1160:
2137:
300:
252:
36:
1264:, the First Nations people are working on a revival of Wendat language and culture. The language is being introduced in adult classes and into the village primary school. The Wendat linguist Megan Lukaniec has been instrumental in helping to create curriculum, infrastructure, and materials for Wendat language programs.
302:
306:
305:
301:
307:
417:
Significant differences between Wendat and
Wyandot in diachronic phonology, pronominal prefixes, and lexicon challenge the traditional view that Wyandot is modern Wendat. History suggests the roots of this language are complex; the ancestors of the Wyandot were refugees from various Huronian tribes
447:
The phonemic inventory of the consonants is written by using the orthography used by Kopris in his analysis, which was based on
Barbeau's transcriptions. The orthographic symbol is written in angled brackets where it differs from the IPA. Kopris listed places of articulation for the consonants but
304:
902:
Barbeau's original transcriptions contained great detail and a complex system of diacritics, resulting in 64 different vowel characters. By eliminating allophones, Kopris found six phonemes, in addition to the marginal phoneme
418:
who banded together to form one tribe. After being displaced from their ancestral home in Canada on
Georgian Bay, the group traveled south, first to Ohio and later to Kansas and Oklahoma. As many members of this group were
429:
to reconstruct
Wyandot; he developed a grammar and dictionary of the language. This work represents the most comprehensive research done on the Wyandot language as spoken in Oklahoma just prior to its extinction (or its
1259:
was reported in 2007 as being "the sole speaker" (non-native) of Wendat. Several Wendat scholars have master's degrees in Wendat language and have been active as linguists in the Wendat community in Quebec. In
1021:) occurring only in the first syllable of a word. Codas may consist of up to two consonants. This gives a maximal Wyandot syllable structure of CCCVCC, where C represent a consonant, and V represents a vowel.
369:
is offering
Wyandot language classes in the Wyandotte Public Schools grades K–4, at the Wyandotte Nation's preschool "Turtle-Tots" program in Oklahoma and has created online language lessons for self-study.
303:
2833:
1248:(an unrecognized non-profit organization that identifies as a Native American tribe) has been volunteering and teaching in the Wyandotte schools with the aid of the linguist Kopris.
398:, Wyandot became so differentiated as to be considered a distinct language. This change appears to have happened sometime between the mid-18th century, when the Jesuit missionary
1017:
A Wyandot syllable consists of a vowel as the nucleus, a coda, and an optional onset. Onset clusters of two consonants are possible, with a single triconsonantal cluster (
894:. Word-initial consonant clusters can be up to three consonants long, medial clusters up to four consonants long, and final clusters up to two consonants long.
1037:
representing a glottal stop. The majority of characters represent their IPA values, with a few exceptions. The fricatives /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ are indicated with a
361:
Wyandot essentially died out as a spoken language with the death of the last native speaker in 1972, though there are now attempts at revitalization:
2853:
1862:
1244:, are promoting the study of Wyandot as a second language among its people as part of a cultural revival. Since 2005, Richard Zane Smith of the
426:
2175:
1701:
2848:
261:
749:, according to researchers who phonetically transcribed directly from fluent speakers and described it as "corresponding to the English
2838:
2843:
1009:
Other analysis of the same
Barbeau data suggests that vowel length is contrastive in Wyandot, like in other Iroquoian languages.
350:, spoken by descendants of the Huron-Wendat Confederacy. It was last spoken, before its revival, by members located primarily in
2828:
2802:
830:
seems to indicate that the two are in the process of a phonemic split that was not yet complete by the early 20th century.
1855:
696:
671:
282:
2798:
2168:
1694:
847:
601:
2253:
993:
272:
17:
2733:
2141:
1848:
1092:
Wendat use a similar orthography, with some differences. Although based on the 17th-century orthography of the
2301:
1976:
855:
839:
613:
2657:
2637:
2161:
2084:
1687:
1179:
863:
594:
570:
1018:
979:
967:
664:
650:
618:
606:
2779:
2543:
2091:
941:
736:
645:
629:
422:, some scholars have suggested that Wyandot is more influenced by Petun than by its descent from Wendat.
1000:
716:
659:
529:
2203:
904:
880:
871:
869:
861:
853:
845:
837:
823:
815:
770:
762:
754:
742:
734:
726:
714:
706:
694:
682:
1829:
1245:
948:
376:
of Quebec is offering adult and children's classes in the Wendat language at its village school in
701:
in nearly all cases, but that cannot always explain its presence. The presence of a single voiced
395:
347:
2617:
2553:
882:
817:
756:
708:
547:
536:
358:, Canada. Linguists have traditionally considered Wyandot as a dialect or modern form of Wendat.
137:
2311:
2785:
2764:
2500:
2079:
2009:
1764:
1739:
399:
1887:
indicate extinct languages * indicates extinct language in
Oklahoma but still spoken elsewhere
1871:
1269:
1136:
825:
772:
764:
744:
728:
684:
637:
505:
497:
56:
2366:
2769:
2581:
2470:
2293:
2258:
2220:
2015:
2326:
406:
dialect of Wendat in Canada, and the mid-nineteenth century. By the time the ethnographer
8:
2774:
2738:
2414:
2283:
2184:
2122:
2021:
1811:
1710:
1241:
721:, makes Wyandot unusual among Iroquoian languages, as it is the only one with a phonemic
586:
562:
411:
373:
157:
120:
45:
2748:
2683:
2525:
2462:
2447:
2316:
2238:
2233:
1930:
1769:
461:
1522:
242:
2728:
2678:
2533:
2515:
2510:
2490:
2485:
2437:
2371:
1986:
1959:
1947:
1925:
1920:
1795:
1754:
1744:
1550:
1159:
891:
722:
483:
473:
116:
1637:
1509:
278:
2823:
2723:
2713:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2612:
2607:
2597:
2563:
2505:
2399:
2361:
2306:
2268:
2228:
2198:
2117:
2107:
2050:
2043:
2037:
1971:
1942:
1936:
1905:
1899:
1580:
1237:
456:
431:
366:
127:
1774:
1672:
For an example of
Wyandot(te) language revitalization work, see an online lesson:
1135:). To disambiguate nasal vowels from oral vowels followed by /n/, the latter have
2718:
2708:
2703:
2662:
2571:
2538:
2495:
2442:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2381:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2321:
2273:
2263:
2112:
2032:
2027:
2002:
1996:
1915:
1759:
1749:
1734:
1724:
1261:
1176:
1147:). Glottal stops are written with an apostrophe. The fricative /ʃ/ is written as
490:
478:
377:
149:
51:
2331:
777:
in other
Northern Iroquoian languages. Although the two largely appear to be in
2652:
2602:
2576:
2475:
2336:
2278:
2063:
1991:
1965:
1953:
1910:
1821:
1673:
1648:
1342:
1282:
1252:
1108:
778:
521:
407:
343:
189:
1618:
Steckley, John L. (1988). "How the Huron Became
Wyandot: Onomastic Evidence".
346:
or Wyandotte, descended from the Tionontati. It is considered a sister to the
2817:
2642:
2248:
2243:
1729:
1300:
1256:
1112:
782:
414:, in 1911–1912, it had diverged enough to be considered a separate language.
394:
Although linguistics have equated with or seen as a dialect of the Iroquoian
312:
97:
2743:
2647:
2404:
1981:
1642:
1598:
Proceedings of the Second Annual High Desert Linguistics Society Conference
1554:
1527:
1104:
1030:
554:
466:
196:
2548:
225:
218:
2389:
974:
962:
923:
906:
1840:
2480:
1594:"Wyandot Phonology: Recovering the Sound System of an Extinct Language"
1096:
935:
928:
2153:
1679:
1547:
Huron-Wyandot Traditional Narratives: In Translations and Native Texts
1251:
Linguistic work is also being done on the closely related Wendat. The
2394:
1584:
1562:
Haldeman, Samuel Stehman (1847). "On the Phonology of the Wyandots".
987:
956:
834:
690:
339:
235:
209:
1593:
251:
1875:
351:
290:
108:
877:
702:
286:
1081:). Some allophones of consonants are explicitly indicated (e.g.
833:
Another unique feature of Wyandot is the presence of the voiced
753:" and as "the smooth English sound, never vibrant." The Wyandot
1093:
1050:
355:
258:
112:
93:
1100:
1038:
419:
403:
2834:
Indigenous languages of the North American eastern woodlands
1115:(or 8) for and . Pre-nasalization of stops is indicated by
257:
Huron Wyandot is classified as Critically Endangered by the
1099:, the current orthography no longer uses the Greek letters
448:
noted that the distinction had not been made by Barbeau.
289:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
142:
Oklahoma and Quebec have limited language programs (2007)
1491:
1151:. Consonantal allophones are not explicitly indicated.
1431:
1323:
Pulte, William (1999). "The Last Speaker of Wyandot".
1267:
The Wyandot language is used in the television series
1549:. National Museum of Canada Bulletin. Vol. 165.
1479:
1383:
342:
language traditionally spoken by the people known as
1467:
1455:
1443:
1419:
1395:
1371:
1359:
1407:
410:made his transcriptions of the Wyandot language in
43:It has been suggested that this article should be
689:is placed in parentheses because it appears as an
1564:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
781:, they clearly contrast in some cases (as in the
2815:
1579:(PhD thesis). Winnipeg: University of Manitoba.
1123:). Nasal vowels are indicated as in French by
2169:
1856:
1695:
800:
785:
814:. The ambiguity of the relationship between
1231:
915:Wyandot vowels recovering the sound system
2176:
2162:
1863:
1849:
1702:
1688:
1073:indicates prenasalization of stops (e.g.,
250:
1870:
425:The work of Barbeau was used by linguist
389:
1617:
1561:
1523:"Scholar sole speaker of Huron language"
1437:
1389:
1158:
860:contrast, but there is no corresponding
298:
262:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2854:Native American language revitalization
2183:
1709:
1544:
1520:
1510:"Language page of the Wyandotte Nation"
1503:
1425:
434:as modern tribal members refer to it).
283:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
2816:
1608:
1591:
1574:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1413:
1401:
1377:
1365:
1049:, and nasal vowels are indicated by a
713:, contrasting with the voiceless stop
2157:
1844:
1683:
1643:Language page of the Wyandotte Nation
1322:
1577:A History of the Iroquoian Languages
1514:
1325:Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics
1154:
29:
1982:Mesquakie (Fox, Kickapoo, and Sauk)
1638:Native-languages.org: Wyandot words
1611:A Grammar and Dictionary of Wyandot
311:A Wyandot speaker, recorded in the
24:
2849:Extinct languages of North America
1175:) in some Huron reserves, such as
25:
2865:
2839:First Nations languages in Canada
1666:
1521:Goddard, J. (December 24, 2007).
1291:Dictionnaire de la langue huronne
1171:- Stop, used on road signs (with
1012:
999:
992:
973:
961:
947:
940:
670:
658:
644:
628:
612:
600:
593:
569:
553:
546:
535:
528:
504:
496:
2844:Indigenous languages of Oklahoma
2136:
2135:
1305:Dictionary of the Huron Language
1295:Dictionary of the Huron Language
1163:A bilingual stop sign in Wendake
1033:, with the additional character
887:also has no voiced counterpart.
34:
1676:, Southern Oklahoma University
1335:
1316:
1065:indicates a long vowel (e.g.,
1024:
13:
1:
1538:
442:
2829:Northern Iroquoian languages
2658:Labrador Inuit Pidgin French
2085:Black American Sign Language
1649:"Wyandotte Language Lessons"
1613:(PhD thesis). Buffalo: SUNY.
1343:"Wyandotte Language Lessons"
998:
991:
986:
972:
960:
955:
946:
939:
934:
927:
922:
437:
7:
2780:Plains Indian Sign Language
1977:Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache
1276:
1240:, whose headquarters is in
1069:). As in the IPA, a raised
402:(1708–1781) documented the
10:
2870:
2631:Pidgins, creoles and mixed
1631:
1029:Wyandot is written in the
384:
49:into a new article titled
2795:
2757:
2671:
2630:
2590:
2562:
2524:
2461:
2413:
2380:
2292:
2219:
2212:
2191:
2131:
2100:
2072:
1892:
1882:
1820:
1804:
1788:
1717:
897:
890:Consonants may appear in
655:
643:
592:
575:
568:
541:
510:
503:
465:
460:
269:
249:
233:
207:
202:
186:
146:
136:
126:
103:
89:
82:
77:
2638:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
1575:Julian, Charles (2010).
1545:Barbeau, Marius (1960).
1310:
1246:Wyandot Nation of Kansas
1232:Wyandot and Wendat today
1937:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)
801:
786:
733:sound is pronounced as
2803:Canadian dictionaries
2786:Maritime Sign Language
2765:American Sign Language
2254:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
2080:American Sign Language
1609:Kopris, Craig (2001).
1592:Kopris, Craig (1999).
1164:
1139:over the vowel (e.g.,
769:are both cognate with
390:Relationship to Wendat
316:
271:This article contains
2799:Canadian style guides
1162:
354:, United States, and
310:
2770:Quebec Sign Language
2213:Indigenous languages
1620:Onomastica Canadiana
1227:"änen'enh" - Mother
222: – Wyandot
2739:Pennsylvania German
2185:Languages of Canada
1711:Iroquoian languages
1242:Wyandotte, Oklahoma
916:
412:Wyandotte, Oklahoma
374:Huron-Wendat Nation
229: – Wendat
121:Wyandotte, Oklahoma
2775:Inuk Sign Language
2734:Newfoundland Irish
2699:Tagalog (Filipino)
2672:Minority languages
2544:Heiltsuk-Oowekyala
2302:Babine-Witsuwitʼen
2192:Official languages
1165:
1149:⟨ch⟩
1145:⟨ön⟩
1141:⟨ën⟩
1133:⟨on⟩
1129:⟨en⟩
1121:⟨nd⟩
1079:⟨ⁿg⟩
1075:⟨ⁿd⟩
1067:⟨ę:⟩
914:
317:
27:Iroquoian language
2811:
2810:
2729:Doukhobor Russian
2626:
2625:
2151:
2150:
1960:Hitchiti-Mikasuki
1838:
1837:
1500:, pp. 47–60.
1155:Sample vocabulary
1125:⟨n⟩
1117:⟨n⟩
1087:⟨g⟩
1083:⟨m⟩
1071:⟨ⁿ⟩
1063:⟨:⟩
1059:⟨ǫ⟩
1055:⟨ę⟩
1047:⟨ž⟩
1043:⟨š⟩
1035:⟨ʔ⟩
1007:
1006:
725:distinction. The
680:
679:
308:
297:
296:
279:rendering support
275:phonetic symbols.
117:Sandwich, Ontario
73:
72:
16:(Redirected from
2861:
2724:Hutterite German
2217:
2216:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2139:
2138:
2092:Plains Sign Talk
1865:
1858:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1627:
1614:
1605:
1588:
1571:
1558:
1533:
1532:
1518:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1320:
1238:Wyandotte Nation
1236:Citizens of the
1150:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1020:
1003:
996:
981:
977:
969:
965:
951:
944:
917:
913:
910:
886:
875:
867:
859:
851:
843:
829:
821:
813:
810:
807:
804:
798:
795:
792:
789:
776:
768:
760:
748:
740:
732:
720:
712:
700:
688:
674:
666:
662:
652:
648:
632:
620:
616:
608:
604:
597:
573:
557:
550:
539:
532:
508:
500:
451:
450:
367:Wyandotte Nation
309:
254:
245:
228:
221:
212:
192:
152:
115:; recently near
75:
74:
68:
65:
38:
37:
30:
21:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2791:
2753:
2719:Canadian Gaelic
2667:
2622:
2618:Coast Tsimshian
2586:
2558:
2520:
2457:
2409:
2376:
2288:
2208:
2187:
2182:
2152:
2147:
2127:
2096:
2068:
1888:
1878:
1869:
1839:
1834:
1830:Proto-Iroquoian
1816:
1800:
1784:
1713:
1708:
1669:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1634:
1541:
1536:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1297:), 17th century
1287:Le grand voyage
1279:
1262:Wendake, Quebec
1234:
1157:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1027:
1015:
900:
811:
808:
805:
796:
793:
790:
468:
445:
440:
392:
387:
348:Wendat language
299:
277:Without proper
265:
264:
241:
224:
223:
217:
216:
208:
193:
188:
182:
153:
150:Language family
148:
69:
63:
60:
52:Wendat language
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Wendat language
15:
12:
11:
5:
2867:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2758:Sign languages
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2653:Chinook Jargon
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2554:Nuu-chah-nulth
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2214:
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2110:
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2102:
2101:Non-Indigenous
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2076:
2074:
2073:Sign languages
2070:
2069:
2067:
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2054:
2047:
2040:
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2030:
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2018:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1989:
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1822:Proto-language
1818:
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1815:
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1801:
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1667:External links
1665:
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1615:
1606:
1589:
1572:
1559:
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1537:
1535:
1534:
1513:
1502:
1490:
1488:, p. 326.
1478:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1440:, p. 269.
1430:
1418:
1406:
1404:, p. xxi.
1394:
1382:
1380:, p. 371.
1370:
1368:, p. 324.
1358:
1334:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1303:, ed. (2009).
1298:
1283:Gabriel Sagard
1278:
1275:
1253:anthropologist
1233:
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1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
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1013:Phonototactics
1011:
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971:
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938:
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876:contrast. The
844:, creating an
794:that, the, who
779:free variation
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408:Marius Barbeau
396:Wendat (Huron)
391:
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295:
294:
281:, you may see
267:
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203:Language codes
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190:Writing system
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165:Lake Iroquoian
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91:
90:Native to
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64:September 2023
42:
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2643:Broken Slavey
2641:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
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2010:Plains Apache
2007:
2005:
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1765:Susquehannock
1763:
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1740:Neutral Huron
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1517:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1476:, p. 57.
1475:
1470:
1464:, p. 46.
1463:
1458:
1452:, p. 77.
1451:
1446:
1439:
1438:Haldeman 1847
1434:
1428:, p. 57.
1427:
1422:
1416:, p. 63.
1415:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1392:, p. 60.
1391:
1390:Steckley 1988
1386:
1379:
1374:
1367:
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1348:
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1301:John Steckley
1299:
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783:minimal pairs
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455:
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435:
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428:
423:
421:
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413:
409:
405:
401:
400:Pierre Potier
397:
379:
375:
371:
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364:
363:
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359:
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341:
337:
333:
329:
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314:
313:United States
292:
288:
284:
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276:
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268:
263:
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237:
232:
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214:
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206:
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191:
185:
173:
170:
169:
167:
166:
164:
163:
161:
160:
159:
155:
151:
145:
141:
139:
135:
131:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:Northeastern
106:
102:
99:
98:United States
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
76:
67:
58:
54:
53:
48:
47:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2797:
2784:
2744:Plautdietsch
2452:
2405:Inuvialuktun
2140:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2020:
2008:
2001:
1964:
1952:
1935:
1884:
1805:Unclassified
1779:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1597:
1576:
1567:
1563:
1546:
1528:Toronto Star
1526:
1516:
1505:
1493:
1481:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1426:Barbeau 1960
1421:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1350:. Retrieved
1346:
1337:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1304:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1268:
1266:
1250:
1235:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1172:
1168:
1097:missionaries
1091:
1031:Latin script
1028:
1016:
1008:
901:
889:
832:
750:
741:rather than
681:
446:
427:Craig Kopris
424:
416:
393:
360:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:
270:
234:
197:Latin script
171:
83:
61:
50:
44:
2582:Assiniboine
2471:Bella Coola
2390:Inuinnaqtun
1775:Wenrohronon
1674:"Wyandotte"
1498:Kopris 2001
1486:Julian 2010
1474:Kopris 2001
1462:Kopris 2001
1450:Kopris 2001
1414:Kopris 1999
1402:Kopris 2001
1378:Kopris 2001
1366:Julian 2010
1331:(4): 43–44.
1061:). A colon
1025:Orthography
638:Approximant
285:instead of
2818:Categories
2481:Halkomelem
2294:Athabaskan
2284:Potawatomi
2221:Algonquian
2123:Vietnamese
2022:Potawatomi
1893:Indigenous
1812:Laurentian
1658:2017-10-22
1653:cs.sou.edu
1570:: 268–269.
1539:References
1352:2017-10-22
1347:cs.sou.edu
1051:nasal hook
443:Consonants
2749:Ukrainian
2684:Cantonese
2549:Kwakʼwala
2448:Tuscarora
2415:Iroquoian
2395:Inuktitut
2367:Tsuutʼina
2317:Chipewyan
2312:Chilcotin
2239:Blackfoot
2234:Algonquin
1931:Chickasaw
1872:Languages
1770:Tuscarora
1585:1993/4175
1270:Barkskins
1255:known as
1224:- Village
1216:Sandustee
1180:in Quebec
1137:diaeresis
1111:for , or
982:⟩
970:⟩
835:fricative
809:now, then
691:allophone
667:⟩
653:⟩
621:⟩
609:⟩
587:Fricative
563:Affricate
438:Phonology
340:Iroquoian
338:) is the
324:Wyandotte
236:Glottolog
210:ISO 639-3
158:Iroquoian
2679:Mandarin
2534:Ditidaht
2526:Wakashan
2516:Thompson
2511:Squamish
2501:shíshálh
2491:Okanagan
2486:Lillooet
2463:Salishan
2438:Onondaga
2372:Tutchone
2327:Gwichʼin
2142:Category
1987:Muscogee
1954:Delaware
1948:Comanche
1926:Cheyenne
1921:Cherokee
1876:Oklahoma
1796:Cherokee
1789:Southern
1755:Onondaga
1745:Nottoway
1718:Northern
1626:: 59–70.
1604:: 51–67.
1277:See also
978:⟨
966:⟨
892:clusters
663:⟨
649:⟨
617:⟨
605:⟨
469:alveolar
462:Alveolar
432:dormancy
352:Oklahoma
291:Help:IPA
243:wyan1247
168:Huronian
162:Northern
109:Oklahoma
2824:Wyandot
2714:Italian
2694:Spanish
2689:Punjabi
2613:Tlingit
2608:Kutenai
2598:Beothuk
2506:Shuswap
2496:Saanich
2453:Wyandot
2400:Inupiaq
2362:Tahltan
2307:Carrier
2269:Naskapi
2259:Miꞌkmaq
2229:Abenaki
2199:English
2118:Spanish
2108:English
2058:Wyandot
2051:Wichita
2044:Tonkawa
2038:Shawnee
1972:Koasati
1943:Choctaw
1906:Arapaho
1900:Alabama
1885:Italics
1780:Wyandot
1632:Sources
1555:1990439
1218:- Water
1200:- Three
1177:Wendake
1127:(e.g.,
1119:(e.g.,
1053:(e.g.,
920:
878:phoneme
723:voicing
522:Plosive
484:Glottal
474:Palatal
385:History
378:Wendake
344:Wyandot
332:Quendat
320:Wyandot
287:Unicode
215:Either:
172:Wyandot
138:Revival
128:Extinct
78:Wyandot
57:discuss
2709:German
2704:Arabic
2663:Michif
2648:Bungee
2572:Stoney
2564:Siouan
2539:Haisla
2443:Seneca
2433:Oneida
2428:Mohawk
2423:Cayuga
2357:Tagish
2352:Slavey
2347:Sekani
2342:Nicola
2322:Dogrib
2279:Ottawa
2274:Ojibwe
2264:Munsee
2204:French
2113:German
2033:Seneca
2028:Quapaw
2003:Pawnee
1997:Ottawa
1916:Cayuga
1760:Seneca
1750:Oneida
1735:Mohawk
1725:Cayuga
1553:
1222:Kanata
1212:- Five
1210:Weeish
1206:- Four
1204:Anduak
1192:Tindee
1107:for ,
1103:for ,
1094:Jesuit
1039:hachek
898:Vowels
457:Labial
356:Quebec
328:Wendat
322:(also
259:UNESCO
119:, and
113:Quebec
104:Region
94:Canada
84:Waⁿdat
2603:Haida
2591:other
2577:Sioux
2476:Comox
2382:Inuit
2337:Kaska
2064:Yuchi
2016:Ponca
1992:Osage
1966:Kansa
1911:Caddo
1311:Notes
1198:Shenk
1194:- Two
1188:- One
1173:arrêt
1169:Seten
1041:, as
1019:/skw/
924:Front
747:]
743:[
739:]
735:[
687:]
683:[
491:Nasal
479:Velar
467:Post-
420:Petun
404:Petun
336:Huron
46:split
2249:Innu
2244:Cree
1730:Erie
1551:OCLC
1289:and
1186:Skat
1045:and
936:High
929:Back
822:and
799:and
761:and
703:stop
372:The
365:The
132:1972
2332:Hän
1874:of
1581:hdl
1089:).
988:Low
957:Mid
693:of
334:or
273:IPA
226:wdt
219:wyn
59:)
55:. (
2820::
2801:-
1651:.
1624:70
1622:.
1600:.
1596:.
1566:.
1525:.
1345:.
1329:24
1327:.
1285:,
1273:.
1143:,
1131:,
1085:,
1077:,
1057:,
975:ɔ̃
963:ɛ̃
911:.
802:na
787:da
705:,
571:ts
501:)
330:,
326:,
111:,
96:,
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