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and therefore the "cost" of political action. The separation of the political and economic spheres lays a foundation for a further separation of powers, thereby negating autocracy despite the centralizing tendency of the state. The market also defines interests, increasing "responsibility" and thereby decreasing the possibility of bribery in preparation for democratic politics. On the other hand, political actions become excessive without a market, or with a mixed market, because a large number of people will seek political posts, raising the "cost" of political action and making effective consultation difficult. To avoid this problem, a country without a developed market has to maintain strongman politics and a high degree of centralism.
104:
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1994, Zheng
Yongnian considered capitalism as providing a check on state power by dividing public and private spheres, and that "Neoconservativism" was becoming popular at that time, in contrast to liberal intellectuals who argued for the collapse of the centralized state as necessary to economic growth. He writes that "In order to introduce a true market economy, Beijing has to free individual enterprises from local administrative meddling and regain control over funds for central investments in the infrastructure. The state must first recentralize in order to deepen decentralization, as many authors suggest."
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democracy, administrative efficiency and scientific government. Li points out that previous crisis in China were not due to popular participation, but power struggles and corruption, and that an authoritarian state does not usually separate powers. A criticism by Zhou
Wenzhang is that neoauthoritarianism only considers problems of authority from the angle of centralization, similarly considering the main problem of authority to be whether or not it is exercised scientifically.
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political development is the provision of very favorable conditions for economic progress. Political stability must be given highest priority... without stable politics, domestic construction is impossible, let alone an 'open door' policy. So, if political reform or democracy undermines political stability, it is not worthwhile. In other words, an authoritarian regime is desirable if it can produce stable politics."
27:
1931:) argued for political and economic centralization and the establishment of shared moral values. The movement has been described in the West by political scientist Joseph Fewsmith. Neoconservatives are opposed to radical reform projects and argue that an authoritarian and incrementalist approach is necessary to stabilize the process of
3840:
Wu considered social developments like liberal democracy unable to proceed simply from new authorities. Democracy has to be based on the development of the market, because the market reduces the number of public decisions, the number of people seeking power and political rights for economic bernefit,
3817:
rejected economic development or modernization as transferable to the political sphere as a mere variable of the former. He preconditioned democracy on institutionalization and stability, with democracy and economic change undermining or putting strain on political stability in poor circumstances. He
1876:
Neoauthoritarianism lost favor after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Henry He considers that, while June 4 halted the movement for democracy, because neoauthoritarianism avoids the issue of popular involvement, it would therefore be a downfall for it and
General Secretary Zhao Ziyang
3911:
that promoted such to top posts. Henry He considers the main criticism of neoauthoritarianism to be its continued advocacy of an "old" type of establishment, relying on charismatic leaders. His view is corroborated by Yan Yining and Li Wei, with the addition that for Yan what is needed is law, or Li
3896:
characterizes them as reflecting the policy of "pre-revolutionary
Chinese leaders" as well as "contemporary Third World strongmen", as part of ideological developments of the decade he considers more recognizable to westerners as conservative and liberal. Sautsmans sums its theory with a quote from
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Deng
Xiaoping explains: "Why have we treated student demonstrations so seriously and so quickly? Because China is not able to bear more disturbance and more disorder." Given the dominance of the Chinese state, Zheng believes that, when it is finally implemented, democracy in China is more likely to
1839:
believed that "Deng's early reform decentralized power to the level of local government" with the goal of "decentralizing power to individual enterprises" running "afoul of the growing power of local government, which did not want individual enterprises to retain profit (and) began bargaining with
3849:
China's measures for successful economic and political stabilization led many scholars and politicians to accept the role of an authoritarian regime in fast and stable economic growth. Although the
Chinese state is seen as legitimizing democracy as a modernization goal, economic growth is seen as
3821:
By the late 1980s, many elements of Maoism had been abandoned in China and a complete transition to capitalism seemed possible to many given past performance. Though needing restating by Wu
Jiaxiang to receive attention, Marxist scholar Rong Jian proposed a neoauthoritarianism requiring a strong
1938:
Joseph
Fewsmith writes that, the 1989 crackdown aside, the government lacked the resources to fundamentally address the problems of the worsening agricultural sector, shifting the past conservative-reform dynamic to one of guiding marketization and managing the consequences of reform. Writing in
3853:
In his 1994 article Zheng
Yongnian elaborates that, "Administrative power should be strengthened in order to provide favorable conditions, especially stable politics, for market development. Without such a political instrument, both 'reform' and 'open door' are impossible... A precondition of
1817:
characterizes as a "consultative authoritarian regime." One desire of political reform was to "restore normalcy and unity to elite politics so as to bring to an end the chronic instability of the late Maoist period and create a more orderly process of leadership succession." With cadre reform,
1942:
Still considering democracy a long-term goal, the events of June 4 seemed to confirm the "neoconservatives" belief in a strong state, considering China's autocratic model to actually be weak and ineffectual. They also consider a strong state important in economic growth along the lines of
8518:
1972:. "Realistic Responses" described the end of the Soviet state as the result of "capitalist utopianism", and argued that the CCP should transform from a "revolutionary party" into a "ruling party". The authors believed that the party should depart from the legacy of the
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would be taken by the idea. The doctrine may be typified as being close to him ideologically as well as organizationally. In early March 1989, Zhao presented Wu's idea of neoauthoritarianism as a foreign idea in the development of a backward country to
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1798:. By 1982 the success of China's market experiments had become apparent, making more radical strategies seem possible and desirable. This led to the lifting of price controls and agricultural decollectivization, signaling the abandonment of the
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1840:
the central government over profit retention, (seizing) decision-making power in the enterprises. This intervention inhibited the more efficient behavior that reforms sought to elicit from industry; decentralization... limited progress."
3818:
considered the measure of a political system to be its ability to keep order. Writing in the 1960s, he lauded the United States and Soviet Union equally; what the Soviet Union lacked in social justice was made up for in strong controls.
1760:
East
European elite take a gradualist approach to market economics and multiparty reform; hence, "new authoritarianism". A rejection of the prevalent more optimistic modernization theories, but nonetheless offering faster reform than
1738:. Neoauthoritarianism remains relevant to contemporary Chinese politics, and is discussed by both exiled intellectuals and students as an alternative to the immediate implementation of liberal democracy, similar to the strengthened
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A 2018 study of schools of political theory in contemporary China identified neoconservatism, still alternatively named neoauthoritarianism, as a continuing current of thought alongside what are now the academically more prominent
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1958:
believed that the CCP grew conservative in response to 1989, without any new ideas, and apart from "neo-conservativism" conservatism itself became popular in intellectual circles along with the revival of old Maoist leftism.
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wrote an article in which he concluded that the British monarchy initiated modernization by "pulling down 100 castles overnight", thus developmentally linking autocracy and freedom as preceding democracy and freedom.
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Initially gaining many supporters in China's intellectual world, the failure to develop democracy led to intense debate between democratic advocates and those of Neoauthoritarianism in the late 1980s before the
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When neoauthoritarianism emerged to scholarly debate, Rong Jian opposed his old idea as regressive, favoring the multiparty faction. He would become famous for a news article on the matter.
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and Huntington by holding economic change to be a condition for political change, while late Maoism considered either as being able to facilitate the other. Moreover, the idea that
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As such, it is also consistent with the right-wing ideology of neo-authoritarianism, limiting itself to championing China's national self-interests in a neoliberal global order.
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Zhao, Suisheng (2015) . "'We are Patriots First and Democrats Second': The Rise of Chinese Nationalism in the 1990s". In McCormick, Barrett L.; Friedman, Edward (eds.).
2008:
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would nonetheless emerge in academic circles in 1988 in the form of democracy and Neoauthoritarianism. Neoauthoritarianism would catch the attention of the
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Post-Mao China stressed a "pragmatic approach to rebuilding the country's economy", employing "various strategies of economic growth" following the 1978
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2012:
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individual leaders in China, recruited for their performance and education, became more economically liberal, with less ideological loyalty.
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Petracca, Mark P.; Xiong, Mong (November 1, 1990). "The Concept of Chinese Neo-Authoritarianism: An Exploration and Democratic Critique".
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Oksenberg, Michel, 1938-; Sullivan, Lawrence R; Lambert, Marc; Li, Qiao. 1990 p129. Beijing Spring 1989: Confrontation and Conflict.
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1981:
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1951:. Whatever his use as a foreigner who advocated limiting the scope of democracy, his ideas seemed to have merit on their own.
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Consequently, the CCP's transformation into a right-wing elitist party occurred during the 1990s under Jiang Zeming's reign.
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Michel C. Oksenberg, Marc Lambert, Melanie Manion. 1990. P127-128. Beijing Spring 1989: Confrontation and Conflict.
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editorial "Realistic Responses and Strategic Options for China after the Soviet Upheaval", which responded to the
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1914:
1835:, decentralization accelerated under Deng Xiaoping. Writing in 1994, in an apparently neoauthoritarian vein,
1689:
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232:
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1888:, it would continue to infiltrate the upper echelons of the CCP as a neo-conservatism. Most associated with
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has been described as a "bowdlerized form of neoconservatism". Prominent neoconservative theorists include
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2003:, initially a leading neoauthoritarian who promoted "gradual reform under strong rule" after 1989, and
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views the neoauthoritarians as having attempted to avoid an economic crisis through dictatorship, and
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seemed dubious to Chinese leadership given the explosion of the market, giving credence to the idea.
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44:
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3593:
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2984:
2555:
2225:
2069:
1969:
1844:
1813:
With economic developments and political changes, China departed from totalitarianism towards what
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254:
140:
128:
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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6857:
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5771:
5571:
5512:
5261:
5231:
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968:
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801:
407:
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172:
133:
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At the Crossroads of Post-Communist Modernisation: Russia and China in Comparative Perspective
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4127:
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369:
269:
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4246:(1992). "Sirens of the Strongman: Neo-Authoritarianism in Recent Chinese Political Theory".
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is considered a major ideological proponent of neoconservatism and promoter of the ideas of
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5288:
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Zheng, Yongnian (Summer 1994). "Development and Democracy: Are They Compatible in China?".
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1973:
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as well. He considers it to have transformed into a kind of "neo-conservatism" after that.
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A central figure, if not principal proponent of Neoauthoritarianism, the "well-connected"
8:
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be a gift from the elite to the society rather than brought about by internal forces.
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1964:
1885:
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1609:
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Political Thought and China's Transformation: Ideas Shaping Reform in Post-Mao China
1947:
economies and continued to draw ideas from Samuel Huntington, particularly his book
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1996:
1988:
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1284:
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608:
200:
167:
160:
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7057:
6807:
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5252:
4629:
Realistic Revolution: Contesting Chinese History, Culture, and Politics after 1989
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With a more Marxistic foundation, Neoauthoritarianism is differentiated from both
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2089:
2038:
1208:
1128:
689:
618:
349:
212:
155:
150:
7247:
7147:
6687:
5632:
5017:
4968:
4528:
Fewsmith, Joseph (July 1995). "Neoconservatism and the End of the Dengist Era".
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and Lynn T. White nonetheless regard the neoauthoritarians as resonating with
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https://www.thechitnastory.org/key-intellectual/rong-jian-%E8%8D%A3%E5%89%91/
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2079:
1987:
The neoconservatives enjoyed the patronage of Jiang Zemin during his term as
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https://www.thechinastory.org/key-intellectual/rong-jian-%E8%8D%A3%E5%89%91/
4139:
https://www.thechinastory.org/key-intellectual/rong-jian-%E8%8D%A3%E5%89%91/
1896:, a leading advocate in the 1980s, would go on to become a close advisor to
9230:
9205:
8793:
8787:
7518:
7498:
7456:
7286:
7227:
7172:
7092:
7072:
7062:
6847:
6827:
6797:
6697:
6652:
6647:
6592:
6546:
6521:
6385:
5953:
5902:
5744:
5448:
5300:
5127:
5116:
5035:
4990:
4855:
4714:
4424:
3929:
3805:
3427:
3303:
2893:
2868:
2863:
2787:
2618:
2593:
2545:
2515:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2210:
2158:
2116:
2000:
1589:
1527:
1487:
1029:
633:
485:
447:
274:
5316:
9210:
8805:
8799:
7723:
7717:
7705:
7540:
7461:
7433:
7413:
7318:
7082:
6862:
6752:
6727:
6642:
6531:
6516:
6506:
6449:
6444:
6422:
6405:
6390:
6369:
6364:
5985:
5979:
5926:
5696:
5638:
5552:
5525:
5382:
5370:
5293:
5278:
5073:
4938:
4740:
Chris Bramall (2008), p. 328-239, 474-475. Chinese Economic Development.
4132:
Chris Bramall (2008), p. 328-239, 474-475. Chinese Economic Development.
4047:
3904:
3889:
3797:
3793:
3668:
3470:
3389:
2959:
2898:
2825:
2802:
2777:
2757:
2737:
2727:
2722:
2699:
2694:
2676:
2656:
2608:
2550:
2540:
2535:
2505:
2500:
2475:
2337:
2275:
2265:
2240:
2205:
2168:
2004:
1944:
1900:
1893:
1856:
1766:
1564:
1517:
1482:
1462:
1452:
1395:
993:
741:
684:
671:
648:
623:
603:
583:
573:
568:
525:
520:
515:
505:
452:
442:
437:
417:
289:
259:
207:
4126:
Peter Moody (2007), p. 151. Conservative Thought in Contemporary China.
3951:
7735:
7711:
7699:
7675:
6962:
6957:
6672:
6526:
6491:
6432:
6349:
6050:
5931:
5465:
5025:
4549:
4453:
4110:
3897:
Su Shaozi (1986): "What China needs today is a strong liberal leader."
3835:
superstructural development was necessary to facilitate economic growth
3663:
3254:
3091:
2913:
2858:
2767:
2752:
2704:
2530:
2520:
2245:
2015:
1955:
1719:
1554:
1549:
1467:
1410:
1400:
1385:
613:
598:
550:
545:
530:
432:
422:
264:
123:
4466:
Data for "Real GDP at Constant National Prices" and "Population" from
4277:
9246:
8840:
Secretary General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
8811:
8769:
7729:
7567:
7202:
6551:
6486:
6305:
6219:
6182:
6140:
6068:
5816:
5706:
5691:
5603:
5579:
5502:
5330:
5236:
4985:
4497:
Beijing Spring 1989: Confrontation and Conflict - The Basic Documents
3986:
3981:
3399:
2888:
2820:
2742:
2732:
2717:
2689:
2651:
2641:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2270:
2163:
2059:
1977:
1872:
Growth in per capita GDP in the tiger economies between 1960 and 2014
1447:
1420:
1405:
1355:
666:
588:
578:
563:
500:
195:
8835:
Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
4541:
4437:
4102:
8781:
8775:
7308:
7291:
6437:
6234:
6145:
5896:
5776:
5711:
5621:
5547:
5520:
5283:
5145:
5063:
4007:
3900:
3800:, the latter being a major architect of the Deng Xiaoping reforms.
3528:
3339:
2883:
2853:
2570:
2480:
2470:
2326:
1903:
in the 1990s. The neo-conservatives would enjoy Jiang's patronage.
1889:
1803:
1574:
1569:
1559:
1497:
1472:
1425:
1380:
1375:
490:
402:
397:
4566:
What if China Doesn't Democratize?: Implications for War and Peace
9195:
7212:
6772:
6427:
6359:
6150:
6018:
5942:
5627:
5584:
5491:
5104:
5068:
4804:
Yuezhi Zhao (1998), p.43. Media, Market, and Democracy in China.
4017:
2661:
2230:
2195:
1848:
1727:
1360:
1036:
694:
510:
279:
237:
1706:) since the 1990s, is a current of political thought within the
8763:
8128:
6417:
5219:
4824:
4467:
3830:
3657:
2908:
2671:
2646:
2565:
1922:
1881:
1697:
1671:
4769:
Cheek, Timothy; Ownby, David; Fogel, Joshua (March 14, 2018).
4185:
Communication in China: Political Economy, Power, and Conflict
7687:
6464:
2510:
1707:
1365:
9262:
Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee
6354:
6135:
5701:
4742:
https://books.google.com/books?id=A9Rr-M8MXAEC&pg=PA475
4134:
https://books.google.com/books?id=A9Rr-M8MXAEC&pg=PA475
4128:
https://books.google.com/books?id=PpRcDMl2Pu4C&pg=PA151
3484:
2190:
227:
38:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
4806:
https://books.google.com/books?id=hHkza3TX-LIC&pg=PA43
4468:
Economic Research at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4800:
4798:
4771:"Mapping the intellectual public sphere in China today"
4341:
4489:
3826:", to facilitate market reform and with it democracy.
7509:
Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States
4795:
1714:(CCP), that advocates a powerful state to facilitate
4395:
4393:
4188:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 170.
3919:
1847:
in December 1986, political discussions centered in
4201:
2965:
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress
1962:An important neoconservative document was the 1992
1863:
747:
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress
4122:
4120:
4390:
9297:
9257:List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
3907:emerging in the 1980s as a result of "dramatic"
1993:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
4768:
4682:"Meet the mastermind behind Xi Jinping's power"
4117:
4818:https://books.google.com/books?id=8pIYDQAAQBAJ
2011:, the CCP's highest executive body, headed by
7991:Working Committee of Central and State Organs
7624:
5463:
4840:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4485:
4483:
4421:
3773:
3199:Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates
1640:
1304:
901:Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates
6374:
5426:
5368:
5321:
5307:
5298:
5269:
4596:Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture
6912:European Conservatives and Reformists Party
4223:. Sameeksha Trust. June 2006. p. 2212.
4181:
1736:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
330:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
7631:
7617:
4847:
4833:
4656:Conservative Thought in Contemporary China
4625:
4514:
4480:
4362:Conservative Thought in Contemporary China
4202:Christer Pursiainen (September 10, 2012).
3780:
3766:
3242:Yuen Long Tin Shui Wai Democratic Alliance
3051:Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council
1843:Though the government took a clear stance
1752:Its origin was based in reworked ideas of
1647:
1633:
1311:
1297:
8116:Institute of Party History and Literature
8011:Office for Safeguarding National Security
7406:
4786:
4632:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
2975:Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers
1204:Chinese Canadian Conservative Association
757:Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers
67:Learn how and when to remove this message
4527:
4221:Economic and Political Weekly: Volume 41
3010:New Territories Association of Societies
1867:
1831:Having begun in the era of Mao Zedong's
792:New Territories Association of Societies
9321:Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party
4710:"The Nazi Inspiring China's Communists"
4569:. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 21–48.
4242:
4154:
3109:Republic of China (Taiwan, pro-Beijing)
1995:(1989–2002), and Jiang's theory of the
1774:, who compared it to his own ideology.
1726:even if elaborated in self-proclaimed "
852:Republic of China (Taiwan, pro-Beijing)
679:Republic of China (Taiwan, pro-Beijing)
9298:
9153:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
7818:Political and Legal Affairs Commission
4734:
4612:
3877:
3698:World League for Freedom and Democracy
3422:People's Republic of China (Mainland)
1615:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
1139:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
999:Triad § Chinese government connections
9267:Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party
7612:
4828:
4722:from the original on December 1, 2020
4652:
4490:Oksenberg, Michel C.; Lambert, Marc;
4358:
4086:
3814:Political Order in Changing Societies
3742:People's Republic of China portal
2931:People's Republic of China (Mainland)
2684:People's Republic of China (Mainland)
1949:Political Order in Changing Societies
1273:People's Republic of China portal
7905:Comprehensively Law-Based Governance
4562:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4150:
4148:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
3249:Republic of China (Taiwan, pan-Blue)
3086:Republic of China (Taiwan, pan-Blue)
2980:Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions
2970:Federation of Public Housing Estates
2833:Republic of China (Taiwan, pan-Blue)
762:Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions
752:Federation of Public Housing Estates
340:2020 Hong Kong national security law
20:
4707:
4589:
4206:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 156.
3822:state and reform-minded elite, or "
3395:Institute of Revolutionary Practice
3120:Chinese Unification Promotion Party
2955:Business and Professionals Alliance
858:Chinese Unification Promotion Party
737:Business and Professionals Alliance
13:
4701:
4679:
4320:
4155:Bramall, Chris (October 8, 2008).
3576:Conservative localism in Hong Kong
14:
9347:
9168:Scientific Outlook on Development
7996:Central Financial Work Commission
7900:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms
4227:
4145:
4065:
3262:Republic of China (Taiwan, other)
3137:Republic of China (Taiwan, other)
1880:With the failure of democracy in
1765:, policy makers close to Premier
1159:Scientific Outlook on Development
9279:
9278:
8064:Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
7639:
4854:
4401:"Rong Jian 荣剑 | The China Story"
4300:"Rong Jian 荣剑 | The China Story"
3950:
3936:
3922:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3711:
1864:Persistence as Neoconservativism
1336:
1278:
1266:
1254:
102:
25:
9316:Contemporary Chinese philosophy
9106:Communist Youth League of China
8141:Executive Leadership Academies
7841:Office of the General Secretary
6932:International Monarchist League
4810:
4762:
4753:
4708:Che, Chang (December 1, 2020).
4673:
4646:
4583:
4556:
4460:
4415:
4379:
2626:Republic of China (before 1949)
360:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
295:Three Stricts and Three Honests
8519:7th: 1945–1949 & 1954–1956
7915:Financial and Economic Affairs
4314:
4292:
4213:
4195:
4182:Yuezhi Zhao (March 20, 2008).
4175:
3629:Three Principles of the People
3204:Hong Kong Progressive Alliance
1982:particular national conditions
1927:
1918:
1710:(PRC), and to some extent the
1702:
1693:
1676:
1667:
906:Hong Kong Progressive Alliance
1:
9336:Syncretic political movements
8109:Chinese Academy of Governance
4680:Yi, Wang (November 6, 2017).
4659:. Plymouth: Lexington Books.
4594:. In Davis, Edward L. (ed.).
4059:
4023:Legalism (Chinese philosophy)
3224:Progressive Hong Kong Society
3209:Liberal Democratic Federation
3189:Co-operative Resources Centre
2406:Republic of China (1912-1949)
2007:, who became a member of the
1777:
926:Progressive Hong Kong Society
911:Liberal Democratic Federation
233:Eight Honors and Eight Shames
9331:Right-wing politics in China
8305:Politburo Standing Committee
7803:United Front Work Department
6927:International Democrat Union
4158:Chinese Economic Development
3730:Republic of China portal
3194:Federation for the Stability
3130:Patriot Alliance Association
2009:Politburo Standing Committee
1826:
1763:the socialist market economy
896:Federation for the Stability
873:Patriot Alliance Association
7:
7775:Central Military Commission
6942:Tradition, Family, Property
4090:Political Science Quarterly
3915:
3273:The Motorists' Party of ROC
3079:United Citizens Association
3074:New Macau Development Union
2421:Self-Strengthening Movement
2345:Empire of China (1915–1916)
1718:. It has been described as
835:United Citizens Association
830:New Macau Development Union
16:Political movement in China
10:
9352:
7952:Institutional Organization
7314:Traditionalist Catholicism
3977:Authoritarian conservatism
3796:was an advisor to Premier
3553:Taiwan (Republic of China)
3450:Republic of China (Taiwan)
1821:
1708:People's Republic of China
119:Authoritarian conservatism
9275:
9239:
9181:
9131:
9079:
8976:
8861:
8852:
8827:
8752:
8677:
8607:
8596:
8507:
8402:
8302:
8291:
8284:
8169:
8096:
8020:
7979:
7883:
7826:
7783:
7745:
7664:
7653:
7590:
7399:
7339:
7260:
6950:
6902:
6895:
6560:
6293:
6286:
6247:
6161:
6104:
6095:
5994:
5969:
5917:
5877:
5868:
5727:
5648:
5570:
5511:
5476:
5459:Italian school of elitism
5439:
5344:
5260:
5251:
5187:
5159:
5136:
5094:
5044:
5016:
4976:
4967:
4871:
4862:
4262:10.1017/S0305741000041230
3992:Chinese state nationalism
3844:
3681:History of the Kuomintang
3092:Chinese Nationalist Party
3015:Politihk Social Strategic
2021:
1855:(CCP) in early 1988 when
1680:), also known as Chinese
1331:Chinese political thought
1326:Movements in contemporary
1104:Conservatism in Hong Kong
797:Politihk Social Strategic
9091:People's Liberation Army
8001:Hong Kong Work Committee
7808:International Department
7479:Catholic social teaching
4788:10.1177/0920203X18759789
4626:van Dongen, Els (2019).
4359:Moody, Peter R. (2007).
4321:Li, H. (April 7, 2015).
3972:Authoritarian capitalism
3594:Authoritarian capitalism
2985:Kowloon West New Dynamic
1970:fall of the Soviet Union
1886:performance of Singapore
1794:of China, beginning the
1744:Soviet general secretary
1724:classically conservative
1241:Socialist market economy
1236:One country, two systems
1059:Hong Kong Economic Times
767:Kowloon West New Dynamic
9111:Young Pioneers of China
8680:CCDI Standing Committee
7981:Dispatched institutions
7793:Organization Department
7646:Chinese Communist Party
7429:Conservative liberalism
6917:European People's Party
4598:. Abingdon: Routledge.
3824:benevolent dictatorship
3718:Conservatism portal
3347:Classic of Filial Piety
3268:Congress Party Alliance
3237:123 Democratic Alliance
3183:Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)
2949:Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)
2937:Chinese Communist Party
2712:Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)
2321:Chinese economic reform
1853:Chinese Communist Party
1796:Chinese economic reform
1712:Chinese Communist Party
1261:Conservatism portal
1194:Anti-Japanese sentiment
1099:Authoritarian socialism
1045:Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)
890:Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)
731:Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)
723:Chinese Communist Party
558:Hong Kong (pro-Beijing)
355:Chinese economic reform
7947:Spiritual Civilization
7942:Science and Technology
7875:Policy Research Office
7813:Social Work Department
7747:Decision-making bodies
6922:Identity and Democracy
6375:
5464:
5427:
5369:
5322:
5308:
5299:
5270:
4494:(September 16, 2016).
4473:3 October 2019 at the
4411:on September 27, 2013.
4310:on September 27, 2013.
4038:Party-state capitalism
4003:Conservative socialism
3614:Party-state capitalism
3565:Variants and movements
3457:Chung T'ien Television
3361:The Revolutionary Army
3354:Farewell to Revolution
3214:New Hong Kong Alliance
2428:White Terror in Taiwan
2401:Project National Glory
1873:
1845:against liberalization
1199:Anti-Tibetan sentiment
1109:Conservative socialism
916:New Hong Kong Alliance
375:Wolf warrior diplomacy
47:by rewriting it in an
9306:Conservatism in China
9121:People's organization
9096:People's Armed Police
8979:Discipline Inspection
7828:Directly administered
7582:Small-c conservatives
7494:Counter-revolutionary
7484:Conservative feminism
7376:Counter-Enlightenment
7331:Traditionalist School
4653:Moody, Peter (2007).
4405:www.thechinastory.org
4304:www.thechinastory.org
4043:Revisionism (Marxism)
3997:Conservatism in China
3909:policy shifts in 1978
3692:Taiwanese nationalism
3125:For Public Good Party
3069:Macau-Guangdong Union
2384:Martial law in Taiwan
2040:Conservatism in China
2013:CCP general secretary
1980:according to China's
1898:CCP general secretary
1871:
1209:Conservatism in China
863:For Public Good Party
840:Union for Development
825:Macau-Guangdong Union
370:Sinicization of Tibet
270:Revisionism (Marxism)
223:Democratic centralism
141:Cultural conservatism
9158:Deng Xiaoping Theory
9116:United front (China)
8104:Central Party School
8006:Macau Work Committee
7846:Central Guard Bureau
7798:Publicity Department
7452:Anti-gender movement
7356:Bourbon Restauration
5609:National Catholicism
5324:Révolution nationale
5289:Integral nationalism
3811:Samuel Huntington's
3754:Hong Kong portal
3619:Carl Schmitt Thought
3290:Pro-Kuomintang camp
3032:Hong Kong (centrist)
2174:Imperial examination
1974:Bolshevik Revolution
1285:Communism portal
1149:Deng Xiaoping Theory
1129:Carl Schmitt Thought
9252:Neoauthoritarianism
8510:Military Commission
8285:Leadership sittings
8081:Hong Kong and Macau
7863:Cryptography Office
7594:Conservatism portal
7558:Right-wing politics
7297:Jewish conservatism
7270:Christian democracy
6517:Social institutions
6323:Collective identity
6318:Class collaboration
6126:Clerico-nationalism
5675:Muscular liberalism
5008:Neoauthoritarianism
4687:The Washington Post
4590:Liu, Chang (2005).
4365:. Lexington Books.
4249:The China Quarterly
3944:Conservatism portal
3878:Criticism and views
3686:Liberalism in China
3609:Hui pan-nationalism
3405:Western Hills Group
3385:Confucius Institute
3380:Blue Shirts Society
3231:Hong Kong (pro-ROC)
3064:Alliance for Change
3058:Macau (pro-Beijing)
3045:Hong Kong (pro-ROC)
2810:Macau (pro-Beijing)
2416:Tongzhi Restoration
2102:Neoauthoritarianism
1833:Cultural Revolution
1800:New Economic Policy
1660:Neoauthoritarianism
1620:Democracy movements
1440:Neoauthoritarianism
1231:New Economic Policy
1114:Hui pan-nationalism
1066:Oriental Daily News
989:Confucius Institute
845:Women's Association
820:Alliance for Change
814:Macau (pro-Beijing)
656:Macau (pro-Beijing)
173:Social conservatism
146:Chinese nationalism
93:Neoauthoritarianism
9211:Crown Prince Party
9173:Xi Jinping Thought
9148:Mao Zedong Thought
9082:Wider organisation
7925:Cyberspace Affairs
7851:Central Guard Unit
7764:Standing Committee
7514:LGBTQ conservatism
7467:Black conservatism
7381:German Romanticism
7371:Conservative Order
7361:Congress of Vienna
6937:Muslim Brotherhood
6783:Corrêa de Oliveira
6482:Organized religion
6411:Complementarianism
5498:National Democracy
4592:"Neo-Conservatism"
3872:Chinese liberalism
3639:Xi Jinping Thought
3588:Related ideologies
3522:Central Daily News
3219:Professional Forum
3155:Historical parties
3102:People First Party
3038:Professional Power
3000:New People's Party
2839:Chiang (Ching-kuo)
2632:Chiang (Ching-kuo)
2374:Manchu Restoration
2362:Hua–Yi distinction
2333:Dynasties of China
1874:
1164:Xi Jinping Thought
1134:Social imperialism
1093:Related ideologies
921:Professional Forum
885:Historical parties
782:New People's Party
345:Anti-Secession Law
285:Syncretic politics
49:encyclopedic style
36:is written like a
9326:Politics of China
9293:
9292:
9221:New Zhijiang Army
9075:
9074:
9071:
9070:
8864:Central Committee
8855:National Congress
8848:
8847:
8600:Central Committee
8592:
8591:
8295:Central Committee
8172:National Congress
8165:
8164:
8032:Cryptography Work
7983:for co-ordination
7937:National Security
7887:for co-ordination
7755:General Secretary
7656:Central Committee
7606:
7605:
7489:Conservative wave
7442:
7441:
7366:Concert of Europe
7302:Religious Zionism
7256:
7255:
6891:
6890:
6328:Cultural heritage
6301:Ancestral worship
6282:
6281:
6243:
6242:
6091:
6090:
5909:Orthodox Peronism
5864:
5863:
5364:Historical School
5247:
5246:
4775:China Information
4507:978-1-315-28907-6
4432:(11): 1099–1117.
4372:978-0-7391-2046-0
4334:978-1-137-42781-6
4168:978-1-134-19051-5
4053:Ultraconservatism
3967:Politics of China
3790:
3789:
3624:State nationalism
3492:United Daily News
3310:Pro-Beijing camp
3294:Republic of China
3161:Progressive Party
3143:Young China Party
3115:Chinese New Party
3097:Chinese New Party
2995:New Century Forum
2844:Chiang (Kai-shek)
2637:Chiang (Kai-shek)
2411:Shanghai massacre
2396:New Life Movement
2316:Chinese Civil War
2236:Mandate of Heaven
2154:Ancestral worship
2075:Dai Jitao Thought
1965:China Youth Daily
1928:xīn bǎoshǒu zhǔyì
1754:Samuel Huntington
1747:Mikhail Gorbachev
1703:xīn bǎoshǒu zhǔyì
1682:Neoconservativism
1677:xīn quánwēi zhǔyì
1657:
1656:
1610:Politics of China
1321:
1320:
943:Pro-Beijing camp
777:New Century Forum
178:Ultraconservatism
77:
76:
69:
9343:
9311:Authoritarianism
9286:
9282:
9281:
9240:Related articles
9184:
9163:Three Represents
9143:Marxism–Leninism
9135:
9083:
8980:
8865:
8859:
8858:
8756:
8681:
8611:
8605:
8604:
8601:
8511:
8406:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8296:
8289:
8288:
8173:
8024:
7984:
7888:
7868:Central Archives
7829:
7786:
7748:
7668:
7662:
7661:
7657:
7647:
7643:
7633:
7626:
7619:
7610:
7609:
7563:Authoritarianism
7424:Communitarianism
7419:Clerical fascism
7404:
7403:
7280:Theoconservatism
6900:
6899:
6703:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
6512:Social hierarchy
6497:Private property
6380:
6291:
6290:
6102:
6101:
5885:Federal Peronism
5875:
5874:
5559:Pochvennichestvo
5536:Black-hundredism
5469:
5454:Historical Right
5432:
5374:
5327:
5313:
5304:
5275:
5272:Action Française
5258:
5257:
4974:
4973:
4869:
4868:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4751:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4623:
4610:
4609:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4525:
4512:
4511:
4487:
4478:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4407:. Archived from
4397:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4356:
4339:
4338:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4306:. Archived from
4296:
4290:
4289:
4240:
4225:
4224:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4152:
4143:
4124:
4115:
4114:
4084:
4028:Neo-Confucianism
4013:Economy of China
3999:(disambiguation)
3960:
3955:
3954:
3946:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3886:Chinese-Canadian
3868:New Confucianism
3864:Chinese New Left
3850:more important.
3782:
3775:
3768:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3634:Three Represents
3478:Commercial Times
3464:China Television
3255:Republican Party
3166:Republican Party
2904:Soong (Mei-ling)
2793:Tsang (Yok-sing)
2355:Tributary system
2065:Communitarianism
2041:
2026:
2025:
1997:Three Represents
1976:and reformulate
1929:
1920:
1907:New Conservatism
1808:market socialism
1704:
1695:
1686:New Conservatism
1678:
1669:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1340:
1323:
1322:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1214:Economy of China
1184:Anti-Americanism
1154:Three Represents
1144:State capitalism
1119:Market socialism
639:Tsang (Yok-sing)
201:Authoritarianism
168:New Confucianism
106:
96:
79:
78:
72:
65:
61:
58:
52:
29:
28:
21:
9351:
9350:
9346:
9345:
9344:
9342:
9341:
9340:
9296:
9295:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9271:
9235:
9201:Tsinghua clique
9191:Shanghai clique
9182:
9177:
9133:
9127:
9101:Militia (China)
9081:
9067:
9063:20th: 2022–2027
9058:19th: 2017–2022
9053:18th: 2012–2017
9048:17th: 2007–2012
9043:16th: 2002–2007
9038:15th: 1997–2022
9033:14th: 1992–1997
9028:13th: 1987–1992
9023:12th: 1982–1987
9018:11th: 1978–1982
8978:
8972:
8968:20th: 2022–2027
8963:19th: 2017–2022
8958:18th: 2012–2017
8953:17th: 2007–2012
8948:16th: 2002–2007
8943:15th: 1997–2002
8938:14th: 1992–1997
8933:13th: 1987–1992
8928:12th: 1982–1987
8923:11th: 1977–1982
8918:10th: 1973–1977
8863:
8854:
8844:
8823:
8754:
8748:
8744:20th: 2022–2027
8739:19th: 2017–2022
8734:18th: 2012–2017
8729:17th: 2007–2012
8724:16th: 2002–2007
8719:15th: 1997–2002
8714:14th: 1992–1997
8709:13th: 1987–1992
8704:12th: 1982–1987
8699:11th: 1978–1982
8679:
8673:
8669:20th: 2022–2027
8664:19th: 2017–2022
8659:18th: 2012–2017
8654:17th: 2007–2012
8649:16th: 2002–2007
8644:15th: 1997–2002
8639:14th: 1992–1997
8634:13th: 1987–1992
8629:12th: 1982–1987
8624:11th: 1980–1982
8609:
8599:
8598:Approved by the
8597:
8588:
8584:20th: 2022–2027
8579:19th: 2017–2022
8574:18th: 2012–2017
8569:17th: 2007–2012
8564:16th: 2002–2007
8559:15th: 1997–2002
8554:14th: 1992–1997
8549:13th: 1987–1992
8544:12th: 1982–1987
8539:11th: 1977–1982
8534:10th: 1973–1977
8509:
8503:
8499:20th: 2022–2027
8494:19th: 2017–2022
8489:18th: 2012–2017
8484:17th: 2007–2012
8479:16th: 2002–2007
8474:15th: 1997–2002
8469:14th: 1992–1997
8464:13th: 1987–1992
8459:12th: 1982–1987
8454:11th: 1977–1982
8449:10th: 1973–1977
8404:
8398:
8394:20th: 2022–2027
8389:19th: 2017–2022
8384:18th: 2012–2017
8379:17th: 2007–2012
8374:16th: 2002–2007
8369:15th: 1997–2002
8364:14th: 1992–1997
8359:13th: 1987–1992
8354:12th: 1982–1987
8349:11th: 1977–1982
8344:10th: 1973–1977
8304:
8294:
8292:
8280:
8171:
8161:
8136:Guangming Daily
8092:
8059:Military Reform
8054:Inspection Work
8022:
8016:
7982:
7980:
7975:
7920:Foreign Affairs
7886:
7884:
7879:
7827:
7822:
7784:
7779:
7746:
7741:
7666:
7655:
7649:
7645:
7637:
7607:
7602:
7599:Politics portal
7586:
7438:
7395:
7341:
7335:
7275:Christian right
7252:
7178:Prat de la Riba
6946:
6887:
6556:
6502:Public morality
6472:Ordered liberty
6377:Noblesse oblige
6338:Culture of life
6333:Cultural values
6278:
6239:
6164:
6157:
6087:
5990:
5965:
5913:
5860:
5723:
5651:
5644:
5597:Carlo-francoism
5566:
5507:
5472:
5435:
5422:State Socialism
5340:
5310:Nouvelle Droite
5243:
5183:
5155:
5132:
5090:
5040:
5012:
4963:
4864:
4858:
4853:
4823:
4815:
4811:
4803:
4796:
4767:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4739:
4735:
4725:
4723:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4651:
4647:
4640:
4624:
4613:
4606:
4588:
4584:
4577:
4561:
4557:
4542:10.2307/2645420
4526:
4515:
4508:
4492:Manion, Melanie
4488:
4481:
4475:Wayback Machine
4465:
4461:
4438:10.2307/2644692
4420:
4416:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4380:
4373:
4357:
4342:
4335:
4319:
4315:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4256:(129): 72–102.
4241:
4228:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4200:
4196:
4180:
4176:
4169:
4153:
4146:
4125:
4118:
4103:10.2307/2152624
4085:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4033:Neo-nationalism
3958:Politics portal
3956:
3949:
3942:
3937:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3880:
3847:
3786:
3748:
3746:
3736:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3703:
3702:
3652:
3644:
3643:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3566:
3558:
3557:
3543:
3535:
3534:
3512:
3507:The Epoch Times
3497:
3447:
3432:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3375:
3367:
3366:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3286:
3278:
3277:
3259:
3246:
3228:
3180:
3156:
3148:
3147:
3134:
3106:
3083:
3055:
3042:
3029:
3025:Silent Majority
2946:
2927:
2919:
2918:
2849:Chiang (Wan-an)
2830:
2807:
2709:
2681:
2623:
2584:
2576:
2575:
2496:Jiang (Shigong)
2446:
2438:
2437:
2389:Language policy
2367:Four Barbarians
2311:Boxer Rebellion
2306:Boluan Fanzheng
2296:
2288:
2287:
2181:Chinese culture
2149:
2141:
2140:
2050:
2039:
2024:
1911:neoconservatism
1892:intellectuals,
1884:, and the good
1866:
1829:
1824:
1806:, in favour of
1780:
1756:, advising the
1653:
1624:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1544:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1442:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1350:
1317:
1279:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1189:Anti-Falun Gong
1179:
1171:
1170:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1042:
1012:
1004:
1003:
984:
976:
975:
939:
931:
930:
886:
878:
877:
849:
811:
807:Silent Majority
728:
713:
705:
704:
676:
653:
555:
476:
468:
467:
413:Jiang (Shigong)
388:
380:
379:
350:Boluan Fanzheng
325:
317:
316:
213:Chinese culture
191:
183:
182:
114:
94:
92:
73:
62:
56:
53:
45:help improve it
42:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9349:
9339:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9291:
9290:
9276:
9273:
9272:
9270:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9243:
9241:
9237:
9236:
9234:
9233:
9228:
9226:Xishan Society
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9187:
9185:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9139:
9137:
9129:
9128:
9126:
9125:
9124:
9123:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9087:
9085:
9077:
9076:
9073:
9072:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
9013:8th: 1956–1969
9010:
9000:
8990:
8988:5th: 1927–1928
8984:
8982:
8974:
8973:
8971:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8913:9th: 1969–1973
8910:
8908:8th: 1956–1969
8905:
8903:7th: 1945–1956
8900:
8898:6th: 1928–1945
8895:
8893:5th: 1927–1928
8890:
8888:4th: 1925–1927
8885:
8883:3rd: 1923–1925
8880:
8878:2nd: 1922–1923
8875:
8873:1st: 1921–1922
8869:
8867:
8856:
8850:
8849:
8846:
8845:
8843:
8842:
8837:
8831:
8829:
8825:
8824:
8822:
8821:
8815:
8809:
8803:
8797:
8791:
8785:
8779:
8773:
8767:
8760:
8758:
8755:CCDI Secretary
8750:
8749:
8747:
8746:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8694:8th: 1956–1969
8691:
8685:
8683:
8675:
8674:
8672:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8619:8th: 1956–1969
8615:
8613:
8602:
8594:
8593:
8590:
8589:
8587:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8529:9th: 1969–1973
8526:
8524:8th: 1956–1969
8521:
8515:
8513:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8444:9th: 1969–1973
8441:
8439:8th: 1956–1969
8436:
8434:7th: 1945–1956
8431:
8429:6th: 1928–1945
8426:
8424:5th: 1927–1928
8421:
8419:4th: 1925–1927
8416:
8414:3rd: 1923–1925
8410:
8408:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8339:9th: 1969–1973
8336:
8334:8th: 1956–1969
8331:
8329:7th: 1945–1956
8326:
8324:6th: 1928–1945
8321:
8319:5th: 1927–1928
8316:
8310:
8308:
8297:
8293:Elected by the
8286:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8177:
8175:
8167:
8166:
8163:
8162:
8160:
8159:
8158:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8139:
8132:
8125:
8122:People's Daily
8118:
8113:
8112:
8111:
8100:
8098:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8090:
8089:
8088:
8078:
8077:
8076:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8040:
8039:
8028:
8026:
8023:Leading groups
8018:
8017:
8015:
8014:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7987:
7985:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7973:
7972:
7971:
7961:
7960:
7959:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7933:
7932:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7891:
7889:
7881:
7880:
7878:
7877:
7872:
7871:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7858:Secrecy Office
7855:
7854:
7853:
7843:
7836:General Office
7832:
7830:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7789:
7787:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7757:
7751:
7749:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7738:(2012–present)
7733:
7727:
7721:
7715:
7709:
7703:
7697:
7691:
7685:
7679:
7672:
7670:
7659:
7651:
7650:
7636:
7635:
7628:
7621:
7613:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7588:
7587:
7585:
7584:
7579:
7578:
7577:
7576:
7575:
7565:
7555:
7550:
7549:
7548:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7531:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7504:Ethnopluralism
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7475:
7474:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7447:Anti-communism
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7410:
7408:
7401:
7397:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7391:Ultra-royalism
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7345:
7343:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7328:
7327:
7326:
7324:Ultramontanism
7321:
7311:
7306:
7305:
7304:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7272:
7266:
7264:
7258:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6954:
6952:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6908:
6906:
6897:
6893:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6564:
6562:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6537:State religion
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6447:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6403:
6401:Fundamentalism
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6372:
6367:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6288:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6267:National Right
6264:
6253:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6237:
6232:
6230:Traditionalist
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6175:
6169:
6167:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6110:
6108:
6099:
6093:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6080:Perezjimenismo
6073:
6072:
6071:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6053:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6004:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5983:
5975:
5973:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5946:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5923:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5899:
5894:
5887:
5881:
5879:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5821:
5820:
5819:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5737:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5667:
5662:
5656:
5654:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5635:
5633:Neocatholicism
5630:
5625:
5618:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5582:
5576:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5528:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5488:
5486:Golden Liberty
5482:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5445:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5380:
5378:Ordoliberalism
5375:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5336:Ultra-royalism
5333:
5328:
5319:
5314:
5305:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5255:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5229:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5179:Neo-Ottomanism
5176:
5171:
5165:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5113:
5108:
5100:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5054:Fundamentalist
5050:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5022:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4954:Traditionalist
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4875:
4873:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4852:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4829:
4822:
4821:
4809:
4794:
4781:(1): 108–120.
4761:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4733:
4700:
4672:
4666:978-0739120460
4665:
4645:
4639:978-1108421300
4638:
4611:
4604:
4582:
4575:
4555:
4536:(7): 635–651.
4513:
4506:
4479:
4459:
4414:
4389:
4378:
4371:
4340:
4333:
4313:
4291:
4244:Sautman, Barry
4226:
4212:
4194:
4174:
4167:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4116:
4097:(2): 235–259.
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3947:
3933:
3917:
3914:
3879:
3876:
3846:
3843:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3720:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3674:Hanfu Movement
3666:
3661:
3653:
3651:Related topics
3650:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3604:Han chauvinism
3601:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3571:Anti-communism
3567:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3511:
3510:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3446:
3445:
3442:Sing Tao Daily
3431:
3430:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3299:mainland China
3296:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3258:
3257:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3171:Royalist Party
3168:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3054:
3053:
3041:
3040:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2945:
2944:
2928:
2926:Extant parties
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Hau (Pei-tsun)
2866:
2864:Hau (Lung-pin)
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2788:Tsang (Donald)
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2588:Imperial China
2585:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:Xueheng School
2430:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2381:
2379:Nanjing decade
2376:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2350:Imperial China
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2301:1992 Consensus
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2282:Zhonghua minzu
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2201:Exceptionalism
2198:
2193:
2188:
2186:Genealogy Book
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2112:Traditionalist
2109:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2020:
1954:Social critic
1865:
1862:
1837:Zheng Yongnian
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1802:, or economic
1779:
1776:
1758:post-Communist
1716:market reforms
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:Wang Shaoguang
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1523:Daniel A. Bell
1520:
1515:
1513:Kang Xiaoguang
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1493:Zheng Yongnian
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1178:Related topics
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1124:Post-communism
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1073:Sing Tao Daily
1069:
1062:
1055:
1052:Headline Daily
1041:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1016:Mainland China
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
985:
982:
981:
978:
977:
974:
973:
972:
971:
966:
956:
955:
954:
949:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
848:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
727:
726:
717:Mainland China
714:
712:Extant parties
711:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
697:
692:
687:
675:
674:
669:
664:
652:
651:
646:
641:
636:
634:Tsang (Donald)
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
554:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
486:Chen (Kuiyuan)
480:Mainland China
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
335:1992 Consensus
332:
326:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:Zhonghua minzu
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
251:
250:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
204:
203:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
175:
170:
165:
164:
163:
158:
153:
143:
138:
137:
136:
131:
121:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
99:
98:
88:
87:
75:
74:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9348:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9303:
9301:
9288:
9287:
9274:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9244:
9242:
9238:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9216:Fujian clique
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9188:
9186:
9180:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9140:
9138:
9136:
9130:
9122:
9119:
9118:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9088:
9086:
9084:
9078:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9005:
9001:
8999:
8995:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8985:
8983:
8981:
8975:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8870:
8868:
8866:
8860:
8857:
8851:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8832:
8830:
8826:
8819:
8816:
8813:
8810:
8807:
8804:
8801:
8798:
8795:
8792:
8789:
8786:
8783:
8780:
8777:
8774:
8771:
8768:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8759:
8757:
8751:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8689:7th 1949–1956
8687:
8686:
8684:
8682:
8676:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8616:
8614:
8612:
8606:
8603:
8595:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8516:
8514:
8512:
8506:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8401:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8311:
8309:
8307:
8301:
8298:
8290:
8287:
8283:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8178:
8176:
8174:
8168:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8137:
8133:
8131:
8130:
8126:
8124:
8123:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8095:
8087:
8084:
8083:
8082:
8079:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8038:
8035:
8034:
8033:
8030:
8029:
8027:
8025:
8019:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7988:
7986:
7978:
7970:
7967:
7966:
7965:
7962:
7958:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7931:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7882:
7876:
7873:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7852:
7849:
7848:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7825:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7782:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7765:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7744:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7722:
7719:
7716:
7713:
7710:
7707:
7704:
7701:
7698:
7695:
7694:Zhang Wentian
7692:
7689:
7686:
7683:
7682:Xiang Zhongfa
7680:
7677:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7669:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7652:
7648:
7642:
7634:
7629:
7627:
7622:
7620:
7615:
7614:
7611:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7589:
7583:
7580:
7574:
7571:
7570:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7560:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7553:Right realism
7551:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7539:
7535:
7534:United States
7532:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7524:Radical right
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7473:
7472:United States
7470:
7469:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7444:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7405:
7402:
7398:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7386:Holy Alliance
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7351:
7350:Ancien régime
7347:
7346:
7344:
7338:
7332:
7329:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7158:Pérez Jiménez
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6949:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6904:Organisations
6901:
6898:
6894:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6608:Chateaubriand
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6561:Intellectuals
6559:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6396:Family values
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6386:Ethical order
6384:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6289:
6285:
6275:
6272:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6173:Compassionate
6171:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6160:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6097:North America
6094:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5968:
5962:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5870:Latin America
5867:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5687:One-nationism
5685:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5670:Compassionate
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5591:Carloctavismo
5588:
5587:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5412:Ritter School
5410:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5400:Revolutionary
5398:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5123:Shōwa Statism
5121:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4919:Paternalistic
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4879:Authoritarian
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:International
4870:
4867:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4845:
4843:
4838:
4836:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4789:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4765:
4756:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4737:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4704:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4676:
4668:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4607:
4605:9781134549535
4601:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4578:
4576:9781317452218
4572:
4568:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4509:
4503:
4500:. Routledge.
4499:
4498:
4493:
4486:
4484:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4463:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4387:
4382:
4374:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4336:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4222:
4216:
4209:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4164:
4161:. Routledge.
4160:
4159:
4151:
4149:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3948:
3945:
3934:
3931:
3920:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3894:Barry Sautman
3891:
3887:
3883:
3875:
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3802:Jiang Shigong
3799:
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3374:Organisations
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3018:
3016:
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3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
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2991:
2990:Liberal Party
2988:
2986:
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2978:
2976:
2973:
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2966:
2963:
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2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:Soong (James)
2897:
2895:
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2887:
2885:
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2877:
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2850:
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2837:
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2834:
2827:
2826:Ho (Iat Seng)
2824:
2822:
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2814:
2813:
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2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
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2786:
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2776:
2774:
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2769:
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2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:Lee (Dominic)
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Ip (Kwok-him)
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:Chan (Joephy)
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
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2600:
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2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
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2494:
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2484:
2482:
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2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2445:Intellectuals
2442:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
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2329:
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2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2226:Law and order
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2055:Authoritarian
2053:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1933:modernization
1930:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1870:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1819:
1816:
1815:Harry Harding
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:Deng Xiaoping
1785:
1775:
1773:
1772:Deng Xiaoping
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
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1538:
1537:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Jiang Shigong
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:Zhang Qianfan
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:Zhang Weiying
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1295:
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1286:
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1274:
1264:
1262:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1023:Beijing Daily
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
983:Organisations
980:
979:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
960:
957:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
942:
941:
935:
934:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
891:
882:
881:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
854:
853:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
816:
815:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
772:Liberal Party
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
732:
724:
721:
720:
719:
718:
709:
708:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
681:
680:
673:
672:Ho (Iat Seng)
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
658:
657:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:Lee (Dominic)
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
584:Ip (Kwok-him)
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
569:Chan (Joephy)
567:
565:
562:
561:
560:
559:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
526:Wang (Qishan)
524:
522:
521:Wang (Huning)
519:
517:
516:Li (Xiannian)
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
482:
481:
472:
471:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
387:Intellectuals
384:
383:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
321:
320:
313:
312:
308:
306:
305:Unitary state
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
255:Law and order
253:
249:
246:
245:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
218:Chinese Dream
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
202:
199:
198:
197:
194:
193:
187:
186:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
142:
139:
135:
132:
130:
129:Authoritarian
127:
126:
125:
122:
120:
117:
116:
110:
109:
105:
101:
100:
97:
90:
89:
85:
81:
80:
71:
68:
60:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
23:
22:
19:
9277:
9251:
9231:Gang of Four
9206:Eight Elders
8794:Wu Guanzheng
8788:Wei Jianxing
8155:Jinggangshan
8134:
8127:
8120:
8013:in Hong Kong
7519:Para-fascism
7499:Elite theory
7457:Anti-Masonry
7348:
7287:Confucianism
7063:John Paul II
6838:Solzhenitsyn
6547:Subsidiarity
6522:Social order
6262:Centre Right
6078:
6056:
6011:
5978:
5954:Patrianovism
5941:
5903:Nacionalismo
5901:
5889:
5637:
5620:
5589:
5557:
5490:
5449:Berlusconism
5388:Cameralistic
5301:Maurrassisme
5128:State Shinto
5117:Nippon Kaigi
5115:
5103:
5007:
4991:Confucianism
4856:Conservatism
4812:
4778:
4774:
4764:
4755:
4736:
4724:. Retrieved
4715:The Atlantic
4713:
4703:
4691:. Retrieved
4685:
4675:
4655:
4648:
4628:
4595:
4585:
4565:
4558:
4533:
4530:Asian Survey
4529:
4496:
4462:
4429:
4425:Asian Survey
4423:
4417:
4409:the original
4404:
4381:
4361:
4327:. Springer.
4323:
4316:
4308:the original
4303:
4294:
4253:
4247:
4220:
4215:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4189:
4184:
4177:
4157:
4094:
4088:
3930:China portal
3899:
3888:sociologist
3884:
3881:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3839:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3810:
3806:Carl Schmitt
3791:
3656:
3527:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3428:Global Times
3421:
3420:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3261:
3260:
3248:
3247:
3230:
3229:
3182:
3181:
3136:
3135:
3108:
3107:
3085:
3084:
3057:
3056:
3044:
3043:
3031:
3030:
3005:New Prospect
2948:
2947:
2940:
2930:
2929:
2832:
2831:
2809:
2808:
2768:Lee (Starry)
2711:
2710:
2683:
2682:
2625:
2624:
2587:
2586:
2491:Jiang (Qing)
2325:
2280:
2261:Social order
2256:Sinocentrism
2251:Sinicization
2211:Filial piety
2159:Asian values
2117:Confucianism
2101:
2001:Xiao Gongqin
1986:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1937:
1926:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1879:
1875:
1842:
1830:
1812:
1784:Third Plenum
1781:
1751:
1732:
1701:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1659:
1658:
1590:Qiu Zhanxuan
1528:Chen Kuiyuan
1488:Xiao Gongqin
1458:Zhang Weiwei
1439:
1080:The Standard
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1030:Global Times
1028:
1021:
1015:
1014:
959:United front
889:
888:
851:
850:
813:
812:
787:New Prospect
730:
729:
716:
715:
678:
677:
655:
654:
614:Lee (Starry)
557:
556:
479:
478:
408:Jiang (Qing)
365:Property Law
309:
275:Social order
91:
63:
54:
35:
18:
8806:Wang Qishan
8800:He Guoqiang
8790:(1992–2002)
8610:Secretariat
8276:20th (2022)
8271:19th (2017)
8266:18th (2012)
8261:17th (2007)
8256:16th (2002)
8251:15th (1997)
8246:14th (1992)
8241:13th (1987)
8236:12th (1982)
8231:11th (1977)
8226:10th (1973)
7885:Commissions
7785:Departments
7770:Secretariat
7732:(2002–2012)
7726:(1989–2002)
7724:Jiang Zemin
7720:(1987–1989)
7718:Zhao Ziyang
7714:(1981–1987)
7708:(1976–1981)
7706:Hua Guofeng
7702:(1943–1976)
7696:(1935–1943)
7690:(1931–1935)
7684:(1928–1931)
7678:(1921–1927)
7541:Reactionary
7462:Aristocracy
7434:Corporatism
7414:Agrarianism
7319:Integralism
7013:Diefenbaker
6951:Politicians
6873:Tocqueville
6588:Buckley Jr.
6542:Stewardship
6532:Sovereignty
6507:Rule of law
6455:Conventions
6445:Nationalism
6423:Imperialism
6406:Gender role
6391:Familialism
6370:Meritocracy
6365:Aristocracy
6311:Traditional
6274:New Zealand
6178:Libertarian
5986:Pinochetism
5980:Gremialismo
5937:Integralism
5927:Bolsonarism
5891:Maurrasismo
5851:Switzerland
5804:Netherlands
5697:Thatcherism
5639:Noucentisme
5553:Slavophilia
5526:Eurasianism
5417:Romanticism
5383:Prussianism
5371:Neue Rechte
5279:Bonapartism
5138:South Korea
5084:Revisionist
5036:Principlist
4939:Reactionary
4934:Progressive
4884:Corporatist
4726:December 1,
4048:Technocracy
3905:technocracy
3890:Yuezhi Zhao
3798:Zhao Ziyang
3794:Wu Jiaxiang
3669:Han Chinese
3471:China Times
3390:Group of 89
3176:Unity Party
2960:Civil Force
2821:Ho (Edmund)
2743:Ip (Regina)
2718:Chan (Gary)
2652:Hu (Hanmin)
2642:Dai (Jitao)
2583:Politicians
2276:Technocracy
2266:Sovereignty
2241:Meritocracy
2221:Irredentism
2206:Familialism
2169:Bureaucracy
2085:Nationalist
2005:Wang Huning
1945:Asian Tiger
1901:Jiang Zemin
1894:Wang Huning
1857:Wu Jiaxiang
1767:Zhao Ziyang
1565:Cui Zhiyuan
1518:Yan Xuetong
1483:Wu Jiaxiang
1463:Jin Canrong
1453:Wang Huning
1396:Wu Jinglian
994:Group of 89
868:Labor Party
742:Civil Force
667:Ho (Edmund)
589:Ip (Regina)
564:Chan (Gary)
475:Politicians
300:Unification
290:Technocracy
260:Meritocracy
248:Irredentism
243:Imperialism
208:Bureaucracy
134:Party-state
9300:Categories
9134:Ideologies
8853:Elected by
8221:9th (1969)
8216:8th (1956)
8211:7th (1945)
8206:6th (1928)
8201:5th (1927)
8196:4th (1925)
8191:3rd (1923)
8186:2nd (1922)
8181:1st (1921)
8049:Rural Work
7736:Xi Jinping
7712:Hu Yaobang
7700:Mao Zedong
7676:Chen Duxiu
7407:Ideologies
7342:background
7340:Historical
7128:Metternich
7103:Mannerheim
6978:Berlusconi
6708:La Mennais
6638:Dostoevsky
6613:Chesterton
6527:Solidarity
6492:Patriotism
6477:Organicism
6433:Monarchism
6350:Discipline
6294:Principles
6287:Philosophy
6075:Venezuela
6051:Fujimorism
5949:Monarchist
5932:Coronelism
5839:Monarchist
5827:Monarchist
5799:Luxembourg
5765:Monarchist
5660:Cameronism
5531:Monarchist
5466:Sanfedismo
5294:Legitimism
5195:Bangladesh
5174:Erdoğanism
5169:Democratic
5031:Monarchist
5026:Khomeinism
4060:References
3694:(opposing)
3688:(opposing)
3664:Falun Gong
3333:Literature
3020:Roundtable
2763:Lee (John)
2599:Emperor Wu
2246:Patriotism
2148:Principles
2080:Monarchism
2049:Ideologies
2016:Xi Jinping
1989:top leader
1956:Liu Xiaobo
1792:top leader
1786:that made
1778:Background
1740:leadership
1730:" theory.
1720:right-wing
1555:Deng Liqun
1550:Dai Jinhua
1508:Jiang Qing
1468:Eric X. Li
1411:He Weifang
1401:Liu Xiaobo
1386:Zhu Xueqin
1348:Liberalism
802:Roundtable
725:(factions)
609:Lee (John)
491:Chen (Yun)
265:Patriotism
190:Principles
124:Capitalism
113:Ideologies
57:March 2024
9247:Shuanggui
9183:Groupings
9008:1955–1956
9004:1949–1955
8998:1933–1945
8994:1928–1933
8814:(2017–22)
8812:Zhao Leji
8808:(2012–17)
8802:(2007–12)
8796:(2002–07)
8784:(1987–92)
8778:(1978–87)
8772:(1955–68)
8770:Dong Biwu
8766:(1949–55)
8405:Politburo
8314:4th: 1927
8044:Education
7910:Financial
7760:Politburo
7730:Hu Jintao
7238:de Valera
7198:Salisbury
7143:Netanyahu
7098:Macdonald
7068:Kaczyński
7048:de Gaulle
7008:Churchill
6988:Bolsonaro
6973:Andreotti
6813:Santayana
6778:Oakeshott
6738:Mansfield
6618:Coleridge
6568:Bainville
6552:Tradition
6487:Orthodoxy
6306:Authority
6257:Australia
6220:Reaganism
6210:Old Right
6193:Tea Party
6183:Fusionism
6069:Herrerism
6031:Guatemala
5878:Argentina
5817:Miguelist
5813:Portugal
5692:Powellism
5616:Integrism
5604:Francoism
5580:Alfonsism
5503:Sarmatism
5393:Socialist
5331:Sarkozysm
5317:Orléanism
5237:Chiangism
5227:Singapore
5200:Hong Kong
5151:New Right
5079:Religious
4986:Chiangism
4944:Religious
4929:Pragmatic
4865:by region
4446:0004-4687
4286:154374469
4270:0305-7410
3987:Chiangism
3982:Autocracy
3548:Hong Kong
3542:By region
3435:Hong Kong
3400:Want Want
3314:Hong Kong
3304:Hong Kong
3285:Alliances
2619:Duke Zhou
2594:Duke Shao
2461:Confucius
2271:Tradition
2216:Hierarchy
2164:Authority
2060:Chiangism
2018:in 2017.
1978:socialism
1827:Emergence
1503:Chen Ming
1448:Chen Yuan
1421:Mao Yushi
1406:Fang Fang
1356:Ai Weiwei
1219:Hong Kong
964:Hong Kong
947:Hong Kong
938:Alliances
511:Li (Peng)
196:Authority
9285:Category
8782:Qiao Shi
8776:Chen Yun
7895:Auditing
7573:European
7309:Islamism
7292:Hindutva
7262:Religion
7233:Vajpayee
7223:Trujillo
7218:Thatcher
7208:Stolypin
7163:Pinochet
7078:Khomeini
7073:Khamenei
7043:Fujimori
7028:Dollfuss
7018:Disraeli
6983:Bismarck
6968:Adenauer
6896:Politics
6883:Voegelin
6853:Spengler
6823:Schlegel
6788:Peterson
6748:Menéndez
6723:Leontiev
6693:Karamzin
6668:Hitchens
6438:Royalism
6343:Pro-Life
6235:Trumpism
6200:Movement
6119:Trumpism
6114:Populism
6065:Uruguay
6058:Odriismo
6007:Colombia
5961:Populism
5897:Menemism
5823:Romania
5782:Populist
5777:Metaxism
5761:Georgia
5622:Mellismo
5548:Putinism
5521:Duginism
5429:Völkisch
5359:Hegelian
5354:Agrarian
5284:Gaullism
5215:Pakistan
5210:Malaysia
5146:Ilminism
5064:Kahanism
4924:Populist
4914:National
4909:Moderate
4889:Cultural
4720:Archived
4693:July 30,
4471:Archived
4008:Dang Guo
3916:See also
3901:Li Cheng
3529:Shen Bao
3500:Overseas
3340:Analects
2941:factions
2647:Dai (Li)
2327:Dang Guo
2134:Legalism
2070:Cultural
2031:a series
2029:Part of
1890:Shanghai
1804:Leninism
1580:Wang Hui
1575:Sima Nan
1570:Li Minqi
1560:Gao Mobo
1542:New Left
1498:Hu Xijin
1473:Gan Yang
1426:Li Yinhe
1381:Xu Youyu
1376:Xu Jilin
95:in China
84:a series
82:Part of
9196:Tuanpai
8820:(2022–)
7964:Secrecy
7400:Related
7248:Zemmour
7213:Suharto
7193:Salazar
7123:Metaxas
7118:Menzies
7113:Maurras
7033:Erdoğan
7023:Dmowski
6998:Canning
6993:GW Bush
6863:Strauss
6833:Scruton
6828:Schmitt
6818:Savigny
6803:Rivarol
6773:Novalis
6743:Maurras
6733:Maistre
6718:Le Play
6683:Johnson
6603:Carlyle
6598:Burnham
6573:Barruel
6460:Customs
6428:Loyalty
6360:Elitism
6249:Oceania
6136:Toryism
6046:Peruvia
6019:Uribism
6013:Rojismo
5943:Janismo
5856:Ukraine
5794:Iceland
5789:Hungary
5757:Finland
5752:Denmark
5740:Belgium
5735:Austria
5702:Toryism
5652:Kingdom
5628:Maurism
5585:Carlism
5541:Tsarism
5492:Kaczyzm
5346:Germany
5105:Minzoku
5069:Zionism
4904:Liberal
4863:Schools
4550:2645420
4454:2644692
4111:2152624
4018:Elitism
3599:Fascism
2295:History
2231:Loyalty
2196:Elitism
1915:Chinese
1849:Beijing
1822:History
1728:Marxist
1690:Chinese
1664:Chinese
1595:Yue Xin
1371:Qin Hui
1361:Bo Yang
1037:Guancha
324:History
280:Statism
238:Elitism
43:Please
9006:&
8996:&
8828:Others
8764:Zhu De
8150:Yan'an
8145:Pudong
8129:Qiushi
8097:Others
8086:Office
8074:Office
8069:Taiwan
8037:Office
7969:Office
7957:Office
7930:Office
7667:Leader
7529:Europe
7188:Reagan
7173:Powell
7133:Mobutu
7108:Marcos
7088:Le Pen
7058:Horthy
7053:Harper
7038:Franco
7003:Chiang
6878:Uvarov
6843:Sowell
6768:Nisbet
6763:Newman
6758:Müller
6713:Le Bon
6688:Jünger
6663:Haller
6653:Fardid
6633:Dávila
6628:Cortés
6583:Bonald
6578:Belloc
6418:Honour
6225:Social
6165:States
6163:United
6131:Social
6106:Canada
6055:
6041:Panama
6036:Mexico
6002:Belize
5919:Brazil
5846:Sweden
5834:Serbia
5809:Norway
5772:Greece
5745:Rexism
5717:Social
5650:United
5513:Russia
5478:Poland
5262:France
5253:Europe
5232:Taiwan
5220:Ziaism
5161:Turkey
5059:Jewish
5046:Israel
4949:Social
4894:Fiscal
4663:
4636:
4602:
4573:
4548:
4504:
4452:
4444:
4369:
4331:
4284:
4278:654598
4276:
4268:
4165:
4109:
3870:, and
3845:Legacy
3831:Maoism
3658:Baizuo
3515:Former
2107:Social
2022:Theory
1925::
1923:pinyin
1917::
1882:Russia
1700::
1698:pinyin
1692::
1674::
1672:pinyin
1666::
969:Taiwan
9002:7th:
8992:6th:
8818:Li Xi
7688:Bo Gu
7228:Trump
7203:Smith
7183:Putin
7148:Orbán
6963:Adams
6868:Taine
6858:Stahl
6848:Spann
6808:Röpke
6798:Renan
6793:Ranke
6728:Lewis
6678:Iorga
6658:Gentz
6648:Evola
6643:Eliot
6623:Comte
6593:Burke
6465:Mores
6450:Norms
6215:Paleo
6188:Paleo
5995:Other
5971:Chile
5728:Other
5665:Civic
5572:Spain
5441:Italy
5405:Young
5205:India
5188:Other
5096:Japan
4978:China
4959:Ultra
4899:Green
4546:JSTOR
4450:JSTOR
4282:S2CID
4274:JSTOR
4107:JSTOR
3417:Media
3319:Macau
2773:Leung
2695:Jiang
2667:Soong
2614:Zhang
2561:Zheng
2556:Zhang
2551:Xiong
2521:Shang
2516:Liang
2451:Chang
2095:Ultra
1919:新保守主义
1694:新保守主义
1668:新权威主义
1366:Gu Su
1224:Macau
1011:Media
952:Macau
685:Chang
619:Leung
506:Jiang
463:Zheng
458:Zhang
161:Ultra
7546:Neo-
7168:Pitt
7153:Park
7138:Modi
7083:Kohl
6753:More
6698:Kirk
6673:Hume
6355:Duty
6151:Pink
6141:Blue
6026:Cuba
5707:High
5018:Iran
4969:Asia
4728:2020
4695:2019
4661:ISBN
4634:ISBN
4600:ISBN
4571:ISBN
4502:ISBN
4442:ISSN
4367:ISBN
4329:ISBN
4266:ISSN
4163:ISBN
3485:TVBS
2889:Lien
2874:Hung
2816:Chui
2803:Yung
2798:Tung
2783:Quat
2778:Liao
2748:Kwok
2700:Wang
2677:Yuan
2609:Yuan
2604:Yang
2546:Xiao
2536:Wang
2506:Kang
2456:Chen
2191:Duty
1991:and
1790:the
700:Hung
695:Chiu
690:Chou
662:Chui
649:Yung
644:Tung
629:Quat
624:Liao
594:Kwok
541:Zhou
536:Yang
496:Deng
448:Xiao
438:Wang
393:Bell
228:Duty
7568:New
7243:Zia
7093:Lee
6958:Abe
6205:Neo
6146:Red
5712:Red
5682:Neo
5111:Neo
5074:Neo
5001:New
4996:Neo
4783:doi
4538:doi
4434:doi
4258:doi
4254:129
4099:doi
4095:109
2909:Sun
2884:Lee
2879:Jaw
2859:Han
2854:Chu
2753:Lam
2728:Fok
2672:Sun
2662:Lin
2571:Zou
2566:Zhu
2531:Tan
2526:Tam
2501:Jin
2486:Jaw
2471:Gan
2466:Dai
2338:Han
2127:New
2122:Neo
2090:Han
1909:or
1742:of
1684:or
599:Lam
574:Fok
546:Zhu
453:Yan
433:Tan
428:Tam
418:Jin
398:Gan
156:Neo
151:Han
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3866:,
3808:.
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2894:Ma
2733:Ho
2705:Xi
2690:Hu
2657:Li
2541:Wu
2511:Li
2481:Hu
2476:Gu
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1984:.
1935:.
1921:;
1810:.
1749:.
1722:,
1696:;
1670:;
579:Ho
551:Xi
531:Wu
501:Hu
443:Wu
423:Li
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