148:
1998:
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1915:
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all who hear about them they will be entirely new. For the opinion of the ancients was, that the greater part of the world beyond the equinoctial line to the south was not land, but only sea, which they have called the
Atlantic; and even if they have affirmed that any continent is there, they have given many reasons for denying it is inhabited. But this opinion is false, and entirely opposed to the truth. My last voyage has proved it, for I have found a continent in that southern part; full of animals and more populous than our Europe, or Asia, or Africa, and even more temperate and pleasant than any other region known to us.
4227:
4197:
1960:
1930:
4182:
1885:
2013:
2043:
2028:
1870:
1900:
40:
2525:
1014:
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1945:
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266:
493:
403:
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986:
224:"), and consequently came up with alternative names to refer to them. Only a few weeks after Columbus's return from his first voyage, Martyr wrote letters referring to Columbus's discovered lands as the "western antipodes" ("antipodibus occiduis", letter of 14 May 1493), the "new hemisphere of the earth" ("novo terrarum hemisphaerio", 13 September 1493).
377:
In passed days I wrote very fully to you of my return from new countries, which have been found and explored with the ships, at the cost and by the command of this Most Serene King of
Portugal; and it is lawful to call it a new world, because none of these countries were known to our ancestors and to
561:
of 1504, placed a large open ocean between China on the east side of the map, and the inchoate largely water-surrounded North
American and South American discoveries on the western side of map. Out of uncertainty, they depicted a finger of the Asian land mass stretching across the top to the eastern
591:
volume, which includes reprints of
Vespucci's letters, comes closest to modernity by placing a completely open sea, with no stretching land fingers, between Asia on the eastern side and the New World. It is represented two times in the same map in a different way: with and without a sea passage in
460:
in 1508 to digest all existing information about the Indies, come to an agreement on what had been discovered, and set out the future goals of
Spanish exploration. Amerigo Vespucci attended both conferences, and seems to have had an outsized influence on them—at Burgos, he ended up being appointed
468:
Although the proceedings of the Toro-Burgos conferences are missing, it is almost certain that
Vespucci articulated his recent 'New World' thesis to his fellow navigators there. During these conferences, Spanish officials seem to have accepted that the Antilles and the known stretch of Central
577:
map, bowing to
Ptolemaic authority and Columbus's assertions, have the northern Asian landmass stretching well into the western hemisphere and merging with known North America, Labrador, Newfoundland, etc. These maps place the island of Japan near Cuba and leave the South American
357:. Vespucci wrote a preliminary letter to Lorenzo, while anchored at Bezeguiche, which he sent back with the Portuguese fleet, which expressed a certain puzzlement about his conversations. Vespucci ultimately was convinced while on his mapping expedition of eastern
1294:"if the river mentioned does not proceed from the terrestrial paradise, it comes from an immense tract of land situated in the south, of which no knowledge has been hitherto obtained." (Columbus 1499 letter on the third voyage, as reproduced in R.H. Major,
227:
In a letter dated 1 November 1493, he refers to
Columbus as the "discoverer of the new globe" ("Colonus ille novi orbis repertor"). A year later, on 20 October 1494, Peter Martyr again refers to the marvels of the New Globe ("Novo Orbe") and the
255:. In another letter to the nurse of Prince John, written 1500, Columbus refers to having reached a "new heavens and world" ("nuevo cielo é mundo") and that he had placed "another world" ("otro mundo") under the dominion of the Kings of Spain.
541:
but a "New World", the geographic relationship between Europe and the
Americas remained unclear. That there must be a large ocean between Asia and the Americas was implied by the known existence of vast continuous sea along the coasts of
198:, which he explored in 1455 and 1456 on behalf of the Portuguese. This was merely a literary flourish, not a suggestion of a new "fourth" part of the world. Cadamosto was aware that sub-Saharan Africa was part of the African continent.
385:
Peter Martyr, who had been writing and circulating private letters commenting on
Columbus's discoveries since 1493, often shares credit with Vespucci for designating the Americas as a new world. Peter Martyr used the term
760:, and the same domesticated plants and animals spread through these three continents thousands of years ago, making them largely indistinct and useful to classify together as "Old World". Common Old World crops, e.g.,
303:. Vespucci's letter contains the first explicit articulation in print of the hypothesis that the lands discovered by European navigators to the west were not the edges of Asia, as asserted by
741:
often attach the "New World" label to groups of species found exclusively in the Americas, to distinguish them from their counterparts in the "Old World" (Europe, Africa and Asia)—e.g.,
1631:
631:
definitely formed a single large body of water that separates Asia from the Americas. Several years later, the Pacific Coast of North America was mapped. The discovery of the
1390:
1359:
1713:
4148:
602:'s map of 1516 retreats considerably from his earlier map and back to classical authority, with the Asian land mass merging into North America, which he now calls
1562:
Missinne, Stefaan (Fall 2013). "A Newly Discovered Early Sixteenth-Century Globe Engraved on an Ostrich Egg: The Earliest Surviving Globe Showing the New World".
469:
America were not the Indies as they had hoped. Though Columbus still insisted they were. They set out the new goal for Spanish explorers: find a sea passage or
421:. At the time, most of the continent of North America was not yet discovered, and Vespucci's comments did not eliminate the possibility that the islands of the
247:
implied that a previously unknown continent must lie behind it. Columbus proposes that the South American landmass is not a "fourth" continent, but rather the
635:
in the early 18th century, established that Asia and North America were not connected by land. But some European maps of the 16th century, including the 1533
1052:
1130:). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 33: ". Since the 16th century, the term "New World" has been used to describe the
592:
the middle of what is now named Central America on the western side—which, on what is now named South America, that same map famously labels simply "
1678:
133:
are considered neither Old World nor New World lands, since they were only colonized by Europeans much later. They were associated instead with the
1067:
1411:
The Vespucci letter sent from Bezeguiche was not published, but was maintained in manuscript form and was published by F.A. de Varnhagen in 1865 (
4317:
2589:
425:
discovered earlier by Christopher Columbus might still be the eastern edges of Asia, as Columbus continued to insist until his death in 1506.
4141:
1833:
1607:
674:
and not doing justice to either the historic or geographic complexity of the world. It is argued that both 'worlds' and the age of Western
1676:"The Written Record of the Voyage of 1524 of Giovanni da Verrazzano as recorded in a letter to Francis I, King of France, July 8th, 1524"
1099:
1447:
3868:
3727:
1745:
819:
were originally domesticated in the Americas before they spread worldwide after Columbian contact, and are still often referred to as "
335:
4312:
4216:
1037:
1350:
The letter says 17 August 1501, although translators variously rendered it also as 7 August 1501, 10 August 1501, or 1 August 1501.
349:
Having already visited the Americas in prior years, Vespucci likely found it difficult to reconcile what he had already seen in the
4134:
4054:
1042:
1338:
1325:
1299:
178:) for the Americas in his 1503 letter, giving it its popular cachet, although similar terms had been used and applied before him.
382:
Vespucci's letter was a publishing sensation in Europe that was immediately and repeatedly reprinted in several other countries.
99:
This realization expanded the geographical horizon of earlier European geographers, who had thought that the world only included
966:
are believed to have been domesticated separately in both the Old and New World, or their early forms possibly brought along by
3861:
3747:
1374:
1353:
3856:
3790:
1625:
1027:
667:
292:
756:
The label is also often used in agriculture. Asia, Africa, and Europe share a common agricultural history stemming from the
3851:
3815:
3754:
1705:
1084:
1062:
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3844:
3839:
3785:
1089:
1481:, and the 1507 Italian re-translation "El Nuovo Mondo de Lengue Spagnole interpretato in Idioma Ro. Libro Quinto" (from
3713:
2582:
1199:
3795:
1826:
1384:
1127:
4307:
4292:
3810:
3800:
3742:
3720:
3703:
3698:
3617:
1057:
3820:
3649:
3515:
3424:
3374:
663:
518:
322:. A chance meeting between two different expeditions occurred at the watering stop at Bezeguiche in present-day
4241:
4211:
4201:
3764:
1767:
Banks, Glenn; Overton, John (2010). "Old World, New World, Third World? Reconceptualising the Worlds of Wine".
562:
edge of the map, suggesting it carried over into the western hemisphere. E.g. the Cantino Planisphere denotes
4322:
4231:
4074:
4059:
2575:
2535:
1150:. The second sense is now primary in English: ... However, the term is open to uncertainties: ..."
4186:
4107:
3759:
3384:
3111:
2816:
2441:
1819:
501:
239:
of Spain, reporting the results of his third voyage, he relates how the massive waters of South America's
159:
4337:
4332:
3241:
2401:
1675:
840:
718:. The usefulness of these terms for wines though have been questioned as arbitrary and too generalized.
4262:
3419:
3404:
2702:
2687:
1147:
714:, and all other locations outside the traditional wine-growing regions of Europe, North Africa and the
620:
570:
201:
31:
4302:
4297:
4282:
3805:
3737:
3708:
3693:
3429:
3354:
2346:
2336:
2089:
1577:
Colección de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los españoles desde fines del siglo XV
738:
646:
in a record of his voyage that year along the Atlantic coast of North America in what is present-day
587:
17:
636:
4327:
4226:
4196:
3389:
3306:
2889:
2602:
2555:
2321:
1094:
391:
2567:
662:
The term "New World" is still commonly employed when discussing historic spaces, particularly the
123:, while the Americas were then referred to as "the fourth part of the world", or the "New World".
4181:
4041:
3732:
3639:
3311:
3021:
3016:
2378:
2373:
147:
599:
339:
4126:
4018:
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3414:
3217:
2316:
691:
643:
417:
The Vespucci passage above applied the "New World" label to merely the continental landmass of
89:
1162:, by Amerigo Vespucci; translation by George Tyler Northrup, Princeton University Press; 1916.
4111:
3975:
3895:
3538:
3434:
3043:
2201:
2109:
1919:
1914:
1617:
1503:
1474:
1437:
1414:
1283:
1266:
1250:
1233:
1079:
1580:
1490:
623:, twenty years after Columbus' initial voyage. It was a few more years before the voyage of
361:
from 1501 to 1502. After returning from Brazil in the spring of 1503, Vespucci authored the
318:
and compared the nature and people of the place with what Portuguese sailors told him about
3985:
2956:
2674:
2540:
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2186:
1735:
1032:
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304:
248:
213:
167:
582:
43:
8:
4287:
3634:
3294:
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3038:
2899:
2845:
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2757:
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2692:
2550:
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3506:
3379:
2825:
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2707:
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2405:
2251:
2231:
1792:
1131:
1047:
809:
726:
624:
229:
195:
187:
120:
59:
39:
4003:
3622:
3444:
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3270:
3265:
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1380:
1159:
1123:
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734:
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433:
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236:
314:, Vespucci realized that he was in a "New World" on 17 August 1501 as he arrived in
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3629:
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3501:
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1613:
1443:
991:
742:
722:
530:
288:
273:
191:
171:
75:
71:
1691:
3970:
3471:
3459:
3439:
3394:
3344:
3284:
3226:
3187:
3175:
3168:
3077:
2894:
2877:
2852:
2477:
2447:
2388:
2211:
1780:
1682:
1143:
963:
820:
670:. It has been framed as being problematic for applying a colonial perspective of
639:, still continued to depict North America as connected by a land bridge to Asia.
608:
574:
445:
135:
2524:
1013:
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continent—Vespucci's "New World" proper—detached and floating below by itself.
4115:
4064:
3963:
3927:
3907:
3890:
3830:
3594:
3486:
3464:
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2409:
2129:
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1176:
Columbus Then and Now, a life re-examined. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press
1005:
836:
730:
695:
1439:
The Letters of Amerigo Vespucci and Other Documents Illustrative of His Career
606:, and quietly drops the "America" label from South America, calling it merely
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3326:
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3197:
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3094:
2999:
2426:
1964:
1959:
1949:
1944:
1788:
1416:
Amerígo Vespucci, son caractère, ses écrits ... sa vie et ses navigations ...
1139:
967:
880:
868:
864:
721:
In a biological context, species can be divided into those in the Old World (
699:
651:
632:
628:
616:
522:
514:
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was not universally accepted, entering English only relatively late, and has
441:
437:
418:
307:, but rather an entirely different continent that represented a "New World".
244:
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3912:
3902:
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3072:
3006:
2975:
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2652:
2529:
2482:
2216:
2191:
2002:
1997:
1019:
860:
703:
679:
547:
453:
330:, as Vespucci was on his expedition to chart the coast of newly discovered
100:
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3476:
3399:
3349:
3236:
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2939:
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2811:
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2647:
2383:
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2341:
915:
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856:
824:
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558:
354:
350:
252:
3579:
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3369:
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3028:
2989:
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2627:
2622:
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2161:
1889:
1884:
1740:
1551:
The European Discovery of America, v.2: The southern voyages, 1492–1616
923:
904:
221:
126:
1811:
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3589:
3567:
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3050:
2946:
2769:
2752:
2637:
2606:
2492:
2356:
2306:
2226:
2221:
2166:
2099:
1842:
1477:) provides side-by-side reproductions of both the 1503 Latin version
951:
931:
715:
707:
563:
550:
this left a large space between Asia and the newly discovered lands.
543:
217:
116:
93:
1512:"nuevo mundo", designación que Pedro Mártyr será el primero en usar
1510:(in Spanish) (5th ed.). Mexico: Editorial Hermes. p. 363.
265:
251:
of Biblical tradition, a land allegedly known, but undiscovered, by
3553:
3153:
3089:
3060:
2970:
2929:
2737:
2717:
2597:
2416:
2301:
2181:
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2134:
2119:
2104:
2094:
2017:
2012:
1135:
955:
852:
505:
422:
370:
277:
88:, presenting his conclusion that these lands, soon called America
63:
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3258:
3148:
3106:
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2801:
2730:
2436:
2431:
2196:
2176:
2156:
2124:
2114:
2047:
2042:
2032:
2027:
1689:. Yale, pp. 133–43. Citing: a translation by Susan Tarrow of the
939:
935:
884:
844:
789:
492:
402:
394:
of the discovery of the Americas, which began appearing in 1511.
327:
240:
130:
4156:
4031:
3130:
3084:
2791:
2778:
2467:
2236:
1934:
1929:
1874:
1869:
959:
947:
927:
919:
900:
896:
892:
888:
876:
848:
785:
765:
761:
647:
470:
457:
366:
358:
331:
315:
112:
104:
67:
808:, did not exist in the Americas until they were introduced by
66:. The term gained prominence in the early 16th century during
4161:
3882:
3777:
3316:
2614:
2598:
2241:
1846:
1575:
For an account of Vespucci at Toro and Burgos, see Navarette
943:
908:
832:
816:
805:
797:
781:
343:
323:
296:
209:
205:
194:
used the term "un altro mondo" ("another world") to refer to
174:
is usually credited for coming up with the term "New World" (
79:
55:
1760:
139:
that had been posited as a hypothetical southern continent.
2911:
1904:
1899:
1706:"The Old World-New World Debate and the Columbian Exchange"
793:
769:
538:
319:
108:
1170:
1168:
801:
777:
773:
1138:. Since the 18th century, it has come to represent the
1566:, journal of the Washington Map Society (87): p. 8–24.
1165:
1419:(in French). pp. 78–82 – via Google Books.
1379:. Centro Tipografico Livornese editore. p. 222.
1053:
Early impact of Mesoamerican goods in Iberian society
981:
291:
in a letter written to his friend and former patron
1698:
1324:Columbus 1500 letter to the nurse (in Major, 1870:
615:The western coast of the New World, including the
1337:Columbus's 1500 letter to the nurse(Major, 1870:
954:. There are rare instances of overlap, e.g., the
4274:
1687:The Voyages of Giovanni da Verrazzano, 1524–1528
1508:Vida del muy magnífico señor Don Cristóbal Colón
1160:Mundus Novus: Letter to Lorenzo Pietro Di Medici
1146:until it established independence following the
1736:"Real Differences: New World vs Old World Wine"
1489:was reprinted many times (see Varnhagen, 1865:
553:Even prior to Vespucci, several maps, e.g. the
546:. Given the size of the Earth as calculated by
54:" is used to describe the majority of lands of
702:and South American wines, but also those from
4142:
2583:
1827:
694:, "New World" uses a particular definition. "
627:'s between 1519 and 1522 determined that the
473:through the Americas, a path to Asia proper.
272:, a late 16th century illustration depicting
270:Amerigo Vespucci awakens the sleeping America
1766:
1502:
1412:
1120:The Oxford Companion to the English Language
1068:Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640)
353:with what returning sailors told him of the
1100:Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories
508:
4149:
4135:
2590:
2576:
1834:
1820:
1728:
1685:. Citing: Wroth, Lawrence C., ed. (1970).
1198:, as reprinted in Giovanni Ramusio (1554:
642:In 1524, the term "New World" was used by
1038:Canadian Indian residential school system
529:While it became generally accepted after
465:, the chief of the navigation of Spain.
452:was assembled by the Spanish monarchs at
4263:Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1435:
1043:Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery
491:
401:
264:
146:
38:
1841:
1606:Sobecki, Sebastian (12 November 2015).
1605:
1413:de Varnhagen, Francisco Adolfo (1865).
1351:
678:rather entered a new stage, as in the '
482:more recently been subject to criticism
481:
390:, meaning "New Globe", in the title of
14:
4275:
1618:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.013.141
1450:from the original on 20 September 2023
1393:from the original on 20 September 2023
1372:
1362:from the original on 20 September 2023
1296:Select Letters of Christopher Columbus
1112:
585:of 1507, which accompanied the famous
448:. A conference of navigators known as
4318:European colonization of the Americas
4130:
2571:
1815:
1646:
1540:New York: Harper (1907: pp. 239, 244)
1028:European colonization of the Americas
668:European colonization of the Americas
657:
373:, with the famous opening paragraph:
1748:from the original on 16 October 2019
1063:Native American people and Mormonism
293:Lorenzo di Pier Francesco de' Medici
1090:Norse colonization of North America
685:
566:as "Punta d'Asia"—"edge of Asia".
513:"the New World" and traces most of
24:
914:Other New World crops include the
899:and domesticated animals like the
784:, and domesticated animals, e.g.,
25:
4349:
1807:
1634:from the original on 17 June 2019
235:In Columbus's 1499 letter to the
152:Historia antipodum oder newe Welt
142:
4313:European colonisation in Oceania
4240:
4225:
4210:
4195:
4180:
4103:
4102:
3430:West South Central United States
2546:
2545:
2523:
2041:
2026:
2011:
1996:
1958:
1943:
1928:
1913:
1898:
1883:
1868:
1775:(1). Informa UK Limited: 57–75.
1716:from the original on 16 May 2022
1085:History of Australia (1788–1850)
1058:Jesuit missions in North America
1012:
998:
984:
867:were originally domesticated by
436:, depicts the New World as only
115:became collectively called the "
3650:Latin America and the Caribbean
3516:Latin America and the Caribbean
2369:Possible future supercontinents
1674:Verrazzano, Giovanni da (1524).
1668:
1599:
1586:
1569:
1556:
1543:
1530:
1517:
1496:
1463:
1424:
1405:
1344:
1331:
1318:
1305:
1288:
1142:, which was initially colonial
664:voyages of Christopher Columbus
487:
287:) was coined in Spring 1503 by
258:
232:" ("ab occidente hemisphero").
1596:. Cambridge (1966: pp. 166–67)
1493:for a list of early reprints).
1272:
1255:
1239:
1222:
1219:New York: Harper (1904: p. 30)
1209:
1181:
1153:
729:) and those in the New World (
336:Second Portuguese India armada
181:
13:
1:
1192:
1105:
397:
299:) in 1503–04 under the title
208:chronicler at the service of
3112:Middle East and North Africa
2817:Middle East and North Africa
2147:Other prehistoric continents
1781:10.1080/09571264.2010.495854
1315:, Chicago (2004: pp. 266–67)
619:, was discovered in 1513 by
46:'s 1540 map of the New World
7:
1612:. Oxford University Press.
1373:Bonari, Bruno (July 2013).
1352:Canovai, Stanislao (1832).
1134:, often referred to as the
977:
10:
4354:
3405:Northeastern United States
1483:Paesi Nuovamente retrovati
1436:Vespucci, Amerigo (1894).
1355:Viaggi di Amerigo Vespucci
1217:Spain in America, 1450–580
1148:American Revolutionary War
875:. Agriculturalists in the
569:Some maps, e.g., the 1506
369:and sent it to Lorenzo in
216:'s claims to have reached
32:New World (disambiguation)
29:
4259:
4172:
4098:
4040:
4017:
3984:
3948:
3881:
3775:
3683:
3674:
3603:
3524:
3325:
3129:
2910:
2868:
2777:
2768:
2716:
2673:
2613:
2515:
2273:
2269:
2068:
2064:
1985:
1981:
1857:
1853:
1458:– via Google Books.
604:Terra de Cuba Asie partis
588:Cosmographiae Introductio
456:in 1505 and continued at
295:, which was published in
160:Matthäus Merian the Elder
74:, after Italian explorer
3891:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
2890:Transantarctic Mountains
2556:Chronology of continents
1769:Journal of Wine Research
1681:8 September 2006 at the
1663:The Discovery of the Sea
1527:, Chicago (2004: p. 268)
1485:). The Latin version of
1095:Peopling of the Americas
851:, and wide varieties of
156:History of the New World
27:Synonym for the Americas
4308:Culture of the Americas
4293:Country classifications
3640:Caribbean South America
1430:English translation of
537:' discoveries were not
243:delta rushing into the
202:Peter Martyr d'Anghiera
90:based on Amerigo's name
3415:Southern United States
3218:Scandinavian Peninsula
2317:Great Australian Bight
1594:The Early Spanish Main
1504:de Madariaga, Salvador
1202:). See also M. Zamora
942:, and fruits like the
810:post-Columbian contact
644:Giovanni da Verrazzano
637:Johannes Schöner globe
571:Contarini–Rosselli map
526:
509:
432:, possibly created by
414:
380:
342:, were returning from
283:The term "New World" (
280:
163:
47:
3896:Antarctic Convergence
3435:Western United States
1434:as found in Markham (
1080:History of Antarctica
970:from Asia during the
621:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
495:
405:
375:
334:and the ships of the
268:
150:
42:
4323:Geographical regions
2957:Greater Central Asia
2541:Continental fragment
2536:Regions of the world
1553:.(1974: pp. 265–66).
1174:M.H.Davidson (1997)
1033:Atlantic slave trade
758:Neolithic Revolution
600:Martin Waldseemüller
535:Christopher Columbus
340:Pedro Álvares Cabral
305:Christopher Columbus
249:terrestrial paradise
214:Christopher Columbus
162:, published in 1631
30:For other uses, see
4108:Continents of Earth
3635:Brazilian Highlands
3039:Indian subcontinent
2900:Antarctic Peninsula
2698:Southern Hemisphere
2693:Northern Hemisphere
2498:Indian Subcontinent
2288:Submerged continent
1712:. 31 January 2021.
1609:New World Discovery
972:last glacial period
698:" include not only
666:and the subsequent
555:Cantino planisphere
450:Junta de Navegantes
92:, constitute a new
82:-language pamphlet
62:, particularly the
4338:Western Hemisphere
4333:Culture of Oceania
4158:Indigenous peoples
3923:Great Barrier Reef
3544:Mainland Australia
2708:Western Hemisphere
2683:Eastern Hemisphere
2279:
2074:
1991:
1863:
1744:. 21 August 2012.
1446:. pp. 42–52.
1132:Western Hemisphere
1048:Columbian Exchange
883:brought forth the
751:New World warblers
747:New World vultures
658:Contemporary usage
625:Ferdinand Magellan
527:
415:
281:
276:'s voyages to the
230:Western Hemisphere
196:sub-Saharan Africa
164:
121:Eastern Hemisphere
60:Western Hemisphere
48:
4270:
4269:
4254:
4253:
4124:
4123:
4004:Mediterranean Rim
3877:
3876:
3816:Mediterranean Sea
3670:
3669:
3623:Amazon Rainforest
3445:Canadian Prairies
3410:Pacific Northwest
3271:Iberian Peninsula
3247:Italian Peninsula
3056:Arabian Peninsula
2883:Antarctic Plateau
2643:Three/Four Worlds
2565:
2564:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2327:Kerguelen Plateau
2265:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2054:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1627:978-0-19-993533-8
1525:Relating Religion
1444:Markham, Clements
1313:Relating Religion
1073:Valladolid debate
863:, etc.), and the
843:"—as well as the
743:New World monkeys
583:Waldseemüller map
434:Leonardo da Vinci
411:Ostrich Egg Globe
237:Catholic Monarchs
44:Sebastian Münster
16:(Redirected from
4345:
4303:Cultural regions
4298:Cultural history
4283:Age of Discovery
4244:
4229:
4214:
4199:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4128:
4127:
4106:
4105:
4085:Global Southwest
4080:Global Southeast
4070:Global Northwest
4065:Global Northeast
4055:Global Heartland
3999:Indian Ocean Rim
3681:
3680:
3573:Island Melanesia
3259:Balkan Peninsula
3034:Himalayan states
2981:Russian Far East
2775:
2774:
2703:Water Hemisphere
2592:
2585:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2549:
2548:
2530:World portal
2528:
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2149:
2087:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2045:
2030:
2015:
2000:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1962:
1947:
1932:
1917:
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1887:
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1639:
1603:
1597:
1590:
1584:
1573:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1547:
1541:
1538:Amerigo Vespucci
1534:
1528:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1500:
1494:
1471:Amerígo Vespucci
1467:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1442:. Translated by
1428:
1422:
1420:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1376:Amerigo Vespucci
1371:
1369:
1367:
1348:
1342:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1292:
1286:
1280:Opus Epistolarum
1276:
1270:
1263:Opus Epistolarum
1259:
1253:
1247:Opus Epistolarum
1243:
1237:
1230:Opus Epistolarum
1226:
1220:
1213:
1207:
1206:, (1993: p. 121)
1204:Reading Columbus
1197:
1194:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1116:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1003:
1002:
1001:
994:
992:Geography portal
989:
988:
987:
958:(bottle-gourd),
692:wine terminology
686:Particular usage
557:of 1502 and the
531:Amerigo Vespucci
512:
500:map overseen by
409:depicted on the
289:Amerigo Vespucci
274:Amerigo Vespucci
192:Alvise Cadamosto
172:Amerigo Vespucci
76:Amerigo Vespucci
72:Age of Discovery
21:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4328:Human geography
4273:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4235:
4230:
4220:
4215:
4205:
4200:
4190:
4185:
4168:
4155:
4125:
4120:
4094:
4036:
4013:
3980:
3944:
3873:
3862:South China Sea
3771:
3714:Central America
3666:
3599:
3520:
3472:Northern Mexico
3460:Northern Canada
3440:Atlantic Canada
3395:Mountain states
3321:
3176:European Russia
3169:Southern Russia
3125:
3078:Iranian Plateau
2906:
2895:West Antarctica
2878:East Antarctica
2864:
2764:
2712:
2688:Land Hemisphere
2669:
2609:
2596:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2522:
2507:
2502:
2488:Eastern Siberia
2478:Central America
2466:
2459:
2453:
2448:Terra Australis
2415:
2399:
2393:
2389:Pangaea Proxima
2372:
2367:
2361:
2300:
2296:microcontinents
2285:
2261:
2256:
2202:East Antarctica
2150:
2145:
2139:
2088:
2084:supercontinents
2080:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2036:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2006:
2001:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1933:
1923:
1918:
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1893:
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1840:
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1703:
1699:
1683:Wayback Machine
1673:
1669:
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1394:
1387:
1365:
1363:
1358:. p. 158.
1349:
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1144:British America
1117:
1113:
1108:
1018:
1011:
1004:
999:
997:
990:
985:
983:
980:
821:New World crops
812:in the 1490s.
696:New World wines
688:
660:
609:Terra incognita
575:Johannes Ruysch
490:
446:Central America
400:
338:, commanded by
263:
184:
145:
136:Terra Australis
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4146:
4139:
4131:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4116:Physical Earth
4099:
4096:
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4087:
4082:
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4057:
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4001:
3996:
3990:
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3979:
3978:
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3967:
3966:
3955:
3953:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3928:Mariana Trench
3925:
3915:
3910:
3908:Atlantic Ocean
3905:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3887:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3869:Southern Ocean
3866:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3857:East China Sea
3849:
3848:
3847:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3791:Atlantic Ocean
3788:
3782:
3780:
3773:
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3770:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3752:
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3750:
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3607:
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3598:
3597:
3595:Remote Oceania
3592:
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3575:
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3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3465:Western Canada
3462:
3457:
3455:Eastern Canada
3452:
3450:Central Canada
3447:
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3195:
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3183:
3178:
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3166:
3164:South Caucasus
3161:
3159:North Caucasus
3151:
3141:
3135:
3133:
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3066:South Caucasus
3058:
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2935:Aralkum Desert
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2726:Africa-Eurasia
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2483:Eastern Africa
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1809:
1808:External links
1806:
1803:
1802:
1759:
1727:
1710:Wondrium Daily
1697:
1667:
1665:(1974: p. 227)
1645:
1626:
1598:
1585:
1579:(1829: v.iii,
1568:
1555:
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1423:
1404:
1385:
1343:
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1287:
1271:
1261:Peter Martyr,
1254:
1249:, Letter 133,
1245:Peter Martyr,
1238:
1228:Peter Martyr,
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1006:History portal
995:
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700:North American
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633:Bering Straits
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183:
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144:
143:Origin of term
141:
78:published the
26:
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4247:South America
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3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3852:Pacific Ocean
3850:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3806:Caribbean Sea
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3774:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3748:by population
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3721:South America
3719:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3704:North America
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3655:Southern Cone
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3630:Andean States
3628:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3605:South America
3602:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3327:North America
3324:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:Low Countries
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:South-western
3264:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3254:South-eastern
3252:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3232:Mediterranean
3230:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:British Isles
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3095:Levantine Sea
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:Mediterranean
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2462:Subcontinents
2458:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Kumari Kandam
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1967:
1966:
1965:South America
1961:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:North America
1946:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1692:Cèllere Codex
1688:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1595:
1589:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1552:
1549:S.E. Morison
1546:
1539:
1533:
1526:
1520:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1408:
1392:
1388:
1386:9788890695681
1382:
1378:
1377:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1282:, Letter 156
1281:
1278:Peter Martyr
1275:
1268:
1265:(Letter 138,
1264:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1205:
1201:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:United States
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:0-19-214183-X
1125:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1007:
996:
993:
982:
975:
973:
969:
968:Paleo-Indians
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:South America
878:
874:
870:
869:pre-Columbian
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:three sisters
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
655:
653:
652:United States
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
629:Pacific Ocean
626:
622:
618:
617:Pacific Ocean
613:
611:
610:
605:
601:
597:
596:
590:
589:
584:
579:
576:
573:and the 1508
572:
567:
565:
560:
556:
551:
549:
545:
540:
536:
532:
524:
523:North America
520:
516:
515:South America
511:
507:
503:
502:Diogo Ribeiro
499:
494:
485:
483:
479:
474:
472:
466:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:North America
439:
438:South America
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
419:South America
412:
408:
404:
395:
393:
389:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:According to
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
279:
275:
271:
267:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
245:Gulf of Paria
242:
238:
233:
231:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
197:
193:
189:
179:
177:
173:
169:
161:
157:
153:
149:
140:
138:
137:
132:
128:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:Afro-Eurasian
97:
95:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4261:
4239:
4224:
4209:
4194:
4179:
4114: /
4112:List of seas
4110: /
4075:Global South
4060:Global North
3994:Atlantic Rim
3933:Ring of Fire
3913:Indian Ocean
3903:Arctic Ocean
3845:Persian Gulf
3840:Indian Ocean
3821:Adriatic Sea
3786:Arctic Ocean
3618:Amazon Basin
3613:Amazon Plain
3585:Near Oceania
3385:Mid-Atlantic
3335:Aridoamerica
3295:Northwestern
3208:Northwestern
3181:Southeastern
3073:Greater Iran
3012:Southeastern
3007:Pacific Asia
2976:Pacific Asia
2964:Northeastern
2920:Asia–Pacific
2663:Fourth World
2653:Second World
2632:
2521:
2460:
2446:
2410:hypothesised
2400:
2368:
2286:
2217:Kazakhstania
2192:Congo Craton
2146:
2082:Prehistoric
2081:
2040:
2025:
2010:
2003:Afro-Eurasia
1995:
1957:
1942:
1927:
1912:
1897:
1882:
1867:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1739:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1709:
1700:
1690:
1686:
1670:
1662:
1661:J.H. Parry,
1636:. Retrieved
1608:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1576:
1571:
1564:The Portolan
1563:
1558:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1523:J.Z. Smith,
1519:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1487:Mundus Novus
1486:
1482:
1479:Mundus Novus
1478:
1470:
1465:
1452:. Retrieved
1438:
1432:Mundus Novus
1431:
1426:
1415:
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1375:
1364:. Retrieved
1354:
1346:
1333:
1320:
1312:
1311:J.Z. Smith,
1307:
1295:
1290:
1279:
1274:
1262:
1257:
1246:
1241:
1232:(Letter 130
1229:
1224:
1216:
1215:E.G. Bourne
1211:
1203:
1188:
1183:
1175:
1155:
1119:
1114:
1020:World portal
913:
861:chili pepper
828:
825:Common beans
815:Many common
814:
755:
720:
704:South Africa
689:
680:modern world
661:
641:
614:
607:
603:
593:
586:
580:
568:
552:
548:Eratosthenes
528:
510:MUNDUS NOVUS
488:Delimitation
477:
475:
467:
463:piloto mayor
462:
449:
440:, excluding
427:
416:
407:Mundus Novus
406:
387:
384:
381:
376:
363:Mundus Novus
362:
348:
312:Mundus Novus
311:
309:
301:Mundus Novus
300:
285:Mundus Novus
284:
282:
269:
260:Mundus Novus
259:
234:
226:
200:
185:
176:Mundus Novus
175:
165:
155:
151:
134:
125:
98:
85:Mundus Novus
84:
83:
51:
49:
36:
4090:Global West
4050:Global East
4009:Pacific Rim
3951:waterbodies
3940:World Ocean
3765:New Zealand
3645:The Guianas
3534:Australasia
3477:West Indies
3400:New England
3380:Great Lakes
3350:Mesoamerica
3237:Middle East
3213:Scandinavia
3102:Middle East
2940:Caspian Sea
2846:Great Lakes
2826:Sub-Saharan
2812:Middle East
2675:Hemispheres
2658:Third World
2648:First World
2601:'s primary
2384:Novopangaea
2252:South China
2232:North China
1592:C.O. Sauer
1469:Varnhagen,
1454:14 November
1397:18 November
1366:18 November
1196: 1470
1189:Navigationi
1118:"America."
916:sweetpotato
873:Mesoamerica
871:peoples in
857:bell pepper
739:taxonomists
712:New Zealand
676:colonialism
559:Canerio map
504:labels the
498:Padrón Real
392:his history
355:East Indies
351:West Indies
253:Christendom
182:Prior usage
4288:Antarctica
4277:Categories
3831:Ionian Sea
3826:Aegean Sea
3796:Baltic Sea
3728:Antarctica
3580:Micronesia
3549:New Guinea
3507:Portuguese
3425:West Coast
3375:East Coast
3370:Bible Belt
3365:Appalachia
3044:Subregions
2952:Inner Asia
2870:Antarctica
2770:Continents
2743:Antarctica
2718:Landmasses
2628:Down Under
2623:Arab World
2607:subregions
2520:See also:
2422:Hyperborea
2412:continents
2347:Seychelles
2332:Madagascar
2312:Doggerland
2207:Euramerica
2162:Asiamerica
1890:Antarctica
1843:Continents
1752:3 December
1741:Wine Folly
1581:pp. 320–23
1536:F.A. Ober
1187:Cadamosto
1106:References
905:guinea pig
879:region of
727:Afrotropic
723:Palearctic
519:east coast
461:the first
430:1504 globe
398:Acceptance
365:letter in
222:the Indies
212:, doubted
168:Florentine
127:Antarctica
50:The term "
4166:continent
4027:Antarctic
3811:Irish Sea
3801:Black Sea
3760:Australia
3709:Caribbean
3686:continent
3660:Patagonia
3590:Polynesia
3568:Melanesia
3561:Zealandia
3539:Australia
3420:Southwest
3340:Caribbean
3117:Near East
2758:submerged
2753:Zealandia
2748:Australia
2638:Old World
2633:New World
2493:Greenland
2357:Zealandia
2322:Jan Mayen
2307:Cathaysia
2227:Laurentia
2222:Laramidia
2212:Kalaharia
2167:Atlantica
2100:Kenorland
1920:Australia
1797:129445056
1789:0957-1264
1475:pp. 13–26
1178:, p. 417)
952:pineapple
932:sunflower
829:phaseolus
735:Neotropic
716:Near East
708:Australia
672:discovery
564:Greenland
544:East Asia
496:The 1529
478:New World
476:The term
388:Orbe Novo
218:East Asia
190:explorer
170:explorer
119:" of the
117:Old World
94:continent
52:New World
18:New world
3554:Tasmania
3502:Hispanic
3360:Northern
3307:Germanic
3285:Atlantic
3227:Southern
3188:Northern
3154:Caucasus
3090:Dead Sea
3061:Caucasus
3029:Southern
3022:Maritime
3017:Mainland
2990:Northern
2971:Far East
2930:Aral Sea
2853:Southern
2797:Northern
2551:Category
2417:Atlantis
2402:Mythical
2337:Mauritia
2302:Beringia
2187:Cimmeria
2182:Chilenia
2172:Avalonia
2152:Amazonia
2135:Vaalbara
2120:Pannotia
2105:Laurasia
2095:Gondwana
2090:Columbia
2018:Americas
1746:Archived
1720:10 April
1714:Archived
1679:Archived
1632:Archived
1506:(1952).
1473:(1865:
1448:Archived
1391:Archived
1360:Archived
1298:, 1870:
1136:Americas
978:See also
956:calabash
853:capsicum
790:chickens
731:Nearctic
650:and the
517:and the
506:Americas
423:Antilles
371:Florence
278:Americas
188:Venetian
64:Americas
4232:Oceania
4202:Eurasia
4160:of the
3755:Oceania
3743:by area
3699:America
3676:Islands
3526:Oceania
3390:Midwest
3345:Central
3312:Romance
3280:Western
3149:Balkans
3144:Eastern
3139:Central
3107:Mashriq
3051:Western
2995:Siberia
2947:Eastern
2925:Central
2858:Western
2831:Central
2807:Mashriq
2802:Maghreb
2792:Saharan
2738:America
2731:Eurasia
2603:regions
2437:Meropis
2432:Lemuria
2247:Siberia
2197:Cuyania
2177:Baltica
2157:Arctica
2125:Rodinia
2115:Pangaea
2048:Oceania
2033:Eurasia
940:vanilla
936:tobacco
885:cassava
845:avocado
766:lentils
595:America
413:in 1504
328:Senegal
241:Orinoco
206:Italian
131:Oceania
103:lands.
4187:Africa
4042:Global
4032:Arctic
3971:Rivers
3949:Other
3883:Oceans
3738:Europe
3694:Africa
3487:French
3355:Middle
3317:Slavic
3302:Celtic
3203:Nordic
3193:Baltic
3131:Europe
3085:Levant
2779:Africa
2615:Worlds
2473:Arabia
2468:Alaska
2408:, and
2379:Aurica
2374:Amasia
2237:Pampia
1935:Europe
1875:Africa
1795:
1787:
1638:2 June
1624:
1383:
1339:p. 170
1326:p. 154
1300:p. 147
1200:p. 106
1126:
962:, and
960:cotton
948:papaya
938:, and
928:rubber
920:cashew
901:alpaca
897:quinoa
893:potato
889:peanut
877:Andean
865:turkey
849:tomato
839:—the "
837:squash
835:, and
798:horses
786:cattle
762:barley
648:Canada
471:strait
458:Burgos
367:Lisbon
359:Brazil
332:Brazil
316:Brazil
113:Europe
105:Africa
68:Europe
4162:world
4019:Polar
3964:lists
3959:Lakes
3778:ocean
3497:Ibero
3492:Latin
3482:Anglo
3242:Italy
2599:Earth
2352:Sunda
2342:Sahul
2292:lands
2242:Sahul
1847:Earth
1793:S2CID
1284:p. 88
1267:p. 76
1251:p. 73
1234:p. 72
944:guava
924:cocoa
909:llama
833:maize
817:crops
806:sheep
794:goats
782:wheat
533:that
344:India
324:Dakar
297:Latin
210:Spain
204:, an
158:, by
154:, or
80:Latin
56:Earth
3976:Seas
3733:Asia
3000:Ural
2912:Asia
2841:Horn
2836:East
2605:and
2406:lost
2294:and
2110:Nena
1905:Asia
1785:ISSN
1754:2014
1722:2022
1640:2016
1622:ISBN
1491:p. 9
1456:2015
1399:2020
1381:ISBN
1368:2020
1124:ISBN
950:and
907:and
802:pigs
774:peas
770:oats
581:The
539:Asia
454:Toro
444:and
320:Asia
186:The
166:The
129:and
111:and
109:Asia
4164:by
3986:Rim
3776:By
3684:By
1845:of
1777:doi
1614:doi
964:yam
911:.
831:),
823:".
778:rye
690:In
682:'.
598:".
521:of
346:.
96:.
70:'s
58:'s
4279::
2442:Mu
2404:,
2130:Ur
1791:.
1783:.
1773:21
1771:.
1738:.
1708:.
1648:^
1630:.
1620:.
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1389:.
1193:c.
1191:,
1167:^
974:.
946:,
934:,
930:,
926:,
922:,
918:,
903:,
895:,
891:,
887:,
859:,
847:,
804:,
800:,
796:,
792:,
788:,
780:,
776:,
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428:A
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107:,
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