491:Sinclair 1987, pp. 139–140. 4473:Engelberg 1985, pp. 553-554 4347:Sinclair 1987, pp. 107–108. 4199:Pakula 1999, p. 99 and 130. 3213: 3067:Prince Sigismund of Prussia 3023:married, 18 February 1878, 2951: 2941:Monogram as German Empress 2793:Order of Queen Saint Isabel 2640:Lady of Justice of St. John 2341: 2288: 2138:, the future regent of the 2117: 2067:Friedrich Heinrich Geffcken 1264:, effectively starting the 801:allotted the sum of 40,000 797:of the Princess Royal, the 686:The Princess Royal, c. 1855 358:Prince Frederick of Prussia 349:, the last German Emperor. 10: 8361: 8345:Mothers of German emperors 8310:Children of Queen Victoria 8205:20th-century German people 8200:19th-century German people 8195:20th-century British women 8190:19th-century British women 8100:Sophia Dorothea of Hanover 8064:Louise Henriette of Nassau 7729:Constance, Queen of Sicily 7074:Marie-José, Queen of Italy 6899:Carlota, Empress of Mexico 6812:Princess Lilibet of Sussex 6720:Frederica, Queen of Greece 5948:Wilfried Rogasch (Hrsg.): 5792:Engelberg, Ernest (1985). 5777:Christopher Dobson (ed.): 5644:. Heinrich. 1873. p. 5585:– via hathitrust.org 5238:. Museum Schloss Fasanerie 4914:Sinclair 1987, pp. 264-265 4896:Mommsen 2005, pp. 353–361. 4482:Dobson (ed.) 1998, p. 431. 4434:Kollander 1995, pp. 38–42. 4416:Sinclair 1987, pp. 120–127 3847:Dobson (ed.) 1998, p. 400. 3838:Dobson (ed.) 1998, p. 406. 3829:Dobson (ed.) 1998, p. 405. 3584: 3468: 3342: 3234: 3203:married, 25 January 1893, 3174:Paul, King of the Hellenes 3160:married, 27 October 1889, 3123:Prince Waldemar of Prussia 2858:Order of Queen Maria Luisa 2770:Red Cross Medal, 1st Class 2723:Grand Cross of St. Charles 2686:Saxe-Ernestine House Order 2577: 2177:Suprema lex regis voluntas 1728:Victoriaschule für Mädchen 1638:Das Judenthum in der Musik 1588:was appointed Frederick's 1484:North German Confederation 1392: 1305:Germany could be created. 1290:North German Confederation 1222: 1135: 977:Early issues and struggles 874:example, the death of the 786: 605:Victoria with her sisters 547:Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 500:Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen 329:of the United Kingdom and 203:Wilhelm II, German Emperor 8305:Queens consort of Prussia 8215:20th-century German women 8210:19th-century German women 8143: 8082: 8031: 7962: 7909:Margaret Theresa of Spain 7638: 7599: 7560: 7504: 7488: 7457: 7416: 7390: 7364: 7328: 7302: 7281: 7250: 7234: 7220: 7155: 7142: 7129: 7116: 7083: 6989: 6908: 6886: 6870: 6820: 6799: 6771: 6755: 6729: 6680: 6596: 6587:Princess Marie of Hanover 6546: 6510: 6459: 6428: 6392: 6376: 6357: 6265: 6211: 6202: 6189: 6182: 6172: 6159: 6151: 6144: 6111:Victoria, Princess Royal 6109: 5994:Sinclair, Andrew (1987). 5900:. New York: Random House. 5811:Karin Feuerstein-Praßer: 5564:, popular history; p. 41. 5391:J. Whitaker. p. 112. 5337:Charles-Antoine Lemaire: 5284:"Princess Royal Colliery" 5110:The Marquess of Salisbury 5081:Pakula 1999, pp. 520–537. 5072:Pakula 1999, pp. 514–515. 4957:Pakula 1999, pp. 443–451. 4634:in: virtual museum LeMo ( 4599:Pakula 1999, pp. 220–221. 4425:Pakula 1999, pp. 188–191. 4217:Pakula 1999, pp. 115–118. 4174:Pakula 1999, pp. 133–134. 4165:Pakula 1999, pp. 113–114. 4138:Sinclair 1987, pp. 51–58. 3818:Queen Victoria's Journals 3655: 3647: 3619: 3596: 3592: 3556: 3534: 3526: 3498: 3476: 3472: 3434: 3412: 3404: 3376: 3354: 3350: 3314: 3291: 3283: 3255: 3238: 2879:Dame of the Order of Olga 2514:Other portrayals include 2373:locomotive, built by the 2371:GWR 3031 (Achilles) Class 1381:instead of a traditional 1302:North German Constitution 1284:were annexed by Prussia. 972:Crown Princess of Prussia 733:'s neutrality during the 649:) on the occasion of the 296: 286: 276: 264: 255: 250: 246: 193: 157: 131: 103: 83: 79: 71: 60: 48: 39: 34: 8147:Electress of Brandenburg 8049:Marie Eleonore of Cleves 7944:Maria Josepha of Bavaria 7754:Isabella II of Jerusalem 7372:Victoria, Princess Royal 6671:Princess Olga of Hanover 6166:Queen consort of Prussia 5532:Preussische Ordens-Liste 5484:"Goldener Löwen-orden", 5474:(1886–87), Genealogy p.1 5422:Joseph Whitaker (1897). 5385:Joseph Whitaker (1894). 5371:27 February 2001 at the 5207:Herre 2006, pp. 306–308. 5052:Guillaume II (1859–1941) 4936:Pakula 1999, pp. 399-400 4905:Pakula 1999, pp. 406–407 4878:Herre 2006, pp. 157–158. 4809:Herre 2006, pp. 192–193. 4752:The Kaiser and His Court 4704:Siegfried von Kardorff: 4620:Herre 2006, pp. 173–174. 4581:Pakula 1999, pp. 248–251 4338:Pakula 1999, pp. 168-169 4078:Kollander 1995, pp. 7–8. 3976:Sinclair 1987, pp. 35–36 3719: 3453:Victoria, Princess Royal 3108:; he died 1916; no issue 2947: 2353:Bad Homburg vor der Höhe 2337:was named in her honour. 2239:operation by her godson 1977:Order of the Black Eagle 1888:Principality of Bulgaria 1781:undermine their values. 1738:Mother of a large family 1604:. The German astronomer 1319:Franz Xaver Winterhalter 488:Archbishop of Canterbury 437:Franz Xaver Winterhalter 427:Early life and education 345:. She was the mother of 311:Victoria, Princess Royal 66:Queen consort of Prussia 18:Victoria, German Empress 8290:People from Westminster 8025:Prussian royal consorts 7854:Elizabeth of Luxembourg 7664:Cunigunde of Luxembourg 7444:Ina Marie von Bassewitz 7103:Princess Maria Karoline 7015:Marie, Queen of Romania 6619:Marie, Queen of Romania 6472:Princess Augusta Sophia 5924:Ponsonby, Sir Frederick 5847:Pakula, Hannah (1995). 4966:Clay 2008, pp. 142–146. 4631:Die Reichsgründung 1871 4461:Herre 2006, p. 106–107. 4407:Engelberg 1985, p. 532. 4156:Pakula 1999, p. 106 ff. 4096:Pakula 1999, pp. 58–61. 3933:Pakula 1999, pp. 20–22. 3906:Pakula 1999, pp. 16–21. 3040:Prince Henry of Prussia 2889: 2761:Dame of the Black Eagle 2703:Dame of the Golden Lion 2413:Kronprinzessin Viktoria 2132:Constantine I of Greece 1892:Alexander III of Russia 1876:Alexander I of Bulgaria 1823:and her niece Princess 1662:Heinrich von Treitschke 1620:, she read the work of 1606:Wilhelm Julius Foerster 1539:(26 February 1871) and 673:Engagement and marriage 629:and his wife, Princess 518:(her great-uncle), the 459:. In addition, she was 423:between 1858 and 1900. 370:constitutional monarchy 8330:Prussian queen mothers 7844:Elisabeth of Nuremberg 7829:Elizabeth of Pomerania 7789:Elisabeth of Carinthia 6162:German Empress consort 6155:Augusta of Saxe-Weimar 5796:. Berlin: Siedler ed. 5664:Guía Oficial de España 5063:Sinclair 1987, p. 307. 5054:, Perrin, 1999, p. 21. 4984:Sinclair 1987, p. 285. 4536:Bérenger, pp. 628–639. 4527:Bérenger, pp. 624–627. 4509:Sinclair 1987, p. 138. 4443:Kollander 1995, p. 42. 4377:Sinclair 1987, p. 110. 4368:Kollander 1995, p. 35. 4293:Herre 2006, pp. 74–75. 4147:Pakula 1999, p. 96 ff. 4060:Pakula 1999, pp. 26-27 3985:Herre 2006, pp. 32–33. 3888:Pakula 1999, pp. 11-13 2996:(2), 9 November 1922, 2351:, secondary school in 2311:The Mount Victoria in 2267: 2259: 2217: 2205: 2127: 2091: 2052:Bornstedt Crown Estate 2031: 2000:Heinrich von Friedberg 1951: 1860: 1793: 1766: 1747: 1641:(Judaism in Music) by 1556: 1479: 1329: 1321: 1282:Free City of Frankfurt 1147: 1125: 1090: 1017: 997: 938: 866: 830:Walburga von Hohenthal 821: 817:Victoria's wedding by 768:Unification of Germany 687: 618: 574: 538: 440: 75:9 March – 15 June 1888 62:German Empress consort 8260:House of Hohenzollern 7774:Gertrude of Hohenberg 7620:Matilda of Ringelheim 7009:Maud, Queen of Norway 6614:Maud, Queen of Norway 6035:. Sutton Publishing. 5827:Herre, Franz (2006). 5575:"Rote Kreuz-Medaille" 5556:(Random House, 1991) 5428:J. Whitaker. p. 4129:Kollander 1995, p. 9. 4069:Kollander 1995, p. 6. 4003:Kollander 1995, p. 5. 3942:Herre 2006, p. 25 ff. 3915:Sinclair 1987, p. 26. 2684:: Grand Cross of the 2557:The Forgotten Empress 2375:Great Western Railway 2265: 2253: 2215: 2208:Later years and death 2181: 2140:Principality of Lippe 2125: 2089: 2029: 1949: 1884:House of Hohenzollern 1858: 1798:Georg Ernst Hinzpeter 1787: 1762: 1753:electroshock sessions 1745: 1688:Hermann von Helmholtz 1554: 1470: 1458:German Crown Princess 1327: 1316: 1190:Friedrich von Wrangel 1145: 1121: 1088: 1015: 1002:Prussian constitution 988: 936: 864: 816: 700:House of Hohenzollern 685: 604: 568: 532: 522:(her great-aunt) and 463:to the throne of the 434: 271:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 114:Schloss Friedrichshof 7949:Maria Luisa of Spain 7869:Isabella of Portugal 7824:Anna von Schweidnitz 7779:Isabella of Burgundy 7769:Elisabeth of Bavaria 7714:Gertrude of Sulzbach 7704:Richenza of Northeim 7045:Lady Patricia Ramsay 6763:Anne, Princess Royal 6645:Lady Patricia Ramsay 6121:Cadet branch of the 6066:Wilson, A.N (2014). 5779:Chronicle of England 5325:6 March 2016 at the 5189:Pakula 1999, p. 569. 5090:Pakula 1999, p. 542. 5038:Pakula 1999, p. 494. 5011:Pakula 1999, p. 489. 5002:Pakula 1999, p. 481. 4887:Pakula 1999, p. 391. 4869:Mommsen 2005, p. 14. 4818:Pakula 1999, p. 123. 4791:Pakula 1999, p. 345. 4726:Pakula 1999, p. 429. 4717:Pakula 1999, p. 428. 4608:Pakula 1999, p. 271. 4590:Pakula 1999, p. 274. 4563:Pakula 1999, p. 260. 4518:Pakula 1999, p. 218. 4500:Pakula 1999, p. 219. 4452:Pakula 1999, p. 191. 4386:Pakula 1999, p. 181. 4359:Pakula 1999, p. 169. 4284:Pakula 1999, p. 147. 4275:Pakula 1999, p. 148. 4266:Pakula 1999, p. 149. 4257:Pakula 1999, p. 132. 2837:, with Grand Cross, 2699:Grand Duchy of Hesse 2534:, 1940), as well as 2463:improve this section 2324:Princess Royal Reach 2063:Franz von Roggenbach 2004:Frankfurt Parliament 1996:Robert von Puttkamer 1704:Alfred von Waldersee 1698:, and the historian 1626:Marie von Schleinitz 1559:Despite being named 1547:Enlightened princess 1512:Palace of Versailles 1407:(4 August 1870) and 1401:Second French Empire 1270:Battle of Königgrätz 1250:German Confederation 1243:general mobilisation 1175:Florence Nightingale 1160:Second Schleswig War 1156:German Confederation 1138:Second Schleswig War 1103:Edwin von Manteuffel 1075:Alexandra of Denmark 1056:Increasing isolation 749:German Confederation 715:Frederick William IV 667:Leopold I of Belgium 623:German Confederation 504:Leopold I of Belgium 182:; died 8300:Prussian princesses 8039:Dorothea of Denmark 7894:Maria Anna of Spain 7864:Bianca Maria Sforza 7859:Eleanor of Portugal 7799:Beatrice of Silesia 7794:Margaret of Brabant 7759:Isabella of England 7749:Margaret of Austria 7744:Constance of Aragon 7719:Adelaide of Vohburg 7709:Gertrude of Comburg 7694:Constance of Sicily 7674:Gunhilda of Denmark 7615:Cunigunde of Swabia 7567:Carolingian dynasty 7174:Tsardom of Bulgaria 6029:Van Der Kiste, John 5216:Herre 2006, p. 296. 5198:Herre 2006, p. 302. 5162:Herre 2006, p. 287. 5144:on 5 September 2011 5099:Herre 2006, p. 280. 5029:Herre 2006, p. 251. 5020:Herre 2006, p. 239. 4993:Herre 2006, p. 245. 4975:Herre 2006, p. 243. 4945:Herre 2006, p. 233. 4800:Herre 2006, p. 204. 4773:Herre 2006, p. 211. 4678:Herre 2006, p. 128. 4669:Pakula 1999, p. 98. 4660:Herre 2006, p. 202. 4572:Herre 2006, p. 154. 4554:Herre 2006, p. 153. 4117:Pakula 1999, p. 96. 4105:Pakula 1999, p. 61. 4042:Pakula 1999, p. 52. 4024:Pakula 1999, p. 50. 4015:Pakula 1999, p. 43. 3994:Pakula 1999, p. 31. 3967:Pakula 1999, p. 30. 3897:Pakula 1999, p. 21. 2789:Kingdom of Portugal 2505:played Victoria in 2431:Film and television 2380:The 1861 steamship 2112:Duchess of Galliera 1992:political prisoners 1880:morganatic marriage 1724:Heinrich von Angeli 1594:Theory of Evolution 1535:by the treaties of 1395:Franco-Prussian War 1389:Franco-Prussian War 1266:Austro-Prussian War 1225:Austro-Prussian War 1219:Austro-Prussian War 1132:Prussian-Danish War 1029:Prussian Parliament 852:Princess of Prussia 506:(her great-uncle), 415:, in January 1901. 8315:British princesses 8285:Patrons of schools 7804:Isabella of Aragon 7739:Beatrice of Swabia 7699:Matilda of England 7640:Kingdom of Germany 7606:Kingdom of Germany 7581:Liutgard of Saxony 6737:Queen Elizabeth II 6441:Princess Elizabeth 6351:British princesses 6216:Title next held by 6194:Title last held by 5562:Dreadnought (book) 5552:Massie, Robert K. 5507:Diario del Imperio 5449:The London Gazette 5408:The London Gazette 5308:Site of the school 4851:Massie 1991, p. 28 4827:Herre 2006, p. 65. 4329:Herre 2006, p. 92. 4315:Herre 2006, p. 83. 4087:Herre 2006, p. 42. 4051:Herre 2006, p. 41. 3924:Herre 2006, p. 25. 3756:Schleswig-Holstein 2739:Kingdom of Prussia 2655:Kingdom of Bavaria 2508:Edward the Seventh 2424:Kaiserin Friedrich 2268: 2260: 2241:Frederick Ponsonby 2218: 2148:Kingdom of Finland 2128: 2096:Kronberg im Taunus 2092: 2032: 1985:Kingdom of Prussia 1971:Empress of 99 days 1952: 1861: 1806:University of Bonn 1794: 1748: 1694:, the philosopher 1660:and the historian 1610:Berlin Observatory 1557: 1480: 1330: 1322: 1294:German unification 1231:Gastein Convention 1148: 1091: 1018: 939: 876:Duchess of Orléans 867: 857:Maternal criticism 846:St. James's Palace 822: 799:British Parliament 731:Kingdom of Prussia 692:Ernst Moritz Arndt 688: 627:William of Prussia 619: 575: 539: 512:Duke of Wellington 502:(her great-aunt), 441: 403:, where she built 401:Kronberg im Taunus 397:Kaiserin Friedrich 147:Kingdom of Prussia 8157: 8156: 7991: 7990: 7839:Sophia of Bavaria 7834:Joanna of Bavaria 7814:Blanche of Valois 7654:Adelaide of Italy 7645:Holy Roman Empire 7630:Adelaide of Italy 7520: 7519: 7180: 7179: 6830: 6829: 6609:Princess Victoria 6410:Princess Caroline 6317: 6316: 6226: 6225: 6173:Succeeded by 6077:978-1-84887-956-0 6068:Victoria - A Life 6060:978-3-89995-406-7 5892:Massie, Robert K. 5719:Maclagan, Michael 5618:(in Portuguese). 5180:Röhl 1988, p. 83. 4693:978-1-25829-008-5 4304:La Dernière Reine 4226:Röhl 1988, p. 33. 3716: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3211: 3210: 3071:15 September 1864 3027:; had 1 daughter 2945: 2944: 2831:Kingdom of Saxony 2682:Ernestine duchies 2499: 2498: 2491: 2402:Empress Frederick 2008:Eduard von Simson 1981:order of chivalry 1586:Gustav zu Putlitz 1520:Otto von Bismarck 1154:influence in the 1045:Otto von Bismarck 919:Kronprinzenpalais 593:political views. 451:and her husband, 445:Buckingham Palace 393:Empress Frederick 378:Otto von Bismarck 308: 307: 260: 259: 99:, London, England 97:Buckingham Palace 16:(Redirected from 8352: 8295:Princesses Royal 8018: 8011: 8004: 7995: 7994: 7904:Eleonora Gonzaga 7889:Eleonora Gonzaga 7879:Maria of Austria 7849:Barbara of Cilli 7689:Eupraxia of Kiev 7669:Gisela of Swabia 7547: 7540: 7533: 7524: 7523: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7184: 7183: 6857: 6850: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6344: 6337: 6330: 6321: 6320: 6259:Princesses Royal 6252: 6245: 6238: 6229: 6228: 6152:Preceded by 6140: 6133: 6132:21 November 1840 6107: 6106: 6103: 6081: 6050:Thomas Weiberg: 6046: 6009: 5990: 5965:Röhl, John C. G. 5906:Wolfgang Mommsen 5901: 5886: 5866: 5854: 5842: 5807: 5762:Catherine Clay: 5737: 5736: 5711: 5705: 5695: 5689: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5594: 5586: 5571: 5565: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5504: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5481: 5475: 5467: 5454: 5453: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5382: 5376: 5363: 5357: 5351: 5345: 5341:, 1894, p. 194. 5335: 5329: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5259: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5232: 5226: 5223: 5217: 5214: 5208: 5205: 5199: 5196: 5190: 5187: 5181: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5163: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5106: 5100: 5097: 5091: 5088: 5082: 5079: 5073: 5070: 5064: 5061: 5055: 5050:Marc Blancpain: 5048: 5039: 5036: 5030: 5027: 5021: 5018: 5012: 5009: 5003: 5000: 4994: 4991: 4985: 4982: 4976: 4973: 4967: 4964: 4958: 4955: 4946: 4943: 4937: 4934: 4928: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4906: 4903: 4897: 4894: 4888: 4885: 4879: 4876: 4870: 4867: 4861: 4858: 4852: 4849: 4840: 4839:Röhl 1988, p. 34 4837: 4828: 4825: 4819: 4816: 4810: 4807: 4801: 4798: 4792: 4789: 4783: 4780: 4774: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4744: 4727: 4724: 4718: 4715: 4709: 4702: 4696: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4670: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4652: 4647:Michael Howard: 4645: 4639: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4609: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4591: 4588: 4582: 4579: 4573: 4570: 4564: 4561: 4555: 4552: 4546: 4543: 4537: 4534: 4528: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4510: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4492: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4474: 4471: 4462: 4459: 4453: 4450: 4444: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4426: 4423: 4417: 4414: 4408: 4405: 4396: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4369: 4366: 4360: 4357: 4348: 4345: 4339: 4336: 4330: 4327: 4316: 4313: 4307: 4300: 4294: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4258: 4255: 4249: 4242: 4236: 4233: 4227: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4191: 4184: 4175: 4172: 4166: 4163: 4157: 4154: 4148: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4118: 4115: 4106: 4103: 4097: 4094: 4088: 4085: 4079: 4076: 4070: 4067: 4061: 4058: 4052: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4016: 4013: 4004: 4001: 3995: 3992: 3986: 3983: 3977: 3974: 3968: 3965: 3956: 3949: 3943: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3925: 3922: 3916: 3913: 3907: 3904: 3898: 3895: 3889: 3886: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3866:Royal Collection 3854: 3848: 3845: 3839: 3836: 3830: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3797: 3781: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3759: 3752: 3746: 3743: 3737: 3730: 3228: 3227: 3219: 3218: 3189: 3146: 3127:10 February 1868 3119: 3101:13 November 1929 3090: 3063: 3036: 3009: 2976: 2952: 2939: 2930: 2921: 2908: 2901: 2900: 2873: 2871: 2870: 2855: 2851: 2849: 2848: 2835:Order of Sidonia 2829: 2827: 2826: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2787: 2785: 2784: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2680: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2653: 2651: 2650: 2609:10 February 1862 2596: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2549: 2494: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2474: 2443: 2435: 2404:is a variety of 2317:British Columbia 2237:cloak-and-dagger 2156:German Red Cross 1941:Hugo von Radolin 1921:Morell Mackenzie 1917:laryngeal cancer 1774:Wolfgang Mommsen 1720:Anton von Werner 1476:Anton von Werner 1201:Treaty of Vienna 1194:Battle of Dybbøl 929:First childbirth 870:Prussian court. 651:Great Exhibition 572: 461:heir presumptive 457:British princess 385:laryngeal cancer 368:should become a 339:heir presumptive 333:and was created 319:Queen of Prussia 304: 248: 247: 218:Prince Sigismund 187: 185: 181: 177: 110: 94:21 November 1840 93: 91: 53: 32: 31: 21: 8360: 8359: 8355: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8350: 8349: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8153: 8139: 8078: 8054:Anna of Prussia 8027: 8022: 7992: 7987: 7958: 7819:Anne of Bavaria 7684:Bertha of Savoy 7679:Agnes of Poitou 7643: 7634: 7604: 7595: 7565: 7556: 7551: 7521: 7516: 7505:11th generation 7500: 7489:10th generation 7484: 7453: 7412: 7386: 7360: 7324: 7298: 7277: 7246: 7230: 7228:King of Prussia 7216: 7211: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7160: 7151: 7138: 7125: 7112: 7079: 6985: 6904: 6882: 6866: 6861: 6831: 6826: 6816: 6800:12th generation 6795: 6772:11th generation 6767: 6756:10th generation 6751: 6725: 6676: 6592: 6542: 6506: 6492:Princess Amelia 6487:Princess Sophia 6455: 6446:Princess Louisa 6424: 6405:Princess Amelia 6388: 6372: 6353: 6348: 6318: 6313: 6261: 6256: 6217: 6208: 6195: 6184:British royalty 6178: 6169: 6164: 6157: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6124:House of Wettin 6119: 6112: 6089: 6078: 6043: 6006: 5979: 5883: 5863: 5839: 5804: 5748:Jean Bérenger: 5745: 5740: 5733: 5712: 5708: 5696: 5692: 5682: 5678: 5669: 5667: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5625: 5623: 5608: 5604: 5588: 5587: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5551: 5547: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5512: 5510: 5502: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5468: 5457: 5441: 5437: 5420: 5416: 5400: 5396: 5383: 5379: 5373:Wayback Machine 5364: 5360: 5352: 5348: 5336: 5332: 5327:Wayback Machine 5318: 5314: 5306: 5302: 5292: 5290: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5269: 5262: 5255: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5234: 5233: 5229: 5224: 5220: 5215: 5211: 5206: 5202: 5197: 5193: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5175: 5170: 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4314: 4310: 4301: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4252: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4212: 4207: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4185: 4178: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4160: 4155: 4151: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4121: 4116: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4014: 4007: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3989: 3984: 3980: 3975: 3971: 3966: 3959: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3937: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3784: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3762: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3740: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3216: 3200:22 January 1954 3157:13 January 1932 3109: 2995: 2984:27 January 1859 2950: 2940: 2931: 2922: 2909: 2892: 2887: 2868: 2866: 2862:25 January 1878 2846: 2844: 2824: 2822: 2803: 2801: 2782: 2780: 2774:22 October 1898 2763:, with Collar, 2746:Order of Louise 2733: 2731: 2713: 2711: 2692: 2690: 2674: 2667: 2660: 2648: 2646: 2587: 2585: 2580: 2543: 2536:Catherine Punch 2503:Felicity Kendal 2495: 2484: 2478: 2475: 2460: 2444: 2433: 2397: 2362: 2344: 2308: 2303: 2291: 2210: 2171:of the city of 2120: 2100:Duchy of Nassau 2084: 2079: 2077:Empress dowager 2040:empress dowager 2020: 1973: 1913: 1908: 1853: 1833:John C. G. Röhl 1740: 1549: 1543:(10 May 1871). 1533:Unified Germany 1508:Hall of Mirrors 1500:Hesse-Darmstadt 1465: 1460: 1413:Battle of Sedan 1397: 1391: 1311: 1278:Duchy of Nassau 1274:Peace of Prague 1227: 1221: 1140: 1134: 1071:Prince of Wales 1058: 1010: 979: 974: 954:brachial plexus 931: 903: 901:Official duties 859: 854: 791: 785: 758: 711:Balmoral Castle 680: 675: 599: 429: 321:as the wife of 242: 228:Prince Waldemar 189: 173: 169: 166: 153: 136: 112: 108: 95: 89: 87: 64: 56: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8358: 8348: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8155: 8154: 8151:German Empress 8144: 8141: 8140: 8138: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8035: 8033: 8029: 8028: 8021: 8020: 8013: 8006: 7998: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7969: 7967: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7734:Irene Angelina 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7650: 7648: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7611: 7609: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7572: 7570: 7558: 7557: 7550: 7549: 7542: 7535: 7527: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7514: 7508: 7506: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7492: 7490: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7461: 7459: 7458:9th generation 7455: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7420: 7418: 7417:8th generation 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7394: 7392: 7391:7th generation 7388: 7387: 7385: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7368: 7366: 7365:6th generation 7362: 7361: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7332: 7330: 7329:5th generation 7326: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7306: 7304: 7303:4th generation 7300: 7299: 7297: 7296: 7291: 7285: 7283: 7282:3rd generation 7279: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7254: 7252: 7251:2nd generation 7248: 7247: 7245: 7244: 7238: 7236: 7235:1st generation 7232: 7231: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7210: 7209: 7202: 7195: 7187: 7178: 7177: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7146: 7144: 7143:8th generation 7140: 7139: 7133: 7131: 7130:7th generation 7127: 7126: 7120: 7118: 7117:6th generation 7114: 7113: 7111: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7094: 7087: 7085: 7084:5th generation 7081: 7080: 7078: 7077: 7071: 7065: 7059: 7054: 7048: 7042: 7036: 7030: 7024: 7018: 7012: 7006: 7000: 6993: 6991: 6990:4th generation 6987: 6986: 6984: 6983: 6977: 6971: 6965: 6959: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6937: 6931: 6925: 6919: 6912: 6910: 6909:3rd generation 6906: 6905: 6903: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6888: 6887:2nd generation 6884: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6874: 6872: 6871:1st generation 6868: 6867: 6860: 6859: 6852: 6845: 6837: 6828: 6827: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6814: 6809: 6803: 6801: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6786: 6781: 6775: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6765: 6759: 6757: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6733: 6731: 6730:9th generation 6727: 6726: 6724: 6723: 6716: 6709: 6702: 6695: 6690: 6684: 6682: 6681:8th generation 6678: 6677: 6675: 6674: 6667: 6660: 6653: 6648: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6600: 6598: 6597:7th generation 6594: 6593: 6591: 6590: 6583: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6550: 6548: 6547:6th generation 6544: 6543: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6528:Queen Victoria 6525: 6520: 6514: 6512: 6511:5th generation 6508: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6463: 6461: 6460:4th generation 6457: 6456: 6454: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6432: 6430: 6429:3rd generation 6426: 6425: 6423: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6396: 6394: 6393:2nd generation 6390: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6380: 6378: 6377:1st generation 6374: 6373: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6347: 6346: 6339: 6332: 6324: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6310:(1987–present) 6303: 6297: 6291: 6285: 6279: 6273: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6255: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6232: 6224: 6223: 6215: 6210: 6205:Princess Royal 6201: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6171: 6158: 6153: 6149: 6148: 6146:German royalty 6142: 6141: 6120: 6113: 6110: 6105: 6104: 6088: 6087:External links 6085: 6084: 6083: 6076: 6063: 6048: 6041: 6025: 6011: 6004: 5991: 5977: 5961: 5946: 5931: 5921: 5903: 5888: 5881: 5868: 5861: 5844: 5837: 5824: 5809: 5802: 5789: 5775: 5760: 5752:, Fayard 1990 5744: 5741: 5739: 5738: 5731: 5706: 5690: 5676: 5651: 5633: 5602: 5566: 5545: 5519: 5491: 5476: 5455: 5435: 5414: 5394: 5377: 5358: 5346: 5330: 5312: 5300: 5275: 5260: 5249: 5227: 5218: 5209: 5200: 5191: 5182: 5173: 5164: 5155: 5125: 5101: 5092: 5083: 5074: 5065: 5056: 5040: 5031: 5022: 5013: 5004: 4995: 4986: 4977: 4968: 4959: 4947: 4938: 4929: 4916: 4907: 4898: 4889: 4880: 4871: 4862: 4853: 4841: 4829: 4820: 4811: 4802: 4793: 4784: 4775: 4766: 4757: 4728: 4719: 4710: 4697: 4680: 4671: 4662: 4653: 4640: 4622: 4610: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4574: 4565: 4556: 4547: 4538: 4529: 4520: 4511: 4502: 4493: 4484: 4475: 4463: 4454: 4445: 4436: 4427: 4418: 4409: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4370: 4361: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4317: 4308: 4295: 4286: 4277: 4268: 4259: 4250: 4244:Wilhelm Ober: 4237: 4228: 4219: 4210: 4201: 4192: 4188:Garden History 4176: 4167: 4158: 4149: 4140: 4131: 4119: 4107: 4098: 4089: 4080: 4071: 4062: 4053: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4017: 4005: 3996: 3987: 3978: 3969: 3957: 3944: 3935: 3926: 3917: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3878: 3849: 3840: 3831: 3822: 3810: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3780:on pp. ix–xix. 3769: 3760: 3747: 3738: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3423: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3329: 3326: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3309: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3224: 3223: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3190: 3182: 3181: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3147: 3139: 3138: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3120: 3112: 3111: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3091: 3083: 3082: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3064: 3056: 3055: 3048: 3045: 3044:14 August 1862 3042: 3037: 3029: 3028: 3021: 3020:1 October 1919 3018: 3015: 3010: 3002: 3001: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2977: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2933: 2924: 2915: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2885: 2864: 2856:: Dame of the 2841: 2833:: Dame of the 2820: 2810:Russian Empire 2799: 2797:31 August 1857 2791:: Dame of the 2778: 2777: 2776: 2767: 2758: 2749: 2748:, 1st Division 2729: 2719:Mexican Empire 2709: 2688: 2658: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2633: 2624: 2622:1 January 1878 2611: 2594:United Kingdom 2581: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2560: 2521:Fall of Eagles 2512: 2497: 2496: 2447: 2445: 2438: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2427: 2420: 2409: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2383:Princess Royal 2378: 2367:Princess Royal 2361: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2338: 2335:Forest of Dean 2331: 2320: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2290: 2287: 2279:Friedenskirche 2256:Friedenskirche 2209: 2206: 2119: 2116: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2044:Friedenskirche 2019: 2016: 1979:, the highest 1972: 1969: 1936:Windsor Castle 1923:, who after a 1912: 1909: 1907: 1906:German Empress 1904: 1852: 1849: 1792:, in the 1870s 1739: 1736: 1692:Rudolf Virchow 1658:Adolf Stoecker 1643:Richard Wagner 1582:Gustav Freytag 1548: 1545: 1504:German Emperor 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1417:Siege of Paris 1393:Main article: 1390: 1387: 1310: 1307: 1223:Main article: 1220: 1217: 1213:Saxe-Lauenburg 1136:Main article: 1133: 1130: 1057: 1054: 1009: 1006: 978: 975: 973: 970: 958:fetal distress 930: 927: 902: 899: 858: 855: 853: 850: 784: 781: 757: 754: 737:of 1853–1856. 694:and historian 679: 676: 674: 671: 598: 595: 559:Lady Lyttelton 555:Baron Stockmar 514:stood proxy), 492:William Howley 473:Princess Royal 465:United Kingdom 449:Queen Victoria 428: 425: 421:Prussian court 364:and the later 335:Princess Royal 327:Queen Victoria 315:German Empress 306: 305: 298: 294: 293: 291:Queen Victoria 288: 284: 283: 278: 274: 273: 268: 262: 261: 258: 257: 253: 252: 244: 243: 241: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 199: 197: 191: 190: 171: 167: 162: 161: 159: 155: 154: 139:Friedenskirche 137: 135:13 August 1901 133: 129: 128: 111:(aged 60) 105: 101: 100: 85: 81: 80: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 42:Princess Royal 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8357: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8152: 8148: 8142: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8019: 8014: 8012: 8007: 8005: 8000: 7999: 7996: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7964:German Empire 7961: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7939:Maria Theresa 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7884:Anna of Tyrol 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7764:Bianca Lancia 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 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6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6595: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6582: 6581: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6545: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6458: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6375: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6352: 6345: 6340: 6338: 6333: 6331: 6326: 6325: 6322: 6309: 6308: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6260: 6253: 6248: 6246: 6241: 6239: 6234: 6233: 6230: 6222: 6221: 6214: 6207: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6192: 6188: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6156: 6150: 6147: 6143: 6139:5 August 1901 6138: 6131: 6126: 6125: 6118: 6117: 6108: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6079: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6044: 6042:0-750-93052-7 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6024: 6023:3-423-12846-1 6020: 6016: 6012: 6007: 6005:3-404-61086-5 6001: 5997: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5978:3-406-32358-8 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5958:3-86102-091-2 5955: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5943:5-19-977337-2 5940: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5918:3-548-36765-8 5915: 5911: 5907: 5904: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5889: 5884: 5882:0-313-29483-6 5878: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5862:0-684-84216-5 5858: 5853: 5852: 5845: 5840: 5838:3-89850-142-6 5834: 5830: 5825: 5822: 5821:3-492-23641-3 5818: 5814: 5810: 5805: 5803:3-88680-121-7 5799: 5795: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5773: 5772:2-262-02855-9 5769: 5765: 5761: 5759: 5758:2-213-02297-6 5755: 5751: 5747: 5746: 5734: 5732:1-85605-469-1 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5703: 5699: 5694: 5687: 5686: 5680: 5665: 5661: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5606: 5598: 5592: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5549: 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2298: 2296: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2272:Friedrichshof 2264: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2229:breast cancer 2225: 2223: 2214: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2124: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2104:Friedrichshof 2101: 2098:, in the old 2097: 2088: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2028: 2024: 2015: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1968: 1964: 1962: 1957: 1948: 1944: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1903: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1857: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1769:Sigmund Freud 1765: 1761: 1757: 1754: 1744: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1700:Hans Delbrück 1697: 1696:Eduard Zeller 1693: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1674: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1653: 1648: 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During the 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1226: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1186:Prussian Army 1182: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1144: 1139: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1118: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1107:court-martial 1104: 1100: 1096: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1073:and Princess 1072: 1067: 1064: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1037: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1022:typhoid fever 1014: 1005: 1003: 996: 993: 987: 984: 969: 967: 961: 959: 955: 950: 948: 944: 935: 926: 924: 920: 916: 915:Berlin Palace 911: 909: 898: 895: 889: 887: 886: 879: 877: 871: 863: 849: 847: 843: 837: 833: 831: 827: 820: 815: 811: 808: 804: 800: 796: 790: 780: 777: 771: 769: 765: 764: 753: 750: 746: 742: 741: 736: 732: 726: 722: 720: 716: 712: 708: 703: 701: 697: 693: 684: 670: 668: 662: 659: 658:liberal ideas 654: 652: 648: 644: 639: 636: 632: 628: 624: 616: 612: 608: 603: 594: 592: 588: 587:Isle of Wight 584: 583:Osborne House 579: 567: 563: 560: 556: 550: 548: 544: 536: 531: 527: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 480: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 453:Prince Albert 450: 446: 438: 433: 424: 422: 416: 414: 410: 409:breast cancer 406: 405:Friedrichshof 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 381: 379: 375: 374:Hohenzollerns 371: 367: 366:German Empire 363: 359: 355: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 303: 299: 295: 292: 289: 285: 282: 279: 275: 272: 269: 267: 263: 254: 249: 245: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 200: 198: 196: 192: 165: 160: 156: 152: 151:German Empire 148: 144: 140: 134: 130: 127: 126:German Empire 123: 119: 115: 107:5 August 1901 106: 102: 98: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 67: 63: 59: 52: 47: 44: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 8129: 7977: 7934:Maria Amalia 7601:East Francia 7562:East Francia 7371: 7226:, the first 7161: 7157: 6915: 6877: 6822: 6788: 6718: 6711: 6704: 6697: 6669: 6662: 6655: 6643: 6585: 6578: 6553: 6368: 6364: 6305: 6287: 6218: 6212: 6203: 6196: 6190: 6160: 6136: 6129: 6122: 6114: 6067: 6051: 6032: 6014: 5995: 5968: 5949: 5934: 5927: 5909: 5896: 5872: 5850: 5828: 5812: 5793: 5778: 5763: 5749: 5743:Bibliography 5722: 5709: 5693: 5683: 5679: 5668:, retrieved 5663: 5654: 5641: 5636: 5624:. 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Retrieved 3861: 3852: 3843: 3834: 3825: 3813: 3804: 3795: 3777: 3772: 3763: 3750: 3741: 3728: 3452: 3154:14 June 1870 3074:18 June 1866 3017:24 July 1860 2912:coat of arms 2893: 2882: 2861: 2838: 2818:January 1858 2817: 2796: 2773: 2765:9 March 1888 2764: 2756:26 June 1871 2755: 2744:Dame of the 2726: 2706: 2635: 2626: 2621: 2613: 2608: 2600: 2563: 2556: 2552: 2539: 2529: 2524:, 1974) and 2519: 2506: 2485: 2476: 2461:Please help 2449: 2423: 2412: 2401: 2395:Horticulture 2382: 2366: 2313:Jervis Inlet 2292: 2276: 2269: 2255: 2226: 2219: 2198:or our poor 2182: 2176: 2166: 2159: 2152: 2129: 2093: 2082:Resettlement 2071:high treason 2060: 2033: 2021: 2012: 1989: 1974: 1965: 1953: 1929: 1914: 1900: 1873: 1862: 1829: 1814: 1795: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1749: 1731: 1727: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1671:so hatefully 1670: 1665: 1651: 1636: 1633:antisemitism 1630: 1558: 1526: 1524: 1481: 1471: 1425: 1398: 1375: 1343: 1331: 1286: 1262:Hesse-Kassel 1252:and invaded 1247: 1228: 1198: 1183: 1172: 1168: 1149: 1126: 1122: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1092: 1079:Christian IX 1068: 1059: 1042: 1038: 1026: 1019: 998: 989: 980: 962: 951: 940: 923:Neues Palais 912: 904: 890: 883: 880: 872: 868: 842:Chapel Royal 838: 834: 823: 819:John Phillip 792: 776:middle class 772: 761: 759: 738: 727: 723: 704: 689: 663: 655: 640: 620: 580: 576: 551: 540: 481: 476: 442: 417: 396: 392: 382: 351: 310: 309: 213:Prince Henry 109:(1901-08-05) 40: 29: 8175:1901 deaths 8170:1840 births 7966:(1871–1918) 7224:Frederick I 6302:(1932–1965) 6296:(1905–1931) 6290:(1841–1901) 6284:(1766–1828) 6278:(1727–1759) 6272:(1642–1660) 5715:Louda, Jiří 5626:28 November 5513:14 November 5444:"No. 26725" 5403:"No. 24539" 5242:14 February 3805:archive.org 3000:, no issue 2987:4 June 1941 2910:Victoria's 2896:differenced 2875:Württemberg 2707:24 May 1888 2544: [ 2516:Gemma Jones 2297:, Germany. 2258:, Sanssouci 2175:the words " 1590:Chamberlain 1578:Stuart Mill 1496:Württemberg 1444:Bingerbrück 1421:francophile 1405:Wissembourg 1309:Family life 1179:Crimean War 793:To pay the 735:Crimean War 719:Anglophobia 8164:Categories 7647:(962–1806) 7642:within the 7564:during the 7162:** also a 6209:1841–1901 5787:2905969709 5538:, Berlin: 4748:Röhl, John 3788:References 3137:at age 11 3135:diphtheria 3079:meningitis 2388:Union Navy 2295:Eichenzell 2245:Edward VII 2189:infallible 2006:President 1841:George III 1817:diphtheria 1647:synagogues 1537:Versailles 1528:Zollverein 1338:meningitis 943:Wilhelm II 787:See also: 678:Engagement 635:revolution 543:William IV 535:John Lucas 469:Edward VII 389:Wilhelm II 347:Wilhelm II 343:Edward VII 90:1840-11-21 8032:Duchesses 7659:Theophanu 7608:(919–962) 7603:(911–919) 7586:Richardis 7569:(843–911) 6282:Charlotte 5987:13962777M 3871:11 August 2479:June 2022 2450:does not 2360:Transport 2306:Geography 2200:Charles I 2169:guestbook 2048:Sanssouci 1837:porphyria 1778:Bornstedt 1709:Reichstag 1679:Reichstag 1622:Karl Marx 1618:socialism 1541:Frankfurt 1448:Rüdesheim 1432:Wiesbaden 1351:Charlotte 1334:Sigismund 1298:Reichstag 1205:Schleswig 1117:The Times 966:Charlotte 947:in breech 894:Sanssouci 826:Elisabeth 740:The Times 643:Frederick 625:, Prince 496:Lily font 395:(German: 297:Signature 7164:princess 6369:princess 6361:George I 6288:Victoria 6031:(2001). 5967:(1988). 5894:(1991). 5721:(1999). 5702:George V 5670:21 March 5591:citation 5369:Archived 5323:Archived 3214:Ancestry 3133:died of 3077:died of 2565:Victoria 2541:Bismarck 2531:Bismarck 2342:Monument 2289:Archives 2222:Kronberg 2158:and the 2118:Solitude 1956:San Remo 1845:morphine 1683:völkisch 1666:völkisch 1654:movement 1652:Völkisch 1436:Biberach 1383:barouche 1371:Margaret 1363:Waldemar 1359:Victoria 1280:and the 1235:Holstein 1209:Holstein 1162:against 1152:Austrian 707:Scotland 562:pupils. 484:baptised 482:She was 118:Cronberg 35:Victoria 8149:; also 7625:Eadgyth 7166:of the 6095:at the 5926:(ed.), 5558:excerpt 5293:10 June 3807:. 1928. 2578:Honours 2471:removed 2456:sources 2406:begonia 2283:Potsdam 2233:Germany 2203:govern. 2196:Bourbon 2056:Augusta 2036:Potsdam 1983:in the 1790:Wilhelm 1570:Lessing 1510:at the 1506:in the 1488:Bavaria 1428:Hamburg 1347:Wilhelm 1258:Hanover 1164:Denmark 1119:noted: 1099:Charles 1034:Landtag 992:pfennig 908:Potsdam 885:Junkers 807:thalers 763:Vormärz 621:In the 591:liberal 585:on the 573:1844–45 537:, 1841. 439:, 1842. 362:Prussia 354:liberal 188: 172: 168: 143:Potsdam 122:Prussia 8083:Queens 6365:prince 6294:Louise 6213:Vacant 6191:Vacant 6135: 6074: 6058: 6039: 6021: 6002: 5985: 5975: 5956: 5941: 5916: 5879: 5859: 5835: 5819: 5800: 5785: 5770: 5756: 5729: 5343:online 5148:30 May 4691: 3308:(= 15) 3249:(= 14) 3176:; and 2967:Notes 2872: 2850: 2828: 2807: 2786: 2696: 2652: 2591: 2511:(1975) 2369:was a 2173:Munich 1961:larynx 1925:biopsy 1802:Kassel 1713:putsch 1598:Darwin 1566:Goethe 1440:Bingen 1379:landau 1367:Sophie 1254:Saxony 1241:for a 1095:Danzig 983:regent 803:pounds 745:Russia 647:Louise 615:Helena 611:Louise 494:. 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