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213:. Friedlaender nonetheless maintained his membership in the WhK until 1906, when he broke with Hirschfeld and founded a third gay organization named "Secession from the WhK". Later renamed "League for Manly Culture", this organization folded shortly after Friedlaender's death by suicide on 21 June 1908 in Berlin.
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as the son of Carl
Friedlaender (1817–1876), a professor of economics. His grandfather was Nathan Friedlaender (died 1830), a Berlin physician and university lecturer. Among his siblings was Immanuel Friedlaender (1871–1948), a distinguished volcanologist. He studied mathematics, physics, botany,
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of the
Imperial Penal Code, which criminalized "unnatural vice" between males. The WhK assisted defendants in criminal trials, conducted public lectures, and gathered signatures on a petition for the repeal of the law. It found some parliamentary support for its law reform efforts in the
205:. Some members of the GdE advocated the classical Greek practice of having a relationship with a younger man while being married. The GdE also spurned Hirschfeld's efforts at law reform and coalition-building with the Social Democrats and the
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Die
Renaissance des Eros Uranios. Die physiologische Freundschaft, ein normaler Grundtrieb des Menschen und eine Frage der männlichen Gesellungsfreiheit. In naturwissenschaftlicher, naturrechtlicher, culturgeschichtlicher und sittenkritischer
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Die vier
Hauptrichtungen der modernen socialen Bewegung: Marxistische Socialdemokratie, Anarchismus, Eugen Dührings socialitäres System und
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Der freiheitliche
Sozialismus im Gegensatz zum Staatsknechtsthum der Marxisten. Mit besonderer BerĂĽcksichtigung der Werke und Schicksale
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193:'s libertarian philosophy of "self-ownership" or autonomy. The GdE repudiated Hirschfeld's understanding of homosexuality in a
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Entwurf zu einer reizphysiologische
Analyse der erotischen Anziehung unter Zugrundlegung vorwiegend homosexuellen Materials.
209:, adopting instead a diffusely anarchist outlook inspired by Stirner's individualism and the sweeping cultural criticism of
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and physiology in Berlin, earning a Ph.D. in zoology in 1888. As a well-to-do donor, he supported the anarchist journal
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The
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spectrum and instead emphasized the masculinity of male-male sexuality, as did
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181:(GdE), usually translated as Community of the Special, in 1903. The word
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and ten others, Friedlaender founded the homosexual organization called
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We Are
Everywhere: A Historical Sourcebook of Gay and Lesbian Politics
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189:) and "owned, possessed", and the GdE's name was inspired in part by
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108:(8 July 1866 – 21 June 1908; first name occasionally spelled
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Männliche und weibliche Kultur. Eine kausalhistorische
Betrachtung
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Friedlaender wrote several books on different themes. He wrote
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Beiträge zur
Kenntniss des Centralnervensystems von Lumbricus
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sexologist, sociologist, economist, volcanologist, physicist
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Neophysiokratie, kritisch und vergleichend dargestellt
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185:can mean both "peculiar, distinctive, odd" (as in
301:Die Liebe Platons im Lichte der modernen Biologie
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153:. He gave substantial financial support to
297:. Leipzig: "Deutscher Kampf" Verlag, 1906.
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16:German academic and scientist (1866–1908)
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303:. Berlin-Treptow: Bernhard Zack, 1909.
285:. Berlin-Treptow: Bernhard Zack, 1904.
337:Blasius, Mark; Phelan, Shane (1997),
246:. Berlin: Freie Verlagsanstalt, 1892.
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220:, which called for the revival of "
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319:Individualist anarchism in Europe
159:Scientific-Humanitarian Committee
527:20th-century German LGBTQ people
432:19th-century German LGBTQ people
250:Absolute oder relative Bewegung?
218:Die Renaissance des Eros Uranios
457:19th-century German physicists
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341:, Routledge, pp. 151–69,
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502:German LGBTQ rights activists
236:. Berlin: Dissertation, 1888.
149:and published in the journal
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361:Fone, Byrne R. S. (1998).
262:. Berlin: H. Paetel, 1896.
532:First homosexual movement
369:Columbia University Press
276:Marxismus und Anarchismus
140:Friedlaender was born in
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477:Individualist anarchists
442:19th-century German Jews
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278:. Berlin: Calvary, 1901.
272:. Berlin: Calvary, 1901.
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179:Gemeinschaft der Eigenen
168:Social Democratic Party
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112:) was a German Jewish
472:German volcanologists
291:Leipzig: Spohr, 1905.
106:Benedict Friedlaender
35:Friedlaender ca. 1900
23:Benedict Friedlaender
507:German LGBTQ writers
314:Anarchism in Germany
522:Writers from Berlin
517:Suicides in Germany
492:Jewish sociologists
467:German sociologists
452:German male writers
447:German libertarians
211:Friedrich Nietzsche
462:German sexologists
400:2007-09-30 at the
59:Kingdom of Prussia
487:Jewish physicists
482:Jewish anarchists
437:German anarchists
378:978-0-231-09671-3
348:978-0-415-90859-7
207:feminist movement
155:Magnus Hirschfeld
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71:(1908-06-21)
69:21 June 1908
427:1908 deaths
417:1866 births
283:Beleuchtung
256:Der Vulkan
195:transgender
191:Max Stirner
175:Adolf Brand
118:sociologist
88:Nationality
51:8 July 1866
512:Masculists
497:LGBTQ Jews
411:Categories
260:auf Hawaii
222:Greek love
199:André Gide
187:Oddfellows
114:sexologist
77:Schöneberg
47:1866-07-08
130:physicist
122:economist
398:Archived
308:See also
110:Benedikt
258:Kilauea
203:Corydon
183:Eigenen
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142:Berlin
128:, and
91:German
55:Berlin
325:Notes
228:Works
173:With
147:Kampf
373:ISBN
343:ISBN
136:Life
66:Died
41:Born
224:".
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