397:
that, members of the
Working Commission were arrested and sentenced to various terms of imprisonment and exile: Alexander Podrabinek was sentenced to 3 years of imprisonment (convicted for the second time), Vyacheslav Bakhmin was sentenced to 3 years of imprisonment, Leonard Ternovsky was sentenced to 3 years of imprisonment, Irina Grivnina was sentenced to 5 years of exile, and Anatoly Koryagin was sentenced to particularly severe punishment under Part 1 of Article of 70 the RSFSR Criminal Code, 7 years in prison camps and 5 years of subsequent exile. The charge was
241:
1575:
1587:
1563:
1527:
327:
the individual was picked up again and committed to mental hospital, the
Commission had vindication that the hospitalization served non-medical purposes. Also some foreign psychiatrists including the Swedish psychiatrist Harald Blomberg and British psychiatrist Gery Low-Beer helped in examining former or potential victims of psychiatric abuse. The Commission used those reports in its work and publicly referred to them when it was essential.
1537:
326:
psychiatrist
Anatoly Koryagin. Koryagin's contribution was to examine former and potential victims of political abuse of psychiatry by writing psychiatric diagnoses in which he deduced that the individual was not suffering from any mental disease. Those reports were employed as a means of defense: if
396:
Members of the
Working Commission have been stifled through exile and imprisonment. All of its members were arrested or forced to emigrate. The Working Commission ceased to exist on 21 July 1981 when its last member Feliks Serebrov was sentenced to 5 years of camps and 5 years of exile. Prior to
317:
The task stated by the
Commission was not primarily to diagnose persons or to declare people who sought help mentally ill or mentally healthy. However, in some instances individuals who came for help to the Commission were examined by a psychiatrist who provided help to the Commission and made a
379:, it became evident to him that Soviet officials at high levels paid close attention to foreign responses to these cases, and if someone was discharged, all dissidents felt the pressure had played a significant part and the more foreign pressure the better. In the autumn of 1978, the British
295:
and was composed of five open members and several anonymous ones, including a few psychiatrists who, at great danger to themselves, conducted their own independent examinations of cases of alleged psychiatric abuse. The leader of the commission was
Alexandr Podrabinek who published a book
427:
The arrest of
Koryagin puts a definite end to the humane and legal activity of the Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes, and gives rise to the fear that the authorities intend to increase their use of psychiatric persecution for political
383:
carried a resolution in which it reiterated its concern over the abuse of psychiatry for the suppression of dissent in the USSR and applauded the Soviet citizens, who had taken an open stance against such abuse, by expressing its admiration and support especially for
304:
in Soviet mental hospitals and a βblack listβ of over one hundred medical staff and doctors who took part in committing people to psychiatric facilities for political reasons. The psychiatric consultants to the
Commission were Dr Alexander Voloshanovich and Dr
357:
were also used to provide the dissident movement with information about
Western protests against the political abuse. The Working Commission also gathered information about relevant international events and published reports on the Honolulu Congress of the
374:
in 1971 were the material which convinced most psychiatric associations that there was distinctly something wrong in the USSR. Peter
Reddaway said that after he had studied official documents in the Soviet archives, including minutes from meetings of the
1607:
352:
were sent to the Soviet officials, with request to verify the data and notify the Commission if mistakes were found, and to the West, where human rights defenders used them in the course of their campaigns. The
376:
200:
928:[Document Nr 176. The conviction of Feliks Serebrov, the last member of the Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes] (in Russian).
362:, including the texts of the key resolutions, and printed translations of long letters by Professor Peter Berner about the course of establishing the Review Committee on abuse.
679:
518:[The consultant of human rights association "The Working Commission on Investigation of Use of Psychiatry in Political Goals "βPsychiatrist A.A. Voloshanovich].
195:
1316:
407:, which published an article by Koryagin critical of the Soviet government's use of involuntary psychiatric confinement for political reasons. On 5 April 1981, the
1495:
1326:
288:
1622:
1246:
515:ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ "Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
"βΠ²ΡΠ°Ρ-ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ°ΡΡ Π.Π. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
330:
The commission gathered as much information as possible of victims of psychiatric terror in the Soviet Union and published this information in their
284:
180:
1617:
1070:
292:
1502:
1485:
1296:
215:
925:ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ β 176. ΠΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
Π€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ° Π‘Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ²Π°
370:
Over fifty victims examined by psychiatrists of the Moscow Working Commission between 1977 and 1981 and the files smuggled to the West by
1612:
1251:
471:
175:
210:
1256:
749:
627:
573:
318:
precise diagnosis of their mental condition. At first it was psychiatrist Aleksandr Voloshanovich from the Moscow suburb of
1102:
1306:
322:, who made these diagnoses. But when he had been compelled to emigrate on 7 February 1980, his work was continued by the
795:
1291:
1266:
903:
185:
778:
687:
653:
334:. For the four years of its existence, the Commission published more than 1,500 pages of documentation including 22
1281:
1261:
1490:
1286:
1135:
446:
1392:
1362:
1321:
1017:
923:
380:
338:
in which over 400 cases of the political abuse of psychiatry were documented in great detail. Summaries of the
1387:
1336:
1271:
1065:
1039:
359:
344:
131:
741:
On dissidents and madness: from the Soviet Union of Leonid Brezhnev to the "Soviet Union" of Vladimir Putin
451:
895:
857:"Carry on protesting for Soviet refusniks! Sarah White on academic boycotts and human rights in the USSR"
1057:
1031:
1553:
1301:
1480:
1377:
1372:
1145:
1140:
1424:
1419:
1311:
1150:
1095:
1512:
961:
301:
170:
75:
1459:
1195:
1155:
220:
856:
643:
592:
1540:
1507:
1382:
1357:
1276:
1130:
1013:
929:
889:
739:
617:
408:
264:
146:
1005:
1434:
1429:
1175:
1165:
1125:
703:
8:
1579:
1352:
1210:
1190:
1170:
1088:
825:
811:
416:
280:
113:
47:
704:"Dr Alexander Voloshanovich: A critic of the political misuse of psychiatry in the USSR"
1454:
1185:
983:
956:
492:
476:
261:Π Π°Π±ΠΎΜΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΜΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»Π΅ΜΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΜΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΜΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΜΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΜΠ»ΡΡ
1567:
1530:
1526:
1414:
1180:
988:
899:
870:
774:
745:
683:
649:
623:
569:
371:
1399:
1006:
Bonner, Yelena; Kalistratova, Sofiya; Kovalyov, Ivan; Meiman, Naum (5 April 1981).
978:
970:
837:
807:
715:
306:
256:
244:
17:
The Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes
1449:
1409:
1367:
1215:
1205:
1160:
673:
563:
921:
1444:
1230:
1225:
974:
770:
385:
205:
23:Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
1608:
Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes
1332:
Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes
253:
Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes
1601:
1464:
1220:
874:
861:
597:
412:
377:
Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
513:
1439:
1404:
268:
992:
240:
1069:(59, 60, 61). London: Amnesty International Publications: 131β139. 1982.
420:
398:
388:, Alexander Podrabinek, Alexander Voloshanovich, and Vladimir Moskalkov.
319:
1012:[Document Nr 162. The Arrest of Anatoly Koryagin] (in Russian).
1591:
1111:
423:
issued document No. 162 "The Arrest of Anatoly Koryagin" which stated,
403:
230:
225:
103:
720:
645:
Medicine betrayed: the participation of doctors in human rights abuses
279:
The commission was established on 5 January 1977 on the initiative of
1200:
922:
Bonner, Yelena; Kalistratova, Sofiya; Kovalyov, Ivan (29 July 1981).
841:
497:
1586:
1007:
933:
401:
activities for having corresponded with the British medical journal
1562:
615:
323:
267:
and a key source of information on psychiatric repression in the
93:
89:
1058:"Persecution of the Working Commission (on Psychiatric Abuse)"
796:"Former Soviet dissidents believed APA pressure forced change"
671:
1080:
764:
680:
International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry
495:[The guidebook to the hell of psychiatric prisons].
511:
247:(b. 1938), a psychiatrist, expert of the Working Commission
767:
Soviet psychiatric abuse: the shadow over world psychiatry
1317:
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
164:
79:
1043:(62). Amnesty International Publications: 19β26. 1982.
1551:
1327:
Taiwanese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
565:
Cold War in psychiatry: human factors, secret actors
1247:
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
667:
665:
490:
737:
733:
731:
561:
1599:
636:
342:were published in the key samizdat publication,
887:
662:
444:
728:
283:along with a 47-year-old self-educated worker
1297:Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia
1096:
891:The Soviet Union today: an interpretive guide
696:
675:Soviet psychiatric abuse in the Gorbachev era
854:
616:Brintlinger, Angela; Vinitsky, Ilya (2007).
587:
585:
520:Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
300:containing a βwhite listβ of two hundred of
793:
557:
555:
553:
493:"ΠΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ"
469:
312:
1623:1981 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
1252:American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
1103:
1089:
954:
609:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
982:
917:
915:
719:
672:Voren, Robert van; Bloch, Sidney (1989).
582:
524:Modern Scientific Studies and Innovations
239:
1618:1977 establishments in the Soviet Union
1009:ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ β 162: ΠΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°
818:
765:Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1985).
530:
1600:
957:"Imprisonment of Dr. Anatoly Koryagin"
912:
619:Madness and the mad in Russian culture
512:Miku, Natalya; Molkin, Alexey (2015).
211:Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute
1486:Neurological conditions and disorders
1257:American Neuropsychiatric Association
1084:
787:
472:"Moscow silencing psychiatry critics"
812:10.1176/pn.45.22.psychnews_45_22_023
463:
445:Reddaway, Peter (23 February 1978).
365:
287:, a 30-year-old computer programmer
1307:National Institute of Mental Health
948:
391:
216:Independent Psychiatric Association
13:
1292:Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists
1267:Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse
1050:
593:"The spread of Soviet suppression"
186:Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse
14:
1634:
1613:Organizations established in 1977
1076:from the original on 4 July 2015.
1020:from the original on 2 June 2010.
157:Psychiatry in Russia and the USSR
1585:
1573:
1561:
1535:
1525:
1282:European Psychiatric Association
1262:American Psychiatric Association
794:Moran, Mark (19 November 2010).
648:. Zed Books. 1992. p. 153.
274:
201:Struggle against political abuse
1536:
1287:Global Initiative on Psychiatry
1136:Child and adolescent psychiatry
1024:
999:
881:
848:
826:"Autumn quarterly meeting 1978"
758:
622:. University of Toronto Press.
1503:Psychiatric survivors movement
1393:Psychiatric survivors movement
1363:Controversies about psychiatry
1322:Royal College of Psychiatrists
1110:
955:Wynn, Alan (22 January 1983).
744:. AmsterdamβNew York: Rodopi.
568:. AmsterdamβNew York: Rodopi.
505:
484:
438:
381:Royal College of Psychiatrists
167:(managing organ of psychiatry)
1:
1388:Political abuse of psychiatry
1337:World Psychiatric Association
1272:Chinese Society of Psychiatry
1066:A Chronicle of Current Events
1040:A Chronicle of Current Events
432:
360:World Psychiatric Association
345:A Chronicle of Current Events
132:A Chronicle of Current Events
22:
491:ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΅Π²Π°, ΠΡΠ΄ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π° (2013) .
470:Burns, John (26 July 1981).
452:The New York Review of Books
7:
896:University of Chicago Press
855:White, Sarah (5 May 1983).
181:Political abuse in the USSR
10:
1639:
1302:Indian Psychiatric Society
975:10.1136/bmj.286.6361.309-a
836:(1): 5β7. 1 January 1979.
738:Voren, Robert van (2009).
562:Voren, Robert van (2010).
1521:
1473:
1378:Electroconvulsive therapy
1373:Biopsychiatry controversy
1345:
1239:
1146:Cross-cultural psychiatry
1141:Cognitive neuropsychiatry
1118:
605:(1104): 493. 25 May 1978.
447:"More psychiatric terror"
263:) was an offshoot of the
260:
176:Political abuse in Russia
140:
119:
109:
99:
85:
71:
53:
43:
28:
21:
1425:Psychiatric epidemiology
1420:Philosophy of psychiatry
1312:Philadelphia Association
1151:Developmental disability
1008:
924:
888:Cracraft, James (2014).
714:(5): 70β71. 1 May 1980.
519:
514:
313:Investigating activities
196:Cases of political abuse
32:5 January 1977
1491:Psychiatric medications
1032:"The trial of Koryagin"
962:British Medical Journal
526:] (in Russian) (3).
302:prisoners of conscience
171:Mental health in Russia
1460:Psychosomatic medicine
1196:Nutritional psychiatry
1156:Descriptive psychiatry
430:
248:
221:Sluggish schizophrenia
59:; 43 years ago
1383:Insulin shock therapy
1358:Clinical neuroscience
1277:Democratic Psychiatry
1131:Biological psychiatry
1014:Moscow Helsinki Group
930:Moscow Helsinki Group
425:
409:Moscow Helsinki Group
355:Information Bulletins
350:Information Bulletins
340:Information Bulletins
336:Information Bulletins
332:Information Bulletins
265:Moscow Helsinki Group
243:
147:Moscow Helsinki Group
1496:by condition treated
1435:Psychiatric hospital
1430:Psychiatric genetics
1176:Geriatric psychiatry
1166:Emergency psychiatry
1126:Addiction psychiatry
830:Psychiatric Bulletin
708:Psychiatric Bulletin
126:Information Bulletin
1353:Behavioral medicine
1211:Palliative medicine
1191:Military psychiatry
1171:Forensic psychiatry
501:(in Russian) (152).
417:Sofiya Kalistratova
281:Alexandr Podrabinek
142:Parent organization
114:Alexandr Podrabinek
48:Alexandr Podrabinek
18:
1455:Psychopharmacology
1186:Liaison psychiatry
477:The New York Times
289:Vyacheslav Bakhmin
249:
191:Working Commission
16:
1549:
1548:
1481:Counseling topics
1415:Pentylenetetrazol
1181:Immuno-psychiatry
869:(1356): 321β322.
751:978-90-420-2585-1
721:10.1192/pb.4.5.70
629:978-0-8020-9140-6
575:978-90-420-3046-6
419:, Ivan Kovalyov,
372:Vladimir Bukovsky
366:Foreign reactions
298:Punitive Medicine
238:
237:
152:
151:
57:21 July 1981
1630:
1590:
1589:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1539:
1538:
1529:
1400:Imaging genetics
1105:
1098:
1091:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1062:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1003:
997:
996:
986:
952:
946:
945:
943:
941:
936:on 27 March 2014
932:. Archived from
919:
910:
909:
885:
879:
878:
852:
846:
845:
842:10.1192/pb.3.1.5
822:
816:
815:
800:Psychiatric News
791:
785:
784:
762:
756:
755:
735:
726:
725:
723:
700:
694:
693:
669:
660:
659:
640:
634:
633:
613:
607:
606:
589:
580:
579:
559:
528:
527:
509:
503:
502:
488:
482:
481:
467:
461:
460:
442:
392:Forcing shutdown
307:Anatoly Koryagin
262:
245:Anatoly Koryagin
154:
153:
67:
65:
60:
39:
37:
19:
15:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1560:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1517:
1513:Psychotherapies
1469:
1450:Psycho-oncology
1410:Neurophysiology
1368:Anti-psychiatry
1341:
1235:
1206:Neuropsychiatry
1161:Eating disorder
1114:
1109:
1073:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1051:Further reading
1048:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1010:
1004:
1000:
953:
949:
939:
937:
926:
920:
913:
906:
886:
882:
853:
849:
824:
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819:
792:
788:
781:
763:
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736:
729:
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701:
697:
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656:
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614:
610:
591:
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583:
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531:
521:
516:
510:
506:
489:
485:
468:
464:
443:
439:
435:
394:
368:
315:
285:Feliks Serebrov
277:
143:
78:
63:
61:
58:
35:
33:
24:
12:
11:
5:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1595:
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1582:
1570:
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1477:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1445:Psychoanalysis
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1346:Related topics
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
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1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1231:Telepsychiatry
1228:
1226:Sleep medicine
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1119:Subspecialties
1116:
1115:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1023:
998:
947:
911:
905:978-0226226286
904:
898:. p. 68.
880:
847:
817:
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231:Psikhushka
226:Sulfozinum
104:Psychiatry
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