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Although the
Spanish had occupied and expanded explorations, conquest, and settlement in the Caribbean, it was not until the conquest of central Mexico that the crown appointed a viceroy (vice king), who would be the king's living image in Mexico and envisioned to effectively assert royal authority
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in 1535 and governed for 15 years, longer than any subsequent viceroy. On his arrival in New Spain, he found a recently conquered territory beset with
Indigenous unrest and rivalry among the Spanish conquerors and Spanish settlers. His difficult assignment was to govern in the king's name without
504:. Many of the political and economic policies he established endured throughout the entire colonial period. He promoted the construction of hospitals and schools and encouraged improvements in agriculture, ranching and mining. His administration did much to bring stability and peace to New Spain.
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threatened to push the
Spaniards out of northwestern Mexico, bringing the area under indigenous control. The Viceroy himself had to take the field and bring all disposable manpower. The rebellion was quashed and the surviving Indians were harshly punished. By the viceroy's order men, women and
523:, Emperor Charles V named Mendoza viceroy of Peru. He traveled overland from Mexico to Panama, and then by boat to Peru. He arrived and took up his new office on 25 November 1550. However, he soon became ill, and died in 1552. His tomb is in the
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family holding the grant in perpetuity. In Peru, the implementation of the New Laws resulted in outright rebellion and the assassination of the viceroy. In reaction to the crisis caused by the New Laws, Mendoza introduced the policy of
450:("I obey but do not comply"), which means "I respect the authority of the crown, but in my judgment I do not implement particular legislation." He tried to not implement the New Laws, and therefore stabilized the region.
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in the
Kingdom of New Spain. To further cement his authority and establish a solid society he established marital alliances with powerful settlers committed to the development of New Spain, such as
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During his term of office, Mendoza is credited with consolidating the sovereignty of the Crown throughout the
Spanish conquests in New Spain and limiting the power and ambition of the first
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394:, which trained young men for the Catholic Church. These institutions were the first and second universities respectively to be established in the mainland of the
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335:, a rival of Cortés as its president to counter Cortés's power. In 1530 the crown granted Cortés the title of the Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca with multiple
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children were seized and executed, some by cannon fire, some torn apart by dogs, and others stabbed. In 1548 he suppressed an uprising of the
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347:. Mendoza's status as a noble and his family's loyalty to the Spanish crown made him a suitable candidate for appointment.
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339:. With the arrival of Viceroy Mendoza in 1535, Cortés pursued his own economic interests from his palace in Cuernavaca.
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New
Iberian World: A Documentary History of the Discovery and Settlement of Latin American to the Early 17th Century
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Juan Comas, "Historical
Reality and the Detractors of Father las Casas". In Juan Friede and Benjamin Keen (eds.),
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315:. Cortés himself had expected to be made the permanent ruling crown official of New Spain, since he had led the
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to explore and establish settlements in the northern lands of New Spain in 1540â42, the expedition of
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judged Cortés too independent of crown authority to be made viceroy and had created a high court (
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511:. It is reported that his advice to his successor was: "Do little and do that slowly."
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The King's Living Image: The
Culture and Politics of Viceregal Power in Colonial Mexico
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275:(1495 – 21 July 1552) was a Spanish colonial administrator who was the first
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Bartolomé de las Casas in
History: Toward an Understanding of the Man and his Work
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that put restrictions on the grants of elite conquerors awarded grants of labor
661:. Collection spéciale: CER. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, p. 493.
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1360:
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298:, and Francisca Pacheco. He was married to MarĂa Ana de Trujillo de Mendoza.
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1st
Viceroy of New Spain, (r. 1535-50); 3rd Viceroy of Peru (r. 1551-52)
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398:. In 1536 he began the minting of silver and copper coins, known as
279:, serving from 14 November 1535 to 25 November 1550, and the second
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created by the order of Mendoza, and subsequently named for him.
419:
418:. On 18 May 1541 don Antonio founded the city of Valladolid (now
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573:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2010, p. 21-22.
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in the New World was brought to Mexico in 1539, by printer
283:, from 23 September 1551, until his death on 21 July 1552.
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631:. New York: Cambridge University Press 1983, pp. 94-95.
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774:"The First and the best: Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza"
527:, along with that of the Spanish conqueror of Peru,
412:(Giovanni Paoli). The first book printed in Mexico:
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473:As viceroy, Mendoza commissioned the expedition of
181:
172:
354:were key in the formation of two institutions of
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507:He was succeeded as viceroy of New Spain by Don
541:was named in his honor in 1565. From the cape,
294:, Spain), the son of the 2nd Count of Tendilla
747:Antonio de Mendoza, first viceroy of New Spain
857:
75:14 November 1535 â 25 November 1550
553:were named in the 19th and 20th centuries.
864:
850:
750:. Internet Archive. Duke University Press.
715:, v. 1. Mexico City: JoaquĂn Porrua, 1984.
48:
1422:Spanish people in the Viceroyalty of Peru
725:. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985,
404:. Also under his instructions, the first
388:Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico
116:23 September 1551 â 21 July 1552
1341:Francisco Novella Azabal PĂ©rez y Sicardo
640:John H. Parry and Robert G. Keith, eds.
415:La Escala Espiritual de San Juan ClĂmaco
610:Early History of Greater Mexico, p. 69.
301:
1359:
1321:Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont
1165:Juan Antonio de VizarrĂłn y Eguiarreta
845:
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481:to explore the western coastline of
317:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
584:The Early History of Greater Mexico
331:) in New Spain in 1528, appointing
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485:in 1542â43, and the expedition of
429:When the Spanish crown issued the
323:(King Charles I of Spain) and the
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1438:
1336:Juan José Ruiz de Apodaca y Eliza
1233:Antonio MarĂa de Bucareli y UrsĂșa
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296:Ăñigo LĂłpez de Mendoza y Quiñones
1417:1550s in the Viceroyalty of Peru
1067:Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas
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907:
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646:The Conquerors and the Conquered
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1258:Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado
1145:Francisco FernĂĄndez de la Cueva
1057:Francisco FernĂĄndez de la Cueva
1253:Alonso NĂșñez de Haro y Peralta
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1042:GarcĂa Sarmiento de Sotomayor
682:
475:Francisco VĂĄsquez de Coronado
225:
1218:Francisco Cajigal de la Vega
744:Aiton, Arthur Scott (1927).
222:Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco
7:
1427:16th-century Spanish people
1331:FĂ©lix MarĂa Calleja del Rey
1292:FĂ©lix Berenguer de Marquina
1282:Miguel de la GrĂșa Talamanca
1248:Bernardo de GĂĄlvez y Madrid
1243:MatĂas de GĂĄlvez y Gallardo
1121:José Sarmiento y Valladares
1072:Antonio SebastiĂĄn de Toledo
599:, New York: Routledge 2004.
539:Humboldt County, California
10:
1443:
1397:People from AlcalĂĄ la Real
998:Diego FernĂĄndez de CĂłrdoba
939:MartĂn EnrĂquez de Almanza
905:
721:Orozco Linares, Fernando,
695:, v. 9. Mexico City, 1988.
366:(1536), where the sons of
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1062:Juan de Leyva de la Cerda
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834:Melchor Bravo de Saravia
713:MĂ©xico y sus gobernantes
556:
149:Melchor Bravo de Saravia
1175:Pedro CebriĂĄn y AgustĂn
1096:Payo EnrĂquez de Rivera
1052:Luis EnrĂquez de GuzmĂĄn
1027:Lope DĂez de ArmendĂĄriz
949:Pedro Moya de Contreras
703:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
701:"Mendoza, Antonio de",
691:"Mendoza, Antonio de",
487:Ruy LĂłpez de Villalobos
479:Juan RodrĂguez Cabrillo
447:obedezco pero no cumplo
392:University of Salamanca
390:(1552), modeled on the
350:Don Antonio and Bishop
345:Marina de la CaballerĂa
1346:Juan O'DonojĂș y O'Ryan
1277:Juan Vicente de GĂŒemes
1150:Fernando de Alencastre
1140:Juan Ortega y Montañés
1116:Juan Ortega y Montañés
983:Juan de Mendoza y Luna
711:GarcĂa Puron, Manuel,
705:, v. 6. Chicago, 1983.
693:Enciclopedia de MĂ©xico
1367:Viceroys of New Spain
1287:Miguel José de Azanza
1223:JoaquĂn de Montserrat
723:Gobernantes de MĂ©xico
360:Colegio de Santa Cruz
325:Council of the Indies
1387:Ambassadors of Spain
1106:Melchor Portocarrero
797:Viceroy of New Spain
770:at Wikimedia Commons
308:Viceroy of New Spain
302:Viceroy of New Spain
286:Mendoza was born at
277:viceroy of New Spain
63:Viceroy of New Spain
21:For other uses, see
1297:José de Iturrigaray
1032:Diego LĂłpez Pacheco
782:Government offices
629:Early Latin America
595:Alejandro Cañeque,
586:. Pearson 2003, 69.
582:Ida Altman, et al.
311:making an enemy of
261:Viceroyalty of Peru
1412:1550s in New Spain
1407:1540s in New Spain
1402:1530s in New Spain
1155:Baltasar de ZĂșñiga
1111:Gaspar de la Cerda
894:Antonio de Mendoza
768:Antonio de Mendoza
625:Stuart B. Schwartz
519:On 4 July 1549 in
273:Antonio de Mendoza
125:Charles I of Spain
84:Charles I of Spain
37:Antonio de Mendoza
33:The Most Excellent
1354:
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1101:TomĂĄs de la Cerda
934:GastĂłn de Peralta
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831:Succeeded by
817:Pedro de la Gasca
804:Succeeded by
790:Newly Established
766:Media related to
529:Francisco Pizarro
525:Cathedral of Lima
352:Juan de ZumĂĄrraga
270:
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254:(aged 56â57)
137:Pedro de la Gasca
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211:menËdosa]
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164:Pronunciation
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1392:Encomenderos
1185:Ferdinand VI
893:
822:
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719:(in Spanish)
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569:Ida Altman,
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455:insurrection
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252:(1552-07-21)
250:21 July 1552
144:Succeeded by
111:
91:Succeeded by
70:
15:
1382:1552 deaths
1377:1495 births
1314:(1809â1821)
1270:(1789â1809)
1211:(1760â1789)
1209:Charles III
1187:(1746â1760)
1133:(1701â1746)
1084:(1665â1701)
1010:(1621â1665)
976:(1603â1621)
927:(1566â1603)
887:(1535â1564)
878:(1535â1821)
873:Viceroys of
491:Philippines
453:In 1542 an
441:encomendero
410:Juan Pablos
337:encomiendas
229: 1495
132:Preceded by
1361:Categories
1268:Charles IV
1082:Charles II
974:Philip III
828:1550â1551
801:1535â1549
683:References
644:. vol. 1.
401:macuquinas
386:, and the
380:philosophy
364:Tlatelolco
1008:Philip IV
925:Philip II
885:Charles V
876:New Spain
547:Mendocino
424:MichoacĂĄn
329:audiencia
321:Charles V
112:In office
71:In office
1131:Philip V
521:Brussels
468:Zapotecs
431:New Laws
396:Americas
376:rhetoric
203:Spanish:
489:to the
459:Indians
457:of the
420:Morelia
121:Monarch
80:Monarch
729:
549:, and
358:: the
356:Mexico
209:
557:Notes
384:music
372:Latin
368:Aztec
241:Spain
727:ISBN
623:and
382:and
292:Jaén
257:Lima
247:Died
237:Jaén
218:Born
102:2nd
61:1st
537:in
426:).
362:at
41:KOS
1363::
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188:oÊ
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290:(
197:/
194:É
191:z
185:d
182:Ë
179:n
176:É
173:m
170:/
25:.
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