Waldensians - Knowledge

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The sick and the aged were burned alive in their dwellings. Some had their hands and arms and legs lopped off, and fire applied to the severed parts to staunch the bleeding and prolong their suffering. Some were flayed alive, some were roasted alive, some disemboweled; or tied to trees in their own orchards, and their hearts cut out. Some were horribly mutilated, and of others the brains were boiled and eaten by these cannibals. Some were fastened down into the furrows of their own fields, and ploughed into the soil as men plough manure into it. Others were buried alive. Fathers were marched to death with the heads of their sons suspended round their necks. Parents were compelled to look on while their children were first outraged , then massacred, before being themselves permitted to die.

3487: 8259: 1863: 2699:. In the renewed persecution, and in an echo of the Piedmont Easter Massacre of only three decades earlier, the Duke issued an edict on 31 January 1686 that decreed the destruction of all the Vaudois churches and that all inhabitants of the Valleys should publicly announce their error in religion within fifteen days under penalty of death and banishment. But the Vaudois remained resistant. After the fifteen days, an army of 9,000 French and Piedmontese soldiers invaded the Valleys against the estimated 2,500 Vaudois, but found that every village had organized a defense force that kept the French and Piedmontese soldiers at bay. 2765: 2956: 2664: 10823: 2484: 3915: 2320: 3861: 4123: 2752:, by 4,000 French troops with cannons, the final assault was delayed by storm and then by cloud cover. The French commander was so confident of completing his job the next morning that he sent a message to Paris that the Waldensian force had already been destroyed. However, when the French awoke the next morning they discovered that the Waldensians, guided by one of their number familiar with the Balsiglia, had already descended from the peak during the night and were now miles away. 174: 2060:, which refers to Christ specifically calling to baptize those who believed, and Reinerius Saccho mentioning how the Waldensians believed that the "ablution which is given to infants profits nothing". Thus there seems to have been an understanding among the Waldensians that infants could be saved without baptism. They rejected confession to priests, the practice of venerating the saints, the use of oaths, secular courts and prayers for the dead. They however accepted the 2619: 7961: 4057: 10700: 8536: 7913: 3445: 2656:". Swiss and Dutch Calvinists set up an "underground railroad" to bring many of the survivors north to Switzerland and even as far as the Dutch Republic, where the councillors of the city of Amsterdam chartered three ships to take some 167 Waldensians to their City Colony in the New World (Delaware) on Christmas Day 1656. Those that stayed behind in France and the Piedmont formed a guerilla resistance movement led by a farmer, 7925: 4069: 7937: 7949: 3802:, celebrating the 250th anniversary of the Waldensian emigration to Germany. He was unable to come for reasons of health but sent A. Jalla, a teacher, described as being full of spite and hatred against all things German after 1945, but who joined in the effort for reconciliation 1949. Based on these experiences, the first town-twinning partnership between Germany and France was signed 1950 between 47: 3646:, engaged in widespread missionary activity, and "planted the seeds of the Reformation" in Europe. Despite the claims of that the Waldensians were observant of resting on the Sabbath, Waldensians historians like Emilio Comba, Giorgio Spini, and Gabriel Audisio have stated the confusion is due to either the name of shoes worn by their travelling preachers or of their accusation's of holding 2603:

latter, abandoning their homes and lands in the lower valleys and removing to the upper valleys. It was written that these targets of persecution, including old men, women, little children and the sick "waded through the icy waters, climbed the frozen peaks, and at length reached the homes of their impoverished brethren of the upper Valleys, where they were warmly received."

3844:‰ = 0.8% ('eight per thousand') from their annual income tax return. They may choose an organised religion recognised by Italy or a social assistance scheme run by the Italian State. While the Waldensians have only about 25,000 enlisted members, more than 600,000 Italians are willing to support the Waldensian community and its charitable works. The 3711:(GAW) praised them as one of the most interesting churches of all—was not confined to a theological fascination. It led to extensive financial support, loans, exchange of priesters and communities, aid missions and political interventions for the Italian Waldensians and their charitable efforts, starting from the seventeenth century. After World War 3903:, is the administrative center of the Waldensian Evangelical Church of the River Plate. In 1969, the Church established a mission in Barrio Nuevo, which became a soup kitchen for Saturdays and Sundays, for 500 poor families. Missionary activity has led to the conversion of new people without Waldensian ancestry, who are called "new Waldensian". 2876:. It recognizes as its doctrinal standard the confession of faith published in 1655 and based on the Reformed confession of 1559. It admits only two ceremonies, baptism and the Lord's Supper. Supreme authority in the body is exercised by an annual synod, and the affairs of the individual congregations are administered by a 2293:

in 1756 in his Compendieuses Church and Heretic Lexicon defined Sabbatati (a sect of the Waldenses) as those who kept the sabbath with the Jews. In the early Waldenses prose tracts there existed an exposition on the 10 commandments which put forth their own explanation on the 4th commandment which defended sabbath keeping.

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Gretser, J. (1738). Opera omnia antehac ab ipsomet auctore accurate recognita, opusculis multis, notis, et paralipomenis pluribus, propriis locis in hac editione insertis aucta et illustrata nunc selecto ordine ad certos titul: Lutherus academicus, et Waldenses sumptibus Joannis Conradi Peez. (p.112)

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They put up a brave fight over the next six weeks, but by the time the Duke retired to Turin on 8 June, the war seemed decided: 2,000 Waldensians had been killed; another 2,000 had "accepted" the Catholic theology of the Council of Trent. Another 8,000 had been imprisoned, more than half of whom died

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Little children were torn from the arms of their mothers, clasped by their tiny feet, and their heads dashed against the rocks; or were held between two soldiers and their quivering limbs torn up by main force. Their mangled bodies were then thrown on the highways or fields, to be devoured by beasts.

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stated that "many used to think it came from Sabbath, and that they observed the Sabbath according to the custom of the Jews." Likewise in the twelfth century, Inquisitor Moneta of Cremona railed against the Waldenses for seventh day sabbath keeping after the manner of Jews. Johann Gottfried Hering

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language, gives a sample of the medieval Waldensian belief. Once it was believed that this poem dated between 1190 and 1240, but there is evidence that it was written in the first part of the fifteenth century. The poem exists in four manuscripts: two are housed at the University of Cambridge, one at

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reached the Waldensian Valleys, the Tavola Valdese decided to seek fellowship with the nascent Protestantism. At a meeting held in 1526 in Laus, a town in the Chisone valley, it was decided to send envoys to examine the new movement. In 1532, they met with German and Swiss Protestants and ultimately

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Protestant theology in Germany was interested in the doctrinal antiquity and apostolic continuity being expressed by the Waldensian faith. The high independence of the communities, lay preaching, voluntary poverty, and strict adherence to the Bible and its early translation through Peter Waldo have

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Over the centuries, Waldensian churches have been established in countries as far away from France as Uruguay and the United States where the active Waldensian congregations continue the purpose of the Waldensian movement. The contemporary and historic Waldensian spiritual heritage describes itself

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By mid-April, when it became clear that the Duke's efforts to force the Vaudois to conform to Catholicism had failed, he tried another approach. Under the guise of false reports of Vaudois uprisings, the Duke sent troops into the upper valleys to quell the local populace. He required that the local

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In 1179, Waldo and one of his disciples went to Rome, where Pope Alexander III and the Roman Curia welcomed them. They had to explain their faith before a panel of three clergymen, including issues that were then debated within the Church, such as the universal priesthood, the gospel in the vulgar

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In 1906, through the initiative of church forces in New York City, Waldensian interest groups were invited to coalesce into a new entity, The American Waldensian Aid Society (AWS), organized "to collect funds and apply the same to the aid of the Waldensian Church in Italy and elsewhere ... and to

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they had fled violence in the Uruguayan countryside, traveling first back to Europe then across the Northern Atlantic to New York and by train to southern Missouri. Waldensians living in the Cottian Alps region of Northern Italy continued to migrate to Monett until the early 1900s, augmenting the

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The French pursued, but only a few days later a sudden change of political alliance by the Duke, from France to the League of Augsburg, ended the French pursuit of the Waldensians. The Duke agreed to defend the Waldensians and called for all other Vaudois exiles to return home to help protect the

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was formed in 1686 under Orange, who promised support to Arnaud. In August 1689, in the midst of the wars between the League of Augsburg and France, Arnaud led 1,000 Swiss exiles, armed with modern weaponry provided by the Dutch, back to the Piedmont. Over a third of the force perished during the

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stated that "the Vaudois are, in fact, descended from those refugees from Italy, who, after St Paul had there preached the gospel abandoned their beautiful country, like the woman mentioned in the apocalypse and fled to those wild mountains where they have to this day, handed down the gospel from

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and actively contributed to reconciliation efforts with Italy (and France) based on relationships with the diaspora. The 1948 centenary festivities of the Savoy civil rights declaration were used for efforts of EKD leading staff to support German Italian reconciliation after World War II. A most

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The history of the Evangelical churches of the valleys of Piemont : containing a most exact geographical description of the place, and a faithfull account of the doctrine, life, and persecutions of the ancient inhabitants ; Together, with a most naked and punctual relation of the late

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The Waldensian community is active and has various associations maintaining the specific heritage and keep relationships with their counterparts in Italy and South America. That includes as well a close watch on the ecumene, with the Waldensian-influenced theologians being more doubtful about a

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commanded the Waldensians to attend Mass or remove to the upper valleys of their homeland, giving them twenty days in which to sell their lands. Being in the midst of winter, the order was intended to persuade the Vaudois to choose the former; however, the bulk of the populace instead chose the

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Compendieuses Kirchen- und Ketzer-Lexicon: In welchem Alle Ketzereyen und Secten, und deren Urheber und Stiffter, von derer Apostel Zeiten her, wie auch die meisten geistlichen Orden angezeiget und beschrieben, darnebst auch viele zur Kirchen-Historie dienende Termini und Sachen angeführet und

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The work of the American Waldensian Society continues in the United States today. The American Waldensian Society aims to foster dialogue and partnership among Waldensian Churches in Italy and South America and Christian churches within North America in order to promote a compelling vision of

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But about two or three hundred Vaudois fled to the hills and began carrying out a guerilla war over the next year against the Catholic settlers who arrived to take over the Vaudois lands. These "Invincibles" continued their assaults until the Duke finally relented and agreed to negotiate. The

2787:, the Waldensian had congregations throughout the peninsula, some originated by preaching, others by migration. However, poverty, societal discrimination, and demographic pressure led the Waldensians to emigrate, first as seasonal workers to the French Riviera and Switzerland, and later to 4009:. These Waldensians maintained their cultural heritage, while passing on their mixture of Mormon and Waldensian faiths to their descendants. Their descendants still consider themselves both Mormon and Waldensian, and have met occasionally over the many decades to celebrate both heritages. 6488:

George Herbert Orchard (1796–1861), an English Baptist pastor in Bedfordshire ... sought to trace Baptist churches from the time of John the Baptist through such groups as the Montanists, Novationists, Donatists, Paulicians, Patarines, Petrobrusians, Arnoldists, Albigenses, Waldenses,

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The American Waldensian Society assists churches, organizations and families in the promotion of Waldensian history and culture. The society allies with those who work to preserve their millennial heritage among their descendants. For example, since 1968, the Old Colony Players in

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Some authors try to date a Reformation-era Waldensian confession of faith back into the Middle Ages in 1120 to assert their claim of doctrinal antiquity. However, in the current historiography from the Waldensians themselves it is asserted that this confession was drafted in 1531.

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Histoire générale des Eglises evangeliques des vallees de Piemont; ou vaudoises. divisée en deux livres,...par Jean Leger, Pasteur & Moderateur des Eglises des Vallées, & depuis la violence de la Persecution, appelé à l'Eglise Wallonne de Leyde. Le tout enrichi de Tailles

2125:, who introduced Reformation theology to Waldensian leaders. They officially adopted Reformed theology at a conference at Cianforan 1532. As a result of the conference, the Waldensians officially modified some of their previous positions such as their rejection of secular courts. 5513:

Melchioris Haiminsfeldii Goldasti Rationale Constitutionum Imperialium, Autoschediasthen Sive Extemporale: In quo cum ipsis Constitutionibus argumenta dicuntur, tum Sacri Romani Imperii iura aduersus Caesaris Baronii Cardinalis Romani Annales elenchos praescribuntur (p.

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The first Waldensian congregations, it was maintained, were established by St. Paul who, on his journey to Spain, visited the valleys of Piedmont ... In the nineteenth century, however, it became evident to critics that the Waldensian documents had been tampered

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According to legend, Peter Waldo renounced his wealth as an encumbrance to preaching, which led other members of the Catholic clergy to follow his example. Because of this shunning of wealth, the movement was early known as The Poor of Lyon and The Poor of Lombardy.

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Some Protestants have considered the Waldensians to be the oldest Non-Catholic Christian community in Western and Central Europe, and the oldest Protestant denomination. Early Protestants felt a spiritual kinship to the Waldensians and wrote positively about them.

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arouse and maintain interest throughout the US in the work of said Church." Today, this organization continues as the American Waldensian Society. The American Waldensian Society recently marked its Centennial with a conference and celebrations in New York City.

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The earliest Waldensian sources show a strong belief in the presence of Christ in the Eucharist. They drew on Peter Lombards' "Sentences" to respond to the Cathars and explain how evil men could consume the Eucharist. Nothing here was heretical or deviated from

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This massacre became known as the Piedmont Easter. An estimate of some 1,700 Waldensians were slaughtered; the massacre was so brutal it aroused indignation throughout Europe. Protestant rulers in northern Europe offered sanctuary to the remaining Waldensians.

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and ultimately, to the United States. Those who remained in Italy have experienced upward social mobility. Waldensian companies dominated Turin's chocolate industry for the latter half of the nineteenth century and are generally credited with the invention of

2713:(1641–1721), who had been driven out of the Piedmont in the earlier purges, returned from Holland. On 18 April he made a stirring appeal before an assembly at Roccapiatta, winning over the majority in favor of armed resistance. When the truce expired on 20 2170:

The Waldensian movement was characterized from the beginning by lay preaching, voluntary poverty, and strict adherence to the Bible. Between 1175 and 1185, Waldo either commissioned a cleric from Lyon to translate the New Testament into the vernacular—the

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Waldensian Christian witness for North America. Thus, the American Waldensian Society makes public the contemporary and historic heritage to which Waldensian spirituality is committed: Tell the Story; Encourage "Crossings"; and Provide Financial Support.

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and its UNESCO world heritage site monastery and school. Maulbronn was the place of the festivities for the 250th anniversary of the Waldensian emigration to Germany, which played as well an important role in German Italian reconciliation after World

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authors have pointed to the Waldensians as an example of earlier Christians who were not a part of the Catholic Church, and who held beliefs they interpreted to be similar to their own. In the seventeenth to the nineteenth century, Dutch and German

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History of the Waldenses: With an Introductory Sketch of the History of the Christian Churches in the South of France and North of Italy, Till These Churches Submitted to the Pope, when the Waldenses Continued as Formerly Independent of the Papal

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The real founder of the sect was a wealthy merchant of Lyons who in the early documents is called Waldes (Waldo) ... On the feast of the Assumption, 1176, he disposed of the last of his earthly possessions and shortly after took the vow of

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The Waldensians taught certain doctrines also held by the Catholic Church, but came into conflict with the Catholic Church by denying some of its sacraments or the manner in which they were performed; The earliest Waldensians taught the

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fruitful cooperation was established at the community level, with Waldensian delegates from both sides pioneering. 1949, Guglielmo Del Pesco (1889–1951), moderator of the Tavola Valdese (Waldensian round table), was invited back to

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tongue, and the issue of voluntary poverty. The results of the meeting were inconclusive; in that same year, the Third Lateran Council condemned Waldo's ideas, but not the movement itself, while the leaders of the movement were not

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as proclaiming the Gospel, serving the marginalized, promoting social justice, fostering inter-religious work, and advocating respect for religious diversity and freedom of conscience. Today, the Waldensian Church is member of the

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Waldo and his followers developed a system whereby they would go from town to town and meet secretly with small groups of Waldensians. There they would confess sins and hold service. A traveling Waldensian preacher was known as a

1846:), South America, and North America. Organizations, such as the American Waldensian Society, maintain the history of the movement and declare their mission as "proclaiming the Christian Gospel, serving the marginalized, promoting 2648:, then ruler in England, began petitioning on behalf of the Waldensians, writing letters, raising contributions, calling a general fast in England and threatening to send military forces to the rescue. The massacre prompted 5761:

The Waldensians eschewed the Cathars, who were busy in the same regions at the same time. While the Cathars were heretics, the Waldensians generally were not. Their real act of defiance was quietly to deny the existence of

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The Waldensians proceeded to disobey the Third Lateran Council and continued to preach according to their own understanding of the Scriptures. In 1184, Waldo and his followers were excommunicated and forced from Lyon. The

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they used as footwear. However, he admitted that his reasoning on this etymology did not have the support of the literature of his day because these sources, he said, contained many errors. Other historians such as

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They also rejected a number of concepts that were widely held in Christian Europe of the era. For example, the Waldensians held that temporal offices and dignities were not meant for preachers of the Gospel; that

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Opera omnia, antehac ab ipsomet auctore accurate recognita, opusculis multis, notis, et paralipomenis pluribus, propriis locis in hac editione insertis, aucta et illustrata, nunc selecto ordine ad certos titulos

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century, with an extermination of the Waldensians attempted by the Duke of Savoy in 1655. This led to the exodus and dispersion of the Waldensians to other parts of Europe and even to the Western Hemisphere.

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October 1532. Farel invited them to join the Reformation and to emerge from secrecy. A Confession of Faith, with Reformed doctrines, was formulated and the Waldensians decided to worship openly in French.

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The Duke's forces did not simply slaughter the inhabitants. They are reported to have unleashed an unprovoked campaign of looting, rape, torture, and murder. According to one report by a Peter Liegé:

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Venerabilis patris Monetae Cremonensis ordinis praedicatorum S.P. dominico aequalis Adversus Catharos et Valdenses libri quinque : quos ex manuscriptis codd. Vaticano, Bononiensi, ac Neapolitano

2854:, in the name of the Catholic Church, asked Waldensian Christians for forgiveness for their persecution. The Pope apologized for the Church's "un-Christian and even inhumane positions and actions". 2740:, were sent to England and other lands to canvas for support. Orange and the allies were glad of any excuse to antagonise France, whose territorial encroachments on all fronts were intolerable. The 2044:. However they denied the right of sinful priests to give the Eucharist. Early forms of the Waldensian Mass sought to recover the early Christian liturgy and contained a sevenfold repetition of the 2009:

was no more efficacious than rain water; and that prayer was just as effectual if offered in a church or a barn. They were accused, moreover, of speaking blasphemously of the Catholic Church as the

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Some historical writers suggest Waldensian beliefs came from missionaries from the early church and that their history may have its origins in the apostolic age, though this idea itself stems from

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Most modern knowledge of the medieval history of the Waldensians originates almost exclusively from the records and writings of the Roman Catholic Church, the same body that was condemning them as

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The Voice of the Church on the Coming and Kingdom of the Redeemer; Or, a History of the Doctrine of the Reign of Christ on Earth. Revised and Edited with a Preface by H. L. Hastings. Third Edition

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January 1687, required that the Vaudois leave immediately or convert to Catholicism. This edict led to some 2,800 Vaudois leaving the Piedmont for Geneva, of whom only 2,490 survived the journey.

3524:(1859), Antoine Monastier quotes Bernard, abbot of Foncald, who wrote at the end of the twelfth century that the Waldensians arose during the papacy of Lucius. Monastier takes Bernard to mean 3569:, an idea that was very popular among some nineteenth-century church historians but has been largely rejected by modern scholars in the field. The Roman Inquisitor Reinerus Sacho, writing c. 2410:, eventually interfered to save his territories from further turmoil and promised the Vaudois peace, but not before the offensive had devastated the area and many of the Vaudois had fled to 1754:

also preached, but because they were not willing to recognize the prerogatives of local bishops over the content of their preaching, nor to recognize standards about who was fit to preach.

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130-mile trek. They successfully re-established their presence in the Piedmont and drove out the Catholic settlers, but they continued to be besieged by French and Piedmontese troops.

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actively contributed to reconciliation efforts with Italy and France based on its relationship with the Waldensian community. The GAW has ongoing links with the Waldensians in Italy.

3517:(Roman Emperor from 306 to 337) – the account tells – the Waldenses held true to their apostolic faith of poverty and piety. These claims were discounted in the nineteenth century. 11249: 9309: 4001:

In 1853 a group of approximately 70 Waldensians, including men, women, and children, left their homes in the Piedmont Valleys and migrated to Pleasant Green, Hunter, and Ogden,

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The Waldensian church was able to gain converts by building schools in some of the poorer regions of Italy, including Sicily. There is still a Waldensian church in the town of

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Galambosi, Péter (2018). "A budai eretnekmozgalom (1304–1307)" [The Heretical Movement in Buda (1304–1307)]. In Kádas, István; Skorka, Renáta; Weisz, Boglárka (eds.).

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are of Waldensian background. The church has also attracted intellectuals as new adherents and supporters and enjoys significant financial support from non-adherent Italians.

2114:. The Waldensians saw themselves as a "church within the Church", likely not going further, although they were accused of seeing the Catholic church as the Babylonian harlot. 2056:

and practiced Friday abstinence. Both Waldensian and Catholic sources, however, imply that the Waldensians rejected infant baptism, at least to some extent. This is seen from

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populace quarter the troops in their homes, which the local populace complied with. But the quartering order was a ruse to allow the troops easy access to the populace. On 24

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The best known Waldensian Churches in America were in New York, Monett, Missouri and in Valdese, North Carolina. The church in New York City was disbanded by the mid-1990s.

4111:. The new settlers were free in their religious services, and kept holding them in French till the nineteenth century. The Waldensian community is often overlooked, as the 2684:, which had guaranteed freedom of religion to his Protestant subjects in France. French troops sent into the French Waldensian areas of the Chisone and Susa Valleys in the 1777:, but they mostly did not raise the doctrinal objections characteristic of sixteenth-century Protestant leaders. They came to align themselves with Protestantism: with the 3876:

The first Waldensian settlers from Italy arrived in South America in 1856. From that date there have been several migrations, especially to Argentina, such as the town of

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The Romaunt Version of the Gospel According to St. John... with an Introductory History of the Version of the New Testament, Anciently in Use Among the Old Waldenses...

2725:"Invincibles" won the right for the imprisoned Vaudois to be released from prison and to be provided safe passage to Geneva. But the Duke, granting that permission on 3 4174:. Still today, French family names (Gille, Roux, Granget, Conle, Gillardon, Common, Jourdan, Piston, Richardon, Servay, Conte, Baral, Gay, Orcellet or Salen) show the 3673:

been credited to prove an ancient origin of Protestantism as the true interpretation of the faith. Mere anti-Catholic sentiments and controversies, for example in the

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published in 1848, in which he described the history of the New Testament in use by the Waldensians. The Waldensian College began training ministers in 1855, first in

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in 1535, was based in part on a New Testament in the Waldensian vernacular. The churches in Waldensia collected 1500 gold crowns to cover the cost of its publication.

2391: 9954: 9103: 2549:. Prisoners were released and fugitives permitted to return home, but despite this treaty, the Vaudois, with the other French Protestants, still suffered during the 956: 2494:

Outside the Piedmont, the Waldenses joined the local Protestant churches in Bohemia, France, and Germany. After they came out of seclusion and reports were made of

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1230, held the sect of the Vaudois to be of great antiquity, thus preceding Waldo by centuries. According to some early baptist sources there are also accounts of

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Moneta, of Cremona; Ricchini, Tommaso Agostino; Sintes, Giovanni Battista; Fratta, Domenico Maria; Pomarede, Silvio; Palearini, Nicolò; Palearini, Marco (1743).

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faced with imminent extermination, hiding many of them in the same mountain valley where their own Waldensian ancestors had found refuge in earlier generations.

3942:. Many Waldensians, having escaped persecution in their homelands by making their way to the tolerant Dutch Republic, crossed the Atlantic to start anew in the 10167: 7986: 4332:

The Theologies of the Eucharist in the Early Scholastic Period: A Study of the Salvific Function of the Sacrament According to the Theologians, C. 1080-c. 1220

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As early as 1631, Protestant scholars began to regard the Waldensians as early forerunners of the Reformation, in a manner similar to the way the followers of

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Waldensian Researches During a Second Visit to the Vaudois of Piemont: With an Introductory Inquiry Into the Antiquity and Purity of the Waldensian Church ...

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little is known with certainty about the reputed founder, Valdes (also called Peter Waldo, or Valdo). As a layman, Valdes preached (1170–1176) in Lyon, France

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Homer, Michael W. (May 2006). "Seeking Primitive Christianity in the Waldensian Valleys: Protestants, Mormons, Adventists and Jehovah's Witnesses in Italy".

3840:) introduced 1985 in Italy greatly helped the Waldensian community. The eight per thousand law allows taxpayers to choose to whom they devolve a compulsory 8 7434: 2158:

in the thirteenth century also spoke about the dangers of the Waldenses for among other reasons its antiquity "some say that it has lasted from the time of

5985: 3707:) as proof of an early origin of the Waldensians. The strong German Protestant support for the Waldensian diaspora community in Italy—leading staff of the 2422: 1778: 3953:

In the late nineteenth century many Italians, among them Waldensians, emigrated to the United States. They founded communities in New York City; Boston;

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Medioevo Valdese 1173–1315. Povertà, Eucarestia e Predicazione: Tra identità minoritaria e rappresentazione cifrata del rapporto tra l'uomo e l'Assoluto

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On 9 April, the Duke of Savoy issued a new edict, enjoining the Waldensians to put down their arms within eight days and go into exile between 21 and 23

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From Uruguay or directly from Italy, some Waldensian families also found a home in Brazil. There, they ended up joining the local Protestant churches.

649: 8573: 7979: 4479: 3849: 2446: 1823:—a majority Waldensian church, with a minority of Methodists. Another large congregation is the Evangelical Waldensian Church of Río de la Plata in 4453: 3825:. It has 50,000 members (45,000 Waldensians, of whom 30,000 in Italy and some 15,000 divided between Argentina and Uruguay, and 5,000 Methodists). 3981:

was among the first to be established in the United States, in 1875, by some 40 settlers who had formed the original South American settlement in

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Rückblicke auf die Geschichte der Reformation, oder, Luther in Leben und That: zur Erinnerung an die dreihundertjährige Augsburgische Confessions

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Spicilegium sive collectio veterum aliquot scriptorum qui in Galliae bibliothecis delituerant. Olim editum opera ac studio d. Lucae d'Achery, .

4845: 4268: 4127: 2920:. Petr Chelčický was influenced by the Waldensians very early in his life, as there existed Waldensian congregations in the area of his birth. 625: 10735: 8878: 7830:

The Israel of the Alps : a complete history of the Waldenses and their colonies : prepared in great part from unpublished documents

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Although they rose to prominence in the twelfth century, some evidence suggests that the Waldenses may have existed even before the time of

9586: 7243: 4293: 1301: 3888:(which forms a united church with the Waldensian Evangelical Church) has approximately 40 congregations and 15,000 members shared between 3650:, as the inquisitors often charged heretics in general. Though other Waldenses sources do suggest there were groups who kept the sabbath. 2002: 11234: 10050: 6216: 6189: 2893: 1098: 5665:

returning to the region of the Alps, he found a body of Christians like-minded with himself; with these he gladly united, and laboured.

5275:

Lucae Tudensis Episcopi scriptores aliquot succedanei contra sectam Waldensium: nunc primum in lucem editi cum prolegomenis et notis ...

3612:(1844), linked Anabaptist origins to the Waldensians. Baptist authors like John L. Waller also linked their origins to the Waldensians. 11155: 9623: 8727: 4084:(1641–1721), pastor and leader of the Piedmont Waldensians, rescued his co-religionists from their dispersion under the persecution of 3822: 1820: 1793: 6132: 5256: 2831:

and, in 1922, to Rome. Economic and social integration have eased acceptance of ethnic Waldensians into Italian society. Writers like

1074: 11172: 8929: 3767:, at the southwest of the island. German Protestants have been supportive of the Waldensians in Italy since the seventeenth century. 6159: 4096:

invited the Waldensians to his territory. When the Waldensians were exiled a second time, Arnaud accompanied them in their exile to

11239: 10095: 10045: 9352: 8965: 7186: 5551:. Getty Research Institute. Romae : Ex typographia Palladis : Excudebant Nicolaus, et Marcus Palearini. pp. 475–476. 2037: 615: 11269: 9357: 8006: 5930:

Cross and crown: or, The sufferings and triumphs of the heroic men and women who were persecuted for the religion of Jesus Christ

5129:"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume V: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1049–1294 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 5028:"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume V: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1049–1294 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 4694:"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume V: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1049–1294 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 4103:

Those who remained in Germany were soon assimilated by the State Churches (Lutheran and Reformed) and they are a part of various

4048:, but, unlike the South American Waldensian communities, today they are independent institutions from the European organization. 3732: 3473: 2737: 914: 7818:

The History of the Waldenses: Connected with a Sketch of the Christian Church from the Birth of Christ to the Eighteenth Century

7522: 4958: 4044:

The Waldensian Presbyterian churches in the United States and the American Waldensian Society have links with the Italian-based

2013:. They rejected what they perceived as the idolatry of the Catholic Church and considered the papacy as the Antichrist of Rome. 11214: 10202: 10070: 9314: 9222: 8953: 8873: 8821: 8619: 6919: 1203: 4093: 3486: 2304:

were first representatives of the sect, but in modern times claims of the Waldenses to high antiquity are no longer accepted.

1296: 10250: 8831: 8566: 7796: 7741: 7727: 7107: 7087: 6321: 6287: 6253: 6226: 6199: 6169: 6060: 5911: 5810: 5785: 5716: 5651: 5377: 5214: 4941: 4909: 4597: 4339: 3818: 1816: 1617: 1245: 1006: 610: 3543:

meant "valley dwellers" or those who "dwell in a vale of sorrow and tears", and was in use before the times of Peter Waldo.

3168: 1161: 9608: 8468: 2885: 2398:, responded to the bull by organizing a crusade to fulfill its order and launched a military offensive in the provinces of 1107: 2335: 11224: 9803: 8233: 3994:, in 1893. The first Waldenses settled in North Carolina in 1893. Both the Monett and Valdese congregations use the name 3513:

who visited Spain and then allegedly traveled on to Piedmont. As the Catholic Church indulged in excesses in the time of

1524: 1194: 765: 7343: 3653:

Scholar Michael W. Homer links the belief in an ancient origin of the Waldensians to three seventeenth-century pastors,

3520:

There were also other claims that the Waldensians predated Peter Waldo's activities in the late twelfth century. In his

2868:

The present Waldensian Church considers itself to be a Protestant church of the Reformed tradition originally framed by

1116: 1021: 11274: 11149: 9401: 9304: 5488: 2599: 1093: 600: 571: 7216: 2877: 1035: 11229: 10997: 10728: 10521: 10040: 7859: 7836: 7809: 7788: 7768: 7755: 7439: 6474: 5969: 5747: 5209:. Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World. Greenwood Press. p. 2031. 5086: 3643: 3018: 1581: 997: 7643: 7402: 7170: 11264: 10873: 9818: 9717: 9176: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8559: 8488: 7419: 6810: 6101:

Bächstädt-Malan Camusso, Christian (2002), "Per Una Storia dell'Industria Dolciaria Torinese: il Caso Caffarel", p.

3503: 2653: 841: 760: 11094: 6829:(1873). "Chapter 25: Sabbath Keepers During The Reformation Times From The Fifteenth To The Seventeenth Century". 5104:"History of the Christian Church, Volume V: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1049–1294 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 4876:"History of the Christian Church, Volume V: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1049–1294 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 11244: 10480: 9903: 9633: 9372: 9329: 9212: 9202: 9012: 8975: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8614: 8445: 7468: 6830: 3308: 2545:

The treaty of 5 June 1561 granted amnesty to the Protestants of the Valleys, including liberty of conscience and

1427: 157: 6864:(1587), explicitly stated that "Thus began the appellation of Poors of Lyon, also called Waldensians, Lyonists, 11254: 10546: 10217: 10185: 10012: 9931: 9362: 9132: 9048: 8939: 7971: 6889: 4734:

Princeton Theological Seminary Library. London : Printed by Henry Hills for Adoniram Byfield. p. 143.

4731:

bloudy massacre, 1655 ; And a narrative of all the following transactions, to the year of Our Lord, 1658 .

4256: 3995: 3919: 3794: 3323: 1409: 1250: 5989: 4119:

is a Museum today. A memorial plate refers to the introduction of potatoes in Württemberg by the Waldensians.

3661:

and the Waldensian pastors Pierre Gilles and Jean Léger, who posited that the Waldensians were descendants of

1084: 1079: 808: 644: 11259: 10463: 10207: 10197: 9961: 9618: 9416: 9386: 9227: 9078: 9031: 8769: 8002: 4288: 4108: 4085: 4045: 3934:

Since colonial times there have been Waldensians who sailed to America, as marked by the presence of them in

3786: 3757: 3716: 3123: 2692: 2211:

and help make arrangements to move on to the next town in secret. Waldo possibly died in the early thirteenth

1804: 1576: 1055: 836: 742: 620: 6647:, Volume 1, p. 223: Sources of Medieval History, New York, Alfred Knopf, quoted from S. R. Maitland (1832), 6493:, Lollards, and Anabaptists. Thereby Baptist church successionism was added to the body of Landmark beliefs. 6313:

The Rise of the Global South: The Decline of Western Christendom and the Rise of Majority World Christianity

1016: 11106: 10721: 9396: 4037: 3745: 3736:

The Waldensian Church in Milan, built in 1949, incorporates materials from the demolished gothic church of

3628: 3224: 2593: 2519: 2147: 1797: 747: 551: 416: 10972: 7490: 7000:

Vinay, Valdo (December 1972), "Mémoires de George Morel : l'importanza del codice valdese c-5-18 (Ms.

4486: 4389: 1011: 304: 10541: 9760: 9406: 9391: 9377: 9284: 9274: 8764: 8310: 8082: 7375: 5830:. Histoire générale des Eglises Evangeliques des Vallées du Piemont ou Vaudoises. Vol. 2. p. 8. 3466: 3318: 3202: 2418: 1812: 1143: 947: 737: 10686: 6709: 4767:

La Nobla Leyczon considérée au point de vue de la doctrine, de la morale et de l'histoire" (in French),

4615:

Pita, Gonzalo (2014). "Waldensian and Catholic Theologies of History in the XII–XIV Centuries: Part I".

4457: 2515: 1862: 10526: 10420: 9411: 9279: 9083: 7903: 3749: 3351: 2993: 2777: 2527: 1130: 1069: 877: 822: 640: 576: 2776:, the Waldenses of Piedmont were assured liberty of conscience and, in 1848, the ruler of Savoy, King 10408: 10243: 10190: 9673: 9137: 9027: 7410: 4017: 3927: 3700: 3658: 3293: 2897: 2542:

ranged from hundreds to thousands, depending on the estimates, and several villages were devastated.

1610: 1231: 933: 855: 411: 124: 17: 2458: 1050: 10987: 10403: 10308: 10212: 10180: 10075: 9755: 9568: 9061: 8997: 8179: 7503: 7448: 3426: 3406: 3386: 3043: 3003: 2966: 2407: 2289: 276: 9596: 6379:

A History of the Vaudois Church from Its Origin: And of the Vaudois of Piedmont to the Present Day

5842: 3744:

In 1848, after many centuries of harsh persecution, the Waldensians acquired legal freedom in the

2783:

Enjoying religious freedom, the Waldensians began migrating outside their valleys. By the time of

1950:

Waldensians held and preached a number of doctrines as they read from the Bible. These included:

1434: 799: 584: 10441: 10349: 9483: 9423: 9299: 9181: 8980: 8582: 7166: 5563: 4171: 4032: 3991: 3923: 3811: 3708: 3599: 3067: 3008: 2889: 2748:

By 2 May 1689, with only 300 Waldensian troops remaining, and cornered on a high peak called the

2550: 1958: 1871: 1375: 942: 882: 867: 580: 421: 326: 2539: 2487: 2478: 11209: 10496: 10458: 10273: 10143: 10030: 9648: 9269: 9190: 9166: 8598: 8540: 8483: 6444:

Pope Lucius III consequently included them among the heretics against whom he issued a Bull of

5511: 5204: 3459: 3431: 2939: 2733: 2434: 2356: 1783: 1539: 1125: 1040: 1030: 987: 669: 7173: 6512: 6311: 6243: 5959: 5901: 5775: 4752: 3536: 2510:

January 1545 issued the "Arrêt de Mérindol", and assembled an army against the Waldensians of

10588: 10578: 10415: 10138: 10080: 9971: 9966: 9844: 9838: 9638: 9186: 9151: 9056: 8970: 8752: 8515: 7507: 6460: 6412: 6386:] (translated from the French ed.). London: Religious Tract Society (published 1848) 6384:

Histoire de l'Église vaudoise, depuis son origine et des vaudois du Piémont jusqu'à nos jours

6279:

Certain Sainthood: Canonization and the Origins of Papal Infallibility in the Medieval Church

6277: 4589: 4262: 4081: 3737: 3566: 3547: 3514: 3023: 2820: 2710: 2163: 1445: 1391: 712: 687: 664: 635: 630: 491: 7304: 7024:

Algemeine Geschichte der Waldenser oder der evangelischen Kirchen in den Thälern von Piemont

6577:

Geschiedkundig onderzoek naar den Waldenzischen oorsprong van de Nederlandsche Doopsgezinden

5934: 5290: 4178:

background. Stuttgart hosts as well an Italian Waldensian community with about 100 members.

4159: 2764: 1520: 11139: 11030: 10777: 10393: 10388: 10236: 10128: 10085: 10035: 9823: 9775: 9770: 9745: 9581: 9535: 9438: 9428: 9264: 9257: 9108: 9022: 8794: 8784: 8747: 8463: 7004:

259) del Trinity College di Dublino per la storia dell'adesione dei Valdesi alla Riforma",

6469:. Baptist Series (reprint ed.). Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press. p. 216. 4298: 3396: 3361: 3346: 3341: 3303: 3118: 3055: 2913: 2912:

who came out in support of believer's baptism. The Waldensians also influenced some in the

2805: 2567:

Although the Waldensian church was granted some rights and freedoms under French King Henry

2421:, whom Innocent VIII in 1491 appointed Apostolic Nuncio and Commissary conjointly with the 2368: 1997:

were no different from any other bones and should not be regarded as special or holy; that

1985: 1925: 1758:

offered the Waldensians the chance to return to the Church, and many did, taking the name "

1736: 1708: 1603: 1497: 1461: 1329: 928: 919: 872: 862: 659: 605: 595: 434: 364: 359: 247: 11101: 10446: 6778: 8: 11008: 10977: 10744: 10704: 10511: 10506: 10344: 10288: 10278: 10152: 10133: 9873: 9868: 9795: 9513: 9488: 9367: 9347: 9294: 9195: 9093: 8990: 8958: 8902: 8375: 8355: 8144: 8015: 7917: 6735: 4278: 4230: 3986: 3966: 3845: 3647: 3449: 3401: 3356: 3096: 3077: 3072: 3050: 2917: 2784: 2706:

April. If able, they were free to sell their land and possessions to the highest bidder.

2677: 2546: 2499: 1529: 1361: 1324: 590: 331: 229: 195: 64: 7816: 7194: 6942: 6589: 5682:

The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons

5677: 5128: 5103: 5027: 4875: 4693: 2819:

were preserved in Paris and Dublin. The manuscripts were used as the basis of a work by

2756:

Piedmont borders against the French, in what came to be known as the "Glorious Return".

2671: 2162:, others, from the time of the Apostles." In the seventeenth century, Waldensian Pastor 1268: 1060: 11111: 10888: 10656: 10475: 10100: 9850: 9780: 9697: 9685: 9662: 9458: 9232: 9073: 9017: 9007: 8809: 8593: 7885: 7848: 7602: 7527: 7460: 7006:

Bollettino della Società di Studi Valdesi – Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Vaudoise,

6905: 6901: 6786: 6731: 5955: 5419: 3900: 3829: 3662: 3613: 3555: 3197: 3128: 3090: 3013: 2998: 2983: 2741: 2688:

forced 8,000 Vaudois to convert to Catholicism and another 3,000 to leave for Germany.

2589: 2375:

Buda, the capital of Hungary from 1304 to 1307. The Waldensians in turn excommunicated

2277:

stated that the name insabbatati was because of Sabbath keeping in the manner of Jews.

2151: 1767: 1397: 1338: 1236: 1045: 992: 817: 722: 717: 707: 521: 486: 446: 379: 369: 311: 179: 74: 9171: 7862: 6529:

A General History of the Baptist Denomination in America: And Other Parts of the World

3885: 3814:

is supportive of Waldesian projects and charitable efforts in Italy till the present.

2483: 1902:

Earlier documents that provide information about early Waldensian history include the

501: 11144: 11089: 10982: 10883: 10863: 10857: 10787: 10772: 10661: 10501: 10354: 10025: 9944: 9939: 9893: 9833: 9702: 9498: 8883: 8804: 8742: 8388: 8315: 8050: 7855: 7832: 7805: 7792: 7784: 7764: 7751: 7737: 7723: 7575: 7532: 7464: 7103: 7083: 6506: 6470: 6406: 6317: 6283: 6249: 6222: 6195: 6165: 6056: 5965: 5907: 5806: 5781: 5743: 5712: 5647: 5411: 5373: 5305:

Harris, M. Roy (1984). "Old Waldensian: Some linguistic and editorial observations".

5210: 5082: 4937: 4905: 4746: 4593: 4456:. Chiesa Evangelica Valdese – Unione delle chiese Metodiste e Valdesi. Archived from 4335: 4147: 4143: 3954: 3764: 3753: 3298: 3283: 3175: 2796: 2773: 2352: 2301: 2297: 2285: 2215:

century, possibly in Germany; he was never captured, and his fate remains uncertain.

2049: 1978: 1774: 1755: 1732: 1208: 471: 281: 262: 257: 238: 128: 100:

Italy, Switzerland, France, Germany, Argentina, United States, Uruguay, and elsewhere

9888: 7456: 6622: 5928: 5546: 4728: 4629: 2663: 2117:

The Waldensians would, later in their history, adopt a number of doctrines from the

1988:

of believers, as according to de Bourbon they claimed that all good men are priests.

516: 11079: 10583: 10303: 10298: 9785: 9725: 9113: 9098: 8799: 8779: 8774: 8757: 8737: 8520: 8243: 7452: 7244:"Coppie gay, storica apertura della Chiesa valdese. Ma si aspetta ancora una legge" 6893: 6593: 5733: 5401: 4674: 4247: 4238: 4041:, an outdoor drama telling the story of the Waldenses and the founding of Valdese. 3962: 3958: 3865: 3833: 3775: 3654: 3559: 3510: 3103: 2988: 2923:

However, on the other hand, some Hussites rejected Waldensian doctrines, including

2909: 2869: 2836: 2812: 2788: 2425:, was involved in reaching a peaceful agreement between Catholics and Waldensians. 2387: 2376: 2274: 2159: 2155: 2067: 2045: 2028: 2018: 2010: 1641: 1552: 1451: 1217: 892: 790: 541: 451: 374: 7403:"'Like the Rose in the Wilderness': The Mormon Mission in the Kingdom of Sardinia" 6018: 6015: 3877: 3810:, again based on a special connection of the Württemberg Landeskirche. The German 3691: 3585:, along with the Waldenses of the Alps, who kept Saturday as the Lord's day. Some 2792: 2154:

lamented that the Waldenses were a "pest of long existence". While the Inquisitor

1148: 11050: 10992: 10641: 10636: 10376: 10366: 10293: 10158: 10060: 9998: 9740: 9691: 9237: 8892: 8221: 8211: 7965: 7036: 7022: 6928: 6772: 6606: 6575: 6544: 6527: 6464: 6445: 6377: 6245:

Religion on the Move!: New Dynamics of Religious Expansion in a Globalizing World

6116: 5884: 5737: 5641: 5598: 5529: 5467: 5455: 5273: 5238: 4791: 4652: 4583: 4308: 3914: 3639: 3529: 3421: 3376: 3268: 3153: 3148: 2681: 2645: 2623: 2572: 2348: 2344: 2188: 2180: 1854:

work, and advocating respect for religious diversity and freedom of conscience."

1851: 1743: 1571: 1557: 1479: 1468: 1352: 785: 732: 727: 697: 481: 466: 393: 271: 145: 8001: 7426: 2811:

Waldensian scholarship also flourished in the nineteenth century. Copies of the

2732:

Arnaud and others now sought help of the allied European powers. He appealed to

11129: 11014: 10966: 10926: 10850: 10681: 10556: 10516: 10452: 10425: 10398: 10324: 10162: 10148: 10123: 10118: 9909: 9883: 9813: 9628: 9530: 9525: 9508: 9448: 9342: 9289: 9118: 9038: 8887: 8478: 8455: 8285: 8248: 8132: 8112: 8077: 8070: 7953: 7499: 6755: 6751: 4283: 4089: 3943: 3884:

Pampa, where they arrived around 1901. As of 2016 the Waldensian Church of the

3860: 3635: 3631: 3604: 3578: 3525: 3381: 3278: 3212: 2816: 2657: 2319: 2196: 2167:

father to son in the same purity and simplicity as it was preached by St Paul.

2041: 1847: 1843: 1759: 1315: 1310: 1259: 887: 702: 546: 536: 531: 511: 383: 354: 349: 286: 7482: 7119: 6105:

63, Doctoral thesis (Economics and Business), Universitá degli Studi di Torino

6030: 5615: 4511: 4151: 4122: 3807: 2175:(Franco-Provençal) language—or was himself involved in this translation work. 11203: 11134: 11002: 10932: 10878: 10631: 10608: 10531: 10065: 10002: 9991: 9878: 9765: 9668: 9656: 9520: 9493: 9433: 8912: 8732: 8418: 8383: 8228: 8191: 8186: 8169: 8149: 8043: 7929: 7825: 7351: 6826: 6806: 6687: 6427: 6345: 5858: 5415: 5326: 5153: 5052: 5002: 4977: 4960:

History of the Christian Church: From the Birth of Christ to the 18th Century

4403: 4359: 4186: 4155: 3947: 3790: 3617: 3416: 3411: 3366: 3207: 3084: 2947: 2924: 2832: 2824: 2557: 2442: 2383: 2343:

The Catholic Church viewed the Waldensians as unorthodox, and in 1184 at the

2265: 2122: 1593: 1222: 1156: 496: 476: 441: 316: 211: 184: 31: 7269: 6983:"La 'Confesion de fé' de los Valdenses llamada del ano 1120" (August 1935), 6966:"La 'Confesion de fé' de los Valdenses llamada del ano 1120" (August 1935). 6897: 6191:

Finding the Middle Way: The Utraquists' Liberal Challenge to Rome and Luther

4533: 2106:; however they differed radically from them: the Waldensians never accepted 173: 11084: 10808: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10651: 10371: 10334: 10090: 10020: 9898: 9707: 9678: 9545: 9242: 8985: 8944: 8508: 8393: 8295: 8238: 8201: 8164: 8107: 8028: 7941: 7435:"Il Libro di Mormon: Anticipating Growth beyond Italy's Waldensian Valleys" 6880: 5406: 5393: 5389: 4190: 4154:. The founded new communities in Rohrbach, Wembach und Hahn (today part of 4104: 4061: 4006: 3970: 3313: 2851: 2531: 1716: 1365: 1282: 1277: 1171: 961: 526: 461: 321: 266: 8551: 5803:

Veretek, utak, katonák. Gazdaságtörténeti tanulmányok a magyar középkorról

4016:

By the 1920s most of the Waldensian churches and missions merged into the

3760:, as it became known, developed and spread through the Italian peninsula. 2618: 2466: 2110:

views, they did not reject the sacraments in total and did not believe in

10920: 10868: 10598: 10573: 10550: 10383: 9730: 9591: 9562: 9503: 9478: 9337: 9252: 9146: 9127: 8836: 8498: 8438: 8428: 8408: 8398: 8267: 8216: 8206: 8102: 8038: 8023: 7894: 7866: 7670: 7647: 6608:

The Western Baptist Review "Were the Waldenses Baptists or Pedo-Baptists?

5805:(in Hungarian). MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont. pp. 223–245. 4303: 4251: 4219: 4163: 3974: 3803: 3676: 3621: 3551: 3499: 3391: 3231: 3192: 3138: 3113: 3108: 3062: 2873: 2840: 2649: 2462: 2372: 2308: 2269: 2199:

power. Rome also accused the Waldensians of teaching innumerable errors.

2143: 1867: 1751: 1728: 1348: 1166: 692: 456: 202: 165: 108: 89: 85: 7553: 7080:

Italienische Waldenser und das protestantische Deutschland 1655 bis 1989

6868:, because they did not observe either the Sabbath nor any feasts." p. 84 4846:"The Eucharist and the Negotiation of Orthodoxy in the High Middle Ages" 4116: 4097: 3864:

Festivities celebrating the 150th anniversary of Italian immigration to

3539:, writing in 1210 (although Monastier says 1160), claimed that the name 2685: 2399: 10904: 10646: 10626: 10339: 10329: 10259: 10110: 9860: 9808: 9613: 9443: 9088: 8917: 8861: 8856: 8423: 8335: 8330: 8305: 8300: 8280: 8275: 8174: 8159: 8154: 8139: 8127: 8097: 7803:

History of the Waldenses of Italy, from their origin to the Reformation

7750:, Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 5423: 5370:

History of the Waldenses of Italy, from their origin to the Reformation

4224: 4182: 3935: 3634:

taught that the Waldenses were preservers of biblical truth during the

3586: 3574: 3263: 3246: 3241: 3028: 2364: 2324: 2281: 2226: 2107: 2102:

The Waldensians were associated by councils and papal decrees with the

2006: 1998: 1763: 1731:, a wealthy merchant who gave away his property around 1173, preaching 242: 10713: 8503: 5586:(in Latin). France?: Dominique Vigneaux d’’Angrogne. pp. f.209 r. 4056: 4020:

due to the cultural assimilation of the second and third generations.

2721:

of deliberately imposed starvation, or of sickness within six months.

2695:, followed his uncle in removing the protection of Protestants in the 11045: 11040: 10782: 10105: 10055: 9981: 9976: 9750: 9735: 9463: 9453: 9156: 9142: 8866: 8493: 8473: 8433: 8413: 8403: 8360: 8350: 8345: 8320: 8290: 8196: 8117: 8087: 8055: 7142:

Christianity Outside the Box: Learning from Those Who Rocked the Boat

7100:

Der Armutsbegriff der Waldenser: eine sozialphilosophische Annäherung

6248:. International Studies in Religion and Society. Brill. p. 208. 4717:

Inquisitor Reyenerious, A. D. 1250, and extracted by Allix (Chap. 22)

4669: 4259:, Anglican protector who worked with the Waldensians in South America 4242: 4198: 4194: 4167: 4135: 4112: 4073: 3893: 3799: 3595: 3371: 3288: 3219: 2863: 2800: 2749: 2118: 2111: 2103: 1971: 1929: 1824: 1789: 1747: 1264: 654: 506: 252: 1773:

In some aspects the Waldensians of the Middle Ages could be seen as

11058: 11035: 10914: 10844: 10766: 10603: 10536: 9949: 9828: 9468: 9247: 9161: 8907: 8897: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8535: 8340: 8325: 8092: 8065: 8060: 8033: 7960: 6847:

The Waldensian dissent: persecution and survival, c. 1170 – c. 1570

4273: 4115:

were larger in number. Henri Arnaud's home in Schönenberg close to

3939: 3590: 3258: 3180: 3133: 2828: 2696: 2523: 2511: 2495: 2411: 2403: 1839: 1838:

Congregations continue to be active in Europe (particularly in the

1828: 233: 224: 215: 46: 7382:. N.C. Department of Natural & Cultural Resources. 29 May 2016 7021:

Jean Léger, Siegmund Jacob Baumgartens, Johann Jacob Korn (1750),

5709:

The Waldensian Dissent: Persecution and Survival c. 1170 – c. 1570

5079:

Preachers by Night – The Waldensian Barbes (15th – 16th Centuries)

4080:

Several thousand Waldenses fled from Italy and France to Germany.

2857: 2225:(those with sandals) received sacred orders and were to prove the 10960: 10803: 10699: 10593: 10469: 9986: 9916: 9576: 9540: 8122: 7912: 7691: 7394: 4480:"Per un patto tra la Chiesa Assemblee di Dio e la Chiesa valdese" 4454:"Patto di integrazione globale tra le chiese metodiste e valdesi" 4234: 4068: 3982: 3889: 3869: 3444: 3273: 3253: 3143: 2561: 2395: 2278: 2262: 2172: 2061: 1878: 1832: 1704: 1535: 1416: 388: 291: 220: 6133:"Francis asks forgiveness for Waldensian persecutions, killings" 6053:

The Waldensian Story: A Study in Faith, Intolerance and Survival

4825:

La noble leçon, texte original d'après le manuscrit de Cambridge

4808:

La noble leçon, texte original d'après le manuscrit de Cambridge

3685:

contains a ballade about the fate of the Waldensians and quotes

2759: 9002: 8922: 8789: 7748:

The Waldensian Dissent: Persecution and Survival, c.1170–c.1570

6871: 5742:. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin (published 2011). p. 430. 4902:

Preachers by Night: The Waldensian Barbes (15th-16th Centuries)

4250:(later re-converted to Catholicism), early Spanish follower of 4139: 2736:

directly from Geneva, while others, amongst whom was the young

2360: 2192: 1994: 1720: 140: 132: 7734:

Preachers by Night The Waldensian Barbes (15th–16th Centuries)

7187:"otto per mille della dichiarazione irpef alla chiesa valdese" 6858:

The first historian on the Waldensians, Gerolamo Miolo in his

History of the Evangelical Churches of the Valleys of Piedmont

4197:

show the French heritage, the latter communities are close to

2628:

History of the Evangelical Churches of the Valleys of Piedmont

2363:. In 1211 more than 80 Waldensians were burned as heretics at 2098:

The Church has erred by prohibiting the marriage of the clergy

2048:, with the Eucharistic elements being consecrated through the 2040:

and affirmed the necessity of priests for the offering of the

1668: 10361: 10228: 9550: 7879: 4175: 3236: 2847: 1808: 1724: 1647: 7617: 7120:"Chiesa Evangelica Pentecostale 'L'Eterno Nostra Giustizia'" 6861:

Historia breve et vera de gl'affari de i valdesi delle Valli

4561: 3616:(1808–1890) likewise believed the Waldensians preserved the 2195:, stating that the group's principal error was contempt for 1932:

who converted to Catholicism, published together in 1254 as

7782:

The Waldenses: Rejections of Holy Church in Medieval Europe

7514: 6676:, pp. 302–303, Watertown, Wisconsin: Baptist Heritage Press 6235: 4210:

stronger cooperation with the Catholic Church than others.

4002: 3990:

original colony, and founded another, larger settlement in

3779: 3771: 3506:" of the 1655 massacre and persecution of the Waldensians. 2672:

Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the "Glorious Return"

2053: 1659: 120: 6549:(in Latin). National Central Library of Rome. p. 210. 5544: 4630:"Medieval Sourcebook: Accusations against the Waldensians" 4432:

Waldenses: Rejection of the Holy Church in Medieval Europe

4181:

Municipality names like Pinache, Serres (both now part of

4134:

Main parts of the Waldensian refugees found a new home in

3946:

colony, establishing the first church in North America on

2846:

In 2015, after a historic visit to a Waldensian Temple in

1680: 11189:

indicate their inclusion to be controversial or disputed.

7336: 3509:

It was once held that the Waldenses were first taught by

2827:. A few years later, the Waldensian College relocated to 2691:

In the Piedmont, the cousin of Louis, the newly ascended

2016: 1954:

The atoning death and justifying righteousness of Christ;

1788:

on 12 September 1532, they formally became a part of the

1750:, not because they preached apostolic poverty, which the 6985:

Boletin de la Sociedad Sudamericana de Historia Valdense

6968:

Boletin de la Sociedad Sudamericana de Historia Valdense

4100:, and continued to act as their pastor until his death. 2449:

to attend the meeting of Chanforan, which convened on 12

2268:

claimed this designation arose from the unusual type of

1715:

in the late twelfth century, the movement spread to the

88:

and other Waldensian theologians, nowadays also that of

11250:

Christian denominations established in the 12th century

6809:(1873). "Chapter 21–The Sabbath During the Dark Ages". 6532:. Lincoln & Edmands, no. 53, Cornhill. p. 413. 3748:

as a result of the liberalising reforms which followed

2622:

Print illustrating the 1655 massacre in La Torre, from

2438:

adapted their beliefs to those of the Reformed Church.

2296:

Many among the Waldensians claimed that people such as

1703:, are adherents of a church tradition that began as an 10168:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

5278:(in Latin). excudebat Andreas Angermarius. p. 54. 4930:

Anderson, Roberta; Bellenger, Dominic (17 June 2013).

1924:

1220). There are also the two reports written for the

1766:

movement, under the influence of early Swiss reformer

8003:

Beliefs condemned as heretical by the Catholic Church

7901: 7895:

The Waldensian Movement From Waldo to the Reformation

6611:. A. G. Hodges and Company, printers. pp. 30–32. 6564:. Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Herald Press. p. 287. 5534:(in Latin). sumptibus Simeonis Vasalini. p. 225. 1677: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1644: 7331:

Morris's Memorial History of Staten Island, New York

7292:

El templo y la escuela: los valdenses en el Uruguay.

6559: 6303: 5774:

Ellwood, R. S.; Alles, G. D. (2007). "Waldensians".

5196: 5191:

Les Vaudois, l’étonnante aventure d’un peuple-église

4585:

The Knights Templar & the Protestant Reformation

3681:, played a role. Heinrich Gottlieb Kreussler's 1830 2070:

gave the following charges against the Waldensians:

1683: 1656: 1650: 6542: 5926: 5489:"Decoding Ancient Waldenses Names: New Discoveries" 2615:a.m., the signal was given for a general massacre. 2218:Early Waldensians belonged to one of three groups: 1727:. The founding of the Waldensians is attributed to 1653: 7447:(1), Maxwell Institute For Religious Scholarship, 5244:(in French). chez Jean Le Carpentier. p. 155. 2575:in 1598, persecution rose again in the seventeenth 2359:in 1215, officially denouncing the Waldensians as 2080:Christians should obey God instead of the Prelates 2032:Trinity College in Dublin, and another in Geneva. 1803:The main denomination within the movement was the 7777:, pp. 4–5, Religious Tract Society of London 7576:"Medieval New York: Waldensians in New York City" 6269: 4929: 4556: 4554: 2717:April, the Waldensians were prepared for battle. 2052:. The Waldensians observed the forty-day fast of 1909:Manifestatio haeresis Albigensium et Lugdunensium 1742:Waldensian teachings came into conflict with the 11201: 7241: 7217:"Italian Protestants approve same-sex blessings" 6075:(Storia del movimento evangelico in Italia, Vol. 5688:. Wesleyan Missionary Society: 108. October 1853 5678:"Piedmontese Children Forced from their parents" 4978:"Waldenses: Description, History, & Beliefs" 3793:(who was also Bishop of Württemberg) issued the 2371:that nearly destroyed the movement. Waldensians 1711:before the Reformation. Originally known as the 7890:Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online 7821:(Vol. 2, 2nd ed.), London: Gale and Fenner 7762:A Companion to the Waldenses in the Middle Ages 6408:A History of the Vaudois Church from Its Origin 6092:, Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press 5527: 3899:The Uruguayan town of Colonia Valdense, in the 2858:Characteristics of the modern Waldensian Church 2564:, also persecuted by authorities, were viewed. 1378:(retained by Lutherans, mostly banned by Trent) 30:"Waldensian" redirects here. For the ship, see 6774:Beitrage zur Sektengeschichte Des Mittelalters 6241: 4839: 4837: 4551: 4269:List of Italian religious minority politicians 2472: 2339:Piedmontese children forced from their parents 2083:That no one is above one another in the church 10729: 10244: 8567: 7987: 7775:History of the Bohemian and Moravian Brethren 6859: 6849:. Cambridge University Press, 1999. pp. 72–77 6161:Historical Dictionary of Radical Christianity 5825: 5646:. Religious Tract Society. 1846. p. 18. 4446: 4130:to commemorate the original settler families. 3467: 2760:Religious freedom after the French Revolution 2311:with proto-Waldensians in the European Alps. 1798:nearly annihilated in the seventeenth century 1611: 7370: 7368: 7155:Italy: Be Fluent in Italian Life and Culture 6777:(in German) (2nd ed.). Munich. p. 5889:. Dalcassian Publishing Company. p. 62. 5773: 5670: 5579: 5292:Histoire de la glorieuse rentrée des Vaudois 4617:Journal of the Adventist Theological Society 4611: 4609: 4472: 4353: 4351: 4166:-Dornholzhausen, Gottstreu and Gewissenruh ( 3778:, Italian Waldensians were active in saving 3674: 2441:The Swiss and French Reformed churches sent 2367:; this action launched several centuries of 2307:One school of thought attempts to associate 2146:, perhaps as early as 1100. In 1179, at the 8581: 7311:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 17 February 2017 6685: 6411:. London: Religious Tract Society. p. 5906:. Cambridge University Press. p. 405. 5482: 5480: 4893: 4834: 3493:. Anonymous illustration published in 1886. 2930: 2894:Federation of Evangelical Churches in Italy 1933: 1907: 1886: 11156:Triumph of the Cross (Girolamo Savonarola) 10736: 10722: 10251: 10237: 8574: 8560: 7994: 7980: 7350:, Brigham Young University, archived from 6791:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5920: 5206:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z 4769:Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Vaudoise 4325: 4323: 4265:, a Waldensian writer, pastor, and soldier 4126:The Waldensian stone was erected north of 3880:in the southern part of the province of La 3823:Union of Waldensian and Methodist Churches 3817:In 1975, the Waldensian Church joined the 3474: 3460: 2954: 1935:Summa de Catharis et Pauperibus de Lugduno 1928:by Reinerius Saccho (died 1259), a former 1821:Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches 1794:Community of Protestant Churches in Europe 1746:and by 1215 the Waldensians were declared 1618: 1604: 11220:Christian denominations founded in France 11173:Comparison of Catharism and Protestantism 7365: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7058: 6770: 6404: 6375: 6014:, L. J. Richards & Co., Philadelphia 5800: 5430: 5405: 4606: 4396: 4348: 2768:Waldensian Church entrance in Rome, Italy 2514:. The leaders in the 1545 massacres were 7082:, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 6525: 6504: 6282:. Cornell University Press. p. 59. 6183: 6181: 6157: 5780:. New York: Facts on File. p. 471. 5486: 5477: 4744: 4650: 4644: 4121: 4067: 4055: 4005:, after being converted to Mormonism by 3913: 3859: 3731: 3722: 3485: 2763: 2662: 2617: 2482: 2334: 2318: 2038:real presence of Christ in the Eucharist 1861: 1796:and its affiliates worldwide. They were 10743: 9992:Fostering of early experimental science 7598:"Outdoor Drama At Valdese Has Long Run" 7520: 6825: 6805: 6649:History of the Albigenses and Waldenses 6459: 6309: 5851: 5840: 5732: 5706: 5509: 5465: 5202: 5076: 4899: 4843: 4726: 4320: 3985:in the 1850s. With the outbreak of the 3546:Waldensians feature in the theories of 2908:The Waldensians were influences to the 2323:Illustrations depicting Waldensians as 2001:served only to spend one's money; that 14: 11202: 10096:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 7696:Evangelische Waldenser-Kirchengemeinde 7668: 7055: 6940: 6604: 6466:Baptist Theology: A Four-century Study 6275: 5899: 5583:Waldensian prose tracts. IE TCD MS 260 5561: 5447: 5388: 5288: 5081:. Leiden – Boston: Brill. p. 44. 4789: 4581: 2390:for the extermination of the Vaudois. 809:Censorship of the Bible § 16th century 10953: 10717: 10394:Schwarzenau (German Baptist) Brethren 10232: 8555: 7975: 7814: 7488: 7432: 7400: 7144:. Wipf & Stock Publishers. p. 72. 6877: 6750: 6730: 6690:. Landmark Independent Baptist Church 6688:"Waldenses Were Independent Baptists" 6425: 6343: 6214: 6187: 6178: 6114: 5954: 5882: 5596: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5254: 5236: 4972: 4970: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4869: 4867: 4670:"The Use and Abuse of Church History" 4582:Stroud, James Edward (October 2011). 4357: 3819:Methodist Evangelical Church in Italy 3642:. She claimed the Waldenses kept the 1974:as the "invention of the Antichrist"; 1857: 8469:Community of the Lady of All Nations 7035:Heinrich Gottlieb Kreussler (1830), 6754:(1870). "Chapter 4: The Waldenses". 4844:Alvarez, Sandra (15 November 2012). 4329: 4060:Coat of arms of Le Bourcet (part of 3608:(1660) and Steven Blaupot ten Cate, 3502:, for example, wrote in his sonnet " 2886:World Communion of Reformed Churches 2880:under the presidency of the pastor. 2667:Waldensian Church of Florence, Italy 2488:Massacre of the Mérindol Waldensians 2314: 2235:instructed and trained missionaries; 2095:They condemn the Catholic sacraments 2092:Bishops should not have royal rights 1883:Profession of faith of Valdo of Lyon 7523:"To A Home in the Land of the Free" 7344:"Regions: Europe: Countries: Italy" 7272:. American Waldensian Society. 2016 7242:Gaetano Pecoraro (27 August 2010). 7184: 6921:The History of the Christian Church 6158:Brackney, William H. (3 May 2012). 5777:The Encyclopedia of World Religions 5493:Andrews University Seminary Studies 5444:250. Universal Knowledge Foundation 5436:Herbermann, Charles George (1913). 5271: 4956: 4667: 4485:. 20 September 2009. Archived from 4094:Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg 3926:. This congregation belongs to the 3620:faith and its practices during the 2241:preached to the general population. 2086:No one should kneel before a priest 2005:if one's appetite served one; that 1940:On the Cathars and the Poor of Lyon 1792:tradition. They are members of the 24: 11235:Protestantism in the United States 11150:Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards 7712: 7521:Platene, Giuseppe (1 April 1989), 7380:This Day in North Carolina History 7376:"Waldenses Settle in Burke County" 6463:(2009). "6: Baptist Landmarkism". 5312: 5101: 4967: 4918: 4873: 4864: 2583: 2074:The Pope is the head of all errors 55:("A light shines in the darkness") 25: 11286: 7873: 7440:Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 6944:History of the Ancient Christians 6663:, p. 180, Texarkana: Bogard Press 6316:. Wipf & Stock. p. 196. 6242:Adogame, A.; Shankar, S. (2012). 6188:David, Zdeněk V. (29 July 2003). 5859:"Bl. Angelo Carletti di Chivasso" 5562:Hering, Johann Gottfried (1756). 5528:Eymerich (O.P.), Nicolau (1595). 3774:occupation of North Italy in the 1117:16th century Renaissance humanism 856:Political and religious conflicts 10821: 10698: 8534: 8257: 7959: 7947: 7935: 7923: 7911: 7760:Bellito, Christopher M., (Ed.), 7684: 7662: 7636: 7610: 7590: 7578:. Fordham University. 3 May 1998 7568: 7546: 7420:Mormon Historic Sites Foundation 7323: 7297: 7284: 7262: 7235: 7209: 7178: 7160: 7147: 7134: 7112: 7092: 7043: 7029: 7015: 6994: 6977: 6960: 6934: 6912: 6852: 6839: 6819: 6799: 6764: 6744: 6724: 6710:"waldenses confessions of faith" 6702: 6686:Greg Wilson (1 September 1988). 6679: 6666: 6653: 6637: 6615: 6598: 6574:Steven Blaupot ten Cate (1844), 6310:Kim, E. J. F.; Bush, L. (2012). 5569:(in German). Fulde. p. 537. 5487:Damstegt, Gerard (Autumn 2016). 3909: 3855: 3752:'s granting a constitution (the 3504:On the Late Massacre in Piedmont 3443: 2693:Duke of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II 2654:On the Late Massacre in Piedmont 2457:The French Bible, translated by 1640: 1099:Dutch Renaissance and Golden Age 975:Influence on church architecture 172: 45: 11240:History of Catholicism in Italy 7845:, UNI Service Editrice, Trento. 7618:"Deutsche Waldenservereinigung" 7457:10.5406/jbookmormstud.11.1.0040 7401:Homer, Michael W. (Fall 2000), 7157:. Thorogood Publishing. p. 280. 7122:. Grotte.info. 26 December 2012 6583: 6568: 6553: 6536: 6519: 6498: 6453: 6419: 6398: 6368: 6337: 6208: 6194:. Woodrow Wilson Center Press. 6151: 6125: 6115:Gilly, William Stephen (1848). 6108: 6095: 6082: 6073:L'Evangelo e il berretto frigio 6065: 6045: 6023: 6004: 5988:. Dartmouth.edu. Archived from 5978: 5948: 5893: 5876: 5834: 5819: 5794: 5767: 5739:A Short History of Christianity 5725: 5700: 5633: 5608: 5590: 5573: 5555: 5538: 5521: 5503: 5459: 5382: 5362: 5345: 5299: 5282: 5265: 5255:Gilly, William Stephen (1831). 5248: 5230: 5183: 5171: 5146: 5121: 5095: 5070: 5045: 5020: 4995: 4950: 4817: 4800: 4783: 4759: 4738: 4720: 4711: 4686: 4661: 4622: 4575: 4526: 4334:. Clarendon Press. p. 57. 3522:A History of the Vaudois Church 2660:, which lasted into the 1660s. 11270:1170s establishments in France 10547:Separation of church and state 10258: 9955:Separation of church and state 9624:Formal and material principles 9609:Separation of church and state 6890:University of California Press 6221:. Princeton University Press. 6012:History of Delaware, 1609–1888 5180:, Anonymous Chronicles of Lyon 4504: 4437: 4424: 4390:"A History of the Waldensians" 4382: 4257:Frederick Henry Snow Pendleton 3996:Waldensian Presbyterian Church 3920:Waldensian Presbyterian Church 3795:Stuttgart Declaration of Guilt 3558:of practices and beliefs from 2428: 2207:. The group would shelter the 1899:of Bergamo Conference (1218). 800:Counter-Reformation § Politics 92:and other Reformed theologians 13: 1: 11215:1173 establishments in Europe 10464:Dordrecht Confession of Faith 9619:Hymnody of continental Europe 8770:Apostles in the New Testament 7049:similar in: F. Bender (1850) 6712:. Baptistdocuments.tripod.com 6661:A Concise History of Baptists 6560:Theileman van Braght (2009). 6543:Luc : d' Achery (1723). 6215:Brock, Peter (8 March 2015). 6055:, Lewes, Sussex: Book Guild, 5640:"Accounts of the Waldenses". 5178:Liber visionum et miraculorum 4963:. Delmarva Publications, Inc. 4933:Medieval Worlds: A Sourcebook 4562:"American Waldensian Society" 4314: 4289:Waldensian Evangelical Church 4150:and in the then Grand Duchée 4109:Evangelical Church in Germany 4046:Waldensian Evangelical Church 3787:Evangelical Church in Germany 3758:Waldensian Evangelical Church 3717:Evangelical Church in Germany 3491:The Vaudois taking their oath 2780:, granted them civil rights. 2630:, published in London in 1658 2530:, who was returning from the 2526:, and the military commander 2355:went even further during the 2261:—Some historians such as the 1805:Waldensian Evangelical Church 1512:Conclusion and commemorations 1195:Hymnody of continental Europe 1108:Folklore of the Low Countries 743:Frederick V, Elector Palatine 406:Theologies of seminal figures 6737:The History of Protestantism 6580:, Amsterdam: Frederik Muller 5933:. National Pub. Co. p. 5927:James Dabney McCabe (1874). 5351:Brooke, Rosalind B. (1975), 5261:C. J. G. & F. Rivington. 3746:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia 2903: 2351:, they were excommunicated. 2148:Third Council of the Lateran 1945: 1817:Methodist Evangelical Church 417:Theology of Huldrych Zwingli 7: 10542:Priesthood of all believers 10481:Anabaptist–Jewish relations 9067:Eastern Orthodox opposition 7880:American Waldensian Society 7606:. 3 June 1973. p. 17E. 7221:Presbyterian Church (U.S.A) 7191:www.ottopermillevaldese.org 7171:Common projects (in German) 6405:Monastier, Antoine (1859). 6376:Monastier, Antoine (1847). 5394:"Goodbye to Waldensianism?" 4213: 3850:blessing of same-sex unions 3806:and the Protestant exclave 3319:United and uniting churches 3149:Great Awakenings in America 2652:'s poem on the Waldenses, " 2498:on their part, French King 2473:Massacre of Mérindol (1545) 2419:Angelo Carletti di Chivasso 2331:, by Martin Le France, 1451 2121:due to the French Reformer 2003:meat might be eaten any day 1967:The incarnation of the Son; 1918:Anonymous chronicle of Lyon 1144:English Renaissance theatre 626:Denmark–Norway and Holstein 10: 11291: 11225:Protestantism in Argentina 10527:Nonconformity to the world 10421:Apostolic Christian Church 9084:Art patronage of Julius II 8541:Catholic Church portal 7722:, Plough Publishing House 7502:). Department of History, 7433:Homer, Michael W. (2002), 7153:Whittaker, Andrew (2010). 7102:, Frankfurt am Main: Lang 6941:Perrin, Jean Paul (1847), 6931:, The Ages Digital Library 6771:Dollinger, Johann (1890). 6218:Pacifism in Europe to 1914 6137:National Catholic Reporter 6090:Waldenses in the New World 6051:Stephens, Prescot (1998), 6010:Scharf, Thomas J. (1888), 5510:Goldast, Melchior (1607). 5355:, New York: Routledge, pp. 4790:TAYLOR, Daniel T. (1856). 4051: 3750:Charles Albert of Sardinia 3683:History of the Reformation 2861: 2778:Charles Albert of Sardinia 2587: 2528:Antoine Escalin des Aimars 2476: 2133: 2128: 2089:Tithes should not be given 1339:Lutheran and Anglican Mass 1204:Music of the British Isles 1131:16th century in literature 29: 11275:12th-century Christianity 11181: 11165: 11122: 11072: 11023: 10998:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples 10946: 10897: 10837: 10830: 10819: 10796: 10758: 10751: 10695: 10617: 10566: 10489: 10434: 10409:Brethren in Christ Church 10317: 10266: 10176: 10011: 9930: 9859: 9794: 9716: 9647: 9587:Calvinist–Arminian debate 9561: 9328: 9211: 9047: 8938: 8820: 8718: 8607: 8589: 8529: 8454: 8374: 8266: 8255: 8014: 7732:Audisio, Gabriel (2007), 7671:"Waldenserort Nordhausen" 7411:Mormon Historical Studies 7333:, Volume 1. 1898, page 40 6674:A History of the Baptists 6505:Lawrence, Eugene (1876). 5964:. Hartland. p. 132. 5707:Audisio, Gabriel (1999). 5643:Sketches of the Waldenses 5438:The Catholic Encyclopedia 5077:Audisio, Gabriel (2007). 4900:Audisio, Gabriel (2007). 4745:Lawrence, Eugene (1876). 4668:Vos, J. G. (April 1996). 4651:Moreland, Samuel (1658). 4443:Cameron 2000, pp. 264–284 4434:(Oxford, 2000), pp. 49–62 3928:Presbyterian Church (USA) 3701:Siegmund Jakob Baumgarten 3697:History of the Waldenians 3659:Reformed Church of France 3535:Monastier also says that 2898:World Council of Churches 2534:with 2,000 veterans, the 2518:, First President of the 2290:Directorium Inquisitorium 1807:, the original church in 1565:Calendrical commemoration 878:War of the Three Kingdoms 412:Theology of Martin Luther 139: 125:Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles 114: 104: 96: 80: 70: 60: 44: 39: 11230:Protestantism in Uruguay 11107:Savoyard–Waldensian wars 10988:Johann Ruchrat von Wesel 10687:Samuel Heinrich Fröhlich 10404:Old Order River Brethren 10076:Christian existentialism 7853:History of the Waldenses 7746:Audisio, Gabriel (1999) 7718:Arnold, Eberhard (1984) 7644:"Deutsche Waldenserorte" 7504:Brigham Young University 7449:Brigham Young University 7348:Global Mormonism Project 7140:Scotland, Nigel (2012). 7051:Geschichte der Waldenser 6927:24 December 2013 at the 6672:Thomas Armitage (1988), 6605:Waller, John L. (1847). 6590:Geschiedkundig onderzoek 6526:Benedict, David (1813). 6088:Watt, George B. (1941), 5961:History of the Waldenses 5886:History of the Waldenses 5841:Baronio, Cesare (1663). 5604:. A. Black. p. 527. 5531:Directorium Inquisitorum 5473:(in Latin). p. 112. 5353:The Coming of the Friars 4727:Morland, Samuel (1658). 4408:Encyclopaedia Britannica 4185:), Großvillars (part of 3727: 3610:Geschiedkundig onderzoek 3019:Relations with Catholics 2931:Appraisal by Protestants 2594:Savoyard–Waldensian wars 2408:Charles I, Duke of Savoy 2347:, under the auspices of 2011:harlot of the Apocalypse 1872:Luther Monument in Worms 1779:Resolutions of Chanforan 277:Johann Ruchrat von Wesel 11265:Protestant third orders 10705:Christianity portal 10350:Conservative Mennonites 8583:History of Christianity 7815:Jones, William (1816), 7167:Gustavus Adolphus Union 7098:Paul R. Tarmann (2010) 6906:10.1525/nr.2006.9.4.005 6898:10.1525/nr.2006.9.4.005 5629:– via New Advent. 5466:Gretser, Jacob (1738). 5372:. New York: AMS Press, 5341:– via New Advent. 5189:Tourn, Giorgio (1999). 4588:. Xulon Press. p. 4512:"Quienes somos – IEVRP" 4033:Valdese, North Carolina 3992:Valdese, North Carolina 3924:Valdese, North Carolina 3812:Gustavus Adolphus Union 3709:Gustavus Adolphus Union 3450:Christianity portal 2890:World Methodist Council 2551:French Wars of Religion 2284:Francis Pegne cited in 2077:The Monks are Pharisees 1410:First Wittenberg hymnal 868:French Wars of Religion 682:Major political leaders 422:Theology of John Calvin 11245:Protestantism in Italy 10497:Theology of Anabaptism 10459:Schleitheim Confession 10274:Protestant Reformation 10144:Fourth Great Awakening 10031:Second Great Awakening 9270:Fall of Constantinople 9062:Development of primacy 7841:Sossi, Andrea (2010), 7492:The Mormon Waldensians 7078:Barbro Lovisa (1994), 6918:William Jones (1832), 6860: 6832:History of the Sabbath 6812:History of the Sabbath 6659:G. H. Orchard (1987), 6643:Brian Tierney (1970), 6276:Prudlo, D. S. (2016). 6071:Giorgio Spini (1971), 5900:Knecht, R. J. (1984). 5847:(in Latin). Mascardus. 5826:Innocent VIII (1669). 5289:Arnaud, Henri (1710). 5272:Tuy, Lucas de (1613). 4904:. BRILL. p. 192. 4131: 4077: 4065: 3931: 3873: 3837: 3741: 3699:(1750) (authored with 3675: 3663:Primitive Christianity 3554:concerning an alleged 3494: 3432:Spiritual Christianity 2808:(hazelnut chocolate). 2769: 2668: 2641: 2631: 2491: 2459:Pierre Robert Olivétan 2357:Fourth Lateran Council 2340: 2332: 2245:They were also called 2017: 1934: 1908: 1904:Will of Stefano d'Anse 1887: 1874: 1126:16th century in poetry 929:German Renaissance Art 909:Painting and sculpture 11255:Christian terminology 10139:Reformed epistemology 10081:Third Great Awakening 10051:Seventh-day Adventist 9972:First Great Awakening 9845:Book of Common Prayer 9639:Protestant work ethic 9182:Independent Catholics 9133:Monastery dissolution 8516:Positive Christianity 7801:Comba, Emilio (1978) 7780:Cameron, Euan (2001) 7720:The Early Anabaptists 7508:Harold B. Lee Library 7489:Stoke, Diane (1985). 7305:"Valdenses no Brasil" 7185:Valdese, OPM-Tavola. 7174:GAW Waldenser entries 6757:The Great Controversy 6432:Catholic Encyclopedia 6350:Catholic Encyclopedia 5883:Wylie, J. A. (1888). 5863:Catholic Encyclopedia 5844:Annales ecclesiastici 5620:Catholic Encyclopedia 5580:Unattributed (1524). 5368:Comba, Emilio (1978) 5331:Catholic Encyclopedia 4364:Catholic Encyclopedia 4294:John Charles Beckwith 4125: 4072:Arnaud's fountain in 4071: 4059: 4038:From This Day Forward 3917: 3901:department of Colonia 3863: 3848:and, since 2010, the 3756:). Subsequently, the 3738:San Giovanni in Conca 3735: 3723:Waldensians by region 3629:Seventh-day Adventist 3567:Baptist Successionism 3548:Baptist successionism 3489: 2862:Further information: 2835:and politicians like 2821:William Stephen Gilly 2767: 2666: 2636: 2621: 2598:In January 1655, the 2516:Jean Maynier d'Oppède 2486: 2433:When the news of the 2392:Alberto de' Capitanei 2338: 2329:Le champion des dames 2322: 1891:by Durando d'Osca (c. 1865: 1534:Simultaneous rise of 1446:Book of Common Prayer 1246:Scottish church music 1232:Anglican church music 713:Gaspard II de Coligny 688:Henry VIII of England 492:Peter Martyr Vermigli 53:Lux lucet in tenebris 11260:Christian radicalism 11140:Jistebnice hymn book 11031:Bohemian Reformation 10973:Mikuláš of Pelhřimov 10778:Gottschalk of Orbais 10442:German Peasants' War 10345:Old Order Mennonites 9962:Edicts of toleration 9771:Three Forms of Unity 9536:Bohemian Reformation 9109:Catholic Reformation 8966:Roman state religion 8785:Council of Jerusalem 7510:Digital Collections. 6079:I), Claudiana, Turin 5597:Blair, Adam (1832). 5407:10.1093/pastj/gtl004 5237:Leger, Jean (1669). 5203:Minahan, J. (2002). 4632:. Fordham University 4492:on 23 September 2015 4460:on 23 September 2015 4299:Luserna San Giovanni 3556:continuous tradition 3119:Crypto-Protestantism 3056:Bohemian Reformation 2914:Bohemian reformation 2540:Massacre of Mérindol 2479:Massacre of Mérindol 1986:universal priesthood 1916:1206–1208); and the 1895:1187–1200); and the 1709:Western Christianity 1525:Protestant orthodoxy 1498:Whole Book of Psalms 1462:Book of Common Order 1330:Ecclesiastical Latin 883:German Peasants' War 435:Protestant Reformers 365:Northern Renaissance 360:Bohemian Reformation 344:Contributing factors 248:Gottschalk of Orbais 11095:Peace of Kutná Hora 11009:Girolamo Savonarola 10745:Proto-Protestantism 10512:Freedom of religion 10507:Christian communism 10279:Radical Reformation 10134:Liberation theology 10041:Jehovah's Witnesses 9874:Radical Reformation 9602:Resistance theories 9489:Christian mysticism 9484:Early Scholasticism 9196:Ecclesial community 9094:Counter-Reformation 8959:Constantinian shift 8484:Jehovah's Witnesses 8356:Spanish Adoptionism 7849:Wylie, James Aitken 7248:Il Fatto Quotidiano 6164:. Scarecrow Press. 5986:"Milton: Sonnet 18" 5736:(26 October 2011). 5309:38(2), pp. 200–225. 4330:Macy, Gary (1984). 4279:Proto-Protestantism 4158:), Walldorf (today 4018:Presbyterian Church 3987:Uruguayan Civil War 3979:Monett congregation 3967:Rochester, New York 3846:ordination of women 3644:seventh-day Sabbath 3357:Confessing Movement 3097:Augsburg Confession 3051:Proto-Protestantism 2785:Italian unification 2414:or south to Italy. 1530:Peace of Westphalia 1521:Confessionalization 1325:Liturgical Struggle 1251:Normative principle 830:Holy Roman Emperors 779:Counter-Reformation 230:Girolamo Savonarola 11112:Piedmontese Easter 10889:Marsilius of Padua 10657:Balthasar Hubmaier 10579:Believer's baptism 10476:Old Order Movement 10355:Russian Mennonites 10208:Oriental Orthodoxy 9851:King James Version 9663:Ninety-five Theses 9459:Apostolic Brethren 9233:Church of the East 9228:Oriental Orthodoxy 9074:Crusading movement 8594:Early Christianity 8051:Antidicomarianites 7603:Charlotte Observer 7535:on 21 October 2013 7528:Christianity Today 7294:Cal y Canto, 1994. 7223:. 7 September 2010 7197:on 12 January 2019 6845:Audisio, Gabriel. 6623:"Lateran 4 – 1215" 6508:Historical Studies 6461:Garrett, James Leo 6448:at Verona in 1184. 6426:Weber, N. (1912). 6344:Weber, N. (1912). 6121:London: J. Murray. 5398:Past & Present 5158:www.britannica.com 5057:www.britannica.com 5007:www.britannica.com 4982:www.britannica.com 4748:Historical Studies 4538:www.waldensian.org 4358:Weber, N. (1912). 4309:Waldensian valleys 4160:Mörfelden-Walldorf 4132: 4078: 4066: 3932: 3874: 3830:eight per thousand 3742: 3614:James Aitken Wylie 3537:Eberard de Béthune 3495: 3342:Augsburg Catholics 3309:Eastern Protestant 3091:Ninety-five Theses 2984:Anti-Protestantism 2770: 2742:League of Augsburg 2709:Waldensian pastor 2669: 2632: 2590:Piedmontese Easter 2547:freedom to worship 2492: 2423:Bishop of Mauriana 2341: 2333: 2152:Pope Alexander III 2027:), written in the 1875: 1858:Historical sources 1768:Heinrich Bullinger 1435:Thomissøn's hymnal 1237:Exclusive psalmody 993:Metaphysical poets 915:Northern Mannerism 905:Art and literature 818:Anti-Protestantism 754:Electors of Saxony 718:Henry IV of France 708:William the Silent 631:Sweden and Finland 522:Balthasar Hubmaier 487:Heinrich Bullinger 447:Philip Melanchthon 380:Johannes Gutenberg 370:Christian humanism 312:Ninety-five Theses 180:Ninety-five Theses 51:Waldensian symbol 27:Christian movement 11197: 11196: 11145:Ecclesiae Regimen 11102:Mérindol massacre 11090:Compacts of Basel 11068: 11067: 10983:Johannes von Goch 10942: 10941: 10884:Matthias of Janov 10874:Milíč of Kroměříž 10864:Arnold of Brescia 10858:Henry of Lausanne 10817: 10816: 10788:Berengar of Tours 10773:Claudius of Turin 10711: 10710: 10662:Bernhard Rothmann 10502:Church discipline 10447:Münster rebellion 10309:Congregationalism 10226: 10225: 10203:Eastern Orthodoxy 10071:Finnish Awakening 10026:Holiness movement 9967:Congregationalism 9926: 9925: 9786:Metrical psalters 9223:Eastern Orthodoxy 9167:Neo-Scholasticism 8874:Canon development 8775:Jewish Christians 8549: 8548: 8389:Consubstantiation 7797:978-0-631-22497-6 7773:Bost, Ami (1848) 7742:978-90-04-15454-4 7728:978-0-87486-192-1 7692:"Waldenserkirche" 7354:on 2 January 2009 7290:Geymonat, Roger. 7108:978-3-6316-0203-4 7088:978-3-5255-6539-1 6323:978-1-61097-970-2 6289:978-1-5017-0152-8 6255:978-90-04-24337-8 6228:978-1-4008-6749-3 6201:978-0-8018-7382-9 6171:978-0-8108-7365-0 6061:978-1-8577-6280-8 5913:978-0-5212-4344-5 5812:978-963-416-124-0 5787:978-1-4381-1038-7 5734:Blainey, Geoffrey 5718:978-0-521-55984-3 5653:978-1-02-236632-9 5378:978-0-4041-6119-4 5307:Romance Philology 5216:978-0-313-32384-3 4943:978-1-136-40513-6 4911:978-90-04-15454-4 4823:Montet, Edouard, 4806:Montet, Edouard, 4599:978-1-61904-906-2 4341:978-0-19-826669-3 4148:Nassau-Dillenburg 4086:Victor Amadeus II 3754:Statuto Albertino 3705:Johann Jacob Korn 3484: 3483: 3324:Nondenominational 3284:Plymouth Brethren 3176:Proto-Protestants 2774:French Revolution 2734:William of Orange 2680:revoked the 1598 2536:Bandes de Piémont 2465:and published at 2461:with the help of 2353:Pope Innocent III 2315:Catholic response 2302:Berengar of Tours 2298:Claudius of Turin 2286:Nicholas Eymerich 2119:Reformed churches 2050:sign of the cross 1979:voluntary poverty 1888:Liber antiheresis 1775:proto-Protestants 1756:Pope Innocent III 1733:apostolic poverty 1719:in what is today 1628: 1627: 1452:Metrical psalters 873:Eighty Years' War 863:Thirty Years' War 748:Philip I of Hesse 472:Andreas Karlstadt 282:Johannes von Goch 263:Berengar of Tours 258:Claudius of Turin 239:Arnold of Brescia 151: 150: 129:Holy Roman Empire 16:(Redirected from 11282: 11080:Oldcastle Revolt 11024:Sects and groups 10951: 10950: 10898:Sects and groups 10835: 10834: 10825: 10797:Sects and groups 10756: 10755: 10738: 10731: 10724: 10715: 10714: 10703: 10702: 10584:Closed communion 10377:Amish Mennonites 10304:Zwickau prophets 10299:German mysticism 10253: 10246: 10239: 10230: 10229: 9645: 9644: 9032:Non-Chalcedonian 9013:Constantinople I 8805:General epistles 8800:Pauline epistles 8780:Paul the Apostle 8758:Great Commission 8576: 8569: 8562: 8553: 8552: 8539: 8538: 8521:Reincarnationism 8261: 8244:Subordinationism 8229:Pneumatomachians 8160:Melchisedechians 7996: 7989: 7982: 7973: 7972: 7964: 7963: 7952: 7951: 7950: 7940: 7939: 7938: 7928: 7927: 7926: 7916: 7915: 7907: 7822: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7646:. 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Deaths in the 2509: 2503: 2452: 2394:, archdeacon of 2388:Id Nostri Cordis 2377:Pope Benedict XI 2288:famous work the 2275:Melchior Goldast 2214: 2183:for the moment. 2156:Reinerius Saccho 2068:Reinerius Saccho 2058:The Noble Lesson 2025:The Noble Lesson 2022: 2019:La nobla leyczon 1964:The fall of man; 1937: 1923: 1915: 1911: 1894: 1890: 1787: 1707:movement within 1690: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1634:, also known as 1620: 1613: 1606: 1558:Luther Monuments 1553:Reformation Wall 1523:with subsequent 1487:Scottish Psalter 1401:Lutheran hymnals 1302:Calvin's liturgy 1297:Reformed worship 1218:Lutheran chorale 1061:Bohorič alphabet 893:Schmalkaldic War 791:Council of Trent 766:John Frederick I 665:Poland-Lithuania 542:Jacobus Arminius 452:Huldrych Zwingli 375:German mysticism 176: 153: 152: 65:Proto-Protestant 49: 37: 36: 21: 11290: 11289: 11285: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11279: 11200: 11199: 11198: 11193: 11192: 11177: 11161: 11118: 11064: 11019: 10993:Wessel Gansfort 10938: 10893: 10826: 10813: 10792: 10747: 10742: 10712: 10707: 10697: 10691: 10642:Michael Sattler 10637:Pilgram Marpeck 10619: 10613: 10562: 10485: 10430: 10367:New Order Amish 10313: 10294:Moravian Church 10262: 10257: 10227: 10222: 10172: 10159:Christian right 10061:Oxford Movement 10036:Restorationists 10007: 9922: 9855: 9790: 9741:Presbyterianism 9712: 9692:Book of Concord 9643: 9567: 9565: 9557: 9324: 9214: 9207: 9043: 8942: 8934: 8893:Clement of Rome 8823: 8816: 8720: 8714: 8603: 8585: 8580: 8550: 8545: 8533: 8525: 8450: 8376:Early modernity 8370: 8262: 8253: 8222:Semipelagianism 8212:Patripassianism 8010: 8000: 7970: 7958: 7948: 7946: 7936: 7934: 7924: 7922: 7910: 7902: 7882:, North America 7876: 7715: 7713:Further reading 7710: 7700: 7698: 7690: 7689: 7685: 7675: 7673: 7667: 7663: 7653: 7651: 7642: 7641: 7637: 7627: 7625: 7616: 7615: 7611: 7596: 7595: 7591: 7581: 7579: 7574: 7573: 7569: 7559: 7557: 7552: 7551: 7547: 7538: 7536: 7519: 7515: 7495: 7487: 7483: 7474: 7472: 7431: 7427: 7405: 7399: 7395: 7385: 7383: 7374: 7373: 7366: 7357: 7355: 7342: 7341: 7337: 7328: 7324: 7314: 7312: 7309:Ensaios e Notas 7303: 7302: 7298: 7289: 7285: 7275: 7273: 7270:"South America" 7268: 7267: 7263: 7253: 7251: 7240: 7236: 7226: 7224: 7215: 7214: 7210: 7200: 7198: 7183: 7179: 7165: 7161: 7152: 7148: 7139: 7135: 7125: 7123: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7097: 7093: 7077: 7056: 7048: 7044: 7034: 7030: 7020: 7016: 7009: 7001: 6999: 6995: 6988: 6982: 6978: 6971: 6965: 6961: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6939: 6935: 6929:Wayback Machine 6917: 6913: 6876: 6872: 6857: 6853: 6844: 6840: 6824: 6820: 6804: 6800: 6784: 6783: 6769: 6765: 6752:White, Ellen G. 6749: 6745: 6729: 6725: 6715: 6713: 6708: 6707: 6703: 6693: 6691: 6684: 6680: 6671: 6667: 6658: 6654: 6645:The Middle Ages 6642: 6638: 6628: 6626: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6603: 6599: 6588: 6584: 6573: 6569: 6558: 6554: 6541: 6537: 6524: 6520: 6503: 6499: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6458: 6454: 6446:excommunication 6437: 6435: 6424: 6420: 6403: 6399: 6389: 6387: 6373: 6369: 6355: 6353: 6342: 6338: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6308: 6304: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6274: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6256: 6240: 6236: 6229: 6213: 6209: 6202: 6186: 6179: 6172: 6156: 6152: 6142: 6140: 6131: 6130: 6126: 6113: 6109: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6087: 6083: 6076: 6070: 6066: 6050: 6046: 6036: 6034: 6033:. Regard.eu.org 6029: 6028: 6024: 6009: 6005: 5995: 5993: 5992:on 25 July 2008 5984: 5983: 5979: 5972: 5953: 5949: 5939: 5937: 5925: 5921: 5914: 5898: 5894: 5881: 5877: 5867: 5865: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5839: 5835: 5824: 5820: 5813: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5772: 5768: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5730: 5726: 5719: 5705: 5701: 5691: 5689: 5676: 5675: 5671: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5614: 5613: 5609: 5595: 5591: 5578: 5574: 5560: 5556: 5543: 5539: 5526: 5522: 5508: 5504: 5485: 5478: 5464: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5441: 5435: 5431: 5392:(August 2006). 5387: 5383: 5367: 5363: 5356: 5350: 5346: 5336: 5334: 5325: 5324: 5313: 5304: 5300: 5287: 5283: 5270: 5266: 5253: 5249: 5235: 5231: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5201: 5197: 5188: 5184: 5176: 5172: 5162: 5160: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5135: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5112: 5110: 5100: 5096: 5089: 5075: 5071: 5061: 5059: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5036: 5034: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5011: 5009: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4986: 4984: 4976: 4975: 4968: 4955: 4951: 4944: 4928: 4919: 4912: 4898: 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2682:Edict of Nantes 2674: 2646:Oliver Cromwell 2624:Samuel Moreland 2612: 2608: 2596: 2588:Main articles: 2586: 2584:Piedmont Easter 2576: 2573:Edict of Nantes 2568: 2507: 2501: 2481: 2475: 2450: 2447:Anthony Saunier 2431: 2417:The theologian 2349:Pope Lucius III 2345:Synod of Verona 2317: 2212: 2189:Catholic Church 2136: 2131: 2123:Guillaume Farel 1948: 1921: 1913: 1892: 1860: 1852:inter-religious 1781: 1744:Catholic Church 1676: 1643: 1639: 1624: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1572:Reformation Day 1562: 1513: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1492: 1480:Genevan Psalter 1474: 1469:Souterliedekens 1456: 1440: 1422: 1404: 1381: 1371: 1357: 1353:Paraphrase mass 1344: 1334: 1320: 1306: 1287: 1273: 1255: 1241: 1227: 1213: 1199: 1186: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1135: 1121: 1112: 1103: 1089: 1065: 1026: 1002: 966: 952: 938: 924: 906: 898: 897: 858: 848: 847: 846: 827: 813: 804: 795: 786:Catholic Church 780: 772: 771: 770: 738:Gustav II Adolf 733:Gabriel Bethlen 728:Stephen Bocskai 723:Jeanne d'Albret 698:Oliver Cromwell 683: 675: 674: 567: 559: 558: 502:François Hotman 482:George Buchanan 467:William Tyndale 437: 427: 426: 407: 399: 398: 394:Johann Reuchlin 345: 337: 336: 307: 297: 296: 272:Wessel Gansfort 198: 188: 146:Catholic Church 119: 56: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11288: 11278: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11195: 11194: 11191: 11190: 11183: 11182: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11175: 11169: 11167: 11163: 11162: 11160: 11159: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11130:Wycliffe Bible 11126: 11124: 11120: 11119: 11117: 11116: 11115: 11114: 11104: 11099: 11098: 11097: 11092: 11082: 11076: 11074: 11070: 11069: 11066: 11065: 11063: 11062: 11055: 11054: 11053: 11051:Czech Brethren 11048: 11043: 11038: 11027: 11025: 11021: 11020: 11018: 11017: 11015:Luke of Prague 11012: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10978:Petr Chelčický 10975: 10970: 10963: 10957: 10955: 10948: 10944: 10943: 10940: 10939: 10937: 10936: 10929: 10927:Friends of God 10924: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10901: 10899: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10854: 10851:Peter of Bruys 10847: 10841: 10839: 10832: 10828: 10827: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10814: 10812: 10811: 10806: 10800: 10798: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10762: 10760: 10753: 10749: 10748: 10741: 10740: 10733: 10726: 10718: 10709: 10708: 10696: 10693: 10692: 10690: 10689: 10684: 10682:Alexander Mack 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10623: 10621: 10615: 10614: 10612: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10570: 10568: 10564: 10563: 10561: 10560: 10557:Sola scriptura 10553: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10517:Great Apostasy 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10493: 10491: 10487: 10486: 10484: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10453:Martyrs Mirror 10449: 10444: 10438: 10436: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10428: 10426:Peace churches 10423: 10418: 10413: 10412: 10411: 10406: 10399:River Brethren 10396: 10391: 10389:Schwenkfelders 10386: 10381: 10380: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10359: 10358: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10325:Swiss Brethren 10321: 10319: 10315: 10314: 10312: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10289:Petr Chelčický 10286: 10281: 10276: 10270: 10268: 10264: 10263: 10256: 10255: 10248: 10241: 10233: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10194: 10193: 10188: 10177: 10174: 10173: 10171: 10170: 10165: 10156: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10124:Pentecostalism 10121: 10119:Jesus movement 10116: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10017: 10015: 10009: 10008: 10006: 10005: 9996: 9995: 9994: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9958: 9957: 9947: 9942: 9936: 9934: 9928: 9927: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9920: 9913: 9910:Martyrs Mirror 9906: 9901: 9896: 9894:Martyrs' Synod 9891: 9886: 9884:Swiss Brethren 9881: 9876: 9871: 9865: 9863: 9857: 9856: 9854: 9853: 9848: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9800: 9798: 9792: 9791: 9789: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9722: 9720: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9688: 9683: 9682: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9653: 9651: 9642: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9629:Law and Gospel 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9605: 9604: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9573: 9571: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9555: 9554: 9553: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9517: 9516: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9420: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9384: 9383: 9382: 9381: 9380: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9334: 9332: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9310:Ottoman Empire 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9261: 9260: 9255: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9219: 9217: 9209: 9208: 9206: 9205: 9200: 9199: 9198: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9124: 9123: 9122: 9121: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9070: 9069: 9064: 9053: 9051: 9045: 9044: 9042: 9041: 9039:Biblical canon 9036: 9035: 9034: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8994: 8993: 8988: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8962: 8961: 8950: 8948: 8940:Late antiquity 8936: 8935: 8933: 8932: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8888:Church Fathers 8881: 8876: 8871: 8870: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8828: 8826: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8814: 8813: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8761: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8730: 8724: 8722: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8611: 8609: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8601: 8596: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8579: 8578: 8571: 8564: 8556: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8543: 8530: 8527: 8526: 8524: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8512: 8511: 8506: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8479:Indifferentism 8476: 8471: 8466: 8460: 8458: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8448: 8443: 8442: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8380: 8378: 8372: 8371: 8369: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8286:Bosnian Church 8283: 8278: 8272: 8270: 8264: 8263: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8251: 8249:Valentinianism 8246: 8241: 8236: 8234:Psilanthropism 8231: 8226: 8225: 8224: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8183: 8182: 8177: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8136: 8135: 8133:Valentinianism 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8113:Priscillianism 8110: 8105: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8078:Collyridianism 8075: 8074: 8073: 8071:Circumcellions 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8047: 8046: 8041: 8031: 8026: 8020: 8018: 8012: 8011: 7999: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7976: 7969: 7968: 7956: 7944: 7932: 7920: 7898: 7897: 7892: 7883: 7875: 7874:External links 7872: 7871: 7870: 7846: 7839: 7826:Muston, Alexis 7823: 7812: 7799: 7778: 7771: 7758: 7744: 7730: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7708: 7683: 7661: 7650:on 1 June 2017 7635: 7609: 7589: 7567: 7545: 7513: 7481: 7471:on 1 July 2013 7425: 7393: 7364: 7335: 7322: 7296: 7283: 7261: 7234: 7208: 7177: 7159: 7146: 7133: 7111: 7091: 7054: 7042: 7028: 7014: 6993: 6976: 6959: 6933: 6911: 6870: 6851: 6838: 6827:Andrews, J. N. 6818: 6807:Andrews, J. N. 6798: 6763: 6743: 6723: 6701: 6678: 6665: 6652: 6636: 6614: 6597: 6582: 6567: 6562:Martyrs Mirror 6552: 6535: 6518: 6497: 6491:Unitas Fratrum 6475: 6452: 6418: 6397: 6367: 6336: 6322: 6302: 6288: 6268: 6254: 6234: 6227: 6207: 6200: 6177: 6170: 6150: 6139:. 22 June 2015 6124: 6107: 6094: 6081: 6064: 6044: 6022: 6003: 5977: 5970: 5947: 5919: 5912: 5892: 5875: 5850: 5833: 5818: 5811: 5793: 5786: 5766: 5748: 5724: 5717: 5699: 5669: 5652: 5632: 5607: 5589: 5572: 5554: 5537: 5520: 5502: 5476: 5458: 5446: 5429: 5381: 5361: 5344: 5311: 5298: 5281: 5264: 5247: 5229: 5215: 5195: 5182: 5170: 5145: 5120: 5094: 5087: 5069: 5044: 5019: 4994: 4966: 4949: 4942: 4917: 4910: 4892: 4863: 4848:. Medievalists 4833: 4816: 4799: 4796:. p. 129. 4782: 4758: 4737: 4719: 4710: 4685: 4660: 4657:. Henry Hills. 4643: 4621: 4605: 4598: 4574: 4550: 4525: 4503: 4471: 4445: 4436: 4423: 4395: 4381: 4347: 4340: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4284:Restorationism 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4245: 4231:Petr Chelčický 4227: 4222: 4215: 4212: 4172:Charlottenberg 4053: 4050: 4035:, have staged 3944:New Netherland 3911: 3908: 3857: 3854: 3838:otto per mille 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3636:Great Apostasy 3632:Ellen G. White 3605:Martyrs Mirror 3482: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3471: 3464: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3439: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3387:Fundamentalism 3384: 3382:Evangelicalism 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3279:Stone-Campbell 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3213:Congregational 3210: 3205: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3172: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3158: 3157: 3156: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3124:Nonconformists 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3100: 3099: 3094: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3060: 3059: 3058: 3047: 3042: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2951: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2932: 2929: 2925:Jacob of Miles 2918:Petr Chelčický 2905: 2902: 2859: 2856: 2817:Gospel of John 2761: 2758: 2673: 2670: 2658:Joshua Janavel 2585: 2582: 2553:in 1562–1598. 2477:Main article: 2474: 2471: 2430: 2427: 2386:issued a bull 2316: 2313: 2243: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2197:ecclesiastical 2191:declared them 2181:excommunicated 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2100: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 1990: 1989: 1982: 1975: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1955: 1947: 1944: 1859: 1856: 1848:social justice 1844:Northern Italy 1811:. In 1975, it 1760:Poor Catholics 1735:as the way to 1626: 1625: 1623: 1622: 1615: 1608: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1568: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1532: 1527: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1493: 1491: 1490: 1483: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1465: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1441: 1439: 1438: 1431: 1428:Swenske songer 1423: 1421: 1420: 1413: 1405: 1403: 1402: 1387: 1380: 1379: 1372: 1370: 1369: 1358: 1356: 1355: 1345: 1343: 1342: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1316:Deutsche Messe 1313: 1311:Formula missae 1307: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1293: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1274: 1272: 1271: 1262: 1260:Anglican chant 1256: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1242: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1228: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1214: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1200: 1198: 1197: 1191: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1146: 1134: 1133: 1128: 1122: 1120: 1119: 1113: 1111: 1110: 1104: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1090: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1066: 1064: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1003: 1001: 1000: 995: 990: 984: 978: 977: 965: 964: 959: 953: 951: 950: 945: 939: 937: 936: 931: 925: 923: 922: 917: 911: 907: 904: 903: 900: 899: 896: 895: 890: 888:Wars of Kappel 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 859: 854: 853: 850: 849: 845: 844: 839: 833: 826: 825: 820: 814: 812: 811: 805: 803: 802: 796: 794: 793: 788: 782: 781: 778: 777: 774: 773: 769: 768: 763: 757: 751: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 703:James VI and I 700: 695: 690: 684: 681: 680: 677: 676: 673: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 574: 568: 565: 564: 561: 560: 557: 556: 549: 547:Roger Williams 544: 539: 537:Richard Hooker 534: 532:Thomas Cranmer 529: 524: 519: 517:Thomas Müntzer 514: 512:Hubert Languet 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 438: 433: 432: 429: 428: 425: 424: 419: 414: 408: 405: 404: 401: 400: 397: 396: 391: 386: 384:printing press 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 355:Avignon Papacy 352: 350:Western Schism 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 335: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 308: 303: 302: 299: 298: 295: 294: 289: 287:Friends of God 284: 279: 274: 269: 260: 255: 250: 245: 236: 227: 218: 209: 199: 194: 193: 190: 189: 177: 169: 168: 162: 161: 149: 148: 143: 141:Separated from 137: 136: 116: 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 82: 78: 77: 72: 68: 67: 62: 61:Classification 58: 57: 50: 42: 41: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11287: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11210:Waldensianism 11208: 11207: 11205: 11188: 11185: 11184: 11180: 11174: 11171: 11170: 11168: 11164: 11158: 11157: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11135:Hussite Bible 11133: 11131: 11128: 11127: 11125: 11121: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11077: 11075: 11071: 11061: 11060: 11056: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11033: 11032: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11022: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11010: 11006: 11004: 11003:Lorenzo Valla 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10968: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10958: 10956: 10952: 10949: 10945: 10935: 10934: 10933:Petrobrusians 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10922: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10896: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10879:John Wycliffe 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10859: 10855: 10853: 10852: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10842: 10840: 10836: 10833: 10829: 10824: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10801: 10799: 10795: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10768: 10764: 10763: 10761: 10757: 10754: 10750: 10746: 10739: 10734: 10732: 10727: 10725: 10720: 10719: 10716: 10706: 10701: 10694: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10632:Conrad Grebel 10630: 10628: 10625: 10624: 10622: 10616: 10610: 10609:Simple living 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10571: 10569: 10565: 10559: 10558: 10554: 10552: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10532:Nonresistance 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10494: 10492: 10488: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10471: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10454: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10433: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10401: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10364: 10363: 10360: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10342: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10316: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10271: 10269: 10265: 10261: 10254: 10249: 10247: 10242: 10240: 10235: 10234: 10231: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10213:Protestantism 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10183: 10182: 10179: 10178: 10175: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10160: 10157: 10154: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10114: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10086:Azusa Revival 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10066:Laestadianism 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10018: 10016: 10014: 10010: 10004: 10003:Old Lutherans 10000: 9997: 9993: 9990: 9989: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9956: 9953: 9952: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9937: 9935: 9933: 9929: 9919: 9918: 9914: 9912: 9911: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9862: 9858: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9846: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9793: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9715: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9693: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9669:Diet of Worms 9667: 9665: 9664: 9660: 9659: 9658: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9650: 9646: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9603: 9600: 9599: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9574: 9572: 9570: 9569:Protestantism 9564: 9560: 9552: 9549: 9548: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9515: 9512: 9511: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9389: 9388: 9385: 9379: 9376: 9375: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9355: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9331: 9327: 9321: 9320:North America 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9250: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9210: 9204: 9201: 9197: 9194: 9193: 9192: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9059: 9058: 9055: 9054: 9052: 9050: 9046: 9040: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9026: 9025: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8983: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8960: 8957: 8956: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8941: 8937: 8931: 8930:Early African 8928: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8913:Justin Martyr 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8890: 8889: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8819: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8735: 8734: 8733:Life of Jesus 8731: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8721:Apostolic Age 8717: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8612: 8610: 8606: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8591: 8588: 8584: 8577: 8572: 8570: 8565: 8563: 8558: 8557: 8554: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8531: 8528: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8453: 8447: 8444: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8421: 8420: 8419:Protestantism 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8384:Antinomianism 8382: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8373: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8265: 8260: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8223: 8220: 8219: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8192:Monothelitism 8190: 8188: 8187:Monophysitism 8185: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8172: 8171: 8170:Monarchianism 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8150:Macedonianism 8148: 8146: 8145:Luciferianism 8143: 8141: 8138: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8100: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8072: 8069: 8068: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8045: 8044:Semi-Arianism 8042: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8021: 8019: 8017: 8013: 8008: 8004: 7997: 7992: 7990: 7985: 7983: 7978: 7977: 7974: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7955: 7945: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7921: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7908: 7905: 7900: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7887: 7884: 7881: 7878: 7877: 7868: 7864: 7861: 7860:1-57258-185-9 7857: 7854: 7850: 7847: 7844: 7840: 7838: 7837:0-404-16140-5 7834: 7831: 7827: 7824: 7820: 7819: 7813: 7811: 7810:0-404-16119-7 7807: 7804: 7800: 7798: 7794: 7790: 7789:0-631-22497-1 7786: 7783: 7779: 7776: 7772: 7770: 7769:9789004420410 7766: 7763: 7759: 7757: 7756:0-521-55984-7 7753: 7749: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7729: 7725: 7721: 7717: 7716: 7697: 7693: 7687: 7672: 7665: 7649: 7645: 7639: 7623: 7619: 7613: 7605: 7604: 7599: 7593: 7577: 7571: 7555: 7549: 7534: 7530: 7529: 7524: 7517: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7494: 7493: 7485: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7429: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7412: 7404: 7397: 7381: 7377: 7371: 7369: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7339: 7332: 7329:Morris, Ira. 7326: 7310: 7306: 7300: 7293: 7287: 7271: 7265: 7249: 7245: 7238: 7222: 7218: 7212: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7181: 7175: 7172: 7168: 7163: 7156: 7150: 7143: 7137: 7121: 7115: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7095: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7052: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7018: 7007: 6997: 6986: 6980: 6969: 6963: 6946: 6945: 6937: 6930: 6926: 6923: 6922: 6915: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6882: 6874: 6867: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6842: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6822: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6802: 6794: 6788: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6767: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6747: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6727: 6711: 6705: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6669: 6662: 6656: 6650: 6646: 6640: 6624: 6618: 6610: 6609: 6601: 6595: 6592: at the 6591: 6586: 6579: 6578: 6571: 6563: 6556: 6548: 6547: 6539: 6531: 6530: 6522: 6514: 6510: 6509: 6501: 6494: 6492: 6478: 6476:9780881461299 6472: 6468: 6467: 6462: 6456: 6449: 6447: 6433: 6429: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6409: 6401: 6385: 6381: 6380: 6371: 6364: 6351: 6347: 6340: 6325: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6306: 6291: 6285: 6281: 6280: 6272: 6257: 6251: 6247: 6246: 6238: 6230: 6224: 6220: 6219: 6211: 6203: 6197: 6193: 6192: 6184: 6182: 6173: 6167: 6163: 6162: 6154: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6120: 6119: 6111: 6098: 6091: 6085: 6074: 6068: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6017: 6013: 6007: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5973: 5971:9780923309305 5967: 5963: 5962: 5957: 5951: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5923: 5915: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5896: 5888: 5887: 5879: 5864: 5860: 5854: 5846: 5845: 5837: 5829: 5822: 5814: 5808: 5804: 5797: 5789: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5770: 5763: 5751: 5749:9780857962553 5745: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5728: 5720: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5673: 5666: 5655: 5649: 5645: 5644: 5636: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5603: 5602: 5593: 5585: 5584: 5576: 5568: 5567: 5558: 5550: 5549: 5541: 5533: 5532: 5524: 5516: 5515: 5506: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5483: 5481: 5472: 5471: 5462: 5456: 5450: 5439: 5433: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5400:(192): 3–33. 5399: 5395: 5391: 5390:Biller, Peter 5385: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5365: 5354: 5348: 5332: 5328: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5308: 5302: 5294: 5293: 5285: 5277: 5276: 5268: 5260: 5259: 5251: 5243: 5242: 5233: 5218: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5199: 5192: 5186: 5179: 5174: 5159: 5155: 5149: 5134: 5130: 5124: 5109: 5105: 5098: 5090: 5088:9789004154544 5084: 5080: 5073: 5058: 5054: 5048: 5033: 5029: 5023: 5008: 5004: 4998: 4983: 4979: 4973: 4971: 4962: 4961: 4953: 4945: 4939: 4936:. Routledge. 4935: 4934: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4913: 4907: 4903: 4896: 4881: 4877: 4870: 4868: 4860: 4847: 4840: 4838: 4826: 4820: 4809: 4803: 4795: 4794: 4786: 4780: 4771:, no. 2 (dic. 4768: 4762: 4754: 4750: 4749: 4741: 4733: 4732: 4723: 4714: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4681: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4664: 4656: 4655: 4647: 4631: 4625: 4618: 4612: 4610: 4601: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4586: 4578: 4563: 4557: 4555: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4513: 4507: 4488: 4481: 4475: 4459: 4455: 4449: 4440: 4433: 4427: 4420: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4391: 4385: 4378: 4365: 4361: 4354: 4352: 4343: 4337: 4333: 4326: 4324: 4319: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4187:Oberderdingen 4184: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4156:Ober-Ramstadt 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4129: 4124: 4120: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4105:Landeskirchen 4101: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4090:Duke of Savoy 4087: 4083: 4076:(Württemberg) 4075: 4070: 4063: 4058: 4049: 4047: 4042: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4021: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3949: 3948:Staten Island 3945: 3941: 3937: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3910:United States 3907: 3904: 3902: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3878:Jacinto Aráuz 3871: 3867: 3862: 3856:South America 3853: 3852:are allowed. 3851: 3847: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3791:Theophil Wurm 3788: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3739: 3734: 3720: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3627:Still later, 3625: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3598:writers like 3597: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3505: 3501: 3492: 3488: 3477: 3472: 3470: 3465: 3463: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3454: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3427:Progressivism 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3417:New Calvinism 3415: 3413: 3412:Neo-orthodoxy 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3367:Church Growth 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3208:Presbyterians 3206: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3165: 3164: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3085:Martin Luther 3083: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3040: 3039: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2949: 2948:Protestantism 2946: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2936: 2928: 2926: 2921: 2919: 2916:, especially 2915: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2865: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2833:Italo Calvino 2830: 2826: 2825:Torre Pellice 2822: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2793:Jacinto Aráuz 2790: 2786: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2766: 2757: 2753: 2751: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2665: 2661: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2640: 2635: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2616: 2604: 2601: 2600:Duke of Savoy 2595: 2591: 2581: 2574: 2571:IV, with the 2565: 2563: 2559: 2558:John Wycliffe 2554: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2505: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2448: 2444: 2443:William Farel 2439: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2384:Innocent VIII 2382:In 1487 Pope 2380: 2378: 2374: 2373:briefly ruled 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2337: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2312: 2310: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2266:Jacob Gretser 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2182: 2176: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2140: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2046:Lord's Prayer 2043: 2039: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2020: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1987: 1984:Perhaps, the 1983: 1980: 1977:The value of 1976: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1943: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1919: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1898: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1688: 1637: 1633: 1621: 1616: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1602: 1601: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1594:Protestantism 1592: 1591: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1567: 1566: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1547: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1509: 1508: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1386: 1385: 1377: 1374: 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390: 387: 385: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 347: 341: 340: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 317:Diet of Worms 315: 313: 310: 309: 306: 301: 300: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 240: 237: 235: 231: 228: 226: 222: 219: 217: 213: 212:John Wycliffe 210: 208: 204: 201: 200: 197: 192: 191: 186: 185:Martin Luther 183:, written by 182: 181: 175: 171: 170: 167: 164: 163: 159: 155: 154: 147: 144: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 117: 113: 110: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 76: 73: 69: 66: 63: 59: 54: 48: 43: 38: 33: 32:SS Waldensian 19: 11186: 11154: 11085:Hussite Wars 11057: 11007: 10965: 10947:1400–1500 AD 10931: 10919: 10909: 10856: 10849: 10831:1100–1400 AD 10809:Berengarians 10765: 10677:Jakob Ammann 10672:Menno Simons 10667:Dirk Philips 10652:Jakob Hutter 10589:Foot washing 10555: 10468: 10451: 10384:Abecedarians 10372:Beachy Amish 10335:Batenburgers 10283: 10129:Charismatics 10112: 10091:Gospel music 10021:Camp meeting 10013:1789–present 9945:Missionaries 9915: 9908: 9899:Menno Simons 9843: 9839:Church music 9690: 9661: 9546:Conciliarism 9531:Papal Schism 9473: 9373:Scandinavian 9265:Great Schism 9243:Nestorianism 9215:Christianity 9147:priest holes 9028:Chalcedonian 8991:Christianity 8945:Great Church 8753:Resurrection 8509:Santa Muerte 8499:Narco-saints 8394:Febronianism 8365: 8311:Free Spirits 8296:Conciliarism 8239:Sabellianism 8202:Nestorianism 8108:Paulicianism 8029:Apollinarism 7918:Christianity 7899: 7863:online ebook 7852: 7842: 7829: 7817: 7802: 7781: 7774: 7761: 7747: 7733: 7719: 7699:. Retrieved 7695: 7686: 7674:. Retrieved 7669:Weidenmann. 7664: 7652:. Retrieved 7648:the original 7638: 7626:. Retrieved 7621: 7612: 7601: 7592: 7580:. Retrieved 7570: 7558:. Retrieved 7554:"Who We Are" 7548: 7537:, retrieved 7533:the original 7526: 7516: 7491: 7484: 7473:, retrieved 7469:the original 7444: 7438: 7428: 7415: 7409: 7396: 7384:. Retrieved 7379: 7356:, retrieved 7352:the original 7347: 7338: 7330: 7325: 7313:. Retrieved 7308: 7299: 7291: 7286: 7274:. Retrieved 7264: 7252:. Retrieved 7250:(in Italian) 7247: 7237: 7225:. Retrieved 7220: 7211: 7199:. Retrieved 7195:the original 7190: 7180: 7162: 7154: 7149: 7141: 7136: 7124:. Retrieved 7114: 7099: 7094: 7079: 7050: 7045: 7037: 7031: 7023: 7017: 7005: 6996: 6984: 6979: 6967: 6962: 6951:, retrieved 6943: 6936: 6920: 6914: 6885: 6881:Nova Religio 6879: 6873: 6865: 6854: 6846: 6841: 6831: 6821: 6811: 6801: 6773: 6766: 6756: 6746: 6736: 6732:Wylie, J. A. 6726: 6714:. Retrieved 6704: 6692:. 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Retrieved 4514:(in Spanish) 4506: 4494:. Retrieved 4487:the original 4474: 4462:. Retrieved 4458:the original 4448: 4439: 4431: 4430:E. Cameron, 4426: 4418: 4411:. Retrieved 4407: 4398: 4384: 4375: 4368:. Retrieved 4366:. New Advent 4363: 4331: 4263:Henri Arnaud 4208: 4191:Kleinvillars 4180: 4133: 4128:Neuhengstett 4102: 4082:Henri Arnaud 4079: 4062:Althengstett 4043: 4036: 4029: 4026: 4022: 4015: 4011: 4007:Lorenzo Snow 4000: 3971:Hunter, Utah 3952: 3933: 3905: 3898: 3875: 3827: 3821:to form the 3816: 3784: 3769: 3762: 3743: 3696: 3687:Jean Léger's 3682: 3671: 3667: 3652: 3626: 3609: 3603: 3579:Petrobusians 3564: 3545: 3540: 3534: 3521: 3519: 3508: 3496: 3490: 3347:Charismatics 3314:Pentecostals 3185: 3089: 3009:Ecclesiology 3004:Demographics 2922: 2907: 2882: 2867: 2852:Pope Francis 2845: 2810: 2791:in Uruguay, 2782: 2771: 2754: 2747: 2731: 2723: 2719: 2711:Henri Arnaud 2708: 2701: 2690: 2675: 2642: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2605: 2597: 2566: 2555: 2544: 2535: 2532:Italian Wars 2493: 2456: 2440: 2432: 2416: 2381: 2342: 2328: 2306: 2295: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2238: 2232: 2222: 2217: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2185: 2177: 2169: 2164:Henri Arnaud 2141: 2137: 2116: 2101: 2066: 2057: 2034: 2024: 2015: 1991: 1970:A denial of 1949: 1939: 1917: 1906:(1187); the 1903: 1901: 1896: 1882: 1876: 1850:, fostering 1837: 1819:to form the 1802: 1772: 1741: 1717:Cottian Alps 1713:Poor of Lyon 1712: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1635: 1631: 1629: 1564: 1563: 1545: 1544: 1515: 1496: 1485: 1478: 1467: 1460: 1444: 1433: 1426: 1415: 1408: 1396: 1390: 1383: 1382: 1289: 1288: 1283:Verse anthem 1278:Falsobordone 1188: 1137: 1136: 980: 979: 968: 967: 962:Beeldenstorm 920:Lutheran art 908: 842:Ferdinand II 829: 828: 753: 752: 552: 527:Menno Simons 462:Martin Bucer 327:Magisterials 322:Luther Bible 267:Berengarians 206: 178: 84:Theology of 52: 10921:Strigolniki 10910:Waldensians 10869:Peter Waldo 10752:400–1100 AD 10620:Anabaptists 10599:Plain dress 10574:Agape feast 10551:free church 10522:Memorialism 10284:Waldensians 10218:Catholicism 10155:Protestants 10149:Evangelical 9824:39 Articles 9819:Elizabethan 9796:Anglicanism 9776:Westminster 9686:Melanchthon 9649:Lutheranism 9614:Nicodemites 9592:Arminianism 9563:Reformation 9504:Bonaventure 9479:Inquisition 9474:Waldensians 9424:Investiture 9402:Kievan Rus' 9358:Anglo-Saxon 9338:Pelagianism 9330:Middle Ages 9253:Iconodulism 9128:Thomas More 9049:Catholicism 8971:Monasticism 8954:Constantine 8879:Persecution 8837:Adoptionism 8822:Ante-Nicene 8765:Holy Spirit 8748:Crucifixion 8719:Origins and 8620:2nd and 3rd 8464:Americanism 8439:Lutheranism 8429:Arminianism 8409:Josephinism 8399:Gallicanism 8366:Waldensians 8268:Middle Ages 8217:Pelagianism 8207:Novatianism 8103:Manichaeism 8039:Anomoeanism 8024:Adoptionism 7624:(in German) 7582:26 February 7560:26 February 7539:22 December 7475:22 December 7358:22 December 7126:26 February 6953:26 February 6716:26 February 6694:26 February 6629:26 February 6482:25 February 6428:"Waldenses" 6390:25 February 6346:"Waldenses" 6143:14 February 6037:26 February 5996:26 February 5940:16 November 5755:17 February 5692:29 February 5616:"Waldenses" 5517:(in Latin). 5337:26 February 5327:"Waldenses" 5138:11 November 5062:10 November 4810:, 1888, pp. 4751:. pp. 4636:26 February 4567:26 February 4404:"Waldenses" 4360:"Waldenses" 4304:Val Pellice 4252:Peter Waldo 4220:Peter Waldo 4164:Bad Homburg 4152:Württemberg 4098:Schönenberg 3975:Ogden, Utah 3808:Montbéliard 3804:Ludwigsburg 3770:During the 3690: [ 3677:Kulturkampf 3622:Middle Ages 3583:Pasaginians 3552:Landmarkism 3515:Constantine 3500:John Milton 3392:High church 3362:Convergence 3304:Keswickians 3232:Anabaptists 3203:Continental 3186:Waldensians 3139:John Wesley 3114:Arminianism 3109:John Calvin 3068:Magisterial 3063:Reformation 2874:John Calvin 2841:Valdo Spini 2738:L'Hermitage 2650:John Milton 2435:Reformation 2429:Reformation 2369:persecution 2309:Vigilantius 2255:Inzabbatati 2247:Insabbatati 2227:heresiarchs 2144:Peter Waldo 1926:Inquisition 1868:Peter Waldo 1782: [ 1752:Franciscans 1729:Peter Waldo 1632:Waldensians 1540:Rationalism 1349:Cyclic mass 1017:Anglo-Irish 988:Elizabethan 943:English art 934:Swedish art 693:Elizabeth I 606:Czech Lands 601:Netherlands 577:Switzerland 566:By location 553:Many others 457:John Calvin 207:Waldensians 203:Peter Waldo 166:Reformation 109:Peter Waldo 90:John Calvin 86:Peter Waldo 71:Orientation 40:Waldensians 11204:Categories 11123:Literature 10905:Arnoldists 10647:Hans Denck 10627:Felix Manz 10340:Mennonites 10330:Hutterites 10267:Background 10260:Anabaptism 9940:Revivalism 9861:Anabaptism 9809:Henry VIII 9634:Literature 9258:Iconoclasm 9238:Chrysostom 9191:Vatican II 9157:Jansenists 9143:Mass rocks 9079:Lateran IV 8998:Athanasius 8918:Tertullian 8862:Marcionism 8857:Gnosticism 8810:Revelation 8728:Background 8424:Anabaptism 8336:Josephines 8331:Impanation 8316:Henricians 8306:Fraticelli 8301:Dulcinians 8281:Bogomilism 8180:Modalistic 8175:Athinganoi 8155:Marcionism 8140:Iconoclasm 8128:Sethianism 8098:Gnosticism 6625:. Ewtn.com 6511:. p. 6438:28 January 6374:See also: 6356:28 January 5762:purgatory. 5625:5 November 5163:24 January 5012:22 January 4987:22 January 4859:Orthodoxy. 4827:, 1888, p. 4775:1885), pp. 4413:28 January 4370:28 January 4315:References 4225:Arnoldists 4183:Wiernsheim 3936:New Jersey 3600:van Braght 3587:Anabaptist 3575:Paulicians 3397:Liberalism 3264:Methodists 3247:Mennonites 3242:Hutterites 3225:Continuing 3129:Dissenters 3029:Five Solas 3024:Theologies 2896:, and the 2878:consistory 2772:After the 2520:parliament 2365:Strasbourg 2282:Inquisitor 2223:Sandaliati 2007:holy water 1999:pilgrimage 1897:Rescriptum 1866:Statue of 1842:region of 1764:Protestant 1737:perfection 1516:Conclusion 998:Propaganda 981:Literature 243:Arnoldists 196:Precursors 11046:Utraquism 11041:Taborites 10967:Jan Žižka 10783:Ratramnus 10567:Practices 10416:Bruderhof 10106:Ecumenism 10056:Adventism 10046:Mormonism 9982:Millerism 9977:Methodism 9932:1640–1789 9834:Civil War 9781:Orthodoxy 9736:Huguenots 9718:Calvinism 9703:Eucharist 9698:Orthodoxy 9582:Eucharist 9514:Five Ways 9464:Dulcinian 9417:Pomerania 9343:Gregory I 9187:Vatican I 9177:Modernism 9162:Molinists 9152:Guadalupe 9023:Chalcedon 9018:Ephesus I 9008:Augustine 8884:Apostolic 8867:Montanism 8832:Diversity 8608:Centuries 8494:Mormonism 8489:Modernism 8474:Feeneyism 8456:Modernity 8434:Calvinism 8414:Pantheism 8404:Jansenism 8361:Taborites 8351:Pasagians 8346:Migetians 8321:Humiliati 8291:Catharism 8276:Arnoldism 8197:Montanism 8118:Naassenes 8088:Ebionites 8056:Audianism 8016:Antiquity 7886:Waldenses 7867:Gutenberg 7851:(c.1860) 7465:193621954 7451:: 40–44, 6866:insabbati 6787:cite book 6031:"Janavel" 5958:(1996) . 5903:Francis I 5731:Compare: 5416:0031-2746 5222:11 August 4243:Hussitism 4199:Maulbronn 4168:Oberweser 4113:Huguenots 3950:in 1670. 3894:Argentina 3800:Maulbronn 3618:apostolic 3596:Mennonite 3562:onwards. 3532:in 1184. 3526:Lucius II 3402:Mainlines 3372:Ecumenism 3336:Movements 3289:Adventist 3220:Anglicans 3193:Lutherans 2994:Criticism 2904:Influence 2864:Calvinism 2801:Argentina 2750:Balsiglia 2678:Louis XIV 2467:Neuchâtel 2259:Sabotiers 2239:Novellani 2160:Sylvester 2112:mysticism 1972:purgatory 1946:Teachings 1825:Argentina 1815:with the 1790:Calvinist 1748:heretical 1693:Vallenses 1636:Waldenses 1546:Monuments 1290:Liturgies 1269:Polyphony 1265:Homophony 1209:Hymn tune 1094:Icelandic 1075:Norwegian 837:Charles V 823:Criticism 507:John Knox 305:Beginning 253:Ratramnus 18:Waldenses 11059:Piagnoni 11036:Hussites 10915:Lollardy 10845:Tanchelm 10767:Jovinian 10604:Shunning 10537:Pacifism 10490:Theology 10198:Theology 10186:Missions 10181:Timeline 10153:Mainline 10101:Pacifism 9950:Baptists 9869:Theology 9829:Puritans 9804:Timeline 9746:Scotland 9674:Theology 9521:Wycliffe 9469:Crusades 9444:Bogomils 9397:Bulgaria 9353:Germanic 9305:Ethiopia 9203:Timeline 8981:Nicaea I 8976:Councils 8908:Irenaeus 8903:Ignatius 8898:Polycarp 8852:Donatism 8847:Docetism 8842:Arianism 8743:Ministry 8446:Quietism 8341:Lollardy 8326:Hussites 8165:Modalism 8093:Euchites 8066:Donatism 8061:Docetism 8034:Arianism 7966:Religion 7701:30 April 7676:30 April 7654:30 April 7254:30 April 7201:15 March 7169:website 7012:93, 132. 6925:Archived 6734:(1882). 6329:10 March 6295:10 March 6261:10 March 5868:30 April 5470:revocata 5113:7 August 4703:7 August 4496:23 March 4464:23 March 4377:poverty. 4274:Lollards 4214:See also 4176:Savoyard 4117:Ötisheim 3940:Delaware 3715:II, the 3299:Holiness 3259:Baptists 3198:Reformed 3181:Hussites 3169:Branches 3134:Puritans 2978:Concepts 2940:a series 2938:Part of 2829:Florence 2806:gianduja 2797:La Pampa 2697:Piedmont 2686:Dauphiné 2676:In 1685 2524:Provence 2512:Provence 2496:sedition 2412:Provence 2404:Piedmont 2400:Dauphiné 2361:heretics 2233:Doctores 2193:heretics 1885:(1180); 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