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76:
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787:. As part of the effort to prevent another leader from rising above the party as Mao had done, all four posts were intended to be held by separate people. The president therefore performed ceremonial duties such as greeting foreign dignitaries and signing the appointment of embassy staff, and did not intervene in the affairs of the State Council or the party. The constitution also mandated term limits for the office, stipulating the president and vice president could not serve more than two consecutive terms.
1519:
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92:
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685:) and acts as its chairman." The members of the Supreme State Conference included the main officers of state, and its views were to be presented to the main organs of state and government, including the National People's Congress and the State and National Defense Councils. The Supreme State Conference was also unique to the 1954 Constitution. It was abolished under the 1975 Constitution and later Constitutions have not included a similar body.
662:. Though the ceremonial powers of the office were largely identical to those in the current Constitution, the powers of the 1954 office differed from those of the current office in two areas: military and governmental. The state chairman's military powers were defined in the 1954 Constitution as follows: "The Chairman of the People's Republic of China commands the armed forces of the state, and is chairman of the National Defence Council (
1298:
931:" clause is the only presidential power that does not stipulate any form of oversight from the NPC. As the vast majority of presidential powers are dependent on the ratification of the NPC, the president is, in essence, a symbolic post without any direct say in the governance of the state. It is, therefore, conceived to mainly function as a symbolic institution of the state rather than an office with true executive powers.
1397:
978:, after the CCP general secretary and Chinese premier. President Yang Shangkun was not a member of CCP Politburo Standing Committee, but he ranked third after CCP General Secretary Zhao Ziyang/Jiang Zemin and CMC Chairman Deng Xiaoping. Since Jiang Zemin's accession to the office in 1993, the president has also the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, ranking first in party and state.
779:, adopted by the 5th Session of the 5th NPC in 1982. In the 1982 Constitution, the party developed policy while the state executed it, and the president was conceived of as a ceremonial and replacement figure with a role similar to that of equivalent of figurehead presidents in parliamentary republics. Actual state power was vested in the general secretary of the Communist Party, the
2197:
2289:
2264:
832:, by a vote of 2,958 in favor, two opposed and three abstaining, passed a constitutional amendment that removed the previous term limits for the president and the vice president. Xi explained the decision in terms of needing to align the presidency with his more powerful posts of general secretary of the party and CMC chairman, which do not have term limits.
924:, issue mass mobilization orders, and issue state honours. In addition, the president names and dismisses ambassadors to foreign countries and signs and annuls treaties with foreign entities. According to the Constitution, all of these powers require the approval or confirmation of the National People's Congress (NPC), which the office is subject to.
876:, the Congress's executive organ. However, the nomination is effectively made by the Chinese Communist Party, with the decisions being made among Party leaders. Although the Presidium could theoretically nominate multiple candidates for the presidency, leading the election to be competitive, it has always nominated a single candidate for the office.
718:
and non-party positions on 31 October 1968, including the post of state chairman. This was in violation of the
Constitution, which required a vote by the NPC to remove the state chairman. After Liu's removal in 1968, the office of state chairman was vacant. From 1972 to 1975, however, state media referred to Vice State Chairman
935:
the ballot, it can only approve or reject. To date, it has never rejected a personnel nomination. Since the premier, the head of government in China, is the most important political appointment in the
Chinese government, the nomination power, under some circumstances, may give the president real political influence.
879:
After the nomination, the president is elected by the NPC, which also has the power to remove the president and other state officers from office. Elections and removals are decided by majority vote. The length of the president's term of office is the same as the NPC, which is 5 years. Since 2018, the
717:
and by August 1966 Mao and his supporters succeeding in removing Liu from his position as party vice chairman. A few months later Liu was apparently placed under house arrest, and after a prolonged power struggle the 12th Plenum of the 8th
Communist Party Congress stripped Liu Shaoqi of all his party
934:
In theory, the president has discretion in selecting the premier, though in practice, the premier has historically been selected through the top-level discussions of the
Chinese Communist Party. Upon the premier's nomination, the NPC convenes to confirm the nomination, but since only one name is on
2810:
If Xi relinquished the presidency in 2023 but remained party chief and chairman of the
Central Military commission (CMC), his successor as president would be nothing more than a symbolic figure... "Once the president is neither the party's general secretary nor the CMC chairman, he or she will be
790:
The posts of the premier, president and CCP general secretary were held by different individuals in the 1980s. That said, in reality political power was concentrated on Deng
Xiaoping, effectively the paramount leader, who controlled the Party, government and the military from "behind the scenes"
3040:
In China, the political job that matters most is the general secretary of the
Communist Party. The party controls the military and domestic security forces and sets the policies that the government carries out. China's presidency lacks the authority of the American and French
814:, who had been general secretary of the CCP and chairman of the Central Military Commission since 1989, assumed the presidency as well, becoming the undisputed top leader of the party and the state. Jiang stepped down as president in 2003, handing the post to then–
896:
The president functions as the state representative of China both internally and externally. According to the constitution, the presidency is not a position but a state organ that represents the PRC in state activities, but one person serves the presidency.
1207:), which literally translates to "state chairman", was unchanged in the Chinese text, but a new English translation of "President of the People's Republic of China" has been adopted since 1982, instead of "Chairman of the People's Republic of China".
763:
When it was agreed to amend the constitution again in 1980, questions to whether to restore the presidency arose. Research showed that having the NPCSC chairman as the national representative created problems, as the position was equivalent to the
612:
upon the establishment of the
Republic on 1 January 1912. The presidency in its current form was the chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, which was established on 1 October 1949 by a decision of the
754:
was adopted, which also lacked the office of state chairman, but did place a greater emphasis on the ceremonial roles performed by the chairman of the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress as state representative.
3194:
821:, the first vice president to assume the office. Hu had already become general secretary in 2002. In turn, Hu vacated both offices for Xi Jinping in 2012 and 2013, who had also previously served as vice president under Hu.
572:
functions. The president can engage in state affairs with the consent of the NPC Standing
Committee. While the presidency is not a powerful organ in itself, since 27 March 1993, the president has concurrently served as
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The state chairman's governmental powers were defined in the 1954 Constitution as follows: "The Chairman of the People's Republic of China, whenever necessary, convenes a Supreme State Conference (
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However, the role of party chief is more senior than that of president. At some point, Xi could be given a party position that also enables him to stay on as long as he likes.
17:
5322:
Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the Europe–Asia border. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the Africa–Asia border.
4144:
3441:
739:
598:
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633:, after which the presidency became vacant. The post of chairman was abolished under the Constitution of 1975, and the function of state representative was bestowed on the
738:
which eliminated the office of state chairman and emphasized instead the leadership of the Communist Party over the state, including an article that made the CCP chairman
637:. The office was reinstated in the Constitution of 1982 but with reduced powers and a stipulation that the president could not serve more than two consecutive terms. The
4297:
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1171:
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618:
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3091:, or "state chairman", a title usually translated into English as "president". But it is his position as the party's general secretary that indicates his top status.
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183:
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The political ranking of the presidency has changed throughout the decades, influenced by the officeholder of the time. 2nd President Liu Shaoqi was also the
4317:
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799:(1988–1993) were not simple figureheads, but actually significant players in the highest leadership. They derived most of their power from being amongst the
614:
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66:
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249:
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is the most powerful figure in the Chinese political system. He is the President of China, but his real influence comes from his position as the
1164:
2502:
974:, and ranked second in the Chinese Communist Party, behind CCP Chairman Mao Zedong. President Li Xiannian was also the 5th ranked member of the
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873:
217:
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806:
In the 1990s, the experiment of separating party and state posts, which led to conflict between Deng Xiaoping and Zhao Ziyang during the
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Article 79 of the Constitution sets three qualifications for being elected for the presidency. To serve as president, one must:
5228:
4048:
1070:
885:
5364:
5354:
5349:
4919:
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3017:
2479:在我国，国家主席无实质、独立的权力，是"虚位"国家元首。"In our nation, the President does not hold substantive, separate power, and is ceremonial..."
5311:
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of the PLA in concurrence as chairman of the party CMC, while the duties of state representative were transferred to the
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31:
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Under the current constitution, instated in 1982 with minor revisions in later years, the president has the power to
747:
731:
710:
698:
694:
605:
670:)." The National Defence Council was unique to the 1954 Constitution, and was mandated as the civil command for the
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3106:
China's National People's Congress 2010: Addressing Challenges With No Breakthrough in Legislative Assertiveness
2140:
Since the first president, six presidents have had a spouse during their terms in office. The current spouse is
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642:
549:
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927:
The president also conducts state visits on behalf of the People's Republic. Under the constitution, the "
61:
5193:
5188:
5163:
4526:
4258:
3138:
Weng, Byron (1982). "Some Key Aspects of the 1982 Draft Constitution of the People's Republic of China".
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CCP Chairman Mao Zedong was the first to hold the office of state chairman. He was elected at the
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The office of state chairman (the original English translation) was first established under the
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were abolished in 2018. Since 1982, the title's official English-language translation has been "
195:
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According to the Organic Law of the National People's Congress (NPC), constitutionally China's
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125:
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2533:
Chang, Yu-Nan (1956). "The Chinese Communist State System Under the Constitution of 1954".
1215:
Article 84 of the Constitution of China. If the office of president falls vacant, then the
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75:
1223:
temporarily acts as president until the NPC can elect a new president and vice president.
8:
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2421:
continues to mean "chairman" in a generic context. Incidentally, the president of the
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agreed to restore the presidency, but without powers in specific government affairs.
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Air transports of heads of state and government#China, People's Republic of (China)
2406:
1812:
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1361:
909:
678:
663:
594:
530:
35:
2900:
552:. The presidency is a state organ of the NPC and equivalent to, for instance, the
4704:
4268:
2928:"Organic Law of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China"
2881:
President insists term extension is necessary to align government and party posts
2863:
2788:"Does Chinese Leader Xi Jinping Plan to Hang on to Power for More than 10 Years?"
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850:
451:
430:
395:
376:
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does not define it as such. However, since 1993, the post has been held by the
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80:
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339:
91:
30:
For the president of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, see
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1987:
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928:
811:
792:
609:
303:
2357:
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3498:
2962:"NPC 2023: How China Selects Its State Leaders for the Next Five Years"
2731:
2564:
2324:
2227:
2207:
2182:
2177:
2096:
1691:
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1569:
1304:
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499:
308:
139:
99:
3161:
3113:
2613:
3638:
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3545:
2657:[What kind of national institution is the State President?].
2299:
2043:
1754:
1547:
1326:
818:
719:
34:. For the de facto top leader of the People's Republic of China, see
4033:
2687:. Foreword by Roderick MacFarquhar. New York: Simon & Schuster.
2548:
1389:
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
744:
chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
3112:. Background Brief. Singapore: East Asian Institute. Archived from
2828:
2477:(in Chinese (China)). Chinese Communist Party News. 14 March 2013.
3405:
Party of One: The Rise of Xi Jinping and China's Superpower Future
2756:
207:
2681:
Zhao, Ziyang (2009). Bao Pu; Adi Ignatius; Renee Chiang (eds.).
3585:
2288:
1403:
1233:
List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China
1198:
947:
917:
621:
with the office of state chairman. It was successively held by
2468:"国家主席是什么样的国家机构？"What kind of national organ is the president""
2263:
1243:
1219:
succeeds to the office. If both offices fall vacant, then the
3694:
3018:"Ending Term Limits for China's Xi Is a Big Deal. Here's Why"
791:
without holding any of the three posts. However, presidents
548:(NPC) functions as the only branch of government and as the
2442:
is used to carry the president on international trips. See
2196:
904:
laws, select and dismiss the premier (head of government),
3087:
Xi Jinping is often referred to by his ceremonial role as
604:
The first state representative of China dates back to the
4663:
2858:"China's Xi Jinping Says He Is Opposed to Life-Long Rule"
972:
first-ranked vice chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
2752:"China Sets Stage for Xi to Stay in Office Indefinitely"
2684:
Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Zhao Ziyang
938:
The director of the Office of the President of the PRC (
506:. While the office has many of the characteristics of a
3458:
State representative of the People's Republic of China
3051:
3049:
2413:, while the presidents of other countries are termed
2339:
3310:
3282:"Jiang Zemin to Have Lower Rank in Communist Party"
3185:"5 Children of Liu Shaoqi Detail Years in Disfavor"
3046:
2856:
2750:Blanchard, Ben; Wong, Sue-Lin (25 February 2018).
697:of the National People's Congress in 1954. At the
615:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
2377:List of leaders of the People's Republic of China
645:", although the Chinese title remains unchanged.
67:National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
5331:
2901:"Constitution of the People's Republic of China"
2736:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
1226:
734:was convened in 1975, its main act was to adopt
713:in Jan 1965. However, in 1966, Mao launched the
674:. It was abolished under the 1975 Constitution.
3369:State Council of the People's Republic of China
2811:hollowed out, just like a body without a soul."
2387:Air transports of heads of state and government
18:Chairman of the People's Republic of China
856:have the right to vote and stand for election;
629:. Liu fell into political disgrace during the
250:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
4649:
4049:
3670:
3442:
2990:"President of the People's Republic of China"
2786:Choi, Chi-yuk; Zhou, Viola (6 October 2017).
2749:
1165:
709:. Liu was reelected as state chairman at the
560:, rather than a political office, unlike the
448:
427:
390:
371:
143:
129:
51:
5340:Presidents of the People's Republic of China
4140:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
3102:
2824:"China Approves 'president for Life' Change"
707:Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
3247:
1285:Chairman of the Central People's Government
785:chairman of the Central Military Commission
750:was convened two years early, in 1978, and
524:chairman of the Central Military Commission
488:president of the People's Republic of China
218:Presidium of the National People's Congress
4656:
4642:
4056:
4042:
3677:
3663:
3449:
3435:
3016:Buckley, Chris; Wu, Adam (10 March 2018).
3009:
2709:"A Simple Guide to the Chinese Government"
2135:
1172:
1158:
953:Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Zhǔxí Bàngōngshì
3250:"Yang Shangkun Elected Chinese President"
3015:
2117:11 years, 200 days (Incumbent)
2854:
2816:
2785:
1863:
1740:
1030:
653:
3182:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2460:
1369:Vice-Chairwoman acted as the Chairwoman
803:, rather than the office of president.
14:
5332:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2628:from the original on 19 September 2020
2493:"Public Employees Get Salary Increase"
2129:71 years, 107 days (Living)
2085:81 years, 284 days (Living)
1221:chairman of the NPC Standing Committee
1210:
758:
635:chairman of the NPC Standing Committee
81:Flag of the People's Republic of China
4664:Heads of state and government of Asia
4637:
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4037:
4019:
4017:
4015:
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3832:
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3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3658:
3430:
3379:from the original on 25 November 2021
3248:Del Vecchio, Mark S. (8 April 1988).
2984:
2982:
2764:from the original on 26 February 2018
2585:
2532:
2409:, the president of the PRC is termed
688:
3402:
3316:
3217:"Li Xiannian: China's New President"
3137:
3055:
2959:
2886:
2680:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
959:
891:
872:, the president is nominated by the
725:
593:(CMC), making the incumbent China's
3103:Yew, Chiew Ping; Gang Chen (2010).
3067:
2948:
2800:from the original on 7 October 2017
2490:
1334:Vice-Chairman acted as the Chairman
1231:For a more comprehensive list, see
24:
3298:from the original on 12 March 2018
3262:from the original on 12 March 2018
3229:from the original on 12 March 2018
3197:from the original on 29 April 2018
3030:from the original on 12 March 2018
2979:
2871:from the original on 17 April 2018
2836:from the original on 11 March 2018
2438:Currently, a specially configured
2187:27 September 1954 – 27 April 1959
568:, the presidency performs certain
343:
32:President of the Republic of China
25:
5376:
4318:Political Consultative Conference
3340:from the original on 15 June 2020
2640:
2517:
808:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
775:The office was reinstated in the
502:and has no real power in China's
4165:
3685:
3507:
3070:"Who leads the Communist Party?"
2721:from the original on 13 May 2018
2505:from the original on 5 June 2019
2491:Luo, Wangshu (20 January 2015).
2356:
2342:
2312:
2287:
2262:
2220:
2212:27 April 1959 – 31 October 1968
2195:
2170:
2144:, wife of President Xi Jinping.
1561:
1539:
1517:
1495:
1473:
1444:
1417:
1395:
1353:
1318:
1296:
1266:
976:CCP Politburo Standing Committee
90:
74:
60:
4276:National Supervisory Commission
3996:National Supervisory Commission
3352:
3322:
3274:
3241:
3209:
3176:
3131:
3096:
3061:
2920:
2855:Mitchell, Tom (16 April 2018).
2848:
2779:
2588:"China's Changing Constitution"
2475:(official newspaper of the CCP)
2432:
830:13th National People's Congress
558:National Supervisory Commission
4293:Supreme People's Procuratorate
4152:Provincial standing committees
4010:Supreme People's Procuratorate
3395:
2743:
2701:
2673:
2579:
2484:
2399:
2304:15 March 2003 – 14 March 2013
2279:27 March 1993 – 15 March 2003
1203:
1194:
952:
943:
840:
701:in 1959, Mao was succeeded by
449:
428:
391:
372:
170:National leader level official
144:
110:Office of the President of the
52:
13:
1:
3703:
3183:Mathews, Jay (4 March 1980).
2453:
2382:Orders of precedence in China
2254:8 April 1988 – 27 March 1993
1583:
1466:
1227:List of state representatives
1184:
966:Orders of precedence in China
886:constitutional oath of office
27:State representative of China
5365:1982 establishments in China
5355:1954 establishments in China
5350:China politics-related lists
4340:United Front Work Department
2960:Liao, Zewei (4 March 2023).
2237:18 June 1983 – 8 April 1988
2089:
2036:
1980:
1924:
1868:
1803:
1745:
1684:
1628:
956:) is currently Han Shiming.
912:as well as ministers of the
870:highest organ of state power
835:
722:as "acting state chairman".
562:premier of the State Council
550:highest state organ of power
536:The presidency is a part of
7:
4249:Central Military Commission
3989:Central Military Commission
2586:Cohen, Jerome Alan (1978).
2335:
1259:
1238:
863:
810:, was terminated. In 1993,
591:Central Military Commission
538:system of people's congress
261:Central People's Government
10:
5381:
4191:National People's Congress
3719:National People's Congress
3695:People's Republic of China
3255:United Press International
3222:United Press International
2933:National People's Congress
2906:National People's Congress
2329:14 March 2013 – Incumbent
2116:
2113:
1230:
963:
648:
608:when the post was held by
546:National People's Congress
540:based on the principle of
496:People's Republic of China
357:People's Republic of China
228:National People's Congress
196:West Building, Zhongnanhai
180:National People's Congress
112:People's Republic of China
46:People's Republic of China
29:
5345:Ceremonial heads of state
5320:
5287:
5253:limited recognized states
5252:
4989:
4978:
4944:limited recognized states
4943:
4680:
4669:
4615:
4595:
4572:
4525:
4402:
4369:
4348:
4308:
4174:
4163:
4094:
4071:
3970:
3968:
3960:
3958:
3950:
3948:
3940:
3938:
3930:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3748:
3746:
3701:
3607:
3564:
3516:
3505:
3482:
3464:
3154:10.1017/S0305741000000692
2606:10.1017/S0305741000049584
2243:
1189:The title of the office (
880:president is required to
859:be at least 45 years old.
682:
667:
476:
467:
463:
442:
421:
416:
407:
403:
384:
365:
361:
354:
335:
325:
315:
299:
267:
255:
245:
233:
223:
213:
201:
189:
175:
165:
157:
130:
116:
109:
87:
73:
59:
50:
43:
4259:People's Liberation Army
3075:South China Morning Post
2793:South China Morning Post
2714:South China Morning Post
2392:
888:before assuming office.
672:People's Liberation Army
498:, which on its own is a
486:, officially titled the
444:Traditional Chinese
386:Traditional Chinese
104:since 14 March 2013
3403:Wong, Chun Han (2023).
3360:"中华人民共和国国务院公报一九八一年第十一号"
3068:Mai, Jun (8 May 2021).
2536:The Journal of Politics
2372:List of Chinese leaders
2136:Spouse of the president
583:Chinese Communist Party
520:Chinese Communist Party
423:Simplified Chinese
367:Simplified Chinese
273:; 112 years ago
246:Constituting instrument
241:renewable with no-limit
5360:1975 disestablishments
4281:Supreme People's Court
4003:Supreme People's Court
3778:NPC Standing Committee
566:NPC Standing Committee
286:; 70 years ago
284:27 September 1954
4333:People's organization
4264:People's Armed Police
1864:Presidency abolished
766:speaker of parliament
654:Establishment in 1954
617:. It was replaced in
5229:United Arab Emirates
4920:United Arab Emirates
3691:Central state organs
3409:Simon & Schuster
3372:. pp. 327–328.
3292:Agence France-Presse
3119:on 23 September 2015
1280:(27 September 1954 –
993:Orders of succession
918:presidential pardons
768:in other countries.
752:a third Constitution
619:Constitution in 1954
564:. Together with the
512:Chinese constitution
492:state representative
161:State representative
4133:Military Commission
3294:. 24 January 2013.
3190:The Washington Post
3141:The China Quarterly
2593:The China Quarterly
2114:59 years, 272 days
2032:96 years, 105 days
2020:76 years, 210 days
2008:66 years, 222 days
1964:85 years, 236 days
1952:80 years, 250 days
1920:82 years, 364 days
1908:78 years, 290 days
1896:73 years, 360 days
1859:88 years, 122 days
1833:88 years, 109 days
1787:88 years, 318 days
1775:85 years, 356 days
1736:70 years, 353 days
1724:69 years, 342 days
1712:60 years, 154 days
1680:82 years, 258 days
1668:64 years, 122 days
1656:60 years, 275 days
1377:Honorary Chairwoman
1211:Order of succession
922:states of emergency
824:On March 11, 2018,
777:fourth Constitution
759:Restoration in 1982
715:Cultural Revolution
631:Cultural Revolution
271:1 January 1912
4298:Procurator-General
4196:Standing Committee
4114:Standing Committee
2076:70 years, 84 days
2070:9 years, 365 days
2064:60 years, 84 days
2014:9 years, 353 days
1976:91 years, 42 days
1970:14 September 1998
1958:4 years, 352 days
1902:4 years, 295 days
1799:89 years, 28 days
1781:2 years, 327 days
1741:Presidency vacant
1718:9 years, 187 days
1662:4 years, 212 days
1409:(17 January 1975 –
1345:24 February 1972 –
1290:27 September 1954)
736:a new Constitution
689:History up to 1974
599:commander-in-chief
484:president of China
342:150,000 per annum
184:Standing Committee
5327:
5326:
5283:
5282:
4990:UN members
4974:
4973:
4681:UN members
4631:
4630:
4611:
4610:
4565:
4363:
4119:General Secretary
4104:Central Committee
4065:Politics of China
4031:
4030:
4025:
4024:
3652:
3651:
3609:1982 Constitution
3581:NPCSC Chairperson
3518:1954 Constitution
2832:. 11 March 2018.
2694:978-1-4391-4938-6
2659:cpc.people.com.cn
2446:for more details.
2423:Republic of China
2333:
2332:
2133:
2132:
2026:30 November 2022
1810:Ching-ling, Soong
1730:12 November 1969
1674:9 September 1976
1618:
1614:Age at retirement
1611:
1604:
1578:
1556:
1534:
1512:
1490:
1461:
1439:
1433:Acting Chairwoman
1412:
1383:
1374:24 February 1972;
1372:31 October 1968 –
1348:
1339:24 February 1972;
1337:31 October 1968 –
1313:
1291:
1182:
1181:
960:Political ranking
910:state councillors
892:Powers and duties
826:the first session
740:supreme commander
726:Abolition in 1975
660:1954 Constitution
579:Central Committee
575:general secretary
526:, who is China's
516:general secretary
500:ceremonial office
480:
479:
472:
471:
412:
411:
350:
349:
16:(Redirected from
5372:
4987:
4986:
4678:
4677:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4635:
4634:
4596:Claimed province
4559:
4367:
4366:
4357:
4237:State Councilors
4186:Paramount leader
4169:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4035:
4034:
3705:
3704:
3689:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3656:
3655:
3511:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3364:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3225:. 18 June 1983.
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3111:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3084:
3082:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3044:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2986:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2957:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2897:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2860:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2728:
2726:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2655:"国家主席是什么样的国家机构？"
2651:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2530:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2464:
2447:
2436:
2430:
2403:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2316:
2291:
2266:
2224:
2199:
2174:
2147:
2146:
2128:
2111:
2109:
2103:
2095:
2084:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2055:21 December 1942
2051:21 December 1942
2050:
2042:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1986:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1930:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1874:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1838:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1813:Soong Ching-ling
1811:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1761:
1753:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1703:24 November 1898
1699:24 November 1898
1698:
1690:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1647:26 December 1893
1643:26 December 1893
1642:
1634:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1600:Age at ascension
1588:
1587:
1575:(14 March 2013 –
1574:
1565:
1553:(15 March 2003 –
1552:
1543:
1531:(27 March 1993 –
1530:
1521:
1508:
1499:
1486:
1477:
1457:
1448:
1430:
1421:
1408:
1399:
1366:
1357:
1347:17 January 1975)
1331:
1322:
1312:31 October 1968)
1310:(27 April 1959 –
1309:
1300:
1288:1 October 1949 –
1279:
1270:
1205:
1196:
1174:
1167:
1160:
995:
981:
980:
954:
945:
795:(1983–1988) and
695:founding session
684:
669:
595:paramount leader
504:political system
465:
464:
459:
458:
438:
437:
417:alternative name
405:
404:
399:
398:
380:
379:
355:President of the
352:
351:
345:
306:(Republican era)
294:
292:
287:
282:(Republican era)
281:
279:
274:
259:Chairman of the
147:
146:
133:
132:
94:
78:
64:
55:
54:
44:President of the
41:
40:
36:Paramount leader
21:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5316:
5289:Supreme leaders
5279:
5265:Northern Cyprus
5248:
4991:
4981:
4970:
4956:Northern Cyprus
4939:
4682:
4672:
4665:
4662:
4632:
4627:
4607:
4591:
4568:
4528:
4521:
4398:
4360:current leaders
4356:
4353:
4350:
4344:
4304:
4177:
4170:
4161:
4096:Communist Party
4090:
4067:
4062:
4032:
4027:
4026:
3697:
3683:
3653:
3648:
3611:
3603:
3573:
3560:
3520:
3512:
3503:
3486:
3478:
3460:
3455:
3425:
3419:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3181:
3177:
3148:(91): 492–506.
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3101:
3097:
3080:
3078:
3066:
3062:
3054:
3047:
3033:
3031:
3014:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2988:
2987:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2958:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2936:. 11 March 2021
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2899:
2898:
2887:
2874:
2872:
2864:Financial Times
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2803:
2801:
2784:
2780:
2767:
2765:
2748:
2744:
2724:
2722:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2661:. 14 March 2013
2653:
2652:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2600:(76): 794–841.
2584:
2580:
2549:10.2307/2127261
2531:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2489:
2485:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2437:
2433:
2417:. Furthermore,
2404:
2400:
2395:
2364:Politics portal
2362:
2355:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2138:
2126:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2082:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1836:
1830:
1824:27 January 1893
1823:
1821:
1820:27 January 1893
1817:
1809:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1566:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1522:
1513:
1510:
1509:(8 April 1988 –
1507:
1500:
1491:
1488:
1487:(18 June 1983 –
1485:
1478:
1469:
1462:
1459:
1458:(5 March 1978 –
1456:
1449:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1422:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1400:
1391:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1358:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1323:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1301:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1271:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1213:
1187:
1178:
991:
989:
968:
962:
894:
866:
851:Chinese citizen
843:
838:
761:
728:
705:, first-ranked
691:
656:
651:
356:
307:
290:
288:
285:
283:
277:
275:
272:
240:
153:
149:
135:
111:
105:
103:
102:
98:
95:
83:
69:
45:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5378:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4984:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4675:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4638:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4578:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4542:Inner Mongolia
4539:
4533:
4531:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4371:Municipalities
4364:
4352:province-level
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4215:Vice President
4207:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4172:
4171:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4100:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4038:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4007:
4005:
4000:
3998:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3612:(1982–present)
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3550:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3484:Common Program
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3474:Vice President
3471:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3431:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3351:
3321:
3319:, p. 306.
3309:
3273:
3240:
3208:
3175:
3130:
3095:
3060:
3045:
3023:New York Times
3008:
2978:
2947:
2919:
2885:
2847:
2815:
2778:
2742:
2700:
2693:
2672:
2639:
2578:
2543:(3): 520–546.
2516:
2483:
2473:People's Daily
2458:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2431:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2353:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1999:17 August 1926
1995:17 August 1926
1990:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1934:
1929:Shangkun, Yang
1926:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1815:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1757:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:Date of death
1619:
1612:
1607:Time in office
1605:
1598:
1597:Date of birth
1595:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1567:
1560:
1558:
1555:14 March 2013)
1545:
1538:
1536:
1533:15 March 2003)
1523:
1516:
1514:
1511:27 March 1993)
1501:
1494:
1492:
1479:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1401:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1380:16 May 1981 –
1359:
1352:
1350:
1342:Acted Chairman
1324:
1317:
1315:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1282:27 April 1959;
1272:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1228:
1225:
1217:vice president
1212:
1209:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1005:
1004:
998:
997:
964:Main article:
961:
958:
893:
890:
865:
862:
861:
860:
857:
854:
842:
839:
837:
834:
816:Vice President
760:
757:
727:
724:
690:
687:
655:
652:
650:
647:
606:Republican era
570:heads of state
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
468:Transcriptions
461:
460:
446:
440:
439:
425:
419:
418:
414:
413:
410:
409:
408:Transcriptions
401:
400:
388:
382:
381:
369:
363:
362:
359:
358:
348:
347:
337:
333:
332:
330:Vice President
327:
323:
322:
317:
313:
312:
311:(current form)
301:
297:
296:
295:(current form)
269:
265:
264:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
237:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
205:
199:
198:
193:
187:
186:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
152:
151:
140:His Excellency
137:
122:
120:
114:
113:
107:
106:
96:
89:
88:
85:
84:
79:
71:
70:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5377:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5319:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5270:South Ossetia
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5251:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:and observers
4988:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4961:South Ossetia
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:and observers
4679:
4676:
4674:
4668:
4659:
4654:
4652:
4647:
4645:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4563:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4328:Minor parties
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4232:Vice Premiers
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4222:State Council
4220:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4168:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4054:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4022:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3982:State Council
3977:
3975:
3923:
3920:
3912:
3910:
3902:
3900:
3892:
3890:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3848:
3846:
3838:
3836:
3831:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3807:
3792:
3790:
3779:
3765:
3763:
3733:
3731:
3720:
3706:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3680:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:Yang Shangkun
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3592:Song Qingling
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:Constitutions
3571:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3542:Song Qingling
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3440:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3420:
3418:9781982185732
3414:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3361:
3355:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3330:"历届中华人民共和国主席"
3325:
3318:
3313:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3287:The Telegraph
3283:
3277:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3115:
3108:
3107:
3099:
3092:
3090:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3064:
3058:, p. 24.
3057:
3052:
3050:
3042:
3041:presidencies.
3029:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3012:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2882:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2851:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2812:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2676:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2459:
2445:
2441:
2440:Boeing 747-8i
2435:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2354:
2351:
2340:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:Yang Shangkun
2248:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
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4310:United front
4209:
4157:Constitution
4076:Constitution
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3494:CPG Chairman
3468:
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3381:. Retrieved
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3114:the original
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3089:guojia zhuxi
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3086:
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3021:
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2995:China.org.cn
2993:
2969:. Retrieved
2966:NPC Observer
2965:
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2675:
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2496:
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2401:
2350:China portal
2295:Liu Yongqing
2244:
2139:
2108:15 June 1953
2104:15 June 1953
1985:Zemin, Jiang
1887:23 June 1909
1883:23 June 1909
1873:Xiannian, Li
1853:29 May 1981
1843:
1804:
1766:5 March 1886
1762:5 March 1886
1746:
1603:(first term)
1568:
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1411:6 July 1976)
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1382:29 May 1981)
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1204:Guójiā Zhǔxí
1202:
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1002:Presidencies
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944:中华人民共和国主席办公室
937:
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801:Eight Elders
789:
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762:
729:
692:
676:
657:
603:
535:
527:
487:
483:
481:
300:First holder
150:(diplomatic)
126:Mr President
5312:North Korea
5297:Afghanistan
5199:South Korea
5169:Philippines
5149:North Korea
4999:Afghanistan
4890:South Korea
4860:Philippines
4840:North Korea
4690:Afghanistan
4349:Politics of
4323:Chairperson
4126:Secretariat
3634:Jiang Zemin
3624:Li Xiannian
3599:Ye Jianying
3574:(1975–1982)
3549:(co-acting)
3527:Chairperson
3521:(1954–1975)
3487:(1949–1954)
3396:Works cited
3367:中华人民共和国国务院
3001:2 September
2768:26 February
2498:China Daily
2320:Peng Liyuan
2275:Jiang Zemin
2270:Wang Yeping
2233:Li Xiannian
2142:Peng Liyuan
2094:Jinping, Xi
1988:Jiang Zemin
1876:Li Xiannian
1689:Shaoqi, Liu
1633:Zedong, Mao
1617:(last term)
1526:Jiang Zemin
1482:Li Xiannian
1453:Ye Jianying
1106:Philippines
1086:South Korea
929:state visit
841:Eligibility
812:Jiang Zemin
793:Li Xiannian
639:term limits
610:Sun Yat-sen
304:Sun Yat-sen
263:(1949–1954)
239:Five years,
235:Term length
5334:Categories
5234:Uzbekistan
5209:Tajikistan
5109:Kyrgyzstan
5099:Kazakhstan
5049:East Timor
5019:Bangladesh
5009:Azerbaijan
4982:government
4925:Uzbekistan
4900:Tajikistan
4800:Kyrgyzstan
4790:Kazakhstan
4740:East Timor
4710:Bangladesh
4700:Azerbaijan
4527:Autonomous
4242:Ministries
4178:government
3644:Xi Jinping
3536:Liu Shaoqi
3531:Mao Zedong
3499:Mao Zedong
3334:www.gov.cn
3081:17 January
3034:1 December
2971:3 November
2940:11 January
2912:1 November
2732:Xi Jinping
2665:1 November
2632:18 October
2509:4 November
2454:References
2425:is termed
2325:Xi Jinping
2228:Lin Jiamei
2208:Liu Shaoqi
2183:Mao Zedong
2178:Jiang Qing
2159:President
2120:Incumbent
2097:Xi Jinping
2041:Jintao, Hu
1752:Biwu, Dong
1692:Liu Shaoqi
1636:Mao Zedong
1624:Longevity
1594:President
1584:Statistics
1570:Xi Jinping
1467:Presidents
1305:Liu Shaoqi
1275:Mao Zedong
1185:Post title
920:, declare
902:promulgate
783:, and the
703:Liu Shaoqi
627:Liu Shaoqi
623:Mao Zedong
585:(CCP) and
522:(CCP) and
309:Mao Zedong
291:1954-09-27
278:1912-01-01
176:Reports to
136:(informal)
100:Xi Jinping
5194:Sri Lanka
5189:Singapore
5164:Palestine
5069:Indonesia
4885:Sri Lanka
4880:Singapore
4855:Palestine
4760:Indonesia
4623:Elections
4582:Hong Kong
4427:Guangdong
4404:Provinces
4384:Chongqing
4354:divisions
4286:President
4210:President
4145:Secretary
4109:Politburo
3817:President
3639:Hu Jintao
3619:President
3554:Dong Biwu
3546:Dong Biwu
3469:President
3317:Wong 2023
3170:153804208
3056:Wong 2023
2804:7 October
2622:153288789
2573:154446161
2557:0022-3816
2300:Hu Jintao
2044:Hu Jintao
1839:Honorary
1755:Dong Biwu
1548:Hu Jintao
1327:Dong Biwu
1126:Sri Lanka
1066:Indonesia
1011:Argentina
836:Selection
819:Hu Jintao
730:When the
720:Dong Biwu
643:president
490:, is the
320:1975–1982
316:Abolished
268:Formation
256:Precursor
224:Appointer
214:Nominator
191:Residence
97:Incumbent
53:中华人民共和国主席
5260:Abkhazia
5214:Thailand
5159:Pakistan
5134:Mongolia
5129:Maldives
5124:Malaysia
5034:Cambodia
4980:Heads of
4951:Abkhazia
4905:Thailand
4850:Pakistan
4825:Mongolia
4820:Maldives
4815:Malaysia
4725:Cambodia
4673:of state
4619:See also
4552:Xinjiang
4517:Zhejiang
4497:Shandong
4482:Liaoning
4389:Shanghai
4254:Chairman
4201:Chairman
4086:Ideology
3595:(acting)
3557:(acting)
3383:3 August
3374:Archived
3344:3 August
3338:Archived
3302:12 March
3296:Archived
3266:12 March
3260:Archived
3233:12 March
3227:Archived
3201:12 March
3195:Archived
3028:Archived
2875:17 April
2869:Archived
2840:11 March
2834:Archived
2829:BBC News
2798:Archived
2762:Archived
2719:Archived
2626:Archived
2503:Archived
2427:zǒngtǒng
2415:zǒngtǒng
2336:See also
2102:19530615
2049:19421221
2024:20221130
1993:19260817
1968:19980914
1937:19070803
1912:19920621
1881:19090623
1851:19810529
1818:18930127
1791:19750402
1760:18860305
1728:19691112
1697:18981124
1672:19760909
1641:18931226
1577:present)
1260:Chairmen
1239:Timeline
1116:Portugal
1096:Pakistan
1036:DR Congo
1026:Colombia
986:a series
984:Part of
916:, grant
864:Election
587:chairman
556:and the
528:de facto
182:and its
5239:Vietnam
5139:Myanmar
5119:Lebanon
5059:Georgia
5014:Bahrain
5004:Armenia
4930:Vietnam
4830:Myanmar
4810:Lebanon
4750:Georgia
4705:Bahrain
4695:Armenia
4562:leaders
4547:Ningxia
4537:Guangxi
4529:regions
4507:Sichuan
4492:Shaanxi
4487:Qinghai
4472:Jiangxi
4467:Jiangsu
4432:Guizhou
4394:Tianjin
4379:Beijing
4269:Militia
4227:Premier
4176:Central
3693:of the
2757:Reuters
2565:2127261
2407:Chinese
2162:Tenure
2156:Spouse
2123:Living
2079:Living
1610:(total)
1191:Chinese
1146:Vietnam
1141:Uruguay
1121:Romania
1081:Ireland
1056:Germany
1046:Finland
1016:Austria
940:Chinese
828:of the
781:premier
748:5th NPC
732:4th NPC
711:3rd NPC
699:2nd NPC
679:Chinese
664:Chinese
649:History
589:of the
581:of the
577:of the
518:of the
494:of the
393:中華人民共和國
374:中华人民共和国
289: (
276: (
208:Beijing
5275:Taiwan
5219:Turkey
5179:Russia
5104:Kuwait
5094:Jordan
5084:Israel
5044:Cyprus
5029:Brunei
5024:Bhutan
4966:Taiwan
4910:Turkey
4870:Russia
4795:Kuwait
4785:Jordan
4775:Israel
4735:Cyprus
4720:Brunei
4715:Bhutan
4603:Taiwan
4512:Yunnan
4502:Shanxi
4437:Hainan
4417:Fujian
3586:Zhu De
3568:&
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3123:3 July
2725:12 May
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2614:652647
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2245:Vacant
2153:Image
2127:26,040
2083:29,869
2074:70 084
2068:09 364
2062:60 084
2030:35,169
2018:76 210
2012:09 353
2006:66 222
1974:33,280
1962:85 236
1956:04 352
1950:80 250
1918:30,314
1906:78 290
1900:04 295
1894:73 360
1857:32,263
1845:85 037
1837:01 242
1831:83 161
1797:32,534
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1779:02 327
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1660:04 212
1654:60 275
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1199:pinyin
1193::
1131:Taiwan
1111:Poland
1091:Mexico
1071:Israel
1051:France
1021:Brazil
950::
948:pinyin
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882:recite
746:. The
683:最高国务会议
681::
666::
531:leader
510:, the
346:(2015)
336:Salary
326:Deputy
166:Status
5302:China
5244:Yemen
5204:Syria
5174:Qatar
5144:Nepal
5089:Japan
5064:India
5054:Egypt
5039:China
4935:Yemen
4895:Syria
4865:Qatar
4835:Nepal
4780:Japan
4755:India
4745:Egypt
4730:China
4671:Heads
4587:Macau
4557:Tibet
4477:Jilin
4462:Hunan
4457:Hubei
4452:Henan
4442:Hebei
4422:Gansu
4412:Anhui
3377:(PDF)
3363:(PDF)
3166:S2CID
3158:JSTOR
3117:(PDF)
3110:(PDF)
2618:S2CID
2610:JSTOR
2569:S2CID
2561:JSTOR
2419:zhǔxí
2411:zhǔxí
2393:Notes
1076:Italy
1061:India
1041:Egypt
1031:China
849:be a
668:国防委员会
118:Style
5307:Iran
5154:Oman
5114:Laos
5079:Iraq
5074:Iran
4845:Oman
4805:Laos
4770:Iraq
4765:Iran
4574:SARs
4081:Laws
3570:1978
3566:1975
3413:ISBN
3385:2022
3346:2022
3304:2018
3268:2018
3235:2018
3203:2018
3125:2013
3083:2023
3036:2019
3003:2023
2973:2023
2942:2023
2914:2023
2877:2018
2842:2018
2806:2017
2770:2018
2727:2018
2689:ISBN
2667:2023
2634:2020
2553:ISSN
2511:2019
2150:No.
1805:Hon.
1195:国家主席
1101:Peru
884:the
625:and
597:and
482:The
456:國家主席
435:国家主席
344:est.
203:Seat
158:Type
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340:CN¥
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